property is to level the ground and to remove the rubbish of Objections out of the way that we may build the safer on the sure Foundation I shall mention some of those which I esteem justly pleadable in this cause And 1. The Antiquity of these Writings and of the divine Revelation contained in them is pleaded in Evidence of their divine Original And it may be so deservedly For where it is absolute it is unquestionable that which is most antient in any kind is most true God himself makes use of this plea against Idols Isa. 43. 10 11 12. Ye are my witnesses saith the Lord I even I am the Lord and besides me there is no Saviour I have declared and have saved and I have shewed when there was no strange God amongst you therefore ye are my witnesses saith the Lord that I am God That which he asserts is that he alone is God and no other This he calls the people to testify by this Argument that he was among them as God that is in the Church before any strange God was known or named And so it is justly pleaded in the behalf of this Revelation of the Mind of God in the Scripture it was in the World long before any other thing or writing pretended to be given unto the same end Whatever therefore ensued with the like design must either be set up in competition with it or opposition unto it above which it hath its advantage meerly from its Antiquity Whereas therefore this Writing in the first books of it is acknowledged to be antienter than any other that is extant in the World or indeed that ever was so and may be proved so to be it is beyond all reasonable apprehension that it should be of humane Original For we know how low weak and imperfect all humane Inventions were at the first how rude and unpolished in every kind until Time Observation following Additions and Diminutions had shaped formed and improved them But this Writing coming forth in the World absolutely the first in its kind directing us in the Knowledg of God and our selves was at first and at once so absolutely compleat and perfect that no Art Industry or Wisdom of Man could ever yet find any just defect in it or was able to add any thing unto it whereby it might be bettered or improved Neither from the beginning would it ever admit of any Additions unto it but what came from the same Fountain of divine Revelation and Inspirarion clearing it self in all Ages from all addition and superfetation of Men whatever This at least puts a singular character upon this Book and represents it with that reverend Awe and Majesty that it is the highest petulancy not to pay it a sacred respect This Argument is pursued by many at large as that which affordeth great variety of Historical and Chronological Observations And it hath been so scanned and improved that nothing but the giving of it a new dress remains for present or future Diligence But the real force of it lies in the consideration of the People by and amongst whom this Revelation first commenced in the World and the time wherein it did so When some Nations had so improved and cultivated the light of Nature as greatly to excel others in Wisdom and Knowledg they generally looked upon the people of the Jews as ignorant and barbarous And the more wise any of them conceived themselves the more they despised them And indeed they were utter Strangers unto all those Arts and Sciences whereby the faculties of mens Minds are naturally enlightned and enlarged Nor did they pretend unto any Wisdom whereby to stand iu competition with other Nations but only what they receiv'd by divine Revelations This alone God himself had taught them to look upon esteem as their only Wisdom before all the World Deut. 4. 6 7 8. Now we shall not need to consider what were the first Attempts of other Nations in expressing their conceptions concerning things Divine the Duty and Happiness of Man The Egyptians and Grecians were those who vied for Reputation in the improvement of this Wisdom But it is known and confessed that the utmost production of their endeavours were things foolish irrational and absurd contrary to the Being and Providence of God to the light of Nature leading mankind into a maze of folly and wickedness But we may consider what they attained unto in the fulness of time by their utmost improvement of Science Wisdom mutual Intelligence Experience Communication laborious Study and Observation When they had added and subducted to and from the Inventions of all former Ages from Time immemorial when they had used and improved the Reason Wisdom Invention and Conjectures of all that went before them in the study of this Wisdom and had discarded whatever they had found by experience unsuited to natural Light and the common Reason of mankind yet it must be acknowledged that the Apostle passeth a just censure on the utmost of their Attainments namely that they waxed vain in their Imaginations and the World in Wisdom knew not God Whence then was it that in one Nation esteemed barbarous and really so with respect unto that Wisdom those Arts and Sciences which enobled other Nations from that Antiquity wherein it is not pretended that Reason and Wisdom had received any considerable improvement without Converse Communication Learning or Experience there should at once proceed such a Law Doctrine and Instructions concerning God and Man so stable certain uniform as should not only incomparably excel all products of humane Wisdom unto that purpose however advantaged by Time and Experience but also abide invariable throughout all Generations so as that whatever hath been advanced in opposition unto it or but differing from it hath quickly sunk under the weight of its own unreasonableness and folly This one consideration unless Men have a Mind to be contentious gives sufficient satisfaction that this Book could have no other Original but what it pleads for it self namely an immediate Emanation from God 2. It is apparent that God in all Ages hath had a great Regard unto it and acted his Power and Care in its preservation Were not the Bible what it pretends to be there had been nothing more suitable to the Nature of God and more becoming divine Providence then long since to have blotted it out of the World For to suffer a Book to be in the World from the beginning of times falsly pretending his Name and Authority seducing so great a portion of Mankind into a pernitious and ruinous Apostacy from him as it must do and doth if it be not of a divine Original and exposing unconceivable multitudes of the best wisest and soberest amongst them unto all sorts of bloody miseries which they have undergone in the behalf of it seems not consonant unto that infinite Goodness Wisdom and care wherewith this World is govern'd from above But on the contrary whereas the malitious craft of
Satan and the prevalent power and rage of Mankind hath combined and been set at work to the ruine and utter Suppression of this Book proceeding sometimes so far as that there was no appearing way for its escape yet through the watchful care and Providence of God sometimes putting it self forth in miraculous Instances it hath been preserved unto this day and shall be so to the consummation of all things The event of that which was spoken by our Saviour Matth. 5. 18. doth invincibly prove the divine Approbation of this Book as that doth its divine Original Till Heaven and Earth pass away one Jot or one Tittle shall in no wise pass from the Law Gods perpetual care over the Scriptures for so many Ages that not a letter of it should be utterly lost nothing that hath the least tendency towards its end should perish is evidence sufficient of his regard unto it Especially would it be so if we should consider with what remarkable Judgments and severe Reflections of Vengeance on its opposers this care hath been managed instances whereof might be easily multiplyed And if any will not ascribe this preservation of the Books of the Bible not only in their Being but in their purity and Integrity free from the least just suspition of corruption or the intermixture of any thing humane or heterogeneous unto the care of God it is incumbent on him to assign some other cause proportionate to such an effect whilst it was the interest of Heaven and the Endeavour of the Earth and Hell to have it corrupted and destroyed For my part I cannot but judg that he that seeth not an hand of divine Providence stretched out in the preservation of this Book and all that is in it its Words and Syllables for thousands of years through all the overthrows and deluges of Calamities that have befallen the World with the weakness of the means whereby it hath been preserved and the interest in some Ages of all those in whose power it was to have it corrupted as it was of the Apostate Churches of the Jews and Christians with the open opposition that hath been made unto it doth not believe there is any such thing as divine Providence at all It was first written in the very infancy of the Babylonian Empire with which it afterwards contemporized about 900 years By this Monarchy that people which alone had these Oracles of God committed unto them were oppressed destroyed and carried into captivity But this Book was then preserved amongst them whilst they were absolutely under the power of their Enemies although it condemned them and all their Gods and Religious Worship wherewith we know how horribly mankind is inraged Satan had enthroned himself as the Object of their Worship and the Author of all ways of divine veneration amongst them These they adhered unto as their principal interest as all People do unto that they esteem their Religion In the whole World there was nothing that judged condemned opposed him or them but this Book only which was now absolutely in their power If that by any means could have been destroyed then when it was in the hands but of a few and those for the most part flagitious in their lives hating the things contained in it and wholly under the power of their Adversaries the Interest of Satan and the whole World in Idolatry had been secured But through the meer provision of divine care it out-lived that Monarchy and saw the ruine of its greatest Adversaries So it did also during the continuance of the Persian Monarchy which succeeded whilst the people was still under the power of Idolaters against whom this was the only Testimony in the World By some branches of the Grecian Monarchy a most fierce and diligent attempt was made to have utterly destroyed it but still it was snatched by divine Power out of the Furnace not one hair of it being singed or the least detriment brought unto its perfection The Romans destroyed both the people and place designed until then for its preservation carrying the antient coppy of the Law in triumph to Rome on the conquest of Jerusalem And whilst all absolute power and dominion in the whole World where this Book was known or heard of was in their hands they exercised a rage against it for sundry Ages with the same success that former enemies had From the very first all the Endeavours of Mankind that professed an open enmity against it have been utterly frustrate And whereas also those unto whom it was outwardly committed as the Jews first and the Antichristian Church of Apostatized Christians afterwards not only fell into Opinions and Practices absolutely inconsistent with it but also built all their present and future Interests on those Opinions and Practices yet none of them durst ever attempt the corrupting of one Line in it but were forced to attempt their own Security by a pretence of Additional Traditions and keeping the Book it self as much as they durst out of the hands and knowledge of all not engaged in the same Interest with themselves Whence could all this proceed but from the watchful Care and Power of divine Providence And it is bruitish folly not to believe that what God doth so protect did originally proceed from Himself seeing it pleads and pretends so to do For every wise Man will take more Care of a Stranger than a Bastard falsly imposed on him unto his Dishonour 3. The Design of the whole and all the parts of it hath an impress on it of divine Wisdom and Authority And hereof there are two parts First to reveal God unto men and Secondly to direct men to come unto the enjoyment of God That these are the only two great Concerns of our nature of any rational Being were easy to prove but that it is acknowledged by all those with whom I treat Now never did any Book or Writing in the World any single or joynt endeavours of mankind or invisible Spirits in the way of Authority give out a Law Rule Guide and Light for all mankind universally in both these namely the Knowledge of God and our selves but this Book only and if any other it may be like the Alcoran did pretend in the least thereunto it quickly discovered its own folly and exposed it self to the contempt of all wise and considerate men The only Question is how it hath discharged it self in this Design for if it hath compleatly and perfectly accomplished it it is not only evident that it must be from God but also that it is the greatest Benefit and Kindness that divine Benignity and Goodness ever granted unto Mankind for without it all men universally must necessarily wander in an endless Maze of uncertainties without ever attaining Light Rest or Blessedness here or hereafter Wherefore 1. As it takes on it self to speak in the Name and Authority of God and delivers nothing commands nothing but what becomes his infinite Holiness Wisdom and Goodness so it makes that
recompence in this World upon the Sole Account of the Doctrine taught by themselves with all other circumstances innumerable that are pleadable to evince the sincerity and integrity of any witnesses whatever do all concur to prove that they did not follow cunningly devised Fables in what they declared concerning the Mind and Will of God as immediately from himself To confront this evidence with bare Surmizes incapable of any rational Countenance or Confirmation is only to manifest what bruitish impudence Infidelity and Atheism are forced to retreat unto for shelter 2. Their Stile and Manner of Writing deserves a peculiar consideration For there are impressed on it all those Characters of a divine Original that can be communicated unto such an outward Adjunct of divine Revelation Notwithstanding the distance of the Ages and Seasons wherein they lived the difference of the Languages wherein they wrote with the great variety of their Parts Abilities Education and other circumstances yet there is upon the whole and all the parts of their writing that Gravity Majesty and Authority mixed with plainness of speech and absolute freedom from all appearance of affectation of esteem or applause or any things else that derive from humane frailty as must excite an Admiration in all that seriously consider them But I have at large elsewhere insisted on this consideration And have also in the same place shewed that there is no other writing extant in the world that ever pretended unto a divine Original as the Apocriphal Books under the Old Testament and some fragments of spurious pieces pretended to be written in the days of the Apostles but they are not only from their matter but from the manner of their writing and the plain footsteps of humane Artifice and Weakness therein sufficient for their own conviction and do openly discover their own vain pretensions So must every thing necessarily do which being meerly humane pretends unto an immediate derivation from God When men have done all they can these things will have as evident a difference between them as there is between Wheat and Chaff between real and painted Fire Jer. 23. 28 29. 2. Unto the Testimony of the Divine Writers themselves we must add that of those who in all Ages have believed in Christ through their Word which is the description which the Lord Jesus Christ giveth of his Church Joh. 17. 20. This is the Church that is those who wrote the Scripture and those who believe in Christ through their word through all Ages which beareth witness to the divine Original of the Scripture and it may be added that we know this witness is true With these I had rather venture my Faith and eternal condition then with any Society any real or pretended Church whatever And among these there is an especial consideration to be had of those innumerable multitudes who in the primitive times witnessed this confession all the World over For they had many advantages above us to know the certainty of sundry matters of fact which the verity of our Religion depends upon And we are directed unto an especial regard of their Testimony which is signalized by Christ himself In the great Judgment that is to be passed on the World the first Appearance is of the Souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus Christ and for the Word of God Rev. 20. 4. And there is at present an especial regard unto them in Heaven upon the account of their Witness and Testimony Rev. 6. 9 10 11. These were they who with the loss of their lives by the Sword and other ways of violence gave testimony unto the Truth of the Word of God And to reduce these things unto a rational consideration who can have the least occasion to suspect all those persons of folly weakness credulity wickedness or conspiracy among themselves which such a diffused multitude was absolutely uncapable of Neither can any man undervalue their Testimony but he must comply with their Adversaries against them who were known generally to be of the worst of Men. And who is there that believes there is a God and an eternal future State that had not rather have his Soul with Paul than Nero with the Holy Martyrs than their bestial Persecutors Wherefore this Suffrage and Testimony begun from the first writing of the Scripture and carried on by the best of Men in all Ages and made conspicuously glorious in the primitive times of Christianity must needs be with all wise men unavoidably cogent at least unto a due and sedate consideration of what they bare witness unto and sufficient to scatter all such prejudices as Atheism or prophaneness may raise or suggest Secondly What it was they gave Testimony unto is duly to be considered And this was not that the Book of the Scripture was Good Holy and True in all the contents of it only but that the whole and every part of it was given by divine Inspiration as their Faith in this matter is expressed 2 Pet. 1. 20 21. On this account and no other did they themselves receive the Scripture as also believe and yeild Obedience unto the things contained in it Neither would they admit that their Testimony was received if the whole World would be content to allow of or obey the Scripture on any other or lower terms Nor will God himself allow of an Assent unto the Scripture under any other conception but as the Word which is immediately spoken by himself Hence they who refuse to give credit thereunto are said to bely the Lord and say it is not he Jer. 5. 2. Yea to make God a liar 1 Joh. 5. 10. If all mankind should agree together to receive and make use of this Book as that which taught nothing but what is Good useful and profitable to humane Society as that which is a compleat Directory unto men in all that they need to believe or do towards God the best means under Heaven to bring them to setlement satisfaction and assurance in the Knowledg of God and themselves as the safest Guide to eternal blessedness and therefore must needs be written and composed by persons Wise Holy and Honest above all comparison and such as had that Knowledg of God and his Will as is necessary unto such an undertaking yet all this answers not the Testimony given by the Church of Believers in all ages unto the Scriptures It was not lawful for them it is not for us so to compound this matter with the World That the whole Scripture was given by Inspiration from God that it was his Word his true and faithful sayings was that which in the first place they gave Testimony unto and we also are obliged so to do They never pretended unto any other Assurance of the things they professed nor any other Reason of their Faith and Obedience but that the Scripture wherein all these things are contained was given immediately from God or was his Word And therefore they were
have advantage thereby The Sun of Righteousness is now risen upon us and Immortality is brought to light by the Gospel If we look now on the Revelations granted unto them of old we may yet see there was light in them which yields us little more advantage than the light of a Candle in the Sun But unto them who lived before this Sun arose they were a sufficient Guide unto all Duties of Faith and Obedience For 3. There was during this season a sufficient Ministry for the declaration of the Revelations which God made of Himself and his Will There was the natural Ministry of Parents who were obliged to instruct their Children and Families in the knowledge of the Truth which they had received And whereas this began in Adam who first received the Promise and therewithal whatsoever was necessary unto Faith and Obedience the knowledg of it could not be lost without the wilful neglect of Parents in teaching or of Children and Families in learning And they had the extraordinary Ministry of such as God entrusted new Revelations withal for the confirmation and inlargment of those before received who were all of them Preachers of Righteousness unto the rest of Mankind And it may be manifested that from the giving of the first Promise when divine external Revelations began to be the Rule of Faith and Life unto the Church to the writing of the Law there was always alive one or other who receiving divine Revelations immediatly were a kind of infallible Guides unto others If it was otherwise at any time it was after the death of the Patriarks before the Call of Moses during which time all things went into Darkness and Confusion For oral Tradition alone would not preserve the Truth of former Revelations But by whom these Instructions were received they had a sufficient outward means for their Illumination before any divine Revelations were recorded by Writing Yet 4. This way of Instruction as it was in it self imperfect and liable to many disadvantages so through the weakness negligence and wickedness of men it proved insufficient to retain the knowledg of God in the World For under this Dispensation the Generality of Mankind fell into their great Apostacy from God and betook themselves unto the conduct and service of the Devil of the ways means and degrees whereof I have discoursed* elsewhere Hereon God also regarded them not but suffered all Nations to walk in their own ways Acts 14. 16. giving them up to their own hearts lusts to walk in their own Counsels as it is expressed Psal. 81. 12. And although this fell not out without the horrible wickedness and ingratitude of the World yet there being then no certain Standard of divine Truth whereunto they might repair they brake off the easier from God through the imperfection of this Dispensation If it shall be said that since the Revelation of the Will of God hath been committed unto Writing men have Apostatized from the Knowledge of God as is evident in many Nations of the World which sometimes professed the Gospel but are now over-run with Heathenism Mahometism and Idolatry I say this hath not come to pass through any defect in the way and means of Illumination or the Communication of the Truth unto them but God hath given them up to be destroyed for their wickedness and ingratitude and unless we repent we shall all likewise perish Rom. 1. 18. 2 Thes. 2. 11 12. Otherwise where the Standard of the Word is once fixed there is a constant means of preserving divine Revelations Wherefore Thirdly God hath gathered up into the Scripture all divine Revelations given out by himself from the beginning of the World and all that ever shall be so to the end thereof which are of general use unto the Church that it may be throughly instructed in the whole mind and will of God and directed in all that Worship of Him and Obedience unto Him which is necessary to give us acceptance with Him here and to bring us unto the eternal enjoyment of him hereafter For 1. When God first committed the Law to writing with all those things which accompanied it he obliged the Church unto the use of it alone without Additions of any kind Now this he would not have done had he not expressed therein that is the Books of Moses all that was any way needful unto the Faith and Obedience of the Church For he did not only command them to attend with all diligence unto his Word as it was then written for their instruction and direction in Faith and Obedience annexing all sorts of Promises unto their so doing Deut. 6. 6 7. but also expresly forbids them as was said to add any thing thereunto or to conjoyn any thing therewith Deut. 4. 2. chap. 12 32. which he would not have done had he omitted other divine Revelations before given that were any way necessary unto the use of the Church As he added many new Ones so he gathered in all the old from the unfaithful Repository of Tradition and fixed them in a Writing given by divine Inspiration 2. For all other divine Revelations which were given out to the Church for its use in general under the Old Testament they are all comprised in the following Books thereof Nor was this that I know of ever questioned by any Person pretending to Sobriety though some who would be glad of any pretence against the Integrity and Perfection of the Scripture have fruitlesly wrangled about the loss of some Books which they can never prove concerning any one that was certainly of a divine Original 3. The full Revelation of the whole mind of God whereunto nothing pretending thereunto is ever to be added was committed unto and perfected by Jesus Christ Heb. 1. 1 2. That the Revelations of God made by him whether in his own Person or by his Spirit unto his Apostles were also by divine Inspiration committed to Writing is expressly affirmed concerning what he delivered in his own personal Ministry Luk. 1. 4. Acts 1. 1. John 20. 31. and may be proved by uncontroulable Arguments concerning the rest of them Hence as the Scriptures of the old Testament were shut up with a Caution and Admonition unto the Church to adhere unto the Law and Testimony with threatning of a Curse unto the contrary Mal. 4. 4 5 6. So the Writings of the New Testament are closed with a Curse on any that shall presume to add any thing more thereunto Rev. 22. 18. Wherefore Fourthly The Scripture is now become the only external means of divine supernatural Illumination because 't is the only Repository of all divine supernatural Revelation Psal. 19. 7 8. Isa. 8. 20. 2 Tim. 3. 15 16 17. The Pretences of Tradition as a collateral means of preserving and communicating supernatural Revelation have been so often evicted of falsity that I shall not further press their impeachment Besides I intend those in this Discourse by whom it is acknowledged that the Bible is
Declaration of him in his Nature Being and Subsistence with the necessary Properties and Acts thereof his Will with all his voluntary Actings or Works wherein we may be or are concerned so as that we may know him aright and entertain true Notions and Apprehensions of him according to the utmost capacity of our finite limited Understanding Neither do we urge his Authority in this case but here and elsewhere resort unto the Evidence of his Reasonings compared with the Event or Matter of Fact What horrible Darkness Ignorance and Blindness was upon the whole World with respect unto the Knowledge of God what confusion and debasement of our Nature ensued thereon whilst God suffered all Nations to walk in their own ways and winked at the times of their Ignorance the Apostle declares at large Rom. 1. from the 19th verse to the end of the Chapter The Sum is That the only true God being become unknown to them as the wisest of them acknowledged Acts 17. 21. and as our Apostle proved against them the Devil that Murderer from the Beginning and Enemy of Mankind had under various pretences substituted himself in his Room and was become the God of this World as he is called 2 Cor. 4. 4. and had appropriated all the religious Devotion and Worship of the Generality of Mankind unto himself For the things which the Gentiles sacrificed they sacrificed unto Devils and not unto God as our Apostle affirms 1 Cor. 10. 20. and as may easily be evinced and I have abundantly manifested it elsewhere It is acknowledged that some few speculative Men among the Heathens did seek after God in that horrid Darkness wherewith they were encompassed and laboured to reduce their Conceptions and Notions of his Being unto what Reason could apprehend of infinite Perfections and what the Works of Creation and Providence could suggest unto them but as they could never come unto any certainty or consistency of Notions in their own minds proceeding but a little beyond Conjecture as is the manner of them who seek after any thing in the dark much less with one another to propose any thing unto the World for the use of Mankind in these things by common consent so they could none of them either ever free themselves from the grossest practical Idolatry in worshipping the Devil the Head of their Apostacy from God nor in the least influence the minds of the Generality of Mankind with any due Apprehensions of the divine Nature This is the Subject and Substance of the Apostles Disputation against them Rom. 1. In this state of things what misery and confusion the World lived in for many Ages what an endless Labyrinth of foolish slavish Superstitions and Idolatries it had cast it self into I have in another Discourse particularly declared With respect hereunto the Scripture is well called by the Apostle Peter a Light shining in a dark place 2 Pet. 11. 9. It gives unto all men at once a perfect clear steady uniform Declaration of God his Being Subsistence Properties Authority Rule and Actings which evidenceth it self unto the Minds and Consciences of all whom the God of this World hath not absolutely blinded by the power of prejudices and lusts confirming them in an Enmity unto and hatred of God himself There is indeed no more required to free Mankind from this horrible darkness and enormous conceptions about the Nature of God and the Worship of Idols but a sedate unprejudiced Consideration of the Revelation of these things in the Book of the Scripture We may say therefore to all the World with our Prophet When they say unto you Seek unto them who have familiar Spirits and unto Wizards that peep and mutter Should not a people seek unto their God for the living to the dead To the Law and to the Testimony if they speak not according to this Word it is because there is no light in them Isa. 8. 19 20. And this also plainly manifests the Scripture to be of a divine Original For if this Declaration of God this Revelation of Himself and his Will is incomparably the greatest and most excellent Benefit that our Nature is capable of in this World more needful for and useful unto Mankind than the Sun in the Firmament as to the proper end of their Lives and Beings and if none of the wisest men in the World neither severally nor joyntly could attain unto themselves or make known unto others this Knowledge of God so that we may say with our Apostle that in the Wisdom of God the World by Wisdom knew not God 1 Cor. 1. 21. And whereas those who attempted any such things yet waxed vain in their Imaginations and Conjectures so that no one person in the World dares own the Regulation of his Mind and Understanding by their Notions and Conceptions absolutely although they had all advantages of Wisdom and the Exercise of Reason above those at the least the most of them who wrote and published the Books of the Scripture it cannot with any pretence of Reason be questioned whether they were not given by Inspiration from God as they pretend and plead There is that done in them which all the World could not do and without the doing whereof all the World must have been eternally miserable and who could do this but God If any one shall judge that that Ignorance of God which was among the Heathens of old or is among the Indians at this day is not so miserable a matter as we make it or that there is any way to free them from it but by an Emanation of Light from the Scripture he dwells out of my present way upon the Confines of Atheism so that I shall not divert unto any Converse with him I shall only add That whatever Notions of Truth concâ—rning God and his Essence there may be found in those Philosophers who lived after the Preaching of the Gospel in the World or are at this day to be found among the Mahumetans or other false Worshippers in the World above those of the more ancient Pagans they all derive from the Fountain of the Scripture and were thence by various means traduced 2. The second End of this Doctrine is to direct Mankind in their proper Course of living unto God and attaining that Rest and Blessedness whereof they are capable and which they cannot but desire These things are necessary to our Nature so that without them it were better not to be for it is better to have no Being in the World than whiles we have it always to wander and never to act towards its proper end seeing all that is really good unto us consists in our Tendency thereunto and our Attainment of it Now as these things were never stated in the minds of the Community of Mankind but that they lived in perpetual confusion so the Enquiries of the Philosophers about the chief end of Man the Nature of Felicity or Blessedness the ways of attaining it are nothing but
did on the Authority of the Church of Rome in any sense whatever for the Reasons that shall be mentioned immediately But it may be granted that together with the Ministry of other Churches in the World and many other Providential Means of their Preservation and successive Communication we did de Facto receive the Scriptures by the Ministry of the Church of Rome also seeing they also were in the possession of them But this Ministry we allow only in the latter sense as an actual means in subserviency unto God's Providence without respect unto any especial Institution And for the Authority of the Church in this case in that sense wherein it is allowed namely as denoting the Weight and Importance of a Testimony which being strengthened by all sorts of Circumstances may be said to have great Authority in it we must be careful unto whom or what Church we grant or allow it For let men assume what Names or Titles to themselves they please yet if the Generality of them be corrupt or flagitious in their lives and have great secular Advantages which they highly prize and studiously improve from what they suppose and profess the Scripture to supply them withall be they called Church or what you please their Testimony therein is of very little value for all men may see that they have an earthly worldly Interest of their own therein And it will be said that if such Persons did know the whole Bible to be a Fable as one Pope expressed himself to that purpose they would not forego the Profession of it unless they could more advantage themselves in the World another way Wherefore whereas it is manifest unto all that those who have the Conduct of the Roman Church have made and do make to themselves great earthly temporal Advantages in Honour Power Wealth and Reputation in the World by their Profession of the Scripture their Testimony may rationally be supposed to be so far influenced by self interest as to be of little Validity The Testimony therefore which I intend is that of multitudes of persons of unspotted Reputâ—â—ion on all other accounts in the World free from all possibility of impeachment as unto any designed evil or conspiracy among themselves with respect unto any corrupt end and who having not the least secular Advantage by what they testified unto were absolutely secured against all Exceptions which either common Reason or common Vsage among Mankind can put in unto any Witness whatever And to evidence the force that is in this Consideration I shall briefly represent 1. Who they were that gave and do give this Testimony in some especial Instances 2. What they gave this Testimony unto 3. How or by what means they did so And in the first place The Testimony of those by whom the several Books of the Scripture were written is to be considered They all of them severally and joyntly witnessed that what they wrote was received by Inspiration from God This is pleaded by the Apostle Peter in the Name of them all 2 Pet. 1. 16 17 18 19 20 21. For we have not followed cunningly devised Fables when we made known unto you the Power and Coming of our Lord Jesus Christ but were eye witnesses of his Majesty For he received from God the Father honour and glory when there came such a voice to him from the excellent Glory This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased And this voice which came from Heaven we heard when we were with him in the holy Mount We have also a more sure word of Prophecy whereunto ye do well that ye take heed as unto a light that shineth in a dark place until the day dawn and the day star arise in your hearts Knowing this first that no Prophecy of the Scripture is of any private interpretation For the Prophecy came not in old time by the Will of Man but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost This is the concurrent Testimony of the Writers both of the Old Testament and the New Namely that as they have certain knowledg of the things they wrote so their writing was by Inspiration from God So in particular John beareth witness unto his Revelations Chap. 19. 9. Chap. 22. 6. These are the true and faithful sayings of God And what weight is to be laid hereon is declared Joh. 21. 24. This is that Disciple which testifyeth of these things and wrote these things and we know that his testimony is true He testifyed the Truth of what he wrote but how was it known to the Church there intended we know that his Testimony is true that so it was indeed He was not absolutely 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or one that was to be believed in meerly on his own account yet here it is spoken in the name of the Church with the highest Assurance and we know that his Testimony is true I answer this assurance of theirs did not arise meerly from his moral or natural endowments or holy Counsels but from the Evidence they had of his divine Inspiration Whereof we shall treat afterwards The things pleaded to give force unto this Testimony in particular are all that such a Testimony is capable of and so many as would require a large discourse by it self to propose discuss and confirm them But supposing the Testimony they gave I shall in compliance whith my own design reduce the Evidences of its Truth unto these two considerations 1. of their Persons and 2. of the Manner of their Writing 1. As to their Persons they were absolutely removed from all possible suspition of deceiving or being deceived The Wit of all the Atheistical Spirits in the World is not able to fix on any one thing that would be a tolerable ground of any such suspition concerning the integrity of witnesses could such a Testimony be given in any other case And surmises in things of this nature which had no pleadable ground for them are to be looked on as Diabolical suggestions or Atheistical Dreams or at best the false Imaginations of weak and distempered Minds The nature and design of their work their unconcernment with all secular interests their unacquaintance with one another the Times and Places wherein the things reported by them were done and acted the facility of convincing them of falshood if what they wrote in matter of fact which is the Fountain of what else they taught in case it were not true the evident certainty that this would have been done arising from the known Desire Ability Will and Interest of their Adversaries so to do had it been possible to be effected seeing this would have secured them the Victory in the conflicts wherein they were violently ingaged and have put an immediate issue unto all that difference and uproar that was in the World about their Doctrine their Harmony among themselves without conspiracy or antecedent Agreement the miseries which they underwent most of them without hope of releif or
believe it so to be and then to believe the things contained in it For this Proposition that the Scripture is the Word of God is a divine Revelation and so to be believed But God no where requires nor ever did that we should believe any divine Revelation upon such Grounds much less on such Grounds and Motives only They are left unto us as consequential unto our Believing to plead with others in behalf of what we profess and for the Justification of it unto the World But that which requires our Faith and Obedience unto in the receiving of divine Revelations whether immediately given and declared or as recorded in the Scripture is his own Authority and Veracity I am the Lord the High and Lofty One. Thus saith the Lord. To the Law and to the Testimony This is my Son hear him All Scripture is given by Inspiration from God Believe the Lord and his Prophets This alone is that which he requires us to resolve our Faith into So when he gave unto us the Law of our Lives the eternal and unchangeable Rule of our Obedience unto him in the ten Commandments he gives no other Reason to oblige us thereunto but this only I am the Lord thy God The sole formal Reason of all our Obedience is taken from his own Nature and our Relation unto him Nor doth he propose any other Reason why we should believe him or the Revelation which he makes of his Mind and Will And our Faith is part of our Obedience the Root and principal Part of it therefore the Reason of both is the same Neither did our Lord Jesus Christ nor his Apostles ever make use of such Arguments or Motives for the ingenerating of Faith in the minds of men nor have they given Directions for the use of any such Arguments to this End and Purpose But when they were accused to have followed cunningly devised Fables they appealed unto Moses and the Prophets to the Revelations they had themselves received and those that were before recorded It is true they wrought Miracles in confirmation of their own divine Mission and of the Doctrine which they taught But the Miracles of our Saviour were all of them wrought amongst those who believed the whole Scripture then given to be the Word of God and those of the Apostles were before the Writings of the Books of the New Testament Their Doctrine therefore materially considered and their Warranty to teach it was sufficiently yea abundantly confirmed by them But Divine Revelation formally considered and as written was left upon the old Foundation of the Authority of God who gave it No such Method is prescribed no such Example is proposed unto us in the Scripture to make use of these Arguments and Motives for the Conversion of the Souls of men unto God and the ingenerating of Faith in them Yea in some Cases the use of such means is decryed as unprofitable and the Sole Authority of God putting forth his Power in and by his Word is appealed unto 1 Cor. 2. 4 5 13. chap. 14. 26 27. 2 Cor. 4. 7. But yet in a way of Preparation subservient unto the receiving the Scripture as the Word of God and for the Defence of it against Gainsayers and their Objections their use hath been granted and proved But from first to last in the Old and New Testament the Authority and Truth of God are constantly and uniformly proposed as the immediate Ground and Reason of Believing his Revelations nor can it be proved that he doth accept or approve of any kind of Faith or Assent but what is built thereon and resolved thereinto The Sum is We are obliged in a way of Duty to believe the Scriptures to be a Divine Revelation when they are ministerially or providentially proposed unto us whereof afterwards The Ground whereon we are to receive them is the Authority and Veracity of God speaking in them we believe them because they are the Word of God Now this Faith whereby we so believe is Divine and Supernatural because the mal Reason of it is so namely Gods Truth and Authority Wherefore we do not nor ought to believe the Scripture as highly probable or with a moral Perswasion and Assurance built upon Arguments absolutely fallible and humane only For if this be the formal Reason of Faith namely the Veracity and Authority of God if we believe not with Faith divine and supernatural we believe not at all 2. The moral Certainty treated of is a meer Effect of Reason There is no more required unto it but that the Reasons proposed for the Assent required be such as the mind judgeth to be convincing and prevalent whence an inferiour Kind of Knowledge or a firm Opinion or some kind of Perswasion which hath not yet gotten an intelligible Name doth necessarily ensue There is therefore on this Supposition no need of any Work of the Holy Ghost to enable us to believe or to work Faith in us for no more is required herein but what necessarily ariseth from a naked Exercise of Reason If it be said that the Enquiry is not about what is the Work of the Spirit of God in us but concerning the Reasons and Motives to Believing that are proposed unto us I answer it is granted but that we urge herein is that the Act which is exerted on such Motives or the Perswasion which is begotten in our minds by them is purely natural and such as requires no especial Work of the Holy Ghost in us for the effecting of it Now this is not Faith nor can we be said in the Scripture sense to believe thereby and so in particular not the Scriptures to be the Word of God For Faith is the Gift of God and is not of our selves Ephes 2. 8. It is given unto some on the behalf of Christ Phil. 1. 29. and not unto others Mat. 11. 29. chap. 13. 11. But this Assent on external Arguments and Motives is of our selves equally common and exposed unto all No man can say that Jesus is the Lord but by the Holy Ghost 1 Cor. 12. 3. But he who believeth the Scripture truly aright and according to his Duty doth say so No man cometh to Christ but he that hath heard and learned of the Father John 6. 45. And as this is contrary to the Scripture so it is expresly condemned by the ancient Church particularly by the second Arausican Council Can. 5. 7. Si quis sicut augmentum ita etià m initium Fidei ipsumque credulitatis affectum non per gratiae donum id est per inspirationem Spiritus Sancti corrigentem voluntatem nostram ab infidelitate ad fidem ab impietate ad pietatem sed naturalitèr nobis inesse dicit Apostolicis Dogmatibus adversarius approbatur And plainly Can. 7. Si quis per naturae vigorem bonum aliquod quod ad Salutem pertinet vitae eternae cogitare ut expedit aut eligere sive salutari id est evangelicae Praedicaiioni consentire
and supernatural rests upon that is it is to be believed for its own sake But saith our Lord Jesus Christ himself if men will not hear that is believe Moses and the Prophets neither will they be perswaded though one rose from the dead and come and preach unto them a greater Miracle than which they could not desire Now this could not be spoken if the Scripture did not contain in it self the whole entire formal Reason of Believing for if it have not this something necessary unto believing would be wanting though that were enjoyed And this is directly affirmed John 20. 30 31. And many other Signs truly did Jesus in the presence of his Disciples which are not written in this Book But these are written that you might believe that Jesus is the Christ the Son of God and that believing you might have life through his Name The Signs which Christ wrought did evidence him to be the Son of God But how come we to know and believe these Signs what is the way and means thereof Saith the blessed Apostle these things are written that you may believe this writing of them by Divine Inspiration is so far sufficient to beget and assure Faith in you as that thereby you may have eternal life through Jesus Christ. For if the writing of Divine Things and Revelations be the means appointed of God to cause men to believe unto eternal life then it must as such carry along with it sufficient Reason why we should believe and Grounds whereon we should do so And in like manner is this matter determined by the Apostle Peter 2 Pet. 1. 16 17 18 19 20 21. For we have not followed cunningly devised Fables when we made known unto you the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ but were eye-witnesses of his Majesty For he received from God the Father honour and glory when there came such a Voice to him from the excellent Glory This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased And this Voice which came from Heaven we heard when we were with him in the holy Mount We have also a more sure Word of Prophecy whereunto ye do well that ye take heed as unto a Light shining in a dark place until the day dawn and the day-star arise in your hearts Knowing this first that no Prophecy of the Scripture is of any private interpretation For the Prophecy came not in old time by the will of man but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost The Question is about the Gospel or the Declaration of the powerful Coming of Jesus Christ whether it were to be believed or no and if it were upon what Grounds Some said it was a cunningly devised Fable others that it was a fanatical Story of mad men as Festus thought of it when preached by Paul Acts 26. 24. and very many are of the same mind still The Apostles on the contrary averred that what was spoken concerning him were Words of truth and soberness yea faithful Sayings and worthy of all acceptation 1 Tim. 1. 15. that is to be believed for its Worth and Truth The Grounds and Reasons hereof are two 1. The Testimony of the Apostles who not only conversed with Jesus Christ and were eye Witnesses of his Majesty beholding his Glory the Glory as of the only begotten of the Father full of Grace and Truth John 1. 14. which they gave in Evidence of the Truth of the Gospel 1 John 1. 1. But also heard a miraculous Testimony given unto him immediately from God in Heaven ver 17. 18. This gave them indeed sufficient Assurance but whereinto shall they resolve their Faith who heard not this Testimony Why they have a more sure that is a most sure Word of Prophecy that is the written Word of God that is sufficient of it self to secure their Faith in this matter especially as confirmed by the Testimony of the Apostles whereby the Church comes to be built in its Faith on the Foundation of the Prophets and Apostles Ephes. 2. 20. But why should we believe this Word of Prophecy may not that also be a cunningly devised Fable and the whole Scripture be but the Suggestions of mens private Spirits as is objected Ver. 20. All is finally resolved into this that the Writers of it were immediately moved and acted by the Holy Ghost from which Divine Original it carrieth along its own Evidence with it Plainly that which the Apostle teacheth us is that we believe all other Divine Truths for the Scriptures sake or because they are declared therein but the Scripture we believe for its own sake or because holy men of God wrote it as they were moved by the Holy Ghost So is the whole Object of Faith proposed by the same Apostle 2 Pet. 3. 2. The Words that were spoken before by the holy Prophets and the Commandments of the Apostles of the Lord and Saviour And because our Faith is resolved into them we are said to be built upon the Foundation of the Prophets and Apostles as was said Eph. 2. 20. that is our Faith rests solely as on its proper Foundation which bears the weight of it on the Authority and Truth of God in their Writings Hereunto we may add that of Paul Rom. 16. 25 26. According to the Revelation of the Mystery which was kept secret since the World began but now is made manifest and by the Scriptures of the Prophets according to the Commandment of the everlasting God made known unto all Nations for the Obedience of Faith The matter to be beleived is the Mystery of the Gospel which was kept secret since the World began or from the giving of the first Promise not absolutely but with respect unto that full manifestation which it hath now received This God commands to be believed the everlasting God he who hath sovereign Authority over all requires Faith in a way of Obedience hereunto But what Ground or Reason have we to believe it This alone is proposed namely the Divine Revelation made in the Preaching of the Apostles and Writings of the Prophets for Faith cometh by hearing and hearing by the Word of God Rom. 10. 17. This Course and no other did our Saviour even after his Resurrection take to beget and confirm Faith in the Disciples Luk. 24. 25 26 27. That great Testimony to this purpose 2 Tim. 3. 14 15 16 17. I do not plead in particular because I have so fully insisted on it in another Discourse From these and many other Testimonies to the same purpose which might be produced it is evident 1. That it is the Scripture it self the Word or Will of God as revealed or written which is proposed unto us as the Object of our Faith and Obedience which we are to receive and believe with Faith divine and supernatural 2. That no other Reason is proposed unto us either as a Motive to encourage us or as an Argument to assure us that we shall not
Place that the Plea hitherto insisted on cannot be managed without great Disadvantage to Christian Religion For if we take away the Rational Grounds on which we believe the Doctrine of Christ to be True and Divine and the whole Evidence of the Truth of it be laid on things not only derided by Men of Atheistical Spirits but in themselves such as cannot be discerned by any but such as do believe on what Grounds can we proceed to convince an Unbeliever Answer 1. By the way it is one thing to prove and believe the Doctrine of Christ to be True and Divine another to prove and believe the Scripture to be given by Inspiration of God or the Divine Authority of the Scripture which alone was proposed unto Consideration A Doctrine True and Divine may be written in and proposed unto us by Writings that were not divinely and infallibly inspired and so might the Doctrine of Christ have been but not without the unspeakable Disadvantage of the Church And there are sundry Arguments which forcibly and effectually prove the Doctrine of Christ to have been True and Divine which are not of any Efficacy to prove the Divine Authority of the Scriptures though on the other hand whatever doth prove the Divine Authority of the Scriptures doth equally prove the Divine Truth of the Doctrine of Christ. 2. There are two Ways of convincing Vnbelievers the one insisted on by the Apostles and their Followers the other by some learned Men since their Days The Way principally insisted on by the Apostles was by preaching the Word it self unto them in the Evidence and Demonstration of the Spirit by the Power whereof manifesting the Authority of God in it they were convinced and falling down acknowledged God to be in it of a Truth 1 Cor. 2. 4 5. ch 14. 25 26. It is likely that in this their Proposal of the Gospel the Doctrine and Truths contained in it unto Unbelievers that those of Atheistical Spirits would both deride them and it and so indeed it came to pass many esteeming themselves to be Bablers and their Doctrine to be errant Folly But yet they desisted not from pursuing their Work in the same way whereunto God gave success The other VVay is to prove unto Vnbelievers that the Scripture is True and Divine by rational Arguments wherein some learned Persons have laboured especially in these last Ages to very good purpose And certainly their Labours are greatly to be commended whilst they attend unto these Rules 1. That they produce no Arguments but such as are cogent and not liable unto just Exceptions For if to manifest their own Skill or Learning they plead such Reasons as are capable of an Answer and Solution they exceedingly prejudice the Truth by subjecting it unto dubious Disputations whereas in it self it is Clear Firm and Sacred 2. That they do not pretend their rational Grounds and Arguments to be the Sole Foundation that Faith hath to rest upon or which it is resolved into For this were the ready way to set up an Opinion instead of Faith Supernatural and Divine Accept but of these two Limitations and it is acknowledged that the rational Grounds and Arguments intended may be rationally pleaded and ought so to be unto the Conviction of Gainsayers For no Man doth so plead the self-evidencing Power of the Scripture as to deny that the Use of other external Motives and Arguments is necessary to stop the Mouths of Atheists as also unto the further Establishment of them who do believe These Things are subordinate and no way inconsistent The Truth is if we will attend unto our own and the Experience of the whole Church of God the way whereby we come to believe the Scripture to be the Word of God ordinarily is this and no other God having first given his Word as the Foundation of our Faith and Obedience hath appointed the Ministry of Men at first extraordinary afterwards ordinary to propose unto us the Doctrines Truths Precepts Promises and Threatnings contained therein Together with this Proposition of them they are appointed to declare that these things are not from themselves nor of their own Invention 2 Tim. 3. 14 15 16 17. And this is done variously Unto some the VVord of God in this Ministry thus comes or is thus proposed preached or declared whilst they are in a Condition not only utterly unacquainted with the Mysteries of it but filled with contrary Apprehensions and consequently Prejudices against it Thus it came of old unto the Pagan World and must do so unto such Persons and Nations as are yet in the same state with them Unto these the first Preachers of the Gospel did not produce the Book of the Scriptures and tell them that it was the Word of God and that it would evidence it self unto them so to be For this had been to despise the Wisdom and Authority of God in their own Ministry But they preached the Doctrines of it unto them grounding themselves on the Divine Revelation contained therein And this Proposition of the Truth or Preaching of the Gospel was not left of God to work it self into the Reasons of Men by the Suitableness of it thereunto but being his own Institution for their Illumination and Conversion he accompanied it with Divine Power and made it effectual unto the Ends designed Rom. 1. 16. And the Event hereof among Mankind was that by some this new Doctrine was derided and scorned by others whose Hearts God opened to attend unto it it was embraced and submitted unto Among those who after the Propagation of the Gospel are born as they say within the Pale of the Church the same Doctrine is variously instilled into Persons according unto the several Duties and Concerns of others to instruct them Principally the Ministry of the Word is ordained of God unto that End wheron the Church is the Ground and Pillar of Truth Those of both Sorts unto whom the Doctrine mentioned is preached or proposed are directed unto the Scriptures as the Sacred Repository thereof For they are told that these things come by Revelation from God and that Revelation is contained in the Bible which is his Word Upon this Proposal with Enquiry into it and Consideration of it God co-operating by his Spirit there is that Evidence of its Divine Original communicated unto their Minds through its Power and Efficacy with the Characters of Divine Wisdom and Holiness implanted on it which they are now enabled to discern that they believe it and rest in it as the immediate Word of God Thus was it in the Case of the Woman of Samaria and the Inhabitants of Sychar with respect unto their Faith in Christ Jesus John 4. 42. This is the way whereby Men ordinarily are brought to believe the Word of God Rom. 10. 14 15. and that neither by external Arguments or Motives which no one Soul was ever converted unto God by nor by any meer naked Proposal and Offer of the Book unto them