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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14315	The foure bookes of Flauius Vegetius Renatus briefelye contayninge a plaine forme, and perfect knowledge of martiall policye, feates of chiualrie, and vvhatsoeuer pertayneth to warre. Translated out af [sic] lattine, into Englishe, by Iohn Sadler. Anno. 1572. Seene and allovved, accordinge to the order appointed.; De re militari. English	Vegetius Renatus, Flavius.; Sadler, John, d. ca. 1595.	1572 (1572)	STC 24631; ESTC S119043	105,292	170

which neuerthelesse may be vsed so farre forth as shall seeme expedient and as occasion may serue time requyre Wherefore wheras the whole woorke of Vegetiu● is deuided into foure Bookes I thinke it not vnmeete to shewe briefelye what is chiefelye intreated in euery one of the same In the first booke he setteth forth two thinges principallye First the musteringe chosinge and appointinge of yonge souldiours wher in he requireth of the choosers most faythfull and painfull dilligence that they do cyrcumspectly consider and vewe not onlye the countryes and places where they were bred and brought vp their age their staure their behauiour the good making proportion of their bodyes the quickenes of their eyes and countenaunce but also the trades and sciences wherein they haue beene most occupyed vsed their strength swiftnes nimblenes actiuitye by which likelyhoodes and tokens it might well appeare which would be most meete for so greate a worke And in the well choosing of these doth consist the chiefest hope not onlye for the strength of the armye but also for acchieuing the victorye Secondly he setteth forth the trayninge vppe of the yonge souldiours well chosen with dailye vse and exercise wherevpon it came to passe y an armye in latine was called Exercitus to the intent it should be euer in labour practise and neuer forget to what ende it was so named Wherein he first sheweth that they must learne and exercise to march in battell raye to runne to leape to swimme to strike hansomely cunninglye to vse al kinde of weapons to shoote to cast dartes to cast stones with slinges or with hande to mount on horses to carrye weight to fortefye the Campe to caste and scoure trenches with other kindes of exercises to long here at this time to be recyted In the seconde booke he deuideth the feates of warre into certaine kindes he describeth the partes of an army which amonge diuers nations were diuerslye named but the Romaines called them Legions Ab eligendo which word he sayth requyreth their fayth and diligence by whom the souldiours are to be allowed or refused He sheweth how many cohortes or bandes of souldiours should be in one Legion how manye or how fewe Legions the Romaines vsed to leade in one army he setteth forth the names and degrees of the principall men of the host he declareth the offices of all the Captaynes and gouernours the lieuetenaunt the Martiall the Centurions peticaptaines and all other rulers and officers of the whole armye he describeth the troupes of the horsemen and as well the names as the offices of the Captaines of euerye bande Manye other thinges also hee toucheth concerninge the Standerds banners ensignes and flagges yea and the offices of the Trumpetters by whose sound it is knowē when the souldiours should set forward to anye worke when they should fighte or staye when they should followe the chase or when they should retyre Thus with many other notable thinges to be knowen and partlye with a vehement exhortation to the diligent exercise of the feates of warre and partly with a briefe rehersal of certaine tooles and engines vsed to be caryed with the armye he concludeth the seconde booke In the thirde hee teacheth howe an armye well appointed and enstructed as is aforesayd maye nowe be brought to the fielde and ioyne wyth the aduersaryes But first hee sheeweth howe the health of the hoast should be preserued what regarde should be had that graine forage and victualles should be prouided for and kepte howe the chiefe Captaines should keepe the souldiours in quiet from sedition and vprore howe warelye and cyrcumspectlye the armye shoulde be ledde when at any time it remoueth howe to passe ryuers and other daungerous places How greate consideration oughte to be whether they should fight in skirmishe or set battel the chiefe Captaynes great carefulnesse before they ioyne battell in tryinge the courage of his souldiours in chosinge ameete place for to fighte in in settinge them in suche order and araye that they be not easelye ouercome Which thinges for that they cannot be comprehended in fewe wordes and the Author discourseth of them at large in many Chapters I referre the Readers to the selfe same Author who doth so perfectlye set forth such notable deuises and pollicyes such skilfulnes and knowledge such prouidence warenes as ought to be in such a man to whom the worthye honours of so greate power and authoritie are ascribed that vnto his fidelitye vertue and manhoode that I maye here vse the very wordes of Vegetius the defence of Cittyes the lyues of the souldiours the renowne of the common wealth may safely be committed After these he declareth certaine generall rules of warre and so endeth his third booke In the fourth booke he treateth of the besieginge and defendinge of Cittyes wherein he first speaketh of the buildinge and fortefyinge of the same and what foresight should be if a Cittye be besieged that it suffer not famyne what pollicy may be vsed if water salt strings or cordes and suche like shoulde fayle in the Cittye He reherseth also a nomber of engines and much ordinaunce vsed in those dayes in the besieginge of Cittyes the description whereof who so list to know more at large let him reade the tenth and eleuenth booke of Robertus Valturius Also he geueth certaine preceptes and rules of warres vppon the sea in which he sheweth what kinde of shippes were most necessarye and commodious for the purpose and how dilligentlye the same were made in what monethes and seasons of the yeare timber should be felled he nameth and nombreth the windes he sheweth when it is good to sayle when not he speaketh of certayne signes and tokens whereby mariners maye foreknowe fayre weather or foule calme or tempest then describing certaine armour and ordinaunce for shippes he briefelye teacheth howe to lye in waite and also howe to ioyne open battell on the sea and thus endeth he his fourth and last booke of the institutions of warre In all whiche worke briefelye and plainlye is contained not onlye as I saide before a methode or compendious waye but also a perfect knowledge and arte of warre to the which if painefull dilligence and experience be ioyned what let shoulde be but that no lesse worthines ●ud excellencye appeare in warriours of these our dayes then hath beene founde in the most famous Captaynes before our time to the which not experience alone brought them but diligente learninge and studyinge of the feates of warre written and set forth both by historicall writers Poets a●d by such also as this our present Author Vegetius is Innumerable examples might be here recyted but passing ouer all the residue for shortnes of time two of the chiefest may suffice Alexander the great who in short space subdued the greatest part of the world had alwayes the Poet Homer layd vnder his beddes heade in whom he might beholde the office as well

of excellent Princes as of most worthye Captaynes Iulius Caesar howe greatlye he was geeuen to this kinde of studye it doth most euidentlye appeare by such notable bookes as he hath written and intitled Commentaryes And surelye in mine opinion it seemeth a farre better and shorter waye to attaine to the name of a worthye and perfecte Captaine to ioyne experience vnto knowledge then to get knowledge by experience For mans life being short and subiect to manye casualtyes oftentimees is cutte of before it can come to anye such perfection as is requyred in an excellent man of warre whereas small experience with diligente readinge and perfecte learninge of feates of ware maye frame and make manye polliticke Captaynes in a shorter space I do not meane that knowledge withoute experience can do anye great thinge at all but beinge ioyned both together doubtles they maye be as able to bringe to passe as great and marueilous thinges in valiant men in these our dayes as they haue beene in manye noble men before our time as namely in those most worthy and famous conquerours whom partly for breuityes sake partly for honours sake I mentioned before whereof Alexander the greate as Iustine and others do witnes neuer foughte with anye ennemyes whom he did not vanquish and ouercome and howe Iulius Caesar did preuaile his historyes do declare who being much inferiour in nomber to his ennemyes was so skilfull and experte in the ordering of his battelles that as it were before throughlye assured he woulde foretell to his men euen in this bande naminge and pointinge oute the same shall consist the victory which should afterward euen so come to passe as you maye reade in the greatest and last conflicte betweene him and Pompeie besydes other places in the thirde booke of the Romayne cyuill warres Presupposinge that I haue sayde sufficientlye for the exhortinge of thee gentle Reader to the ouerlookinge of this booke as well for the necessarye matter therein contayned as for causes by occasion chauncinge from time to time whereby the same matter maye neede to be practsed with hope of thy good pardon for anye my faultes whatsoeuer as thou mayest seeme rather to encourage then discourage mee I committe thee to Almightye GOD and to the readinge of my Author Flauius Vegetius rudelye yet profitably hereafter speakinge in Englishe Farewell Christopheri Carlili Saphphica ARte qui quauis patriam tuetur In domo diuûm locus est paratus Id facit Sadler patet ergo coeli Porta supremi Nonne constanter patriam tuetur Qui modos tradit quibus amouentur Hostium fraudes furiae rebelles Insidiaeque Scire vis turmas equitum locare Copias crebras peditum legantur Quae dat interpres Vegetj lat●●i Ore Britanno Scire vis quid sit manus atque turma Quid cohors alae legio balista Quidque sit quincunx aries duelli Cornua bina Scire vis qui sit locus atque tempus Machinae martis celeres biremes Classium portus sonitus tubarum Palladis arma Bellicum quid sit lituus sonorus Tela bellonae docetid polita Arte Sadlerus facit vt regustet Angla inuentus ▪ Anglicae pubi dedit haee legenda Cura Sadleri monumenta sunto Digna quae cedro simul ac cupresso Perpetuentur Thomas Dranta BElla virosque canit Sadlerus tempora belli Castra acies fossas spicula tela duces Perbellè facit is bellum qui rite repandit Aurea per bellum pax solet essere dux Edocuit bellum bellum Deus ipse probauit Si bellum belli tunc probatilli librum Sic Sadlere tibi multum pax bellaque debent Sic Deus librum te probat atque tuum Thomas Drante To write of peace is good to wryte of warre is gaye and good for God himselfe taught Dauids hands to fraye ▪ Warre faughtē right is good such warre doth Sadler tell the fact he doth is right the worke he wrytes is well In I. Sadlerum eiusque versionem Gulielmus Iacobus DVra quod vt nuper nunc non sint scripta Veget● Dic cuius studio cuius ingenio Dic mihi quis castris Anglus quis tantus in armis Sic quis ad arma vocet sic sua crastra locet Dic quis tam doctus sic explicat omnia doctè Sic aptè loquitur sic sua bella parat Denique dic quis sit sapienter tempore in isto Adfert qui patriae commoda tanta suae Vnus is èmultis vel dicam ex omnibus vnus Qui facit vt durum hoc non videatur opus Qui dedit effigiem belli quasi clarus in armis Bella paransisto commodiora modo Qui docte scripsit posuit nec quid nisi rectè Qui prudens isto tempore bella parat Est is Sadlerus qui sic sentitque sapitque Hec fiunt studio cuius ingenio In Vegetium quem I.S. Anglicè loquentem fecit Gulielmi Charci carmen CAstra quid campi possint virtusque dolusque Scripsit Vegetius nobile Martis opus Quas habeant artes terrestria praelia scripsit Et quae Neptuni bella geruntur aquis Quas teneant equites classes peditesque phalanges Et qui cui turmae fortior ordo siet Vt celeres alae possint volitare per agros vt possis cuneos hostibus incutere Vt formas formae superent vtque hostibus hostes Fortius occurrant agminaque agminibus Haec eadem Martis magna ornamenta potentis Aptum opus gratum terra Britanna tibi Sadlerus sermone dedit cultuque Britanno Vtere nam rebus maximus vsus inest William Bulleyne THe fruites of fearefull warre eche wight maye plainly knowe It is the rodde from God aboue to vs that dwell belowe A blessing rich it is in deede where God doth winne the fielde Or els a triple plague God wotte to vse the sword or shielde By warre most lands Cittyes great were wonne and still do stand By warre Nauyes and gallyes swift haue gayned many a lande Euen so great fortes and walled townes by warres ouerthrowne Sometime agayne the Nauyes great in stormes are ouerblowne And captiues great in bondage ledde which neuer backe returnes And bloudye corpes in streete lye dead the fyer consumes burnes The buildinges fayre and antiques olde in bedde the child is slaine The Temples huge are cast a downe nothinge doth els remayne But hunger plague bloudy woundes the mother her child doth ea●e Dunge is daintye to hungrye slaues when they do dye for meate Why then feare God loue wel your Prince esteeme the man of warre For they do garde eche common wealth chase thine ennemye farre Geue peace good God in these our dayes for thou dost for vs fight Preserue the Church defende the Queene and people daye and nighte And Sadler then for his rewarde d●e prayses let him haue Take in good part his diligence els nothing doth he craue The Prince to chiefe rule The Preacher to the worde The Lawyer

foresighte and pollicye to withstande the same is to be vsed Neyther hath there beene that I haue hearde or reade of anye common wealthe or Realme fo fortunate and blessed that it hath enioyned continual peace and quietnes any long time excepte the Prince of peace euen God himselfe which also is the Lord of Hostes haue taken in hand the defence thereof Which thing no doubt of his aboundant goodnes he sheeweth vpon certaine people and countryes when as he ●endes them good and gracious Princes wyse and godly gouernours Which ruled by the spirite of God may so order keepe the whole common wealth and state of their Realme throughe their great wysedome learninge and pollicye that no disobedience of subiectes to theyr Prince may be founde vncorrected no disquietnes or trouble amongest them vnappeased no force of forraine ennemyes vnforeseene vnwithstoode vnrepelled In which happye estate that this our Realme of England at this present is and hath also continued euen from the first beginning of this our most noble and gracious Queenes maiestyes raigne All true and faythfull English hartes to their great ioye must needes acknowledge yeldinge to God the onlye Author thereof most manifoulde and hartye thankes for the same moste humblye besechinge his eternall goodnes longe to preserue her excellente maiestye to rule ouer vs whose most noble raig●e being not onlye most happye throughe the lightsome shyninge of gods most holye word the zelous setting forth thereof and prosperous successe of the same but also fortunate and blessed as well with great aboundance and plentye of all kindes of frutes of the earth as the continuall quiet and safe enioyinge of them maye be to all good Englishe men a sure euiden●e token of Gods highe fauour and especiall grace declared ouer this Realme and to all the worlde a spectacle of moste wyse and polliticke gouernmente Whereas contrariwyse it is not vnknowen howe that a greate parte of the worlde nighe vnto vs hath these yeares late passed eyther beene cruellye afflicted with greuous warres or not altogether free and cleare from great vexations tro●bles And although some of la●e here in this Realme hath gone about by rebellion to impayre this state yet as neyther they whiche haue attempted such enterprises in former tymes haue bene knowen or harde tell of at anye time to haue preuayled so neyther these nor whosoeuer hereafter wil be so madde to treade in such like steppes can escape eyther like successe as they haue had or rather worse to speake more trulye which they seeme iustlye to haue deserued Seinge therefore that the good pleasure and prouidence of God hath so prepared for vs and bestowed vppon vs such a pearelesse Prince so noble and worthy coūsellers that except men will be wilfullye blinde they all maye see wyth their eyes the goodnes of their gouernmente let all vs Englishem●n as true and faythfull subiectes applye oure selues by all meanes possible to obeye her maiestye ▪ to keepe her lawes to be ready alwayes at her commaundement Who ceaseth not to prouide foresee and care for our safegarde wealth and quietnes as well in time of peace as in warre Which thinges partlye I touched before and nowe occasion s●rueth to speake more of the same againe For although the one seeme more to be wyshed for then the other yet be they both by the wil pleasure of God lefte in the handes of princes to be vsed as time and other cyrcumstances shall requyre And for that Pax seemeth to be deriued a Pactione as some do write what time as Princes haue agreed and concluded of good and holsome conditions of peace so longe doth the league of peace endure as such conditions are well obserued kept but if the same be ones violate and broken then commonly do warres ensue whiche althoughe they seeme neuer so troublesome and full of daunger yet must they needes be taken in hand not only with strength and manhoode but also wyth skill and pollicye For as after calme pleasant weather when sodainly a tempestuous storme doth ryse then by profe doth appeare what the gouernour of the shippe is able to do if hee lacke skill knowledge the shippe and all therein is like to perishe if he be cunning and expert he may deliuer it from shipwracke euen so when after longe continual peace greuous warres do fortune then do valiante Captaynes shewe their worthye manhoode not with hardines alone but with pollicy and knowledge Seing therefore that as fayre weather manye times is altered with stormes and tempest so peace oftentimes is chaūged with warres what thing can be more expedient necessarye to the cōmon wealth then to haue in readines pollitike and valiante Captaynes experte and manlye souldiours which with their skilfull experience and tryed knowledge maye in daungerous times of warres do highe seruice to God their Prince and their countrye while they fighte not onlye for their owne liues their wyues and children but also for the common libertye and wealth of al the honoure of their Prince the defence and sauegarde of the whole estate For which intente and purpose the readinge not onlye of the best historicall writers both in Greke and latine wherin most noble actes of famous Captaynes are liuely set forth as notable examples to be followed but also of such worthye Authors as haue with great studye trauaile gathered out of the best historyes the chiefest pointes and deuices of warres and beinge dispersed farre abroade in manye diuers and sundrye bookes haue brought the same into a certayne forme and knowledge of the feates of armes may seeme to all men of warre and namelye to such to whom the charge of great multitudes oftentimes is committed neyther vnworthye the reading nor altogether vnprofitable Wherein in myne opinion this our Author Flauius Vegetius obteyneth the chiefest prayse who beinge commaunded by Valentinianus Augustus to put in wryting the practises and deuises of Martiall pollicye hath framed compacte together such a worke which he calleth Institutiōs that it may be accompted as it were a very methode or most ready compendious waye to the right knowledge and science of the feates of warre And althoughe the warres in these oure dayes seeme much unlike to the Romaine warres before Vegetius time by reason of a greate nomber of engines and other feates then vsed whereof now many are out of vse and many mo now inuented which then were vnknowen yet maye this worke appeare not altogether vnworthye to be knowen of our men of warre wherein as it were in a glasse they may most clearelye see not onlye how that the Romaynes throughe suche skill and k●owledge and continuall exercise therof as is herein declared haue vanquished and ouercome so manye barbarous and straunge Nations subdued so manye prouinces and become Lordes and rulers of the most part of the world but also may gather and choose out the best a and chiefest pointes of all their knowledge