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A25846 Logic, or, The art of thinking in which, besides the common, are contain'd many excellent new rules, very profitable for directing of reason and acquiring of judgment in things as well relating to the instruction of for the excellency of the matter printed many times in French and Latin, and now for publick good translated into English by several hands.; Logique. English. 1685 Arnauld, Antoine, 1612-1694.; Nicole, Pierre, 1625-1695. 1685 (1685) Wing A3723; ESTC R7858 106,112 258

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LOGIC OR THE ART OF THINKING IN WHICH Besides the Common are contain'd many excellent New Rules very profitable for directing of Reason and acquiring of Judgment in things as well relating to the Instruction of a Mans self as of others In Four Parts The First Consisting of Reflections upon Ideas or upon the first Operation of the Mind which is called Apprehension c. The Second of Considerations of Men about Proper Judgments c. The Third of the Nature and various kinds of Reasoning c. The Fourth Treats of the most profitable Method for demonstrating or illustrating any Truth c. TO WHICH Is added an INDEX to the whole BOOK For the Excellency of the Matter Printed many times in French and Latin and now for Publick Good translated into English by SEVERAL HANDS LONDON Printed by T. B. for H. Sawbridge at the Bible on Ludgate-hill 1685. AN ADVERTISEMENT OF THE AUTHOR THIS Small Treatise is altogether more beholding for its Birth to Fortune or rather to an Accident of Divertisement then to any serious Design For it happen'd That a Person of Quality entertaining a Young Nobleman who made appear a Solidity of Judgment and a Penetration of Wit much above his years among other Discourse told him that when he himself was a Young Man he had met with a Person from whom in fifteen days time he had learnt the greatest and most material Part of Logic. This Discourse gave occasion to another Person then present and one who was no great Admirer of that Science to answer with a Smile of Contempt That if Monsieur would give himself the trouble he would undertake to teach him all that was of any use in the so much cry'd up Art of Logic in four or five Days Which Proposal made in the Air having for some time serv'd us for Pastime I resolv'd to make an Essay And because I did not think the vulgar Logic's either Compendiously or Politely written I design'd an Abridgment for the particular use of the Young Gentleman himself This was the only Aim I had when I first began the Work nor did I think to have spent above a day about it But so soon as I had set my self to work so many new Reflections crowded into my Thoughts that I was constrain'd to write 'em down for the discharge of my Memory So that instead of one day I spent four or five during which time this Body of Logic was form'd to which afterwards several other things were added Now tho it swell'd to a greater Bulk of Matter then was at first intended yet had the Essay the same success which I at first expected For the young Nobleman having reduc'd the whole into four Tables he learnt with ease one a day without any assistance of a Teacher Tho true it is we cannot expect that others should be so nimble as he who had a Wit altogether extraordinary and prompt to attain whatever depended upon the Understanding And this was the accidental occasion that produc'd this Treatise But now whatever censure it may undergo in the World I cannot be justly blam'd for committing it to the Press since it was rather a forc'd then voluntary Act. For several Persons having obtain'd Copies of it in Writing which cannot well be done without several Errors of the Pen and understanding withal That several Booksellers were about to Print it I thought it better to send it into the World corrected and entire than to let it be Printed from defective Manuscripts But then again I thought my self oblig'd to make divers Additions which swell'd it above a Third Part believing the Limits of the First Essay too short for a Public View And to that purpose we have made it the Subject of the following Discourse to explain the End which we propose to our selves and the reason why we have included so much variety of Matter THE TRANSLATORS TO THE READER THE Common Treatises of LOGIC are almost without number and while every Author strives to add something of his own sometimes little to the purpose sometimes altogether from the matter the Art is become not only Obscure and Tedious but in a great measure Impertinent and Vseless Thus the Schoolmen may be said to have clogg'd and fetter'd Reason which ought to be free as Air and plain as Demonstration it self with vain misapplications of this Art to Notion and Nicety while they make use of it only to maintain litigious Cavils and wrangling Disputes So that indeed the common LOGICS are but as so many Counterscarps to shelter the obstinate and vain-glorious that disdain Submission and Convincement and therefore retire within their Fortifications of difficult Terms wrap themselves up in Quirk and Suttlety and so escape from Reason in the Clouds and Mists of their own Raising For remedy of which we are beholden to this Famous Author who has at length recover'd this Art then a noble Science when not Pedantic from Night and Confusion clear'd away the Rubbish that oppress'd it and prun'd off those Vnderwoods and superfluous Boughs that overshaded and ecclipsed the light of true Reason so that now LOGIC may be said to appear like Truth it self naked and delightful as being freed from the Pedantic Dust of the Schools It has had this Influence upon the World already that several Books have been already Written from the Rules of this LOGIC not only by the Author himself no less Celebrated for his Writings then for many other worthy Actions that recommend him to the Commonwealth of Learning Nor is his diligence in this particular less to be applauded for having cleans'd the Augean Stables of so many Systems from studied Barbarism and Delirium For which reason this LOGIC was thrice Reprinted in France so great was the satisfaction in those Parts and likewise Translated into Latin for Vniversal Benefit and now is rendered into English as being a Small Treatise no less Vseful for the Conduct of Human Life than to instruct and guide us wandring in the Labyrinths of Unsettl'd Reason Let not the Reader slightly pass these Pages over but seriously digest This Art of Thinking and being digested let him disperse the Applications into all the Judgments which he makes of Things and into all the Actions of his Life if Knowledg and Understanding be his Aim THE FIRST DISCOURSE Shewing the DESIGN Of this New Logic. THERE is nothing more worthy of Esteem than soundness of Judgment and an exact measure of Wit to discern between truth and falshood All the other faculties of the Mind are of singular use but exactness of Reason is universally profitable upon all occasions and in all the employments of Life For it is not only in the Sciences that it is a difficult thing to discern truth from error but also in all those affairs and actions both of the Body and Mind which are the subjects of human discourse There is in every one a signal difference while some are true and some are false and therefore it