Frost and Snow Sepulchre opened Two houses Houshold stuffe Third discouerie Extreme cold Gramâ—us Bay Thâ—y found Grampuses dead two inches thicke of fat and fiue or six paces long A good Harbour Two great Wolues Thunder Conference with Sauages Patuxet People all dead of a plague Masasoyts Nausites Hunts wickednesse Sâ—uâ—geâ— dâ—sâ—ribed The agreements of peace betweene vs and Massasoyt A iourney to Packanokik the Habitation of the Great King Massasoyâ— 1621. Great plague Royall entertainment Games Hungrie fare A Voyage made by ten of our men oâ—the Kingdome of Nauset to seek a Boy that had lost himselfe in the Woods with such accidents as besell vs in that Voyage The Boy is restored Snakes skin defiance Towne impaled Tisquantum trechâ—â—y Plagy 〈◊〉 Master Westons planters which plâ—id the wâ—sps with English and Sauages Two Ships Helpe f 〈…〉 Master Iones A Plague Note Honest Sauages Namasket Manomet Sauages great gamsters Iust iealousie Base Summer and Winter Dutch Ship Visitations of the sicke Reports of Massassowats death His commendation Miserable comforters He reuealeth the trechery of the Massachusets Their name of God Indians into lence Sauages slain Sauage Englishmen An. 1623. Great drought Publike Fast. Gracious dewes Indians coniuration M. Tomson a Scot his Plantation Day of thanks Two Ships Their Religion The meaning of the word â—â—eâ—tan I think hath reference â—o Antiquity for Chise is an old man and Kiâ—hchise a man that exceedeâ—h in agâ— Iâ—e maledicti Their Deuill Powah or Priest Offerings Sacrifices Burnt offring The Deuill keeps his seruants poore Their Knights Pnieses valourous counsellours Bitter trialls Sachim or Lords Tribu 〈…〉 Mourning foâ— the dead Burialls Womens slauery Manhood Names Maids wiues Adulterie and whooredome Theft Murther Crying a cowards note Apparell Wittie people Their Arts. Note Language Registers The Country New England an Iland Seasons Dayes Soyle Corne * For the Description incouragements to this designe and for better knowledge of New Scotland besides a Book purposely published by the Honourable learned Author who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter forwards the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke that description of the Countrey of Mawâ—oshen which I haue added hereto An. 1623. Lukes Bay Fit place for a Plantation Port Iolly Port Negro This description of Mawooshen I had amongst M. Hakluyts papers Climate and quantitie Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois 1. Quibequesson Riuer Asticon Sagamo A great Lake 2. Pâ—maquid riuer A great Lake Anadabis Three townes Bashabes Caiocame 3. Ramassoc Panobscâ—t a Towne 4. Apanawapeske 5. Apanmensek A Lâ—ke Another Lake All the Lakes full of Fish Beeues and sweet Rats 6. Aponeg 7. Aponeg 8. Sagadahoc Here C. Popham builâ— S. Georges Fort and planted Great Sound Tâ—o Lakes A great Iland Kenebeke 9. Ashamabaga 10. Shawakâ—toc A Lake foure dayes iourney long 2 broad Voyage in eight daies Fishermens kinde assistances State of the weather in Autumne and Winter I haue by me a written iournall declaring the winde and weather of euery day from 24. Nouember 1610. till the last of Aprill 1611. but thought it would seeme ted ous the substance thereof being here contained Moderate Frosta Spring Healthfulnes Homicide dieth for thought Imployment of the Colony English Corne Fowle and Cattle prosper there Medow Deere Copper kettle Their houses described Their Oares Sauages Their fashions Their Canoas The situation of the Country The temperature of the Ayre The Inhabitanes with their nature and customes The conueniency of the Bayes in that Countrie Commodious Ilands worthy Harbours Trinitie Harbor affording diuers good commodities Sauages liuing neer to Trinitie Harbour The bottoms of diuers Baies meeting neere together The Harbour of Trepassey lying commodiously The fertiltie of the soyle Seuerall sorts of Fruits there growing Herbs Flowers both pleasant and medicinable Corn growing there yeelding good increase Store of Deere other Beasts A rare example of the gentle nature of the Beasts of that Country M Guies Mastâ—â—e Greyhound vsed a Wolfe there more doggedly one pulling out the throat the other the belly Great store of Land Fowle Water Fowle Penguins Fresh water and Springs Many sorts of Timber there growing Good hope of Mines and making of Iron and Pitch Fish in great abundance Cod-fishing a great hope of benefit therefrom The benefit arising to France Spaine and Italy from fishing vpon those coasts 250. saile of Shipslying vpon that coast Anno 1615. What the valew of the Fish con tained in most Ships did amount vnto The relief that the trading there will afford to seuerall sorts of people * After this the author vseth reasons to perswade to a Plantation there which I haue omitted as busied in history The Book is common to such as desire to reade it I haue also omit ted his Admiralty commission and proceedings Commoditieâ— vsed by the Natiues This was the last Letter sent into England the yeere before 1621. They were but twelue men all the last Winter vnti 〈…〉 the new supply came in the Spring following Temperate Winter Bristow Plantation Salt made there Abuses of Fishermen The Fiâ—â—ts sâ—â— forth by queen Elizabeth Sup. pag. 108◠〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â— 17. 6. Her persecution from the Papacie from the wombe In queen Maries daies French wrongs Q. Elizabeths prosperitie See of Gods mercies in this other kinds the B. of Chichister his Religious Tractate of Thanksgiuing See also Camdens Elizabetha and others Anuales of her Reigne Arthur Poole of the house of George Duke of Clarence Ann. 1569. Pius his impious Bull. Irish action Don Iohn base son of Charles Emperour 1576. A. 1572. Greg. 13. confirmeth the sentence against Q. Elis-Stuklys trea on A. 1578. 1579. 1580. Sanders Author of the booke De visiâ— Monarch of the forged tale De schismate Anglicano in which he abuseth the queens Mother with grosse lies neuer before een or dreams of by the sharpest and spitefullesâ— eyes which Malice could entertain euen then when she was most malicious most serpent sighted * 15â—3 * 1584. Mendoza Throckmorton Creighton papers Assoâ—iation Pâ—â—ries treason Allens booke Earle of Northumberland Burks Ilandeys â—â—i s in Ireland Babington c. French Embassadâ—urs plot with Moody Lopez Luke 8. 29. Rome Citie of murthers haters of kings * Plin. l. 7. c. 25. * See to 1. l. 8. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 3. 4. 6. l. 2. c. 1 to 2. l. 8. c. 4. c. Present Rome greater manstaier Saintslaier then the Ethnike Priests agents in euery treason The Pope Master Workman Allen or Alan was by Spanish procurement made Cardinall for this purpose and to this purpose had written a violent booke which heartned Parry to vndertake to kil the Queen He and Bristow Martin were Authors of the Rhemish Translation and Notes of the N. T. Papall pretended causes of depriuing the Queene Fugitiues impotent Zeale
season there one may see Orange-trees Lymmon-trees Fig-trees Pomgranat-trees and all such sorts of trees bring forth fruit as good as in Prouence The Sauages vse sweatings often as it were euery moneth and by this meanes they preserue themselues driuing out by sweate all the cold and euill humours they might haue gathered But one singular preseruatiue against this perfidious sicknesse which commeth so stealingly and which hauing once lodged it selfe within vs will not bee put out is to follow the counsell of him that is wife amonst the wise who hauing considered all the afflictions that man giue to himselfe during his life hath found nothing better then to reioyce himselfe and doe good 〈◊〉 take pleasure in his owne workes They that haue done so in our companie haue found themse 〈…〉 s well by it contrariwise some alwaies grudging repining neuer content idle haue beene found out by the same disease True it is that for to enioy mirth it is good to haue the sweetnesse of fresh meates Fleshes Fishes Milke Butter Oyles Fruits and such like which wee had not at will I meane the common sort for alwaies some one or other of the companie did furnish Monsieur de Poutrincourt his Table with Wilde-fowle Venison or fresh Fish And if wee had halfe a dozen Kine I beleeue that no body had died there It resteth a preseruatiue necessary for the accomplishment of mirth and to the end one may take pleasure on the worke of his hands is euery one to haue the honest companie of his lawfull wife for without that the cheere is neuer perfect ones minde is alwaies vpon that which one loues and desireth there is still some sorrow the body becomes full of ill humours and so the sicknesse doth breed And for the last and soueraigne remedie I send backe the Patient to the tree of life for so one may well qualifie it which Iames Quartier doth call Anneda yet vnknowne in the coast of Port Royall vnlesse it bee peraduenture the Sasafras whereof there is quantitie in certaine places And it is an assured thing that the said tree is very excellent But Monsieur Champlain who is now in the great Riuer of Canada passing his Winter in the same part where the said Quartier did winter hath charge to finde it out and to make prouision thereof THe rough season being passed Monsieur de Monts wearied with his bad dwelling at Saint Croix determined to seeke out another Port in a warmer Countrie and more to the South And to that end made a Pinnace to bee armed and furnished with victuals to follow the coast and discouering new Countries to seeke out some happier Port in a more temperate aire Hee made in this Voyage but about an hundred and twenty leagues as wee will tell you now From Saint Croix to sixty leagues forward the coast lieth East and West at the end of which sixty leagues is a Riuer called by the Sauages Kinibeki From which place to Malebarre it lieth North and South and there is yet from one to the other sixty leagues in right line not following the Bayes So farre stretcheth Monsieur de Monts his Voyage wherein hee had for Pilot in his Vessell Monsieur de Champdore In all this Coast so farre as Kinibeki there are many places where shippes may bee harboured amongst the Ilands but the people there is not so frequent as is beyond that And there is no remarkable thing at least that may bee seene in the outside of the Lands but a Riuer whereof many haue written fables one after another I will recite that which is in the last Booke intituled The vniuersall Historie of the West Indies Printed at Douay the last yeere 1607. in the place where hee speaketh of Norombega For in reporting this I shall haue also said that which the first haue written from whom they haue had it Moreouer towards the North sayth the Authour after hee had spoken of Virginia is Norombega which is knowne well enough by reason of a faire Towne and a great Riuer though it is not found from whence it hath his name for the Barbarians doe call it Aguncia At the mouth of this Riuer there is an Iland very fit for fishing The Region that goeth along the Sea doth abound in fish and towards New France there is great number of wilde beasts and is very commodious for hunting the Inhabitants doe liue in the same manner as they of New France If this beautifull Towne hath euer beene in nature I would faine knowe who hath pulled it downe For there is but Cabins heere and there made with pearkes and couered with barkes of trees or with skinnes and both the Riuer and the place inhabited is called Pemptegoet and not Agguncia The Riuer sauing the tide is scarce as the Riuer on that coast because there are not Lands sufficient to produce them by reason of the great Riuer of Canada which runneth like this coast and is not fourescore leagues distant from that place in crossing the Lands which from else-where receiued many Riuers falling from those parts which are towards Norombega At the entrie whereof it is so farre from hauing but one Iland that rather the number thereof is almost infinite for as much as this Riuer enlarging it selfe like the Greeke Lambda 〈◊〉 the mouth whereof is all full of Iles whereof there is one of them lying very farre off and the formost in the Sea which is high and markable aboue the others But some will say that I equiuocate in the situation of Norombega and that it is not placed where I take it To this I answer that the Author whose words I haue a little before alleaged is in this my sufficient warrant who in his Geographicall Mappe hath placed in the mouth of this Riuer in the 44. degree and his supposed Towne in the 45. wherein we differ but in one degree which is a small matter For the Riuer that I meane is in the 45. degree and as for any Towne there is none Now of necessity it must be this riuer because that the same being passed and that of Kinibeki which is in the same higth there is no other Riuer forward whereof account should be made till one come to Virginia I say furthermore that seeing the Barbarians of Norombega doe liue as they of new France and haue abundance of hunting it must be that their Prouince be sea 〈…〉 our new France for fiftie leagues farther to the South-west there is no great game bec 〈…〉 e the woods are thinner there and the Inhabitants setled and in greater number then in Norombega The Riuer of Norombega being passed Monsieur de Monts went still coasting vntill he came to Kinibeki where a Riuer is that may shorten the way to goe to the great Riuer of Canada There is a number of Sauages Cabined there and the land beginneth there to be better peopled From Kinibeki going farther one findeth the Bay of
that there had bin a generall determination to haue shut vp hatches and commending our sinfull soules to God committed the Shippe to the mercy of the Sea surely that night we must haue done it and that night had we then perished but see the goodnesse and sweet introduction of better hope by our mercifull God giuen vnto vs. Sir George Summers when no man dreamed of such happinesse had discouered and cried Land Indeede the morning now three quarters spent had wonne a little cleerenesse from the dayes before and it being better surueyed the very trees were seene to moue with the winde vpon the shoare side whereupon our Gouernour commanded the Helme-man to beare vp the Boateswaine sounding at the first found it thirteene fathome when we stood a little in seuen fatham and presently heauing his lead the third time had ground at foure fathome and by this we had got her within a mile vnder the South-east point of the land where we had somewhat smooth water But hauing no hope to saue her by comming to an anker in the same we were inforced to runne her ashoare as neere the land as we could which brought vs within three quarters of a mile of shoare and by the mercy of God vnto vs making out our Boates we had ere night brought all our men women and children about the number of one hundred and fifty safe into the Iland We found it to be the dangerous and dreaded Iland or rather Ilands of the Bermuda whereof let mee giue your Ladyship a briefe description before I proceed to my narration And that the rather because they be so terrible to all that euer touched on them and such tempests thunders and other fearefull obiects are seene and heard about them that they be called commonly The Deuils Ilands and are feared and auoyded of all sea trauellers aliue aboue any other place in the world Yet it pleased our mercifull God to make euen this hideous and hated place both the place of our safetie and meanes of our deliuerance And hereby also I hope to deliuer the world from a foule and generall errour it being counted of most that they can be no habitation for Men but rather giuen ouer to Deuils and wicked Spirits whereas indeed wee find them now by experience to bee as habitable and commodious as most Countries of the same climate and situation insomuch as if the entrance into them were as easie as the place it selfe is contenting it had long ere this beene inhabited as well as other Ilands Thus shall we make it appeare That Truth is the daughter of Time and that men ought not to deny euery thing which is not subiect to their owne sense The Bermudas bee broken Ilands fiue hundred of them in manner of an Archipelagus at least if you may call them all Ilands that lie how little soeuer into the Sea and by themselues of small compasse some larger yet then other as time and the Sea hath wonne from them and eaten his passage through and all now lying in the figure of a Croissant within the circuit of sixe or seuen leagues at the most albeit at first it is said of them that they were thirteene or fourteene leagues and more in longitude as I haue heard For no greater distance is it from the Northwest Point to Gates his Bay as by this Map your Ladyship may see in which Sir George Summers who coasted in his Boat about them all tooke great care to expresse the same exactly and full and made his draught perfect for all good occasions and the benefit of such who either in distresse might be brought vpon them or make saile this way It should seeme by the testimony of Gonzalus Ferdinandus Ouiedus in his Booke intituled The Summary or Abridgement of his generall History of the West Indies written to the Emperor Charles the Fift that they haue beene indeed of greater compasse and I easily beleeue it then they are now who thus saith In the yeere 1515. when I came first to informe your Maiesty of the state of the things in India and was the yeere following in Flanders in the time of your most fortunate successe in these your kingdomes of Aragony and Casteel whereas at that voyage I sayled aboue the Iland Bermudas otherwise called Gorza being the farthest of all the Ilands that are yet found at this day in the world and arriuing there at the depth of eight yards of water and distant from the Land as farre as the shot of a Peece of Ordnance I determined to send some of the ship to Land as well to make search of such things as were there as also to leaue in the Iland certaine Hogges for increase but the time not seruing my purpose by reason of contrary winde I could bring my Ships no neerer the Iland being twelue leagues in length and sixteene in breadth and about thirtie in circuit lying in the thirtie three degrees of the North side Thus farre hee True it is the maine Iland or greatest of them now may bee some sixteene miles in length East North-east and West South-west the longest part of it standing in thirtie two degrees and twentie minutes in which is a great Bay on the North side in the North-west end and many broken Ilands in that Sound or Bay and a little round Iland at the South-west end As occasions were offered so we gaue titles and names to certaine places These Ilands are often afflicted and rent with tempests great strokes of thunder lightning and raine in the extreamity of violence which and it may well bee hath so sundred and torne downe the Rockes and whurried whole quarters of Ilands into the maine Sea some sixe some seuen leagues and is like in time to swallow them all so as euen in that distance from the shoare there is no small danger of them and with them of the stormes continually raging from them which once in the full and change commonly of euery Moone Winter or Summer keepe their vnchangeable round and rather thunder then blow from euery corner about them sometimes fortie eight houres together especially if the circle which the Philosophers call Halo were in our being there seene about the Moone at any season which bow indeed appeared there often and would bee of a mightie compasse and breadth I haue not obserued it any where one quarter so great especially about the twentieth of March I saw the greatest when followed vpon the eues eue of the Annuntiation of our Ladie the mightiest blast of lightning and most terrible rap of thunder that euer astonied mortall men I thinke In August September and vntill the end of October wee had very hot and pleasant weather onely as I say thunder lightning and many scattering showers of Raine which would passe swiftly ouer and yet fall with such force and darknesse for the time as if it would neuer bee cleere againe wee wanted not any and of raine more in
vngodly and inhumane also to deny the world to men or like Manger-dogges neither to eat hay themselues nor to suffer the hungry Oxe to prohibite that for others habitation whereof themselues can make no vse or for merchandise whereby much benefit accreweth to both parts They which doe this Tollunt è vita vitae societatem to vse Tullies phrase hominem ex homine tollunt to borrow Saint Ieroms in another matter The Barbarians themselues by light of nature saw this and gaue Ours kind entertainment in mutuall cohabitation and commerce and they hauing not the Law were a Law to themselues practically acknowledging this Law of Nature written by him which is Natura naturans in their hearts from which if they since haue declined they haue lost their owne Naturall and giuen vs another Nationall right their transgression of the Law of Nature which tieth Men to Men in the rights of Natures commons exposing them as a forfeited bond to the chastisement of that common Law of mankind and also on our parts to the seueritie of the Law of Nations which tyeth Nation to Nation And if they bee not worthy of the name of a Nation being wilde and Sauage yet as Slaues bordering rebells excommunicates and out-lawes are lyeble to the punishments of Law and not to the priuiledges So is it with these Barbarians Borderers and Outlawes of Humanity Armatenenti Omnia dat qui iusta negat If the Armes bee iust as in this case of vindicating vnnaturall inhumane wrongs to a louing and profitable Nation entertained voluntarily in time of greatest pretended amity On this quarrell Dauid conquered all the Kingdome of the Ammonites and leâ—â— it to his 〈◊〉 in many generations notwithstanding Moses had otherwise left a speciall caution for their security testifying that God had giuen it the sonnes of Lot and prohibiting inuasion to Israel That natural right of cohabitation and commerce we had with others this of iust inuasion and conquest and many others praeuious to this we haue aboue others so that England may both by Law of Nature and Nations challenge Virginia for her owne peculiar propriety and that by all right and rites vsuall amongst men not those mentioned alone but by others also first discouery first actuall possession prescription gift cession and liuery of seisin sale for price that I mention not the naturall Inheritance of the English their naturally borne and the vnnaturall outcries of so many vnnaturally murthered for iust vengeance of rooting out the authors and actors of so prodigious iniustice And first for discouery the English Spaniard and Portugall seeme the Triumuiri of the Worlds first discoueries the Spaniard and Portugall first opening the Eastern Western and Southern parts the English the Northern America and all known parts thence to the North Northeast I could bring authority for King Arthurs conquests aboue 1000. yeers since in Island Gronland Estotiland but I feare this would seeme too weake a foundation and which lyers get by lying discredit our other authorities lesse suspicious howsoeuer Authors of best note in Geography alledge those which reuerence of the truth makes me let passe And so I doe King Malgo soone after him and Saint Brandon and the Friar of Oxford which A. 1360. is said to discouer to the Pole and Owen Gwined Prince of North Wales his sonne Madock A. 1170. which conueyed a Colony as learned men thinke into the West Indies In all Antiquities as Uarro obserued there are somethings fabulous so I deeme the former something vncertaine as this last and somethings Historicall as that which we shall deliuer Robert Thorne in a Booke to Doctor Leigh writeth that his father with another Merchant of Bristol Hugh Eliot were the first discouerers of the New-found-lands and if the Mariners would haue beene ruled by their Pilot the Lands of the West Indies from whence the Gold commeth had beene ours What yeere this happened he expresseth not but the words import that it was before Columbus his discouery And before Columbus his discouery of the continent Sir Sebastian Cabot at the charges of K. Henry the seuenth with two Caruels in the yeere 1496. so him selfe in Ramusio the Map with his picture in the Priuy Gallery hath 1497. sailed to the New-found land which he called Prima Vista and the Iland S. Iohns because it was discouered on the Feast of S. Iohn Baptist from whence he sailed Northerly to 67. deg and a halfe hoping by that way to passe to Cathay but his mutinous company terrified haply with Ice and cold forced his returne which hee made along the Coast toward the Equinoctiall to the part of the firme land now called Florida and then his victualls failing he returned into England where by occasion of warres with Scotland the imploiment was laid aside Afterwards the same Sir Sebastian Cabot was sent A. 1516. by King Henry the eight together with Sir Thomas Pert Viceadmirall of England which after coasting this Continent the second time as I haue read discouered the Coast of Brasil and returned from thence to S. Domingo and Puerto Rico. Now Columbus his first discouery of the Ilands was in 1492. of the Continent in his third voyage in August 1497. or as others 1498. so that counting most fauourably for Columbus Cabot had discouered the Continent in Iune next before by one reckoning aboue a yeere by another aboue two yeeres before And indeed that New World might more fitly haue borne his name then America of Americus vesputius or of Columbus Cabot hauing discouered farre more of that Continent then they both or any man else in those Seas to wit from 67. degrees and an halfe to the Line and from thence Southerly to the Riuer of Plate Hee also was the principall mouer in the setting forth of Sir Hugh Willoughby in King Edwards time vnder whom he was constituted Grand Pilot of England with the annuall stipend of one hundred sixtie sixe pound thirteene shillings foure pence in which voyage Greeneland was discouered neither is there any other Willoughbys Land to be found but in erroneous Maps and the Russian Empire by the North Cape and the Bay of Saint Nicolas But for Uirginia as it was then discouered by Sir Seb. Cabot so it receiued that name from our Virgin-Mother Great Elizabeth in whose time formal actual possession was taken for her Maiesty the thirteenth of Iuly 1584. by Captain Philip Amadas and Captain Barlow whom Sir Walter Raleigh had sent thither with two Barkes furnished who also the next yeere 1585. sent Sir Richard Greenevile with seuen sayle which there left an English Colony vnder the gouernment of M. Ralph Lane A. 1586. hee sent another Ship of one hundred Tuns thither for their reliefe but the Colony being returned in Sir Francis Drakes Fleet shee returned also Sir Richard Greenevile also about a fortnight after their departure arriued with three Ships and not finding the Colonie
fellow Aâ— 14. or 〈◊〉 miles Christall Rock Ayre and Seasons Note well Feare is the beginning of piety ciuility What vse may be made of the Natiues Possown a strange beast Flying Squirrels Fowle Fish Nets The Lottery * To 100. 200. 300. 1000. 2000. and the highest 4500. crownes Spanish Ships aâ— Virginia English Pilatâ— oâ— Iudas rather suspended and exalted together according to his meâ—â—â— Cap Y 〈…〉 〈◊〉 ◠〈◊〉 Hitherto from Capt. Smith See my Pil. l. 8. c. 5. See my Pilg. vbi sup Powhatans remoue Virginian yeers which perhaps occasioned the conceits of their longevity A. 1617. Cap. Argolls gouernment 1618. Great drought L. De-la-Wars last voyages and death Plowing and Corne in Virginia Killingbeck slain Powhatans death Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer Sir George Yerdley Gouernour Profit to be made in Virginia Seuerall Burroughs Patent three times renewed Ships People Commodities Gifts Patents Cap. I. Smith Sir Edw. Sands was Treasurer from Ap. 1619. till Iun. 16â—0 Master Stockams Letter to Master Whitaker before 1620. Hollanders colours The Spaniards shot at the boat They shot at the Ship English vnprepared for fight Spanish aduantages Spanish colors Their conference Insolence of the Spaniards The English fight Spaniards seeke to enter Their repulse Second charge Third charge Their Captain slaine Lucas his braue act The case altered Omnium reâ—urâ— vicissitudo The English could 〈◊〉 but foure Ordnance Spaniards fall off Brauado turned English Next dayes fight The Vice-Admirall seeketh to recouer the Iland and the qualitie Sana Doctor Bohune and seuen others slaine out-right Spanish losse Spanish ships described Beads Maids Magazine Furre-trade Boat-builders East Indie Schoole Iron Cotton Indico Vines Silke and Mulberies Plum-drinke Salt-workes New Discoueties by M. Pory Copper Mine Summer Iland Plants 3570. people sent to Virginia in the three last yeeres 42. Saile of ships 1200. Mariners imployed 1500. To the Summer Ilands Nine ships 240. Mariners imployed Forrest of Pines M. Hariot in his Booke of Virginia A. 1585. Vines planted Note A China Boxe seene with the Sauages M. Berkley M. G. Sandys French Vignerous Mulberies The Booke is printed containing many good rules both for Silk works Vines othâ—r husbandry but too long here to be inserted Hasty security Opachankanoes dissimulation occasioned by English security 347. slaine and basely murthered some think more He had written letters the year before May 17 testifying the plentiful comming vp of the Cotten seede c. attributing the ill successe of things to the not seeking of Gods glory in conuerting the Natiues which he said were peace able wanted but meanes indeed to murther them which this conceit procured Sure binde sure find Pitty such an Abel should be so Kaiâ— deceiued Conuerted Indian Manner of the Sauages life Gunpowder sowne practised before in Captain Smiths time Cap. Ioh Smith M. Pâ—rie Naked breast concealed beast Prouident Sauages Iack of the Feather Câ—uâ—e of the Massacre M. Gookins M. Iordan Mistris Procter Sup. cap. 6. Saint Georges Iland Three men had staied behind and went not to Virginia Harter Water and Chard Commodites of the Countrie Fishes Tortoises great and of great vse Fowle Hogs by reason of their food there and our mens stomackes extraordinarily sweet The weather Fruits Peares not hurtfull Cedar Berries Palmitos Pepper Palme-liquor Ambergreece and Pearle Tobacco Silk-spider Timber Trees * I haue omitted the rest of this discourse as being better knowne to later Writers Ambergreece Rat-plague How vaine a thing is man whose best wits and industry are triumphed ouer by silly Rats Great God giue vs grace to feare thee that we may feare nothing else else shall we feare with Pharao Frogs Lice Flies Grashopper or with others Fleas Sparrowes â— Yea a few Rats in despite of Cats Dogs Traps poisons shall starue vs. The Feagâ— Cap. Tucker Whales Shares Wels. The Aire TeÌ„perature of the Countrey Spiders Inueniuntur opes irritamenta malorum Flies Ants. Wormes Lizards Spiders Fowles Moores Forts Master Keath Church built Supplies sent An. 1613. M. Barklie Increase of Potatos Spanish Ships Escapes from dangers Rats M. Barklies second coming 1614. Famine and sicknesse Rauens Contrary extreme Gouernment by a Counsell Caldicots lot M. Keath and M. Hughes Strange accident Andrew Hilliaras aduentures M. Tucker 1616. Tribes laid oâ—â— Assises The Gouernours Admirable voyage His course was neerer shoare with all prouisions fitting Small Boat from Bermudas commeth to Ireland Sanders his fortunes Cap. Powell 1617. Hurt by Rats filling all the Iland Gallowes clappers fate 1618. Magazines not so profitable as intended Escapers not escaping Two ships sent Cap. Butler Gouernour 1619. Great stormes Ambergreece New platforme Ministers scruples Sir George Summers memorial Their first Parliament Spanish Wrack These made false reports in England the Spanish Embasadoâ—r also vrging the same till the contraâ—ie was manifested Weauells cure Forts Ordnance in Bermudas M. Bernard Gouernour 1622. M. Harrison Gouernour 1623. Wormes noysome He mentions in other letters 3. s. a pound of Butter 6. d. rea dy monie for a pinte of Milke 10 s. or 12. s. a day for a workman Carpenter besides meate and lodging Corteregalis made a voiage to thosâ— parts An. 1500. and another 1501. After that his brother but both lost Gomes another Portugal sought straits ther. An. 1525. The land was called Terra Corteregalis from 60. deg to S. Laurence Iesuites * I haue heard that Sir T. Dale was the Gouernor of Virginia and â—â—â—t him Iesuite killed The South Sea suspected as before in Dermers l 〈…〉 ter by Sauages relations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—at Of God and the image of God in Man Gen. 1. 1. Eph. 4. 24. Gen 1. 28. Gen. 9. 2. Gen. 2. Esay 53. 1. Cor. 3. Apoc. 21. 〈◊〉 Cor. 15. Of the right of Christians and that of Heathens to the world See these things more fully handled in To. 1. l. 1. c. 1. §. 3 4. 5. Ioh. 8. 35. 36. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 1. Tim. 1. 6. Christians may not spoile Heathens Gal. 3. 17. Tit. 1. Matth. 5. Iohn 19. 36. 2. Cor. 10. 4. Matth. 16. Iud. 8. 2. Pet. 2. 19. Iohn 19. 11. Rom. 13. 1. Gen. 11. Acts 17. 27. Deut. 2. 9 19. 1. Cor. 3. 1. Cor. 13. Matth. 5. 1. Pet. 3. Mans naturall right in places either wholly or in great part not inhabited Abraham Lot Iacob c. I haue heard by one which I thinke hath more searched the Countrie then any other Cap. Smith that in â—eere so much as all England they haue not aboue 5000. men able to bear armes which manured and ciuilly planted might well nourish 1500000. and many many more as appeareth by this oâ—â— câ—untrie not hauing so rich a naturall Inheritance Right of Merchandise 1. Cor 11. 21. Securitie of Ports Gen. 10. Rom. 2. 14. Right Nationall Ius gentium Lucan Right by righâ— conquest 2. Sam. 10. Deut. 2. 19. Englands ma 〈…〉 〈…〉 hts to Virginia First discouery Mercator D. d ee Ortel c. M. Thorne
they staid it made the intelligence of the Mexico fleet more probable And therefore if this were the cause of their stay our hope to make some purchace of it made vs more willing to haue their neighbourhood Mary it might bee they were sent to looke for our comming home which they might thinke would be straggling and weake and yet on the other side the vncertaintie of our comming either at this time or certainly this way made this something vnlikely His Lordship therefore commandeo Captaine Slingsby a fine Gentleman to goe ashoare and to learne more certaintie what was become of the Kings fleet and why they came This relation was from the men of Santa Cruz but the intelligence which Captaine Slingsby brought the same night late was from Uilla de la punta Delgada another Towne of the Ilands The summe of his report for I was by when he made it was that his Excellencie should haue any thing where withall they could doe him seruice and if it would please him to come ashoare they would take it as a great fauour For the Kings men of Warre they said that they iudged them certainly to bee gone home for they were gone hence vpon a fortnight before The cause of their comming was to waft the Caracks which all foure were gone by before the Kings fleet came hither with purpose indeed to stay till the end of this moneth for them But since the Caracks were come home there had beene sent a Caruell of Aduise to recall them As for the Mexico fleet there was not at the Ilands any newes of their comming this yeere This report made by Captaine Slingsby ouer-night was confirmed early the next morning by the Gouernour himselfe of the place a poore Gouernour scarce so good as an English Constable But this Captaine Iuan de Fraga de Mandoça came himselfe and made the same offer to his Lordship and withall brought both Hennes and Muttons with him which hee knew hee should not giue for nothing though hee would seeme vnwilling to receiue any thing He hauing beene sometime with my Lord and told all the newes hee remembred was licensed hauing first asked and obtayned a Passe for himselfe and a Protection for the Ilanders to keepe them from spoile by ours His Lordship granted his suit and which hee farther desired that they might bee conceiued in the same forme as those were which the Earle of Essex had giuen him within two dayes of the same day twelue moneth and which himselfe had carefully kept euer since When this fellow was gone the flagge of Counsell was hanged out c. The returne of this fleet vpon consultation after the newes aforesaid I forbeare to mention in regard of the length of this discourse They set forth from Flores Septemb. 16. 1598. On Michaelmas day they sounded and the ground on the fallow did still more assure vs of being in the sleeue and the Scollop shells confirmed their opinion which held vs rather on the Coast of France by the Master and others iudged otherwise whose iudgement if his Lordship out of his iudgement and authoritie had not contradicted and caused them to take a more Northerly course all had perished in all likelihood on the Vshent and Rocks For the next morning we saw the land of Normandie CHAP. IIII. The first Voyages made to diuers parts of America by Englishmen Sir SEBASTIAN CABOT Sir THO. PERT also of Sir IOHN HAWKINS and Sir FRANCIS DRAKE and many others collected briefly out of Master CAMDEN Master HAKLVYT and other Writers SIr Sebastian Cabota wee haue alreadie mentioned in the former Booke as a great Discouerer of that which most iustly should haue beene called Columbina and a great deale better might haue beene stiled Cabotiana then America neither Uesputius nor Columbus hauing discouered halfe so much of the Continent of the new World North and South as be yea the Continent was discouered by him when Columbus had yet but viewed the Ilands this Herrera for the South part hath mentioned in his Relation of the Riuer of Plate before naming him an Englishman and for the North is by vs in the fourth Booke deliuered A second time Sir Thomas Pert and the said Cabota were set forth with a fleet to America by King Henrie the eighth in the eight yeere of his reigne the same perhaps which Herrera hath also mentioned of an English ship at Hispaniola and other American Ilands in the yeere 1517. Master Hakluyt hath published the Voyages of many English into those parts as namely of Master Robert Tomson Merchant and Iohn Field which together with Ralph Sarre and Leonard Chilton in a ship of Iohn Sweeting dwelling at Cadiz all Englishmen An. 1555. sayled to Hispaniola and thence to Mexico in New Spaine where they found Thomas Blake a Scottishman who had dwelt there twentie yeeres At Mexico Robert Tomson and Augustine Boatio an Italian were imprisoned many moneths by the Inquisition and then brought out in a Saint Benito or fooles coat to doe penance a thing neuer seene there before which caused much concourse of people giuen to vnderstand of I know not what enemies of God and expecting to see some Monsters of vncouâ—â— shape They were much pitied by the people seeing such personable men but sentenced by the Archbishop to be sent back to Spaine where Tomson did his three yeeres enioyned penance at Siuil Boatio found the meanes to escape and dyed after in London Tomson after his libertie married with a rich Spanish heire The historie at large and his description of Mexico with the cause of his imprisonment about speaking freely of Images his Master had made an Image of our Ladie of aboue 7000. pezos price each pezo being foure shillings and eight pence of our money the Reader may see in Master Hakluyt Where also is deliuered the voyage of Roger Bodenham Englishman 1564. to Mexico also of Iohn Chilton 1568. thither and from thence to Nueua Biscaâ—a and to the Port of Naâ—idad on the South Sea to Sansonate in Guatimala to Tecoantepec to Sâ—conusco to Nicaragua to Nombre de Dios to Potossi Cusco Paita to Vera Paz Chiapa three hundred leagues from Mexico From Chiapa he trauelled thorow Hills till he came to Ecatepec that is The Hill of winde in the end of that Prouince supposed the highest Hill that euer was discouered from the top whereof are seene both the North and South Seas deemed nine leagues high They which trauell vp it lye at the foot ouer-night and about midnight begin their iourney that they may trauell to the top before the Sunne rise the next day because the winde bloweth with such force afterwards that it is impossible for any man to goe vp From the foot of this Hill to Tecoantepec the first Towne of New Spaine are fifteene leagues From Mexico he trauelled againe to Panuco and there fell sick which sicknesse in his returne benefited him for he fell amongst Caniball Indian which
Crocodile hath great scales and long clawes very vgly to be seene The Portugals when they know where any of these great ones are doe fish for them with a câ—aine and a great Iron hooke and for bait they tie a Cock or a Hen to the hooke they take this paines to take him because his Cods are very great and better then any muske At this place the Mountaines are so full of Crab-lice that wee knew not what to doe they would stick in our skins that we could not get them off but were faine to take drie straw and singe our selues as you would singe Hogs and so rid our selues of them Here also wee had great store of wilde Hogs and a kinde of wilde Fowle as bigge as Turkies called Mutas Abausanga is the name of a valiant Caniball that is adioyning hard by the Wataquazes these Canibals are a kinde of the Tamoyes Some twentie yeeres agone there was a Gouernour among them called Mendesaa in the Riuer of Ianuarie who made warre against the Tamoyes and in the end ouer run all their Countrie or Prouince onely this Abausanga remayned hidden in Dungeons and grâ—at Holes with some fortie or fiftie of his Couâ—trimen It was our chance going to warre with the Wataquazes to come through this Towne and there we had newes by Abausangas people that he was at warre against the Wataquazes whereupon we made Spies to see if we could take him before that we would set vpon the Wataquazes One euening we heard a great noise of Canibals then the Captaine sending out some Spies my selfe being one wee saw that it was Abausanga and his companie that had taken fiue Wataquazes and with great stirre were killing of them to eate Assoone as we had espyed all that we could wee returned againe to the Captaine and told him what we had seene and that night cirâ—led Abausanga and tooke him priâ—oner with sixtie young men of his companie wee asked of him our best course to warre against the Wataquazes he told vs that he was rather to take our aduice then we to aske his that he vsed no policie but to fight in open field and if we would we should see how he made warre agâ—iâ—st his enemies the nexâ— day we being hard by the Inhabitants of the Wataquazes Abausanga came forth and ioyned all his companie together with leaue of our Captaine and assoone as they were all readie vvith their bowes and arrowes hee ran into the thickest of his enemies with all his companie where eighteene of his companie were presently killed and most of them sore hurt he himselfe being shot in one and twentie parts In our sight he killed three Wataquazes before hee fell the Portugals kept still by the woods side and with their peeces killed one hundred and thirtie Wataquazes the wilde people were so amazed when they heard our peeces goe off that they thought the Deuill had beene amongst them and euery one began to flie as fast as he could the Portugals following them found Abausanga in the field hurt as you haue heard This Abausanga assoone as he perceiued the Portugals to stand amazed at him desired them to tell him somewhat of God for he said that Frenchmen had told him that there was a God and that he which beleeued in him should be saued The Portugals telling him of their faith hee said that hee beleeued in that God and desired to bee baptised and had his name giuen him Iohn For the space of two houres that this Indian liued hee did nothing but call vpon God and so ended his life being one hundred and twentie yeeres of age as he shewed vs by signes The Wayanasses inhabite eighteene leagues Southward of the Riuer of Ianuarie at a place called by the Portugals Ilha Grande that is to say The great Iland These Canibals are of low stature great bellies and broad feet very Cowards of a reasonable good complexion They doe not carue their bodies neitheâ—r doe they glorie so much to eate mans flesh as the Tamoyes the Tomymenos and other Canibals doe The Women are bigge in the body and very vgly but they haue very good faces The Women of this Countrie doe paint their bodies and faces with a thing called in their language Urucu it groweth in a round Cod like a beane and that maketh a red inke like Oker which maketh them seeme most vgly The haire both of men and women groweth long by the sides and on the crowne all shauen like Franciscan Friars These Canibals lye in Nets made of barkes of trees and likewise when they trauell through the Wildernesse such prouision as they haue they carrie in little Nets at their backs they are neuer without Tabacco they esteeme it more then any thing that they haue in their Countrie and with it do heale their wounds when they are hurt When the Portugals doe stand in need of slaues they doe come to Ilha Grande and there they shall be sure to meet with some of the Wayanasses a fishing then they shew them Kniues Beades and Glasses telling them what they would haue for merchandise and presently they will goe to a place called in their language Iawarapipo which is their chiefest Towne and from thence bring all such as they meane to sell to the Sea side and as good cheape as you can you may buy of them The Topinaques inhabite at Saint Vincents they are men of good stature and of reasonable good complexion their women are all painted with diuers colouâ—s and on their heads they weare a thin barke of a tree like a Ribband the Canibals eate mans flesh as other Canibals doe they adore no Idoll neither haue they any kinde of Religion onely when they kill any man they all paint their bodies with a kinde of fruit called Ianipauo and all their heads are set with feathers and great stones in their vnder-lips with Rattles in their hands and thus they will dance for three dayes together I was amased to see how they would drinke a filthy drinke without breaking of their bellies and asked them how they were able to stand so long and drinke so much of that filthy drinke they answered me that Tabacco did make them as fresh as if they had done nothing Among these Canibals there is great store of gold in many Hills hard by the Sea side and now the Portugals haue some of those places I would wee had the rest Here I end to discourse any farther of the Canibals that dwell by the Sea side till I haue told you of such Nations as I met withall when I went through the Countrie and how I came againe to the Sea I haue told you in the first booke of my trauell how that fiue or sixe yeeres after I had beene taken by the Portugals I went to warre against the Canibals with the Portugals Now by the grace of God as neere as I can I haue told you of all the Nations that I
Predecessors could neuer attaine vnto without great cost labour and cares and oftentimes with the losse and destruction of diuers Which when the Bishop of Chiapa vnderstood hee determined also to write an Apologie in the vulgar tongue against the said Doctors summarie in defence of the Indies therein impugning and vndermining his foundations and answering all reasons or whatsoeuer the Doctor could alleage for himselfe therein displaying and setting before the peoples face the dangers inconueniences and harmes in the said doctrine contained Thus as many things passed on both sides his Maiestie in the yeere 1550. called to Valadolid an Assembly of learned men as well Diuines as Lawyers who beeing ioyned with the Royall counsaile of the Indies should argue and among them conclude whether it were lawfull without breach of Iustice to leuie warres commonly tearmed conquests against the Inhabitants of those Countries without any new offence by them committed their infidelity excepted Doctor Sepulueda was summoned to come and say what he could and being entred the Counsaile Chamber did at the first Session vtter his whole minde Then was the said Bishop likewise called who for the space of fiue dayes continually did reade his Apologie but being somewhat long the Diuines and Lawyers there assembled besought the Learned and Reuerend Father Dominicke Soto his Maiesties Confessor and a Dominican Friar who was there present to reduce it into a Summary and to make so many Copies as there were Lords that is fourteene to the end they all hauing studied vpon the matter might afterward in the feare of God say their mindes The said Reuerend Father and Master Soto set downe in the said Summary the Doctors reasons with the Bishops answeres to the same Then had the Doctour at his request a Copie deliuered him to answere out of which Summarie he gathered twelue against himselfe whereto he made twelue answeres against which answeres the Bishop framed twelue Replyes Doctor Sepulued a his Prologue to the Lords of the Assembly beganne thus Most worthy and Noble Lords sith your Lordships and Graces haue as Iudges for the space of fiue or sixe dayes heard the Lord Bishop of Chiapa reade that Booke whereinto he hath many yeeres laboured to gather all the reasons that either himselfe or others could inuent to proue the conquest of the Indies to be vniust as seeking first to subdue barbarous Nations before we preach the Gospell vnto them which haue beene the vsuall course correspondent to the grant made by Pope Alexander the sixt which all Kings and Nations haue hitherto taken and obserued it is meete and I doe so desire you that I who take vpon me to defend the grant and authority of the Apostolike Sea together with the equitie and honour of our Kings and Nation c. Out of which Replies here followeth the Abstract of two that stand vs insteed The report is vntrue that the Indians did yeerely sacrifice in New Spaine twenty thousand persons either one hundred or fiftie For had that beene so we could not now haue found there so much people and therefore the Tyrants haue inuented it thereby to excuse and iustifie their Tyrannies also to detaine so many of the Indians as escaped the oppression and desolation of the first Vintage in bondage and tyrannie But we may more truely say that the Spaniards during their abode in the Indies haue yeerely sacrificed to their so deerely beloued and reuerend Goddesse Couetousnesse more people then the Indians haue done in a hundred yeeres This doe the Heauens the Earth the Elements and the Starres both testifie and bewaile the Tyrants yea the very Ministers of these mischiefes cannot deny it For it is euident how greatly these Countries at our first entrie swarmed with people as also how wee haue now laid it waste and dispeopled the same wee might euen blush for shame that hauing giuen ouer all feare of God wee will yet neuer the lesse seeke to colour and excuse these our so execrable demeanours considering that only for getting wealth and riches we haue in fortie fiue or fortie eight yeeres wasted and consumed more Land then all Europe yea and part of Asia doe in length and breath containe robbing and vsurping vpon that with all crueltie wrong and tyrannie which we haue seene well inhabited with humane people among whom there haue beene slaine and destroyed twentie Millions of soules In the twelfth and last Reply as followeth The Spaniards haue not entred into India for any desire to exalt Gods honour or for zeale to Christian Religion either to fauour and procure the saluation of their Neighbours no neither for their Princes seruice whereof they doe so vainely bragge but Couetousnesse hath brought them and Ambition hath allured them to the perpetuall dominion ouer the Indies which they as Tyrants and Deuils doe couet to bee parted among them and to speake plainly and flatly doe seeke no other but to expell and driue the Kings of Castile out of all that World and themselues seizing thereupon by Trannie to vsurpe and take vpon them all Royall Souereigntie CHAP. V. Notes of Voyages and Plantations of the French in the Northerne America both in Florida and Canada OF the French Plantation in that part of Brafill by Uillagaynon which therefore Frier Thenet called France Antarctike you haue seene alreadie in Lerius Besides the French haue almost from the first beginnings of the Spanish Plantation with men of warre haunted those Coasts and taken many Spanish prises The French haue also made other Discoueries and setled some habitation for a time in the Northerne parts of the New World Iohn Uerrazano a Florentine was sent Anno 1524. by King Francis the first and Madame Regent his Mother who is said to haue discouered from the eight and twentieth to the fiftieth degree all which and much more had long before beene discouerd by Sir Sebastian Cabot for the King of England who was the first that set foote on the American Continent in behalfe of any Christian Prince Anno 1496. or as otheâ—rs 1497. and therefore the French reckoning falleth short some of which Nation vpon Verazanos Discouery challenge I know not what right to all that Coast and make their New France neere as great as all Europe To leaue that we are to do them Historicall right in relating their actions in those parts The Rites and Customes of Florida are related at large by Renâ— Laudonniere by Master Hakluyt translated and in his Workes published Laudonniere was sent by that famous Admirall Chastillon with Iohn Ribalt Anno 1562. who arriued at Cape François in Florida in thirtie degrees and there erected a Pillar with the French Armes The Riuer they called the Riuer of May hauing entred it on May day In the Woods they found great store of red and white Mulberie Trees and on their tops an infinite number of Silk-wormes Eight other Riuers they discouered to which they gaue the names of Seine Somme Loyre Cherente
more then Rockie Spaniards which massacred him and all his companie This butcherie was reuenged in a fourth Floridan Voyage made from France by Captaine Gaurgues Anna 1567. who borrowed and sold to set forth three ships and entring the Riuer Tacaâ—acourn which the French called Seine he made league with eight Sauage Kings which had beene much dispighted by the Spaniards and were growne as dispightfull to them The Spaniards were accounted foure hundred strong and had diuided themselues into three Forts vpon the Riuer of May the greatest begun by the French two smaller neerer the Riuers mouth to fortifie each thereof with twelue hundred Souldiers in them well prouided for Munition In Aprill 1568. he tooke these two Forts and slue all the Spaniards the vindicatiue Sauages giuing him vehement and eager assistance especially Olotocara Nephew to Saturioua As they went to the Fort he said that he should die there and therefore desired Gourgues to giue that to his wife which he would haue giuen himselfe that it might bee buried with him for his better welcome to the Village of the Soules departed This Fort was taken the Spaniards some slaine others taken and hanged on the same trees on which the French hung fiue of which on of these Spaniards confessed he had hanged and now acknowledged the Diuine Iustice. In steed of the Writings which Melendes had hanged ouer them I doe not this as to Frenchmen but as to Lutherans Gourgues set vp another I doe not this as to Spaniards or Mariners but as to Traitors Robbers and Murtherers The Forts he razed not hauing men to keepe them and in Iune following arriued in Rochel Comming to the King with expectation of reward the Spanish King had so possessed him that he was faine to hide himselfe This Dominicke de Gourgues had beene an old Souldier once imprisoned and of a Captaine made a Gally-slaue by the Spaniards and grew for his seruice in reputation with the Queene of England he died Anno 1582. And thus much of the French Voyages in Florida for Virginias sake worthy to be knowne of the English Now for their more Northerne Voyages and Plantations Master Hakluyt hath published the Voyages of Iaques Cartier who in Aprill 1534. departed from Saint Malo with two ships and in May arriued at Newfoundland On the one and twentieth of May they came to the Iland of Birds a league about so full of Birds as if they were sowed there and a hundred times as many houering about it some as bigge as Iayes blacke and white with beakes like Crowes lying alway on the Sea their wings not bigger then halfe ones hand which makes that they cannot flie high In lesse then halfe an houre they filled two Boat with them These they named Aporatz another lesse Port which put themselues vnder the wings of others greater they called Godetz a third bigger and white byting like Dogges they called Margaulx Though the Iland be fourteene leagues from the Continent Beares come thither to feed on those Birds One white one as bigge as a Kow they killed in her swimming and found her good meate Three such Bird Ilands they also discouered the fiue and twentieth of Iune which they called the Ilands of Margaulx There also they found Morses Beares and Wolues But these Northerne Coasts are better knowne to our Countrymen then that I should mention his French names which from Cabots time almost forty yeeres before had beene knowne to the English The next yeere Cartier set forth with three ships to Saint Lawrence his Bay and so to the Riuer of Hochelaga They went to Canada and to the Towne of Hochelaga They saw the great and swift fall of the Riuer and were told of three more therein The Scorbute that Winter killed fiue and twentie of their men in their Fort the rest recouered by the vse the sap and leaues of a tree called Hameda which was thought to be Sassafras These reports of Canada Saguenay and Hochelaga caused King Francis to send him againe Anno 1540. purposing also to send Iohn Francis de la Roche Lord of Robewall to be his Lieutenant in the Countries of Canada Saguenay and Hochelaga Hee went Anno 1542. his chiefe Pilot was Iohn Alphouso of Xantoigne whose Notes as also the Relation of that Voyage with three shippes and two hundred persons men women and children Master Hakluyt hath recorded He built a Fort and wintered there and then returned These were the French beginnings who haue continued their Trading in those parts by yeerly Voyages to that Coast to these times for fishing and sometimes for Beauers skinnes and other Commodities One Saualet is said to haue made two and forty Voyages to those parts Marke Lescarbot hath published a large Booke called Noua Francia and additions thereto part of which we haue here for better intelligence of those parts added with Champleins Discoueries CHAP. VI. The Voyage of SAMVEL CHAMPLAINE of Brouage made vnto Canada in the yeere 1603. dedicated to CHARLES de Montmorencie c. High Admirall of France WE departed from Houfleur the fifteenth day of March 1603. This day we put into the Roade of New Hauen because the winde was contrary The Sunday following being the sixteenth of the said moneth we set saile to proceed on our Voyage The seuenteenth day following we had sight of Iersey and Yarnsey which are Iles betweene the Coast of Normandie and England The eighteenth of the said moneth wee discryed the Coast of Britaine The nineteenth at seuen of the clocke at night we made account that we were thwart of Ushent The one and twentieth at seuen of clocke in the morning we met with seuen ships of Hollanders which to our iudgement came from the Indies On Easter day the thirtieth of the said moneth wee were encountred with a great storme which seemed rather to be thunder then winde which lasted the space of seuenteene dayes but not so great as it was the two first dayes and during the said time we rather lost way then gained The sixteenth day of Aprill the storme began to cease and the Sea became more calme then before to the contentment of all the Company in such sort as continuing our said course vntill the eighteenth of the said moneth we met with a very high Mountaine of Ice The morrow after we discried a banke of Ice which continued aboue eight leagues in length with an infinite number of other smaller peeces of Ice which hindred our passage And by the iudgement of our Pilot the said flakes or Ice were one hundred or one hundred twenty leagues from the Country of Canada and we were in 45. degrees and two third parts we found passage in 44. deg The second of May at eleuen of clocke of the day we came vpon The Banke in 44. degrees one third part The sixt of the said moneth we came so neere the land that we heard the Sea beate against the shore
he would treat with him Oagimont Sagamos of the Riuer Saint Croix was appointed for that purpose and he would not trust them but vnder the assurance of the Frenchmen he went thither Some Presents were made to Astikou who vpon the speech of peace began to exhort his people and to shew them the causes that ought to induce them to hearken vnto it Whereunto they condiscended making an exclamation at euery Article that he propounded to them Some fiue yeeres agoe Monsieur de Monts had likewise pacified those Nations and had declared vnto them that he would bee enemie to the first of them that should begin the Warre and would pursue him But after his returne into France they could not containe themselues in peace And the Armouchiquois did kill a Souriquois Sauage called Panoniac who went to them for to trucke Merchandize which he tooke at the Store-house of the said Monsieur de Monts The Warre aboue mentioned happened by reason of this said murther vnder the conduct of Sagamos Membâ—â—iou the said Warre was made in the very same place where I now make mention that Monsieur de Champdore did treate the peace this yeere Monsieur Champlein is in another place to wit in the great Riuer of Canada neere the place where Captaine Iames Quartier did winter where hee hath fortified him selfe hauing brought thither housholds with Cattle and diuers sorts of fruit-trees There is store of Vines and excellent Hempe in the same place where he is which the earth bringeth forth of it selfe He is not a man to be idle and we expect shortly newes of the whole Discouerie of this great and vncomparable Riuer and of the Countries which it washeth on both sides by the diligence of the said Champlein As for Monsieur de Poutrincourt his desire is immutable in this resolution to inhabit and adorne his Prouince to bring thither his family and all sorts of Trades necessary for the life of man Which with Gods helpe hee will continue to effect all this present yeere 1609. And as long as hee hath vigour and strength will prosecute the same to liue there vnder the Kings obeysance The Authour hath written another large Booke of the Rites of the Sauages of those parts which I haue omitted partly because Champlein in the former Chapiter hath giuen vs large instructions of the same and because in our Virginian and New England and New-found-land our men will relate the like and because I seeke to bee short howsoeuer my Subiect causeth mee to bee voluminous CHAP. VIII Collections out of a French Booke called Additions to Noua Francia containing the Accidents there from the yeere 1607. to 1611. MOnsieur de Monts hauing his priuiledge prorogued for one yeare with some associates sent vnto his Gouernment three Ships furnished with men and victuals And forasmuch as Monsieur de Poutrincourt hath taken his part on the maine Sea and for the desire that Monsieur de Monts hath to pierce through the Land to the Westerne Sea coast to the end he should not be an hinderance vnto him and to be able thereby to reach one day to China he determined to fortifie himselfe in a place of the Riueâ— of Canada which the Sauages call Kebec some fortie leagues aboue the Riuer of Saguenay There it is narrower being no broader then a Canon will carry and so by that reason the place is commodious to command through all that great Riuer Monsieur Champlein the Kings Geographer very skilfull in Sea matters and who delighteth marueilously in these enterprises tooke vpon him the charge of conducting and gouerning this first Colonie sent to Kebec Where being arriued it was needefull to make houses for him and his company wherein there was no toyle wanting such as we may imagine as was the labour of Captaide Iacques Quartier at his arriuall in the place of the said Riuer where he wintered and so Monsieur de Monts in the I le of Saint Croix whereby did issue vnknowne sicknesses which tooke away many men for there was not found any Timber ready to be put in worke not any buildings to lodge the workemen in they were driuen to fell downe the wood by the roote to cleare the ground and to lay the first foundations of a worke which with the helpe of God shall be the subiect of many wonders But as our Frenchmen haue oftentimes bin found mutinous in such actions so there were some among these which did conspire against the said Champlein their Captaine hauing deliberated to put him to death first by poison afterwards by a traine of Gunpowder and after hauing pilfered all to come to Tadoussac where Baskes and Rochell Ships were to make their returne in them to these parts But the Apothecary of whom the poyson was demanded disclosed the matter Whereupon Information being made one of them was hanged and some others condemned to the Gallies which were brought backe into France in the Ship wherein Monsieur du Pont of Honfleur was Commander The people being lodged some store of Corne was sowed and a number of Gardens were made where the ground did restore plentifully the seedes receiued This Land bringeth forth naturally Grapes in great quantity the Walnut-trres are there in abundance and Chestnut-trees also whose fruite is in the forme of an halfe moone but the Walnuts are with many corners or edges which be not diuided There is also great store of Pumpions and very excellent Hempe wherewith the Sauages make fishing lines The Riuer there doth abound with as much fish as any other Riuer in the world It is thought that Beuers are not here so good as vpon the coast of the Etechemins and Souriquois yet notwithstanding I may say very well that I haue seene skins from thence of blacke Foxes which seeme to exceede Sables or Marterns The winter being come many of our Frenchmen were found greatly afflicted with the sickenesse which is called the Scuruie whereof I haue spoken elsewhere Some of them died thereof for want of present remedy As for the tree called Annedda so much renowned by Iacques Quartier it is not now to be found The said Champlein made diligent search for the same and could haue no newes thereof and notwithstanding his dwelling is at Kebec neighbouring on the place where the said Quartier did winter Whereupon I can thinke nothing else but that the people of that time haue bin exterminated by the Iroquois or other their enemies The Spring time being come Champlein hauing had a long time a minde to make new discoueries was to choose either to make his way to the Iroquois or to goe beyond the fall of the great Riuer to discouer the great Lake whereof mention hath bin made heretofore Notwithstanding because the Southerly Countries are more pleasant for their milde temperature he resolued himselfe the first yeare to visite the Iroquois But the difficulty consisted in the going thither
in the Sea but because she got vnder the Fortresse which also began to shoot at the Englishmen they were forced to leaue her and to put further into the Sea hauing slaine fiue or sixe of the Spaniards The Englishmen that were taken in the small ship were put vnder hatches and coupled in bolts and after they had beene Prisoners three or foure dayes there was a Spanish Ensigne-bearer in the ship that had a brother â—â—â—ine in the â—â—eet that came for England who as then minding to reuenge his death and withall to shew his man-hood to the English Captiues that were in the English shippe which they had taken as is aforesaid tooke a Ponyard in his hand and went downe vnder the Hatches where finding the poore Englishmen sitting in bolts with the same Ponyard he stabbed sixe of them to the heart which two others of them perceiuing clasped each other about the middle because they would not bee murthered by him threw themselues into the Sea and there were drowned This act was of all the Spaniards much disliked and very ill taken so that they carried the Spaniard prisoner vnto Lisbone where being arriued the King of Spaine willed he should be sent into England that the Queene of England might vse him as she thought good which sentence his friends by intreatie got to bee reuersed notwithstanding he commanded he should without all fauour bee beheaded but vpon a good Friday the Cardinall going to Masse all the Captaines and Commanders made so great intreatie for him that in the end they got his pardon This I thought good to note that men might vnderstand the bloudie and honest mindes of the Spaniards when they haue men vnder their subiection The same two English ships which followed the Spanish Admirall till hee had got vnder the Fort of Tercera as I said before put into the Sea where they met with an other Spanish ship being of the same fleete that had likewise beene scattered by the storme and was only missing for the rest lay in the Road this small ship the Englishmen tooke and sent all the men on shore not hurting any of them but if they had knowne what had beene done vnto the foresaid English Captiues I beleeue they would soone haue reuenged themselues as afterward many an innocent soule payed for it This ship thus taken by the Englishmen was the same that was kept and confiscated in the Iland of Tercera by the Englishmen that got out of the Iland in a fisher-boat as I said before and was sold vnto the Spaniards that as then came from the Indies wherewith they sailed to Saint Lucas where it was also arrested by the Duke and appoined to goe in company to fetch the siluer in Tercera because it was a shippe that sayled well but among the Spaniards fleete it was the meanest of the Company By this meanes it was taken from the Spaniards and carried into England and the Owners had it againe when they least thought of it The nineteenth of March the aforesaid ships being nineteene in number set saile hauing laden the Kings siluer and receiued in Aluaro Flores de Quiniones with his company and good prouision of necessaries Munition and Souldiers that were fully resolued as they made shew to fight valiantly to the last man before they would yeeld or lose their riches and although they set their course for Saint Lucas the wind draue them vnto Lisbone which as it seemed was willing by his force to helpe them and to bring them thither in safetie although Aluaro de Flores both against the wind and weather would perforce haue sailed to Saint Lucas but being constrained by the wind and importunitie of the Sailers that protested they would require their losses and damages of him he was content to saile to Lisbone from whence the siluer was by Land carried into Siuilia At Cape Saint Vincent there lay a Fleet of twentie English shippes to watch for the Armada so that if they had put into Saint Lucas they had fallen right into their hands which if the wind had serued they had done And therefore they may say that the wind had lent them a happie Voyage for if the Englishmen had met with them they had surely beene in great danger and possibly but few of them had escaped by reason of the feare wherewith they were possessed because Fortune or rather God was wholly against them Which is a sufficient cause to make the Spaniards out of heart to the contrarie to giue the Englishmen more courage and to make them bolder for that they are victorious stout and valiant and seeing all their enterprizes doe take so good effect that thereby they are become Lords and Masters of the Sea and need care for no man as it well appeareth by this briefe Discourse In the month of March 1590. There was a Blasing Starre with a taile seene in Tercera that continued foure nights together stretching the tayle towards the South In the moneth of May a Caruell of Fayael arriued at Tercera in the Hauen or Road of Angra laden with Oxen Sheepe Hennes and all other kinds of victuals and full of people which by a storme had broken her Ruther whereby the Sea cast her about and therewith she sunke and in her were drowned three children and a Frier Franciscan the rest of the men saued themselues by swimming and by helpe from the shore but all the Cattle and Hennes came drowned to land the Frier was buried with a great Procession and Solemnitie esteeming him for a Saint because he was taken vp dead with his Booke betweene his armes for the which cause euery man came to looke on him as a Miracle giuing great Offerings to say Masses for his soule The first of August the Gouernor of Tercera receiued aduise out of Portugall and Spaine that two yeeres before the date of his Letters there were sayled out of England twelue great shippes well appointed with full resolution to take their iournie seuen of them into the Portugall Indies and the other fiue to Malacca of the which fiue two were cast away in passing the Straits of Magellanes and three sayled to Malacca but what they had done there was as then not knowne The other seuen passed the Cape de bona Speranza and arriued in India where they put into the Coast of Malabares but let them goe againe and two Turkish Gallies that came out of the Straits of Mecca or the Red Sea to whom likewise they did no hurt And there they laded their ships wis Spices and returned backe againe on their way but where or in what place they had laden it was not certainely knowne sauing onely that thus much was written by the Gouernour of India and sent ouer Land to Uenice and from thence to Madrill The seuenth of August a Nauie of English ships was seene before Tercera beeing twentie in number and fiue of them the Queenes ships their Generall was one Martin Frobisher as wee after had
to Coruo the Englishmen at times had taken at the least twenty ships that came from Saint Domingo India Brasillia c. and all sent into England Whereby it plainly appeareth that in the end God will assuredly plague the Spaniards hauing already blinded them so that they haue not the sence to perceiue it but still to remaine in their obstinate opinions but it is lost labour to striue against God and to trust in man as being foundations erected vpon the sands which with the winde are blowne downe and ouerthrowne as we daily see before our eyes and now not long since in many places haue euidently obserued and therefore let euery man but looke into his owne actions and take our Low-Countries for an example wherein we can but blame our owne sinnes and wickednesses which doth so blinde vs that we wholly forget and reiect the benefits of God continuing the seruants and yoke-slaues of Sathan God of his mercy open our eyes and hearts that wee may know our onely health and Sauiour Iesus Christ who onely can helpe gouerne and preserue vs and giue vs a happy end in all our affaires By this destruction of the Spaniards and their euill successe the lading and shipping of the goods that were saued out of the ship that came from Malacca to Tercera was againe put off and therefore wee must haue patience till it please God to send a fitter time and that we receiue further aduise and order from his Maiestie of Spaine All this being thus past the Farmers of Pepper and other Merchants that had their goods in Tercera which were taken out of the lost ship that came from Malacca seeing that the hope of any Armada or any ships in the Kings behalfe to be sent to fetch it was all in vaine they made request vnto his Maiesty that he would grant them licence euery man particularly to ship his goods in what ship he would at his owne aduenture which in the end after long suite was granted vpon condition that euery man should put in sureties to deliuer the goods in the Custome-house at Lisbone to the end the King might be paied his custome as also that the goods that should be deliuered vnto them in Tercera should all be registred whereupon the Farmers of Pepper with other Merchants agreed with a Flushinger to fetch all the Cloues Nutmegs Mace and other spices and goods that belonged vnto them the Pepper onely excepted which as then the King would not grant to lade The same Ship arriued in Tercera about the last of Nouember and because it was somewhat dangerous being the latter end of the yeare we laded her with all the speede we could for as then the coast was cleare of Englishmen To be short this Flushinger being laden with most part of the goods sauing the Pepper that was left behinde we set saile for Lisbone passing some small stormes not once meeting with any ship but onely vpon the coast where we saw ten Hollanders that sailed with Corne towards Ligorne and other places in Italie and so by Gods helpe vpon the second of Ianuary Anno 1592. we arriued in the Riuer of Lisbone being nine yeares after my departure from thence and there I staied till the month of Iuly to dispatch such things as I had to doe and vpon the seuenteenth of the same month I went to Sentuual where certaine Hollanders lay with whom I went for Holland The end of the eight Booke ENGLISH PLANTATIONS DISCOVERIES ACTS AND OCCVRRENTS IN VIRGINIA AND SVMMER ILANDS SINCE THE YEERE 1606. TILL 1624. THE NINTH BOOKE CHAP. I. Part of the first Patent granted by his Maiestie for the Plantation of Virginia Aprill the tenth 1606. IAMES by the grace of God c. Whereas our louing and well disposed Subiects Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Summers Knights Richard Hakluyt Clerke Prebendary of Westminster Edward Maria Wingfield Thomas Hannam Rawleigh Gilbert Esquires William Parker George Popham and diâ—ers others of our louing Subiects haue beene humble Suitors vnto vs that we would vouch safe vnto them our License to make Habitation Plantation and to deduce a Colonie of sundry of our people into that part of America commonly called Virginia and other parts and Territories in America either appertayning vnto vs or which now are not actually possessed by any Christian Prince or people situate lying and being all along the Sea Coast betweene thirtie foure degrees of Northerly latitude from the Equinoctiall Line and fortie fiue degrees of the same latitude and in the mayne Land betweene the same thirtie foure and fortie fiue degrees and the Ilands thereunto adiacent within one hundred miles of the Coast thereof And to that end and for the more speedie accomplishment of the said intended Plantation and Habitation there are desirous to deuide themselues into two seuerall Colonies and Companies the one consisting of certaine Knights Gentlemen Merchants and other Aduenturers of our Citie of London and elsewhere which are and from time to time shall be ioyned vnto them which doe desire to beginne their Plantations and Habitations in some fit and conuenient place betweene thirtie foure and fortie one degrees of the said latitude all alongst the Sea Coast of Virginia and Coast of America aforesaid And the other consisting of sundry Knights Gentlemen Merchans and other Aduenturers of our Cities of Bristoll and Exeter and of our Towne of Plymmouth and other places which doe ioyne themselues vnto that Colonie which desire to beginne their Plantations and Habitations in some fit and conuenient place betweene thirtie eight and fortie fiue degrees of the said latitude all alongst the said Coast of Virginia and America as that Coast lyeth We greatly commending and graciously accepting of their desires to the furtherance of so Noble a worke which may by the prouidence of Almightie God hereafter tend to the glorie of his Diuine Maiestie in propagating of Christian Religion to such people as yet liue in darknesse miserable ignorance of the true knowledge and worship of God and may in time bring the Infidels and Sauages liuing in those parts to humane ciuilitie and to a settled and quiet gouernment doe by these our Letters Patents graciously accept of and agree to their humble and well intended desires And doe therefore for vs our Heires and Successours grant and agree that the said Sir Thomas Gates Sir George Summers Richard Hakluyt and Edward Maria Wingfield Aduenturers of our Citie of London and all such others as are or shall be ioyned vnto them of that Colonie shall be called the first Colonie and they shall and may beginne their said first Plantation and Seate of their first abode and Habitation at any place vpon the said Coast of Virginia or America where they shall thinke fit and conuenient betweene the said thirtie foure and fortie one degrees of the said latitude And that they shall haue all the Lands Woods Soyle Grounds Hauens Ports Riuers Mynes Minerals Marishes Waters Fishings Commodities and Hereditaments
to demaund of Powhatan willing him to returne vnto the English Fort both such men as hee detayned of ours and such Armes as he had of theirs in his possession and those conditions performed hee willed them to assure vnto Powhatan that then their great Werowance the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall would hold faire quarter and enter friendship with him as a friend to King Iames and his Subiects But refusing to submit to these demands the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall gaue in charge to the Messengers so sent to signifie vnto Powhatan that his Lordship would by all meanes publike and priuate seeke to recouer from him such of the English as he had being Subiects to his King and Master vnto whom euen Powhatan himselfe had formerly vowed not only friendship but homage receiuing from his Maiestie therefore many gifts and vpon his knees a Crowne and Scepter with other Ornaments the Symbols of Ciuill State and Christian Soueraigntie thereby oâ—liging himselfe to Offices of dutie to his Maiestie Vnto all which Powhatan returned no other answere but that either we should depart his Country or confine our selues to Iames Towne only without searching further vp into his Land or Riuers or otherwise hee would giue in command to his people to kill vs and doe vnto vs all the mischiefe which they at their pleasure could and we feared withall forewarning the said Messengers not to returne any more vnto him vnlesse they brought him a Coach and three Horses for hee had vnderstood by the Indians which were in England how such was the state of great Werowances and Lords in England to ride and visit other great men After this diuers times and daily hee sent sometimes two sometimes three vnto our Fort to vnderstand our strength and to obserue our Watch Guard and how our people stood in health and what numbers were arriued with this new Weroance which being soone perceiued our Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall forewarned such his Spies vpon their owne perill to resort no more vnto our Fort. Howbeit they would daily presse into our Block-house and come vp to our Pallizado gates supposing the gouernment as well now as fantasticall and negligent in the former times the whilest some quarter of a mile short of the Block-house the greatest number of them would make assault and lye in ambush about our Glasse-house whether Diuers times indeed our men would make out either to gather Strawberries or to fetch fresh water any one of which so stragled if they could with conueniencie they would assault and charge with their Bowes and Arrowes in which manner they killed many of our men two of which being Paspaheans who were euer our deadliest enemies and not to be reconciled at length being apprehended and one of them a notable villaine who had attempted vpon many in our Fort the Lord Gouernour caused them to be manacled and conuented before him and his Counsell where it was determined that hee that had done so much mischiefe should haue his right hand strocke off sending him away withall with a message to Powhatan that vnlesse hee would yet returne such Englishmen as he detayned together with all such their Armes as before spoken of that not only the other now Prisoner should die but all such of his Sauages as the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall could by any meanes surprize should runne the same course as likewise the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall would fire all his Neighbour Corne Fieldes Townes and Villages and that suddenly if Powhatan sent not to contract with him the sooner What this will worke with him wee know not as yet for this was but the day before our ships were now falling to Point Comfort and so to set sayle for England which ships riding before Weroscoick to take in their fraight of Cedar Clap-boord Blacke Wal-nut and Iron Oare tooke Prisoners likewise the chiefe King of Weroscoick called Sasenticum with his Sonne Kainta and one of his chiefe men And the fifteenth day of Iuly in the Blessing Captaine Adams brought them to Point Comfort where at that time as well to take his leaue of the Lieutenant Generall Sir Thomas Gates now bound for England as to dispatch the ships the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall had pitched his Tent in Algernoone Fort. The Kings Sonne Kainta the Lord Gouernour and Captaine Generall hath sent now into England vntill the ships arriue here againe the next Spring dismissing the old Werowance and the other with all tearmes of kindnesse and friendship promising further designes to bee effected by him to which hee hath bound himselfe by diuers Sauage Ceremonies and admirations And thus right Noble Ladie once more this famous businesse as recreated and dipped a new into life and spirit hath raysed it I hope from infamy and shall redeeme the staines and losses vnder which she hath suffered since her first Conception your Graces still accompany the least appearance of her and vouchsafe her to bee limmed out with the beautie which wee will begge and borrow from the faire lips nor feare you that shee will returne blushes to your cheekes for praysing her since more then most excellent Ladie like your selfe were all tongues dumbe and enuious shee will prayse her selfe in her most silence may shee once bee but seene or but her shadow liuely by a skilfull Workman set out indeed which heere hungerly as I am I haue presumed though defacing it in these Papers to present vnto your Ladiship After Sir Thomas Gates his arriuall a Booke called A true Declaration of Uirginia was published by the Company out of which I haue heere inserted this their publike testimonie of the causes of the former euils and Sir Thomas Gates his Report vpon Oath of Virginia THe ground of all those miseries was the permissiue Prouidence of God who in the fore-mentioned violent storme seperated the head from the bodie all the vitall powers of Regiment being exiled with Sir Thomas Gates in those infortunate yet fortunate Ilands The broken remainder of those supplyes made a greater shipwracke in the Continent of Virginia by the tempest of Dissention euery man ouer-ualning his owne worth would be a Commander euery man vnder prizing anothers value denied to be commanded The next Fountaine of woes was secure negligence and improuidence when euery man sharked for his present bootie but was altogether carelesse of succeeding penurie Now I demand whether Sicilia or Sardinia sometimes the Barnes of Rome could hope for increase without manuring A Colony is therefore denominated because they should be Coloni the Tillers of the Earth and Stewards of fertilitie our mutinous Loyteyers would not sow with prouidence and therefore they reaped the fruits of too deere bought Repentance An incredible example of their idlenesse is the report of Sir Thomas Gates who affirmeth that after his first comming thither be hath seene some of them eat their fish raw rather then they would goe a stones cast to fetch wood
which God almighty the great Founder of Colonies prosper Now that I may shew Virginia worthy those princely honorable and industrious thoughts I haue aduentured briefely to point out rather then to paint out her beauty and attractiue ornaments First Religion as is before obserued inuiteth vs there to seeke the Kingdome of God first and all other things shall be ministred to vs and added as aduantage to the bargaine seeke the Kingdome of God and see an earthly Kingdome in recompence as the earnest and the heauenly Kingdome for our full paiment Of glorifying God in his word and workes in this designe is already spoken Secondly Humanity and our common Nature forbids to turne our eyes from our owne flesh yea commands vs to loue our neighbours as our selues and to play the good Samaritan with these our neighbours though of another Nation and Religion as the wounded Iew was to him to recouer them if it be possible as by Religion from the power of Sathan to God so by humanity and ciuility from Barbarisme and Sauagenesse to good manners and humaine polity Thirdly the Honour of our Nation enioyneth vs not basely to loose the glory of our forefathers acts which here haue beene shewed in King Henry the seuenth King Henry the eight King Edward the sixt and Queene Elizabeths times all which illustrated their names by Discouery of Realmes remote vnknowne parts and ports and the first first of all Kings and the last holding to the last Discouering and possessing these and leauing them as iust inheritance to his Maiesty What shame to a degenerate posterity to loose so honorable a claime and gaine yea to neglect that which many English haue purchased with doing and suffering so much and not with their sweate alone their care and cost but with their deerest bloud and manifold deaths Fourthly wee may reckon the Honour of our King and his Royall posterity to which in time Uirginia may performe as much with equall manuring as euer Britannia and Ireland could promise when first they became knowne to the then ciuiller World And were not comparisons odious I am sure I heard Sir Thomas Dale confidently and seriously exulting in priuate conference with me in the hopes of future greatnesse from Virginia to the English Crowne And if the wise King wisely said the honour of a King is in the multitude of his Subiects loe here the way to preserue employ encrease them and for his Maiesty to reach his long royall armes to another World The Roman Empire sowed Roman Colonies thorow the World as the most naturall and artificiall way to win and hold the World Romaine Fifthly the honour of the Kingdome thus growing and multiplying into Kingdomes that as Scotland and England seeme sisters so Virginia New England New found Land in the Continent already planted in part with English Colonies together with Bermuda and other Ilands may be the adopted and legall Daughters of England An honorable designe to which Honor stretcheth her faire hand the fiue fingers whereof are adorned with such precious Rings each enriched with inualuable Iewels of Religion Humanity Inheritance the King the Kingdome 〈◊〉 Honos alit artes omnesque incenduntur ad studia gloria And if Honour hath preuailed with honorable and higher spirits we shall come laden with arguments of profit to presse meaner hands and hearts to the seruice of Virginia Onely I desire that men bring their hearts first and consider that the very names of a Colony and Plantation doe import a reasonable and seasonable culture and planting before a Haruest and Vintage can be expected which if they here exercise our Faith and Hope both for earth and heauen where all things are prepared let vs not in ruder and cruder foundations and beginnings there precipitate vnto hasty fals And before we come to Virginias particular probabilities for this Kingdomes good we need not far fetched speculations we haue euidence from experience Castile a Kingdome which now stoops to none and which some of her flatterers aduance aboue all making it Catholike without respect to Faith grew from an almost nothing out of the Moorish deluge to be but a pettie something in comparison of others in Europe till Ferdinands time who sent Columbus to America And how poore abilities or probabilities had they for it when Columbus vpon false grounds hauing conceiued strong strange hopes of the Easterne Indies stumbled vpon a Westerne World whereof hee neuer dreamed which therefore he called India and Hispaniola Ophir to which Expedition neither founded on sound reason nor experience of former Discoueries when as yet the Mariners Art was but crept out of the Cradle and blessed only in the Euent the state of Castile was as poorely furnished as it seemes eyther with money or credit the Queene pawning part of her Iewels for 2000. Duckets to set Columbus forth with three poore Caruels for this Discouery Little was it then imagined that in Hispaniola should be found which happened in the taking of Domingo by Sir Francis Drake a Spanish Scutchion with a Horse whose hinder feet trod on the Globe his fore-feet prauncing as if he would foot out another World like Alexander hearing Philosophers discourse of other Worlds weeping that hee had not yet finished the conquest of this hauing this Motto annexed Non sufficit Orbis Yea but they found Gold and Siluer in abundance the Pockes they did and plagued all Europe with the great ones with the small consuming America and if they did find Gold and Siluer how poore were the proportions till the Mexican Discouery almost thirty yeeres and that of Peru forty yeeres after their Indian plantation And who knowes what Uirginia in that space may produce by better Discouery of it and further Discouery of parts adioyning whereof we haue ten thousand times more pregnant hopes then they had in their first Expedition by knowledge gathered from their Discoueries Besides though Gold and Siluer from thence hath enriched the Spanish Exchequer yet the Magazines haue found other and greater wealth whereof Virginia is no lesse capeable namely the Countrey Commodities What Mynes haue they or at least what doe they vse in Brasill or in all the Ilands where yet so many wealthy Spaniards and Portugalls inhabit Their Ginger Sugar Hides Tobacco and other Merchandize I dare boldly affirme yeeld far far more profit to the generalitie of the Spanish Subiects thorow that vast World then the Mynes do or haue done this last Age. Which I shall make apparant by honourable testimonie in one of the last English Exploits on the Spanish Indies The Right Honorable Earle of Cumberland in a Letter of his after the â—aking of Port Rico chiefe Towne if not the greatest Iland in those parts and far short of Hispaniola and Cuba affirmeth that if hee would haue left the place hee might haue had by good account as much Sugar and Ginger in the Countrey as was worth 500000. pounds
and great riches confessed that they had taken three Portugall prizes The Spaniards at first receiued them on good conditions but some villaines seeing their wealth murthered them for which this Auditor had sentenced Roderigo de Fuentes with others as his Letter to the King of Spaine importeth Now had there then beene a Virginian or Bermudan Plantation how easily might they haue attained thither the Boat at least and escaped that butchery I could hither adde instructions from the English Indian Ships 1604. and 1608. from Captaine Fenton 1582. from the Earle of Cumberlands Voyages before related in the yeares 86. 89. 91. 93. 96. 97. and from Master Candish Master Dauis and others But we haue made too long a Virginian Voyage hauing no better freight then Arguments which the Times doe now promise if not worthy wise mens approbation yet good mens indulgence where in a weake body and manifold weighty imployments the willingnesse of a heart truely English sincerely Christian may seeme tolerable if not commendable pardonable if not plausible Another labour remaines to set downe rules and proiects of best fecibility and accomplishing this noble worke but I am onely a Freeman no Councellour of that Plantation and haue neither Lands there nor other aduenture therein but this of my loue and credit which with the allegiance to my Soueraigne and desire of the publike good of this Kingdome is more to me then all the treasures of America I seeke the good and not the goods of England and Virginia I follow the hand of God which haue giuen England so many rights in Virginia right naturall right nationall right by first discouery by accepted trade by possession surrendred voluntarily continued constantly right by gift by birth by bargaine and sale by cession by forfeiture in that late damnable trechery and massacre and the fatal possession taken by so many murthered English Gods bounty before his iustice now hath giuen vs Virginia that we should so in iudgement remember mercy as to giue Virginia againe to God in Christian acknowledgement of his goodnesse and mercy of his word and workes and in our owne more serious conuersion to prepare that of Virginia God goeth before vs in making this designe honorable to Religion to Humanity to our Ancestors to our King to our Kingdome God goeth before vs and hath giuen Virginia so rich a portion to allure and assure our loues in multiplying our people and thereby our necessities enforcing a vent in endowing Virginia with so large a iointure so temperate so commodious for the climate compared with other Countries beyond other Countries in her own diuersified Lands Seas Riuers in so fertile a soyle in so strong sweete stately delicate Woods and Timbers in her naturall hopes of Wines of Silkes of the bodies of Natiues seruile and seruiceable in Drugges Irons and probability also of other Mines in all materials for Shipping and other buildings God goeth before vs in offering that meane to saue that which wee seeke and spend in other perhaps enemies Countries to breede vp Marriners to train vp Souldiers to exercise labourers by transportation of English and Europaean creatures to plant another England in America enriched with the best things of Europe to giue vs Fish Tobacco and other present improuements as earnest of future better hopes and that in these times which haue so manifold necessities thereof in regard of monies men and trades decayed in regard of neighbour plantations in the probabilities of a South-Sea glory and in the case of obtruded warre obtruding on vs absolute necessity and including and concluding euery way so manifold vse God the Father Sonne and holy Ghost which goe before vs in these things if not in miraculous fire and cloudy pillars as when Israel went to Canaan yet in the light of reason and right consequence of arguments come into vs and fillvs with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding the spirit of counsell and of fortitude the spirit of knowledge and the feare of the Lord I may adde the spirit of vnity and counsell that he may vouchsafe to goe with vs and we with him and after him to Uirginia Amen O Amen Be thou the Alpha and Omega of Englands Plantation in Virginia O GOD. The end of the ninth Booke ENGLISH DISCOVERIES AND PLANTATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW-FOVND-LAND WITH THE PATENT AND VOYAGES TO NEW-SCOTLAND Relations also of the Fleets set forth by Queene Elizabeth against the Spaniards THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A briefe Relation of the Discouerie and Plantation of New-England and of sundry Accidents therein occurring from the yeere of our Lord 1607. to this present 1622. Published by the President and Councell and dedicated to the Princes Highnesse here abbreuiated WHen this Designe was first attempted some of the present Company were therein chiefly interessed who being carefull to haue the same accomplished did send to the discouery of those Northern parts a braue Gentleman Cap. Henry Challons with two of the Natiues of that Territorie the one called Maneday the other Assecomet But his misfortunes did expose him to the power of certaine strangers enemies to his proceedings so that by them his Company were seized the ships and goods confiscated and that Voyage wholly ouerthrowne This losse and vnfortunate beginning did much abate the rising courage of the first Aduenturers but immediately vpon his departure it pleased the Noble Lord Chiefe Iustice Sir Iohn Popham Knight to send out another shippe wherein Captayne Thomas Hanam went Commander and Martine Prinne of Bristow Master with all necessary supplyes for the seconding of Captayne Challons and his people who arriuing at the place appointed and not finding that Captayne there after they had made some Discouerie and found the Coasts Hauens and Harbours answerable to our desires they returned Vpon whose Relation the Lord Chiefe Iustice and we all waxed so confident of the businesse that the yeere following euery man of any worth formerly interessed in it was willing to ioyne in the charge for the sending ouer a competent number of people to lay the ground of a hopefull Plantation Hereupon Captaine Popham Captaine Rawley Gilbert and others were sent away with two ships and an hundred Landmen Ordnance and other prouisions necessary for their sustentation and defence vntill other supply might be sent In the meane-while before they could returne it pleased God to take vs from this worthy member the Lord Chiefe Iustice whose sudden death did so astonish the hearts of the most part of the Aduenturers as some grew cold and some did wholly abandon the businesse Yet Sir Francis Popham his Sonne certaine of his priuate friends and other of vs omitted not the next yeere holding on our first resolution to ioyne in sending forth a new supply which was accordingly performed But the ships arriuing there did not only bring vncomfortable newes of the death of the Lord Chiefe Iustice together with the death of Sir Iohn Gilbert the elder
very little at all because the said ships being cast away on the ebbe The goods were driuen off into the Sea the dead bodies of many that were drowned I my selfe saw â—ast on the shore with the sundry wrackes of the parts of the Ships Masts and Yards with other wracke of Caske Chists and such like in great abundance The fourteenth day of Nouember the winde being faire wee tooke passage from Lisbone in a small Barke belonging to Bidâ—ford called the Marget and on the foure and twentieth of the same we were landed at Saint Iues in Cornwall and from thence I hasted to Plimmouth where I shewed vnto Sir Ferdinando Gorges and diuers others the Aduenturers the whole Discourse of our vnhappie Voyage together with the miseries that wee had and did indure vnder the Spaniards hands And then hasted with all the speed I could toward the Court of England where I was assured to my great comfort that they either were alreadie or very shortly should bee deliuered Before my departure from Siuill I should haue remembred that about Whitsontide last there were brought into the Prison of the Contractation there two young men brought out of the West Indies in one of the Kings Gallions which were of Captaine Iohn Legats company of Plimmouth which departed out of England about the latter end of Iuly 1606. bound for the Riuer of Amazons as hee told me before his going forth where hee had beene two yeeres before And comming on the Coast of Brasill as those young men the name of one of them is William Adams borne in Plimpton neere Plimmouth reported vnto mee whether falling to the leeward of the Riuer of Amazons or deceiued by his Master they knew not And not being able to recouer the said Riuer were constrayned to refresh in the West Indies in which time there fell a great disorder betweene the said Captaine Legat and his company so as one of his company in a broyle within themselues aboard there ship slue the said Captaine Legat whether in his owne priuate quarrell or with the consent of the rest of the Company they could not tell mee But this is the more to bee suspected for that he alwayes in former Voyages dealt very straitly with his company After his death his company comming to the I le of Pinos on the Southside of Cuba to refresh themselues being eighteene persons were circumuented by the trecherie of the Spaniards and were there betrayed and taken Prisoners and within foure dayes after of eighteene persons fourteene were hanged the other foure being youths were saued to serue the Spaniards whereof two of them refusing to serue longer in there ships were put into the Prison at Siuill the other two remayne still as slaues to the Spaniards This I had the rather noted to the end that it may be the better considered what numbers of ships and men haue gone out of England since the conclusion of peace betweene England and Spaine in the way of honest Trade and Traffique and how many of them haue miserably miscarried Hauing beene slaine drowned hanged or pittifully captiued and thrust out of their ships and all their goods REader I had by me the Voyage of Captaine Thomas Hanham written by himselfe vnto Sagadahoc also the written Iournals of Master Raleigh Gilbert which stayed and fortified there in that vnseasonable Winter fit to freeze the heart of a Plantation of Iames Dauies Iohn Eliot c. but our voluminousnesse makes me afraid of offending nicer and queasier stomackes for which cause I haue omitted them euen after I had with great labour fâ—â—ted them to the Presse as I haue also done a written large Tractate of Mawaushen and the Uoyage of Master Edward Harlie one of the first Planters with Cap. Popham and Nicholas Hobson to those parts 1611. with diuers Letters from Cap. Popham and others You must obserue that it was in those times called by the name of Virginia and the Northerne Plantation or Colonie But Captaine Smith a man which hath so many Irons in our fire presented a Booke of the Countrie to Prince Charles his Highnesse with a Map of the Countrey who stiled it as our hopes are he will one day make it New England and altered the Sauage names of places to English Hee made one Voyage thither Anno 1614. and the next yeere beganne another which taken by Frenchmen he was not able to make vp but in testimonie of his loue to his Countrey here and of his hopes there hath written diuers Bookes One called A Description of New England in which his said Uoyages are described with the description of the Countrey and many Arguments to incite men to that vndertaking which I had also prepared for the Presse but for the former feares haue omitted the other called New Englands Trials twice or thrice printed out of which I haue added thus much that the World may see the benefit to bee made by fishing and may also be better acquainted with the successe and succession of New Englands Affaires CHAP. III. Extracts of a Booke of Captaine IOHN SMITH printed 1622. called New Englands tryalls and continuing the Storie thereof with Motiues to the businesse of fishing there The benefit of fishing as Master Dee reporteth in his Brittish Monarchie HE saith that it is more then foure and fortie yeeres agoe and it is more then fortie yeeres since he writ it that the Herring Busses out of the Low-countries vnder the King of Spaine were siue hundred besides one hundred Frenchmen and three or foure hundred Sayle of Flemmings The Coasts of Wales and Lancashire was vsed by three hundred Sayle of strangers Ireland and Baltemore fraugted yeerly three hundred Sayle of Spaniards where King Edward the Sixt intended to haue made a strong Castle because of the Strait to haue Tribute for fishing Blacke Rocke was yeerely fished by three or foure hundred Sayle of Spaniards Portugals and Biskiners Master Gentleman and many Fisher-men and Fish-mongers with whom I haue conferred report The Hollanders raise yeerely by Herring Cod and Ling 3000000. pounds English and French by Salt-fish Poore Iohn Salmons and Pilchards 300000. pounds Hamborough and the Sound for Sturgion Lobsters and Eeles 100000. pounds Cape Blacke for Tunny and Mullit by the Biskiners and Spaniards 30000. pounds But diuers other learned experienced Obseruers say though it may seeme incredible That the Duke of Medina receiueth yeerely tribute of the Fishers for Tunny Mullit and Purgos more then 10000. pounds Lubeck hath seuen hundred Ships Hamborough six hundred Embden lately a Fisher Towne one thousand foure hundred whose Customes by the profit of fishing hath made them so powerfull as they bee Holland and Zealand not much greater then Yorkeshire hath thirtie walled Townes foure hundred Villages 20000. saile of Ships and Hoyes thirtie sixe thousand are Fisher-men whereof one hundred are Doggers seuen hundred Pinkes and Wel-boates seuen hundred Frand Boates Britters and Tode-boats with one thousand three hundred Busses besides three hundred
night to the harbour that we were in at our entring which we call Flag-staffe Harbour because we found there the Flag-staffe throwne by the Sauages away These Sauages by all likelihood were animated to come vnto vs by reason that wee tooke nothing from them at Sauage Bay and some of them may be of those which dwell there For in no other place where we were could we perceiue any tokens of any aboade of them c. CHAP. VIII Captaine RICHARD WHITBOVRNES Voyages to New-found-land and obseruations there and thereof taken out of his Printed Booke IT it well knowne that my breeding and course of life hath beene such as that I haue long time set many people on worke and spent most of my daies in trauell specially in Merchandizing and Sea-Voyages I haue beene often in France Spain Italy Portugall Sauoy Denmarke Norway Spruceland the Canaries and Soris Ilands and for the New-found-land it is almost so familiarly knowne to me as my owne Countrey In the yeere 1588. I serued vnder the then Lord Admirall as Captaine in a Ship of my owne set forth at my charge against the Spanish Armado and after such time as that seruice was ended taking my leaue of his Honour I had his fauourable Letters to one Sir Robert Denuis in the Countie of Deuon Knight whereby there might be some course taken that the charge as well of my owne Ship as also of two other and a Pinnace with the victuals and men therein imploied should not be any way burthensome to me Wherein there was such order giuen by the then right Honorable Lords of the priuie Counsell that the same was well satisfied which seruice is to be seene recorded in the Booke at White-Hall Now to expresse some of my Voyages to the New-found-land which make most for the present purpose My first Voyage thither was about fortie yeeres since in a worthie Shippe of the burthen of three hundred â—un set forth by one Master Cotton of South-hampton wee were bound to the Grand Bay which lieth on the Northside of that Land purposing there to trade then with the Sauage people for whom we carried sundry commodities and to kill Whales and to make Traine Oyle as the Biscaines doe there yeerely in great abundance But this our intended Voyage was ouerthrowne by the indiscretion of our Captaine and faint-hartednesse of some Gentlemen of our Companie whereupon we set faile from thence and bare with Trinity Harbour in New-found-land where we killed great store of Fish Deere Beares Beauers Seales Otters and such like with abundance of Sea-fowle and so returning for England wee arriued safe at South-hampton In a Voyage to that Countrie about six and thirtie yeeres since I had then the command of a worthy Ship of two hundred and twenty tun set forth by one Master Crooke of South-hampton At that time Sir Humfrey Gilbert a Deuonshire Knight came thither with two good Ships and a Pinnace and brought with him a large Patent from the late most renowned Queene Elizabeth and in her name tooke possession of that Countrie in the Harbour of Saint Iohns whereof I was an eye-witnesse He failed from thence towards Virginia and by reason of some vnhappy direction in his course the greatest Ship he had strucke vpon Shelues on the Coast of Canadie and was there lost with most part of the company in her And he himselfe being then in a small Pinnace of twenty tun in the company of his Vice-Admirall one Captaine Hayes returning towards England in a great storme was ouerwhelmed with the Seas and so perished In another Voyage I made thither about foure and thirty yeeres past wherein I had the command of a good Ship partly mine one at that time own Sir Bernard Drake of Deuonshire Knight came thither with a Commission and hauing diuers good Ships vnder his command hee there took many Portugall Ships laden with Fish and brought them into England as Prizes Omitting to speak of other Voyages I made thither during the late Queens raign I will descend to later times In the yeere 1611. being in New-found-land at which time that famous Arch-Pirate Peter Easton came there and had with him ten saile of good Ships well furnished and very rich I was kept eleuen weekes vnder his command and had from him many golden promises and much wealth offered to be put into my hands as it is well knowne I did perswade him much to desist from his euill course his intreaties then to me being that I would come for England to some friends of his and sollicite them to become humble petitioners to your Maiestie for his pardon but hauing no warrant to touch such goods I gaue him thinkes for his offer onely I requested him to release a Ship that he had taken vpon the Coast of Guinnie belonging to one Captaine Rashly of Foy in Cornewall a man whom I knew but onely by report which he accordingly released Whereupon I prouided men victuals and a fraught for the said Ship and so sent her home to Dartmouth in Donen though I neuer had so much as thankes for my kindenesse therein And so leauing Easton I came for England and gaue notice of his intention letting passe my Voyage I intended for Naples and lost both my labour and charges for before my arriuall there was a pardon granted and sent him from Ireland But Easton houering with those ships and riches vpon the Coast of Barbary as he promised with a longing desire and full expectation to be called home lost that hope by a too much delaying of time by him who carried the Pardon Whereupon he failed to the Straights of Gibraltar and was afterwards entertained by the Duke of Sauoy vnder whom he liued rich I was there also in the yeere 1614. when Sir Henry Manwaring was vpon that Coast with fiue good Ships strongly prouided he caused me to spend much time in his company and from him I returned into England although I was bound from thence to Marsseâ—â—is to make sale of such goods as I then had and other imploiments c. In the yeere 1615. I returned againe to New-found-land carrying with mee a Commission out of the high Court of Admiraltie vnder the great Seale thereof authorising me to empannell Iuries and to make inquirie vpon Oath of sundry abuses and disorders committed amongst Fishermen yeerly vpon that Coast and of the fittest means to redâ—esse the same with some other points hauing a more particular relation to the Office of the Lord Admirall What was then there done by vertue of that Commission which was wholly executed at my owne charge hath bin at large by me already certified into the high Court of Admâ—â—altie Neuerthelesse seeing the same hath beene ouer slipt euer since not produced those good effects which were expected I will in some conuenient place of this Discourse set downe a briefe collection of some part of my endeuours spent in that seruice not doubting but it will be as auaileable for the
and necessary way to be held against him and therefore more importing then the warre in the Low-countries I doubt not but this voyage hath sufficiently made knowne what they are euen vpon their owne dunghill which had it bin set out in such sort as it was agreed vpon by their first demand it might haue made our Nation the most glorious people of the world For hath not the want of eight of the twelue Peeces of Artillery which were promised vnto the Aduenture lost her Maiesty the possâ—ssion of the Groine and many other places as hereafter shall appeare whose defensible rampiers were greater then our battery such as it was cold force and therefore were left vnattempted It was also resolued to haue sent 600. English Horses of the Low-countries whereof wee had not one notwithstanding the great charges expended in their transportation hither and that may the Army assembled at Puente de Burgos thanke God of as well as the forces of Portugall who fore-ran vs six dayes together Did we not want seuen of the thirteen old Companies which we should haue had from thence foure of the ten Dutch Companies and six of their men of Warre for the Sea from the Hollanders which I may iustly say wee wanted in that we might haue had so many good Souldiers so many good ships and so many able bodies more then wee had Did there not vpon the first thinking of the iourney diuers gallant Courtiers put in their names for Aduenturers to the sum of 10000. li. who seeing it went forward in good earnest aduised themselues better and laid the want of so much money vpon the iourney Was there not moreouer a round summe of the aduenture spent in leâ—ying furnishing and maintaining three moneths one thousand fiue hundred men for the seruice of Berghen with which Companies the Mutinies of Ostend were suppressed a seruice of no small moment What misery the detracting of the time of our setting out which should haue beene the first of February did lay vpon vs too many can witnesse and what extremitie the want of that months victualls which wee did eat during the moneth wee lay at Plimouth for wind might haue driuen vs vnto no man can doubt of that knoweth what men doe liue by had not God giuen vs in the end a more prosperous wind and shorter passage into Galitia then hath been often seene where our owne force and fortune reuictualled vs largely of which crosse winds that held vs two dayes after our going out the Generalls being weary thrust to Sea in the same wisely chusing rather to attend the change thereof there then by being in Harbour to lose any part of the better when it should come by hauing their men on shoare in which two dayes twentie fiue of our Companies shipped in part of the Fleet were scattered from vs either not being able or willing to double Ushant These burdens layed vpon our Generalls before their going out they haue patiently endured and I thinke they haue thereby much enlarged their honour for nauing done thus much with the want of our Artillery 600. Horse 3000. Foot 20000. li. of their aduenture and one moneths victualls of their proportion what may be coniectured they would haue done with their full complement For our instruction against them who had almost seduced you from the â—â—ue opinon you hold of such men you shall vnderstand that Generall Norris from his booke was trained vp in the warres of the Admirall of France and in very young yeeres had charge of men vnder the Earle of Essex in Ireland which with what commendations hee then discharged I leaue to the report of them who obserued those seruices Vpon the breach betwixt Don Iohn and the States he was made Colonell Generall of all the English Forces there present or to come which he continued two yeeres he was then made Marshall of the Field vnder Conte Hobenlo and after that Generall of the Army in Frisland at his comming home in the time of Monsieurs gouernment in Flanders he was made Lord President of Munster in Ireland which he yet holdeth from whence within one yeere hee was sent for and sent Generall of the English Forces which her Maiestie lent then to the Low-countries which he held till the Earle of Leicesters going ouer And he was made Marshall of the Field in England the enemy being vpon our Coast and when it was expected the Crowne of England should haue beene tried by battell All which places of Command which neuer Englishman successiuely attained vnto in forraine warres and the high places her Maiestie hath thought him worthy of may suffice to perswade you that hee was not altogether vnlikely to discharge that he vndertooke What fame Generall Drake hath gotten by his iourney about the world by his aduentures to the West Indies and the scourges hee hath laid vpon the Spanish Nation I leaue to the Southerne parts to speake of But to answere the reports which haue beene giuen out in reproach of the Actors and Action by such as were in the same let no man thinke otherwise but that they who fearing the casuall accidents of Warre had any purpose of returning did first aduise of some occasion that should moue them thereunto and hauing found any whatsoeuer did thinke it sufficiently iust in respect of the earnest desire they had to seeke out matter that might colour their comming home Of these there were some who hauing noted the late Flemish wars did find that many young men haue gone ouer and safely returned Souldiers within few moneths in hauing learned some words of Art vsed in the wars and thought after that good example to spend like time amongst vs which being expired they began to quarrell at the great mortalitie that was amongst vs. The neglect of discipline in the Armie for that men were suffered to bee drunke with the plentie of Wines The scarsitie of Surgions The want of carriages for the hurt and sicke and the penury of victualls in the Campe It hath beene proued by strickt examinations of our Musters that we were neuer in our fulnesse before our going from Plimouth 11000. Souldiers nor aboue 2500. Mariners It is also euident that there returned aboue 6000. of all sorts as appeareth by the seuerall paiments made to them since our comming home And I haue truely shewed you that of these numbers very neere three thousand forsooke the Armie at the Sea whereof some passed into France and the rest returned home So as wee neuer being 13000. in all and hauing brought home aboue six thousand with vs you may see how the world hath beene seduced in beleeuing that we haue lost 16000. men by sicknesse If at home in the eyes of your Iustices Maiors Preachers and Masters and where they pay for euery pot they take they cannot be kept from their liquor doe they thinke that those base disordered persons whom themselues sent vnto vs as liuing at home without rule who hearing of
Caxamalca to Xauxa where Snow lyeth all the yeere The people are more ciuill and better Souldiers On the other side the Mountayne Eastward they are Sauage people feeding on fruites hauing small store of Maiz. All their Tribute was Feathers From Xauxa to Cusco the Countrey enlargeth it selfe from the Sea Collao is a plaine Countrey and cold and hath many Riuers where gold is taken The Mountaynes continue from Tumbez to Xauxa and thence to Cusco if the way bee not made by hands footmen could not passe much lesse horsemen and they haue many houses full of Brasse to worke vp the same All the rough Mountaynes are wrought like staires of stone There are some places where foure or fiue mens heights the way is wrought and made vp with stone worke in others it is cut out of the stone There are places of entertainment in euery Countrey and by the way one within two or three leagues of another made for the Lords which visit the Countrey and euery twenty leagues principall Prouinciall Cities where the tributes of smaller places are kept All those great Townes haue store-houses full of the Countrey Commodities There are store of cattle and pastures with their Pastors The Citie of Cusco might be worthy the sight if it were in Spaine full of great mens houses all Lords and Caciques hauing houses there The most of those houses are of stone and some are halfe of stone the streets are straight in right crosses and narrow in the midst runneth a Conduit of water inclosed with stone on each side of which a horseman may passe and no more The Citie is situate on the top of a Hill and many houses are built on the side of it and others below on the Plaine The Market place is square paued with small stones About it are foure houses of Lords of stone painted and wrought the best of which was Guainacabas the gate is of white and red Marble and of other colours and hath faire Terrasses On the sides of the City ranne two Riuers which rise a league higher ouer which are Bridges Vpon a Hill hard and rough is a very faire Fortresse of earth and stone with great windowes towards the City Within it are many Roomes and one principall Towre in the midst of foure or fiue circuits one higher then another the Lodgings within are small the stone very fairely wrought and so close ioyned that there is no shew of morter and as smooth as planed boords It hath so many Roomes and Towres that a man is not able to view them all in a day Many Spaniards which haue beene in Lumbardie and other strange Kingdomes say that they haue neuer seene such a building as this Fortresse nor Castle more strong There may abide within fiue thousand Spaniards It cannot be vndermined being seated on a Rocke On the City side which is a ragged Hill is but one wall on the other side three one higher then another the inmost being highest The goodliest spectacle are these encompassing circuits being of stones so great that no man would imagine them layd there by the hands of men as great as pieces of stonie Mountaynes and Rockes some being of the height of thirty spannes and and as much in length and none is so little but it is more then three Cart-â—odes The Spaniards preferre them before the buildings of Hercules or of the Romanes They are reuersed that they cannot be battered in plano but in the slipping turnagaines which goe outwards made of the selfe-same stone Betwixt wall and wall is earth laid so broad that three Carts may goe abreast They are made like three steps the second beginning on the height of the first and the third on that of the second All this Fortresse was a Store-house of Armes Clubs Launces Bowes Arrowes Axes Shields Cotton Mandilions quilted and other armes and garments for Souldiers gathered from all parts of the Empire colours of diuers sorts and Metals From this Fortresse may bee seene many houses In the Valwhich is compassed about with Hils are aboue 100000. houses many of them houses of pleasure of the Souereignes Lords and Caciques others are Store-houses full of Wooll Armes Mettals Clothes and such things as the Countrey yeeldeth there are Horses where the Tributes are kept and there is one where are aboue 100000. dried Birds of whose Feathers they make garments And there are many houses for that purpose There are Shields Targets Plates of Brasse to couer houses and incredible store of prouisions for Warre Euery Souereigne Lord deceassed hath his owne house of these goods and Tributes which they had in their life for by their Law the Successor may not inherit it their Gold Siluer and Clothes apart They worship the Sunne and haue made him many Temples and of all things they offer somewhat to the Sunne Two Spaniards were sent to Colao and were forty dayes in the iourney They say it is well peopled mountaynous and out of measure cold so subiect that hauing many cattle no man dares kill any without license though neuer so great There is a great Lake Titicaca in the midst of the Prouince in which are two Ilands in one of which is a Temple of the Sun in great veneration where they offer Gold and Siluer and other things There are aboue sixe hundred Indians which serue there and a thousand women The Mynes of Gold are beyond this place some of ten some twenty and that of Guarnacabo is forty fathome deepe darke and narrow in which one alone at once entreth none following till he be comme forth Other Mynes they pursue no further then a mans height that he may reach the earth to another which made some say that all the fields were Gold Mynes Guainacapa is honoured as if hee were aliue and his bodie is brought forth into the street with Musicke and Dances and there are some day and night attending him to chase away the flyes The Lords that come to the Citie goe first and salute him and then the King To these Feasts 100000. soules assembled Had it not beene for the quarrels betwixt those of Quito and those of Cusco the Spaniards could not haue entred into Cusco nor haue it And the Mountaynes are such that ten men may defend ten thousand Many Horses fell downe and brake their neckes The Spaniards themselues maruell at what they haue done and how they are still aliue It hath falâ—e out well that this Sonne of Guainacaba was made their Lord for whose loue other Lords haue giuen their obedience to the Emperour He is very friendly to the Christians Iuly 15. 1534. in Xauxa Subscribed Francisco Piçarro c. The end of the seuenth Booke VOYAGES TO AND LAND-TRAVELS IN FLORIDA VIRGINIA AND OTHER PARTS OF THE NORTHERNE AMERICA FRENCH Plantings Spanish Supplantings English VIRGINIAN Colonies and to the Ilands Azores THE EIGHTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A Relation of ALVARO NVNEZ called Capo di Vaua
concerning that which happened to the Fleet in India whereof PAMPHILO NARVAEZ was Gouernour from the yeere 1527. vntill the yeere 1536. who returned vnto Siuill with three of his companions only translated out of RAMVSIO and abbreuiated §. I. Their Fleet and admirable and vnheard of tempest their entrance into Florida the Lakes troublesome passages incounters disastrous successe building Boats for returne THE sixteenth day of Iune in the yeare 1527. the Gouernour Pamphilo di Naruaez departed from the hauen of Saint Lucar of Barrameda with power and commandement from your Maiestie to conquer and gouerne the Prouinces which lye from the Riuer of Palmes vnto the Cape of Florida all in the firme land And the Fleete which the Gouernour brought with him were fiue Ships wherein six hundred men went The Officers because I am to make particular mention of them in this Booke were these Capo di Vaua Treasurer Agozino Prouost Martiall Alonso Eurriquez Auditor and Alonso de Solis Factor and ouerseer for his Maiestie And besides there was for Commissary a Frier of the order of Saint Francis called Frier Giouanni Iohn Gottierrez and with him foure other Friers of the same Order We arriued first at the Iland of San Dominica where we stayed but fortie fiue dayes to prouide our selues of certaine necessary things and principally of Horses There we left more then an hundred and forty of our men which would stay by promise and agreement which they of the Village made with them Departing thence we arriued at Saint Iago or Giacomo which is an hauen in the Iland of Cuba and reposing our selues there certaine dayes the Captaine furnished himselfe with men munition and horses It hapned in that place that a Gentleman called Uasques Parcalle neete vnto the towne of the Trinitie which is in the same Iland offered the Gouernour to giue him certaine victuall which he had in the said towne of the Trinitie which is an hundred leagues off from the said port of Saint Iago Whereupon the Gouernour departed with all the Fleete towards that towne But arriuing halfe the way at an hauen which they call the Cape of Santa Cruz it seemed good vnto the Gouernor to abide there and send one Ship onely to receiue those victuals and so he appointed one Captaine Pantoxa to goe thither with his Ship and that for the greater security I also should goe with him and he remained still there with the foure Ships we hauing now gotten another in the Iland of Saint Domenica Being arriued with our fiue Ships at the hauen of the Trinitie the Captaine Pantoxa went with Vasquez Porcalle to receiue the victuals at the towne which was one league distant from the hauen One houre after I was landed the Sea began to be outragious and the Northwinde was so strong that the Boates durst not goe aland nor could they with the Shippes in any sort put to the contrary side the winde being in the prowe whereupon with very great trauaile with two contrary seasons and with much raine they continued all that day and the Sunday The night approaching the Sea and tempest began so much to increase that it no lesse tormented those on the land then them at Sea for all the houses fell downe and all the Churches and wee were enforced to goe seuen or eight men embracing one another arme in arme together to be able to resist the winde that it might not carry vs away and to auoide the ruine of the houses flying vnto the Forrest the trees gaue vs no lesse cause of feare then the houses had giuen vs because they falling held vs in continuall feare that they would kill vs. In this tempest and danger wee passed all the night without finding any part or place where for one halfe houre onely wee might stand secure but principally the midnight before wee heard noyses and great crying and the sound of Belles Flutes and Drummes and other instruments which continued vntill the morning that the tempest ceased In those Countries so fearefull a thing had neuer beene seene whereof I caused a testimoniall and true certificate to be made which I haue sent vnto your Maiestie On Munday morning we went downe to the hauen and found not the Ships there but saw some of their furniture in the water whereby we knew that they were cast away And so we purposed to goe along the coast searching if we might finde any thing but finding nothing we determined to search by the Mountaines and hauing gone about a quarter of a league of from the water side wee found the Boate of a Ship set vpon certaine trees and further beyond ten leagues along the coast they found two persons of my Ship and certaine couerings and roofes of houses And those two men were so actually transfigured and changed with weatherbeating both of the shore and of the Sea that they could not know who they were we found also a Friers habit and a Couerlet torne in peeces and found no other person or thing any more Threescore men were lost in those two Ships and twenty horses and those that remained aliue were thirty persons onely who the same day we arriued in that hauen went aland together with the Captaine Pantoxa Wee remained in such manner for certaine dayes with much trouble and great necessitie because the sustenance and prouision of that people was all lost and destroyed with certaine wilde Beasts and the Countrey remained in such sort that it moued great compassion in the beholders the trees being falne the mountaines burned and remaining without leaues or grasse and so we passed vntill the fift day of Nouember that the Gouernour of our Fleete came thither to vs with his other foure Ships who also themselues had passed great dangers and torments and were escaped because in good time they had retired themselues vnto some place of safety The men which he had brought with him and those that he found there were so much affrighted and terrified with the losses and dangers past that they resolued to imbarke themselues no more in the winter and besought the Gouernour that he would suffer them to repose and rest themselues in those places he perceiuing their mindes and the desire of the inhabitants did so and gaue me the charge of the Ships and the men which should goe with me to winter at the hauen of Xaqua which is twelue leagues distant from that place and so going thither we staied vntill the twentieth of February following At this time the Gouernour came thither vnto vs with a Brigantine which he had gotten at the Trinitie and brought with him a Pilot called Miruelo who as they said was a man very well practised and an excellent Pilot for all the coast of the North. Besides that the Gouernour left on the coast of the Lissart Captaine Aluaro della Querda with a Ship which the Gouernour had procured there and left forty men with
to the Summer Ilands by that Company 22 The Ioseph 150. tun in May 1621. 100. persons 23 The Iames 120. tun in Iuly 80. 24 The Concord 180. tun in August 70. Persons 250. So there is foure and twentie Sayle of ships with fiue hundred Mariners in them imployed to these Plantations in this yeere Besides there are now prouiding seuerall ships in diuers parts of this Kingdome to transport to the Plantations aboue fiue hundred persons And for the benefit of the Plantations these things following haue beene here done this yeere Sixteene persons and others haue beene prouided and sent for the making of Beads for trade in the Countrie with the Natiues and for making Glasse of all sorts Seuen and fiftie young Maides haue beene sent to make wiues for the Planters diuers of which were well married before the comming away of the Ships A Magazine hath beene sent of all necessaries for the Colonie to the value of two thousand pound besides all priuate mens sending goods which was very ample Trade being set open for all his Maiesties Subiects A ship called the Discouerie hath beene set out for the rich Trade of Furres which both the French and Hollanders haue yeerely within our Precincts and within fiftie leagues of vs. Fiue and twentie persons for the building of Boats Pinnasses and Ships for the necessarie vse of the Colonie for fishing Trade and Discouerie c. Seuen persons sent for planting the thousand Acres of Land giuen to the East Indie Schoole Other Occurents of Note The Gouernours arriuall in Virginia at the end of the last Summer with nine ships and neere seuen hundred people all safely and in good health The admirable deliuerance of diuers ships and namely of the Tiger which beeing driuen strangely neere two hundred leagues out of her course fell into the Turkes hands and yet came saue to Virginia Master Berkleyes Letters assure vs that there is not a more fit place for Iron-workes then in Virginia both for Wood Water Mynes and Stone and that by Whitsontide next wee may relie vpon Iron made by him The Plants of Cotton-wooll trees that came out of the West Indies prosper exceeding well and the Cotton-wooll-seeds from the Mogols Countrie come vp and grow Samples of it they haue sent and this Commoditie they hope this yeere to bring to a good perfection and quantitie The Indico Seed thriues well but they yet want knowledge how to cure it Our Frenchmen assure vs that no Countrie in the World is more proper for Vines Silke Oliues Râ—ce c. then Uirginia and that it excelleth their owne Countrey The Vines beeing in abundance naturally ouer all the Countrey a taste of which Wine they haue alreadie sent vs with hope the next yeere to send vs a good quantitie There bee Mulberie trees in wonderfull abundance and much excelling both in goodnesse and greatnesse those of their Countrey of Languedocke To the full perfecting of both which rich Commodities of Wine and Silke there wanteth nothing but hands And of the Mulberies may bee made also good wholesome Wine for the people there And of a certaine Plumme in the Countrey they haue made good drinke Salt-workes are erecting the proper place being now found as the Rocheller doth certifie vs whereby many ships will transport people at easier rates hereafter finding Salt there to furnish them for the great and profitable fishings vpon that Coast whither twentie sayle of ships went this last yeere but of the Westerne parts of England besides the ships formerly mentioned Master Iohn Porie hath of late made a Discouerie into the great Bay Northward yet at the bottome of it he was not reseruing it to a second Voyage where are now setled neere one hundred English very happily with hope of a good Trade of Furres there to bee had And Terra Lemnia was sent vs from thence which is found as good as that of Turkey and is in great abundance to be had In February last he likewise discouered to the South Riuer some sixtie miles ouer Land from vs a very fruitfull and pleasant Countrey full of Riuers wherein are two Haruests in one yeere the great King giuing him friendly entertainment and desirous to make a league with vs hee found also there in great quantitie of the same Silke-grasse as appeareth by the samples sent vs whereof Master Heriot in his Booke 1587. makes relation who then brought home some of it with which a piece of Grogeran was made and giuen to Queene Elizabeth and some heere who haue liued in the East Indies affirme that they make all their Cambaya Stuffes of this and Cotton-wooll Also in his passage by Land Master Porey discouered a Countrey full of Pine-trees aboue twentie miles long whereby a great abundance of Pitch and Tarre may bee made and other sorts of woods there were fit for Pot-ashes and Sope-ashes The Indians haue made relation of a Copper Myne that is not farre from thence how they gather it and the strange making of it a piece whereof was sent home being found after trial very excellent metall Some of the English haue made relation of a China Boxe seene at one of the Kings Houses who declared that it was sent him from the West by a King that dwels ouer the great Hils whose Countrey is neere the Sea he hauing that Boxe from a people as hee said that come thitherin ships and weare clothes and dwell in Houses and are called Acanackchina And he offered our people that he would send his Brother along with them to that King which the Gouernour purposeth not to refuse hoping thereby to discouer the South Sea so long talked of A small ship comming in December last from the Summer-Ilands to Virginia brought thither from thence these Plants viz. Vines of all sorts Orange and Leman trees Sugar Canes Cassado Roots that make bread Pines Plantans Potatoes and sundry other Indian fruits and plants not formerly seene in Virginia which begin to prosper very well Gifts The Gentlemen and Mariners that came in the Royall Iames from the East Indies beeing at Cape Bona Speranza homeward bound gaue towards the building of a Free Schoole in Virginia to be called the East Indie Schoole the summe of seuentie pound eight shillings six pence Towards the furtherance of the said East India Schoole an vnknowne person hath added the summe of thirtie pound A person refusing to be made knowne hath giuen the summe of fortie shillings a yeere for euer for a Sermon before the Virginia Company thirtie pounds At a Quarter Court held the thirtieth of Ianuary 1621. by a person not willing as yet to bee knowne was sent in Gold to helpe forward the East Indie Schoole fiue and twentie pounds At the same Quarter Court a small Bible with a couer richly wrought a great Church Bible Bookes of Common Prayer and other Books were presented to be sent to Uirginia in the
name of a person who had the yeere before sent for the vse of the Colledge at Henrico diuers Bookes and an exact Map of America the Giuer is not knowne but the Bookes are valued at tenne pound Giuen by Master Thomas Bargraue Preacher in Virginia deceassed for the vse of the Colledge a Library valued at a hundred Markes And there is a contribution made by the Inhabitants in Virginia for the building of an house of entertainment for new commers at Iames Citie amounting to the value of fifteene hundred pounds Patents granted this yeere 1 To the Ladie Dale 2 To Sir Dudly Digges 3 To Sir Iohn Bourchier 4 To Captaine Ralph Hamer 5 To Master Arthur Swayne c. 6 To Master Rowland Trueloue c. 7 To Master Iohn Crowe 8 To Master Edward Rider 9 To Captaine Simon Leeke 10 To Master Daniell Gookin 11 To Master Edward Bennet 12 To Master Ioseph Leming 13 To Sir Charles North. 14 To Sir George Yeardly 15 To Master Thomas Leneson 16 To Captaine William Wildon 17 To Master Henry Southey 18 To Martins Hundred 19 To Master Robert Moston 20 To Master Edmund Wynne 21 To Captaine Henry Pelham c. 22 To Captaine Daniell Tucker 23 To Sir Bowyer Worsly 24 To Master Thomas Buckley 25 To Master Francis Harwell 26 To Sir Iohn Brooke Who together with their Associates haue vndertaken to transport great multitudes of people and cattle to Virginia §. II. Newes from Virginia in Letters sent thence 1621. partly published by the Company partly transcribed from the Originals with Letters of his Maiestie and of the Company touching Silke-workes IN the three last yeeres of 1619. 1620. and 1621. there hath beene prouided and sent for Virginia two and fortie Saile of ships three thousand fiue hundred and seuentie men and women for Plantation with requisite prouisions besides store of Cattle and in those ships haue beene aboue twelue hundred Mariners imployed There hath also beene sent in those yeeres nine shâ—ps to the Summer Ilands with about nine hundred people to inhabit there in which ships two hundred and fortie Mariners were imployed In which space haue beene granted fifty Patents to particular persons for Plantation in Virginia who with their Associates haue vndertaken therein to transport great multitudes of people and cattell thither which for the most part is since performed and the residue now in preparing as by the seuerall Declarations of each yeere in their particulars manifested and approoued in our generall and publike Quarter-Courts and for the fuller satisfaction of all desirous to vnderstand the particularities of such proceedings hath beene by printing commended to the vnderstanding of all Sir Francis Wiat was sent Gouernour into Virginia who arriued there in Nouember 1621. with Master George Sandys Treasurer Master Dauison Secretarie c. In the nine ships sent in that Fleet died but one Passenger of seuen hundred in whose roome there was another also borne at Sea Their prouisions were not found so well conditioned as was expected The Sailers are still blamed for imbezelling the goods sent to priuate persons for killing of Swine inordinate trucking c. It was ordained that for euery head they should plant but a thousand plants of Tobacco and for the better strength not to suffer aboue nine leaues to grow on each plant which will make about a hundred weight Master Gookin arriued also out of Ireland with fiftie men of his owne and thirtie Passengers well furnished The present gaine by Tobacco had made the planting of Corne to be neglected and some thinke that if Corne might there be valued not at two shillings sixe pence the bushell as deere as that which is brought from hence there would be lesse feare of famine or dependance on Tobacco The Letters written from the Gouernour and Treasurer in Virginia in the beginning of March last which came hither in Aprill gaue assurance of ouercomming and bringing to perfection in this yeere the Iron-workes Glasse-workes Salt-workes the plentifull sowing of all lorts of English graine with the Plough hauing now cleered good quantitie of ground setting of store of Indian Corne or Maiz sufficient for our selues and for trucke with the Natiues restraint of the quantitie of Tobacco and amendment of it in the qualitie learned by time and experience The planting of Vines and Mulberie trees neere to their Houses Figge-trees Pomegranates Potatoes and Cotton-wooll Seeds Pocoon Indico Sugar Canes Madder Woade Hempe Flaxe and Silke-grasse and for the erecting of a faire Inne in Iames Citie for the better entertainment of new commers whereto and to other publike workes euery old Planter there offered freely and liberally to contribute I write the words of their Letters And how in a late Discouerie made a few moneths before by some of them to the Southward they had past thorow great Forrests of Pines fifteene or sixteene miles broad and aboue threescore miles long very fit for Masts for shipping and for Pitch and Tarre and of other sorts of woods fit for Pot-ashes and Sope-ashes and came vnto a most fruitfull Countrey blessed with abundance of Corne reaped twice a yeere within the limits of Virginia where also they vnderstand of a Copper Myne an essay whereof was sent and vpon triall here found to be very rich and met with a great deale of Silke-grasse there growing which monethly may be cut of which kinds and Cotton-wooll all the Cambaya and Bengala Stuffes are made in the East Indies and of which kindes of Silke-grasse was heretofore made a piece of Grogeram giuen to Queene Elizabeth And how that in December last they had planted and cultiuated in Uirginia Vines of all as well those naturally growing as those other Plants sent them from these parts of Europe Orenge and Lemon-trees Fig-trees Sugar Canes Cotton-wooll Cassaui Roots that make very good bread Plantanes Potatoes and sundry other Indian fruits and Plants not formerly seene in Virginia which at the time of their said Letters began to prosper very well as also their Indico Seed for the true cure whereof there is lately caused a Treatise to be written Furthermore they write that in a Voyage made by Lieutenant Marmaduke Parkinson and other English Gentlemen vp the Riuer of Patomacke they saw a China Boxe at one of the Kings Houses where they were This Boxe or Casket was made of braided Palmito painted without and lined in the inside with blue Taffata after the China or East India fashion They enquiring whence it came the King of Patomecke said it was presented him by a certaine people of the Mountaines toward the South-west who got it from another Nation beyond them some thirtie dayes iournie from Patomacke called Acana Echinac beeing of small stature who had Houses Apparell and Houshold stuffe like vs and liuing within foure dayes iourney of the Sea had ships come into their Riuer and he his Brother along with them to that King which offer the Gouernour purposed not to refuse and the
Spanish arguments to requite good with euill a Act. 24. 14. By the way which they cal heresie so worship wee the God of our fathers beleeuing all things written in the Law c. b They make the schisme or rent which vniustly excommunicate cut off from the body of Christ as Io. 9 Sinite illos coeci sunt c. c Hinc ille lacrymae d Withlie and all shee reiceted the title of supreme head to auoid from appearance of this euill and declared her selfe to challenge onely power ouer all her subiects to command thé to do their duties execute their offices excluding forrain iurisdiction as Dauid Salâ—mon Constantine her predecessors had done exercising power ouer Priests not in the Priesthood e O impudency What King of England euer sought the Popes confirmation King 〈◊〉 by Papall Arts made himselfe triburary but without and against his subiects conâ—ent as Ma. Paris Râ—â—endouer then liuing testifie at larg 〈…〉 at writing being burnt and disclaimed the subiects also rebelling against the Author thereof f Quia totum telâ—m non recepâ—â—â—et Shee wronged them much in souâ—ng her throat from their blades g Vnnaturall Prince which not content with inheritance would haue made conquest of the Prouinces so to swallow all their priuiledges and subiect them to forraine inquisition and rule so buying with 100. millions of treasure and the liues of 400000. Christians the losse of those which would haue bought and sought to be his subiects if hee would haue kept the oathes which the Pope dispensed with twice made to them and ruled as his predecessors had done h The Pope confesseth hee gaue entertainment to the Queenes Fug tiues and for their sakes thus roared The Spaniard entertained her Fugitiues and she might not admit those whom he would not suffer to obey him as his Ancestors had done i A mighty cruell forgery of his Holiness k Who is here the inuader disturber of peace And whereto tends all this but to disanull peace l Quis tulerit Gracchos dei seditione querentes m Boner c. was ill handled because they were not so handled as they had handled Cranmer Ridley c. n See M. Camdens History 〈◊〉 A. 1568. seq where those occurrents are otherwise related o Ap. 2. 2. Thou hast tried them that say they are Apostles and are not and hast found them liers p How much more did Hezekiab â—osias in demolishing the meanes of superstition how holy soeuer at their first institutioÌ„ So the brasen Serpent a Diuine type of Christ crucified was demolished c. q Uis dicam quid sis magnus es ardelio Pitie she promoted not Cardinal Allen or Father Parsons the one to Lambeth the other to Tib. I should say the Broad Seale r What a faire deliuerance from this tyranny should we haue had by the Spanish Whips and Kniues s We had indeed bin miserable had we falne into the hands of such Physicians t The holinesse of three Popes curse her and the holy and blessed Trinitie blesse her u Dutie and faith acknowledged and yet denied Is not this babbling x But God will not hold him guiltlesse that taketh his name in vaine y Yet this is the first commandement of promise so contrary are Gods blessing and the Popes cursing Eph. 6. 2. z A false Prophet for neither did England euer prosper more or feare the Pope or Spaniard lesse or so much loue or honour Her or any of her progenitors as Her Maiesty after this such a blessed haruest God raised out of this Cursers cursed seed a The Duke of Medina Generall of this Fleet was of another mind who being told of Catholikes in England which would take his part c. answered That he must make way howsoeuer for his Master And were not Count Egmond and Count Horne and others Papists which D'Alua executed There were 700. English Fugitiues in Parmas Army for this inuasion Qui omnium despicatissime habiti the baggage of the Armies estimate nor was respectgiuen to Stanly and Westmerland Traitors of note Sed pro impietate in Patriam omni adâ—tu prohibiti tanquam pessima auspicia merito non siâ—e detestatione reiecti saith Camden They were excluded all Councells of Warre for men vse to loue the Treason and hate the Traytor Matth. 26. 54. â—udas â—scarioâ— went to the chiefe Priests here the chiefe Priest preuents the Traitor couâ—â—aâ—ts for more then 30. pieces before he be sollicited with what will you giue me 〈…〉 e â—ewish Priestâ— were dul compared to these Romish * Hâ—â—ly Fa th 〈…〉 * Pro thesauro carbones The Pope grants that liberally which is alâ—â—ly The Armie of Biscay of which is Captain Generall Ian Martines of Ricalda The Armie of the Gallyes of Castille of the which is Generall Iaques Flores de Valdes The Armie of the Ships of Andelo 〈…〉 zie of the which is Cap. Don Pedro de Valdes This Pedro de Valdes was taken and prisoner in England The Armie of Ships come from the Prouince of Gipouzce of which is Generall Michell de Oquendo The Armie of the East of the which is chief Martin de Vâ—â—tendâ—na The Armie of Hulkes in the which is Cap. Iohn Lopez of Medina Pataâ—â—es and Zabâ—es where in Don Antony of Mendoza commandeâ—â— The foure Galeaces of Naples which are giueÌ„ in charge to Dom Vgo de Moncada A description of the Galeons A description of the Galliasses The great Oâ—d nance bullets Gunpowder and other furniture The iâ—prouision of victuals other things necessary 32000. personâ— in the Nauie A Spanish terza consisteth of 3200. souldiers Baggage of the Amada The cause of the Iourney Their Shrift For auoiding blasphemy and raging oathes and others Debarring play The preparation of the Duke of Parma to aide the Spaniards Her Maiesties warlike preparation by Sea Her Maiesties Land-forces Catholike Roman The prepa 〈…〉 on of the vnited Prouinces The Spanish 〈◊〉 etâ—â—let saile vpon the 19 of May. O multum dilect Deo tib militat aether coâ—iurati vâ—nâ—unt ad classica venti c. Gains valour They set saile from the Groine vpon the 11. of Iuly The Spaniards come within keâ—â—ing of England Cap. Fleming The L. Admirals short warning vpon the 19. of Iuly The 20. of Iuly Gods great mercy to England For had not Flemming brought word the Queenes Nauie had easily beene oppressed nor could it so soon be ready had the Spaniards then taken their opportunitie The 21. of Iuly Galeon forsaken The 22. of Iuly Don Pedro de Valdez with his ships and company takeÌ„ Virtus in hoste laudanda 55000. duckets A great Biscaine ship taken by the English The 23. of Iuly Slow motions of the great Spanish ships Admirals hot fight Captaine Fenners valour A great Venetian ship and other â—mâ—ll ships taken by the English 12000. English Mariners and Souldiers The 24. of Iuly Want of Powder Spanish order The 25. of Iuly Terrible fight The 26.