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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06878	The Roman historie containing such acts and occurrents as passed under Constantius, Iulianus, Iovianus, Valentinianus, and Valens, emperours. Digested into 18. bookes, the remains of 31. and written first in Latine by Ammianus Marcellinus: now translated newly into English. Wherunto is annexed the chronologie, serving in stead of a briefe supplement of those former 13. bookes, which by the iniurie of time are lost: together with compendious annotations and coniectures upon such hard places as occurre in the said historie. Done by Philemon Holland of the citie of Coventrie, Doctor in Physicke.; Rerum gestarum libri. English	Ammianus Marcellinus.; Holland, Philemon, 1552-1637.	1609 (1609)	STC 17311; ESTC S114268	628,185	520

modest and noble prince Marcus who what time as Cassius had mounted up to the imperiall dignitie in Syria and a packet of letters sent from him to his complices and adherents was presented unto him and the bearer intercepted caused the same sealed as it was straight waies to be burnt this did he whiles he abode in Illyricum for feare least if the traytors were detected and knowne hee might offend and displease some of them whom he would not And as divers of sound judgement are of opinion it was a signe rather of great vertue in the same prince to have left the Empire without any bloudshed of those of his traine and privie Counsell than if he had beene revenged so unmercifully According to the doctrine also of Tully in a certaine Epistle to Nepos taxing Caesar for crueltie For Felicitie quoth hee is nothing else but prosperitie of honest things Or that I may define it otherwise Felicitie is that fortune which helpeth good counsels which whosoever useth not can by no meanes be happie And therefore in wicked and impious counsels which Caesar tooke to there could be no felicitie And more happie in my iudgement was Camillus whiles hee lived in exile than in the same dayes Manlius although he might as he desired have raigned king Her aclitus also the Ephesian affirmeth the same and advertiseth us That brave and worthy men have divers times beene overcome such are the variable events that fortune worketh even of idle and slothfull cowards And that this moreover among other principall prayses is most eminent when as authoritie placed in high degree having the desire to hurt to be cruell and wroth subdued and as it were put under the yoke hath erected a glorious trophie of clemencie in the castle of a victorious mind Now as this Prince in foreine warres went away with hurt and foyle so by reason of civile conflicts wherein he sped well he bare himselfe proud and by occasion of the inward ulcers of Common weale he was all embrued with horrible and filthy bloud Whereupon in a perverse purpose rather than just and usuall he reared with great cost and charges in Gaule and Pannonia triumphall arches even out of the losse and calamitie of the Provinces together with the titles of his acts affixed thereto for men to read so long as those monuments would be able to stand Exceeding much addicted he was to his wives to the small puling voyces of Eunuches and to some Courtyers who applauded every word he spake and observed to honour him and sooth him up in whatsoever hee affirmed or denyed The distastfull bitternesse of these times was made the worse by the unsatiable extortion and snatching of these receivers importunat collectors of tributes and taxes who drew more hatred upon his head than money into his coffers And this seemed unto many the more intollerable for that he never heard any cause nor tendered the indemnitie of the provinces when they were over-layed with taxes tributes and imposts one in the necke of another Over and above all this apt hee was to take away againe what hee had once given and that perfect and syncere religion of the Christians hee blended with foolish and doting superstitions and beeing given to search thereinto more intricately than to settle it with gravitie hee stirred many schismes and discords which as they spread more and more hee maintained with contentious words and disputations insomuch as whiles their bishops coursed up and downe by troupes on post-horses allowed by the State from Synode as they tearme it to Synode labouring to bring all rites and ceremonies to their owne dispose and will he thereby cut the sinewes quite of those that kept waggons for hire As touching his forme and feature of bodie this it was His complexion somewhat blacke or browne the cast of his eye loftie his sight quicke the haire of his head soft his cheekes alwaies shaven and shining beautifully from the grafting of his necke to his groine very long bow-legged and short withall whereby he both leapt and ran passing well Well being thus dead his corpes being embalmed and chested Iovianus who then was Protector u Domesticus had commaundement to attend upon it with royall pompe as farre as to Constantinople to be enterred close unto the neerest of his bloud and unto him sitting upon the Carroch that carried the Reliques as the manner is unto Emperours were presented the essayes and proofes of the souldiors corne and victuals as themselves tearme them x Indicia proba also publique beasts were shewed and according to the usuall custome they came upon him and grew more and more which together with officious meetings upon the way and other such signes portended verily unto the sayd Iovianus the Empire but the same to no effect and without any port or continuance as unto one that was the minister of such funerall pompes THE XXII BOOKE CHAP. I. The death of Constantius once knowne Iulianus as yet a young man of good growth with exceeding applause of all men is received by the Constantinopolitanes WHiles the mutable and rolling chances of Fortune worke these occurrents in divers parts of the world Iulian among many affaires which he projected in Illyricum pried continually into the bowels of beasts and gazing withall at the flight of birds longed to know before hand what end all accidents would have but when he had received doubtfull and darke answers he rested still uncertaine of the future And at the length Aprunculus Gallus the Oratour a skilfull Soothsayer and promoted afterwards to be governour of the province Narbonensis told him the events instructed before hand as himselfe said by the inspection of a liver which hee had seene hidden within a duple skin And when as Iulian feared for all that least this might bee devised to humour his desire and was therefore sad and heavie himselfe espied a much more certaine praesaging token which evidently shewed the death of Constantius For at the very same instant when the said Constantius died in Cilicia it happened that the souldior who with his right hand lifted him up to his horse backe caught a fall and lay along on the ground whereupon he cried out by and by in the hearing of many That He was fallen who had raysed him up to his high place of dignitie And albeit he knew these were gladsome signes yet standing fast still as it were upon his guard he kept himselfe within the bounds of Dacia fearing even for all this many accidents for he thought it no point of wisedome to trust in conjectures which peradventure would fall out contrarie Whiles hee stood thus doubtfull and in suspence behold all on a suddaine there came as embassadours sent unto him Theolaiphus and Aligildus with tidings That Constantius was deceased and saying moreover That by the last words he spake he nuncupated him successor in his imperiall throne Which being knowne after he was exempt from dangerous broyles

discomfite and scatter the nations that had layed their heads together and banded themselves to worke the Romanes mischiefe and how to foresee that his armie like to raunge divers waies wanted not victuals As he pondered and carefully cast these matters in his mind a multitude of enemies giveth an attempt upon him mightily enstamed with hope to win the towne and the more confident in this their enterprise because they had learned by the information of certaine fugitives that neither the band of the b Scutarij nor e Gentiles were there as being bestowedin sundry townships for their better feeding and diet When he had therefore shut the citie gates and fortified that part of the wall which was weake and undefensable himselfe in person together with the armed souldiers was usually seene both day and night among the bulwarkes and battlements in boyling heat of anger fretting to himselfe and gnashing his teeth That having many times gone about to sally and breake out upon the enemies he was ever checked and impeached by reason of the small forces that he had presently about him But in the end after thirtie daies the Barbarians went away ill appaied and sad mumbling softly to themselves That vainely and foolishly they had ever thought of besieging the citie Besides all this a thing that must be imputed as a great indignity whiles Caesar was in this jeopardie Marcellus Generall of the Horse who abode then but in the next stations drave off to aid him whereas albeit the citie had beene distressed without the princes beeing there it ought to have beene rescued and delivered from the calamities that follow a siege by making head againe with another power CHAP. II. The vertues of Iulianus beseeming a magnanimous prince Ammianus Marcellinus exactly describeth CAesar a prince right puissant and of wonderfull action was no sooner freed from this feare but in that constant carefulnes which he alwaies carried he provided for his souldiors that after their long travaile they might have some rest though but short yet sufficient to refresh their strength albeit those lands soulely out of order by reason of extreame want as having beene so often wasted affoorded but small meanes meet for the maintenance of life But when with watchfull diligence order was taken also in this behalfe his mind being lifted up with a sprinckling of more plentifull hope of prosperous successe he bent the same to the practise and performance of many worthie parts The first thing therefore that he did hard though it were was this that he enjoyned unto himselfe temperance and kept the same still living as if he had been tied to the d Sumptuarie lawes which being from the Oracles of Lycurgus that is to say The shing les or tables of wood called Axones brought over to Rome long time observed and beginning to grow out of use Sylla the Dictator by little and little restored making this account and that out of the prophesies or sage sayings of Democritus That Fortune setteth out a sumptuous and superfluous table bat Vertue a scant and frugall For Cato Tusculanus also who in regard of his severe and precise life came to be surnamed Censorius wisely defining of this point Great care thou hast quoth he of trim furniture and as great carelesnesse of vertue Furthermore reading continually as he did a little booke which Constantius sending his sonne in law to the Vniversitie had written with his owne hand setting down an order over-liberally What should be the expence of Caesars boord he expressely forbad That Fesant and the daintie meat made of the mother and udder of a young sow that newly farrowed should be called for and served up to the table as contenting himselfe with the course meat and such as came next to hand of a common labouring souldior Hereupon it happened that hee divided the nights according to a tripartite or threefold function For sleepe for affaires of State and for his booke a course that Alexander the Great as we read used to take But this our prince did the same more stoutly of the twaine For Alexander having a bason or pan of brasse set beneath by his beds side held with his arme stretched out of the bed a silver ball that as sleepe came upon him and had let loose the stiffe sinewes of his joints by the ringing sound that the said ball made when it fell downe he might breake off his sleepe But Iulian without any such devise or meanes wakened as oft as he would and rising alwaies at midnight not out of a featherbed or from under coverings of silke glittering againe with sundrie bright colours but from a quilt or tapistrie carpet spred on the ground or some homely rugge which the simple common people tearme Susurna secretly did his devotions and prayed unto Mercurie who as we are taughtout of the learning of Theologie is the swift intelligence of the world stirring up the motion of our minds and in so great want of things upon sure advertisements provided for the Commonweale After which high and serious businesses ended he turned himselfe to the exercise of his wit and a man would not beleeve with how great and ardent desire in seeking after the profound knowledge of principall matters and in gathering together certaine forage and stoovet as it were for to feed his mind climbing up still unto higher points of learning he by way of wise disputation ran through all parts of Philosophie But yet how effectually and fully soever he got the furniture hereof he did not cast at his heeles the meaner sciences as having an indifferent good insight into Poetrie and Rhethoricke as may appeare by the uncorrupt elegance and mildnesse of his Orations and Epistles joyned with gravitie as also into the manifold histories both of our owne and also of forraine acts Besides all this he was able to discourse and deliver his mind sufficiently in the Latine tongue If then it be true which divers writers report That king Cyrus Simonides the Lyricke Poet and Hippias Elêus that most quicke and eagre Sophister had excellent memories for that they attained thereto by drinking certaine medicines we are to thinke verily that this man also being then come to his full growth dranke up a whole tunne of Memorie if possibly it might any where be found And these truly were the nightly signes of his modest temperance and other vertues But as touching that which he delivered by way of gallant speech or pleasant conceit or how he behaved himselfe in the preparation for fight or in the very conflict of battaile it selfe as also what enormities in the civile State he resormed by his magnanimitie and the libertie that he tooke it shall be shewed particularly in due place Whē he was compelled being a student yet in Philosophie to exercise the first essayes and introductions to militarie knowledge as a prince learned the artificiall feat of footing with measures the warlike dance in armes to the musicke of

of proofe and cleane strength of bodie surpassing all others Well whiles in the first impression and brunt by unexpected attempts and enterprises these designes are put in execution the king in person with his own people and those nations which were under his conduct turning his journey toward the right hand from a place called Bebases according as Antoninus had given counsell by the way of Horte Meiacarire and Charcha as if he would passe by Amida when hee was come neere unto certaine fortresses of the Romanes whereof the one had to name Reman the other Busan learned by the relation and intelligence given of certain fugitives that many mens wealth and riches was thither brought kept safe thereas in holds seated very high sure withall They said also That together with house-hold goods of great price there was found there a beautifull dame and her daughter a little one the wife that ladie was of one Craugasius a Nisibene a man of bourgesse degree for birth reputation and power of good regard and esteeme The king therefore in a greedie desire to catch hold of other mens goods maketh hast and confidently assayleth the sayd holds whereupon the defendants in a suddaine amazednesse of mind as beeing affrighted with the sight of such varietie of armour and weapons betrayed all those that fled thither for succour and defence and when those had commaundement to depart they presently rendered up the keyes of the gates Thus when the entries were laid open whatsoever had bene bestowed there was taken forth and the silly women astonied at the noise then made were brought out yea and the babes in their mothers armes clasping close unto them put to the experience poore wretches in the very beginning of their tender yeares of grievous miseries and calamities Now when as the king by enquiring and demaunding whose wife the dame aforesaid was had found that Craugasius was her husband he permitted her fearing that some violence should be offered unto her person confidently to come neere unto him and when hee had seene her all covered over with a blacke veile saving onely her very lips he right courteously confirmed and settled her now in a more assured hope of recovering her husband and the safe keeping withall of her honestie undefiled For hearing that her husband was wonderfully enamoured of her he supposed verily that by this price and beneficiall reward hee might bee able to purchase the betraying of Nisibis And yet there were found other virgines also there which according to the Christian Religion were consecrated unto the service of God whom he commanded to be kept untouched and to performe their religious service after their wonted manner without impeachment of any person whatsoever Thus made he semblance for the present of mildnesse to the end that all those whom before time he terrified with crueltie might without feare of themselves come in as being by such fresh and late examples persuaded that he had now tempered the greatnesse of his fortune with a civile and courteous deportment THE XIX BOOKE CHAP. 1. Sapor lifted up with this small victorie besiegeth Amida not without danger The sonne of king Grumbates a young gentleman is pierced through the bodie with the shot of a Balist and with royall funerals lamented THe king right joyous for this miserable captivitie that happened on our part and waiting still for the like successes departed thence and marching softly came by the third day before Amida Now when the day-light first appeared all the countrey over as farre as could be seene shone againe with glittering armour and weapons and the men of armes with their bard horses all in complete harneis covered both hill and dale Himselfe mounted upon a courser and higher than the rest advaunced before the whole armie wearing in lieu of a diademe the resemblance of a rams head of gold set with precious stones all goodly to be seene aloft accompanied with a traine of many high personages in honourable place and of divers and sundrie nations And for certaine it was knowne that he meant by way of parley onely and no farther to sound the defendants of the wals as hastening by the advice of Antoninus another way But the heavenly power to conclude the miseries of the whole empire of Rome within the compasse of one region restrained and curbed him as he infinitely bare himselfe aloft and weened verily that upon the very sight of him all the besieged would streightwaies for feare become heartlesse and fall in humble manner to entreatie Before the gates he rode braving up and downe accompanied with the guard of his royall band and whiles he over-boldly engageth himselfe so neere as that his very visage might openly be knowne a faire marke he was by reason of his goodly ornaments to be shot at with arrowes other casting-weapons whereby he had surely beene overthrowne and layed along but that through the dust that arose from the archers and darters they lost the sight of him and so with the rent of a part of his garment by the shot of a barbed-headed javelin he gat away and escaped to do afterwards an infinit deale of mischiefe Hereupon raging against them no lesse than if they had beene sacrilegious spoylers of some holy temple and giving it out That the lord of so many kings and nations was violated hee made great preparation and mightily endevoured utterly to rase and destroy the citie And when his chiefe and principall captaines besought him that by falling thus into an excessive fit of choler he would not give over and leave his glorious-begun enterprises being with their most mild petition pacified he decreed That the morrow also the defendants might bee summoned to surrender And therefore at the first breaking of the day Grumbates king of the Chionites to performe his diligent service in this behalfe boldly approched the walls having a strong guard about him of right expert and nimble servitours who was no sooner espied comming now within the reach of a dart shot by a most skilfull archer that had a very good eye but bending his crosse-bow hee levelled at his sonne in the very prime of his youthfull yeares as he stood close to his fathers side pierced his curace and shot him through breast and all a gallant gentleman for talnesse of personage and goodly presence surmounting all his equals in age At whose fall his countreymen slipped away every one and fled but returning anone againe upon good reason and due consideration least he should be harried away they strucke up the al'arme and raysed together a number of nations with their dissonant out-cries by whose concourse and encounter whiles the darts flew to and fro as thicke as hayle there was a cruell fight and after deadly skirmishes which lasted to the end of the day when as now it grew to be night the corpes with much adoe protected hardly by the mist and darknesse of the night was gotten out among heapes of slaine bodies and streames

cause unto the Senat. Who finding by the equall ballance of justice how the case stood and thereupon confining him to Boae a place in Dalmatia could hardly endure the Emperours wrath who chafed mightily when hee understood that a man destined as himselfe intended to death had his punishment by a milder sentence For these and many such like examples the daungers seene in a few men begun to feare would light upon them And least if so many enormities being winked at and creeping on still by little and little there might grow whole heapes of miseries by vertue of a decree passed by the Nobilitie embassadors were dispatched unto the Emperour by name Pretextatus who had beene Prefect of the citie Venustus sometime deputie-Prefect and Minervius late a Consular Governor of a Province with this supplication That there should not bee inflicted punishment more grievous than the offences required and that no Senatour after an unexampled and unlawfull manner might be exposed unto tortures Who being admitted into the Consistorie when they made report of these particulars aforesaid as Valentinian denied that ever he ordained such a course and cryed out that he was traduced and sustained abuse Eupraxius the Questor in modest tearmes reproved him for it By whose libertie of speech that cruell proceeding thus begun which exceeded all precedents of rigour was reformed About this time Lollianus a young gentleman in the verie prime of his youth the sonne of Lampadius who had beene Prefect being by Maximinus who looked narrowly into his cause convicted to have copied forth a booke of divelish arts when by reason of yong yeres his head was not well stayed and upon the point to be sent into exile as it was feared at the motion and instigation of his father appealed to the Emperour And being commaunded to be led from thence unto his Counsell which was as they say out of the smoke in the flame was delivered over to Phalangius the governour of the province Baetica and lost his life by the hangmans hand Over and besides these Taratius Bassus afterwards Prefect of the citie and his brother Camenius likewise one Marcianus and Eusaphius all noble persons and of Senators degree were brought into question and had their triall for that as privie all to one and the same practise of sorcerie they were named to favour and make much of Auchenius the Chariotier but for that the evidences and proofes were as then but doubtfull they went away quit by the meanes and helpe of Victorinus as the running rumour went who was a most inward friend to Maximinus Neither escaped women free but had their part also no lesse in the like calamities For even of this verie sex were many of high birth put to death as guiltie of the foule crimes either of adulterie or whoredome among whom Claritas and Flaviana were of greatest name of which the one being led to execution they stripped so neere out of all her apparell wherewith she was clad that shee was not permitted to keepe about her so much as would suffice to cover her secret parts And therefore the executioner convicted to have committed a most lewd and shamefull fact was burnt quicke Moreover Pafius and Cornelius Senators both convinced to have polluted themselves with the damnable sleights of poisoning and sorcerie were by the definitive sentence of the same Maximinus put to death In like sort also the d Procurator of the Mint lost his life For Sericus and Asbolius afore named because in exhorting them to appeach and name in any place whom they thought good hee promised faithfully with an othe That he would commaund none of them to bee punished either by fire or sword he caused to be killed with the mightie pelts of e plumbets And after this he awarded Campensis the Soothsayer to the flaming fire for that in his affaire he was not tyed to any such othe And now convenient it is as I suppose to declare the cause that drave headlong upon his owne death and destruction Aginatius a man of noble auncestors descended according as it hath beene constantly reported For as touching this matter there be no evident records extant Maximinus whiles he was yet Prefect of the corne and victuals puffing and brawling still in a proud spirit of his owne and having gotten no meane instigations and incouragement of boldnesse proceeded so farre as to the contempt of Probus in the ranke of right honourable persons the greatest of all other and by vertue of the Prefecture of the Pretorium a governor of provinces Which Aginatius taking to be a mightie indignitie setting it also to his heart that in examining of causes Olybrius had preferred Maximinus before him considering himselfe had been deputie-Prefect of Rome secretly in familiar talke shewed unto Probus That the vaine man spurning as he did against persons of high desert might be overthrowne and brought to confusion if he thought so good These letters as some affirmed Probus sent making no bodie privie therto but the bearer unto Maximinus as standing in great feare of him growne now more cunning and expert in doing mischiefe and besides in grace and reputation with the Emperour Which when he had read the man fell into such a heat of rage that from thenceforth hee bent all his engines and levelled his bolts at Aginatius like to some serpent wounded and squized by a knowne person Beside this there was another greater cause of practising the overthrow of Aginatius the which brought him to utter destruction For he accused Victorinus now dead That whiles he lived hee had sold the friendship of Maximinus and gained by his proceedings by whose last will and testament himselfe had received no small legacies And in like malapert saucinesse he threatened his wife Anepsia to go to law and by litigious suits to molest her Who fearing these troubles to the end she might be protected also by the aid of Maximinus feined and devised That her husband in his wil which he lately made left unto him a legacie of three thousand pound weight in silver Who burning in excessive desire and covetousnesse for he was not without this vice also claimed the one moitie of the inheritance But not resting contented herewith as being but a small portion and nothing sufficient he devised another feat which as hee thought was both honest and safe and because he would not forgo his hold of so good meanes offered unto him to gaine a wealthie patrimonie he sued to have the daughter in law of Victorinus whom his wife Anepsia bare unto a former husband for to be his sonnes wife the which with the assent of the woman was soon obtained and concluded CHAP. IIII. The detestable sleights and practises of Maximinus that he might continue still in that butcherly execution of his now being created Prefectus Pretorio Divers successors after him in the Prefectship of the citie the last of whom exceedeth the crueltie

Sellacurulis A certaine chaire or seat of estate one of the regall ensignes at Rome belonging to the Kings afterwards to Consuls c. It was made of Ivorie Annotations and conjectures upon the 26. Booke a SIgna A place in the campe where the Aegle standerd and other militarie ensignes stood where the Tribunes and chiefe officers quartered and souldiors punished b The odde day which everie fourth yeare arising out of the six excrescent howers in each yeare maketh the leape yeare is called Bissextus which is occasioned hereby the 2● of Februarie is the 6. day before the Kalends of March Now when this day commeth unto it and maketh 29. dayes of that moneth the day following the said foure and twentieth is the 6. day likewise before the Kalends and therefore they used to reckon that sixt day twice and the yeare thereupon is called Bissextilis and Intercalaris of the odde day put betweene c The imaginarie circle in heaven through which the Sunne and other Planets runne their race in twelve signes is called Zodiak of Zodion in Greeke a little living creature because those twelve signes are represented by certaine creatures as the Ram Bull c. d Intercalation is a putting betweene of a moneth or dayes thereby to defer or delay e Martenses were a companie of souldiors serving under Dux Armoricani tractus and N●rvicani Notit They served in the marches and limits f Patricij were the Nobilitie of Rome and the Senators degree g Divit●nses Souldiors so called of Divitum or Divetum a Mediterranean or inland towne in Sicilie Tungritani or Tungricani of Tungri a towne in Secunda Germania h Pomponius Latus maketh mention of Constantia a daughter that Constantius Chlorus the father of Constantine had by his wife Theodora But I read not elsewhere of this Anastasia i Heliogabolus assumed unto him the firname of Antoninus unworthily as degenerating from that line and name which seven Emperours before him bare and himselfe was the last so stiled Ael Lamprid. k How Alexander Severus with his mother Mam●●● was killed see Ae●●ilius Lamprid. l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is to say a dart or javelin It seemeth it was a long narrow and strait passage m See a little before at the letter g. n To wit with yron hookes and beasts clawes o Phalaris a most cruell tyrant of the Agrigentines who devised a brazen bull to torment condemned persons in by making a fire under it causing them to frye within it and bellow like a bull But both the artisan Perillus who made this bull was for proofe of his handiworke by the tyrants commaundement tortured therein and Phalaris himselfe also in a commotion of the people worthily put into it and so ended his tyrannie p It may be collected that by Defensores are meant here certaine officers or Magistrats in Cities and great Provinciall Townes called Municipia which were Protectors of the Commons in them like as Tribuni Plebis among the Romanes for here is no mention made of besieging or assaulting this citie But if the reader will understand it of the defendants upon the walls and generally of the citizens that withstood a siege which here may be implyed I will not be against him Annotations and conjectures upon the 27. Booke a WHat Souldiours these Divitenses and Tungricani were hath beene shewed before b Armaturae signifieth a certaine militarie exercise in Vegetius whereto young souldiors were trayned by the Campiductores also light armours and the souldiors so trayned and so armed But I suppose in this place are meant a certaine Palatine Schola or companie of souldiours about the Emperour whereof Notitia speaketh and I have written somewhat before c Hastarij and Hastati were Pyke-men or Speare-men who in libera Repub. Romanorum fought in the vaward before the Principia as is to bee seene in Titus Livius everie where Howbeit in the later times of the Emperours and in Vegetius dayes Principes were marshalled in the vantguard and Hastati in the battaile and middle and even so much Amm. Marcell in one place seemeth to shew d That part of Tuscia or Tuscane which was more up-land into the countrey and therefore better for corne was so called for distinction from that which was Maritime e A part of Rome was seated on the other side of the river Tiberis and thereupon called Transtiberina regio f This hearbe because it delighteth to grow upon wals we commonly call Pellitarie of the wall for Parietarie The scoffe will fit those well that love to write their names on everie wall g h These were built by Constantine the Great Where note that howsoever Malleolus be by Marcellinus described elsewhere as a fire-dart or engine in warre yet here Malleoli be certaine bundles of tow drie stickes or such light fewell ap● to take fire besmeared with pitch bitumen or such matter used to set houses on fire as Cicero chargeth Catiline with provision of them ad incendium urbis or to throw downe the walls upon enemies that are readie to assault or upon their engines and fabrickes We may in these dayes call them balls of wild-fire There is use of them also to kindle and make fire without such intent as we read how the Gothes kindled them ad Carraginem i. their campe or strength ●enced with their carts and carriage Am. Marcell lib. 31. i Of Bellona She is taken to be the same that Minerva according to that of Virgil Praeses Titonia belli See before ●k Of Magister Memoriae have recourse to the note before l As Comes was in dignitie before Dux so he is here set in the first place like as in the Notitia also he is called Comes Maritimi tractus for that he kept the coasts of the East side of the island like as the Lord Warden of the Cinque ports in these dayes Afterwards Comes limitis Saxonici per Britanniam was crected against the invasion of the Saxons who had then set foot on that side of the island and encroached farther m As Comes Maritimi tractus had the charge of the sea coasts so Dux Britannioe of the Mediterrancan and inland parts what forces and legions were under the one and the other yee may find in Notitia Occidentalis Imperis n Yet note that Dux hath a reference to the Marches of the Empire for the inland part of Britannie was neerer to the limits of the Empire than the sea coast whereof there was a Comes o Iovis either are the same that Ioviani before erected by Diocletian who named himselfe Iovius or else levied out of a nation in Gaule so called As for Victores they were haply souldidiors of Victrix legio that served in Britannie or tearmed of Victoria a place in Britannie as we find in Notitia or else so called boni ominis causa p Diocmitoe were light appointed horsemen and halfe armed for better expedition to pursue and follow in chase whereof they had that name q Meniana were buildings jutting forth into