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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48434	The harmony, chronicle and order of the New Testament the text of the four evangelists methodized, story of the acts of the apostles analyzed, order of the epistles manifested, times of the revelation observed : all illustrated, with variety of observations upon the chiefest difficulties textuall & talmudicall, for clearing of their sense and language : with an additional discourse concerning the fall of Jerusalem and the condition of the Jews in that land afterward / John Lightfoot ...	Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675.	1655 (1655)	Wing L2057; ESTC R21604	312,236	218

plentifully indued with these extraordinary indowments 1 Tim. 4.14 And Paul himself had his Books for study or he had them to no purpose 2 Tim. 4.13 And indeed it hath been the way of God he hath instructed his people by a studious and learned Ministry ever since he gave a written word to instruct them in 1. Who were the standing Ministry of Israel all the time from the giving of the Law to the Captivity into Babel Not Prophets or those inspired men for they were but occasionall Teachers and there were often long spaces of time wherein no Prophet appeared but the Priests and Levites that became Learned in the Law by study Deut. 33.10 Hos. 4 6. Mal. 2.7 And for this end as hath been touched they were disposed into 48 Cities of their own as so many Universities where they studied the Law together and from thence were sent out into the severall Synagogues to teach the people and had the Tithes paid them for their maintenance whilest they studied in the Universities and for their preaching in the Synagogues And it may be observed that even they that had the prophetick spirit did not only study the Scriptures themselves Iosh. 1.8 Dan. 9.1 but sent the people for instruction to the Priests who were students and the standing Ministry Hag. 2.11 Mal. 2.7 2. If you consider the times under the second Temple then it was utterly impossible that the people should be taught but by a studious and learned Ministry for the spirit of Prophesie was departed and the Scriptures were then in an unknown tongue to all but Students And hence they had an interpreter in every Synagogue to render into the Vulgar what was read in the Law and the Prophets in the Originall So that the Spirit of God inspired certain persons whom he pleased to be the revealers of his will till he had imparted and committed to writing what he thought fit to reveal under the Old Testament and when he had compleated that the holy Ghost departed and such inspirations ceased And when the Gospel was to come in then the Spirit was restored again and bestowed upon severall persons for the revealing further of the minde of God and compleating the work he had to do for the setling of the Gospel and penning of the New Testament and that being done these gifts and inspirations cease and may no more be expected then we may expect some other Gospel yet to come PARERGON Concerning the FALL of JERUSALEM AND The Condition of the Iews in that Land after BEing come so near to the time of the destruction of Ierusalem as that it is but three years and an half and a little more from the time we have concluded with unto it and having so frequent occasion to mention that destruction and vengeance upon that Nation as we have had It may not be amisse to drive so farre further as to take a view of such a spectacle not that we go about to write the History of their Warres and ruine which were but to transcribe Iosephus who is in every mans hand but to take a brief account of the times thit●er and of the condition of the Nation in that Land afterward the History of which is not altogether so obvious as the other by both which we may not only see the performance of those threatnings of vengeance that had been so abundantly given but may the better judge wherein that vengeance did chiefly consist CHRIST LXVII NERO. XIII IN this thirteenth Year of Nero therefore Vespasian cometh Generall into Iudea to undertake that Warre A second Nebuchadnezzar an instrument of the Lord raised up to execute his vengeance upon that Nation now the Nation of his curse and to destroy their City and Temple as the other had done And as severall strange occurrences befell that destroyer recorded in the Book of Daniel so did divers strange things also befall this recorded by the Roman Historians with one consent As Nilus flowing a handfull higher on that day that he came into Alexandria then ever it did in one day before A Vision that he had in the Temple of Serapis of his servant Basilides who was known to be at that instant fourscore miles off sick And especially his healing of a blinde mans eyes by anointing them with his spittle and curing a lame mans hand by treading upon it with his foot To which may be added those that were accounted the presages of his reigning as a cypresse tree in his ground clean rooted up by the windes over night grew strait up again and well in the morning An Ox came and laid him down at his feet and laid his neck under his feet at one time as he sat at meat and a dog came and brought him a dead mans hand at another Now not to dispute whether all these things were true or no nor by what power they were wrought certainly they set the man in the eyes of men as a man of rarity and as he was designed by God for a singular work so did these things make him to be a man looked upon as one of some singular omen and fortune His work in the Jewish Warres this year was more especially in Galilee where first coming to Ptolemais the men of Sipphoris the greatest City there come peaceably and yieldingly to him and they had done so indeed before to Cestius Gallus Iosephus who afterward wrote the History of these Warres was now a great party in them having fortified many Cities and places in Galilee and being the chiefest that in those parts stood against the Romanes First he findes them work at Iotepata which indures a very sharp siege and puts the Romanes to very sharp service before it be taken At last after about fifty daies siege Vespasian enters it Iuly 1. There Iosephus himself is taken and foretels Vespasian that he should be Emperour Iopp● taken presently after and Tiberias yielded and Taricheae taken and 6500 slain there Gamala gained Octob. 23. and divers other places brought in this year either by storm or surrender which Iosephus recordeth the story of de Bello lib. 3. through the whole Book and lib. 4. to the end of the ninth Chapter which he concludes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thus was all Galilee subdued CHRIST LXVIII NERO. XIV VESPASIAN therefore having subjected and setled Galilee he fals this year to work in Iudaea and indeed there the Jews fall to bitter work among themselves For all the unquiet spirits whom the Warre had prosecuted and hunted from other parts or whose turbulency desired to be in action were flocked hither so that Ierusalem and Iudaea were filled full of men and trouble and quickly full of famine blood and all manner of misery The dolefull story Iosephus gives at large as also what the Romanes did among them this year de Bello lib. 4. whither the reader may have recourse This year Nero died by his own hand to escape publick and more shamefull execution In him ended

Amen Min Ne was full of Israelites double the number of those that came out of Egypt c. But they were all slain by Alexander But after this it was re-peopled again from the time of Onias who built there a great Temple and an Altar and all the men of Egypt went thither c. And there was a great Congregation there double to the number of those that came out of Egypt Fol. 14. Of this Temple built by Onias in Egypt Iosephus maketh mention Antiq. lib. 13. cap. 6. And the Talmud in Menacheth cap. 13. So that Christ being sent into Egypt was sent among his own Nation who had filled that Countrey The time that he was in Egypt was not above three or four moneths so soon the Lord smote Herod for his butchery of the innocent children and murtherous intent against the Lord of Life Ioseph and Mary being called out of Egypt after Herods death intend for Iudaea again thinking to go to Bethlehem but the fear of Archelaus and the warning of an Angel directs them into Galilee They knew not but that Christ was to be educated in Bethlehem as he was to be born there therefore they kept him there till he was two years old and durst not take him thence till fear and the warrant of an Angel dismisseth them into Egypt And when they come again from thence they can think of no other place but Bethlehem again till the like fear and warrant send them into Galilee CHRIST III. IV. V. VI. VII VIII IX X. XI There is none of the Evangelists that recordeth any thing concerning Christ from the time of his return out of Egypt till he come to be twelve years old which was for the space of these years For the better understanding of which times let us take up some few passages in Iosephus Antiq. lib. 17. cap. 10. Herod saith he reigned 34 years from the time that Antigonus was taken away and 37 years from the time that he was first decl●red King by the Romans And again in the same Book cap. 15. In the tenth year of the reign of Archelaus the people not enduring his cruelty and tyranny they accused Archelaus to Caesar and he banished him to Vienna And a little after Cyrenius was sent by Caesar to tax Syria and to confiscate Archelaus his goods And lib. 18. cap. 1. Coponius was also sent with Cyrenius to be governour of Judea And ibid. cap. 5. Coponius returning to Rome Marcus Ambibuchus becometh his Successor in that government And after him succeeded Annius Rufus in whose time died Caesar Augustus the second Emperour of the Romans Now when Augustus died Christ was fourteen years old as appeareth from this that he was 29. years old compleat and beginning to be thirty in the fifteenth year of Tiberius the Emperour next succeeding Luke 3.1 2. Reckon then these times that Iosephus hath mentioned between the death of Herod and the death of Augustus namely the ten years of Archelaus and after them the government of Coponius and after him Ambibuchus and after him Rufus and it will necessarily follow that when Herod slew Bethlehem children Christ being then two years old it was the very last year of his reign SECTION VIII LUKE Chap. II. from Ver. 40. to the end of the Chapter CHRIST at twelve years old sheweth his wisedom among the Doctors At the same age had Solomon shewed his wisedom in deciding the controversie between the two harlots Ionic Martyr in Epist. ad Mignos World 3939 Rome 765 Augustus 42 CHRIST XII Archelaus 10 IT is very easie to see the subsequence of this Section to that preceding Since there is nothing recorded by any of the Evangelists concerning Christ from his infancy till he began to be thirty years old but only this Story of his shewing his wisedom at twelve years old among the Doctors of some of the three Sanhedrins that sate at the Temple for there sate one of 23. Judges in the East-gate of the Mountain of the house called the gate Shushan Another of 23. in the gate of Nicanor or the East-gate of the Court of Israel And the great Sanhedrin of 71. Judges that sate in the Room Gazith not farre from the Altar Though Herod had slain the Sanhedrin as is related by Iosephus and divers others yet was not that Court nor the judiciary thereof utterly extinguisht but revived again and continued till many years after the destruction of the City His Story about this matter is briefly thus given by the Babylon Talmud in Bava Bathra fol. 3. facic 2. Herod was a servant of the Armenian Family He set his eyes upon a girl of it One day the man heard a voice from Heaven Bath Kol which said Any servant that rebelleth this year shall prosper He riseth up and slayeth all his Musters but left that girl c. And whereas it is said Thou shalt set a King over thee from among thy brethren which as the glosse there tells us their Rabbies understood of the chiefest of thy brethren he rose up and slew all the great ones only he left Baba ben Bora to take counsell of him The glosse upon this again tells us That he slew not utterly all the great ones for he left Hillel and the sons of Betirah remaining and Iosephus relateth also that he spared Shammai to which Abraham Zaccuth addeth that Menahim and 80 gallant men of the chief of the Nation were gone over to his service and to attend upon him So that these of themselves and by ordination of others did soon repair that breach that his sword had made in the Sanhedrin he not resisting its erection again when he had now taken away the men of his displeasure Hillel was president and sate so fourty years and died by the Jews computation applied to the Christian account much about this twelfth year of Christ. For they say that he lived an hundred and twenty years the last fourty of which he spent in the Presidency of the Sanhedrin entring upon that dignity an hundred years before the destruction of the City Menahem was at first Vicepresident with him but upon his going away to Herods service Shammai came in his room and now two as eminent and Learned men sate in those two chairs as ever had done since the first birth of traditions Hillel himself was so deserving a man that whereas in the vacancy of the Presidentship by the death of Shemaiah and Abtalion R. Iudah and R. Ieshua the sons of Betirah might have taken the chairs they preferred Hillel as the worthier person Talm. Ierus in Pissachin fol. 33. col 1. He bred many eminent scholers to the number of fourscore the most renowned of which by name were Ionathan ben Vzziel the Chaldee Paraphrast and Rabban Iocanan ben Zaccai both probably alive at this year of Christ and a good while after The latter was undoubtedly so for he lived to see the destruction of the City and Temple and sate President in the

Spirit to a great and high mountain Compare Ezek. 40.2 That great City holy Ierusalem c. This referres to great dimensions of Ezekiels Ierusalem as also to the squarenesse the three gates of a side c. The glory of it described from thence and from Isa. 58.8 60.2 3. 54.11 12 c. The wall of it 12000 furlongs square or 1500 miles upon every quarter East West North and South 3000 miles about and 1500 miles high Wall of salvation Isa. 26.1 60.14 The foundations of the wals garnished with twelve precious stones see Isa. 54.11 as the stones in the Ephod or holy Breastplate three upon every side as these were three and three in a row The first foundation stone here is the Iaspar the stone of Benjamin for Pauls sake the great agent about this building of the Church of the Gentiles The Ierus Talmud in Peah fol. 15. col 3. saith expresly that the Iaspar was Benjamins stone for it saith Benjamins Iaspar was once lost out of the Ephod and they said Who is there that hath another as good as it Some said Damah the sonne of Nethina hath one c. And I saw no Temple therein c. ver 22. here this Ierusalem differs from Ezekiels that had a Temple this none and it is observable there that the platform of the Temple is much of the measures and fashion that the second Temple was of but the City of a compasse larger then all the Land which helpeth to clear what was said before of the double significancy of those things they promised them an earthly Temple which was built by Zerobabel but foretold a heavenly Ierusalem which is described here REVEL CHAP. XXII FRom Ezekiel Chap. 47. and from severall passages of Scripture besides Iohn doth still magnifie the glory happinesse and holinesse of the new Ierusalem Lively waters of clear Doctrine teaching Christ and life by him flowing through it continually Ezek. 7.1 9. Cant. 4.15 The Tree of Life lost to Adam and Paradise shut up against him to keep him from it here restored Then a curse here There shall be curse no more ver 3. See Zech. 14.11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anathema non erit amplius c. He concludeth These sayings are faithfull and true so he had said before at the marriage of the Lamb Chap. 19.9 and again at his beginning of the story of the new Ierusalem Chap. 21.5 referring to the severall Prophecies that had been of these things and now all those sayings and Prophecies were come home in truth and faithfulnesse He is commanded not to seal his Book as Daniel was Dan. 12.4 because the time of these things was instantly beginning and Christs coming to reveal his glory in avengement upon the Jewish Nation and casting them off and to take in the Gentiles in their stead was now at the door within three and an half or thereabout to come if we have conjectured the writing of this Book to its proper year There are two years more of Nero and one of confusion in the Roman Empire in the Warres of Otho Vitellius and Vespasian and the next year after Ierusalem fals And thus if this Book of the Revelation were written last of the Books of the new Testament as by the consent of all it was then may we say Now was the whole will of God revealed and committed to writing and from henceforth must Vision and Prophesie and Inspiration cease for ever These had been used and imparted all along for the drawing up of the minde of God into writing as also the appearing of Angels had been used for the further and further still revealing of his will and when the full revelation of that was compleated their appearing and revelations to men must be no more So that this Revelation to Iohn was the topping up and finishing of all revelations The Lord had promised that in the last daies of Ierusalem he would pour down of his Spirit upon all flesh Act. 2.17 And Christ promised to his Apostles that he would lead them into all truth Ioh. 16.12.13 To look for therefore the giving of those extraordinary gifts of the Spirit beyond the fall of Ierusalem there is no warrant and there is no need since when the inspired penmen had written all that the holy Ghost directed to write All truth was written It is not to be denied indeed that those that had these extraordinary gifts before the fall of Ierusalem if they lived after had them after for the promoting of these ends for which they were given but there is neither ground nor reason whereupon to beleeve that they were restored to the next generation or were or are to be imparted to any generation for ever For as it was in Israel at the first setling of their Church so was it in this case in the first setling of the Gospel The first fathers of the Sanhedrin in the wildernesse were indued with Divine gifts such as we are speaking of Numb 11.25 but when that generation was expired those that were to succeed in that Function and imployment were such as were qualified for it by education study and parts acquired So was it with this first age of the Gospel and the ages succeeding At the first dispersing of the Gospel it was absolutely needfull that the first planters should be furnished with such extraordinary gifts or else it was not possible it should be planted As this may appear by a plain instance Paul comes to a place where the Gospel had never come he staies a moneth or two and begets a Church and then he is to go his way and to leave them Who now in this Church is fit to be their Minister they being all alike but very children in the Gospel but Paul is directed by the holy Ghost to lay his hands upon such and such of them and that bestows upon them the gift of tongues and Prophesying and now they are able to be Ministers and to teach the Congregation But after that generation when the Gospel was setled in all the world and committed to writing and written to be read and studied then was study of the Scriptures the way to inable men to unfold the Scriptures and fit them to be Ministers to instruct others and Revelations and Inspirations neither needfull nor safe to be looked after nor hopefull to be attained unto And this was the reason why Paul coming but newly out of Ephesus and Crete when he could have ordained and qualified Ministers with abilities by the imposition of his hands would not do it but left Timothy and Titus to Ordain though they could not bestow those gifts because he knew the way that the Lord had appointed Ministers thence forward to be inabled for the Ministry not by extraordinary infusions of the Spirit but by serious study of the Scriptures not by a miraculous but by an ordinary Ordination And accordingly he gives Timothy himself counsell to study 1 Tim. 4.13 though he were

vetabantur mutilare genitalia In vit Hadrian Trajan put a restraint upon Christianity and persecuted it Plin. Epist. lib. 10. ep 97. It may be he did the like upon Judaism and that might move them to an insurrection The horrid Massacres that they committed in Cyrene Egypt and Cyprus might be looked upon as a just judgement for his persecution of Christianity if multitudes of Christians did not also perish in those slaughters if Ben Coziba were ringleader in them For Iustin Martyr Apol. 2. saith that Barchochebas brought Christians only to torture unlesse they would deny Christ and blashheme him And Euseb. in Chron. Chochebas the ringleader of the Iews put to death with all exquisite torture those Christians that would not assist him against the Romanes That is worth observing which is spoken by Ierus Ievamoth fol. 9. col 1. There were many that had retracted their foreskin in the daies of Bon Coziba were Circumcised again which R. Nissim speaks out more at large There were many Circumcised ones in the daies of Ben Coziba who had retracted their foreskin perforce in the Town of Bitter but the hand of Ben Coziba prevailed and reigned over them two years and an half and they were Circumcised again in his daies In Alphes in Iovam fol 428. their retracting their foreskin perforce speaks much like to that which was mentioned before out of Spartianus In these times also of Trajane I suppose there was an Edict against the Jews Ordination upon pain of death to him that did Ordain and him that was Ordained and ruine of the place where any Ordination should be Talm. Bab. Avodah Zarah fol. 8.2 And from the time of these tumults forward that began to take place which is spoken in Ierus Sanhed fol. 24. col 2. That in the daies of R. Simeon ben Iochai who was now alive the judging even in pecuniary matters was taken away In fol. 18. col 1. This is said to have been in the daies of Simeon ben Shetah but that is a mistake which is corrected in the place cited Upon these warres and tumults Hadrian forbids the Jews to go to Ierusalem or so much as to look upon it from any hill where it might be seen Euseb. hist. l. 4. c. 6. Tryphon the Jew that hath the long dispute with Iustin Martyr fled from these Warres Iustin. Dial. cum Tryph. he might very well be R. Tarphon a great associate with R. Akibah and one much mentioned in the Talmuds §. VI. The Sanhedrin at Vsha and Sheparaam 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rabban Simeon President THus did the just vengeance of God follow the Nation but farre were they from being rooted out and as farre from laying to heart any plague that light upon them Besides R. Akibah we can hardly name you another of note that perished in all those deadly combustions though some of them were in the thickest of the danger but reserved as it seemeth as a further plague for the seduction of their Nation Some of their expressions about the sad slaughter at Bethtar or Bitter are to this purpose The horses waded in blood up to the nostrils There were slain 400000 And Adrian walled a Vineyard of 16 miles about with dead bodies a mans height And there were found the brains of 300 children upon one stone and three chests full of tattared Phylacteries containing three bushels every chest Rabban Simeon ben Gamaliel saith there were 500 Schooles and to the least there belonged 500 Scholars and they said If the enemy should come against us we could prick out their eyes with our pens But when it came to it they folded them all up in their books and burnt them and there was not one of them left but only I. Not that he reckons himself in the number of the children for he was now well in years but that none of all that great University was left but himself And yet besides the eminent men that we have named there were R. Meir a great speaker in the Talmud but most commonly against the common vote R. Simeon ben Iochai and Eleazar his son the first Authors of the book Zohar R. Nathan the Authour of Avoth R. Iosi Galileus and his son Eliezer R. Iochanan ben Nuri. Ben Nanas R. Ioshua ben Korcha R. Eliezer ben Chasma and why should we reckon more when Berishith Rabba makes this Summa Totalis on Gen. 25. That R. Akibah had 24000 disciples Of some decretals made at Vsha you may reade Ierus in Rosh hashan fol. 58. col 3. Chetub fol. 28. col 3. In these times of Hadrian which we are yet upon Aquila the Proselyte was in being and in repute In Ierus Chagig fol. 77. col 1. he is introduced discoursing with Hadrian about the universe being supported by a Spirit In Megil fol. 71. col 3. It is said that Aquila the Proselyte interpreted the Law before R. Eliezer and R. Ioshua and they highly commended him for it and said Thou art fairer then the children of men By which it may be conjectured what a translation this was when these men so extolled it The Ierusalem Gemarists do cite his version Megil fol. 73. col 2. Succah fol. 53. col 4. Ioma fol. 41. col 1. and severall other places Rabban Simeon now President sate about thirty years namely from about the 6th or 8th of Hadrian to the 15th or 16th or thereabout of Antoninus Pius the honour and power of that Bench growing low and in the wane every day more then other This Rabban Simeon you have a great spokesman in the Talmud his grandfather of the same name that died with Ierusalem is seldom introduced speaking there Once you have him swearing by the Temple Cherithuth per. 1. halac 7. §. VII The Sanhedrin at Bethshaaraim Tsipporis and Tiberias R. Iudah President UPon the death of Rabban Simeon his sonne Rabbi Iudah succeeded him a man of note equall with if not above any named before him he bare not the title of Rabban as his Ancestors had done for five generations before him yet had he those appellations that dignified him equall with it he was called sometimes eminently Rabbi and no more sometime R. Iudah the holy sometimes our holy Rabbi sometime R. Iudah the Prince and oft in the Ierus Talmud R. Iudan Vid. Ierus Sanhedr fol. 30. col 1. where it speaks of all his Titles There are innumerable stories of him we shall only pick up those that are most pertinent to our present subject Iuchasin fol. 2. tels us that he was with the 70 of the Sanhedrin in Bethshaaraim Sipphoris and Tiberias and Tiberias was the tenth and last flitting that the Sanhedrin had How long in Bethshaaraim is uncertain and little is mentioned of that place but Sipphoris 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is famous It was the greatest City of Galilee Joseph de Bell. lib. 3. cap. 3. a place planted in a fruitfull situation for sixteen miles about it saith Talm. Ierus was a Land flowing with milk and