persuasion_n and_o a_o wellgrounded_n zeal_n let_v the_o world_n judge_n after_o so_o many_o testimony_n mr._n camden_n may_v very_o well_o say_v epist_n 19â—_n my_o life_n and_o my_o write_n shall_v apologise_v for_o i_o and_o despise_v the_o reproach_n of_o one_o ibid._n who_o do_v not_o spare_v the_o most_o reverend_a and_o learned_a prelate_n of_o our_o church_n epist_n 195._o nor_o be_v ashamed_a to_o bely_v the_o lord_n deputy_n of_o ireland_n and_o other_o of_o honourable_a rank_n in_o his_o write_n he_o be_v candid_a and_o modest_a in_o his_o conversation_n easy_a and_o innocent_a and_o in_o his_o whole_a life_n even_o and_o exemplary_a he_o die_v at_o chesilhurst_n the_o nine_o day_n of_o november_n 1623._o in_o the_o it_o be_v by_o a_o mistake_n in_o his_o monument_n 74._o 73d_o year_n of_o his_o age._n be_v remove_v from_o london_n on_o the_o nineteenth_o of_o the_o same_o month_n he_o be_v carry_v to_o westminster-abbey_n in_o great_a pomp_n the_o whole_a college_n of_o 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〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d near_o the_o great_a pillar_n on_o the_o far_a land_n the_o old_a iberian_o haughty_a soul_n command_v along_o the_o continent_n where_o northern_a sea_n rowl_n their_o vast_a tide_n and_o in_o cold_a billow_n rise_v where_o british_a nation_n in_o long_a tract_n appear_v and_o fair-skinned_a german_n ever_o fame_v in_o war_n for_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d where_o britain_n seem_v to_o have_v respect_n to_o those_o other_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o eustathius_n who_o write_v a_o comment_n upon_o he_o think_v the_o britain_n in_o gaul_n to_o be_v here_o mean_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v his_o word_n be_v of_o these_o britain_n the_o isle_n of_o britain_n over_o against_o they_o take_v their_o denomination_n but_o avienus_n and_o stephanus_n in_o his_o book_n of_o city_n be_v of_o another_o opinion_n religion_n religion_n moreover_o there_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o religion_n in_o both_o these_o 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have_v the_o same_o original_n though_o their_o initial_o be_v different_a lean_v from_o whence_o come_v original_o that_o name_n of_o lean-minster_n now_o lemster_n a_o very_a ancient_a nunnery_n among_o the_o britain_n the_o gaul_n say_v polybius_n call_v their_o mercenary_a soldier_n in_o their_o own_o language_n gaessatae_fw-la gaessatae_fw-la gaessatae_fw-la and_o the_o britain_n at_o this_o day_n call_v their_o hire_a servant_n servant_n servant_n gwâ_n a_o servant_n gwesin_n a_o petty_a servant_n guessin_n servius_n tell_v we_o that_o valiant_a man_n be_v by_o the_o gaul_n call_v gessi_fw-la gessi_fw-la gessi_fw-la and_o servant_n and_o guâsdewr_n signify_v a_o stout_a servant_n guassdewr_n among_o the_o britain_n signify_v a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a man_n hither_o also_o may_v be_v refer_v gesum_fw-la gesum_fw-la gesum_fw-la which_o be_v a_o weapon_n proper_a to_o the_o gaul_n as_o pilum_fw-la be_v to_o the_o roman_n and_o framea_fw-la to_o the_o german_n but_o of_o this_o 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the_o name_n come_v from_o the_o berones_n a_o ancient_a nation_n of_o spain_n which_o he_o say_v be_v former_o stipendiaries_n but_o that_o from_o the_o german_a bar_n i.e._n a_o free_a man_n please_v i_o better_o pâ—â—_n see_v gâ—â—stus_n pâ—â—_n the_o precise_a time_n when_o this_o name_n come_v into_o our_o island_n i_o have_v not_o discover_v the_o britain_n disown_n it_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o mention_n make_v of_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a law_n nor_o be_v it_o reckon_v in_o alfrick_n saxon_a glossary_n among_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n for_o there_o dominus_fw-la be_v turn_v laford_n which_o we_o have_v contract_v into_o lord_n lord_n lord_n and_o among_o the_o dane_n the_o free_a lord_n such_o as_o those_o baron_n be_v at_o this_o day_n be_v call_v thanes_z and_o as_o andreas_n velleius_n witness_n be_v still_o so_o term_v
among_o which_o be_v a_o pulpit_n of_o stone_n and_o a_o chapel_n wherein_o they_o say_v that_o jordan_n companion_n to_o st._n austin_n the_o english_a apostle_n be_v bury_v but_o it_o be_v now_o a_o free-school_n this_o place_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o private_a house_n be_v beautify_v on_o all_o side_n with_o public_a and_o stately_a building_n on_o one_o side_n with_o a_o collegiate_n church_n call_v gaunt_v from_o its_o founder_n sir_n henry_n gaunt_n knight_n who_o quit_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o world_n here_o dedicate_v himself_o to_o god_n now_o by_o the_o munificence_n of_o t._n car_n a_o wealthy_a citizen_n it_o be_v convert_v into_o a_o hospital_n for_o orphan_n on_o the_o other_o side_n over_o against_o it_o be_v two_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n austin_n the_o one_o but_o small_a and_o a_o parish-church_n the_o other_o large_a and_o the_o bishop_n cathedral_n adorn_v by_o king_n henry_n 8._o with_o six_o prebendary_n now_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v pull_v down_o and_o the_o college_n gate_n which_o indeed_o be_v curious_o build_v have_v this_o inscription_n rex_fw-la henricus_fw-la ii_o et_fw-la dominus_n robertus_n filius_n hardingi_n filii_fw-la regis_fw-la daciae_fw-la hvius_fw-la monasterii_fw-la primi_fw-la fundatores_fw-la extiterunt_fw-la that_o be_v king_n henry_n 2._o and_o lord_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o harding_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o monastery_n this_o robert_n harding_n robert_n call_v by_o the_o norman_n fitz_n harding_n harding_n son_n of_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o denmark_n be_v a_o alderman_n of_o bristol_n and_o be_v so_o great_a with_o king_n henry_n second_o henry_n the_o second_o that_o by_o his_o favour_n maurice_n his_o son_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n de_fw-fr barkley_n from_o whence_o his_o posterity_n barkley_n baron_n of_o barkley_n who_o flourish_v in_o great_a state_n be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v baron_n of_o barkley_n monastery_n 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be_v in_o this_o rescript_n of_o king_n hen._n 3._o 3._o patent_n a_o 1_o hen._n 3._o to_o peter_n de_fw-fr mawley_n which_o i_o will_v set_v down_o in_o order_n to_o incite_v other_o to_o spend_v their_o judgement_n upon_o it_o know_v you_o that_o we_o have_v receive_v the_o homage_n of_o our_o beloved_a uncle_n william_n earl_n of_o sarum_n for_o all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o hold_v of_o we_o especial_o for_o the_o county_n of_o somerset_n which_o we_o have_v give_v to_o he_o with_o all_o the_o appurtenance_n for_o homage_n and_o service_n reserve_v still_o to_o ourselves_o the_o royalty_n and_o therefore_o we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o grant_v he_o a_o full_a seisin_n of_o the_o say_a county_n with_o all_o its_o appurtenance_n and_o for_o the_o future_a not_o to_o intermeddle_v with_o any_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o say_a county_n etc._n etc._n and_o we_o charge_v all_o our_o earl_n baron_n knight_n and_o freetenent_n of_o the_o county_n of_o somerset_n that_o they_o pay_v fealty_n and_o homage_n to_o the_o say_a earl_n with_o reserve_v only_o of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n and_o that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o be_v obedient_a and_o answerable_a to_o he_o as_o their_o lord_n whether_o one_o may_v from_o hence_o conclude_v that_o he_o be_v earl_n of_o somerset_n as_o also_o of_o devonshire_n for_o he_o write_v too_o in_o the_o same_o word_n to_o robert_n courtney_n concern_v this_o william_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o other_o under_o this_o henry_n 3_o as_o we_o read_v in_o a_o book_n in_o french_a belong_v to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o mohun_v knight_n it_o be_v say_v that_o pope_n innocent_a on_o a_o solemn_a festival_n make_v reginald_n mohun_n earl_n of_o este_n i.e._n as_o our_o author_n interpret_v it_o of_o somerset_n deliver_v he_o a_o golden_a rose_n and_o grant_v a_o annual_a pension_n to_o be_v pay_v yearly_o at_o the_o altar_n of_o s._n paul_n in_o london_n so_o that_o this_o man_n seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v be_v 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die_v young_a john_n create_v by_o k._n henry_n 5._o first_o duke_n of_o somerset_n who_o have_v a_o only_a daughter_n margaret_n mother_z to_z k._n henry_n 7._o and_o edmund_n who_o succeed_v his_o brother_n in_o the_o dukedom_n and_o be_v for_o some_o time_n regent_n of_o france_n but_o be_v recall_v he_o be_v accuse_v of_o have_v lose_v normandy_n upon_o which_o account_n he_o suffer_v many_o indignity_n from_o the_o people_n and_o in_o that_o lamentable_a war_n between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o lancaster_n and_o york_n be_v slay_v in_o the_o first_o battle_n of_o s._n alban_n henry_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o who_o be_v a_o timeserver_n and_o one_o while_o side_v with_o the_o house_n of_o york_n another_z with_o the_o house_n of_o lancaster_n be_v by_o the_o york-party_n take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o hexam_n and_o have_v his_o levity_n punish_v d_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n and_o his_o brother_n edmund_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o this_o honour_n the_o last_o duke_n of_o somerset_n of_o this_o family_n after_o the_o defeat_n of_o the_o lancastrian_n party_n at_o tewksbury_n be_v drag_v be_v all_o over_o blood_n out_o of_o the_o church_n wherein_o he_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n and_o behead_v the_o legitimate_a heir_n male_a of_o this_o family_n be_v thus_o extinct_a first_o henry_n 7._o honour_a edmund_n his_o young_a son_n with_o this_o title_n who_o soon_o after_o die_v and_o next_o henry_n 8._o his_o natural_a son_n henry_n fitz-roy_a who_o die_v without_o issue_n edward_n 6._o invest_v etc._n invest_v sir_n edward_n etc._n etc._n edward_n de_fw-fr sancto_n mauro_n common_o call_v seimor_n with_o the_o same_o who_o be_v full_a of_o honour_n and_o as_o it_o be_v load_v with_o title_n for_o he_o be_v duke_n of_o somerset_n earl_n of_o hertford_n viscount_n beauchamp_n baron_n of_o s._n maur_n uncle_n to_o the_o king_n governor_n to_o
which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o house_n call_v break_v situate_v upon_o it_o brooâ—e_fw-fr baron_fw-fr brooâ—e_fw-fr this_o house_n be_v heretofore_o the_o seat_n of_o john_n pave_o lord_n of_o the_o hundred_o of_o westbury_n and_o afterward_o give_v the_o title_n of_o baron_n to_o rob._n willoughby_n because_o by_o the_o cheney_n he_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o family_n of_o pave_o when_o k._n henry_n 7._o create_v he_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o which_o king_n he_o be_v a_o great_a favourite_n and_o by_o he_o as_o it_o be_v report_v make_v etc._n make_v steward_z of_o his_o house_n and_o etc._n etc._n for_o some_o time_n lord_n high_a admiral_n for_o which_o reason_n he_o give_v the_o house_n the_o the_o rudder_n be_v paint_v in_o several_a glass-window_n of_o his_o house_n rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n for_o his_o cognizance_n as_o pompey_n the_o admiral_n of_o the_o roman_a navy_n stamp_v the_o stern_a on_o his_o medal_n but_o this_o family_n be_v soon_o extinct_a for_o he_o leave_v but_o one_o son_n robert_z baron_n brook_n who_o have_v by_o his_o first_o wife_n a_o son_n call_v edward_n who_o die_v in_o his_o father_n life-time_n and_o leave_v one_o daughter_n afterward_o marry_v to_o sir_n fulk_n grevil_n by_o his_o second_o wife_n he_o have_v two_o daughter_n by_o who_o this_o rich_a estate_n come_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o winchester_n and_o the_o lord_n montjoy_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o towards_o the_o east_n lie_v edindon_n edindâ—â—_n edindâ—â—_n heretofore_o eathandune_n where_o k._n alfred_n win_v the_o most_o glorious_a victory_n that_o ever_o be_v obtain_v over_o the_o ravage_v danes_n and_o drive_v they_o to_o that_o extremity_n that_o they_o solemn_o swear_v immediate_o to_o depart_v the_o land_n in_o this_o place_n also_o william_n de_fw-fr edindon_n bishop_n of_o winchester_n a_o great_a favourite_n of_o k._n edw._n 3._o who_o be_v bear_v here_o and_o from_o hence_o take_v his_o surname_n found_v a_o college_n for_o canon_n call_v bonhommes_n k_o upon_o a_o hill_n a_o little_a above_o on_o the_o same_o rivulet_n stand_v trubridge_n in_o old_a time_n truþabrig_n that_o be_v trubâ—â—_n trubâ—â—_n a_o strong_a or_o true_a bridge_n but_o for_o what_o reason_n it_o have_v this_o name_n do_v not_o at_o all_o appear_v now_o it_o be_v very_o note_v for_o the_o clothing-trade_n and_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o michaelmas_n of_o the_o castle_n say_v leland_n stand_v on_o the_o south_n side_n of_o the_o town_n it_o be_v now_o clean_o down_o there_o be_v in_o it_o seven_o great_a tower_n whereof_o some_o piece_n of_o two_o of_o they_o yet_o stand_v etc._n etc._n the_o earl_n of_o sarum_n be_v lord_n of_o thoroughbridge_n than_o the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o now_o the_o earl_n of_o hertford_n so_o he_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n for_o this_o county_n be_v annual_o hold_v in_o this_o town_n about_o michaelmas_n a_o castle_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n salisbury_n lancaster_n and_o sometime_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n l_o the_o avon_n be_v increase_v by_o this_o river_n water_v bradford_n â—radford_n â—radford_n in_o old_a time_n bradanford_n call_v so_o from_o the_o broad_a ford_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n and_o be_v build_v all_o of_o stone_n where_o a_o bloody_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o kenilwachius_n k._n of_o the_o westsaxons_a 652._o â—n_n 652._o and_o cuthr_v his_o kinsman_n here_o the_o avon_n leave_v wiltshire_n and_o enter_v into_o somersetshire_n run_v towards_o the_o bath_n m_o from_o hence_o the_o west_n limit_v of_o this_o shire_n go_v direct_o southward_a n_o by_o longleat_n â—ongleat_fw-la â—ongleat_fw-la the_o well-contrived_a and_o splendid_a house_n etc._n house_n in_o a_o foul_a soil_n which_o etc._n etc._n though_o more_o than_o once_o damnify_v by_o fire_n fair_a fire_n have_v rise_v eftsoons_o more_o fair_a of_o the_o knightly_a family_n of_o the_o thinness_n descend_v from_o the_o botevile_v of_o maiden-bradley_a â—aiden-â—radley_a â—aiden-â—radley_a so_o name_v because_o kidderminster_n because_o this_o be_v a_o vulgar_a fable_n the_o hospital_n be_v build_v long_o before_o the_o division_n of_o that_o estate_n among_o daughter_n see_v the_o addition_n to_o worcestershire_n under_o the_o title_n kidderminster_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o manasser_n bisset_n a_o famous_a man_n in_o his_o time_n be_v herself_o a_o leper_n build_v a_o hospital_n here_o for_o leprous_a maid_n and_o endow_v it_o with_o her_o inheritance_n her_o father_n have_v found_v a_o priory_n here_o stephen_n here_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o k._n stephen_n before_o stourton_n 6._o â—rons_n of_o â—ourton_n 〈◊〉_d hen._n 6._o the_o seat_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o stourton_n who_o be_v dignify_v with_o this_o title_n by_o k._n henry_n 6._o baronage_n 6._o this_o be_v a_o mistake_n for_o sir_n w._n stourton_n marry_v elizabeth_n heiress_n to_o sir_n john_n moigne_n long_o before_o hen._n 6.'s_n time_n viz._n 21_o ric._n 2._o see_v sir_n william_n dugdale_n baronage_n at_o which_o time_n a_o very_a great_a estate_n accrue_v to_o they_o by_o a_o marriage_n with_o the_o heiress_n of_o the_o family_n of_o le_fw-fr moign_n or_o monk_n not_o mohun_n as_o some_o have_v erroneous_o think_v and_o from_o thence_o their_o crest_n be_v a_o demi-monk_n with_o a_o penitential_a whip_v in_o his_o hand_n the_o town_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n stour_n which_o rise_v here_o out_o of_o six_o fountain_n between_o which_o proper_a the_o stourtons_n lord_n of_o this_o place_n bear_v for_o their_o arm_n a_o bend_n or_o in_o a_o field_n sable_a by_o the_o foresay_a maiden-bradley_n glide_v a_o rivulet_n call_v dever-ril_a â—ver_n â—ver_n because_o like_o anas_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o mole_n in_o surry_n which_o take_v their_o name_n from_o thence_o river_n thence_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o present_a to_o be_v hear_v of_o any_o such_o dive_v river_n it_o dive_v under_o the_o earth_n and_o a_o mile_n off_o rise_v up_o again_o and_o hasten_v to_o verlucio_n â—erlucio_fw-la â—erlucio_fw-la a_o very_a ancient_a town_n mention_v by_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o itinerary_n which_o name_n it_o have_v not_o yet_o quite_o lose_v be_v call_v werminster_n â—erminster_n â—erminster_n a_o compound_n of_o that_o old_a name_n and_o the_o saxon_a word_n minster_n which_o signify_v a_o monastery_n heretofore_o it_o have_v great_a privilege_n for_o it_o be_v record_v in_o the_o book_n which_o william_n the_o conqueror_n cause_v to_o be_v make_v that_o nec_fw-la geldavit_fw-la nec_fw-la hidata_fw-la fuit_fw-la that_o be_v it_o pay_v no_o tribute_n now_o it_o be_v only_o famous_a for_o a_o great_a saturday_n great_a keep_v on_o saturday_n corn-market_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v scarce_o credible_a what_o quantity_n of_o corn_n be_v every_o week_n carry_v hither_o and_o present_o sell_v clay-hill_n sell_v but_o for_o remnant_n of_o roman_a antiquity_n i_o can_v discover_v none_o here_o only_o on_o the_o east_n side_n be_v see_v some_o trench_n upon_o the_o hill_n and_o on_o the_o west_n a_o natural_a round_n and_o high_a cope_v hill_n call_v clay-hill_n p_o from_o this_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n north_n and_o east_n all_o along_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o down_n be_v so_o wide_a that_o there_o can_v scarce_o be_v any_o bound_n discover_v from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v the_o plain_n â—sbury-â—ns_a â—sbury-â—ns_a but_o thin_o inhabit_v and_o heretofore_o of_o bad_a repute_n for_o frequent_a robbery_n the_o south_n part_n of_o they_o be_v water_v by_o two_o pleasant_a river_n the_o willey-bourn_n the_o guilou_n of_o asserius_fw-la and_o the_o nad_a common_o call_v adderbourn_n willey-bourn_n have_v its_o first_o rise_n at_o werminster_n run_v by_o heitesbury_n or_o hegedsbury_n the_o feat_n of_o the_o baron_n of_o hungerford_n q_o utter_v q_o but_o in_o the_o church_n which_o have_v be_v collegiate_n there_o be_v see_v but_o one_o deface_v monument_n of_o they_o the_o last_o lord_n hungerford_n create_v by_o k._n henry_n 8._o have_v his_o denomination_n of_o this_o place_n but_o enjoy_v that_o honour_n a_o short_a while_n be_v condemn_v of_o a_o crime_n not_o to_o be_v utter_v to_o a_o village_n call_v willey_n opposite_a to_o which_o be_v see_v a_o very_a large_a military_a entrenchment_n fortify_v with_o a_o deep_a double_a ditch_n and_o call_v by_o the_o neighbour_a inhabitant_n yanesbury-castle_n â—nesbury_v â—nesbury_v from_o its_o figure_n any_o one_o may_v easy_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v a_o roman_a camp_n some_o think_v it_o be_v vespasian_n camp_n who_o be_v lieutenant_n of_o the_o 20_o legion_n under_o claudius_n subdue_v two_o nation_n in_o this_o part_n of_o england_n to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o some_o remain_v of_o vespasian_n name_n be_v think_v to_o be_v in_o yanesbury_n r_o can_v r_o opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o water_n be_v another_o less_o
write_v that_o his_o ancestor_n be_v 〈◊〉_d â—purâ_fw-la 〈◊〉_d emperor_n and_o slay_v here_o and_o if_o so_o why_o may_v not_o i_o positive_o affirm_v that_o he_o be_v descend_v from_o that_o constantine_n who_o in_o the_o four_o consulship_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a out_o of_o hope_n that_o good_a fortune_n will_v attend_v that_o name_n be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o britain_n and_o afterward_o murder_v at_o arles_n obscure_v arles_n i_o have_v hear_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n hen._n 8._o there_o be_v find_v near_o this_o place_n a_o table_n of_o metal_n as_o it_o have_v be_v tinn_n and_o lead_v commix_v inscribe_v with_o many_o letter_n but_o in_o so_o strange_a a_o character_n that_o neither_o sir_n th._n eliot_n nor_o mr._n lily_n schoolmaster_n of_o paul_n can_v read_v it_o and_o therefore_o neglect_v it_o have_v it_o be_v preserve_v somewhat_o happy_o may_v have_v be_v discover_v as_o concern_v stonehenge_n which_o now_o lie_v obscure_v about_o four_o mile_n from_o ambresbury_n on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o avon_n â—arren_a â—arren_a be_v a_o warren_n common_o call_v everly_n warren_n where_o be_v a_o great_a breed_n of_o hare_n which_o afford_v the_o recreation_n of_o hunt_v to_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n but_o the_o number_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o that_o the_o adjacent_a inhabitant_n be_v force_v to_o demand_v a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n against_o they_o as_o pliny_n report_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o baleares_n do_v although_o they_o be_v alike_o mischievous_a to_o their_o corn_n ff_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v lutgershall_n heretofore_o the_o castle_n of_o geffrey_n fitz-peters_n the_o rich_a earl_n of_o essex_n and_z lord_z chief_z justice_z of_o england_n not_o much_o high_a be_v wolfhall_o â—haâ—l_n â—haâ—l_n the_o seat_n of_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o seimour_n or_o de_fw-it sancto_fw-it mauro_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o great_a possession_n in_o this_o county_n by_o marriage_n with_o a_o heiress_n of_o the_o esturmy_n â—y_a â—y_a or_o â—y_a who_o bear_v argent_fw-fr three_o demi-lion_n gul._n and_o have_v be_v ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n 2._o hereditary_a bailiff_n and_o keeper_n of_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n of_o savernac_n which_o be_v famous_a for_o plenty_n of_o game_n â—acâ—_n â—acâ—_n and_o for_o a_o sort_n of_o sweet-smelling_a fern_n in_o memory_n whereof_o the_o great_a hunting-horn_n tip_v with_o silver_n be_v yet_o preserve_v by_o the_o seimour_n a_o little_a more_o eastward_o the_o river_n cunetio_n by_o the_o saxon_n call_v cynetan_n but_o vulgar_o kennet_n wolfhall_n kennet_n it_o rise_v west_n of_o wolfhall_n arise_v near_o a_o village_n of_o the_o same_o name_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o cunetio_n mention_v by_o antoninus_n but_o the_o distance_n on_o both_o side_n contradict_v this_o assertion_n here_o selbury_n a_o round_a hill_n rise_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n and_o seem_v by_o the_o fashion_n of_o it_o and_o by_o the_o slide_n down_o of_o the_o earth_n about_o it_o to_o be_v cast_v up_o by_o man_n hand_n of_o this_o sort_n be_v many_o to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o county_n round_o and_o cop_v which_o be_v call_v burrows_n or_o barrow_n barrow_n burrows_n and_o barrow_n perhaps_o raise_v in_o memory_n of_o the_o soldier_n there_o slay_v for_o bone_n be_v find_v in_o they_o and_o i_o have_v read_v that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n among_o the_o northern_a people_n that_o every_o soldier_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o battle_n be_v to_o bring_v his_o helmet_n full_a of_o earth_n towards_o the_o raise_n of_o monument_n for_o their_o slay_a fellow_n though_o i_o rather_o think_v this_o selbury-hill_n to_o be_v place_v instead_o of_o a_o boundary_a if_o not_o by_o the_o roman_n yet_o by_o the_o saxon_n as_o well_o as_o the_o ditch_n call_v wodensdike_n see_v there_o be_v frequent_a battle_n in_o this_o country_n between_o the_o mercian_n and_o westsaxons_a about_o their_o limit_n and_o boetius_fw-la geometry_n in_o his_o geometry_n and_o the_o writer_n that_o treat_v about_o survey_v tell_v we_o that_o such_o heap_n be_v often_o raise_v for_o landmark_n gg_n village_n gg_n within_o one_o mile_n of_o selbury_n be_v albury_n a_o uplandish_a village_n build_v in_o a_o old_a camp_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o of_o no_o large_a compass_n for_o it_o be_v environ_v with_o a_o fair_a trench_n and_o have_v four_o gap_n or_o gate_n in_o two_o of_o which_o stand_v huge_a stone_n as_o jamb_n but_o so_o rude_a that_o they_o seem_v rather_o natural_a than_o artificial_a of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v some_o other_o in_o the_o say_a village_n at_o the_o first_o this_o river_n run_v eastward_o run_v eastward_o through_o the_o field_n in_o which_o stone_n like_o rock_n every_o where_o appear_v from_o whence_o there_o be_v a_o village_n call_v rockley_n rockley_n rockley_n between_o which_o there_o now_o and_o then_o break_v out_o water_n upon_o a_o sudden_a in_o manner_n of_o a_o torrentis_fw-la a_o torrentis_fw-la land-flood_n which_o the_o countrypeople_n call_v hungerborn_n hunger_n hungerborn_n i.e._n a_o rivulet_n of_o hunger_n because_o it_o be_v common_o the_o prognostic_n of_o great_a scarcity_n from_o thence_o the_o kennet_n run_v to_o a_o town_n of_o its_o own_o name_n which_o be_v call_v cunetio_n cunetio_n cunetio_n by_o antoninus_n and_o place_v 20_o mile_n from_o verlucio_n at_o which_o distance_n that_o old_a town_n call_v by_o the_o new_a name_n of_o marleborow_n heretofore_o marleberge_n marlborow_n marlborow_n be_v seat_v all_o along_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n from_o east_n to_o west_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n cunetio_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v very_o forward_o to_o affirm_v that_o this_o new_a name_n come_v from_o marga_n which_o in_o our_o language_n we_o call_v marle_n and_o use_v it_o to_o improve_v our_o land_n this_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o lie_v at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o hill_n of_o white_a stone_n which_o our_o forefather_n call_v marle_n before_o they_o have_v borrow_v the_o word_n chalk_v from_o the_o latin_a calx_fw-la the_o derivation_n of_o this_o place_n from_o merlin_n tomb_n be_v to_o be_v ridicule_v which_o alexander_n necham_n in_o his_o book_n of_o divine_a wisdom_n hammer_v out_o in_o this_o distich_n merlini_n tumulus_fw-la tibi_fw-la merlebrigia_n nomen_fw-la fecit_fw-la testis_fw-la erit_fw-la anglica_n lingua_fw-la mihi_fw-la great_a merlin_n be_v grave_a the_o name_n to_o marlborough_n in_o saxon_n give_v the_o history_n of_o the_o fortune_n as_o well_o as_o the_o name_n of_o this_o cunetio_n from_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o norman_a time_n be_v whole_o bury_v in_o oblivion_n for_o in_o that_o interval_n not_o so_o much_o as_o its_o name_n occur_v in_o our_o annal_n hh_v in_o the_o next_o age_n we_o read_v that_o john_n surname_v sine_fw-la terra_fw-la or_o lack-land_n who_o be_v afterward_o king_n of_o england_n have_v a_o castle_n here_o which_o in_o his_o rebellion_n against_o his_o brother_n k._n richard_n i._o be_v surrender_v to_o hubert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o which_o it_o be_v afterward_o most_o famous_a for_o be_v the_o great_a parliament_n here_o 3_o here_o 52_o henry_n 3_o assemble_v which_o by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n make_v a_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o riot_n which_o be_v yet_o call_v statutum_n de_fw-fr marleborow_n this_o castle_n be_v now_o by_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n nothing_o but_o ruin_n there_o be_v indeed_o some_o few_o remain_v of_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o keep_v and_o near_o it_o be_v a_o alehouse_n which_o have_v a_o castle_n for_o the_o sign_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n brag_v of_o nothing_o more_o than_o of_o the_o font_n probable_o of_o obsidianus_fw-la of_o lapis_fw-la obsidianus_fw-la touchstone_n in_o the_o neighbour_a church_n of_o preshut_n in_o which_o as_o the_o tradition_n go_v several_a prince_n be_v heretofore_o baptize_v and_o i_o can_v omit_v what_o i_o have_v read_v gules_a read_v they_o only_o now_o pay_v something_o in_o money_n in_o lieu_n of_o it_o but_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n plain_o point_v to_o this_o custom_n be_v thus_o blazon_v party_n per_fw-la saltier_n gules_a and_o azure_a on_o the_o firct_a quarter_n gules_a a_o bull_n arg._n on_o the_o second_o azure_a a_o cock_n or_o capon_n arg._n the_o three_o as_o the_o second_o and_o on_o the_o base_a gules_a be_v three_o greyhound_n currant_n arg._n between_o two_o rose_n gules_a namely_o that_o every_o freeman_n by_o a_o old_a custom_n give_v to_o the_o mayor_n at_o his_o admission_n a_o couple_n of_o beagle_n two_o white_a capon_n and_o a_o white_a bull._n on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o this_o river_n lie_v ramesbury_n ramesbury_n ramesbury_n a_o small_a village_n now_o only_o famous_a for_o its_o pleasant_a meadow_n though_o it_o be_v once_o honour_v with_o the_o see_v of_o a_o bishop_n who_o be_v diocesan_n of_o this_o county_n but_o this_o see_v be_v join_v to_o
into_o stone_n the_o figure_n of_o they_o however_o rude_o draw_v i_o shall_v here_o represent_v to_o the_o reader_n eye_n they_o be_v irregular_a and_o of_o unequal_a height_n and_o by_o the_o decay_v of_o time_n be_v grow_v ragged_a and_o very_a much_o impair_v the_o high_a of_o they_o all_o which_o lie_v out_o of_o the_o ring_n towards_o the_o east_n they_o call_v the_o king_n because_o they_o fancy_v he_o shall_v have_v be_v king_n of_o england_n if_o he_o can_v have_v see_v long-compton_n a_o village_n within_o view_n at_o three_o or_o four_o step_n far_o five_o large_a stone_n which_o upon_o one_o side_n of_o the_o circle_n touch_v one_o another_o they_o pretend_v be_v knight_n or_o horseman_n and_o the_o other_o common_a soldier_n but_o see_v the_o draught_n i_o shall_v think_v this_o monument_n to_o have_v be_v raise_v in_o memory_n of_o some_o victory_n here_o obtain_v perhaps_o by_o rollo_n the_o dane_n who_o afterward_o possess_v himself_o of_o normandy_n for_o at_o the_o same_o time_n when_o he_o with_o his_o dane_n and_o norman_n infest_a england_n with_o depredation_n we_o read_v that_o the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n have_v a_o fight_n at_o hokenorton_n and_o another_o engagement_n at_o scierstane_a in_o huiccia_n 101._o huiccia_n it_o be_v at_o sherston_n in_o wilts_n see_v the_o addition_n to_o that_o county_n p._n 101._o which_o i_o shall_v take_v for_o that_o great_a boundary_a stone_n that_o stand_v hard_a by_o and_o divide_v four_o county_n or_o shire_n for_o so_o the_o saxon_a word_n scierstane_n do_v plain_o intimate_v steward_n intimate_v certain_o in_o a_o exchequer-book_n the_o town_n adjacent_a be_v call_v rollendrich_n whereas_o it_o be_v there_o specify_v turstan_n le_fw-fr despenser_n hold_v land_n by_o serjeantry_n of_o the_o king_n be_v dispensary_a i.e._n to_o be_v the_o king_n steward_n do_v as_o to_o hochnorton_n â—cnorâ—_n â—cnorâ—_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v former_o such_o clown_n and_o churl_n that_o it_o past_a into_o a_o proverb_n for_o a_o rude_a and_o ill-bred_a fellow_n to_o be_v bear_v at_o hogs-norton_n but_o this_o place_n be_v chief_o memorable_a for_o the_o fatal_a slaughter_n of_o the_o english_a in_o a_o fight_n with_o the_o dane_n under_o edmund_n the_o elder_a e_fw-la it_o be_v afterward_o a_o barony_n of_o the_o d'oily_a â—ey_n 〈◊〉_d of_o â—ey_n a_o honourable_a and_o ancient_a family_n of_o normandy_n the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o come_v into_o england_n be_v robert_n the_o oily_a d'oy_o d'oy_o who_o for_o his_o great_a service_n in_o that_o expedition_n be_v reward_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n with_o this_o village_n and_o many_o other_o land_n some_o of_o which_o he_o give_v to_o his_o swear_a brother_n domesday-inquisition_n brother_n not_o john_n de_fw-mi eiverio_n as_o leland_n and_o after_o he_o dugdale_n name_v he_o mr._n camden_n writing_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o ms._n register_n of_o oseney_n and_o the_o domesday-inquisition_n roger_n ivery_n and_o this_o part_n be_v afterward_o the_o barony_n of_o st._n walery_n walery_n barony_n of_o st._n walery_n but_o this_o robert_n decease_a without_o issue_n male_a his_o brother_n nigel_n succeed_v in_o his_o estate_n who_o son_n robert_n the_o second_o be_v founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o osney_n osney-abbey_n registry_n of_o osney-abbey_n at_o last_o a_o heir_n female_a of_o this_o family_n of_o d'oy_o be_v marry_v to_o henry_n earl_n of_o warwick_n by_o who_o she_o have_v thomas_n earl_n of_o warwick_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n 3._o and_o margaret_n who_o die_v likewise_o without_o issue_n though_o she_o have_v two_o husband_n john_n marshal_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr plesset_n both_o earl_n of_o warwick_n upon_o this_o as_o the_o charter_n of_o donation_n run_v king_n henry_n 3._o grant_v hochnorton_n and_o cudlington_n to_o john_n de_fw-fr plesset_n or_o plessy_n 3._o 37_o hen._n 3._o which_o be_v the_o inheritance_n of_o henry_n d'oy_o and_o fall_v into_o the_o 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and_o so_o the_o kingdom_n be_v leave_v to_o its_o own_o king_n and_o law_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o cunobilin_n have_v the_o
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wales_n and_o to_o use_v the_o word_n of_o the_o say_a book_n the_o man_n
of_o archenfeld_n whenever_o the_o army_n march_v forward_o against_o the_o enemy_n by_o custom_n make_v the_o avauntward_a and_o in_o the_o return_n homeward_o the_o rearward_n as_o the_o munow_n run_v along_o the_o low_a pâ—rt_n of_o this_o county_n wye_n the_o river_n wye_n so_o the_o wye_n with_o a_o wind_a course_n cut_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n upon_o which_o in_o the_o western_a bound_n stand_v clifford-castle_n cliffâ—rd-castle_n cliffâ—rd-castle_n which_o william_n fitz-osborn_n earl_n of_o hereford_n build_v upon_o his_o own_o waste_n these_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o domesday-book_n but_o ralph_n de_fw-fr todeny_n hold_v it_o fortis_fw-la clivus_o fortis_fw-la it_o be_v suppose_v that_o it_o come_v afterward_o to_o walter_n the_o son_n of_o richard_n punt_n a_o norman_a for_o his_o surname_n be_v the_o clifford_n and_o from_o he_o the_o illustrious_a family_n of_o the_o clifford_n earl_n of_o cumberland_n be_v original_o descend_v but_o in_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o be_v time_n 1._o inq._n 26_o e._n 1._o john_n giffard_n hold_v it_o who_o marry_v the_o heir_n of_o walter_n clifford_n thence_o the_o wye_n with_o a_o crooked_a and_o wind_a stream_n roll_v by_o whitney_n which_o have_v give_v name_n to_o a_o note_a family_n next_o by_o bradwardin-castle_n that_o give_v both_o original_a and_o name_n to_o the_o famous_a thomas_n bradwardin_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o for_o the_o great_a variety_n of_o his_o study_n and_o his_o admirable_a proficiency_n in_o the_o most_o abstruse_a and_o hide_a part_n of_o learning_n be_v in_o that_o age_n honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o dâ—ctor_n of_o the_o profound_a dâ—ctor_n doctor_n profundus_fw-la at_o length_n it_o come_v to_o hereford_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o county_n b_o how_o far_o that_o little_a tract_n arcenfeld_n reach_v i_o know_v not_o but_o the_o affinity_n between_o these_o name_n ereinuc_fw-la arcenfeld_n the_o town_n ariconium_n mention_v by_o antonine_n in_o these_o part_n and_o hareford_n or_o hereford_n hereford_n hereford_n the_o present_a metropolis_n of_o this_o shire_n have_v by_o little_a and_o little_o induce_v i_o to_o this_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v every_o one_o derive_v from_o ariconium_n and_o yet_o i_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o ariconium_n and_o hereford_n be_v the_o same_o but_o as_o basle_n in_o germany_n have_v challenge_v the_o name_n of_o augusta_n rauracorum_n and_o baldach_n in_o assyria_n that_o of_o babylon_n because_o as_o this_o have_v its_o original_n from_o the_o ruin_n of_o babylon_n so_o that_o have_v its_o birth_n from_o those_o of_o augusta_n so_o our_o hariford_n for_o thus_o the_o common_a people_n call_v it_o have_v its_o name_n and_o beginning_n from_o its_o neighbour_n ariconium_n as_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n which_o at_o this_o day_n have_v no_o clear_a mark_n of_o a_o town_n have_v be_v destroy_v as_o it_o be_v report_v by_o a_o earthquake_n only_o it_o still_o retain_v a_o slight_a shadow_n of_o the_o name_n be_v call_v kenchester_n kenchester_n kenchester_n and_o show_v some_o ruin_n of_o old_a wall_n call_v kenchester_n wall_n about_o which_o be_v often_o dig_v up_o stone_n of_o inlay_v checquer-work_n british_a brick_n roman_a coin_v etc._n etc._n c_o but_o hareford_n her_o daughter_n which_o carry_v more_o express_a remain_v of_o the_o name_n do_v stand_v eastward_o scarce_o three_o italian_a mile_n from_o it_o among_o meadow_n extreme_o pleasant_a and_o cornfield_n very_o fruitful_a encompass_v almost_o round_o about_o with_o river_n by_o a_o anonymous_a one_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n side_n on_o the_o south_n by_o the_o wye_n which_o hasten_v hither_o out_o of_o wales_n it_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v first_o spring_v up_o when_o the_o saxon_a heptarchy_n be_v in_o its_o glory_n found_v as_o some_o write_v by_o edward_n the_o â—lder_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o more_o ancient_a for_o the_o britain_n before_o the_o name_n of_o hereford_n be_v know_v call_v the_o place_n trefawith_n from_o beech-tree_n and_o henford_n from_o a_o old_a way_n and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o fernleg_n of_o fern._n it_o owe_v if_o i_o mistake_v not_o it_o be_v great_a increase_n and_o growth_n to_o religion_n and_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o ethelbert_n a_o king_n of_o the_o east-angle_n who_o whilst_o in_o person_n he_o court_v the_o daughter_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n be_v villanous_o waylay_v and_o murmurdered_a by_o quendreda_n offa_n wife_n who_o long_v more_o for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n than_o to_o have_v her_o daughter_n honest_o and_o honourable_o marry_v he_o be_v hereupon_o register_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o martyr_n mâ—â—â—â—_n s_o 〈◊〉_d mâ—â—â—â—_n and_o have_v a_o church_n here_o build_v and_o dedicate_v to_o he_o by_o milfrid_n a_o petty_a king_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v soon_o after_o adorn_v with_o a_o bishop_n see_v grow_v very_o rich_a first_o by_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o mercian_n afterward_o of_o the_o west-saxon_a king_n for_o they_o at_o length_n be_v possess_v of_o this_o city_n as_o may_v be_v gather_v from_o william_n of_o malmesbury_n where_o he_o write_v that_o athelstan_n the_o west-saxon_a force_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n in_o this_o city_n to_o comply_v with_o such_o hard_a condition_n as_o to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n beside_o hound_n and_o hawk_n 20_o pound_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o 300_o pound_n of_o silver_n every_o year_n this_o city_n as_o far_o as_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o read_v have_v never_o any_o misfortune_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1055._o when_o gryffin_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o algar_n a_o englishman_n rebel_a against_o edward_n the_o confessor_n after_o they_o have_v rout_v earl_n ralph_n sack_v the_o city_n destroy_v the_o cathedral_n and_o carry_v away_o captive_a leofgar_n the_o bishop_n but_o harold_n have_v soon_o quiet_v their_o bold_a rebellion_n fortify_v it_o as_o floriacensis_fw-la inform_v we_o with_o a_o broad_a and_o high_a rampire_n upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o malmesbury_n pâ—â—â—â—_n malmesbury_n lib_fw-la â—_o pâ—â—â—â—_n write_v thus_o hereford_n be_v no_o great_a city_n and_o yet_o by_o the_o high_a and_o formidable_a ruin_n of_o its_o steep_a and_o break_a bulwark_n it_o show_v it_o have_v be_v some_o great_a thing_n and_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o domesday_n book_n there_o be_v in_o all_o but_o 103_o man_n within_o and_o without_o the_o wall_n the_o norman_n afterward_o build_v a_o very_a large_a and_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o cathedral_n along_o the_o river_n wye_n the_o work_n as_o some_o report_n of_o earl_n miles_n but_o now_o ruin_v by_o time_n and_o fall_v to_o decay_v e_fw-la afterward_o they_o wall_v the_o city_n about_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n hen._n 1._o be_v found_v by_o bishop_n reinelm_n that_o beautiful_a church_n now_o to_o be_v see_v which_o his_o successor_n enlarge_v by_o add_v to_o it_o a_o neat_a college_n and_o fine_a house_n for_o the_o prebendary_n for_o beside_o the_o bishop_n who_o have_v 302_o church_n in_o his_o diocese_n there_o be_v in_o this_o church_n a_o dean_n two_o archdeacon_n a_o preceptor_n a_o chancellor_n a_o treasurer_n and_o 28_o prebendary_n i_o see_v in_o it_o scarce_o any_o monument_n beside_o those_o of_o the_o bishop_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o thomas_n cantlow_n the_o bishop_n a_o person_n noble_o bear_v have_v here_o a_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a tomb_n who_o be_v canonize_v for_o his_o holiness_n want_v little_a of_o outshine_v the_o royal_a martyr_n ethelbert_n so_o great_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o his_o piety_n and_o devotion_n f_o according_a to_o geographer_n the_o longitude_n of_o this_o city_n be_v 20_o degree_n 24_o minute_n lat._n 52_o degree_n 6_o min._n g_o the_o wye_n have_v scarce_o go_v three_o mile_n from_o this_o city_n when_o he_o intercept_v the_o river_n lugier_n which_o have_v run_v with_o a_o rapid_a stream_n down_o from_o radnor-hill_n with_o a_o still_a course_n glide_v through_o this_o province_n from_o the_o northwest_n to_o the_o southeast_n h_o at_o the_o first_o entrance_n it_o have_v a_o distant_a prospect_n of_o brampton_n brian_n a_o castle_n which_o a_o famous_a family_n hence_o surname_v the_o brampton_n brian_n brampton_n brian_n who_o christian_n name_n be_v usual_o brian_n hold_v by_o a_o continual_a succession_n to_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edward_n 1._o then_o by_o female-heir_n it_o come_v to_o r._n harley_n but_o it_o have_v a_o near_a view_n of_o wigmore_n wigmore_n wigmore_n in_o saxon_a annal_n saxon_a wigingamere_n in_o the_o saxon_a annal_n wynginga-mere_a repair_v in_o ancient_a time_n by_o king_n edw._n the_o elder_a afterward_o fortify_v with_o a_o castle_n by_o william_n earl_n of_o hereford_n in_o the_o waist_n of_o a_o ground_n for_o so_o it_o be_v in_o domesday_n book_n which_o be_v call_v marestun_n in_o the_o tenure_n of_o randulph_n de_fw-fr mortimer_n from_o
find_v no_o occasion_n of_o mistake_n for_o example_n in_o regard_n the_o letter_n c._n in_o the_o welsh_a and_o irish_a be_v before_o all_o vowel_n pronounce_v like_o k._n as_o cilcen_n be_v read_v kilken_a but_o in_o every_o other_o language_n obtain_v that_o pronunciation_n only_o before_o a._n o._n and_o u._n i_o have_v in_o such_o word_n as_o be_v pure_o welsh_a substitute_v k._n for_o it_o in_o the_o pronunciation_n whereof_o all_o language_n agree_v nor_o can_v the_o critic_n in_o the_o welsh_a call_v this_o a_o innovation_n the_o letter_n k._n be_v common_a in_o ancient_a mss._n though_o never_o use_v in_o print_a book_n i_o have_v also_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n take_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o writing_n five_o for_o f_o and_o f_o for_o ff_n lh_n for_o will_v and_o dh_fw-mi for_o dd._n and_o whereas_o the_o word_n lhan_n in_o the_o name_n of_o church_n be_v common_o join_v with_o that_o which_o follow_v as_o lhanèlian_n lhaniestin_n etc._n etc._n i_o think_v it_o better_a orthography_n to_o separate_v it_o writing_n lhan_n elian_n which_o signify_v st._n aelian_n church_n and_o lhan_n jestin_n i.e._n st._n justin_n as_o for_o the_o annotation_n i_o have_v add_v at_o the_o end_n of_o each_o county_n such_o as_o have_v the_o letter_n of_o direction_n prefix_v be_v note_n on_o those_o place_n they_o refer_v to_o in_o the_o text_n with_o occasional_a addition_n and_o whereas_o in_o some_o county_n i_o have_v note_n to_o add_v which_o do_v not_o refer_v at_o all_o to_o any_o part_n of_o the_o text_n i_o have_v insert_v they_o after_o the_o annotation_n with_o this_o mark_n ¶_o prefix_a what_o i_o have_v add_v be_v general_o observation_n of_o my_o own_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o so_o i_o have_v take_v care_n to_o inform_v the_o reader_n i_o find_v upon_o perusal_n of_o cornwall_n and_o those_o other_o county_n you_o late_o send_v i_o that_o the_o additional_a note_n on_o the_o english_a county_n be_v much_o more_o complete_a than_o these_o and_o somewhat_o in_o a_o different_a method_n but_o my_o task_n be_v too_o large_a to_o be_v well_o perform_v by_o one_o hand_n except_o more_o time_n have_v be_v allow_v and_o have_v receive_v no_o pattern_n for_o imitation_n but_o only_o some_o general_a instruction_n i_o know_v not_o how_o far_o i_o may_v enlarge_v and_o to_o have_v jump_v into_o the_o same_o method_n must_v have_v be_v a_o great_a accident_n however_o i_o find_v the_o difference_n be_v not_o very_o material_a nor_o be_v it_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n what_o method_n we_o use_v in_o annotation_n so_o we_o take_v care_n to_o add_v nothing_o but_o what_o may_v seem_v to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o apprehension_n pertinent_a and_o instructive_a what_o fault_n you_o find_v in_o the_o orthography_n i_o desire_v you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o correct_v and_o also_o in_o the_o phrase_n where_o you_o suppose_v it_o convenient_a and_o where_o we_o disagree_v in_o the_o sense_n i_o shall_v upon_o notice_n thereof_o either_o give_v direction_n to_o alter_v it_o or_o offer_v some_o reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n oxford_n sept._n 13._o 1694._o i_o be_o sir_n your_o oblige_a friend_n and_o servant_n edw._n lhwyd_n pronunciation_n of_o the_o welsh_z ch_z be_v pronounce_v as_o the_o english_a gh_o among_o the_o vulgar_a in_o the_o north_n but_o more_o rough_o dh_fw-mi as_o the_o in_o the_o word_n this_o that_o etc._n etc._n g_o as_o the_o english_a g_o in_o the_o word_n gain_n gift_n etc._n etc._n i_o as_o in_o english_a in_o the_o word_n win_v kin_n but_o never_o as_o in_o wind_n kind_a etc._n etc._n lh_n be_v only_o a_o sibilate_v l_o and_o be_v pronounce_v in_o respect_n of_o l_o as_o the_o with_o reference_n to_o t._n u_o as_o the_o english_a i_o in_o the_o word_n limb_n he_o etc._n etc._n w_n be_v always_o a_o vowel_n and_o pronounce_v like_o the_o english_a oh_o y_z as_o i_o in_o the_o english_a word_n three_o bird_n o_o in_o honey_n money_n u_o in_o mud_n must_v etc._n etc._n all_o the_o other_o letter_n be_v pronounce_v as_o in_o english_a and_o never_o alter_v their_o pronunciation_n '_o denote_v a_o long_a vowel_n as_o mân_n be_v pronounce_v like_o the_o english_a word_n mane_n '_o show_v only_a the_o accent_n in_o short_a vowel_n south_n wales_n by_o rob_n t_o morden_n radnorshire_n on_o the_o northwest_n of_o herefordshire_n lie_v radnorshire_n in_o british_a sîr_n vaesÅ·ve_v of_o a_o triangular_a form_n and_o gradual_o more_o narrow_a where_o it_o be_v extend_v westward_o on_o the_o south_n the_o river_n wye_n divide_v it_o from_o brecknock_n and_o on_o the_o north-part_n lie_v mongomeryshire_n the_o eastern_a and_o southern_a part_n be_v well_o cultivate_v but_o elsewhere_o it_o be_v so_o uneven_a with_o mountain_n that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v manure_v though_o well-stored_n with_o wood_n and_o water_v with_o rivulet_n and_o in_o some_o place_n stand_v lake_n towards_o the_o east_n it_o have_v beside_o other_o castle_n of_o the_o lord_n marcher_n now_o almost_o all_o bury_v in_o their_o own_o ruin_n castelh_n pain_n to_o adorn_v it_o which_o be_v build_v and_o so_o call_v by_o pain_n a_o norman_a and_o castelh_n colwen_n â—â—lwen_v â—â—â—telh_o â—â—lwen_v which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o be_v former_o call_v maud-castle_n in_o colwent_n â—â—wn_n â—â—ud-â—â—stle_a v._o â—â—stelh_n â—â—wn_n for_o there_o be_v a_o castle_n of_o that_o name_n much_o note_v whereof_o robert_n de_fw-fr todney_n a_o very_a eminent_a person_n be_v governor_n in_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n 2._o it_o be_v think_v to_o have_v belong_v before_o to_o the_o breose_n lord_n of_o brecknock_n and_o to_o have_v receive_v that_o name_n from_o maud_n of_o st._n valeric_a par._n pâ—â—taâ—â—sâ—â—aâ—â—tth_n â—â—tth_z par._n a_o †_o malapert_n woman_n wife_n of_o william_n breos_n who_o rebel_v against_o king_n john_n this_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o welsh_a be_v rebuilt_a of_o stone_n by_o king_n henry_n 3._o in_o the_o year_n 1231._o but_o of_o great_a note_n be_v radnor_n â—â—dnor_n â—â—dnor_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o county_n call_v in_o british_a maesÅ·ve_v fair_a build_v but_o with_o thatch_a house_n as_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o that_o country_n former_o it_o be_v well_o fence_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n but_o be_v by_o that_o rebellious_a owen_n glyn_n dòwrdwy_n â—â—yndwr_n â—â—en_o â—â—yndwr_n lay_v in_o ash_n it_o decay_v daily_o as_o well_o as_o old_a radnor_n radnor_n use_v radnor_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n maesÅ·ved_a hên_n and_o from_o its_o high_a situation_n pencraig_n which_o have_v be_v burn_v by_o rhÅ·_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n john_n if_o i_o shall_v say_v this_o maesÅ·ve_v be_v that_o city_n magos_n which_o antoninus_n seem_v to_o call_v magnos_fw-la â—â—gi_fw-la â—â—gi_fw-la where_o as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o notitia_fw-la provinciarum_fw-la the_o commander_n of_o the_o pacensian_a regiment_n lie_v in_o garrison_n under_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o britain_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a in_o my_o own_o judgement_n and_o perhaps_o other_o may_v entertain_v the_o same_o thought_n i_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o mistake_v for_o we_o find_v that_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o middle_a age_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n magesetae_fw-la â—â—gesâ—tae_fw-la â—â—gesâ—tae_fw-la and_o also_o mention_v comites_fw-la masegetense_n and_o magesetense_n and_o the_o distance_n from_o gobannium_n or_o abergavenni_a as_o also_o from_o brangonium_fw-la or_o worcester_n differ_v very_o little_a from_o antonine_n computation_n about_o three_o mile_n to_o the_o east_n of_o radnor_n lie_v prestean_n â—â—estean_a â—â—estean_a in_o british_a lhan_n andras_n or_o st._n andrews_n which_o from_o a_o small_a village_n in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o grandfather_n be_v now_o by_o the_o favour_n and_o encouragement_n of_o martin_n lord_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n become_v so_o eminent_a a_o market_n town_n that_o it_o do_v in_o some_o measure_n eclipse_n radnor_n scarce_o four_o mile_n hence_o lie_v knighton_n â—â—ighton_n â—â—ighton_n which_o may_v vie_v with_o prestean_n call_v by_o the_o britain_n as_o i_o be_o inform_v trebuclo_n for_o treuÅ·klawdh_n from_o the_o dike_a dike_n 〈◊〉_d dike_n that_o lie_v under_o it_o which_o be_v cast_v up_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o industry_n by_o offa_n the_o mercian_n as_o a_o boundary_a between_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o britain_n f_o on_fw-we the_o mouth_n of_o dee_n to_o that_o of_o the_o river_n wye_n for_o the_o space_n of_o about_o 90_o mile_n whence_o the_o britain_n have_v call_v it_o klawdh_n offa_n or_o offa_n dyke_n concern_v which_o joannes_n sarisburiensis_n in_o his_o polycraticon_n say_v that_o harald_n establish_v a_o law_n that_o whatever_o welshman_n shall_v be_v find_v arm_v on_o this_o side_n the_o limit_n he_o have_v set_v they_o to_o wit_n offa_n dike_n his_o right_a hand_n shall_v be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o king_n officer_n asleep_o all_o the_o
kind_n which_o they_o call_v peregrin_n for_o according_a to_o the_o account_n they_o give_v of_o they_o i_o need_v not_o use_v other_o word_n to_o describe_v they_o than_o these_o verse_n of_o that_o excellent_a poet_n of_o our_o age_n augustus_n thuanus_n esmerius_fw-la in_o that_o golden_a book_n he_o entitle_v hieracosophion_n depressus_fw-la capitis_fw-la vertex_fw-la oblongaque_fw-la toto_fw-la corpore_fw-la pennarum_fw-la series_n pallentia_fw-la crura_fw-la et_fw-la graciles_fw-la digiti_fw-la ac_fw-la sparsi_fw-la naresque_fw-la rotundae_fw-la flat_a head_n and_o feather_n lay_v in_o curious_a row_n over_o all_o their_o part_n hook_a beak_n and_o slender_a claw_n the_o sea_n now_o with_o great_a violence_n assail_v the_o land_n recede_v from_o this_o promontory_n which_o be_v a_o small_a region_n call_v the_o lordship_n of_o kemaes_n fâ—â—â—â—_n bâ—_n 〈◊〉_d kâ—â—â—â—_n fâ—â—â—â—_n the_o chief_a place_n in_o it_o be_v fiscard_v seat_v on_o a_o steep_a rock_n and_o have_v a_o convenient_a harbour_n for_o ship_v so_o call_v by_o the_o english_a from_o a_o fishery_n there_o and_o by_o the_o britain_n abergwain_a which_o signify_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n gwain_n the_o next_o be_v newport_n neâ—pâ—â—â—_n neâ—pâ—â—â—_n mountain_n neâ—pâ—â—â—_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o a_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o river_n nevern_n call_v in_o british_a treudraeth_n which_o signify_v the_o town_n on_o the_o sand_n burgus_n sand_n and_o in_o latin_a record_n novus_n burgus_n this_o be_v build_v by_o martin_n of_o tours_n who_o posterity_n make_v it_o a_o corporation_n grant_v it_o several_a privilege_n and_o constitute_v therein_o a_o portrieve_n and_o bailiff_n and_o also_o build_v themselves_o a_o castle_n above_o the_o town_n which_o be_v their_o chief_a seat_n they_o also_o found_v the_o monastery_n of_o st._n dogmael_n tegâ—â—â—_n st._n dogmael_n bâ—â—â—_n st._n tegâ—â—â—_n tours_n tegâ—â—â—_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o tours_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n teivi_n in_o a_o vale_n encompass_v with_o hill_n from_o which_o the_o village_n adjoin_v as_o many_o other_o town_n from_o monastery_n take_v its_o beginning_n this_o barony_n be_v first_o wrest_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o welsh_a by_o martin_n of_o tours_n mâ—â—tinâ—_n lord_n â—f_n kemaâ—â—_n the_o faâ—_n iâ—_n of_o the_o mâ—â—tinâ—_n from_o who_o posterity_n who_o be_v from_o he_o call_v martin_n it_o descend_v by_o marriage_n to_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr audeley_n they_o hold_v it_o a_o long_a time_n until_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n 8._o when_o william_n owen_n descend_v from_o a_o daughter_n of_o sir_n nicholas_n martin_n after_o a_o tedious_a suit_n at_o law_n for_o his_o right_n at_o last_o obtain_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n george_n who_o be_v a_o exquisite_a antiquary_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o there_o be_v in_o this_o barony_n beside_o the_o three_o burrows_n newport_n fishgard_n and_o st._n dogmael_n 20_o knights-fee_n and_o 26_o parish_n more_o inward_a on_o the_o river_n teivi_n already_o mention_v lie_v kil_n garan_n garan_n 〈◊〉_d garan_n which_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o castle_n build_v by_o giraldus_n but_o now_o be_v reduce_v to_o one_o street_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o no_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o plentiful_a salmon_n fishery_n for_o there_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a salmon-leap_a salâ—â—â—â—eap_a â—â—e_z salâ—â—â—â—eap_a where_o the_o river_n fall_v headlong_o and_o the_o salmon_n make_v up_o from_o the_o sea_n towards_o the_o shallow_n of_o the_o river_n when_o they_o come_v to_o this_o cataract_n bend_v their_o tail_n to_o their_o mouth_n nay_o sometime_o that_o they_o may_v leap_v with_o great_a force_n hold_v it_o in_o their_o tooth_n and_o then_o upon_o disengage_v themselves_o from_o their_o circle_n with_o a_o certain_a violence_n as_o when_o a_o stick_n that_o be_v bend_v be_v reflect_v they_o cast_v themselves_o from_o the_o water_n up_o to_o a_o great_a height_n even_o to_o the_o admiration_n of_o the_o spectator_n which_o ausonius_n thus_o describe_v very_o elegant_o nec_fw-la te_fw-la puniceo_fw-la rutilantem_fw-la viscere_fw-la salmo_n transierim_n latae_fw-la cujus_fw-la vaga_fw-la verbera_fw-la caudae_fw-la gurgite_fw-la de_fw-la medio_fw-la summas_fw-la referuntur_fw-la in_o undas_fw-la nor_o thou_o red_a salmon_n shall_v be_v last_o in_o fame_n who_o flirt_a tail_n cut_v through_o the_o deep_a stream_n with_o one_o strong_a jerk_n the_o wonder_a flood_n deceive_v and_o sport_v mount_v thou_o to_o the_o utmost_a wave_n there_o have_v be_v divers_a earl_n of_o penbroke_a â—â—nbrâ—ke_n â—â—rls_n of_o â—â—nbrâ—ke_n descend_v from_o several_a family_n as_o for_o arnulph_n of_o montgomery_n who_o first_o conquer_v it_o and_o be_v afterward_o outlaw_v and_o his_o castellan_n girald_v of_o windsor_n who_o king_n henry_n 1._o make_v afterward_o precedent_n over_o the_o whole_a country_n i_o can_v scarce_o affirm_v that_o they_o be_v earl_n king_n stephen_n first_o confer_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n upon_o gilbert_n strongbow_n son_n of_o gislebert_n de_fw-fr clare_n he_o leave_v it_o to_o his_o son_n richard_n strongbow_n the_o conqueror_n of_o ireland_n who_o be_v as_o giraldus_n have_v it_o à _fw-la clara_n clarensium_n familia_fw-la oriundus_fw-la descend_v from_o the_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o clares_z isabella_z the_o only_a daughter_n of_o this_o earl_n bring_v this_o title_n to_o her_o husband_n william_n marshal_n so_o call_v for_o that_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v hereditary_a marshal_n of_o the_o king_n palace_n a_o very_a accomplish_a person_n well_o instruct_v in_o the_o art_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n of_o who_o we_o find_v this_o epitaph_n in_o rudburn_n annal_n sum_n quem_fw-la saturnum_n sibi_fw-la sensit_fw-la hibernia_n solemn_a anglia_fw-it mercurium_fw-la normannia_n gallia_n mars_fw-la i_o mars_n the_o french_a their_o sun_n the_o english_a own_a the_o norman_n mercury_n irish_a saturn_n find_v after_o he_o his_o five_o son_n be_v successive_o earl_n of_o pembroke_n viz._n william_n call_v the_o young_a richard_n who_o have_v rebel_v against_o henry_n 3._o flee_v into_o ireland_n where_o he_o die_v in_o battle_n gilbert_n who_o at_o a_o tournament_n in_o war_n be_v unhorse_v and_o so_o kill_v and_o walter_n and_o anselm_n day_n anselm_n who_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n but_o a_o few_o day_n all_o these_o die_n in_o a_o short_a space_n without_o issue_n king_n henry_n 3._o invest_v with_o the_o honour_n of_o this_o earldom_n william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n of_o the_o family_n of_o lusignia_fw-la in_o poitiers_n who_o be_v his_o own_o brother_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n and_o marry_v joan_n the_o daughter_n of_o gwarin_n de_fw-fr mont_fw-fr chensey_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o william_n marshal_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n succeed_v his_o son_n audomar_n who_o be_v governor_n of_o scotland_n under_o k._n edw._n 1._o his_o elder_n his_o elder_n second_o sister_n and_o coheiress_n elizabeth_n be_v marry_v to_o john_n lord_n hastings_n bring_v this_o title_n into_o a_o new_a family_n for_o laurence_n hastings_n his_o grandchild_n by_o a_o son_n etc._n son_n lord_n of_o weishford_n and_o etc._n etc._n who_o be_v lord_n of_o abergavenny_n be_v make_v e._n of_o penbroke_a by_o a_o rescript_n of_o k._n edward_n 3._o a_o copy_n whereof_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o subjoin_v here_o that_o we_o may_v see_v what_o right_n there_o be_v by_o heirs-female_a in_o these_o honorary_a title_n rex_fw-la omnibus_fw-la ad_fw-la quos_fw-la etc._n etc._n salutem_fw-la know_v you_o that_o the_o good_a presage_n of_o wisdom_n and_o virtue_n which_o we_o have_v conceive_v by_o the_o towardly_a youth_n and_o happy_a beginning_n of_o our_o most_o well_a belove_a cousin_n laurence_n hastings_n deserve_o induce_v we_o to_o countenance_v he_o with_o our_o especial_a grace_n and_o favour_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o concern_v the_o due_a preservation_n and_o maintenance_n of_o his_o honour_n whereas_o therefore_o the_o inheritance_n of_o aimar_n of_o valence_n sometime_o earl_n of_o penbroke_a decease_v long_o since_o without_o heir_n beget_v of_o his_o body_n have_v be_v devolve_v upon_o his_o sister_n proportionable_o to_o be_v divide_v among_o they_o and_o their_o heir_n because_o we_o know_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o foresay_a laurence_n who_o succee_v the_o say_a aimar_n in_o part_n of_o the_o inheritance_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a sister_n of_o aimar_n aforesaid_a and_o so_o by_o the_o avouch_v of_o the_o learned_a who_o we_o consult_v about_o this_o matter_n the_o prerogative_n both_o of_o name_n and_o honour_n be_v due_a unto_o he_o we_o deem_v it_o just_a and_o due_a that_o the_o same_o laurence_n claim_v his_o title_n from_o the_o elder_a sister_n assume_v and_o have_v the_o name_n of_o earl_n of_o penbroke_a which_o the_o say_v aimar_n have_v whilst_o he_o live_v which_o as_o much_o as_o lie_v in_o we_o we_o confirm_v ratify_v and_o also_o approve_v unto_o he_o willing_a and_o grant_v that_o the_o say_v laurence_n have_v and_o hold_v the_o prerogative_n and_o honour_n of_o earl-palatine_a in_o those_o land_n
roman_a coin_n often_o dig_v up_o in_o it_o which_o they_o call_v binchester-penies_a and_o for_o roman_a inscription_n one_o of_o which_o cut_v out_o thus_o in_o a_o altar_n there_o i_o late_o meet_v with_o merito_fw-la of_o the_o mother_n goddess_n see_v lancashire_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 236._o votum_fw-la solvit_fw-la lubens_fw-la merito_fw-la deab_n matrib_n q._n lo_o cl._n qvin_n tianus_n cos_n v._n s._n l._n m._n another_o stone_n be_v late_o dig_v up_o here_o very_a much_o deface_v with_o gap_n which_o yet_o upon_o a_o narrow_a view_n show_v this_o inscription_n trib_o cohor_n i._o cartov_n marti_fw-la victori_fw-la genio_fw-la loci_fw-la et_fw-fr bono_n eventvi_fw-la i_o have_v read_v nothing_o else_o relate_v to_o it_o but_o what_o be_v mention_v in_o a_o old_a book_n that_o the_o earl_n of_o northumberland_n tear_v this_o with_o other_o village_n from_o the_o church_n when_o that_o curse_a lust_n after_o gold_n swallow_v up_o the_o sacred_a revenue_n of_o the_o church_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o be_v among_o the_o hill_n we_o see_v branspeth-castle_n branspeth-castle_n branspeth-castle_n build_v by_o the_o bulmer_n and_o by_o a_o daughter_n of_o bernard_n bulmer_n marry_v to_o galfrid_n nevil_n add_v with_o other_o great_a possession_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o nevill_n h_o a_o little_a low_o the_o be_v have_v many_o huge_a stone_n in_o the_o channel_n of_o it_o never_o cover_v but_o when_o the_o river_n be_v overflow_v by_o rain_n upon_o these_o if_o you_o pour_v water_n and_o it_o mix_v and_o temper_v a_o while_n upon_o the_o stone_n it_o become_v thereupon_o saltish_a a_o thing_n to_o be_v effect_v no_o where_o else_o nay_o at_o butterby_n a_o little_a village_n when_o the_o river_n be_v shallow_a and_o fall_v from_o those_o stone_n in_o the_o summer_n time_n stone_n salt_n stone_n there_o burst_v out_o of_o they_o a_o red_a salt_n water_n which_o grow_v so_o white_a and_o hard_a by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n that_o they_o who_o live_v thereabouts_o take_v it_o up_o and_o use_v it_o for_o salt_n now_o the_o river_n as_o if_o it_o design_v to_o make_v a_o island_n go_v almost_o quite_o round_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o county_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v call_v dunholm_n by_o the_o saxon_n dâ—â—â—_n dunholâ—_n durhaâ—_n or_o dâ—â—â—_n for_o as_o we_o may_v infer_v from_o bede_n they_o call_v a_o hill_n dun_n and_o a_o river_n island_n holm_n from_o hence_o the_o latin_n call_v it_o dunelmâ—m_n but_o the_o common_a name_n be_v very_o corrupt_o durham_n the_o town_n stand_v high_a and_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o be_v of_o no_o great_a compass_n lie_v in_o a_o kind_n of_o oval_a form_n enclose_v quite_o round_o by_o the_o river_n except_o on_o the_o north_n part_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n beside_o in_o the_o south_n part_n almost_o where_o the_o river_n wind_n itself_o back_o again_o stand_v the_o cathedral_n church_n which_o with_o its_o spire_n and_o tower-steeple_n make_v a_o fine_a show_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o town_n stand_v the_o castle_n almost_o in_o the_o middle_n between_o two_o stone_n bridge_n the_o one_o upon_o the_o river_n on_o the_o east_n side_n the_o other_o on_o the_o west_n from_o the_o castle_n northward_o lie_v the_o marketplace_n and_o s._n nicholas_n church_n from_o whence_o there_o shoot_v out_o a_o suburb_n to_o the_o north-east_n for_o a_o good_a way_n within_o a_o wind_a of_o the_o river_n as_o likewise_o other_o on_o both_o side_n beyond_o the_o river_n lead_v towards_o the_o bridge_n each_o of_o which_o have_v its_o particular_a and_o distinct_a church_n the_o original_n of_o this_o town_n be_v not_o very_o ancient_a for_o when_o the_o monk_n of_o lindisfarn_n be_v disquiet_v in_o the_o danish_a war_n and_o force_v by_o that_o people_n to_o wander_v up_o and_o down_o with_o the_o relic_n of_o s._n cuthbert_n at_o last_o if_o we_o may_v believe_v it_o be_v admonish_v by_o a_o oracle_n they_o fix_v and_o settle_v here_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 995._o but_o take_v this_o relation_n from_o my_o durham-author_n himself_o all_o the_o people_n follow_v the_o corpse_n of_o our_o most_o holy_a father_n cuthbert_n come_v to_o durham_n a_o place_n strong_a by_o nature_n and_o scarce_o habitable_a enclose_v quite_o round_o with_o a_o very_a thick_a wood_n and_o in_o the_o middle_n only_a a_o small_a plain_n which_o they_o use_v to_o plough_v up_o and_o sow_v where_o bishop_n aldwin_n afterward_o build_v a_o pretty_a large_a church_n of_o stone_n the_o say_a prelate_n therefore_o with_o the_o help_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o the_o assistance_n of_o uthred_a earl_n of_o the_o northumbrian_n fell_v and_o grub_v up_o all_o this_o wood_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v the_o place_n habitable_a last_o from_o the_o river_n coque_v to_o the_o very_a tee_n there_o be_v no_o body_n but_o come_v in_o ready_o both_o to_o help_v forward_o this_o work_n and_o also_o afterward_o 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a_o seat_n and_o surname_n to_o that_o ancient_a and_o honourable_a family_n which_o have_v former_o the_o name_n of_o wade_n here_o the_o scot_n force_v a_o passage_n betwixt_o irthing_n and_o tine_n into_o the_o province_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o place_n be_v wise_o enough_o choose_v as_o have_v no_o intercourse_n of_o river_n to_o obstruct_v their_o easy_a inroad_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o england_n but_o the_o reader_n will_v the_o better_o understand_v this_o matter_n and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n from_o john_n fordon_n the_o scotch_a historian_n fordon_n scoto-chronic_n j._n fordon_n who_o word_n since_o his_o book_n be_v not_o very_o common_a it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o repeat_v the_o scot_n say_v he_o have_v conquer_v the_o country_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o wall_n begin_v to_o settle_v themselves_o in_o it_o and_o summon_v in_o the_o boor_n with_o their_o mattock_n pickax_n rake_n fork_n and_o shovel_n cause_v wide_a hole_n and_o gap_n to_o be_v 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whence_o it_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v this_o
as_o great_a variety_n and_o perfection_n as_o most_o place_n in_o the_o south_n bb_v the_o study_n of_o school-divinity_n be_v mighty_o in_o fashion_n about_o scotus_n time_n and_o especial_o in_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n where_o the_o petulant_a humour_n of_o the_o dominican_n put_v the_o student_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o wrangle_v hence_o this_o place_n have_v afford_v more_o man_n of_o eminence_n in_o that_o way_n than_o perhaps_o all_o the_o other_o university_n of_o europe_n and_o these_o have_v marshal_v themselves_o under_o the_o glorious_a epithet_n of_o subtilis_fw-la profundus_fw-la irrefragabilis_fw-la etc._n etc._n cc_o as_o pitiful_a a_o hamlet_n as_o mr._n camden_n here_o make_v of_o brampton_n â—â—â—â—pton_n â—â—â—â—pton_n it_o be_v the_o place_n he_o once_o pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o bremenium_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o so_o the_o word_n be_v still_o render_v in_o the_o indices_fw-la of_o his_o late_a edition_n it_o have_v also_o be_v of_o good_a note_n in_o our_o time_n for_o one_o of_o the_o pretty_a house_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o county_n the_o seat_n of_o george_n collingwood_n esq_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o house_n of_o eslington_n dd_v in_o the_o hall_n at_o chillingham-castle_n â—â—â—â—ing-â—â—â—-castle_n â—â—â—â—ing-â—â—â—-castle_n there_o be_v a_o chimney-piece_n with_o a_o hollow_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o wherein_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v find_v a_o live_a toad_n at_o the_o saw_v of_o the_o stone_n the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o be_v also_o still_o to_o be_v see_v with_o the_o like_a mark_n upon_o it_o and_o put_v to_o the_o same_o use_n at_o horton-castle_n i_o what_o our_o author_n name_v wollover_n â—â—â—â—â—ver_n â—â—â—â—â—ver_n they_o call_v usual_o wooler_n it_o be_v a_o little_a inconsiderable_a market-town_n with_o a_o thatch_a church_n and_o some_o other_o mark_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o advantage_n of_o a_o late_a brief_a upon_o a_o fire_n that_o here_o happen_v may_v 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scotorum_fw-la regi_fw-la anglorum_fw-la &_o successoribus_fw-la suis_fw-la castilia_n de_fw-fr berwicke_n &_o de_fw-fr rokesburc_n in_o perpetuum_fw-la possidenda_fw-la will_v whatever_o roughness_n mr._n camden_n may_v fancy_v he_o see_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n of_o northumberland_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o description_n which_o aeneas_n silvius_n give_v of_o they_o be_v not_o their_o due_n at_o this_o day_n their_o table_n be_v as_o well_o stock_v as_o ever_o with_o hen_n and_o goose_n and_o they_o have_v also_o plenty_n of_o good_a bread_n and_o beer_n stranger_n and_o traveller_n be_v no_o novelty_n to_o they_o the_o road_n betwixt_o edinburgh_n and_o newcastle_n be_v as_o much_o frequent_v by_o such_o of_o all_o nation_n as_o almost_o any_o other_o in_o the_o kingdom_n a_o roundlet_n of_o red-wine_n be_v a_o great_a rarity_n in_o a_o country-man_n house_n in_o middlesex_n than_o on_o the_o border_n of_o northumberland_n where_o you_o shall_v more_o common_o meet_v with_o great_a store_n of_o good_a claret_n than_o in_o the_o village_n of_o any_o other_o county_n in_o england_n that_o wine_n be_v not_o the_o constant_a drink_n of_o the_o country_n ought_v no_o more_o to_o be_v remark_v as_o a_o thing_n extraordinary_a than_o that_o yorkshire-ale_n be_v not_o common_a in_o italy_n the_o country-keeper_n be_v able_a to_o inform_v you_o that_o the_o moss-trooping_a trade_n be_v now_o very_o much_o lay_v aside_o and_o that_o a_o small_a sum_n will_v recompense_v all_o the_o robbery_n that_o be_v yearly_o commit_v in_o this_o county_n where_o man_n person_n be_v as_o safe_a and_o their_o good_n as_o secure_v as_o in_o the_o most_o civilise_a kingdom_n of_o europe_n whoredom_n be_v reckon_v as_o scandalous_a a_o vice_n here_o as_o elsewhere_o and_o it_o be_v our_o happiness_n if_o in_o the_o southern_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v as_o little_a fashionable_a in_o a_o word_n the_o gentry_n of_o northumberland_n be_v general_o 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the_o second_o to_o his_o own_o natural_a son_n george_n fitz-roy_a who_o be_v now_o duke_n of_o
the_o dynastas_fw-la the_o dynastas_fw-la petty_a king_n here_o that_o they_o willing_o suffer_v their_o signory_n to_o be_v reduce_v into_o county_n and_o admit_v sheriff_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o be_v quick_o recall_v and_o aspire_v after_o great_a honour_n some_o envious_a person_n that_o be_v too_o mighty_a for_o he_o together_o with_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o his_o own_o tongue_n for_o he_o have_v bolt_v out_o some_o word_n against_o his_o sovereign_n who_o be_v not_o to_o be_v violate_v by_o word_n or_o thought_n bring_v he_o unaware_o to_o ruin_v the_o county_n of_o louth_n the_o county_n of_o louth_n in_o old_a book_n call_v luna_n and_o luda_n urgalia_n triel_n in_o latin_n urgalia_n in_o irish_a iriel_n or_o uriel_n if_o that_o be_v not_o rather_o a_o part_n of_o this_o county_n lie_v beyond_o the_o county_n of_o meath_z and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n boine_n towards_o the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o a_o wind_a and_o uneven_a shore_n run_v northwards_o full_a of_o 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memorable_a in_o this_o county_n â—â—gh_a bermingâ—am_n who_o 〈◊〉_d also_o caâ—led_v briâ—â—tham_n â—arl_n of_o â—â—gh_a this_o louth_n have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o earl_n to_o john_n to_o sir_n john_n john_n bermingham_n a_o english_a man_n confer_v upon_o he_o by_o king_n edward_n the_o second_o as_o a_o reward_n to_o his_o great_a valour_n after_o he_o have_v defeat_v and_o slay_v edward_n brus_n that_o momentary_a king_n of_o ireland_n aforesaid_a who_o have_v ravage_v the_o country_n with_o great_a cruelty_n and_o slaughter_n for_o some_o time_n give_v he_o the_o say_a earldom_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o he_o and_o the_o heir_n male_n of_o his_o body_n as_o also_o the_o barony_n of_o athenry_n but_o as_o the_o honour_n have_v its_o first_o life_n and_o be_v in_o this_o gentleman_n so_o it_o expire_v with_o he_o for_o after_o he_o have_v come_v off_o safe_a from_o the_o conquest_n of_o his_o enemy_n he_o be_v overcome_v and_o slay_v here_o in_o a_o popular_a 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ago_o this_o family_n be_v eminent_a for_o their_o cavalry_n which_o be_v now_o weaken_v by_o the_o wise_a conduct_n of_o henry_n of_o sir_n henry_n henry_n sidney_n who_o divide_v this_o territory_n of_o they_o into_o seven_o barony_n the_o lord_n of_o it_o all_o of_o this_o family_n hold_v immediate_o by_o knights-service_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n their_o way_n of_o live_v be_v not_o usualy_a in_o town_n but_o in_o castle_n they_o have_v a_o bishopric_n among_o they_o bishop_n bishopric_n of_o kilmore_n poor_a bishop_n but_o very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o see_v whereof_o be_v at_o kilmore_n however_o this_o bishop_n be_v not_o so_o poor_a neither_o as_o those_o irish_a bishop_n who_o have_v no_o other_o revenue_n or_o subsistence_n than_o three_o milk-cow_n with_o this_o favourable_a custom_n that_o if_o they_o go_v dry_a the_o parish_n be_v to_o give_v other_o in_o exchange_n for_o they_o as_o adam_n bremensis_n relate_v from_o the_o information_n of_o some_o of_o they_o return_v out_o of_o italy_n by_o germany_n the_o county_n of_o fermanagh_n on_o the_o west_n and_o north_n beyond_o cavon_n lie_v fermanagh_n former_o inhabit_v by_o the_o erdini_n a_o country_n well_o wooded_a and_o full_a of_o bog_n in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o it_o lie_v the_o great_a and_o most_o famous_a lake_n in_o this_o kingdom_n call_v lough_n erne_n erne_n 〈◊〉_d erne_n extend_v at_o least_o forty_o mile_n shade_v with_o thick_a wood_n and_o full_a of_o inhabit_a island_n some_o of_o which_o contain_v no_o less_o than_o two_o or_o three_o hundred_o acre_n a_o piece_n and_o withal_o so_o well_o store_v with_o pike_n trout_n salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n that_o the_o fisherman_n often_o complain_v of_o too_o great_a plenty_n and_o the_o break_n of_o their_o net_n than_o of_o any_o want_n this_o lake_n do_v not_o stretch_v from_o east_n to_o west_n as_o the_o map_n describe_v it_o as_o i_o be_o inform_v by_o those_o who_o have_v take_v a_o full_a survey_n of_o it_o it_o begin_v at_o baltarbet_a â—â—â—arbet_fw-la â—â—â—arbet_fw-la which_o be_v the_o utmost_a village_n in_o the_o county_n of_o cavon_n northward_o and_o reach_n from_o south_n to_o north_n fourteen_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n before_o it_o have_v go_v very_o far_o it_o contract_v itself_o as_o narrow_a as_o the_o channel_n of_o a_o ordinary_a river_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o six_o mile_n together_o upon_o the_o lough_z in_o this_o narrow_a place_n stand_v 1641._o stand_v this_o be_v the_o famous_a town_n of_o iniskilling_a so_o often_o mention_v in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a war_n and_o of_o the_o rebellion_n in_o 1641._o iniskilling_a the_o best_a fort_n of_o these_o part_n defend_v in_o the_o year_n 1593._o by_o the_o rebel_n and_o take_v by_o dowdall_n a_o gallant_a captain_n from_o hence_o as_o it_o turn_v westward_o it_o be_v at_o its_o full_a bigness_n be_v as_o far_o as_o belek_n belek_n belek_n for_o twenty_o mile_n together_o at_o least_o ten_o mile_n broad_a and_o within_o a_o little_a of_o that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a fall_n or_o cataract_n which_o they_o call_v the_o salmon_n leap_n here_o be_v a_o current_a report_n among_o the_o people_n live_v hereabout_o that_o this_o lough_n be_v former_o firm_a ground_n well_o cultivate_v and_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o it_o be_v sudden_o overwhelm_v and_o turn_v into_o a_o lake_n to_o extinguish_v the_o abominable_a crime_n of_o buggery_n then_o among_o they_o god_n almighty_a say_v giraldus_n the_o author_n of_o nature_n condemn_v this_o land_n as_o guilty_a of_o those_o filthy_a and_o unnatural_a act_n which_o render_v it_o not_o only_o unfit_a for_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n but_o any_o other_o that_o may_v come_v after_o the_o irish_a annal_n lay_v this_o to_o the_o charge_n of_o certain_a scotch-refugees_a that_o be_v drive_v from_o the_o hebrides_n and_o take_v up_o here_o the_o most_o noble_a and_o powerful_a
themselves_o throw_v off_o or_o reject_v endeavour_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n by_o poison_n the_o church_n be_v the_o habitation_n of_o the_o priest_n whore_n and_o bastard_n there_o they_o drink_v fornicate_v murder_n and_o keep_v their_o cattle_n among_o these_o wild_a irish_a there_o be_v nothing_o sacred_a no_o sign_n of_o a_o church_n or_o chapel_n save_v outward_o no_o altar_n or_o at_o most_o such_o only_a as_o be_v pollute_v and_o if_o a_o crucifix_n thereon_o deface_v and_o break_v the_o sacred_a vestment_n be_v so_o nasty_a they_o will_v turn_v one_o stomach_n their_o movable_a altar_n without_o a_o cross_n mean_a and_o despicable_a the_o mass-book_n tear_v and_o without_o the_o canon_n use_v also_o in_o all_o oath_n and_o perjury_n their_o chalice_n be_v of_o lead_n without_o a_o cover_n and_o their_o communion-cup_n of_o horn_n the_o priest_n think_v of_o nothing_o but_o provide_v for_o their_o child_n and_o get_v more_o the_o rector_n play_v the_o vicar_n and_o that_o in_o many_o parish_n together_o be_v great_a pretender_n to_o the_o canon-law_n but_o absolute_a stranger_n to_o all_o part_n of_o learning_n the_o son_n succeed_v their_o father_n in_o their_o church_n have_v dispensation_n for_o their_o bastardy_n these_o will_v not_o go_v into_o priest_n order_n but_o commit_v the_o charge_n to_o the_o presbyter_n the_o presbyter_n curate_n without_o any_o allowance_n that_o they_o may_v live_v by_o the_o book_n i_o e._n by_o the_o small_a oblation_n at_o baptism_n unction_n or_o burial_n which_o prove_v but_o a_o poor_a maintenance_n the_o son_n of_o these_o priest_n who_o follow_v not_o their_o study_n grow_v general_o notorious_a robber_n for_o those_o that_o be_v call_v mac_n decan_n mac_n pherson_n mac_n ospac_n i.e._n the_o son_n of_o the_o dean_n rector_n and_o bishop_n be_v the_o great_a robber_n enable_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o their_o parent_n to_o raise_v the_o great_a gang_n of_o accomplice_n which_o likewise_o induce_v they_o to_o hospitality_n after_o the_o example_n of_o their_o forefather_n the_o daughter_n of_o these_o if_o marry_v in_o their_o father_n life-time_n have_v good_a portion_n but_o if_o afterward_o they_o either_o turn_v whore_n or_o beggar_n they_o hardly_o speak_v three_o word_n without_o a_o solemn_a oath_n by_o the_o trinity_n god_n the_o saint_n st._n patrick_n st._n brigid_n their_o baptism_n their_o faith_n the_o church_n their_o godfather_n hand_n and_o by_o this_o hand_n though_o they_o take_v these_o oath_n upon_o the_o bible_n or_o mass-book_n lay_v upon_o their_o bare_a head_n and_o be_v perjure_v or_o forswear_v yet_o if_o any_o one_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o danger_n of_o damnation_n they_o present_o tell_v he_o that_o god_n be_v merciful_a and_o will_v not_o suffer_v the_o price_n of_o his_o own_o blood_n to_o be_v lose_v whether_o i_o repent_v or_o not_o i_o shall_v never_o be_v throw_v into_o hell_n as_o for_o performance_n of_o promise_n these_o three_o thing_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o strong_a obligation_n among_o they_o 1._o to_o swear_v at_o the_o altar_n with_o his_o hand_n upon_o the_o book_n as_o it_o lie_v open_a upon_o his_o bare_a head_n 2._o to_o invoke_v some_o saint_n or_o other_o by_o touch_v or_o kiss_v his_o bell_n or_o crooked_a staff_n 3._o to_o swear_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o earl_n or_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o lord_n or_o any_o other_o person_n of_o quality_n for_o perjury_n in_o the_o two_o first_o case_n make_v he_o infamous_a but_o in_o this_o last_o oath_n the_o grandee_n by_o who_o name_n be_v swear_v fine_n he_o so_o much_o money_n and_o so_o many_o cow_n for_o the_o injury_n he_o have_v do_v his_o name_n for_o cow_n be_v the_o most_o valuable_a treasure_n here_o of_o which_o this_o be_v remarkable_a as_o the_o same_o writer_n tell_v we_o that_o cow_n be_v certain_a to_o give_v no_o milk_n in_o ireland_n unless_o either_o their_o own_o calf_n be_v set_v alive_a by_o they_o or_o the_o skin_n of_o a_o calf_n stuff_v out_o with_o straw_n to_o represent_v a_o live_a one_o in_o which_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o smell_n of_o their_o own_o matrix_fw-la if_o the_o cow_n happen_v to_o become_v dry_a a_o witch_n be_v send_v for_o who_o settle_v the_o cow_n affection_n upon_o another_o calf_n by_o certain_a herb_n and_o make_v she_o yield_v her_o milk_n they_o seldom_o marry_v out_o of_o their_o own_o town_n and_o contract_n with_o one_o another_o not_o in_o praesenti_fw-la but_o in_o futuro_fw-la or_o else_o consent_v without_o any_o manner_n of_o deliberation_n upon_o this_o account_n the_o least_o difference_n general_o part_v they_o the_o husband_n take_v another_o wife_n and_o the_o wife_n another_o husband_n nor_o be_v it_o certain_a whether_o the_o contract_n be_v true_a or_o false_a till_o they_o die_v hence_o arise_v feud_n rapine_n murder_n and_o deadly_a enmity_n about_o succeed_v to_o the_o inheritance_n the_o cast-off-wive_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o witch_n these_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o able_a to_o afflict_v either_o the_o former_a husband_n or_o the_o new_a wife_n with_o barrenness_n or_o impotency_n or_o some_o other_o calamity_n all_o of_o they_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o commit_v incest_n and_o divorce_v under_o pretence_n of_o conscience_n be_v very_o frequent_a both_o man_n and_o woman_n set_v a_o great_a value_n upon_o their_o hair_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o golden_a colour_n and_o long_o for_o they_o plat_v it_o out_o at_o full_a length_n for_o more_o show_n and_o suffer_v it_o to_o hang_v down_o fine_o wreathe_v fold_v over_o their_o head_n many_o ell_n of_o fine_a linen_n this_o sort_n of_o headdress_a be_v wear_v by_o all_o that_o can_v compass_v it_o be_v they_o wife_n or_o strumpet_n after_o childbed_n to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v abundance_n of_o superstitious_a custom_n whether_o or_o no_o they_o worship_v the_o moon_n i_o know_v not_o but_o when_o they_o first_o see_v she_o after_o the_o change_n they_o common_o bow_v the_o knee_n say_v the_o lord_n prayer_n and_o then_o address_v themselves_o to_o she_o after_o this_o manner_n leave_v we_o as_o well_o as_o thou_o find_v we_o they_o receive_v wolf_n as_o gossip_n call_v they_o chari_n christ_n pray_v for_o they_o and_o wish_v they_o happy_a upon_o which_o account_n they_o be_v not_o afraid_a of_o they_o they_o look_v through_o the_o blade-bone_n of_o a_o shoulder_n of_o mutton_n when_o the_o meat_n be_v pick_v clean_o off_o and_o if_o they_o find_v it_o dark_a in_o any_o part_n they_o think_v it_o portend_v a_o funeral_n out_o of_o that_o family_n they_o take_v any_o one_o for_o a_o witch_n that_o come_v to_o fetch_v fire_n on_o may-day_n and_o therefore_o refuse_v to_o give_v any_o unless_o the_o party_n ask_v it_o be_v sick_a and_o then_o it_o be_v with_o a_o curse_n believe_v that_o all_o their_o butter_n will_v be_v steal_v away_o next_o summer_n by_o this_o woman_n on_o may-day_n likewise_o if_o they_o find_v a_o hare_n among_o their_o herd_n they_o endeavour_v to_o kill_v she_o out_o of_o a_o notion_n that_o this_o be_v some_o old_a witch_n or_o other_o that_o have_v a_o design_n upon_o their_o butter_n if_o their_o butter_n be_v steal_v they_o fancy_v they_o shall_v recover_v it_o if_o they_o take_v some_o of_o the_o thatch_n that_o hang_v over_o the_o door_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o fire_n but_o they_o think_v it_o foretell_v they_o a_o plentiful_a dairy_n if_o they_o set_v bough_n of_o tree_n before_o their_o door_n on_o a_o may-day_n when_o any_o town-magistrate_n among_o they_o enter_v upon_o his_o office_n the_o wife_n in_o the_o street_n and_o the_o maiden_n in_o the_o window_n strew_v he_o and_o his_o retinue_n with_o salt_n and_o wheat_n before_o they_o sow_v their_o field_n the_o good_a wife_n of_o the_o house_n send_v salt_n to_o it_o to_o prevent_v the_o kite_n and_o hinder_v he_o from_o steal_v their_o chicken_n they_o hang_v up_o the_o eggshell_n wherein_o the_o chicken_n be_v hatch_v in_o the_o ceiling_n of_o the_o house_n it_o be_v think_v unlawful_a to_o rub_v or_o clean_a their_o horse_n foot_n or_o to_o gather_v grass_n for_o they_o upon_o a_o saturday_n though_o all_o this_o may_v be_v do_v upon_o their_o strict_a holiday_n if_o they_o never_o lend_v out_o fire_n to_o their_o neighbour_n they_o imagine_v it_o add_v length_n of_o life_n and_o much_o health_n to_o their_o horse_n when_o the_o owner_n of_o a_o horse_n eat_v egg_n he_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o eat_v a_o even_a number_n otherwise_o they_o endanger_v their_o horse_n jockey_n be_v not_o at_o all_o to_o eat_v egg_n and_o whatever_o horseman_n do_v it_o he_o must_v wash_v his_o hand_n immediate_o after_o when_o a_o horse_n die_v the_o master_n hang_v up_o the_o foot_n and_o leg_n in_o the_o house_n and_o look_n upon_o the_o very_a hoof_n as_o
land_n beyond_o this_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o north_n call_v by_o the_o native_n melienydh_n â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi â—â—â—ieâ—ydh_fw-mi from_o the_o yellowish_a mountain_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n a_o barren_a and_o hungry_a soil_n which_o notwithstanding_o show_v the_o ruin_n of_o divers_a castle_n â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—n_fw-la y_fw-mi â—â—s_o â—â—â—minâ—â—â—â—_n but_o especial_o of_o keun_n lhys_n and_o tinbod_v stand_v ‖_o on_o the_o summit_n of_o a_o cope_v hill_n and_o be_v destroy_v by_o lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 1260._o this_o country_n of_o melienydh_n reach_v to_o the_o river_n wye_n b_o which_o cross_v the_o western_a angle_n of_o the_o county_n and_o have_v it_o be_v rapid_a course_n somewhat_o abate_v by_o the_o rock_n it_o meet_v with_o and_o its_o channel_n discontinue_v it_o sudden_o fall_v headlong_o over_o a_o steep_a precipice_n whence_o the_o place_n be_v call_v rhà iadr_n gŵy_o gwy_n rhaiadr_n gwy_n which_o imply_v as_o much_o as_o the_o cataract_n or_o fall_n of_o the_o river_n wye_n c_o and_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o the_o english_a may_v not_o from_o that_o word_n rhà iadr_n impose_v the_o name_n of_o radnor_n first_o on_o the_o county_n and_o afterward_o on_o the_o chief_a town_n therein_o by_o this_o cataract_n there_o be_v a_o castle_n which_o as_o we_o find_v it_o record_v be_v repair_v by_o rhÅ·s_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o first_o near_o this_o place_n there_o be_v a_o vast_a wilderness_n dismal_a to_o behold_v by_o reason_n of_o many_o crooked_a way_n and_o high_a mountain_n into_o which_o as_o a_o safe_a place_n of_o refuge_n that_o bane_n of_o his_o native_a country_n king_n vortigern_n vortigern_n vortigern_n who_o very_a memory_n the_o britain_n curse_n withdraw_v himself_o when_o he_o have_v at_o last_o serious_o repent_v of_o his_o abominable_a wickedness_n in_o call_v in_o the_o english-saxons_a and_o incestuous_o marry_v his_o own_o daughter_n but_o god_n vengeance_n pursue_v he_o he_o be_v consume_v by_o lightning_n together_o with_o his_o city_n kaer-gwortigern_a which_o he_o have_v build_v for_o his_o refuge_n nor_o be_v it_o far_o from_o hence_o as_o if_o the_o place_n be_v fatal_a that_o not_o only_o this_o vortigern_n the_o last_o british_a monarch_n of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o britain_n but_o also_o lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n lhewelyn_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o wales_n of_o the_o british_a line_n be_v betray_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1282._o end_v his_o life_n from_o this_o vortigern_n ninnius_n call_v that_o small_a region_n gwortiger_n mawr_n nor_o be_v the_o name_n yet_o lose_v but_o of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v not_o any_o memorial_n but_o what_o we_o have_v from_o author_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o castle_n of_o gwthrènion_n gwerthrynion_n gwerthrynion_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o which_o the_o welshman_n for_o their_o hatred_n to_o roger_n mortimer_n lay_v even_o with_o the_o ground_n an._n 1201._o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v be_v also_o call_v gwarth_a ennion_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o ninnius_n who_o write_v that_o the_o forementioned_a vortigern_n when_o he_o be_v public_o and_o sharp_o reprove_v by_o st._n german_n do_v not_o only_o persist_v in_o his_o obstinacy_n and_o wicked_a practice_n but_o also_o cast_v false_a and_o malicious_a reproach_n on_o that_o godly_a saint_n wherefore_o say_v ninnius_n vortimer_n the_o son_n of_o vortigern_n ordain_v that_o the_o land_n where_o the_o bishop_n have_v receive_v so_o great_a a_o indignity_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o for_o ever_o just_o guarth_n in_o british_a calumny_n and_o eniaw_v just_o upon_o which_o and_o in_o memory_n of_o st._n german_n it_o have_v be_v call_v gwarth_a enian_a which_o in_o english_a signify_v a_o slander_n just_o requite_v the_o mortimer_n descend_v from_o the_o niece_n of_o gonora_n wife_n of_o rich._n 1._o duke_n of_o normandy_n 10._o earl_n of_o march_n g._n gemet_n l._n ult_n c._n 10._o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v overcome_v edric_n wild._n edric_n weald_n or_o wild._n sylvaticus_fw-la a_o saxon_a gain_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o this_o small_a territory_n and_o have_v continue_v for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o leading-man_n of_o the_o county_n at_o length_n roger_n mortimer_n lord_n of_o wigmore_n be_v create_v earl_n of_o march_n by_o edw._n 3._o about_o 1328._o who_o soon_o after_o be_v sentence_v to_o death_n have_v be_v accuse_v of_o insolence_n to_o the_o state_n of_o favour_v the_o scot_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o england_n of_o converse_v over-familiar_o with_o the_o king_n mother_n and_o contrive_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n king_n edward_n 2._o he_o have_v by_o his_o wife_n jane_n jenevil_n 3._o lâ—b_n monast_n lanthony_n 29_o ed._n 3._o who_o bring_v he_o large_a revenue_n as_o well_o in_o ireland_n as_o england_n a_o son_n call_v edmund_n who_o suffer_v for_o his_o father_n crime_n and_o be_v deprive_v both_o of_o his_o inheritance_n and_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n but_o his_o son_n roger_n be_v receive_v into_o favour_n and_o have_v not_o only_o the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n restore_v but_o be_v also_o create_v knight_n of_o the_o garter_n at_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o that_o noble_a order_n this_o roger_n marry_v philippe_n montague_n by_o who_o he_o have_v edmund_n earl_n of_o march_n who_o marry_v philippe_n the_o only_a daughter_n of_o leonel_n duke_n of_o clarence_n the_o three_o son_n of_o king_n edward_n 3._o whereby_o he_o obtain_v the_o earldom_n of_o ulster_n in_o ireland_n and_o the_o lordship_n of_o clare_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o ireland_n where_o he_o have_v govern_v with_o general_a applause_n his_o son_n roger_n succeed_v be_v both_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o ulster_n who_o king_n richard_n design_v his_o successor_n to_o the_o crown_n as_o be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o mother_n the_o next_o heir_n but_o he_o die_v before_o king_n richard_n left_a issue_n edmund_n and_o anne_n king_n henry_n 4._o who_o have_v usurp_v the_o government_n suspect_v edmund_n interest_n and_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n expose_v he_o to_o many_o hazard_n insomuch_o that_o be_v take_v by_o the_o rebel_n owen_n glyndwr_a he_o die_v of_o grief_n and_o discontent_n leave_v his_o sister_n anne_n to_o inherit_v she_o be_v marry_v to_o richard_n plantagenet_n earl_n of_o cambridge_n who_o posterity_n in_o her_o right_n become_v afterward_o earl_n of_o march_n and_o lay_v claim_n to_o the_o crown_n county_z see_v in_o yâ—â—â—shire_n towards_o â—â—e_z end_n of_o â—â—e_z county_z which_o in_o the_o end_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v elsewhere_o they_o obtain_v and_o edward_n the_o four_o elder_a son_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n etc._n etc._n have_v also_o confer_v on_o he_o as_o a_o additional_a honour_n the_o title_n of_o earl_n of_o march_n as_o for_o the_o title_n of_o radnor_n 1679._o radnor_n it_o be_v confer_v upon_o john_n roberts_n lord_n roberts_n of_o truro_n 23_o jul._n 1679._o no_o man_n ever_o boâ—e_n it_o separately_z that_o i_o know_v of_o in_o this_o county_n be_v 52_o parish_n addition_n to_o radnorshire_n asleep_o the_o first_o place_n of_o considerable_a antiquity_n we_o meet_v with_o in_o this_o country_n be_v clawdh_n offa_n offa._n extent_n of_o clawdh_n offa._n the_o trace_v whereof_o give_v we_o the_o exact_a bound_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n it_o may_v be_v see_v on_o brachy-hill_n and_o near_o rÅ·hd_v be_v helig_n and_o lanterden_n in_o herefordshire_n and_o be_v continue_v northwards_o from_o knighton_n over_o a_o part_n of_o shropshire_n into_o mongomeryshire_n and_o may_v be_v trace_v over_o the_o long_a mountain_n call_v in_o welsh_a keun_n digolh_n to_o harden_n castle_n across_o the_o severn_n and_o lhan_n drinio-common_a from_o whence_o it_o pass_v the_o vyrnwy_n again_o into_o shropshire_n not_o far_o from_o oswaldstry_n where_o there_o be_v also_o a_o small_a village_n call_v trevyrclawdh_n in_o denbighshire_n it_o be_v visible_a along_o the_o road_n between_o rhywabon_n and_o wrexham_n fâ—om_o whence_o be_v continue_v through_o flintshire_n it_o end_v a_o little_a below_o holywell_n where_o that_o water_n fall_v into_o dee_n at_o a_o place_n former_o the_o site_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o basingwerk_n this_o limit_n seem_v not_o afterward_o well_o maintain_v by_o the_o english_a for_o although_o we_o find_v that_o the_o british_a tongue_n decrease_v daily_o on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n yet_o not_o only_o that_o language_n but_o also_o the_o ancient_a british_a custom_n and_o name_n of_o man_n and_o place_n remain_v still_o for_o some_o space_n on_o the_o english_a side_n almost_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o b_o the_o word_n gwy_n or_o why_o signify_v gwy_a or_o why_o what_o it_o signify_v though_o it_o be_v here_o the_o name_n of_o a_o river_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v ancient_o a_o appellative_a word_n either_o for_o
river_n or_o water_n for_o although_o it_o be_v not_o use_v at_o present_a in_o that_o sense_n nor_o yet_o preserve_v in_o any_o glossary_a or_o other_o book_n yet_o i_o find_v it_o in_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o name_n of_o many_o of_o our_o river_n ex_fw-la gr_n lhugwy_o dowrdwy_n y_fw-fr vyrnwy_n edwy_n conwy_n elwy_n hondhwy_o mynwy_n mowdhwy_n tawy_n towy_a etc._n etc._n now_o that_o this_o final_a syllable_n wy_fw-mi in_o these_o name_n of_o river_n be_v the_o same_o with_o gwy_a seem_v more_o than_o probable_a in_o that_o we_o find_v the_o river_n towy_a call_v in_o the_o book_n of_o landaffe_n tiugui_n ab_fw-la hostio_fw-la taratir_n super_fw-la ripam_fw-la gui_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ripam_fw-la tiugui_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o also_o the_o river_n elwy_n call_v elgui_n and_o that_o gwy_a or_o wy_fw-mi signify_v water_n seem_v also_o confirm_v from_o the_o name_n of_o some_o aquatic_a animal_n as_o gwyach_v gîach_n eog_v alias_o oiog_n etc._n etc._n this_o be_v grant_v we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o interpret_v the_o name_n of_o several_a river_n which_o have_v hitherto_o remain_v unintelligible_a as_o lhugwy_a clear_a water_n from_o lhug_v which_o signify_v light_a or_o brightness_n dowrdwy_n loud_a water_n from_o dwradh_n noise_n edwy_n a_o swift_a or_o rapid_a stream_n from_o ehed_n to_o fly_v etc._n etc._n c_o as_o for_o rhà iadr_n gŵy_n several_a place_n in_o wales_n be_v thus_o denominate_v all_o which_o have_v cataract_n near_o they_o and_o the_o word_n be_v still_o use_v appellative_o among_o the_o mountain_n of_o snowdon_n in_o caernarvonshire_n where_o such_o fall_v of_o water_n be_v very_o frequent_a rhaiadar-castle_n whereof_o not_o the_o least_o ruin_n be_v now_o remain_v be_v very_o advantageous_o situate_v in_o a_o nook_n of_o the_o river_n close_o by_o this_o cataract_n but_o what_o seem_v very_o remarkable_a be_v a_o deep_a trench_n on_o one_o side_n of_o the_o castle-yaâ—d_a cut_v out_o of_o a_o exceed_a hard_a and_o solid_a rock_n about_o two_o furlong_n below_o this_o place_n where_o the_o castle_n stand_v i_o observe_v a_o large_a tumulus_n or_o barrow_n call_v from_o a_o chapel_n adjoin_v tommen_n lhan_o st._n frêd_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n at_o a_o far_a distance_n there_o be_v two_o more_o krigeu_n bâ—rrows_n or_o lâ—ws_v call_v in_o welsh_a krigeu_n much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a call_v krigeu_n keun_v keido_n viz._n the_o barrow_n of_o keun_n keido_n a_o place_n so_o call_v where_o it_o be_v suppose_v there_o stand_v heretofore_o a_o church_n for_o that_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n adjoin_v be_v call_v klyttieu'r_o eglwys_n ¶_o on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n call_v gwastèdin_n near_o rhaiadr_n gŵy_n there_o be_v three_o large_a heap_n of_o stone_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v common_a upon_o mountain_n in_o most_o if_o not_o all_o county_n of_o wales_n and_o be_v call_v in_o south-wales_n karneu_fw-fr signâ—â—â—â—s_n karâ—_n wiâ—â—_n it_o signâ—â—â—â—s_n and_o in_o north-wales_n karnedheu_fw-la they_o consist_v of_o any_o such_o lesser_a stone_n from_o a_o pound_n weight_n to_o a_o hundâ—ed_o etc._n etc._n as_o the_o neighbour_a place_n afford_v and_o be_v confuse_o pile_v up_o without_o any_o far_a trouble_n than_o the_o bring_v they_o thither_o and_o the_o throw_n of_o they_o in_o heap_n on_o plin_n lhimmon_n mountain_n and_o some_o other_o place_n there_o be_v of_o these_o karnedheu_fw-la so_o considerable_o big_a that_o they_o may_v be_v suppose_v to_o consist_v of_o no_o less_o than_o a_o hundred_o cartloads_a of_o stone_n but_o general_o consider_v they_o be_v much_o less_o they_o be_v also_o find_v in_o the_o north_n and_o probable_o other_o part_n of_o england_n and_o be_v frequent_a in_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n be_v call_v there_o by_o the_o same_o british_a name_n of_o kairn_n whereof_o i_o can_v give_v no_o other_o account_n to_o the_o curious_a reader_n than_o that_o it_o be_v a_o primitive_a word_n and_o appropriate_v to_o signify_v such_o heap_n of_o stone_n that_o most_o of_o these_o karnedheu_fw-la not_o to_o say_v all_o be_v intend_v as_o memorial_n of_o the_o dead_a i_o be_o induce_v to_o believe_v for_o that_o i_o have_v myself_o observe_v near_o the_o summit_n of_o one_o of_o they_o a_o rude_a stone_n monument_n which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o prove_v sepulchral_v hereafter_o somewhat_o of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o large_a coffer_n or_o chest_n and_o have_v receive_v unquestionable_a information_n of_o two_o more_o such_o monument_n find_v of_o late_a year_n in_o the_o like_a place_n but_o what_o remove_v all_o scruple_n and_o put_v this_o question_n beyond_o far_a debate_n be_v that_o it_o be_v still_o the_o custom_n in_o several_a place_n to_o cast_v heap_n of_o stone_n on_o the_o grave_n of_o malefactor_n and_o self-murderer_n and_o hence_o perhaps_o it_o be_v since_o we_o can_v assign_v no_o other_o reason_n that_o the_o worst_a of_o traitor_n be_v call_v karn-vradwyr_a the_o most_o notorious_a thief_n karn-lhadron_a etc._n etc._n that_o this_o be_v also_o the_o custom_n among_o the_o roman_n appear_v from_o that_o epitaph_n ascribe_v to_o virgil_n on_o the_o infamous_a robber_n balista_n monte_fw-la sub_fw-la hoc_fw-la lapidum_fw-la tegitur_fw-la balista_n sepultus_fw-la nocte_fw-la die_v tutum_fw-la carp_n viator_n iter_fw-la but_o that_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o usual_a among_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o roman_n seem_v evident_a for_o that_o they_o be_v common_a also_o in_o the_o highland_n of_o scotland_n and_o in_o ireland_n where_o their_o conquest_n never_o reach_v now_o if_o it_o be_v demand_v whether_o malefactor_n only_o be_v thus_o serve_v in_o ancient_a time_n or_o whether_o other_o person_n indifferent_o have_v not_o such_o heap_n of_o stone_n erect_v to_o they_o as_o sepulchral_v monument_n i_o answer_v that_o before_o christianity_n be_v introduce_v man_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v such_o funeral_n piles_n and_o such_o i_o take_v to_o have_v be_v the_o large_a of_o they_o those_o especial_o that_o have_v the_o monument_n above_o mention_v within_o they_o but_o since_o the_o plant_n of_o christianity_n they_o become_v so_o detestable_a and_o appropriate_v to_o malefactor_n that_o sometime_o the_o most_o passionate_a wish_n a_o man_n can_v express_v to_o his_o enemy_n be_v that_o a_o karn_n be_v his_o monument_n wynâ—â—_n karn_n 〈◊〉_d wynâ—â—_n and_o as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v the_o most_o notorious_a and_o profligate_v criminal_n be_v distinguish_v by_o that_o word_n brecknockshire_n on_o the_o south_n of_o radnor_n lie_v brecknockshire_n in_o british_a brycheinog_n so_o call_v as_o the_o welsh_a suppose_v â—_o giraâ—d_n â—â—mo_fw-la 〈◊〉_d c._n â—_o from_o prince_n *_o brechanius_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o numerous_a and_o holy_a offspring_n to_o wit_n twenty_o four_o daughter_n all_o saint_n this_o be_v considerable_o a_o large_a county_n than_o radnorshire_n but_o more_o mountainous_a though_o in_o many_o place_n it_o be_v adorn_v with_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a vale_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o hereford_n on_o the_o south_n with_o monmouth_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o caermardhinshire_n but_o since_o nothing_o can_v be_v add_v in_o the_o describe_v of_o this_o small_a province_n to_o what_o the_o industrious_a giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la have_v already_o write_v who_o be_v archdeacon_n hereof_o four_o hundred_o year_n since_o i_o may_v do_v well_o for_o some_o time_n to_o be_v silent_a and_o call_v he_o to_o my_o assistance_n brechiniauc_v say_v he_o in_o his_o itinerary_n of_o wales_n be_v a_o land_n sufficient_o abound_v with_o corn_n whereof_o if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n it_o be_v ample_o supply_v from_o the_o border_n of_o england_n and_o be_v well_o store_v with_o wood_n pasture_n wild_a deer_n and_o herd_n of_o cattle_n it_o have_v also_o plenty_n of_o river-fish_n from_o usk_n and_o why_o both_o abound_a with_o salmon_n and_o trout_n but_o the_o why_o with_o a_o better_a sort_n call_v umbrae_n it_o be_v enclose_v on_o all_o part_n except_o the_o north_n with_o high_a mountain_n have_v on_o the_o west_n the_o mountain_n of_o cantre-bychan_a and_o towards_o the_o south_n the_o southern-hill_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v call_v kader_n arthur_n or_o arthur_n chair_n from_o two_o peak_v on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v a_o chair_n which_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v a_o lofty_a seat_n and_o a_o place_n of_o strength_n be_v ascribe_v in_o the_o vulgar_a appellation_n of_o it_o to_z arthur_z the_o most_o puissant_a and_o absolute_a monarch_n of_o the_o britain_n a_o fountain_n spring_v on_o the_o very_a top_n of_o this_o hill_n which_o be_v as_o deep_a as_o a_o drawwell_a and_o four_o square_n afford_v trout_n though_o no_o water_n run_v out_o of_o it_o be_v thus_o guard_v on_o the_o south_n with_o high_a mountain_n it_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n with_o