Faculty The Nature also Scanning and Pronouncing Verses may now begin to be taught and some Rules in order to Composing that he may not be altogether ignorant of the Mechanical part of Poetry and may perceive the different make of Latin in Verse from Latin in Prose He also may be assisted how to invent Sense upon some plain and obvious Subject which will be the way to stir up Fancy But because inventing Sense for Verse is much more difficult than in Prose exercise him for a while to learn the Rules concerning the Feet in long and short Verses in making Nonsence Verses without any regard to Concordance and only for Metre's sake Fifth Year I Presume at this time Knowledge will begin to thicken and Composition will ripen apace by showing the Parts and Method of Speeches and also of common Themes He will now be able to read Authors himself and therefore must be guided what to Remark as observable in Authors according to the Method prescribed in the Apparatus de Grammaticâ A Play in Terence now and then will divert by the Matter and give a new kind of Relish by the finery of the Phrase In Florus the Wit and Juvenile Elegancy will affect a Youthful Fancy which Martial and Ovid's Works will heighten The variety of Subjects in Valerius Maximus will please Sixth Year IT is odds but some Persons will wonder why not a Word of Greek all this while and because Wonderers must sometimes be answered in their folly I will tell the reason I am afraid it is one great hinderance to progress in those Schools wherein before a Boy can turn his Pater Noster into true Latin he must play at Blind-Man's-Buff with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and make his Mother quite stun the next Company she meets with the Gossiping News what an horrible Grecian her Son is When all this while the Boy is but going to unlearn his little Latin and acts like a crippled Turn-Spit in a Wheel he takes great pains to get up forwards and all he gets is to come down back again the faster But now at such an Age as this it is to be presum'd that he may be so far gone in Latin as that some leisure Hours may be spared for the Rudiments of Greek For the more Pains is taken and the more Skill he gets in the Latin Tongue will enlarge his Capacity and make the Greek Language more easie to be learned than Latin was when Memory and Fancy were weak Let him spend this Year to be made fully understand the Greek-Grammer getting without Book Declinations of Nouns and Conjugations of Verbs and the use of Pronouns Conjunctions Prepositions and Adverbs But Care must be taken that Pretension to Greek may not make the young Man think that Latin is not the more useful Language Now Quintus Curtius and Lucan will be worth his Study and composing Verses and Speeches may be taught him though Versifying beyond the bare forme how unsit it is for a Gentleman See the Apparatus de Grammaticâ Seventh Year WHen he is well instructed in the Greek Grammar for Nouns Verbs and the Syntax of both the next thing is to furnish him with the Knowledge of the Greek Themes I have seen a Book the Name I cannot remember wherein all the Original Greek Words were comprized in so many Sentences with Latin annexed so that they might be learned in little Time and by being often read over fixed in the Memory for want of such an help let him take Leusden's Compendium Novi Testamenti and practise upon that Book first for single Words and Stobaeus his Fragmenta Epictetus with some of the minor Poets For Latin Cicero Virgil and Livy This Year and the next must be mightily employed with all manner of Exercises not one Hour to be lost unless for Health's sake And lest that Health should be made use of to make the Child Idle to no purpose in seasonable Weather and at leisure Times let him learn to Dance because these Exercises will divert from worse or more tedious loss of Time They will also prevent antick and misbecoming Gestures which Children are apt to get and which prove afterwards difficult to be Cured for at this tender Age thsee Mascular Motions are easily shaped to decency of Address and Carriages which looks Delicately in Children and which by degrees will grow up into so easie an Habit as that the Art and Stiffness of it being with his Age quite lost his Gentility shall seem Natural and so Infinitely more Delighting This is an odd Digression hut perhaps useful Now some skill in the Globes Now the Epochas in the Apparatus de Munere Historico are to be fill'd up and distances determined and a Method of Cronological History after Christ by Centuries contrived Eighth Year THis Year being the last at School is to be very Laborious especially for Greek it is like the distance Post at a Race here they are to whip and spur Homer and Xenophon's Cyrus for Greek Horace Caeshr's Commentaries and Tacitus for Latin Here I must make all the hast I can to tell the Tutor that when I name respective Books for each single Year I do not mean that the Child should read them all over in that Year but go so far in each Book as to tast the relish of the singular Latin in one and the other and hereafter to study the Mastery of each Neither do I take my self to be so wife as to make what I have said a Standard unalterable but sincerely my only Design is to prescribe a Scheam for a young Tutour or School-Master to build upon exchanging Method or Books at his own Discretion The Third Stage From Fourteen to Twenty One. AFter a just Practice of the foregoing Methods it may be reasonably presum'd that the young Gentleman is very well furnished with skill in the Latin Tongue and no Stranger to Grock and then I conceive him fit for the Us niverllty because publique Assairs and his own Family Concerns will hastily require him into the World And here I will lay down the Resolutions which after some Experience I would take were I now chosen Tutor to a Person of great Quality and good Capacity 1. Conscientious Care must be taken of his Moral Behaviour in the University 2. Care must be taken the Child understand that though he be come to Oxford and expects the Taylor should put on him Philosophy with his Gown yet that Philology is still improveable and that Speeches and Theams will still deserve a good share of his Thoughts though Logick and Philosophy must make the greatest Noise in his Head 3. That Seriousness may not be thought a foreign Qualification to an Oxford Scholar the Tutor will do well to explain and advise the frequent reading over the Directions for a more easie quiet and less disturbed Life Guardian 's Instruct p. 7. which if he be made fully and warmly to comprehend he will know the value of his own Thoughts and
Soul and reckon the Prospect of Two Thousand a Year but as Paper and Pack-thread to the Fruit. 4. At his first coming to Oxford it is fit he should be made acquainted with some general knowledge of Philosophy of the Original Design and several parts of it because this will abate that confusion and surprize of Thoughts which cannot but attend the first entrance on this new fort of Learning 5. Great Industry must be employed to explain the Terms in all the Parts of Philosophy Because though this may be thought dry Diet for a Gentleman yet hereafter it will have this use that if the Person prove bookish and thinks it worth his while to read a controversial piece of Divinity or Philosophy it will trouble a Man of good Comprehension not to understand an Argument for want of knowling some od Term on which perhaps the Stress lies 6. Next to the Terms the Rules of Reasoning and foundations of Moods and Figures and Consequences being frequently insisted on and throughly known would be more beneficial to such a Person not being of a Foundation or intending to stay long than to dispute Logical Questions for either he will be vexed to find an Argument or will have nothing else to do but to read one of his Tutors making which is all lost Time 7. After a short System of Phisick in the old way a taste of the new Philosophy would relish well to understand the differing Principles upon which it proceeds 8. It will be very accomplishing to have some time set apart for the Mathematicks but for this there ought to be a Tutor particular whose singular conversation in that Study shall teach him much in little time 9. Ethicks Politicks History and the Practice of Rhetorick will be of everlasting use to a compleat Gentleman and therefore will best become the most designing part of the Institution Here it may be expected that I should be more particular in the Concerns of an Academical Institution both as to the Morals and Knowledge of the young Gentleman But that being already performed partly in the Guardian 's Instructions and partly in the Apparatus I shall referr the Tutor without swelling these Papers with a Transcript 1. As for that Behaviour which good Manners the Statutes of the University and a design of success and Proficiency oblige him to it is at large set down in the Guardian 's Instruction beginning page 50. and occasionally in many other Places with Advices to Parents Tutor and Scholar 2. As for a general Scheme of Philosophy both Speculative and Practical from the Original Design and Division of it See Appatus Chap. 9. 3. For a short and plain view of the Nature Use and Method of Logick See Apparatus Chap. 12. The special Parts of Philosophy follow only I think Institution in Ethicks and Civil-Law may usefully be mixed 4. A Method for the Study of History is at large set down in the special Part of the Apparatus de Munere Historico What Preparatory Directions are to be given for undertaking any one of the eminent Professions either of Physick Civil-Law Common-Law or Divinity each of which are capable to reward as much Industry as any Gentleman shall think sit to bestow are here to follow and compleat the design of an Academical Education which I take to be absolutely necessary to sit any Person of Quality to serve God and his Country in any publick and useful Employment or Calling And therefore I wish I were able to remove those Prejudices against the Universities which hinder many Persons from sending their Sons thither whence those Prejudices arise and in order to remove them what conceros the Governours Tutors and Discipline of the University as also what concerns the Parents and young Gentlemen to be bred up there hath been suggested in the Guardian Instruction to which I referr such Gentlemen as are sollicitous for the disposal of their Children into the World what some put in Practice at this time I cannot approve of 1. To send a young Gentleman to the Academy at Ten or Eleven Years of Age to be accomplished in those Exercises first and afterwards to be made a Scholar at the very first sight looks preposterous For after he hath been Mounted made look big and his Head runs round with the Prancings of the Great Horse he will think himself sitter to lead an Army than to sit down with the lazy Arts of Wisdom and Learning 2. To take him from School and place him with a prudent exemplary Minister is a way probable enough to keep him Virtuous and improve his Knowledge provided he will endure Confinement But that Conversation is somewhat of the narrowest for a Gentleman born to spread when he comes of Age and mix with Persons of his own Quality who have had a more Liberal knowledge of the World 3. If he be sent from School to some Protestant University beyond Sea the strangeness of New Faces Language Manners and Studies may prove perhaps uneasie And then their great want of Discipline to confine him to Prayers Exercises and Meals is dangerous all he will have to do is to keep touch with a Lecturer and what is learned from him most young Gentlemen are so civil as to leave behind them when they return If for cheapness or curiosity instead of an English Governour he be committed to a Foreigner there are some in the World who without a Fee will tell you what that is like to come to This Caution I thought necessary and now shall proceed I cannot better compare a Person who by his honest Industry hath qualified himself to serve his Generation in some special Course of Life than to a Man who hath laboured a great while with many a Sigh and weary Step to climb up an high Hill and at length reaching the Top rests and pants and with delight looks back down on the tedious exercise of his Limbs and Patience then turns about and views a mighty Plain which offers to the curiosity of his Choice variety of Paths to walk in according as his Ability and Condition shall direct him to take 1. Some are for following their greedy Eyes and taking the longest Path to borrow the Wisdom of foreign Countries for the use of their own And no doubt it would be a great Advantage to the Nation did every Person study to make the usefulness of his Travels equal the pleasure he takes in seeing things abroad and reporting them at home To this purpose 't is convenient to enquire after those Authors who have bestowed their Experience on the World very particularly on this Subject And because my Hand is in and Instruction is the Word in all this Book I am bound to set down such general Advises for Travailing as at this time come into my Thoughts I. The knowledge of your own Country is necessary not only for your own Pleasure and Satisfaction but also to beget a curiosity of looking and enquiring II. I
Benefactors are so established that an attempt of change is extravagant There is a great out-cry against the customary usage of the common Accidence and Grammar and tho' I could wish that every one who rails at them understood them yet I must own that the Objections which the Learned in the Art of Grammar have made are very considerable but will hardly be able to prevail with publick Authority to establish a new Method upon the Ruin of Lilly 'till manifest Experience of much greater and speedier Effects shall prepare the whole Nation to embrace it But it must be confess'd that they deserve a great many thanks who by their Objections endeavour to promote a more beneficial use of the common Grammar For tho' the Laws permit not private Persons to shorten Journeys by making a new High-way yet it is something like an equivalent to pick out the Stones and remove the Rubbs which lengthen the old one And every man is a Benefactor to the Publick who sets up a Mercurial Statue which tho' it be fixt and cannot turn and point to every By-Path yet it saves many a Travellor from being lost in the common Road. I come now to such directions as Year after Year may forward the Understanding the Latin Tongue They are not the largest or the most learned that I have read but they are most easie and most likely to be practised of any I have met with And hereby will be avoided the great Inconvenience which both Master and Scholar would find by changing the Accidence and Grammar Extraordinary success must not be expected without extraordinary pains But because it will seem tedious to dwell long upon little things there is great danger that the Master may make too much hast with the Child especially since Parents are impatient for the taking out New Lessons This I conceive is one great reason why Children afterwards prove imperfect because they leave things behind them not well understood Therefore in what follows I will set down the easiest Method I could extract out of the Rules which Lilly Ascham and later Schoolmasters give compared with foreign Advices of the same kind First Year IET the Child be made perfect in Declining Nouns thro' all Cases and forming Verbs thro' all Tenses and Persons when required and the flower it is in doing the effect will be the more sure and Progress greater Foreign Writers allot but few Months for this but I should be glad if the first whole Year could do it When he comes to the Declension of Nouns and Conjugation of Verbs let him have many several Examples of each First the easiest Examples and by general Rules without the Exceptions which will puzzle at the beginning afterwards such Examples as are harder and with the Exceptions also Daily Declining a Noun and Forming a Verb and turning it into all Fashions will fit him for Concords and framing Sentences by showing him how single Nouns and Verbs are joined Take some easie Sentence wherein all the Eight Parts of Speech are contained and let every single Word be declined and formed and afterwards construed as they depend upon each other When the Cases of Nouns and Persons of Verbs and Concords are well known then let not the Child drudge to learn the Rules orderly by roat as they lie in the Syntax but rather learn some easie Book containing good plain Latin and as there falls out any necessary Rule of Syntax to be known shew it and let him learn it as the Sentence giveth occasion thus th Grammar will be taught by the by And I could wish that the Forming Verbs were made more easie by lengthening all the Abbreviations which baffle a tender Understanding For Instance Amabam as at it were better to write it at length Amabam Amabas Amabat And let the Persons be also set down Ego Amabam Tu Amabas Ille Amabat for it disturbs the Child's Memory to be made add them of himself Second Year WHen he comes to make Latin the easiest Method I think is what Mr. Lewis sets down in his Vestibulum Technicum whereby the Child is eased of the difficulty of finding out proper Larin Words and hath nothing to do but to alter Tense and Case as the Sense requires and be careful that he never go upon a new Sentence 'till he be perfectly Master of what he did last Turning English into Latin will fix the Rules in his Head and help him sooner to speak Latin than turning Latin into English For many Persons can more easily Construe Latin than Speak it If between while you show him the use of Brinly's Posing the Accidence and Hooll's Accidence examined it will add to his knowledge of the Rules with Mr. Walker's Works of Grantham Third Year NOW he must be very frequent in Construing and Translating some easie Author wherein he may learn both Morals and Latin together Castalio's Dialogues and some of the most easie of Cicero's Epistles especially I except those which touch upon State Affairs because the Matter makes the Latin difficult Let him for variety be taught to Construe some easie Poet according to the Method for the Dauphin resolving the Verses into natural Order because Poetical Latin at first will be more difficult as being more Concise Some Speeches in Ovid's Matamorphosis being Construed and perfectly well understood will be worth his learning without-Book and repeated to exercise his Memory which must be exercised in something or other once every day The Nature and differing kinds of Verses are too difficult yet to be explained And Composition or Imitation I think may yet be let alone How much I preferr Translation before Composition in order to Institution I have shewn in the Apparatus ad Theologiam de Grammatica with a Method to learn the Latin Tongue Fourth Year IF the former Course be duly taken the Child's Judgment will begin to appear fit for some solid Instructions so that together with progress in the Latin Tongue a Foundation may be laid for more useful Knowledge than of bare Words and Sentences Justin I think the fittest Author to begin this Year with because he is less crabbed than the Style of Historians commonly is especially wherein much Matter is crowded into little compass but in reading of him regard must be had to the Chronology as well as History and the Youth directed to measure the time and distances of Men and Actions recorded in him by some such assistance as you have in the Apparatus ad Theologiam de Munere Historico for otherwise the Historical Narrations will be found loose uncertain and false Between whiles some Speech in Cicero famous for the Art and Rethorick sometimes a Speech in Livy to be so perfectly construed and understood that the Child may comprehend the Strength and Nerves of the Orator And because by this time Wit and Sharpness may deserve to be encouraged some of the most notorious chast Epigrams in Martial will very usefully exercise his Translating
would take the young Gentleman along with me round all the Circuits with the Judges The diversion of the Company and the security on the Road will ballance any Inconvenience I can foresee And by this means in few Weeks time you will view all Counties and Cities most eminent in the Nation III. The History and Geographical Description of the Country you travail to should be first studied How it Borders and how it is Divided by tracing the famous Rivers and Branches of them IV. Some Grammatical Instruction in the Language would prepare you more easily to learn to Speak it V. A Catalogue ought to be collected and always with you of such Curiosities Ancient and Modern in Provinces and Cities as are most observable and the old and new Names of Places compared by this you will readily know what to enquire for VI. As for Cloaths take only a Travailing Suit and dress your self a-la-mode when you arrive there Good Skill in the Prices of things is absolutely necessary for his Tutor VII Besides Bills of Return it will be convenient to have some Letters of Credit to Merchants in case your Bill should fail and some advise to take with you a Jewel or any precious thing which may easily be carried and concealed about your Cloathes VIII You must resolve upon a great inoffensiveness of Conversation Patience of disagreeable occurrences and avoidance of Earnestness in Dispute especially about Matters of Religions or Honour of Kingdoms IX You must not be too open as if every one you met were an English-man neither yet so reserv'd as to beget a suspicion of your Jealousie X. When you receive Money keep it private least it be borrowed one of the two ways XI When you remove from one Province to another keep the time of your departure secret laest other Foreigners or your own Country-men who sometimes prove the most impertinent of Acquaintance pin themselves upon you XII You must study your own Constitution and carefully observe how it relishes the great change of Air and Diet and remember to eat Fruit wisely XIII You must not expect that all you see others practise and do your self abroad must be equally practised here when you return For Example If you see a French Nobleman run a poor Peasant through for not taking notice of him a Mile off you must not do that here for fear of a Knock in the Poll with a Club or an Ax. If you see a Venetian Lady standing at a Window and looking as who should say you must not Complement her with a Billet Douce lest you receive a dry'd Peare for your Kindness If you see a Fopp ambling in the Street his Toes awayward as if the had fallen-out simpering as Formally and cringing as stiffly as the two Beaux do on the Sign of the Salutation and you practise that here you will be as much Laugh'd at in England when you come back as you were in France when first you went over to learn it If you see a poor Animal run a Mile for one Farthing to open a Gate for a Passenger and wear out his Wooden Shoes to the Bargain by scraping Thanks you must beware of expecting that here lest the same Fellow shut the Gate against you when you come that way again Because you care not Three-pence for any Man you meet in the Streets of Paris Rome Venice or Amsterdam you must not bring hither such a Selfishness as to despise Relations old Acquaintance Friends and Neighbours for if you do so they will all wish you gone again Above all things if you see others Atheistical and careless do you double your own private Devotions for Fear keep your Soul diligently and secure the Blessing of Him whom Wind and Sea obey XIV Now lastly you must make me one Promise That you will tell no more when you return than you saw And so I wish you a good Journey and if you can send me News of any Nation the King of France hath not made Fools of 't is odds but I and my Friend may follow 2. If his Temper rather inclines him to settle and spend his Talents in the Country how he may pay his Duty to God in being useful there I referr him to the Directions given in the Guardian 's Instruction pag. 13. in the Honourable Offices he may be called to and if he merit a Promotion into the Parliament-House he may sind some thoughts spent upon a young Gentleman's Carriage there Guardian 's Instruction pag. 85. See more on this Head in the Gentleman 's Calling 3. If the delight of the Study or gainfulness of the Practice make him fancy the Profession of Physick then good and more than ordinary skill in the Greek Tongue is necessary for understanding Terms of Art and Authors to be met withal As also considerable understanding both in old and new Natural Philosophy As for a Method of entring on the Study Advices being various he must consult with his Friends knowing in it I have heard a Person learned in the Science and skilful in the Practice recommend Chymistry first as most agreeable to the order of Knowledge For since we can have but little or no Notion of the Saliva ferment of the Stomach Chylisication and all other Ferments and Juices upon which the Oeconomy of all Human and Animal Bodies depends as likewise but an imperfect Knowledge of the Medicinal qualities of Simples without a previous and general insight into the nature of Salts and the various Effects their mixture with Liquors may produce It seems but resonable to give Chymistry the first place in a Study of this Nature Now though Anatomy hath not that Relation to Botany as Chymistry hath to both yet because the use of the latter as far as it makes a part of the Materia Medica depends wholly upon a nice acquaintance with the former it would look like a preposterous Method to consider that first 4. If the noble Study of the Civil-Law makes his Mouth water after good Latin Reason and History these following Books are thought adviseable by the Learned I. Duc de Authoritate Juris Civilis This shews of what Authority it is now in the several Nations of the World II. Ridley's View of the Civil-Law III. Justinian's Institutions to be read with an easie Comment the most easie is Mynsinger in Institut IV. Bronchurstius de Regulis Juris V. The first and last Books of the Digests The first and Three last Books of the Codex These H. Grotius doth particularly recommend to a Person of Quality and may best be read with the Assistance of Calvin's Lexicon and Wesenbeehii Paratitla VI. Vulteii Juris prudentia Romamana which gives a full view of the Roman Law under most exact Divisions Lastly should be read several useful Questions exactly stated viz. in VII Zouch Questiones Juris Civilis VIII Hotomanni Questiones Illustres 5. No Study can make a Gentleman more considerable and useful to his Country than good skill