easy_o determine_v for_o we_o meet_v with_o it_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o european_a language_n the_o latin_n write_v it_o litera_fw-la the_o french_a lettre_n the_o spaniard_n letra_n the_o italian_n letera_n the_o german_n sometime_o for_o buchstab_n be_v the_o more_o usual_a word_n with_o they_o write_v it_o as_o we_o do_v letter_n the_o latin_a critic_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o six_o upon_o a_o good_a etymology_n of_o it_o in_o that_o tongue_n one_o bring_v it_o a_o lituris_fw-la another_o from_o lino_n a_o three_o a_o lineando_n a_o four_o quia_fw-la legentibus_fw-la iter_fw-la praestat_fw-la and_o a_o five_o quod_fw-la legendo_fw-la iteretur_fw-la but_o these_o be_v all_o alike_o ridiculous_a and_o therefore_o it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v worth_a our_o search_n to_o inquire_v whether_o a_o apt_a primitive_a than_o any_o of_o these_o may_v not_o be_v find_v in_o the_o german_a language_n and_o consequent_o whether_o the_o latin_n borrow_v the_o word_n litera_fw-la among_o many_o other_o from_o the_o dutch_a schottelius_fw-la derive_v it_o from_o a_o old_a teutonic_n monosyllable_n let_n or_o litt_n still_o use_v in_o saxony_n and_o the_o netherlands_o though_o the_o high_a dutch_a instead_o thereof_o say_v glid_n signify_v a_o member_n or_o part_n which_o in_o the_o plural_a number_n make_v litter_n or_o letter_n this_o be_v as_o probable_a a_o conjecture_n as_o any_o latin_a writer_n can_v pretend_v to_o since_o letter_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o several_a part_n and_o member_n of_o a_o word_n and_o possible_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o word_n scribere_fw-la from_o the_o dutch_a schreiben_fw-ge or_o as_o it_o be_v write_v former_o scrieven_v the_o most_o usual_a word_n for_o a_o letter_n among_o the_o german_n be_v buchstab_v i._n e._n einer_n stab_n des_fw-fr buches_n or_o a_o staff_n make_v use_v of_o in_o a_o book_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o name_n be_v thus_o give_v by_o wormius_n the_o ancient_n say_v he_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v one_o long_o strait_a line_n in_o fashion_n of_o a_o staff_n as_o a_o foundation_n of_o whatever_o they_o be_v about_o to_o write_v and_o indeed_o the_o runic_a inscription_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o then_o a_o company_n of_o such_o staff_n cross_v and_o turn_v as_o occasion_v require_v the_o other_o member_n of_o this_o compound_a word_n buch_n whence_o our_o book_n have_v the_o like_a original_n with_o the_o latin_a word_n liber_n be_v so_o call_v from_o buche_n which_o signify_v a_o beech-tree_n because_o before_o the_o ancient_a use_n of_o paper_n the_o old_a cimbrian_o write_v on_o this_o kind_n of_o wood_n and_o stone_n as_o the_o roman_n do_v on_o the_o bark_n of_o tree_n lazius_n give_v we_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o a_o alphabet_n use_v by_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o sorcery_n and_o incantation_n before_o ever_o they_o come_v acquaint_v with_o the_o roman_n duret_fw-la think_v que_fw-fr l'_fw-fr alphabet_n des_fw-fr lettre_n des_fw-fr get_v a_o este_fw-la le_fw-fr premier_fw-fr alphabet_n des_fw-fr premieres_fw-fr &_o plus_fw-la anciennes_fw-la lettre_n i._n e._n that_o the_o gothic_a alphabet_n be_v the_o most_o ancient_a one_o in_o the_o world_n and_o a_o copy_n of_o the_o first_o letter_n that_o be_v ever_o invent_v where_o by_o gothic_a letter_n he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o alphabet_n invent_v by_o wulphilas_n bishop_n of_o the_o goth_n and_o by_o he_o employ_v in_o write_v his_o version_n of_o the_o four_o evangelist_n of_o which_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n publish_v by_o the_o late_a famous_a franciscus_n junius_n f._n f._n in_o the_o year_n 1665_o be_v a_o noble_a transcript_n but_o the_o old_a runic_a character_n which_o the_o bishop_n will_v not_o make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o pious_a work_n because_o they_o be_v use_v in_o sorcery_n and_o witchcraft_n upon_o the_o same_o consideration_n all_o other_o ancient_a alphabet_n use_v in_o the_o other_o province_n of_o germany_n be_v lay_v aside_o as_o soon_o as_o christianity_n appear_v in_o this_o country_n thus_o upon_o the_o first_o conversion_n of_o the_o saxon_n by_o charles_n the_o great_a the_o latin_a letter_n be_v introduce_v into_o those_o part_n and_o their_o old_a conjure_a character_n abolish_v mr._n sheringham_n think_v and_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o our_o old_a anglo-saxonic_a character_n be_v first_o make_v use_n of_o upon_o the_o like_a occasion_n for_o that_o before_o their_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n both_o they_o and_o the_o dane_n in_o britain_n use_v another_o sort_n of_o letter_n seem_v manifest_a from_o the_o several_a fragment_n of_o runic_a monument_n find_v at_o beaucastle_n papcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n but_o when_o those_o that_o have_v employ_v themselves_o in_o the_o conversion_n of_o these_o poor_a idolater_n see_v how_o these_o character_n have_v be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o incantation_n and_o idolatrous_a practice_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o they_o they_o be_v always_o ready_a to_o return_v to_o their_o sorcery_n they_o resolve_v to_o remove_v they_o and_o give_v other_o in_o their_o stead_n it_o be_v former_o a_o grand_a question_n among_o the_o ancient_a philosopher_n â—ords_n significancy_n of_o â—ords_n whether_o word_n have_v their_o signification_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o natural_a import_n of_o the_o word_n themselves_o or_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o first_o author_n of_o they_o plato_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o a_o reason_n can_v at_o first_o have_v be_v give_v for_o the_o name_n of_o every_o thing_n in_o the_o world_n because_o he_o that_o give_v every_o particular_a be_v its_o distinct_a name_n know_v its_o particular_a nature_n and_o be_v direct_v by_o divine_a providence_n in_o find_v out_o a_o name_n answerable_a to_o that_o nature_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o bibliander_n fancy_v adam_n be_v direct_v when_o he_o name_v every_o thing_n according_a to_o its_o nature_n many_o learned_a man_n have_v be_v curious_a in_o observe_v what_o a_o accurate_a analogy_n there_o be_v in_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n betwixt_o the_o voice_n of_o bird_n and_o beast_n and_o the_o word_n which_o in_o those_o language_n be_v make_v to_o signify_v such_o and_o such_o voice_n julius_n pollux_n bring_v these_o and_o many_o more_o example_n out_o of_o the_o greek_a tongue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n and_o jos_n scaliger_n have_v collect_v these_o among_o many_o other_o out_o of_o the_o latin_a boar_n mugire_fw-la rudere_fw-la latrare_fw-la barrire_n blaterare_fw-la tetrinnire_fw-la glocitare_fw-la fringulare_a trinsare_n etc._n etc._n but_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o tongue_n more_o exact_a at_o this_o sort_n of_o onomatopoeia_fw-la than_o the_o high_a dutch._n for_o example_n the_o german_n say_v the_o ox_n beelket_n the_o bear_n brummet_n the_o sheep_n bleeket_n the_o swine_n gruntzet_n the_o dog_n baffet_fw-ge the_o horse_n wihelet_n the_o cat_n mavet_fw-la the_o goose_n schnatteret_fw-la the_o hen_n kakkelt_v or_o klukket_n the_o raven_n kraket_n etc._n etc._n beside_o no_o language_n come_v near_o this_o in_o the_o aptness_n of_o express_v the_o sound_n and_o noise_n of_o inanimate_a creature_n by_o verb_n active_a which_o be_v also_o a_o excellence_n observe_v in_o our_o own_o tongue_n by_o the_o learned_a and_o famous_a dr._n wallis_n in_o his_o english_a grammar_n no_o great_a argument_n can_v be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o a_o language_n monosyllable_n monosyllable_n than_o the_o multitude_n of_o monosyllable_n which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v derive_v from_o any_o primitive_a further_o off_o nor_o hardly_o fancy_v to_o be_v a_o corruption_n of_o so_o many_o word_n in_o foreign_a language_n simon_n stevin_n a_o ingenious_a hollander_n have_v reckon_v up_o 2170_o monasyllable_n primitives_n and_o the_o number_n may_v have_v be_v advance_v far_o high_o in_o the_o dutch_a tongue_n whereas_o in_o the_o latin_a he_o can_v find_v no_o more_o than_o 163_o and_o only_o 265_o in_o the_o greek_a in_o our_o english_a tongue_n a_o whole_a speech_n may_v be_v compose_v of_o monosyllable_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o original_o dutch._n indeed_o in_o the_o high_a dutch_a dialect_n many_o of_o these_o ancient_a primitives_n be_v turn_v into_o dissyllable_n but_o if_o we_o look_v back_o unto_o the_o old_a way_n of_o write_v these_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o they_o consist_v only_o of_o one_o syllable_n thus_o vater_fw-mi muttel_n himmer_n leber_n etc._n etc._n be_v ancient_o write_v vaer_n moer_fw-mi himl_n lefr_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v in_o the_o german_a tongue_n twentythree_a principal_a termination_n derivatives_n derivatives_n which_o though_o they_o signify_v nothing_o in_o themselves_o yet_o when_o add_v to_o another_o word_n do_v very_o much_o alter_v its_o signification_n of_o which_o our_o english_a tongue_n have_v retain_v a_o great_a many_o as_o 1._o er_fw-mi in_o buyer_n seller_n waiter_n etc
that_o his_o russes_z shall_v be_v interpreter_n to_o other_o nation_n it_o be_v very_o rare_a if_o any_o of_o they_o understand_v greek_a though_o they_o have_v most_o affection_n unto_o and_o receive_v their_o religion_n from_o that_o church_n there_o be_v at_o slaboda_n a_o school_n set_v up_o for_o the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o now_o few_o or_o none_o understand_v but_o it_o be_v quick_o pull_v down_o again_o a_o printing-press_a also_o for_o their_o own_o book_n but_o if_o not_o forbid_v it_o be_v use_v only_o for_o their_o office_n and_o such_o book_n as_o the_o grand_a tzar_n command_v nor_o be_v there_o many_o though_o there_o want_v not_o man_n of_o part_n that_o desire_v any_o further_a knowledge_n then_o to_o read_v and_o write_v in_o their_o own_o tongue_n to_o understand_v their_o service_n and_o such_o homily_n of_o the_o father_n especial_o st._n chrysostom_n as_o be_v translate_v into_o the_o russ_n language_n now_o though_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v good_a policy_n yet_o be_v it_o indeed_o but_o force_v of_o nature_n for_o the_o converse_v with_o civil_a and_o more_o know_a people_n can_v but_o work_v in_o they_o a_o despise_n of_o their_o own_o manner_n and_o ignorance_n and_o a_o great_a desire_n of_o reform_v that_o inconvenience_n which_o how_o far_o it_o may_v be_v heighten_v i_o know_v not_o beside_o want_v learning_n they_o be_v very_o easy_o lead_v by_o a_o good_a tongue_n and_o fair_a pretence_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v see_v that_o notwithsstand_v their_o education_n in_o the_o veneration_n i_o have_v almost_o say_v adoration_n to_o their_o prince_n yet_o be_v they_o subject_a to_o follow_v any_o pretence_n if_o they_o think_v to_o amend_v their_o condition_n by_o it_o and_o the_o oppression_n of_o the_o moussack_n or_o common_a people_n and_o of_o their_o great_a man_n they_o to_o affect_v alteration_n how_o greedy_o do_v they_o embrace_v the_o wor_n impostor_n demetrius_n though_o their_o grand_a tzar_n boris_n godonove_n be_v a_o worthy_a and_o not_o cruel_a prince_n how_o easy_o do_v they_o deliver_v up_o to_o his_o enemy_n vasili_n zuiski_n a_o prudent_a and_o valiant_a but_o only_o as_o they_o conceive_v unfortunate_a emperor_n what_o a_o number_n of_o impudent_a cheat_n find_v follower_n nay_o i_o know_v not_o whether_o ever_o any_o pretender_n except_o crop_v in_o the_o bud_n that_o be_v not_o able_a to_o raise_v a_o army_n against_o the_o government_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o this_o present_a family_n who_o have_v behave_v themselves_o with_o great_a prudence_n courage_n and_o moderation_n be_v far_o from_o the_o tyranny_n of_o other_o yet_o do_v one_o timoska_n anchedina_n feign_v himself_o heir_n of_o the_o zuiskies_n and_o have_v he_o not_o be_v diligent_o pursue_v in_o his_o very_a beginning_n may_v have_v raise_v very_o great_a trouble_n as_o do_v stepan_n radzin_n who_o only_o pretend_a reformation_n and_o that_o insurrection_n against_o corrupt_a judge_n in_o 1636_o which_o be_v difficult_o quiet_v even_o by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n himself_o with_o his_o cap_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o tear_n run_v down_o his_o cheek_n both_o the_o story_n of_o timoska_n and_o of_o this_o sedition_n be_v at_o large_a set_v down_o by_o olearius_n the_o grand_a tzar_n labour_v to_o nourish_v in_o the_o people_n a_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o wisdom_n good_a government_n and_o care_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n so_o that_o they_o in_o common_a discourse_n attribute_v all_o their_o propriety_n all_o their_o happiness_n and_o prosperity_n to_o god_n and_o the_o grand_a duke_n and_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o they_o have_v this_o very_a opinion_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n than_o who_o a_o great_a tyrant_n be_v never_o represent_v in_o any_o story_n yet_o hear_v what_o a_o writer_n of_o our_o own_o say_v purch_n l._n 4._o c._n 9_o if_o i_o find_v not_o a_o universal_a conspiracy_n against_o he_o i_o shall_v speak_v in_o his_o defence_n i_o honour_v his_o good_a part_n his_o wit_n his_o learning_n perhaps_o more_o than_o any_o russ_n in_o his_o time_n his_o exemplary_a severity_n upon_o unjust_a magistrate_n his_o martial_a skill_n industry_n etc._n etc._n tea_n his_o memory_n be_v still_o savoury_a to_o the_o russes_z who_o hold_v he_o in_o little_a less_o reputation_n than_o a_o saint_n and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n also_o herberstein_n whether_o he_o be_v incite_v to_o those_o murder_n and_o cruelty_n by_o his_o own_o natural_a disposition_n or_o the_o malice_n and_o treachery_n of_o his_o subject_n as_o himself_o say_v i_o dare_v not_o determine_v especial_o since_o he_o have_v not_o any_o truculent_a aspect_n or_o sign_n of_o fierceness_n in_o his_o countenance_n and_o though_o these_o policy_n help_v very_o well_o yet_o be_v they_o not_o sufficient_a to_o conserve_v the_o power_n of_o the_o prince_n nor_o peace_n of_o the_o nation_n he_o know_v that_o he_o can_v trust_v to_o the_o affection_n or_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o common_a people_n who_o the_o more_o learned_a they_o be_v be_v the_o more_o intractable_a and_o dangerous_a but_o use_v other_o more_o effectual_a and_o certain_a mean_n of_o well_o govern_v as_o that_o he_o bestow_v all_o place_n of_o honour_n and_o gain_v even_o of_o the_o very_a diack_n or_o clerk_n immediate_o by_o himself_o whereby_o he_o be_v able_a to_o reward_v all_o that_o serve_v he_o and_o all_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v his_o bounty_n which_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o acceptable_a because_o it_o carry_v the_o testimony_n of_o his_o good_a opinion_n of_o the_o person_n and_o this_o breed_v a_o great_a dependence_n upon_o he_o and_o emulation_n among_o the_o nobility_n who_o incessant_o by_o their_o observance_n strive_v to_o out-merit_n one_o another_o for_o his_o favour_n but_o lest_o all_o these_o shall_v fail_v he_o have_v force_n to_o coerce_v they_o who_o will_v not_o be_v obedient_a either_o for_o duty_n sake_n or_o reward_n and_o beside_o the_o garrison_n which_o be_v disperse_v in_o the_o castle_n up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n wherein_o be_v great_a number_n of_o soldier_n he_o have_v the_o guard_n of_o his_o person_n which_o ordinary_o amount_v to_o 16000_o foot_n beside_o horse_n many_o of_o which_o also_o be_v foreigner_n who_o have_v no_o dependence_n upon_o any_o person_n but_o himself_o that_o he_o may_v engage_v more_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n he_o never_o continue_v a_o governor_n long_o than_o three_o year_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o hereditary_a nor_o do_v he_o frequent_o choose_v the_o same_o person_n again_o into_o the_o same_o employment_n but_o advance_v he_o according_a to_o his_o merit_n he_o dispose_v of_o all_o the_o land_n in_o his_o empire_n whereof_o some_o belong_v to_o respective_a government_n and_o employment_n the_o rest_n though_o he_o seldom_o take_v from_o the_o child_n of_o the_o last_o possessor_n especial_o of_o the_o common_a people_n except_o for_o crime_n the_o commons_o 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with_o it_o stow_n tell_v we_o the_o hollander_n first_o teach_v our_o nation_n this_o art_n be_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n by_o william_n caxton_n about_o the_o year_n 1471_o and_o add_v that_o the_o first_o print_v in_o this_o isle_n be_v in_o westminster-abbey_n but_o it_o appear_v the_o art_n be_v soon_o bring_v hither_o then_o he_o speak_v of_o for_o there_o be_v in_o the_o archive_v of_o our_o university_n of_o oxford_n a_o copy_n of_o st._n jerome_n exposition_n of_o the_o apostle_n creed_n give_v by_o mr._n moses_n pitt_n the_o publisher_n of_o this_o atlas_n print_v on_o paper_n which_o end_v thus_o explicit_fw-la exposicio_fw-la sancti_fw-la jeronimi_fw-la in_o simbolo_fw-it apostolorum_fw-la ad_fw-la papam_fw-la laurencium_fw-la impressa_fw-la oxonie_n et_fw-la finita_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la m._n cccc_fw-la lxviii_o xvii_o die_v decembris_fw-la mr._n wood_n in_o his_o learned_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o university_n at_o oxford_n tell_v we_o that_o robert_n turner_n master_n of_o the_o wardrobe_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o be_v the_o first_o that_o bring_v from_o harlem_n into_o
very_a church_n now_o almost_o nine_o hundred_o year_n old_a wherein_o his_o first_o sermon_n be_v deliver_v but_o the_o great_a ornament_n of_o this_o town_n be_v the_o academia_n julia_n or_o university_n found_v by_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o among_o other_o grand_a privilege_n grant_v to_o this_o university_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o it_o be_v order_v that_o its_o rector_n shall_v for_o ever_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o count_n palatine_n whereupon_o henry_n julius_n duke_n julius_n elder_a son_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o his_o father_n make_v the_o first_o rector_n and_o before_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n found_v the_o fair_a college_n which_o be_v still_o call_v juleum_fw-la novum_fw-la these_o two_o duke_n procure_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o professor_n and_o student_n in_o this_o university_n a_o considerable_a library_n of_o book_n which_o since_o have_v be_v well_o augment_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o wolfenbuttel_n among_o some_o hundred_o of_o hebrew_n greek_a latin_a and_o dutch_a manuscript_n of_o little_a value_n they_o have_v two_o old_a volume_n contain_v the_o pentateuch_n in_o hebrew_a write_v on_o vellum_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o legible_a character_n for_o these_o two_o book_n they_o tell_v we_o several_a jewish_a rabbi_n who_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o ordinary_a skill_n in_o discern_v the_o true_a antiquity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o monument_n in_o their_o own_o language_n have_v offer_v some_o hundred_o of_o rixdollar_n after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n frideric_n vlric_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o ancient_a house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n divide_v the_o rectory_n of_o this_o university_n among_o they_o agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o duke_n regent_n shall_v in_o his_o course_n supply_v that_o office_n for_o one_o year_n and_o no_o more_o and_o in_o state_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v there_o be_v not_o any_o university_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o have_v breed_v up_o more_o eminent_a and_o learned_a man_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o century_n than_o helmstadt_n witness_v joh._n caselius_n jac._n horstius_n val._n forsterius_n reinerus_n reineccius_n hen._n meibomius_n joh._n stukius_n jac._n lampadius_n conr._n hornejus_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o late_a year_n the_o ingenious_a calixti_fw-la and_o incomparable_a conringius_n iv_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hannover_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o calenberg_n whence_o the_o duke_n palace_n be_v remove_v hither_o by_o george_n duke_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a frideric_n vlric_n the_o town_n be_v ancient_o call_v lawenroda_n from_o the_o neighbour_a castle_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o count_n of_o that_o name_n about_o henry_n the_o lion_n time_n it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o hanover_n from_o a_o ferry_n at_o this_o place_n over_o the_o river_n leina_fw-la as_o some_o imagine_v han_n over_o in_o the_o old_a dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o the_o more_o modern_a high-dutch_a haben_fw-ge uber_fw-la i.e._n to_o have_v or_o carry_v over_o there_o be_v yearly_o keep_v in_o this_o town_n four_o fair_n during_o which_o there_o be_v always_o a_o vast_a concourse_n of_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o german_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o contribute_v exceed_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o citizen_n but_o however_o a_o more_o considerable_a share_n of_o their_o wealth_n arise_v from_o their_o breuhane_n a_o sweet_a and_o muddy_a sort_n of_o beer_n which_o be_v hence_o export_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n v._o hamelen_n hamelen_n hamelen_n a_o ancient_a city_n on_o the_o outmost_a confine_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n hamel_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o weser_n this_o place_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o key_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n and_o be_v therefore_o better_o fortify_v and_o garrison_v then_o almost_o any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunsic_n dominion_n the_o record_n of_o this_o city_n relate_v a_o notable_a accident_n which_o happen_v among_o the_o burgher_n on_o the_o 26_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1284._o the_o story_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o citizen_n be_v strange_o infest_a with_o rat_n and_o have_v try_v all_o imaginable_a expedient_n but_o in_o vain_a to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o troublesome_a guest_n at_o last_o meet_v with_o a_o stranger_n who_o undertake_v for_o a_o certain_a reward_n to_o do_v the_o feat_n the_o burgher_n agree_v to_o his_o proposal_n and_o the_o strange_a gentleman_n immediate_o with_o his_o tabret_n and_o pipe_n draw_v after_o he_o all_o the_o rat_n in_o the_o town_n like_o so_o many_o maurice-dancer_n to_o the_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v they_o return_v for_o his_o reward_n it_o be_v deny_v he_o as_o be_v judge_v to_o great_a a_o recompense_n for_o so_o small_a a_o performance_n however_o less_o he_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o take_v but_o leave_v the_o town_n in_o a_o rage_n threaten_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v according_o about_o a_o year_n after_o he_o come_v again_o and_o play_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tune_n but_o with_o another_o train_n after_o he_o for_o now_o he_o go_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o child_n who_o follow_v he_o in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a cave_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n call_v by_o the_o burgher_n koppel-berg_a and_o be_v never_o after_o hear_v of_o in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n the_o citizen_n be_v wont_v for_o many_o year_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a deed_n and_o other_o record_n in_o that_o city_n to_o date_n all_o their_o indenture_n and_o contract_n such_o a_o year_n von_fw-mi unser_fw-mi kind_a aussgang_v i.e._n since_o the_o departure_n of_o our_o child_n the_o street_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v bungloese_n strass_n or_o tabret-street_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n near_o the_o cave_n mouth_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v a_o mounment_n of_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n post_fw-la duo_fw-la cc_o mille_fw-la post_fw-la octoginta_fw-la quaterque_fw-la annus_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la ille_fw-la quo_fw-la languet_fw-la annus_fw-la uterque_fw-la orbantur_fw-la pueros_fw-la centum_fw-la etque_fw-la triginta_fw-la johannis_n et_fw-la pauli_n caros_fw-la hamelenses_n non_fw-la sine_fw-la damnis_fw-la fatur_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la eos_fw-la vivos_fw-la calvaria_fw-la sorpsit_fw-la christ_n tuere_fw-la reos_fw-la ne_fw-la tam_fw-la mala_fw-la res_fw-la quibus_fw-la obsit_fw-la which_o sorry_a piece_n of_o dogg'rel_n be_v there_o translate_v into_o two_o distich_n in_o the_o nether_a saxon_a dialect_n much_o of_o the_o same_o strain_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n grubenhagen_n name_n name_n in_o the_o dutch_a language_n signify_v proper_o a_o grove_n or_o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o grube_n though_o afterward_o that_o word_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o castle_n build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o say_a family_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a principality_n thus_o the_o hague_n in_o holland_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a s'gravenhaghe_n which_o be_v ordinary_o render_v in_o latin_a by_o haga_n comitis_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n where_o it_o seem_v the_o earl_n of_o that_o province_n be_v ancient_o use_v to_o hunt_v and_o indeed_o this_o whole_a principality_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o large_a forest_n wood._n hercynian_n wood._n most_o of_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hartz_n or_o sylva_n hercynia_n mention_v by_o roman_a writer_n julius_n cesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n say_v that_o this_o wood_n be_v at_o least_o nine_o day_n journey_n in_o breadth_n and_o of_o a_o unaccountable_a length_n several_a man_n he_o tell_v we_o have_v travel_v forty_o day_n together_o straight_o forward_a in_o it_o but_o that_o no_o man_n dare_v ever_o yet_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v see_v both_o end_n of_o it_o the_o german_a word_n hartz_n out_o of_o which_o without_o all_o question_n the_o latin_n form_v their_o hercynia_n signify_v proper_o rosin_n or_o pitch_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o the_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n the_o only_a timber_n wherewith_o this_o forest_n abound_v since_o the_o empire_n begin_v to_o be_v cultivate_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n understand_v the_o advantage_n of_o unite_n themselves_o into_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o hercynian_a wood_n have_v in_o many_o place_n be_v convert_v into_o great_a town_n and_o large_a cornfield_n but_o yet_o pass_v over_o these_o it_o be_v still_o easy_a to_o tract_n it_o
the_o follow_a order_n 2._o frideric_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o first_o 3._o ernest_n frideric_n the_o second_o be_v son_n 4._o frideric_n iii_o ernest_n son_n 5._o john_n frideric_n the_o three_o brother_n 6._o john-frideric_a the_o son_n of_o john_n a_o great_a promoter_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n 7._o maurice_n cousin-german_a to_o his_o predecessor_n john_n who_o drive_v charles_n the_o five_o out_o of_o germany_n and_o be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n of_o siffridhuse_v against_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o augustus_n maurice_n brother_n 9_o christian_n augustus_n son_n 10._o christian_n ii_o son_n of_o christian_a the_o first_o 11._o john_n george_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v son_n who_o first_o side_v with_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n against_o the_o elector_n palatine_n and_o afterward_o with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n against_o the_o emperor_n 12._o john_n george_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o he_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o time_n in_o ease_n and_o quiet_a and_o die_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o in_o a_o good_a old_a age_n leave_v the_o electorate_v to_o his_o son_n 13._o john_n george_n iii_o this_o elector_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o low_a stature_n but_o great_a spirit_n something_a fat_a and_o corpulent_a but_o withal_o active_a and_o brisk_a he_o be_v bear_v the_o 20_o day_n of_o june_n a._n d._n 1647_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o marry_v ann_n sophia_n princess_n of_o denmark_n and_o sister_n to_o the_o present_a king_n christian_n by_o she_o he_o have_v several_a child_n the_o elder_a of_o who_o john_n george_n be_v the_o electoral_a prince_n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o elector_n be_v think_v to_o be_v as_o great_a at_o least_o as_o any_o other_o prince_n in_o germany_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n reveâ—â—â—â—_n except_v only_o the_o imperial_a family_n although_o the_o circuit_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o number_n of_o his_o subject_n fall_v far_o short_a of_o what_o his_o neighbour_n the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v master_n of_o they_o that_o reckon_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n to_o amount_v to_o 400000_o pound_n sterling_a speak_v modest_o enough_o and_o he_o that_o shall_v careful_o compute_v all_o the_o income_n of_o his_o treasury_n from_o the_o imposition_n upon_o beer_n and_o all_o other_o commidity_n from_o tax_n mine_n etc._n etc._n will_v i_o presume_v find_v it_o rise_v to_o a_o much_o large_a sum_n the_o profit_n which_o arise_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o silver_n mine_n at_o freyberg_n and_o some_o other_o place_n in_o his_o territory_n have_v be_v long_o since_o compute_v to_o amount_v yearly_a to_o 130000_o pound_n and_o certain_o the_o daily_a increase_n of_o labourer_n will_v rather_o augment_v that_o sum_n the_o excise_n or_o impost_n upon_o beer_n in_o leipsick_a only_a a_o city_n consist_v of_o no_o more_o than_o two_o parish_n be_v usual_o farm_a at_o the_o rate_n of_o 20000_o pound_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la beside_o this_o and_o the_o like_a custom_n he_o have_v ten_o of_o all_o the_o corn_n fruit_n wine_n etc._n etc._n in_o his_o country_n add_v to_o these_o the_o great_a stand_a tax_n lay_v upon_o his_o subject_n towards_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n grant_v at_o first_o in_o time_n of_o danger_n and_o hostility_n but_o gather_v since_o in_o day_n of_o peace_n at_o least_o as_o to_o that_o enemy_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o receive_v he_o whensoever_o he_o shall_v attack_v this_o country_n answerable_a to_o these_o vast_a revenue_n be_v the_o pomp_n and_o splendour_n of_o his_o court_n his_o attendants_z be_v usual_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o train_n of_o any_o of_o his_o neighbour-prince_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o the_o elector_n christian_n the_o second_o be_v court_n at_o the_o same_o time_n three_o duke_n as_o many_o earl_n and_o five_o baron_n of_o foreign_a nation_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o own_o country_n be_v pensioner_n to_o that_o prince_n nor_o have_v the_o two_o late_a elector_n abate_v much_o of_o this_o state_n and_o grandeur_n witness_v the_o funeral_n of_o john_n george_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1657_o at_o which_o be_v twentyfour_o horse_n of_o state_n cover_v with_o black_a and_o the_o electoral_a eschutcheon_n wrought_v thereon_o each_o of_o they_o be_v lead_v by_o two_o gentleman_n after_o which_o follow_v three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o person_n in_o mourning_n the_o court_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v always_o more_o brand_v with_o excessive_a intemperance_n in_o drink_v then_o any_o other_o prince_n palace_n in_o germany_n nor_o have_v the_o elector_n themselves_o be_v able_a to_o shun_v the_o imputation_n a_o red_a nose_n be_v as_o be_v report_v by_o some_o of_o their_o own_o historian_n the_o inseparable_a badge_n of_o that_o family_n ii_o leipzig_n leipzig_n leipzig_n this_o city_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o vandal_n who_o be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 700_o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o slavonian_a or_o wendish_n word_n lipzk_n which_o signify_v a_o lindentree_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o timber_n which_o former_o grow_v in_o this_o place_n whence_o in_o latin_a author_n we_o sometime_o meet_v with_o phylurea_n instead_o of_o lipsia_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tilia_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o concourse_n of_o three_o small_a river_n the_o elster_n pleissa_n and_o parda_fw-it in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n and_o pleasure_n as_o large_a and_o rich_a meadow_n which_o be_v mow_v twice_o constant_o sometime_o thrice_o a_o year_n pleasant_a wood_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o fine_a orchard_n plentiful_o stock_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o orchard_n or_o garden_n but_o the_o whole_a plot_n of_o ground_n be_v cover_v with_o stately_a fabric_n pleissenburg_n or_o the_o castle_n seat_v on_o the_o pleissa_n which_o defend_v the_o town_n be_v a_o strong_a fort_n and_o strict_o guard_v and_o st._n nicolas_n church_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o fair_a on_o the_o inside_n of_o any_o lutheran_n church_n in_o germany_n the_o citizen_n have_v general_o well-built_a house_n many_o whereof_o especial_o near_o the_o marketplace_n be_v seven_o some_o nine_o story_n high_a near_o this_o place_n be_v the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n insomuch_o that_o this_o town_n be_v five_o several_a time_n besiege_v and_o take_v in_o the_o space_n of_o two_o year_n at_o the_o last_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o imperialist_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n 1633._o but_o restore_v upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o elector_n of_o saxony_n sign_v at_o prague_n a._n d._n 1635._o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o beside_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n which_o be_v think_v to_o flourish_v here_o in_o a_o more_o refine_a strain_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o misnia_n and_o consequent_o of_o germany_n the_o three_o thing_n follow_v 1._o the_o great_a traffic_n and_o concourse_n of_o merchant_n from_o all_o place_n of_o note_n in_o europe_n especial_o dure_v the_o three_o fair_n which_o be_v here_o keep_v yearly_o at_o christmas_n easter_n and_o michaelmas_n 2._o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n before_o which_o the_o elector_n himself_o be_v bind_v to_o appear_v upon_o summons_n the_o manner_n of_o procede_v in_o this_o court_n be_v at_o large_a deliver_v by_o zobelius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v differentiae_fw-la juris_fw-la saxonici_fw-la &_o civilis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o author_n of_o the_o chronicon_fw-la lipsiense_n write_v not_o many_o year_n since_o in_o high_o dutch._n 3._o the_o university_n which_o be_v found_v here_o a._n d._n 1408_o upon_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o hussites_n and_o papist_n at_o prague_n whereby_o the_o former_a be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o town_n and_o to_o settle_v themselves_o at_o leipsig_n to_o which_o city_n two_o thousand_o of_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v flock_v in_o one_o day_n there_o be_v in_o it_o at_o this_o day_n four_o college_n and_o twenty_o four_o public_a professor_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a professor_n of_o divinity_n be_v dr._n john_n adam_n schertzer_n a_o person_n of_o wonderful_a humanity_n and_o as_o great_a learning_n the_o several_a book_n he_o have_v publish_v especial_o his_o collegium_fw-la anti-socinianum_a wherein_o he_o have_v brave_o confute_v those_o knotty_a argument_n of_o the_o cracovian_a party_n which_o few_o of_o his_o countryman_n before_o he_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v to_o the_o world_n the_o quickness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o foundness_n of_o his_o judgement_n his_o
scholar_n j._n carpzovius_fw-la son_n to_o the_o famous_a lawyer_n of_o that_o name_n who_o be_v former_o professor_n in_o this_o university_n have_v get_v himself_o great_a credit_n by_o his_o skill_n in_o the_o eastern_a language_n and_o his_o apprehensive_a quickness_n in_o unfolding_a the_o mystery_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o modern_a jewish_a rabbi_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o accomplishment_n he_o have_v as_o himself_o confess_v from_o the_o good_a instruction_n of_o his_o master_n schertzer_n beside_o these_o old_a mr._n thomasius_n schoolmaster_n near_o st._n nicholas_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o man_n singular_o well_o skilled_a in_o all_o manner_n of_o philological_a writing_n among_o the_o old_a manuscript_n in_o their_o library_n which_o amount_v to_o some_o thousand_o but_o be_v only_o the_o despicable_a plunder_v of_o a_o few_o demolish_a monasery_n the_o only_a rarity_n be_v tzetzes_n greek_a commentary_n upon_o homer_n iliad_n a_o book_n perhaps_o hardly_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o elsewhere_o and_o write_v in_o a_o fair_a and_o legible_a character_n iii_o freyberg_n freyberg_n freyberg_n a_o famous_a and_o pleasant_a mine-town_n not_o far_o from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n mulda_n the_o citizen_n have_v so_o grand_a a_o conceit_n of_o the_o delicacy_n of_o this_o town_n be_v situation_n that_o this_o be_v a_o ordinary_a proverb_n among_o they_o be_v i_o lord_n of_o leipsic_n i_o will_v spend_v my_o income_n at_o freyberg_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o rich_a hill_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v fribergam_fw-la indigenae_fw-la claro_fw-la de_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicunt_fw-la libera_n de_fw-fr fossis_fw-la quasi_fw-la ferres_fw-la munera_fw-la terris_fw-la in_o st._n peter_n church_n at_o freyberg_n be_v the_o usual_a bury_a place_n of_o the_o elector_n many_o whereof_o lie_v here_o entomb_v in_o fair_a monument_n especial_o elector_n maurice_n who_o monument_n of_o black_a marble_n be_v raise_v three_o pile_n high_a and_o adorn_v with_o many_o rich_a statue_n in_o alabaster_n and_o white_a marble_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o noble_a and_o perhaps_o may_v pass_v for_o the_o very_o best_a of_o its_o kind_n in_o germany_n when_o this_o city_n be_v surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o friedland_n soldier_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n pay_v 80000_o ricxdollar_n to_o save_v these_o sepulcher_n of_o his_o father_n from_o be_v ransack_v and_o deface_v and_o this_o large_a sum_n be_v the_o more_o willing_o give_v because_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n to_o bury_v the_o german_a prince_n in_o their_o robe_n and_o ensign_n of_o honour_n ring_n jewel_n etc._n etc._n which_o will_v have_v be_v rich_a plunder_v for_o the_o soldier_n if_o not_o compound_v for_o the_o mine_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v find_v out_o accidental_o in_o the_o year_n 1180_o mine_n mine_n by_o a_o fellow_n carry_v salt_n who_o in_o a_o cart-road_n first_o discover_v a_o piece_n of_o ore_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v as_o rich_a in_o silver_n as_o the_o best_a in_o germany_n since_o that_o time_n the_o multitude_n of_o miner_n who_o have_v swarm_v hither_o have_v make_v so_o great_a progress_n in_o their_o work_n as_o to_o undermine_v the_o whole_a town_n which_o stand_v at_o least_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o upon_o vault_n and_o cavern_n beside_o these_o mine_n within_o the_o wall_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o more_o within_o a_o mile_n or_o two_o of_o the_o city_n the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o high_a hill_n auff_n dem_fw-ge hohem_fw-mi berg_fw-mi which_o be_v above_o seventy_o seven_o of_o their_o fathom_n in_o depth_n now_o each_o of_o these_o fathom_n contain_v twelve_o of_o their_o ell_n three_o of_o which_o make_v a_o english_a fathom_n so_o that_o this_o mine_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n the_o deep_a in_o europe_n the_o miner_n have_v a_o peculiar_a habit_n of_o their_o own_o which_o can_v so_o well_o be_v describe_v as_o represent_v in_o a_o figure_n to_o the_o eye_n they_o dig_v several_a sort_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n out_o of_o these_o mine_n mineral_n metal_n and_o mineral_n though_o the_o only_a thing_n they_o labour_v for_o be_v silver_n one_o of_o the_o overseer_n of_o these_o mine_n give_v i_o thirty-two_a several_a kind_n of_o ore_n all_o of_o which_o will_v yield_v some_o silver_n but_o in_o a_o proportion_n different_a from_o the_o rest_n the_o most_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o ore_n contain_v either_o silver_n and_o copper_n silver_n and_o lead_n or_o all_o three_o but_o the_o lead_n and_o copper_n be_v not_o much_o regard_v they_o have_v here_o great_a quantity_n of_o sulphur_n or_o brimstone_n over_o which_o be_v hard_a and_o stony_a and_o usual_o speckle_v which_o the_o miner_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o rich_a ore_n with_o red_a spot_n some_o of_o this_o ore_n contain_v silver_n some_o copper_n and_o some_o both_o but_o in_o a_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a proportion_n a_o hundred_o weight_n of_o ore_n yield_v common_o three_o pound_n and_o a_o half_a of_o sulphur_n which_o run_v out_o of_o a_o furnace_n make_v for_o that_o purpose_n into_o water_n and_o be_v afterward_o melt_v over_o again_o and_o purify_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o ore_n out_o of_o which_o the_o silver_n be_v already_o melt_v serve_v for_o two_o use_n first_o to_o melt_v down_o silver_n which_o when_o too_o hard_o it_o make_v fluid_a but_o the_o more_o consideral_a use_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o make_n of_o vitriol_n or_o copperas_n after_o this_o manner_n they_o burn_v the_o brimstone-ore_n again_o and_o then_o put_v it_o into_o a_o large_a fat_a pour_v water_n thereon_o which_o have_v stand_v a_o competent_a while_n be_v boil_v to_o a_o considerable_a height_n and_o then_o let_v out_o into_o cooler_n in_o these_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o stick_v set_v up_o as_o in_o the_o make_n of_o sugar_n candy_n to_o which_o the_o pure_a vitriol_n cleave_v as_o the_o worse_a sort_n do_v to_o the_o side_n and_o bottom_n of_o the_o vessel_n they_o have_v several_a way_n of_o discover_v mine_n divina_fw-la virgula_fw-la divina_fw-la the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v with_o the_o virgula_fw-la divina_fw-la the_o use_n whereof_o some_o of_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o conjuration_n rather_o than_o a_o experiment_n draw_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n it_o be_v a_o fork_a piece_n of_o hazel_n the_o two_o horn_n of_o which_o the_o discoverer_n hold_v in_o his_o hand_n with_o the_o fork_n upright_o in_o this_o posture_n he_o traverse_n the_o ground_n mutter_v a_o set_a form_n of_o unintelligible_a word_n to_o himself_o when_o the_o fork_a stick_n move_v by_o a_o occult_a impulse_n turn_v in_o his_o hand_n and_o point_n to_o the_o ground_n it_o be_v take_v for_o a_o infallible_a argument_n of_o some_o rich_a vein_n of_o silver_n in_o the_o place_n it_o point_v at_o upon_o this_o sign_n give_v they_o immediate_o fall_v a_o dig_v and_o seldom_o miss_v of_o the_o expect_a success_n sometime_o they_o meet_v with_o damp_n in_o the_o deep_a mine_n which_o be_v always_o dangerous_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o often_o prove_v mortal_a to_o the_o labourer_n but_o the_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o which_o constant_o attend_v their_o labour_n be_v the_o dust_n which_o grate_v upon_o and_o fret_v their_o skin_n lung_n and_o stomach_n and_o too_o often_o shorten_v their_o day_n by_o bring_v they_o into_o irrecoverable_a consumption_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o these_o two_o evil_n they_o sometime_o use_v large_a vizard_n with_o glass-eye_n under_o which_o they_o have_v room_n enough_o to_o breath_n for_o some_o considerable_a while_n at_o freyberg_n there_o be_v a_o yearly_a coinage_n of_o ricxdollar_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o other_o money_n which_o be_v most_o common_o true_a sterling_a and_o look_v upon_o general_o as_o the_o best_a cash_n in_o germany_n for_o whereas_o the_o emperor_n coin_n be_v usual_o a_o base_a and_o mix_v mertal_a the_o elector_n be_v pure_a and_o true_a silver_n currant_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n iv_o meisen_n once_o the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o marquisate_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o at_o this_o time_n so_o inconsiderable_a as_o that_o it_o hardly_o merit_v the_o four_o place_n in_o this_o catalogue_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n meisse_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v before_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o great_a wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o elb_n near_o this_o place_n which_o dresser_n be_v please_v to_o call_v the_o brave_a sight_n of_o its_o kind_n in_o germany_n and_o bertius_n venture_v to_o name_v it_o the_o wonder_n of_o europe_n but_o some_o of_o the_o unruly_a soldier_n robe_v the_o town_n of_o this_o piece_n of_o credit_n and_o it_o have_v now_o nothing_o to_o brag_v of_o
but_o the_o elector_n palace_n which_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o entertain_v a_o prince_n if_o it_o stand_v at_o dresden_n or_o any_o such_o pleasant_a part_n of_o misnia_n v._o merseburg_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o now_o usual_o assign_v as_o a_o portion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o elector_n young_a brother_n be_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n enjoy_v by_o duke_n christian_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o saxony_n some_o antiquary_n affirm_v that_o in_o this_o place_n stand_v former_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n have_v already_o have_v a_o account_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o mars_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o thence_o conclude_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o be_v marsburg_n or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o god_n mars_n the_o town_n at_o present_a consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o ruinous_a house_n among_o which_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o cathedral_n near_o this_o church_n they_o have_v a_o library_n wherein_o be_v a_o great_a company_n of_o venerable_a manuscript_n but_o very_o ill_o keep_v among_o which_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o book_n of_o sammuel_n and_o the_o king_n in_o latin_a write_v in_o a_o fair_a and_o ancient_a anglo-saxonic_a character_n torgau_n false_o place_v by_o mercator_n in_o the_o upper_a saxony_n ilenburg_n naumburg_n with_o some_o other_o be_v town_n of_o some_o note_n and_o traffic_v but_o not_o by_o much_o so_o considerable_a as_o those_o already_o describe_v lusatia_n superior_n auth._n bartholomeo_n sculteto_n gorlitio_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n munitum_fw-la oppidum_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la officina_fw-la ferri_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o lusatia_n lusatia_n or_o laussnitz_n as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o misnia_n and_o saxony_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a silesia_n not_o many_o year_n since_o this_o province_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o be_v usual_o describe_v as_o such_o by_o most_o geographer_n but_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o lusatian_o have_v join_v themselves_o in_o a_o open_a rebellion_n with_o other_o confederate_a traitor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o emperor_n issue_v out_o his_o commission_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n to_o quell_v these_o revolter_n and_o reduce_v they_o if_o possible_a to_o their_o ancient_a obedience_n this_o he_o do_v effectual_o and_o for_o his_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o proceed_v in_o these_o good_a service_n have_v the_o whole_a province_n pawn_v to_o he_o till_o further_a satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v at_o last_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o emperor_n settle_v this_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o elector_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o state_n except_v only_o some_o few_o place_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n this_o great_a marquisate_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a laussnitz_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v sometime_o by_o geographer_n name_v hexapolis_n because_o it_o have_v in_o it_o six_o city_n lobau_n budissin_n camentz_n gorlitz_n lauben_n and_o zittau_n all_o confederate_a in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n the_o city_n subject_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxovy_n be_v lubben_n on_o the_o spree_n guben_n lucken_n and_o calow_n the_o rest_n as_o cotbus_n peytze_n sommerfeld_n with_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n we_o can_v much_o commend_v this_o country_n for_o its_o fruitfulness_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a sandy_a and_o barren_a soil_n and_o the_o rest_n make_v up_o of_o fen_n and_o bog_n however_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o hard_a shift_n to_o grow_v so_o much_o corn_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o relief_n though_o they_o never_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o export_v any_o of_o it_o into_o foreign_a country_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wood._n venison_n nor_o fish_n nay_o they_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o these_o commodity_n as_o be_v sufficient_a have_v they_o the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_v with_o other_o nation_n to_o enrich_v the_o country_n and_o bring_v in_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o other_o place_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o spree_n and_o neiâ—â—e_n rivers_n rivers_n both_o of_o they_o exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o eelster_n too_o spring_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o be_v a_o rivulet_n of_o no_o consequence_n till_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n it_o appear_v inhabitant_n inhabitant_n from_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o abundance_n of_o wendish_n word_n with_o the_o high_a dutch_a speak_v in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o lusatia_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o slouâ—nian_a nation_n hence_o in_o the_o village_n and_o most_o barbarous_a place_n of_o the_o marquisate_n especial_o in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o unintelligible_a gibberish_n though_o the_o citizen_n every_o where_o speak_v good_a dutch._n some_o of_o these_o people_n geographer_n say_v have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o ilingi_n elysii_n or_o lygii_n other_o from_o the_o semnâ—nes_n a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o scrabi_fw-la and_o a_o four_o from_o the_o lusici_n or_o lutitii_n but_o from_o what_o nation_n or_o kindred_n the_o polander_n name_v this_o marquisate_n ditivonia_n as_o cromer_n newgebawer_n and_o other_o tell_v not_o yet_o learn_v the_o modern_a lusatian_o be_v think_v to_o be_v man_n of_o as_o apprehensive_a and_o quick_a natural_a part_n as_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o exceed_o addict_v to_o covetousness_n and_o penury_n their_o country_n breed_v neither_o horse_n nor_o horseman_n but_o if_o we_o believe_v joh._n boter_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o the_o military_a power_n of_o all_o the_o great_a prince_n and_o potentate_n of_o the_o world_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o raise_v twenty-thousand_a hardy_a foot_n soldier_n who_o will_v endure_v a_o shock_n better_o than_o twice_o that_o number_n of_o delicate_a and_o well-bred_a western_a warrior_n they_o be_v in_o all_o case_n civil_a and_o criminal_a strict_a observer_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n to_o the_o harsh_a tenure_n of_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o better_a obedience_n than_o ever_o they_o be_v know_v to_o do_v former_o to_o any_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o lusatia_n bautzen_n bautzen_n bautzen_n or_o budissina_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o river_n spree_n and_o first_o build_v by_o a_o bohemian_a duke_n of_o this_o name_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o in_o the_o year_n 1634_o this_o city_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v by_o the_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n force_n that_o the_o emperor_n soldier_n who_o keep_v the_o town_n be_v force_v to_o fire_v the_o suburb_n for_o fear_v of_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n this_o fire_n be_v unhappy_o drive_v over_o by_o a_o strong_a wind_n into_o the_o city_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n lay_v it_o in_o ash_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n have_v nothing_o stand_v but_o the_o wall_n and_o castle_n it_o be_v soon_o after_o surrender_v by_o the_o imperialist_n but_o not_o long_o after_o even_o the_o small_a remainder_n of_o this_o large_a town_n be_v demolish_v by_o some_o of_o the_o swedish_n general_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n but_o be_v still_o something_o inferior_a to_o ii_o gorlitz_n gorlitz_n gorlitz_n which_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n neisse_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1139._o other_o say_v it_o be_v found_v by_o duke_n sobieslaus_fw-la about_o the_o year_n 1131._o however_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o be_v burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o gorlitz_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o brandstat_fw-mi in_o the_o high_a dutch_a a_o name_n give_v it_o by_o most_o germane_a signify_v a_o burn_a city_n for_o gorlitz_n be_v a_o corruption_n of_o tzschorlitz_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n and_o that_o of_o ischorelik_a there_o be_v at_o present_a several_a neat_a church_n in_o the_o town_n