aforesaid The Diet. As concerning the Diet in this case take this for a brief Directory Let all the Meats and Drinks be such as render the lower belly loose and slippery or as we use to express it in one only word Soluble and in the next place let them be such as are easily concocted but withal such as afford but little nourishment Let their Wine be thin and wel diluted i. e. made smal with Water Much fasting and a more than ordinary frequent abstinence from food and in a word a continual spare diet exceedingly furthereth the diminution of Corpulency Let them likewise accustom themselves to much and often exercise of the body by al means carefully avoiding a sedentary life And Galen tels us in his 14. Book of the Method of Curing and Chap. 15. where he professedly treats of the Cure of extream fatness and Corpulency that he on a time perfectly cured a man aged about fourty yeers who was exceeding fat and gross even to the admiration of al that beheld him and this he did partly by an Antidote compounded and prepared of Sal-theriack against the affects and diseases of the Joynts and partly likewise by the administring of the right Theriaca or Treacle made of Vipers as also by an extenuating Diet after it and for his exercise swift running was enjoyned him He saith moreover that he fitted and prepared this person for this exercise of running by a gentle and easie chafing and rubbing of him with hard and rough rubbing-cloaths made of new linnen cloth until the skin became red and then immediately upon the rubbing he anointed him with an Oyl that had in it some digestive Medicament and this Oyl the party was also to use as abovesaid after his running and more than usual exercise Chap. 5. Of an Inflammation BUt now that we may come to treat of Tumors properly so called arising from the blood those Tumors are indeed wondrous frequent and they appear very commonly in regard that they proceed not only of and from themselves but they likewise happen and follow upon divers other affects as Wounds Fractures disjoyntings and the like And this Tumor from the Blood is by the Grecians named Phlegmone by the Latines an Inflammation But now the word Phlegmone hath been very variously and in a far differing sence made use of by the ancient Physitians and those of later standing For with Hippocrates and generally al the Physitians before Erasistratus the word Phlegmone was used to signifie al sorts of Phlogosies that is every kind of extraordinary heat exceeding the bounds and transcending the limits of Nature although it be without any afflux of matter or any kind of swelling whatsoever But after Erasistratus his daies the word Phlegmone was accustomarily used to denote those Tumors alone in which there was not only a vehement and fiery inflamed heat but likewise also therewithal a certain kind of renitency or resistance and a beating in the part with a more than ordinary redness of color all which last mentioned Species of Tumors Hippocrates was wont to call Oedemata sclera and epodyna that is to say hard callous and painful swellings as Galen hath observed in his second Book of the difference of Respiration or breathing Chap. 7. and in his Book 3. Chap. 5. upon the fift Book of Hippocrates his Aphorisms Aphor. 65. and in his fourth Book of the Course of Diet in acute Diseases Tome 21. Comment 3. upon Hippocrates his Book of Fractures text 5. and elsewhere The subject of an Inflammation But now that we may make it apparent and manifest what an Inflammation is and how to be defined we wil in the first place exactly weigh and consider the subject and cause thereof for as for the form thereof it is of it self sufficiently evident and perspicuous Galen in his Book of Tumors Chap. 2. expresseth the subject by these terms Moria sarcode partes carnosas that is to say fleshy parts For he there tels us that the word Phlegmone ought to be used concerning those parts which are affected with a greater swelling than ordinary and which are ful of flesh stretched forth resisting grieved with a beating pain and therewithal somwhat reddish Whether the flesh alone may be inflamed Which Assertion of his notwithstanding seems to have in it somthing that is very doubtful and that may wel be questioned For a Phlegmone happeneth likewise unto the Membranous parts as to instance in a Pleurisie the Membrane that girts about and encompasseth the Ribs is inflamed in the Phrensie the Membranes of the Brain and so in like manner the smal Vessels and Membranes of the eyes suffer an Inflammation in the affect which we cal Ophthalmia or an Inflammation in the uppermost skin of the eye Neither are besides the flesh only the Membranous parts subject unto Inflammation but also the glandulous or kernelly parts are often inflamed and swollen up by reason of the blood flowing into them And last of al not only the musclely flesh but likewise also the substances of all the other bowels which have their flesh much differing from that of the Muscles are oftentimes afflicted with Inflammations as it is most apparently manifest in the Inflammations of the Liver Spleen Brain and all the rest of the Entrails And this very Truth Galen himself waves not neither doth he pass it over in silence whenas neer about the close of the Chapter alleadged he thus writes But likewise also in process of time the skin it self saith he takes unto it self somthing of a fluid and fluxile Nature as also do the Tunicles of the greater Vessels and so likewise even the Membranes themselves in the part inflamed and moreover also even the Nerves and Tendons themselves in process of time are made to partake of this very same Inflammation Thus much Galen himself acknowledgeth But now that we may the better acquit our selves in this present Controversie we must know that by the abovesaid Moria sarcode or fleshy parts we are not only to understand the flesh of the Muscles which indeed is flesh in the most proper acceptation of the word but we are likewise thereby to understand the several fleshes of the bowels which we evermore term Parenchymata Moreover also under the notion of a fleshy part are comprehended all the parts that are glandulous or kernelly yea likewise even the parts that are Membranous For these also may be said to have a flâ—sh peculiar and proper to themselves as Galen writes upon this very subject in the 10. Book of his Method of Physick Chap. 11. In each one of the Primary and simple parts there is saith he one part or portion of the substance thereof which is as it were fibrous another that is Membranous and a third that is fleshy As for example whenas a Vein hath but one only Tunicle and that likewise very thin we may even then and there discover many of the fibres in this one thin Tunicle which are interserted as
order following to wit 1. If we first of all treat of a simple Ulcer or an Ulcer considered in the General 2. Of an Ulcer with a Distemper 3. Of an Ulcer with an afflux of humors 4. Of a sordid and foul Ulcer 5. Of an Ulcer with Tumors 6. Of Flesh growing forth luxuriant and proud 7. Of an Ulcer that is wan or Leaden coloured and withall Callous 8. Of an Ulcer that is hollow and fistulous which we commonly call the Fistula 9. Of an Ulcer with Worms 10. Of an Ulcer with a rottenness of the Bones 11. Of the Ulcer by the Greeks called Dysepulot Malignant the Ulcers Telephia and Chironia and Phagedaena 12. Of pain with an Ulcer 13. Of the Ulcers of the Legs and other parts 14. Unto which we wil add something touching Burnings 15. We wil conclude all with a short Discourse touching a Gangrene and Sphacelus Chap. 2. Of a simple or single Vlcer IN the first place therefore we wil handle a simple Ulcer and shew you what are the Causes of an Ulcer considered in the general and what differences it hath according to its form its causes and the place affected by what signs the Ulcer and its essential differences may be known and what is to be pre-advised as touching the cure and what the Ulcer in general indicateth and pointeth out and lastly what kind of Method and course it requireth for the curing of it The Causes We have already told you in the precedent Chapter that the neerest cause of an Ulcer is a matter that hath in it a corroding quality whether it be bred in the Body or whether it happen unto the body from without Of the first sort are al Humors whatsoever that are sharp and endued with a corroding Faculty bred in the body But now this humor is either bred without the part affected or else it is generated in the very part it self that is affected Without the affected part there is generated a cholerick humor a salt flegm a Whey that is salt nitrous and sharp and black Choler or Melancholy For these if they be bred in the body and flow unto any one part they may corrode and exulcerate the said part But from what Causes such like humors may be generated in the body we have already shewn you in the second Book of our Institutions touching the causes of Diseases and elsewhere Now they flow unto the part affected either by transmission or by attraction both which from what causes they proceed we have declared above in the first Part and Chap. 5. of an Inflammation And more especially in the Spring time various Ulcers are wont to arise from some internal vice of the Humors as likewise from unseasonable and immoderate exercises For if as Galen writeth in his third Book upon the Aphorisms Aphor. 20. in the Spring the Body be impure there happeneth indeed then some such like thing in the Spring time even as we see there is wont to be in the exercises of the Body For although these exercises be never so safe and healthful in themselvs yet nevertheles if you bring forth a man that is full either of flegm or yellow choler or black choler or even also of blood it self to exercise you shal undoubtedly by this exercising of him procure unto him either the Falling-sickness or the Apoplexy or if not these yet most assuredly the rupture of some Vessel in the Lungs or a most acute and violent Feaver But unto such as have had exercise enjoyn'd them for the purging out of humors that lie low and deep this their exercise drawing forth unto the skin a Gacochymy that is to say abundance of bad and offensive humors and scattering it throughout the parts doth for the most part excite and cause Vlcers and the Scabies or Scabbiness For this is that which Hippocrates hinteth unto us when he saith That if we exercise an impure and impurged body Vlcers wil from thence arise And so indeed in the very like manner in the Spring time the heat of the ambient Air dissolving the humors calleth them forth unto the skin by an effect altogether like unto that of exercises For the effects of the Spring do not only resemble the effects of Exercises but they are also most like unto the works and operations even of Nature her self For indeed the parts that the Spring time acteth like as doth Nature her self are as wel to cause that occult and secret perspiration throughout the whol body by the which all the superfluities of the body are emptied forth as throughly to purge the body also by diseases after a various and different manner Thus â—aâ— Galen But then these Humors get their acrimony in the part it self by reason of some distemper in the said part And after this manner like as even the Pus or puâ—â—lent matter it self by its concoction and long abode in the part becometh more sharp and stil so much the sharper and corroding by how much the humor out of which it is generated is more tart and sharp so likewise doth the blood which is corrupted by the part affected and so putrefieth But now the Causes that happen unto the body from without are Septick or putrefying and Caustick Medicaments Neither do I here exclude the very actual fire it self from bearing a part in the number of the external causes in regard that the Eschar that is left remaining appertaineth rather unto ulcers than unto wounds And hither likewise is to be referred that contagion by means whereof the vapors exhaling from the Lungs of Phthisical persons by others attracted drawn in with the breath do likewise exulcerate their Lungs and so cause in them a Phthisis or Consumption and also the nastiness and infections of such as are scabbed Leprous and affected with the foul Disease being communicated unto the skin do exulcerate it and there generate a like disease But that attraction which is caused in gauling interfairing or in wearing of the skin by the wringing and streightness of the shoo is not rightly and fitly referred unto and reckoned up amongst the nighest and most immediate Causes For by the said attrition the humor only is attracted that afterwards corrodeth the Skin and exciteth therein little bladders or blisters But now what the special causes of special Ulcers are we shal afterwards shew you in its proper place where the peculiar causes of each particular Ulcer shal be explained of the Ulcer cannot be filled up neither can there flesh enough grow forth from whence it is that an hollow Cicatrice is caused 19. If the Ulcer after such time as it is filled up with flesh and that a Cicatrice ought to have been brought thereupon wax crude and raw again there is then great cause to fear that the Ulcer wil turn into a Fistula 20. Ulcers that are in the Feet and in the Hands are wont somtimes to hasten on Inflammations of the Glandules in the Arm-pits or in the
for distinction sake when he speaketh of an Ulcer is wont to add the name of Ulcers and to cal them Phagedaenae of the Ulcers And furthermore the name of a Phagedaena doth sometimes signifie a certain kind of destruction that befalleth unto Bees of which Columella writeth in his tenth Book and Chap. 13. But here in this place we take Phagedaena as it is only an Ulcer touching which Galen in his Book of Tumors and Chap. 14. thus writeth Whatsoever of the Vlcers there be that eat and devour and reach unto the Bodies lying round about them and continually eating through that that is sound all these Vlcers are by the Greeks called Phagedaenica but those that are compounded of both to wit of an Vlcer and a Tumor surrounding the flesh these are called Phagedaenae Thus Galen Moreover also Herpes feedeth upon and eateth up the parts lying neer round about but the exulceration is in the Skin alone but the Phagedaena together with the Skin reacheth even unto those parts that lie underneath Nome is likewise a different Affect so called from the Greek word Nome signifying to feed because that it is wont to move forward stil feeding the Disease from the sick and unsound parts unto those that are whole and sound and of these sound particles it is wont alwaies to add somthing thereof unto the unsound so that it hath its Appellation not from the substance of the thing declared and shewn but from something that is Accessary which is to feed as Galen tels us in his fifth Book of the Method of Healing Chap. 4. For Nome signifieth an eating or devouring putridness albeit that the Ulcer creep but slowly But Phagedaena is from humors that are sharp and corroding even without any putridness But what a Phagedaena is we are now to declare unto you What Phagedaena is Now a Phagedaena in special and properly so called is an Ulcer that feedeth upon and eateth through the flesh lying underneath it and those things that are about it and then preying upon some what belonging unto the sound parts which it addeth unto those that are diseased and unsound as we may see from the sixth Book of the Aphor. Aphor. 46 and in Galen his Book of Tumors Chap. 12. To wit the Phagedaena which the more ignorant Physitians call the Ambulative or walking Ulcer is an Ulcer that is tumid and profound eating through the parts lying neer and the flesh that lieth underneath For it hath a Tumor about its lips by which it is distinguished from Nome It s difference from Nome which likewise eateth thorow the adjacent parts but then it is without any Tumor Although that it be likewise otherwise distinguished from Nome because that in Phagedaena the Corrosion is only from a Malignant quality and the acrimony of the humor wheras in Nome there is likewise a putridness conjoyned And it is also a deep and profound Ulcer and such as doth not only eat through the Skin but even through the flesh also in which respect it differeth from the Herpes that corrodeth and eateth through the Skin only The Causes This Malady hath its original from an adust or burnt humor and Cholerick and such as almost degenerateth into the Nature of black Choler or Melancholly or else from yellow Choler with salt Flegm and a serous or wheyish humor therewithall mingled which humor is not so thin as that that causeth the Herpes not yet so thick as that which produceth the Cancer But now these humors proceed either from some principal Member affected with a hot and dry Distemper or else they are burnt in the very part that is affected that lieth under some hot and dry preternatural Distemper Signs Diagnostick The Signs are already declared and explained and they may be collected out of this and the foregoing Chapter Prognosticks 1. These Ulcers are hard to cure whereupon they are likewise in the general called Cacoethe 2. Yet nowithstanding some are more malignant then others for which cause there is a necessity that we have in a readiness divers Medicaments differing in strength and virtue For we never yet heard of any one that with one only Medicament easily cured al such like Ulcers as these 3. Eating Ulcers with a hot and dry distemper of the Liver or else conjoyned with the foul Disease which we commonly cal the French Pox or the Neapolitane Disease are not to be cured without much difficulty 4. Earing and devouring Ulcers unless they be rightly and speedily healed they often degenerate into an exulcerated Cancer The Cure About the Cure of this Ulcer it is to be noted as elsewhere likewise we have often said that in it nothing wil any whit profit or avail as it is also in other Diseases whilest that the Cause stil remaineth And therefore in the first place such a Course of Diet is to be prescribed that will not only not generate such like adust humors but likewise qualifie and correct their acrimony and afterwards these bad humors are to be evacuated out of the body And moreover this also is to be observed which Galen likewise taketh notice of in the place before alleadged Viz. in the fourth Chapter of his Book of the Composit of Medicam according to the kinds of them upon the Medicament of Asclepiades where he hath these words Rightly saith he hath Asclepiades added these words unto the end of his prescribed Medicament Viz. and loosen this every third day and mitigate the pain with fomentations and soften the same Emplaster when you have washed it and again lay it on for unless the Medicament shal stick somwhat long unto the Skin it effecteth but little or nothing which most Physitians are ignorant of who think that if thrice a day they wipe away the Sanies from the Vlcer they then do better then those that do it but twice a day And the truth is there is most commmonly a great error committed in this very point whilest most men think that they take the best course with the Patient if they wash such a like Ulcer three or four times a day But since that the Medicament doth not at all act any thing unless by the Native heat it be drawn forth into act and in regard that in malignant and long continued Ulcers the heat of the affected part is very weak it needeth much time therefore to excite and draw forth the strength and virtue of the Medicament Wherefore the same Medicament ought to be kept sticking upon the part affected a long while neither is its action to be disturbed when the virtue and strength thereof is scarcely yet drawn forth by the heat of the place affected so that it now but beginneth to act and a new Medicament to be applied In which case notwithstanding the condition of the humor exciting the Ulcer is to be considered For if it be very sharp it is the oftner to be wiped away lest that sticking in the ulcerated part it
this smell arise from sweat as most frequently it doth and that strong Feat smel stinking you may cal it that is somtimes ascribed unto the whol body is properly the smel of the Arm-pits And yet notwithstanding Martial as we find it extant in his sixth Book hath this Epigram upon Thais Thais stinks worse than Fullers Pot ere stunk that lay Fur'd up to th' brim but newly burst in th' midst of th' way Worse then the lustful Goat new come from 's Mate ere stank Worse then the Dogs skin stay'd beyond great Tibers bank Worse then th' Abortive Chick that 's found in rotten Eggs Worse then the Tankard marr'd with Corrupt Sauce and Dreggs This Cheat to damp her poysonous stink with sweet Perfumes Whenas she 's stript and takes the Bath she then assumes Psilothra Perfumes Oyntments or lies hid with Chalk And thus by shifts she keeps her stink from common Talk When sh ' hath us'd all her thousand Arts and thinks all wel Yet stil she stinks and Thais doth like Thais smel Prognosticks 1. This strong and stinking smel is loathsom and very offensive to the Standers by and such as is very unfit for Conversing with others and it oftentimes rendereth the Wife unacceptable and unpleasing in the Eyes of her Husband 2. And yet notwithstanding this stinking smel is a sure sign of an overmoist Body and a Body wherein there are many moist Excrements heaped and this the body is very easily obnoxious unto in Fevers and other Diseases arising from putridness The Cure The Cure respecteth either the stink it self that may be palliated and covered by a sweet smel on the very cause of it and this is the true Cure And therefore the bodies of them that are thus troubled are in a convenient manner by Venesection if need require and Purgation to be evacuated and its overgreat humidity to be dried up And here more especially there is commended Aloes Rosate which drieth the body and powerfully preserveth it from putridness Let the Diet likewise be so ordered that it may tend toward driness and resist putridness And therefore let his Meats be sauced with Vinegar the juyce of citrons oranges Rose-water Rose vinegar But there must be an abstinence from meats that are easily corrupted such as are Cucumbers Melons Musk Melons Figs and the like The overmuch use of Fish especially the softer sort thereof likewise to be avoided The Exercises of the body let them also not be neglected neither let the sleep be excessive Afterward we are wel to take notice from what part the stink exhaleth and accordingly that part is to be cleansed and washed with the Decoction of Barley Scabious Flowerdeluce Root Aloes Myrrh Guajacum wood Citron Rind Saunders Aspalathus or Thorny bush and after this a Cerote is to be imposed of Styrax Calamite Benzoin Cinnamom Cloves Myrrh and Aloes incorporated and made into a mash with Rosin and the Oyl of Lavender But seeing that before such time also at the Cause be quite taken away the said stink is troublesom and offensive unto al persons that come neer it may therefore be obscured by sweet smels and thereby be both depressed and palliated The Arm-pits therefore and the Groyns as there shal be need may be anointed with some sweet smelling Liniment or Unguent made of the Flowerdeluce Root of Florence Cinnamom Lign Aloes Cloves Gallia Moschata Styrax Calamite Oyl of Lavender or Balsam of the Citron Cloves Cinnamom or many of these mingled together adding thereto Musk and Ambar if it seem good unto you so to do Under the Arm-pits there may likewise be born sweet scented bals or an Ambar Pomander The said stinking and offensive smel is easily taken away if the Feet be every day washed with Water or Ley in which Bay Leaves the Leaves of Organy and Sage the flowers of Rosemary Roses Camomile and Flowerdeluce root are boyled or else the Feet may be washed in Wine in which Allum hath been dissolved After the washing we may likewise administer those Remedies that the Greeks cal Diapasmata which as Pliny writeth in his 13. B. chap. 2. consist of odoriserous things that are dry and they are the sprinklings of some dry Medicament that is made into a fine pouder with the which we are to rub the Feet and to sprinkle some thereof betwixt the Toes As Take Bay Leaves and Organy of each one ounce Flowers of red Roses the Florentine Flowerdeluce Root and Cypress root of each half an ounce Bean meal and Lupine meal of each two ounces Salt dried one ounce Make a Pouder The same course is to be taken if the whol body send forth a stinking smel And then frequent use must be made of Baths of the sweet smelling Herbs a little before mentioned And if the said offensive stink cannot otherwise be obscured and palliated we are then to make use of perfumed Garments sweet Bals Balsams and the like But it is better to take away the Cause of the offensive smel than to go about by sweet scents and perfumes to obscure and palliate it since that perfumes unless they be very strong they mingle themselves with the stink and are but as it were a vehicle unto it and so cause the smel to be the more unsavory Whereas the truth is that he that smels of nothing at al smels best of al. There is extant in the Physical Epistles of that famous Physitian Georgius Horstius Book 2. Sect. 10. a very memorable History of a stinking and offensive smel proceeding from the whol body where Dr. Sigismund Snitzerus writeth unto Dr. Andreas Libavius that a certain Augustane Virgin seventeen yeers of age was sent unto Bamberg and there put into the Monastery of the holy Sepulchre that so she might live as a Recluse and Nun of the said Order And that she was no sooner entered into that Monastery but she sent forth a stinking smel not unlike unto that of a dead putrefying Carcass greatly offensive and displeasing unto the rest of the Nuns whether she kept them company in their common meeting place or else kept her self close and mew'd up in her own Cell for even here also they smelt her as they passed by but a diligent enquiry and search being made into the cause thereof he came as he writeth at length to understand that this stink of hers proceeded not from any thing amiss in her Mouth Stomach Womb or any other particular part of the Body but from the general habit temper and constitution of the whol body Yet nevertheless Libavius in his Epistle wherein he returneth an answer doth not admit of this said proper Constitution and temperament of the whol Body in regard that to render the reason thereof is beyond the reach and power of any man living but he rather thinks that somthing happening from without brought upon her that alteration of her substance and so caused this offensive smel And he conceiveth indeed that this distemper was contracted in the
The Art of CHIRURGERY Explained in SIX PARTS Part I. Of Tumors in forty six Chapters Part II. Of Vlcers in Nineteen Chapters Part III. Of the Skin Hair and Nails in Two Sections and Nineteen Chapters Part IV. Of Wounds in twenty four Chapters Part V. Of Fractures in twenty two Chapters Part VI. Of Luxations in thirteen Chapters Being the whole FIFTH BOOK OF Practical Physick By Daniel Sennertus Doctor of Physick And R.W. Nicholas Culpeper Physitian and Astrologer Abdiah Cole Doctor of Physick and the Liberal Arts. Above Eight thousand of the said Books in Latin and English have been sold in a few Years LONDON Printed by Peter Cole and Edward Cole Printers and Book-sellers at the Sign of the Printing-press in Cornhil near the Royal Exchange 1663. Physick Books Printed by Peter Cole at the Exchange in London Viz. 1. A GOLDEN Practice of Physick plainly discovering the Kinds with the several Causes of every Disease And their most proper Cures in respect to the Causes from whence they come after a new easie and plain Method of Knowing Foretelling Preventing and Curing all diseases Incident to the Body of Man Full of proper Observations and Remedies-both of Ancient and Modern Physitians Being the Fruit of One and Thirty years Travel and fifty years Practice of Physick By Dr. Plater Dr. Cole and Nich. Culpeper 2. Sennertus Practiâ—al Physick the firâ—â— Book in three Parts 1. Of the Head 2. Of the Hurt of the internal senses 3. Of the external Senses in five Sections 3. Sennertus Practi al Physick the second Book in four Parts 1. Of the Jaws and Mouth 2. Of the Breast 3. Of the Lungs 4. Of the Heart 4. Sennertus Third Book of Practical Physick in fourteen Parts treating 1. Of the Stomach and Gullet 2. Of the Guts 3. Of the Mesentery Sweetbread and Omentum 4. Of the Spleen 5. Of the Sides 6. Of the Scurvey 7 and 8. Of the Liver 9 Of the Ureters 10 Of the Kidâ—es 11. and 12. Of the Bladder 13. and 14 Of the Privities and Generation in men 5. Sennertus fourth Book of Practical Physick in three Parts Part 1. Of the Diseases in the Privities of women The first Section Of Diseases of the Privie Part and the Neck of the Womb. The second Section Of the Diseases of the Womb. Part 2. Of the Symptoms in the Womb from the Womb. The second Section Of the Symptoms in the Terms and other Fluxes of the Womb. The third Section Of the Symptoms that befal al Virgins and Women in their Wombs after they are ripe of Age. The fourth Section Of the Symptoms which are in Conception The fifth Section Of the Government of Women with Child and preternatural Distempers in Women with Child The sixth Section Of Symptoms that happen in Childbearing The seventh Section Of the Government of Women in Child bed and of the Diseases that come after Travel The first Section Of Diseases of the Breasts The second Section Of the Symptoms of the Breasts To which is added a Tractate of the Cure of Infants Part 1. Of the Diet and Government of Infants The second Section Of Diseases and Symptoms in Children 6. Sennertus fifâ—h Book o Practical Physick Or the Art of Chyrurgery in six Parts 1. Of Tumors 2. Of Ulcers 3. Of the Skin Hair and Nails 4. Of Wounds with an excellent Treatise of the Weapon Salve 5. Of Fractures 6. Of Luxations 7. Sennertus sixth and last Book of Practical Physick in nine Parts 1. Of Diseases from occult Qualities in general 2. Of occult malignant and venemous Diseases arising from the internal fault of the humors 3 Of occult Diseases from water Air and Infections and of infectious Diseases 4. Of the Venereal Pox. 5. Of outward Poysons in general 6. Of Poysons from Minerals and Metals 7. Of Poysons from Plants 8. Of Poysons that come from Living Creatures 9. Of Diseases by Witchcraft Incantation and Charmes 8. 〈…〉 Treatise of Chymâ—â—◠〈◊〉 â—â—ving the Agreemen◠〈◊〉 Disagreement of Chymâ—â—◠〈◊〉 Gâ—lenists 9. 〈…〉 â—wo Treatises 1. Of the 〈◊〉 1. Of the Gout 10 Sennertus thirteen Books of Natural Philosophy Or the Nature of all things in the World 11. Twenty four Books of the Practice of Physick being the Works of that Learned and Renowned Doctor Lazarus Riverius Physitian and Counsellor to the late King c. 12. Idea of Practical Physick in twelve Books 13. Bartholinus Anatomy with very many larger Brass Fiâ—ures than any other Anatomy in English 14. Veslingus Anatomy of the Body of Man 15. Riolanus Anatomy 16. A Translation of the new Dispensatory made by the Colledg of Physitians of London in Folio and in Octavo Whereunto is added The Key of Galen's Method of Physick 17. A Directory for Midwives or a guide for women The First and Second Part. 18. Galens Art of Physick 19. A new Method both of studying and practising Physick 20. A Treatise of the Rickets 21. Medicaments for the Poor Or Physick for the C mmon People 22. Health for the Rich and Poor by Diet without Physick 23. One thousand New Famous and Rare Cures in Folio and Octavo 24. A Treatise of Pulses and Urins 25. A Treatise of Blood-letting and Cures performed thereby 26. A Treatise of Scarification and Cures performed thereby 27. The English Physitian enlarged The London Dispensatory in Folio of a great Character in Latin 28. The London Dispensatory in Latin a small Book in Twelves 29. Chymistry made easie and useful Or the Agreement and Disagreement of Chymists and Galenists By Dr. Cole c. 30. A New Art of Physick by Weight or five hundred Aphorismes of Insensible Transpiration Breathing or vapor coming forth of the Body By Dr. Cole c. Divinity Books Printed by Peter Cole c. Eighteen Several Books of Mr. Burroughs's viz. on Matth. 11. 1 Chrâ—sts Cal to all those â—hat are weary and heavy laden to come to him for rest 2 Christ the great Teacher of Souls that come to him 3 The only easie way to Heaven 4 The Excellency of Holy Courage in Evil times 5 Gospel Reconciliation 6 The Rare Jewel of Christian Contentment 7 Gospel-Worship 8 Gospel-Conversation 9 A Treatise of Earthly Mindedness and of Heavenly 10 An Exposition of the Prophesie of Hoseah 11 The sinfulness of Sin 12 Of Precious Faith 13 The Christians living to Christ upon 2 Cor. 5.15 14 A Catechism 15 Moses Choice c. Dr. Hills WORKS Mr. Stephen Marshals New WORKS Viz. 1 Of Christs Intercession 2 The high Priviledg of Believers That they are the Sons of God 3 Faith the means to feed on Christ 4 Of Self-denial Twenty one several Books of Mr. William Bridge collected into two Volumes Viz. 1 Scripture Light the most sure Light 2 Christ in Travel 3 A lifting up for the cast down 4 Of the Sin against the Holy Ghost 5 Of Sins of Infirmity 6 The great things Faith can do and suffer 7. The great Gospel Mystery of the Saints Comfort and Holiness opened and applied
and which albeit it waxeth not red is yet notwithstanding otherwise of a changed color this Phygethlon I say is of the better sort and there is little of danger in it Thus Celsus in his fifth Book Chap. 28. 2. That Panus which ariseth from an Ulcer Pain stroke or from any external cause is altogether void of danger But that which follows upon Feavers like as it is especially wont to fall out in a Pestilential and contagious season or else proceeds from Swellings either under the Arm-pits or in the Neck is the worst and most dangerous species of this Tumor And so Paulus Aegineta in his fourth Book Chap. 22. The Cure If a Phygethlon shal happen to arise from an Ulcer pain contusion or stripes or from any other Procatarctick cause then like as in other Inflammations its increment and growthâ—s to be impeded by coolers and Repellers But if it be in Feavers or that otherwise it be excited from some internal provision and storing up of Humors then in this case Repellers have not any place allowed them neither are they at al to be made use of but those Medicaments that discuss and resolve are alone to be administred and if the matter have any thing of hardness in it then softeners are therewithal to be added such as are Marsh-mallows common Mallows Orach Chickweed Parietary dried Figs Ammoniack But if the matter cannot be discussed then we ought to use our utmost endeavor that it may be maturated i. e. brought to a ripeness and turned into Pus by the application of those Medicaments that have hitherunto been propounded And at length unless it be opened of its own accord the Impostume is otherwise to be broken and opened Chap. 12. Of the Tumor Parotis UNto the Inflammations of the Glandules appertaineth likewise Parotis a Tumor so called from the Greek words Para and otos because its scituation is nigh unto the Ears Hippocrates in the sixth of his Epidemicks Comment fifth Title first and elswhere terms these Tumors Eparmata For a Parotis is an Inflammation of the Glandules neer unto the Ears The Causes Whereas then that a Parotis is an Inflammation it must necessarily follow that the neerest and containing cause thereof is the blood But this blood notwithstanding is very seldom pure but most an end Choler Phlegm or Melancholy yea oftentimes also there are malignant and pestilential humors therewith mingled from whence it is that there are malignant and pestilent Parotides proceeding therefrom And it is a most rare thing that blood that is faulty in nothing but that there is too great store thereof should stir up and provoke Nature so far forth that it should attempt such a kind of excretion or separation but it happeneth from the vitious and depraved Humors by which Nature being irritated and stirred up is wont to thrust forth unto the external parts such like Humors together with the blood For like as in critical bleedings which Physitians usually term Haemorrhages it is not the blood alone that is principally faulty and peccant but likewise the vitious humors the which when that Nature cannot easily expel without the blood she thereupon assays and institutes this Excretion or as we commonly term it separation of the blood and this she doth in such a manner to the end that she may avert and turn away the vitious humors from the principal unto the more ignoble parts that she makes use of the blood like as of a Vehicle or Conduit pipe Now these humors are transmitted and sent either from the whol body or at least from the Brain And in good truth we have discovered that these kind of Tumors which we cal Parotides may not only happen from vitious Humors bred in the body but also from poysons that shal by any accident be drunk or taken into the body as for instance I remember the like done here at Wittenberg For a certain Servant Maid when she was to boyl fish unwillingly drawing water out of Vessels into which a Bat or Dormouse had accidentally fallen and was therein suffocated and choâ—ked by the water and boyling the fish therein there were if my memory fail me not ten Students that together with their Hostess fel sick and some of them died And for those of them that recovered in two of them at least even these Parotides brake forth behind the Ears The Differences The principal Differences of these Parotides are taken from the matter and from the manner of their Generation From the matter because that the blood which exciteth the Parotis is either Cholerick or Phlegmatick or Melancholick or in regard also that it hath malignant and pestilent humors mingled together with them From the manner of their beginning or generation in regard that some of them have their original without Feavers or as Celsus speaks in his sixth Book and Chap. 16. some of them in good and perfect health Nature thrusting forth unto those places some certain vitious humors either from out the whol body in general or else more particularly and principally from the head but then others of them appear upon Feavers and those again such as are either long or acute and lastly such as are either benign and inoffensive or otherwise malignant and pestilential And this happeneth in the state or declination thereof Nature by the Crisis driving forth the digested humor the cause of the Feaver unto these more ignoble places or else they arise symptomatically in the very beginning or augmentation of Feavers Signs Diagnostick These Parotides are known from the place affected from the swelling the pain and for the most part from the redness that appeareth behind the Ears But then what kind of Humor it is that is mingled with the blood is known out of the several signs of the Humors that have been elswhere propounded If there be present a malignant or pestilential humor then there is evermore conjoyned therewith a Feaver of the like Nature If it be only transmitted from the Head then there are not present any signs of a Cacochymy throughout the whol body and there went before a pain of the head the which upon the breaking forth of the Parotis either altogether vanisheth or at least is in great part diminished Now whether the eruption or breaking forth of it be critical or symptomatical the time of the Disease and the signs of the Crisis whether they be present or absent wil sufficiently instruct us Prognosticks 1. These Parotides that have their being without a Feaver are less malignant and have less of danger in them than those that have a Feaver to accompany them 2. They also are less dangerous which follow upon Feavers of a long duration than those that ensue upon acute Feavers and especially if they be malignant and pestilential 3. Those of them likewise that break forth critically are more safe and hopeful more easily cured and such as free the sick persons from danger But as for those of them that happen in the
now those Humors are called forth unto the Skin when any one having been in the cold suddenly approacheth neer unto the fire or else betaketh himself to a hot Bath and so on the contrary when after heat the pores of the Skin shal be altogether close shut up by the external cold The Signs Diagnostick The little Bladders that resemble those that are raised by the fire or scalding hot water do suddenly break forth and when they are broken there issueth forth by little and little a yellowish humor the Crusts thereof wax hard and then they fal off By reason of the acrimony and fervent heat of the humor they excite an itching in the Skin Prognosticks 1. Phlyctaenae as Aetius tels us Tetrab 4. Serm. 2. Chap. 63. abide and continue somtimes for two or three daies 2. Phlyctaenae if they be not wel and rightly cured they now and then degenerate into an Herpes The Cure If such like vitious humors abound in the body then in the first place such a kind and course of Diet is to be prescribed thai wil not encrease those like Humors but such as may rather correct that Cacochymy And moreover the said vitious Humors are by convenient Medicaments to be evacuated Now as for Topicks let the Phlyctaenae first be fomented with the Decoction of Lentils Myrtle and Pomegranate Rinds Or Take the Mucilage of Fleabans or Fleawort seed Rose water extract six ounces the Juyce of Purslane and Nightshade of each two ounces mingle them and let the place affected be anointed therewith If they breâ—k not of their own accord and thereupon cause a grievous pain they are then to be pâ—â—ckt and pierced through with a needle and the Pustules are to be hard squeezed and upon the Ulcer lay this following Cataplasm Take Barley Meal the Meal of Lentils and of Beans the pouder of Pomegranate Rinds of each an ounce with a sufficient quantity of the Oyl of Roses make a Cataplasm Or Take the Leaves of Plantane Mallows Myrtle of each one handful boyl them to a softness and pass them through a hair sieve then add unto them Barley Meal the Meal of Lentiles and crums of white Bread of each as much as will suffice and make a Cataplasm Or else let a Liniment made of Swines Fat with the Spume or Froth of Silver in a Leaden Mortar he laid on Or Take Juyce of the Root of sowr Sorrel and Scabious of each two ounces Oyl of Roses four ounces the Fat of an old Hog six ounces boyl them until the Juyces be consumed and afterwards add Litharge of Gold one ounce live Sulphur six drams Turpentine half an ounce stir them wel together in a Leaden Mortar and 〈◊〉 a Liniment Or â—â—ke L tharge live Sulphur Myrtle Pouder 〈◊〉 one ounce stir them wel together with 〈◊〉 â—ar in a Leadâ—n Mortar and adding thereâ—â— a â—â—fficient quantity of the Oyl of Roses make â—â—Vnguent See more of this in Aetius Tetrab 1. Serm. 4. Chap. 21. Chap. 23. Of Vari or Pimples VAri are Tubercles or little Swellings somwhat neer of kin unto Psydracia by the Greeks called Jonthoi because that like unto Dung they are the defilement and the disgrace of the Countenance by fouling and disfiguring of the Face Galen in his second Book of the Method of Physick Chap. 2. reckons up these among those names that neither represent the place affected neither the cause that produceth them They are likewise by some named Acne or Acna as Aetius tels us Tetrab 2. Serm. 4. Chap 13. Although Hermolaus in his Gloss upon Pliny reads the word Acmas as if this kind of Affect were commonly so termed by the Greeks in regard that it is wont to seize upon those that are of ripe and ful age Celsus in his fifth Book Chap. 6. writeth thus It is almost but a meer folly saith he to attempt the curing of these Vari or Specks and Pimples in the Face or the little Pushes and heat-wheals of the same But Vari and Lenticuâ—ae or Pimples are very wel and commonly known and yet notwithstanding you cannot possibly take from Women the care they take in tricking themselves up and especially in trimming their Faces In Galens Opinion as we have it in his fifth Book of the Composition of Medicaments according to the place Chap. 3. and in his Book of making those Remedies that may be provided Chap. 51. Jonthos is an hard and little swelling in the Skin of the Face raised from a thick Juyce that is there gotten together The which in regard that it is altogether void of the wheyish moisture it is therefore not at al itching neither doth it require or stand in any need of scratching This Humor is for the most part alimentary insinuating it self into the Pores of the Skin But yet there is likewise oftentimes therewithal mingled an excrementitious Humor and atrabiliary blood Signs Diagnostick We have before told you out of Celsus that this Tumor is sufficiently and commonly known Prognosticks 1. This Affect hath in it no danger so that Celsus thinks it meer folly so much as to will or desire the Cure of this Tumor 2. Those Vari that arise only from the thicker and grosser Aliment are firm and stable But if an Excrementitious Humor be mingled with them the Tubercles pour forth an Ichor or thin Excrement and if they be suppurated they turn into Ulcers 3. If together with the Pushes there be an Intense and extraordinary redness in the face the Malady is then very hard to be cured if not altogether impossible and although the Pustules may be removed by strong Medicaments yet the redness wil notwithstanding remain and encrease unto a higher pitch 4. When there is a redness conjoyned with the swelling and puffing up of the Face and a hoarsness of the voyce this is a very shrewd sign of an approaching Lepra or Leprosie The Cure These Tubercles are to be cured by Emollients Discussers and likewise unless they in a short time yield and give place by corroding Medicaments As for instance Take Meal of Lupines of the bitter Vetch Orobus of each one ounce and half of Mallows peeled and Flowerdeluce Root of each two drams Salt Ammoniack one dram with Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth make Trochisques which at the time of using them may be dissolved in Milk Or Take Honey and the sharpest or sowrest Vinegar of each one ounce and half Mingle them Or Take Litharge of Gold three drams Turpentine half an ounce common Oyl as much as will suffice mingle them Or Let the Face be anointed in the Evening with bitter Almonds wel pounded and made into a Mash and so mingled with Vinegar and in the morning wash the Face with Milk If the Vari be harder than ordinary Take Black Soap half an ounce Animoniacum Frankincense of each a dram and half let them be dissolved in Water that they may get the thickness of a Cerote Or Take the Juyce of the sharp Dock two ounces Vinegar of
Palate that the sick party could hardly breathe neither could he speak distinctly and so as to be understood This Gulielmus Fabricius in his third Century and Observat 1. tels us yet likewise of another Fungus that he had seen growing out of the Ear and that he cured the same And in his fifth Century and Observat 62. he mentioneth yet another Fungus that sprung and was bred out of the very Center of the Navel This kind of Tumor Gulielmus Fabricius in his third Century Observat 36. conceiveth that it is to be referred unto those that we cal Nattae or Naptae But what these Naptae are we have before declared in the thirty sixth Chapter And although there be somthing of Fungus contained in the aforesaid Tumor Natta and albeit these Tumors may in the general be said to be Fungus yet notwithstanding that is covered over with the skin but Fungi properly so called and of which we are now â—reating hang forth al naked and bare without the skin and there they grow and encrease And therefore likewise they breed not in the whol and sound Membranes of the brain but they are bred in them when they are wounded bruised together and hurt The subject of these Tumors is a Membrane that is any waies hurt or wounded or bruised The Causes Johannes Philippus Ingrassias touching the Cause and the manner of generation of these Fungi writeth that this Fungus is wont to be bred in like manner as in Candles lighted or Lamps we see the Fungus in the Winter time especially that is wont to arise and appear in the top of the Wick of the one and the match of the other and which is with weak and simple Women a notable presage of Rain suddenly to follow even as Virgil in the first of his Georgicks and Pliny likewise in his eighteenth Book about the end thereof do both of them attest For when the Air begins to be moist the sparkles that were wont to pass forth with the smoke being now prohibited and hindred by reason of the thickness of the Air do there reside in the Lights and there they represent as it were certain resemblances and Images of Fungi And just so it is in the Membrane of the Brain when it is discovered and laid open at the first there is a certain substance that representeth the likeness of that soft and Cotton-like tender Hair that is found upon the heads of new born Infants But then afterwards the vapors being discussed by exhaling and the Fumes being made to assume a round form in that substance by the coldness of the Air they are by little and little burnt and extreamly dried by the more inward heat until at length there appear also a substance like unto the said Fungus signifying that the Membrane is altered by the Air. But in very truth it is indeed to be granted that these kind of Fungi are generated from a superfluous humor as it were sweating forth thorow the hurt Membranes but that this matter may be even deteined there by the coldness of the Air and that it may likewise be there exsiccated meerly and only by the heat is altogether false and therefore not to be granted For these Fungi cannot possibly be so suddenly generated after this manner and get such a growth But it is most agreeable unto truth that the humor destilling forth into the soft Flesh that is spungy like to the Mushrom in Trees is changed by the formative faculty of the part and that Nature which is never idle doth change and form into this substance the humors flowing thereunto which by reason of their abundance as likewise their unfiâ—ness for motion and the debility of the part it can by no means possibly convert into the aliment and substance of the said part Signs Diagnostick This kind of Tumor is very easily known For out of a Membrane hurt and bruised or wounded there shoots forth a soft Flesh spungy and pale and not covered with the Skin and suddenly it attaineth unto a great and exraordinary growth Prognostick This Malady is very dangerous and hard to be cured and if it be not handled aright it easily turneth into the Nature of a Cancer The Cure Universals having been first premised the which it is not our purpose here to mention the Fungus it self is to be taken away which is done either by Medicaments that exsiccate and corrode or else by excision and cutting it out Medicaments that exsiccate and dry are far more safe then those that corrode and eat through in regard that by Corrosives the matter is easily exasperated and so obtaineth the nature of a Cancer Now such are made of round Aristolochy the roots of it and of the Florentine Flower-de-luce Angelica the true and right Acoruss the Leaves of Savine of Card. Benedict of Rosemary of Plantane Horstail Storks-bil the Flowers of Red Roses Mastick Frankincense Myrrh prepared Tutty burnt Lead Sugar of Saturn Lapis Calaminaris the Ashes of Froggs and Sea-Crabs But they are to be cut out either by a Silken Thread tying it about therewith or else any other strong Thread otherwise it is done by an Iron So soon as the Fungus is taken away either by the aforesaid Ligature or Iron then there ought to be strewed and sprinkled thereupon Powders of the before mentioned Medicaments As touching these operations see further in Gulielm Fabricius in the place alleadged to wit Century 3. Observat 1. and Century 5. Observat 62. Chap. 40. Of Tumors Malignant and Poysonous and in special of Elephantiasis WE are at length come to treat of a certain kind of Tumors arising from the humors that have joyned with them a Malignity Among the which the first we meet withall are the smal Pox and Measils But because we have already handled them in the fourth Book of Feavers Chap. 12. we shal here add no more as touching them but rather refer the Reader thither for his further information And then the next we meet withall are those we call Bubones and pestilent Carbuncles touching which we shall likewise here in this place spare our pains in the further treating thereof in regard that we have also spoken of them in the place alleadged to wit the sixth Chapter There likewise belong hither in the third place those Tumors that we term Venereal of which we shall hereafter treat further in its proper place among the malignant Tumors And lastly there is this Elephantiasis touching which alone we intend here to discourse That Affect which the Arabians call Lepra we have told you above in Chap. 28. that it is by the Greeks called Elephantiasis Elephantiasis Now it is called Elephas Elephantiasis and Elephantia from the Elephant by reason of the likeness and resemblance that this Disease hath with that Creature the Elephant to wit as some conceive because such as are affected with this Disease become great as the Elephants but this is but a weak and simple conjecture
Scrofulae that are in Swine which we call the Swine pox The Breath stinketh the Voice is hoarse shril and obscure by reason that the Lungs and the parts serving for Respiration are filled and beset about with thick adust humors and by reason also of the driness and roughness of the Trachaea Arteria or the great rough Artery In the Hands the Muscles are extenuated especially between the Thumb and the fore Finger for whereas those Muscles are naturally lifted up into an hilly and manifest swelling the depression of them and their being emaciated happening by reason of the defect of aliment becomes the more manifest and remarkable in them the Nails are cleft there is present a stupidity and want of feeling in the Ankles and the Calves of the Legs and in the Feet also so that although the sick Persons shall be pricked with Pins or Needles in those places yet they feel it not in regard of the vitious matter filling up and obstructing the part hindering the access of the spirits The same likewise somtimes befalleth the Fingers and Toes in the which there is also perceived a coldness and a certain privation of al sense and feeling and somtimes likewise that stupidity and sleeping as they cal it chanceth unto the whol Skin between those Fingers and extendeth it self even unto the Arm from the Foot it extendeth it self even unto the Knees the Thighs and the Hips yea moreover the sense of feeling is diminished throughout the whol body in Elephantiack Persons For all the Nerves and Pores being obstructed and in a manner shut up by the thickness of the humors will not allow and afford any passage unto the Animal Spirits In some certain places under the Skin there is perceived and felt a kind of stinging such as is caused by Emmets or Pismires as if Nettles were rubbed thereupon and likewise a certain kind of itching and tickling as if there were Worms creeping there and this is by reason of the adust fumes and burnt vapors ascending up under the Skin The Skin it self is wholly Unctuous and Oyly so that Water poured upon it wil hardly stick and abide by reason of the melting of the fat under the Skin and the effusion of fat excrements thereinto Others there are that unto these signs add other signs also They advise us to take some few grains of Salt and to cast it upon the Blood because that if the Blood be infected the Salt is presently resolved and melted but on the contrary if the Blood be not infected They command us likewise to cast this Blood into the purest and clearest Water and if it swim at top it is corrupted but the contrary if it sink to the bottom Others there be that take the Blood and putting it in a clean Linen Cloth they wash it for if there then appear in it certain blackish rough and as it were sandy bodies it argueth a leprosie But there are other signs also of this Malady and indeed there is scarcely any evil mischief or inconvenience that is not annexed thereunto and in the which there is hardly any thing within or without that is sound But yet notwithstanding the Face is especially to be considered neither is any one rashly to be accounted Leprous unless the figure of the Face be corrupted And therefore since that in some Common-wealths there is instituted and appointed an Annual Examination and Search in and about these Elephantiack persons and that this is the chief if not the whol business of the Physitian he ought therefore to use the utmost of his endeavor and to be very cautious that through imprudence or by a rash and precipitate Judgment he do not cause such to be exiled and banished from al society that are not infected with this Disease and on the other hand for those that are infected therewith that he do not permit them to live and converse with such as are sound to the great endangering of them And this he may easily do if he have in his eye al the signs before recounted and mentioned and if he wil likewise but duly weigh and consider which of them are proper unto them and inseparable from them and what they have common with other Diseases In the serious examination of al which Franciscus Valeriola hath taken extraordinary pains in the sixth Book of his Enarrations Enarrat 5. the Reader may do wel to consult the place alleadged We must not here also pass by in silence that which Marcellus Donatus hath in his first Book of the History of things wonderful in Physick Chap. 4. by which we have occasion given us to think and conjecture how great the corruption of the blood may possibly be in those that are Leprous Annibal Pedemontanus saith he having been for two yeers vexed and afflicted with an incurable Lepra he was at the end thereof taken and surprized with a Pleurisie and having a Vein opened this strange thing befel him the hot Vrine that came from him being in quantity more than the pot could wel hold and upon which there swam a blood at least six ounces in weight so soon as it was cooled was by the said blood thickned in such a manner just as if the water had been Milk and the blood the Curd thereof so that in its consistency it seemed to be very like unto curdled Milk yet still retaining its own proper color of the which there was not one drop indeed to be found that was severed from the rest and not curdled The cause hereof is given by the Author before cited who conceived it to be and imputeth it unto the thickness and clamminess of the blood which being throughly mingled with the Water the actual heat of both of them assisting and furthering the distribution in their mingling together when it had abated of its great heat and was now become cool gave the occasion of the said coagulation or curdling And he conceiveth likewise that here the very same thing happened that cometh to pass when the smal parts and pieces that are cut from Hides and Skins are boyled in Water for the making of Glew For so soon as ever that Water is cooled it instantly is thrust and forced close together by reason of the clamminess and sliminess of the juyce and the like also happeneth in some kind of meats that we eat that are made of Calves feet and the feet of other living Creatures Prognosticks 1. By al which iâ— appeareth That this Malady is most grievous and dangerous hard to be cured and the truth is not at al curable unless it be taken in hand in the very beginning and first rise thereof neither then without much ado and difficulty For an Elephantiasis inveterate and confirmed wil at no hand admit of any Cure For if a Cancer being but a particular disease only wil allow of no cure how much less wil the Elephantiasis that is an universal Cancer of the whol body admit and receive any And
malignant Ulcer they are by no means to be healed lest that these being removed some more grievous Evils befall Since that those things only may be said to heal that do altogether free the Party and not those things that generate another Affect more dangerous then the former as Galen teacheth us in the sixth of his Aphorisms Aphor. 26. And therefore if it like you to Cure these Varices this ought to be done with great Caution there must be some of the blood let forth the Body must then be purged and that not only once but twice or thrice and whatsoever is amiss in the Liver and the Spleen if they be ill affected and administer cause unto the Varices is first of al to be corrected And afterward we are to make use of Astringent Drying and Digestive Medicaments as also of Swath-bands and Ligatures that may thrust forth the blood from the inferior parts unto the superior These things if they profit not but prove successless the Ancients were then wont to betake themselves unto Section or Cutting Oppius is our Author as Pliny relateth it in his eleventh Book and Chap. 45 that Caius Marius who had been seven times Consul was the one man that standing suffered these Varices to be taken out of him the one man saith he I cal him because that as he was the first so he was the only man in those times But after him there were others also that suffered the same to be done unto them standing and even without any bonds For so Cicero tels us in the second Book of his Tusculane Questions towards the end thereof But in good truth saith he Caius Marius a Countrey-man but yet a man every inch of him when he was cut of the Varices at the very first forbid them to bind him Neither before Marius was there ever any heard of that was cut without being bound Why therefore were others afterwards His Authority and Example caused it so to be Seest thou not therefore that the Evil of this Affect was more in Opinion then it was really and in Nature And yet notwithstanding that this Affect was not without its sharp biteing pain the same Marius sheweth for he yielded up only one Thigh whereas they were both of them affected to be cut and not his other Thigh that ailed altogether as much so that he as a resolved man was contented to suffer pain but then as a Rational Man he refused to undergo a greater pain then there was necessary Cause for the whole of what thou art taught by his Example consists in this viz. that thou carry a Commanding power over thy self And of the same thing Plutarch writeth in the life of Caius Marius He may be for an example unto us saith Plutarch in that when he was diseased in both his Thighs and having them bothful of these Varices and bearing the deformity of them with a very ill will he took unto him a Physitian for the curing of one Thigh only in the cutting whereof he did not so much as blinch or once stir his body neither was he heard so much as once to sigh but when in silence and with fixed Eyes he had rendred himself to be cut he was not at all affraid during the time this cutting took up to suffer and undergo certain intervals of pains caused by pauses and delaies But yet he would not in the least consent unto the Physitian requiring him to render yield up his other thigh to be cured but thus he said I know wel that the Remedy can no waies countervail these so great pains And haply these are those things of which Seneca in his eleventh Book Epist 79. saith He that whilest he was suffering those Varices to be cut forth continued al the while reading of a Book But yet at this day there is hardly any one that wil admit of this Remedy for the removal of that deformity that is caused by these Varices As for the manner of cutting them out Paulus Aegineta in his Book 6. Chap. 82. teacheth us how it ought to be performed The man being washed saith he and a string tied about on the upper part of his Thigh we command him then to walk and then when the Vein is filled ful with writing ink or with a Colliry we mark it according to its scituation the length of three fingers or somewhat more the man being then laid upon his back with his Thighs extended we then bind about another String above the Knee and by this means the Vein being elevated into a considerable heighth we cut with a Panknife in that very place which we marked no deeper then only through the Skin that so we may by no means divide the Vein and then the Lips of the Section being distended with little hooks and the Membranes being excoriated and fleyed off by those crooked Penknives that are provided in Watery Ruptures and the Vein being altogether made bare and naked and laid open to the view on all sides we then loosen the Thighbands and the Vessel being elevated by a little hook we cast under it a Needle drawing along in it a double Thread and cut in two the nook of the Thread and then the Vein being divided in the midst by a Venesectory Penknife we evacuate and let forth as much of the blood as is needful then after this with one of the threads we tie close together the upper part of the Vessel and the Thigh being extended straight forth by the expression or hard pressing of the Hands we empty forth that blood that is in the Thigh and afterwards we again beneath tie the vessel close together or we cut off and take quite away that part of the Vein that lieth between the bonds or otherwise we permit it to remain until that at length together with the bonds it fal out of its own accord then putting in dry Liniments and a long spleen-like Emplaster after it hath been throughly moystened in Wine Oyl being laid thereupon we bind it down close and so we cure it by the continued course of suppurating Medicaments that are to be administred and applied in the nature and after the manner of Liniments Neither am I ignorant that some of the Ancients used none of these bonds and Ligatures for some of them presently cut forth the Vessel so soon as ever they had made it naked and bare and certain others of them with violence draw forth and break off the said Vessel so soon as they have extended it from the bottom But the truth is that before mentioned way of Manual operation is absolutely the best and of all other the most secure Moreover as for the Varices that consist in the bottom of the Belly we handle them in like manner as likewise those that consist in the Temples Thus far Aegineta Cornel. Celsus in his seventh Book and Chap. 31. telleth us of a twofold manner and Method of curing these Varices by Chirurgery when he
Groins and Tumors in bodies that are plethorical and cacochymical For the matter flowing down unto the ulcer in the Hand or in the Foot those very parts themselves likewise being become more loose and weak do first of al receive and drink it in 21. The ulcers of the Thighs are for the most part hard to be cured and especially if they be cherished by any distemper and default in the Spleen for then the thick and melancholy humors that flow unto the ulcer do hinder the Cute thereof 22. Ulcers that have continued long and are now become inveterate are not to be cured without much danger unless the body be first of all carefully purged and a good course of Diet be observed of which very thing Gulielmus Fabricius in his third Century and Observ 39. giveth us an instance in a certain man who having had an inveterate ulcer cured in his left Thigh by an unskilful and immethodical Empirick after some few months was surprized with a Pleurisie in his left side upon which he died and that during his sickness he spit forth just such stuff and excrements as before were wont to flow forth of the ulcer See likewise Ambrose Parry in his seventeenth Book and Chap. 51. touching Pus likewise from an ulcer in the Arm evacuated by the Urine The rest of the Prognosticks shal be handled in the special differences of the ulcers Indications Since that the Essence of an ulcer consisteth in the solution of unity and the diminution of the magnitude of the affected part the solution of unity sheweth that union must be endeavored and that which is lost and diminished indicateth its own restauration to wit the ulcer as an ulcer is to be filled up with flesh and united and then shut up with a Cicatrice But then when the ulcer is conjoyned with its cause that either excited the ulcer from the very beginning or else if in the Cure it obtain the Nature of that cause without which the ulcer had not been the said cause is then first of al to be removed But then it is requisite likewise that the temper of the part affected as also the blood that floweth thereto be such as it ought to be but if there chance to be any thing amiss in these it is to be corrected touching which we shal hereafter speak further in the special differences of Ulcers If therefore that Humor that excited the ulcer be stil present it is to be evacuated for in every affect in which the cause is stil present the Cure is evermore to be begun from the removal of the Cause And moreover because that in the beginning there wil alwaies fal forth some of the blood without their proper vessels and because that oftentimes together with it other vitious humors in the body flow thither lest therefore that which stâ—cketh in the pores of the parts should putrefie and breed an Inflammation this blood is to be concocted and changed into good and laudable Pus From whence likewise it is that Galen in his Book of the times of the whol Disease and Chap. 3. writeth that ulcers have their peculiar times and that in the beginning there iâ— thrust forth a thin inconcocted and waterish Sanies which in the augmentation by the help and benefit of concoction becometh thicker and at length in the state is changed into Pus that is good and white And therefore in the beginning of an ulcer it wil be requisite to use Concocters which they commonly cal Digestives And furthermore the filth and impurities which are wont to be generated in an ulcer in regard that they hinder the curing thereof are to be wiped clean away So soon as the ulcer is cleansed the Cavity thereof is to be filled up with flesh and at the length the ulcer is to be shut up with a Cicatrice There is yet nevertheless likewise regard to be had unto the parts affected For in the ulcers of the external parts the green iust of Brass burnt Brass Vitriol Antimony and the like have their place which nevertheless are by no means to be admitted of in the internal parts If likewise the part be so constituted and framed that it may give a passage unto other things like as the Gullet doth the Medicaments are then so to be ordered that they adhere unto the part Those parts that are endued with an exquisite sense wil not admit of sharp Medicaments which those parts that are of a more dul sense wil wel enough sustain touching which we shal speak here and there in the particular ulcerâ— But now how an ulcer may be filled up with flesh Galen teacheth us in his third Book of the Method of Physick and Chap. 3. To wit unto the generating of flesh there are necessarily required the efficient Cause and the matter The efficient is Nature which as it doth in the whol body so likewise in each particular part doth attract and draw so much Aliment as is necessary and there she retaineth it concocteth applieth and assimilateth it The matter is a pure and sincere blood that is generated from meat and drink But because in every concoction there is generated a twofold excrement one more thin that insensibly exhaleth or else is discussed by Sweat the other more thick the same likewise happeneth in the generation of Flesh in the Ulcer and if they be left remaining in the part they wil moisten it and hinder the generation of Flesh And therefore these Excrements in the Ulcers are to be clean wiped away and dried up And this is that which is so frequently commonly alleadged out of Galen in his third Book of the Method of Physick and Chap. 4. and in his fourth Book of the Method of Physick and Chap. 5. and in other places here and there where he saith that every Ulcer requireth exsiccation And Hippocrates in the beginning of his Book of Ulcers thus writeth That which is dry saith he commeth neer unto that which is sound but that which is moist cometh very nigh unto that that is vitiated And so the Cure of an Ulcer it is indeed the work of Nature that restoreth the flesh that is lost from the Blood flowing unto the part and bringeth a Cicatrice over the Ulcer being silled up with flesh The Physitian he only removeth those impediments that are an obstacle to Nature in her operation whilest he cleanseth away the Excrements and drieth the Ulcer and when he doth this he is then said to generate Flesh and to introduce a Cicatrice The Cure At the beginning therefore if the body be plethorical or Cacochymical then the abundance of Blood is to be diminished or the Body evacuated lest that the humors flow yet longer unto the part affected And withall let there likewise be a good and wholsome Course of Diet appointed unto the Patient that so there may no more of these bad humors be generated in the Body And for all those things likewise that we call not natural there
destruction of the innate and natural heat as on the contrary the life of the part dependeth upon the preservation and safety of the said Native heat we conclude that whatsoever destroyeth the Native heat of the part that same may likewise be accounted a cause of the Gangrene and Sphacelus Now the Native heat is destroyed when by its contrary it is either corrupted or suffocated or dissipated or altogether extinguished for want of Aliment It is destroyed by its contrary either acting by a manifest quality and cold or else by a secret and hidden quality as by poyson It is suffocated when the transpiration it hindered It is dissipated by a greater heat It is extinguished if necessary food and sustenance be denied so that there are as you see five causes of the Generation of a Gangrene and Sphacelus to wit overmuch cold a poysonous quality the hinderance of transpiration a vehement external heat and a defect of Aliment and the heat flowing in For first of al we see that oftentimes in the Winter those that take Journeys in the Snow and Ice have the extream parts of their feet and of their hands their Ears and their nostrils almost dead with cold by reason of the vehemency thereof and thus it happeneth somtimes also that by reason of Medicaments over cooling in a Phlegmone or an Erysipelas carelessly and incauteously administred the part is taken and surprised with a Gangrene or a Sphacelus although I had rather refer this case unto transpiration hindered There is also a very great power of destroying the innate heat in those things that are poysonous and such things as destroy our Bodies by a secret and hidden quality For somtimes the humors in our bodies do so degenerate and acquire so great a malignity that they bring a Necrosis or deadness unto those parts whither they are by Nature thrust as we see it done in a Carbuncle And so in like manner the biting and stingings of poysonful Creatures do corrupt and putrefie the parts And the same also is done by the Septick Medicaments which if they be not wisely and carefully administred have in them a power of corrupting the flesh especially in places that are hot and moist as in the Emunctories the privy parts and the other places that are like unto these Thirdly Transpiration hindered exciteth likewise a Gangrene For whereas our heat standeth in need of perpetual ventilation and cooling if this be denied it is suffocated by the abundance of Vapors And for this very cause in great Inflammations and especially in the moist parts there very frequently happeneth a Gangrene the Native heat being extinguished as otherwise likewise we see that a little flame is extinguished and put out by casting thereon good store of water and that the flame is stifled if it be put under a Cupping-glass that hath no hole or vent in it or any other Vessel whatsoever that is kept covered which is preserved in a Cupping-glass that is perforated or any other Vessel that is open And this chiefly happeneth if in Feavers especially if they be malignant the humor be with violence either thrust forth or that of their own accord they rush unto any one part And so I remember that here a certain Citizen that was taken with a malignant Feaver from the humors that were thrust down unto the Scrotum had the said Scrotum al of it so inflamed and mortified with a Sphacelus that there was a necessity of cutting off the whol Scrotum or Cods so that the stones hung down altogether naked and bare which yet notwithstanding the Gangrene being cured became afterwards covered again with flesh that grew out of the Groyns That Inflammation likewise which the Gangrene followeth is sometimes caused by Wounds and these not alwaies great but oftentimes also very smal and sleight Wounds that seem inconsiderable and of no moment So Henricus ab Heer relateth in the first Book of his rare Physical Observations Obser 12. That he was present and saw a man fifty nine yeers of Age who having pared the Nails of his Toes and cut them to the quick was presently surprized with a Gangrene and within a very short space died thereof And he telleth us likewise of two other eminent persons who being desirous to have the hard and callous brawniness of their feet pared away were both of them taken with a Gangrene that within a short time caused their deaths And this may likewise be done by Emplastick Medicaments in great Inflammations and especially if they be unseasonably applied in moist places which frequently produce there a suffocation of the Native heat Fourthly A preternatural heat likewise and such as is extraneous and from without produceth the Gangrene by wasting the Radical moisture and the Native heat and so many times a Gangrene followeth after great burnings And lastly A Gangrene ariseth from the defect of Aliment to wit the blood and the spirit flowing in that is altogether necessary and requisite for the cherishing of the Natural heat implanted within For whereas the innate heat standeth in need of continual Nutriment as the flame doth of Oyl if this be denied it languisheth and is extinguished like as is the flame when the Oyl in the Lamp faileth And in this manner a Gangrene happeneth unto the external parts of the body somtimes in an Atrophy Consumption and the like Chronical and long continued Diseases that extenuate the body And for this very cause it is that when the greater Joynts are put out of Joynt if they be not again wel and rightly set then the disjoynted bone presseth together the vessels that lie neer and hindereth the influx of the blood and of the Spirits into those parts that lie underneath from whence there followeth a leanness and consumption of the said parts and in process of time very frequently a Gangrene also And so it is found by experience that from a hard Tumor about the Vena Cava where parting several waies it descendeth into the Thighs pressing the same together and hindering the descent of the blood into the Thigh a Gangrene very often ariseth And in this manner a Gangrene likewise happeneth if any part be too hard and long bound about with Ligatures and bands or else if Medicaments that are over astringent shal be imposed upon any part Signs Diagnostick It is no hard matter to know the Gangrene For the color of the part beginneth to be changed and turned unto black the flesh to grow loose and flaggy the pulse and sense to be diminished and the heat to be abolished Which said Symptoms the more the Gangrene tendeth unto a perfect corruption and a Sphacelus by so much the more are they increased and made more evident For in a perfect and absolute corruption and Sphacelus the life and sense of the part are wholly abolished there is no pulse at al to be perceived the part whether you cut or burn it is insensible of pain the flesh appeareth to be
of the Head alone but that Alopecia may be extended even unto the very Beard also The Causes The Cause of both these Maladies is a depraved and sharp humor of eating assunder the roots the Hair of whatsoever kind it he But for the most part notwithstanding this Malady iâ— caused by a salt flegm adust or putrified Whereupon Galen in his Book of the differences of Symptoms and Chap. 4. writeth that these Vices follow a depraved Nutrition of the Skin of the Head But that one while the Alopecia another while the Ophiasis is excited and that the Hairs do sometimes constitute a strait and direct Area and sometimes that that is winding and writhed the Cause of this is the great abundance and the quality of the matter For if there be an extraordinary great store thereof and it be likewise thin then it equally and alike eateth through the Hair in the more and greater places but if the Matter be less and mingled with a thick humor then there followeth an unequal and writhed Defluvium or shedding of the Hair because that the humors being unequal and mingled do not flow right forward but creeping along obliquely they gnaw assunder the hair The more remote Causes are the heat of the Liver and Head and especially the fault of the first and second Concoction by reason whereof salt and sharp humors are generated which although it may happen in every age yet nevertheless it happeneth more especially in Childhood and Youth and it followeth the Affects Tinea Achores and Favi by reason of the Causes that we mentioned in the Diseases of Children And somtimes likewise External and Malignant Causes make very much for the generating of this Disease among which Galen in his first Book of the Composit of Medicam according to the places Chap. 2. reckoneth up Mushroms because that they make very much for the generating of vitious and corrupt humors And hither likewise belongeth the poyson of the French Disease in regard that this also eateth through the roots of the hair which other poysons may likewise do Signs Diagnostick We have already before told you in what respects this falling of the Hair differeth from baldness and that shedding of the Hair that we call Defluvium But Alopecia differeth and is known from Ophiasis by the very figure of the Area and because that in the Alopecia the hair only falleth off without any hurt as all of the Skin But in the Ophiasis there is not only a falling off of the hair but likewise an excoriation of the Skin And the very color of the skin is also changed and in some it appeareth more whitish in some more pale and in others more black and if it be pricked there floweth forth a serous whitish blood Touching the difference between Alopecia and Ophiasis Celsus in his sixth Book and Chap. 4. hath these words That Area saith he that is termed Alopecia is dilated under all kind of Figures and it happeneth in the hair of the Head and in the Beard But that which from the likeness of a Serpent is called Ophiasis beginneth from the binder part of the Head and is not extended above two fingers in length it Creepeth on both sides the Head even unto the Ears and in some unto their Foreheads also the former of these in all Ages but this latter only in Infants But Alopecia and Ophiasis differ from Tinea in this because that in Ophiasis the Excoriation of the Skin is superficial and when it is cured the hair groweth again But in Tinea the excoriation and Ulceration is more deep and the skin is oftentimes so corrupted that the hair never groweth again As for what concerneth the signs of the Causes the Skin it self sheweth what kind of humor it is that offendeth which that it may be the more exactly known the hair that remaineth behind is to be shaven away and the Skin to be gently rubbed there are other signs also that wil instruct and teach us what kind of humor it is that aboundeth in the body The hairs likewise that grow anew by the various colour that they have according to the Nature of the peccant humor wil shew us what humor is the Cause of this Malady Prognosticks 1. Alopecia and Ophiasis although they bring not much danger along with them yet nevertheless they cause a great deformity and among the Romans those Slaves that were disfigured by the said Area and especially by the Alopecia were sold at a far lower rate then other Slaves And in our daies also these Areae in regard that they cause a suspition of the French Pox are therfore accounted very disgraceful unto him that is affected therewith 2. But whether the Ophiasis or the Alopecia may be soonest and most easily cured it is a great question among Authors and they herein much differ Celsus and Avenzoar are of Opinion that Ophiasis is more easily cured then Alopecia And on the Contrary Alexander in his first Book Chap. 2. and Serapio in his first Book Chap. 1. teach us that the Alopecia is more easily cured then Ophiasis But Celsus seemeth to speak only of the Alopecia of Infants which in the course of yeers and change of age is of it self oftentimes cured But if Alopecia and Ophiasis be such as are grown to maturity or likewise in one and the same age be compared the one with the other then the Ophiasis seemeth to be altogether the more difficult to be cured in regard that it hath its original from a matter more thick and far worse then the former and such as doth not only eat assunder the roots of the hairs but likewise even the very Skin it self which is never done in the Alopecia 3. Yet notwithstanding by how much the longer either of these Maladies hath been and continued by so much the more difficult is the Cure thereof and by how much the less while they have continued by so much the more easily are they cured 4. If by Rubbing the place become red there is then hope of Cure the sooner it is thus the more easie the Cure but if it wax not red at all then there remaineth no hope at all of any Cure 5. That kind of Areae is also the worst that hath made the Skin thick and somwhat fat and slick or slippery in all the parts affected 6. Alopecia and Ophiasis that proceed from the Leprosie are altogether incurable and that that hath its original from the French Disease is not to be Cured untill the Disease it self be Cured 7. There then shines forth some hope of a Cure to follow when the excremities of the Areae that are neerest unto the remaining hairs do again begin to send forth other hair For then those parts that are nigh unto the sound have the less receded from their Naturall State and so consequently will the sooner again return unto their Natural State and begin to produce hair The Cure If a Vitious humor abound in the whole body
finger thick exceeding dreadful to look upon and much resembling the Gorgont head Which tufts of hair they suffer to grow in a sloven-like and regardless fashion for some superstitious ends inducing them thereunto neither wil they at al suffer it to be cut neither at any time to be parted and severed with the Comb being altogether perswaded that the most grievous Fomenters of the diseases of the head that is to say the matter of the Apoplexy Palsie Madness and especially the pertinacious Cephalalgie and the like Diseases are wholly or at least in great part consumed in nourishing these tufts of hair And thus being lead either by Superstition or the long and exact observation of other men they wil admit of any thing rather than the kembing or cutting short of these bushy locks of hair as a thing altogether ominous and deadly and having made their Essayes both of Experiment and History they stiffly maintain their own Opinion But those of them that would be accounted more neat and spruce hide these their deformed tufts of hair those of their heads within their hats but those of their beards rolled up together under somthing they purposely wear upon their breasts that so they may not be seen But there are likewise others of them who although it be even in the publique Assemblies cannot possibly conceal these monstrous and deformed bushes of matted and intangled hair if they would never so fain neither would they if they could So that it is a thing so wel setled and resolved on without the least doubt or scruple in the minds both of those that wear these horrid and strange intangled locks and likewise of al those that behold them that even in their publick Assemblies without any the least shame or disgrace and as a thing altogether necessary for the sustaining of life they expose them to open view And some certain of them there are as we have already told you that during their whol life do in this manner nourish and cherish these their ugly locks hoping that thereby they may possibly be preserved from al other dangerous and difficult diseases that continually threaten them The vulgar likewise if they chance to light into the company of any thus affected they then presently suspect them to be diseased with some hidden undiscernable and some one or other difficult Malady of the head In which thing whether their Superstition convince their Experience or their Experience exceed and surpass their Superstition I wil not at present trouble my self to judg thereof Only this indeed I conceive fit to tel you That as I incline very much unto the vulgar Opinion so that I may conceal nothing I think also that the Seminary of these kind of Diseases is not from thence so much argued as nourished and that by this means it may be prevented that they invade not as we are likewise further taught by the received Opinion of Physitians touching the Causes of the generation of Hair the Events and the Cures there accrewing also for our further assurance the common and constant attestation of the vulgar and which at this day passeth as from hand to hand among them I have not as yet found that this vice of the hair is sufficiently known unto other the Europeans neither is it known in the most parts of Germany but unto al the Brisgoi Alsatians Dutch and in many Tracts neer unto the River Rhine it is in a manner Epidemical and generally wel known likewise unto the people where I live I my self knew here above thirty Citizens of whom some are even yet living that were famous and remarkable for this kind of hair The common people cal it Marenfletcht Maren wiirkung ynd Schrottlinszopff as if we should say The contorsions or writhings of the hairs or the locks and hairy tufts of the Incubi for they conceit that the Incubi and Fauni as the Ancients called them draw forth these hairs in the night time by sucking them Others there are that name them Marenlock that is to say the locks and tufts of Swine because they now and then observe some long tufts like unto the former growing out of the neck of these Swine and hanging down very low As for Histories there are two that in special he reckoneth up the one out of Johan Stadlerus a Physitian the other out of Moccius and both of them he relateth in their own words The first is this Thou bringest unto my remembrance that noble person Casparus of Horstein Brother unto the Commendator Sigismund in Alsatia and Provincial in Burgundy lately deceased whom when the Commendator on a time sharply reprehended by reason of his uncombed writhed and intangled beard which horrid and frightful as it was he ware before him and withal threatning to remove him from his Table a man of about fifty yeers of age unless he would cut it off he then answered that he would more willingly be deprived of his Diet and freely depart the Court rather than want his intangled and altogether Gorgonean Beard This happened in the yeer of Christ 1564. when from Friburg I went to Alschusa for fear of the Plague Thus much out of Stadlerus The other History is thus related Of late saith Moccius one rashly cutting off these Locks of an old woman she died within the space of three daies For they cry up this as a thing very fatal even unto such oftentimes as for want of good advice have frivolously been hurt although there are likewise some that tel us another tale For we know the man who was wel acquainted with a certain Countess that having such a monstrous head of hair would often cause it to be cut even unto the neck This out of Moccius and thus far Schenckius I have heard from a certain Captain of Horse that this Malady is likewise not unknown unto the Hungarians and that in Hungary not only Men but even the Horses also are subject unto this kind of Disease and that he himself brought out of Hungary as far as Dresda a Horse that had such a Plica or intangled Lock of Hair hanging down unto the very feet Unto the aforesaid Epistle of the Rector of the University of Zamoscium Hercules Saxonia answereth in a peculiar Book which he entituleth de Plica or of the monstrous intangled and writhed Hair Johannes Thomas Minadous hath likewise published the Consultation they had at Padua touching this sad Affect on the 15. of the Calends of January in the yeer 1599. and he inscribeth it de Helotide Rodericus a Fonseca hath published likewise a Consultation touching this same Disease the which we find in the first Tome of his Consultations Consult 1. Al which are to be seen in these before mentioned Authors But now whether or no the Polonians received any considerable benefit by these Consultations of the Italians I leave it unto themselves to judg I think that to be a very Ingenuous Confession which that most eminent and famous man Dr.
Johannes Prevotius principal Professor of Physick in the University of Padua maketh in that Letter of Advice and Counsel which he wrote unto the Illustrious and most generous Lord Nicolaus Sapieha chief Standard-bearer unto the great Dukedom of Lituania and Earl of Coden c. I shal anon give you the whol Letter at large where he thus writeth The Nature of this poyson saith he is altogether unknown so that as it seems to me it was truly spoken by that illustrious person who said in my hearing that the Boors inhabiting within his Territories had sound out more of the original of this Plica the progress and the Cure thereof than any of those Authors that had written concerning it of which there hath been never a one of them that as yet hath had the fortune to restore unto perfect health any one that hath been afflicted with the said Plica The Physick Professors of Padua have indeed made trial there of very many Remedies but al to no purpose The same aforesaid Noble person Count of Coden himself told me that a certain Padua Physitian induced thereunto as it were by the signature shape of the Disease for they that are affected with the true and perfect Plica seem in a manner to have Serpents hanging down from their heads and as it were the head of the Monster Gorgon prescribed him some Vipers to eat but without any success at al. And that another of them had provided him a Psilothrum Oyntment to use instead of the usual Ley perswading him to condescend unto the cutting off of his hair promising him an artificial covering for his head but that being advised to the contrary by a German a student in Physick unto whom this Disease was not altogether unknown and one who wel understood the danger that was like to follow upon the rooting out al his hair he therefore refused it But although I dare not arrogate unto my self a perfect knowledg of this Disease and albeit that in no case we cannot attain unto the perfect and exact knowledg of Diseases that depend upon an occult and secret Cause yet nevertheless what I know touching the Nature of this Disease by means of my converse with the Noble Earl before mentioned who was afflicted therewith and what I conceive touching the Cause thereof I wil here briefly acquaint you with that in so doing I may give a further occasion and encouragement unto such as live in those Regions where this Disease is commonly and familiarly known to publish what is come to their knowledg touching this Disease It seems not to me to be any new Disease For although it hath hitherto been unknown unto the people of Italy and most of the European Regions yet nevertheless I see no reason at al why it should not be common and frequent in Polonia many Ages past as wel as now since that the causes that produce the same at this day might then be present as wel as now only that there were then wanting Physitians that might inquire into and acquaint us with what they knew touching the Nature of this Disease Now as for the Nature of it we are first to take notice of this to wit that this Disease as for what concerns the name thereof is known indeed from the intricateness and intangling of the hairs yet notwithstanding that the said Plica is only somwhat that is Critical as it were arising from the expulsion of the vitious matter out of the body and that the said Plica bringeth no danger at al along with it unto the affected person who oftentimes bears it about with him al his whol life without any the least damage But that which most of al threateneth danger unto the diseased party is that vitious humor which yet sticking fast in the body exciteth those most grievous symptoms that have been before recounted in the History of this Disease which cease al of them afterward so soon as the matter is thrust forth unto the hair And moreover this is further to be added unto the History That in such as are thus affected especially if the Disease proceed unto the height not only the hairs are vitiated but the nails also and more especially in the feet but most of al in the great Toes thereof which become rough long and black like unto the horn of a Goat and this I observed in the afore mentioned noble Lord Nicolaus Sapieha and I have heard that the very same hath also befallen unto others But now this Vice is not without cause referred unto and reckoned among Diseases in regard that the hairs are not wholly to be excluded out of the number of the parts And it is to be referred unto the Diseases of Conformation seeing that the hairs neither retain that figure that they ought naturally to have neither do they every of them appear single and severed as they should but are variously complicated among themselves and entwisted one within the other so that of many hairs there is made one long thick intangled and frightful lock And yet notwithstanding that the Distemper of the hairs is likewise changed cannot be denied in regard that there floweth unto them a preternatural humor and such like hairs as these when they are cut pour forth blood As touching the Causes thereof in the first place these things that are commonly believed and by tradition pass from hand to hand touching the paines that is taken by the Incubi Infants not baptized and other Spirits besides in the weaving of the long ugly and frightful Locks there is none but may easily perceive that they are meerly fabulous and superstitious But that this vice of the hair as wel as many other Diseases may somtimes proceed from Witchcraft and Inchantment appeareth even by the Observation of Christophorus Rumbaumus Doctor and Professor of Physick and my fellow Citizen which Hercules Saxonia reporteth to be Extant in the Observations of Johannes Schenckius the Elder in the seventh Book in these very words of Rumbaumus In the yeer 1590. while I was a long time bestowing my pains though all in vain in the Cure of a Mans Wife who out of the Lees of Beer artificially destilled Brandy Wine at Uâ—atislavia being newly brought to bed and by reason of a great and sudden affrightment upon occasion of a lamentable sire burning the next adjoyning houses taken with an Inflammation of the Lungs upon the retention of her Courses Secundine and what should afterward have come from her and this Inflammation through her own carelessness terminating in an Impostume of the Lungs and the Consumption a certain Emperick an old Woman came unto her and offering her pains promised present help Which she would by no means admit of Whereupon the Emperical old Woman growing much enraged uttering many threatning words she causeth her to be shut out of doors and then presently as she was wont she fals a washing and Cleansing away the filth of her Head having first Combed plaited
Sardonian Laughter wherin the sick persons die laughing For whereas the Diaphragm receiveth Nerves from the third and fourth vertebra of the Neck and that these are mingled with those smal branches that are propagated throughout the Muscles that move the Jawbones and the Lips if they suffer a Convulsion in that part by which they reach even unto the Diaphragm they then contract and draw together along with them those little branches of the Muscles of the face by which the Jawbones and the lips being involuntarily moved to and fro hither and theither cause a resemblance and seeming appearance of laughter which Hippocrates in the 5 of his Epidem accounteth among those signs that are deadly by the Example of Tycho whom he bringeth in for an instance And yet nevertheless neither are those very wounds that are also in the nervous part of the Diaphragm alwaies mortal so far forth indeed that the party wounded in that place must of necessity presently die albeit we grant it to be a thing altogether impossible that those who are thus wounded should ever be perfectly cured or live long in that manner A notable instance and history of this which I have likewise before related in the second Book of my Institutions part 2. Chap. 13. and in the second Book of my Pract. Part. 2. Ch. 15. was given me by my Father in law Doctor Andreas Schato somtimes Physick Professor in this University of Witteberg which I must not here in this place pass over in silence Take it therefore thus In the year 1582 the 20. of September a certain Student by name Henricus Euscherhovius returning out of the lower Saxony unto Witteberg and much addicted to Melancholy before the gate ran himself through with his own sword But yet notwithstanding with in two monthes he was cured of this wound But the yeer following the 28. of April he began again to be much amiss and the days following he vomited very often first a certain water and whatsoever food he had eaten then after that such things as were green and at length on the second of May his vomitings were altogether black and that in very great abundance and so after the last vomit the same second day of May he died We opened his Body and there we found that the wound had penetrated thorow the Lungs and the Diaphragm and as it seemed to us the Diaphragm was run thorow in the Nervous circle We found very little or nothing of his Lungs on the left side that was run thorow but only a very smal portion thereof which stuck above unto the short Ribs the rest of it no doubt had gone forth thorow the wound together with the purulent matter The whole stomack was ascended into the left side of the Thorax and it had driven the Heart with its Case out of its proper place into the right side where while he was yet alive and after the wound was restored unto a good degree of health he would wish us to observe the motion of his heart by putting our hands there An instance not much unlike unto this we have in Ambrosius Paraeus his ninth Book And Chapt. 30. Of a certain Captain that was by a bullet shot out of an hand-gun wounded and shot quit thorow the Diaphragm but it was in the fleshly part thereof who dying eight months after this wound received we found in his dead body when we had opened it that a very great part of the Gut Colon being puffed and swoln up with much wind had thorow the wound of the Diaphragm gotten up into his Thorax VVounds of the Stomack Seventhly As for the wounds of the Stomack for the most part they are not to be recounted in the number of the wounds simply Mortal and which suddenly strangle and destroy a man since that we have every where exstant examples of wounds in the stomack that have been cured That History is generally wel knowen which is related both by Julius Alexandrius in the fourth chapter of his sixth Book of Galen his Therapeutick method and likewise by Matthias Cornax in his Epist in answer unto Dr. Aegid Hertogh of a certain Bohemian Boor who received a wound in his stomack and that from a broad hunting spear and yet notwithstanding lived a long while after this story we told you a little before and therefore shall say no more of it here Neither is that other history unknown of a certain Boor in Bohemia which as others have related it so we find it likewise mentioned by Crollius in the preface to his Basilica Chimica in these very words In the year 1602. at Prague in the new Town we saw a certain Bohemian Boor by name Matthaeus about thirty six years old who for two years together by an admirable and unheard of dexterity that he had in his throat would oftentimes in the company of his drunken companions hide in his wide throat as it were in a sheath an Iron knife of a fit size First of al thrusting in the horn haft thereof with the wonted sleight of a Jugler drinking upon it a large draught of beer that they gave him for this purpose and afterward he would pul it back again by the point thereof at his pleasure by a singular art and dexterity that he had but at length the morrow after Easter I know not by what unhappy and mad rashness of his he had swallowed it so far down that it wholly descended into his stomack and could no more by al his art and cunning be from thence drawn back And after that half dead in a manner with the apprehension of death undoubtedly and suddenly to follow he had lodged in his stomack the said knife seven wol weeks and two days by the use and help of attractive emplasters of the Loadstone and other the like the point of the knife by a natural impulse began to make its way forth neer unto the orifice of the stomack which was no sooner perceived by the patient but he instantly and earnestly requested of the Chirurgeons who notwithstanding disswaded him from it by reason of the extream hazard of his life thereby that it might by cutting be drawn forth Which at the length upon his continual importunate desires and yet not untill such time as he was come unto a most desperate Condition both in respect of his poverty and weakness was yielded unto and the business undertaken by the principal Chirurgeon both of the kingdom and that City Florianus Matthias by name a Brandeburger on the thursday after the feast of Pentecost at seven of the clock in the morning and by him with Gods assistance it was happily effected The colour of the knife after he had cut it forth it being as long as nine thumbs in breadth was so changed in his stomack as if it had layn all that while in the fire and was immediatly laid up among the Rarities of the Emperour having been first shewn a thing most strange incredible and
solely after the quality of the Wound it self The fifth and sixth is the Continual pain from whence the Convulsion is brought upon the wounded person But these conjectures belong unto the Second And thus whether or no any one die of a dangerous Wound and of that kind of them which almost alwaies are Mortal the Physitian out of those six aforesaid Conjectures maketh use of two of them especially whereby he Concludeth that that wound touching which the inquiry is made was in it self Mortal and deadly First from the shortness of the time that the wounded party lived after his Wound And then next of all from the State and Condition of the wounded person who alwaies after his Wound falleth from bad to worse until his Death and those grievous and deadly Symptoms which either presently or on the Critical day followed upon the wound and continually afflicted the sick wounded person And unto the two former we may not unfitly add likewise a third to wit if nothing hath been either committed or omitted that might render the Wound Mortal For from these we may Collect both that the Condition of the Wound was such that it might bring death unto the Party and that the wounded person had such a disposition that was not able to master the Wound And these in all the aforesaid particular parts are those Wounds that are deservedly to be accounted Mortal As for the wounds of the rest of the parts Hippocrates rightly pronounceth them not mortal indeed experience teacheth us that somtimes the greatest and most dangerous wounds have been cured of which there are divers Histories recited by Valleriola in his fourth Book Observat 10. And there are every where the like extant in the observat of Guilhel Fabricius and the writings of other Physitians But yet notwithstanding it oftentimes so happeneth that those very wounds of which some have recovered have proved mortal unto some others and that very many also die of most sleight and inconsiderable wounds And Hippocrates in 2. Prorrhet writeth that a man may chance to die of any kind of wounds Of which we meet with examples almost in every Author Touching the Child of Philias Hippocrates in the seventh Book of his epidem writeth that he died of only the making bare of the forehead bone a feaver supervening for one day and a certain wan leaden color contracted in the sad bone And the same Hippocrates likewise relateth that the Child of one Theodorus upon the making bare of a bone almost of no moment died the 23. day after And that a certain person Master of a great ship having hurt and bruised his fore-finger on the right hand and his mouth with an Anchor an inflammation and convulsion supervening on the thirteenth day following died thereof And that Telephanes also the son of Harpalus by his free woman received a blow in the great toe of one of his feet upon which an inflammation a vehement pain followed which remitting the sick person fell into a convulsion and died the third day And so Pliny writeth in the seventh Book of his Natur Hist Chapt. 53. That Aemilius Lepidus Crushing but his thumb against the bedpost breathed his last And that Caius Aufidius going into the Senate house only hurting his foot died of the same ere he could be carried home to his own house Petrus Forestus in the sixth Book of his Chirurgical observat Observat 50. reporteth that a certain Consul Alcmarianus by name washing his feet as he was wont to do and endeavoring to cut and pare away the thick Callous skin in the sole of his foot wounded himself and that a spasm following upon it he died immediatly And oftentimes likewise a Gangreen followeth upon the wounds and make them deadly And so Petrus Forestus in the sixth Book of his Chirurgic observations Obser 49. telleth us of a certain person that hurt his Leg by hitting of it against somthing that was hard and that upon this bruise and wound of his Leg a Gangrene soon after following took his life from him And Guilhel Fabricius in the fifth Cent. of his observat Obser 2. mentioneth two examples One of a certain Labourour who prickt his foot with a thorn and the other of a woman that with a thorn likewise wounded the very tip of her right forefinger both which upon the supervening of a Gangrene died And Johannes Matthaeus in his Physick Quaest quaest 27. writeth that at Freudenberg a town of the Dominion of Nassaw receiving but a sleight wound in one of his shoulders died thereof And that another in the County of Oldenburg being but very sleightly wounded with a knife in the middle of his Thigh died immediatly And that at Lemgovia a certain Citizens son being but sleightly hurt in his Arm by the sword of a Student Contrary unto the expectation of all that saw him died within one hour after And Horatius Augenius in the first Tomâ— of his Epist Book 9. Epist 2. relateth very many histories of them that have perished upon sleight and inconsiderable wounds And examples to confirm this truth we very frequently meet with in the reading of Authors and more especially those before mentioned Now this happeneth for divers Causes which Hippocrates likewise in 2. Prorrhet toucheth upon in these words Whosoever saith he would know concerning wounds in what manner they shal end each of them Particularly in the first place he ought indâ—ed to make a narrow search strict inquiry into the several kinds of men which of them are better able to bear out a wound and which of them are worse able to undergo the same He ought moreover to know the several ages in which every particular is difficult to be cured and to be wel acquainted likewise with the several parts and places in all kind of bodyes how far forth they differ each from other He ought also to know even these other things that happen in each of them of what nature and quality they are and whether they be good or evil For if any one shall know and wel understand all these things he may indeed then likewise know the several events of each particular wound But he that shall be ignorant of these things can never know what shall be the ends and events of Wounds I shall reckon them up in this order following VVounds Curable from what causes they are made Mortal For First of all if the Sword dart or whatsoever it be that inflicteth the Wound be poysoned a Wound then that seemeth but sleight in it self may yet bring death Secondly The Idaea of Men as Hippocrates speaketh ought heedfully to be attended for such as are of a Robust strong body and sound these likewise bear and undergoe the most grievous Wounds and they are oftentimes cured of them without any great a doe and although that many times very grievous Symptoms may supervene insomuch that you would judg them even ready to die yet notwithstanding beyond all hope
and expectation they escape and recover again And hitherto apperteineth the vitious disposition of the body and the present Cacochymy For if any Wound shall befall unto Such a like Body Nature being irritated and stirred up is wont to thrust forth those vitious humors unto the Wound whereupon other diseases and symptoms happening that wound which in a sound and pure body was Curable here becometh Mortal concerning which Galen thus speaketh in his sixth Book of the Places affected Chapt. 2. suppose saith he that one came unto us that had only his skin pricked with a Needle this Man if he be one whose wounds are wont to be easily healed although without any medicament administred with his Member naked and bare you send him to his accustomed labour and imployment will yet take no hurt nor feel no evil whereas those whose Wounds are not cured without much difficulty and that are either Plâ—thorical or oppressed with vitious Juyces these in the first place feel indeed a certain pain in the Wound and afterward a part thereof will infested both with a beating pulse as also with a Phlegmone and it is found that of such like smal and sleight wounds oftentimes Convulsions inflammations a Gangrene yea death it self hath followed Thirdly The Age is wel to be considered in regard of which also there may be a very various Event of Wounds For those Wounds that are grievous and difficult yea Mortal in an old man or a Child these in a man that is young and strong are not mortal yea are somtimes accounted very slight inconsiderable Fourthly A Wound that otherwise is curable may yet become Mortal by reason that either the Surgeon is wanting or if he come he chance to prove either negligent or unskilful and so by reason of the hemorrhage in the want of a Chirurgeon whose part it was to stanch and stop it by ligatures and otherwise a man may often run a great hazard of his life although the wound were not otherwise Mortal And so if the Wounds of the brain of the Nerves of the Joynts be unskilfully and negligently handled an inflammation Convulsion Gangrene and the like evils befalling the Party the man may miscarry and perish notwithstanding that the Wound had it been rightly handled were in it self Curable Fifthly Sometimes there happen grievous symptoms so suddenly that although both the Physitian and the Chirurgeon bestir themselves with al possible diligence before these can be calmed and quieted other diseases and symptoms happen by which the man is quite destroyed And therefore oftentimes the very pain in the part wounded it being of a very exquisite sense causeth an afflux of humors the afflux of humors an inflammation the inflammation a Fever a Gangrene and then death And this indeed happeneth the more easily if the wound be in a part that is in it self indeed ignoble but yet such as can very easily draw a part that is Noble into a consent with it Sixthly Both the Constitution of the Air and the propriety of the place have here a peculiar power So the Wounds in the Head that in many yea the most places are not Mortal in other places are Mortal which yet nevertheless some there are that reckon them up otherwise Vidus Vidius in his sixth Book of the Cure of diseases Chap. 10. Page 249. writeth that at Florence the Wounds of the head are Mortal to most men and he ascribeth the cause unto the cold thin Air but that at Pisa and Lions very few die of them in regard the Air is there thicker and warmer Amatus Lusitanus in his sixth Cent. Curat 100. Writeth that at Florence and Bononia the Wounds of the head are extremely dangerous but not so at Ragusum And Ambrosius Paraeus testifieth that wounds of the head are far more difficult to cure at Paris then they are at Avignion Seventhly An ill course of Diet may render those wounds deadly that in themselves are not very dangerous to wit if the wounded party either eat meats of an ill Juice be much moved with anger terrified with fear Laugh immoderately and use venery Examples of this truth as we meet with them in others so especially Guilhem Fabricius in the first Cent. of his observat Obser 22. and in his 5 Cent. Observ 75. and in the 1 Cent. of his Epist n. 1. reciteth certain of them as they are there to be seen And unto this kind of cause and in special to a sudden fear and affrightment or vehement wrath those wounds are to be referred that being in themselves but sleight scarcely considerable yet notwithstanding many have been known to die of them within the space of a very few hours For although that the Nerves being pricked and a Convulsion excited a man may suddenly die yet nevertheless in regard that in these there is happening neither any Convulsion nor yet any other such like grievous symptom appearing it is therefore credible that they died by reason of the vehemency of the Passions of Wrath and fear in regard that these Affects of the Minde have in them a very great power of affecting the Body Of which thing we have every where examples extant Suidas writeth that a certain person naturally timerous and fearful hearing but the bare report of Hercules his coming hid himself for fear in a private place from whence now and then looking forth and it length seeing Hercules by chance passing by he fell down dead with fear And so Julia the Wife of Pompey died suddenly upon the sight only of her husbands Garment spotted with blood And as Plutarch testifieth Lentulus also hearing unexpectedly of the death of Pompey fel down dead suddenly And some there are that upon the fight of their own blood in venesection or when they have received any Wound have presently swounded and sunk away And Manlius in his Common places Sub. 5. Praecept relateth this history A Fool or Natural saith he for some fault by him committed was brought forth unto a pretended and feigned but not really intended punishment as if he should have been beheaded The Headsman cometh and shews him the sword indeed thereby only to terrify and scare him and withal lightly striketh him on the neck with a little wand and thereby makes the Man fearful and faint-hearted fool as he was to fall down dead to the admiration and astonishment of al the Beholders And Johannes Matthaeus in his Physical Quest Quest 27. telleth us this story When saith he in the Court of the most illustrious Prince Ernestus Fredericus Marquess of Bada his Highnesses Chief Gentleman of his Chamber Johan Beckber a Plethorick young man was but lightly touched in his lower eyelid with a blunt-pointed sword such as they were wont altogether to exercise themselves with in their fencing schools from the hand of a young beardless youth possessed with rage and indignation and taking it most heynously thus to be foyld by a boy and his own scholar fell suddenly into a
of blood and the matter of the inflammation may be withdrawn and kept back And indeed by how much the danger in the wound is the greater by so much the more spare ought his diet to be but so soon as the danger of the wound is diminished then his diet may be by degrees augmented so that he may feed somwhat more fully but yet stil with a due moderation And therefore albeit that Hippocrates in his B. of Affects saith that Wounded persons ought to be pinched and afflicted with hunger this is not simply so to be taken but that we are alwayes to heed the danger of the wound and especially of the inflammation conjoyned therewith and according as this danger shal be greater or less so the diet prescribed may be more ful or ought to be more sparing as we may see out of the same Hippocrates in his Book of Fractures comment â— Text. 44. and Comment 3. Text. 12. as also out of Galen in his Commentary upon those Texts of Hippocrates But yet notwithstanding there is some consideration and respect to be had unto the Age time of the year Region Custome and Temperature according to that 17. Aphorism of the first Section As touching the Patients drink in our Regions Beer may fitly and conveniently enough be drunk His Drink I mean that drink that is made either of Barly or of Wheat and this is to be made somtimes weaker and somtimes stronger according to the state and condition of the wounded party and the wound it self Wine is not allowable in those wounds that are dangerous and where there is present or the danger of an Inflammation threatened and neer at hand in regard that it may by reason of its heat and thinness be a vehicle or means to convey the humors unto the part affected And therefore Hippocrates in his Book of Ulcers text 1. writeth in this manner A small and moderate quantity of Meat and the drinking of water is mostly fit and requisite in all Wounds whatsoever but yet rather in those that are new and fresh then in those that are old and of a long standing and then especially when in the wound there is present an Inflammation or if there shal be any feared or when there is any danger lest that any thing may be vitiated or when the wounds of a joynt are attempted by an inflammation or when there is any fear of a convulsion at hand and lastly when the Belly hath received a Wound And therefore for those that have been long accustomed to drink water and where there is no great plenty of beer either simple and pure water may be administred unto the patient or else a Medicate water destilled out of the juice of Pomgranates Coriander seed Citron rinds of Barley water or the water destilled out of the whol Citron When the danger of the inflammation as past then that wine that is thin and weak may be allowed the patient how and then In wounds that are more grievous and ful of danger Medicate drinks may be provided and made of vulnerary herbs As for what Concerns the motion and rest of the body Motion and rest which of them fittest for those that are wounded Rst is most convenient for wounded persons but more especially for the wounded part For motion moveth and scattereth the humors and rendereth them apt to flow and the moving of the wounded Member exciteth a pain in it and yet nevertheless for the Patient to walk casily and gently his leggs being sound unhurt it wil be no way amiss but very good for him so to do touching which Celsus in his fifth Book and Chapt. 26. thus gives us his opinion The best Medicament likewise saith he is Rest and quietness and to More and walk unless for those that are sound and in health is not so fit and convenient but yet nevertheless it is least dangerous in those that are wounded in their head or Arms but more unto such as are wounded in their inferior parts But motion or walking is then least of all convenient when the wound is either in the Thigh or the Leg or the Foot The Commotions likewise and all perturbations of the mind are carefully to be avoyded Affects of the mind how they are to be ordered and more especially wrath and Anger And therefore those persons that may be an occasion of incensing and provoking to anger the sick person are not to be permitted to come where he is nor so much as any mention to be made of them in his hearing But the Patient ought rather to be moved and stirred up unto a moderate and fitting mirth and cherefulness and all possible tranquillity and calmness of Mind And of all other things that are prejudicial unto the Patient at this time the use of Venus and the company of women is the most hurtful Immoderate and overlong watchings are also very offensive in regard that they inflame and cause a commotion in the humors The sick persons belly must be kept open and soluble and if it chance at any time to be stopt and shut up it is then again to be opened and loosened with mild and gentle Clysters Chap. 13. Of keeping the flux of humors from the Wounded part And thus much touching the general cure of Wounds which yet notwithstanding is somtimes to be varyed according to the variety of the subjects the Nature of the wounded part and the condition of the diseases and the symptoms that flow thereupon and of this we shall now speak And first of all indeed it oftentimes happeneth that the body that is wounded may not be exactly and perfectly sound but that it may be either Plethorical or cacochymical so that there may be great cause to fear lest that either great abundance of blood or the vitious humors that have been long treasuring up in the body may by occasion of the wound rush unto the affected part and there excite various evils And therefore we are to use our utmost endeavour to hinder and prevent the afflux of the humors unto the wounded part Now this flux is especially prevented if care be taken to hinder all those causes that may excite the said flux and moreover al those things that may overmuch and prâ—ternaturally heat the wounded part excise a pain therein or render the same soft loose and so consequently the more apt to receive the flux or overheat the humors disperse them and so render them the more fit for motion are wholly to be removed and taken quite away And such a care and orderly course there ought also to be taken in point of dyet that it may not in any wise generate either too great abundance of blood or had and corrupt humors And furthermore we are likewise to succour and help the weak and infirm part by those things that corroborate and strengthen it the pain if there shall be any is to be mitigated if there be present any heat it is to be
pain there be perceived a certain heat in the Wound Prognosticks Now these extraordinary and over vehement pains in Wounds are wont to be the Causes of grievous Evils For besides that they cause a restlesness and want of sleep and deject the stength of the sick person they are likewise the Causes of the afflux of Humors unto the wounded part whereupon Inflammations a Feaver somtimes also the Gangrene are excited and brought upon the party Touching which Galen also very frequently giveth us notice There is nothing saith he that more increaseth the Phlegmone then pain as he writeth in his 5. B of the Meth. of Curing and 4. Chapt. and in the 3. B. of his Method Chapt. 2. and 6. By reason of pains saith he the parts aâ—e troubled with and lie under fluxious And in the 13. of his Method Chapt. 5. Pain and the heat of the member in which the Erysipelas resideth although the whole Body be pure and free from Excrements become the Causes of a Fluxion That therefore the pain may be taken away we are to make diligent enquiry and finde out whether this pain proceed from any Errour and fault in the sick person or else from the Carelesness of the Chirurgeon and if any such Cause shall be discovered it is to be removed before any thing else be done But if no such Cause shall appear but only that somthing extraneous sticketh in the Wound this is without any delay to be drawn forth If the pain proceed from the abundant store of the Pus retained and kept in then a free and open passage is to be made for it that so it may freely flow forth But if it proceed from the overgreat Afflux of the humors like as it is wont to be in an Inflammation then we are to make use of those Medicaments that restrain the immoderatâ— excessive afflux of the humors as also we are to administer Medicaments both rarifying and Anodyne And very useful here is the Oyl of Roses with the white of an Egge and the yelk of an Egge according as the Case shal require and in which Earth worms have been boyled as likewise the Oyl of Camomile of Linseed of sweet Almonds of Earth worms and of Elder A Cataplasm of the Leaves of Mallows the Roots of Marshmallows Barly meal Bean Meal and bran But if the pain be greater then ordinary we may then make use of the Oyl of Poppy and of Water-Lilye as likewise of the Cataplasm that is made of the Leaves or Root of Nightshade and Hoggs grease As for Example Take Oyl of sweet Almonds Oyl of Roses and of Camomil of each one ounce the yelk of one Egg and Saffron half a scruple Mingle them c. or Take Root of Marshmallows half an ounce Mallow Leaves one handful Elder flowers two pugills boyl them all unto a softness and then pass them thorow a hayre sâ—eve adding unto them the powder of Camomile flowers half an ounce Barley Meal one ounce Bean Meal and the Meal of Linseed of each half an ounce Make a Cataplasm hereof Vnto which if you please there may be added the Oyl of Roses of Camomile of white Lilyes of Mastick and the Vnguent Dialthaea If the pain be not asswaged by all these Medicaments it is a sign that some Nerve is greatly hurt And so then the cure ought in all respects to be carryed on as that we mentioned above in the 15. Chapter touching the wounds of the Nerves Of Convulsions and Convulsion Fits There happeneth likewise now and then a very grievous and dangerous symptom unto Wounds to wit a Convulsion or Convulsion Fits the Latines term them Convulsive motions touching which symptom many are wont to treat at large touching Wounds But in regard time we have already in the first Book of our Practise Part. 2. Chapt. 20. spoken enough of a Convulsion in general we shall here only set before you those things that are proper unto that Convulsion which is wont to follow up on Wounds Causes As for the Causeâ— of the Convulsion Convulsions are caused in Wounds either from a pricking of the Nerves and then extreme vehement pain or else from some sharp and Malignant either humor or or vapour pulling and swinging some Nervous part or the Membranes of the Brain for the expulsion of which when Nature beginneth to best â— her self the then exâ—â—â—th this Contraction and Convulsive Motions Touching which Hippocrates in his 〈◊〉 Aphorism of the fifth Sect. thus writeth Those saith he that together with their Wounds have conspicuous Tumors their are not greatly troubled with Convulsion fits but they are taken with a kind of Madness But these tumors suddenly vanishing if this indeed happen on the hinder part then Convulsions and Cramps follow thereupon And Galen in Art Mâ—dica Chap. â—â— saith that the pricking of a Nerve and Tendon by reason of the vehemency of the sense and because this part is knit together with the principium that is the Brain it is therefore very apt to excite and cause a Convulsion of the nerves and then especially when nothing breatheth forth outwardly the wound of the skin being closed and shut up And indeed the matter exciting a Convulsion doth it sometimes only by its Atrimony and somtimes also by its malignity like as we see the very same to happen in Wounds and strokes and bitings of venemous Creatures Prognostick Now these Convulsions or Convulsive Motions are very dangerous in wounds touching which Hippocrates Sect. 5. Aphor. 2. sayth thus The Convulsion that followeth upon a Wound is Mortal and in the 5. Sect. Aphor. 3. The Convulsion that followeth upon an extraordinary Flux of the blood or a sighing and sobbing upon the same occasion is very evil and dangerous Cure But now as for the manner and method of Curing these Convulsions we have shewed it unto you in our 1 B. Part. 2. Chapt. 28 and there you may see enough hereof And therefore here in this place we shall only give you notice of these things following First of al that in Convulsions and Convulsive Motions that happen unto Wounds whether it be of themselves or by Consent with some other part how and in what manner soever it be we ought to have a special regard unto the Brain spinal Marrow and the Nerves that proceed from these and thereupon we are to anoynt the Neck both before and behind and the whole spinal Marrow with Convenient Medicaments such as we have already mentioned in the place alleadged Caesar Magatus in his first B. Chap. 77. Commendeth this following Take Oyl of Bays of Juniper Wood of Juniper Berryes Mans Fat and Oyl of Earth Worms of each four ounces Oyl of Rosemary flowers Lavender flowers and Sage flowers of each two ounces Oyl of Peter and of Turpentine of each half a pound Oyl of Tile and the oyl of Been of each three ounces and an half Myrrh Frankincense Ladanum Benzoin and Gum Juniper of each three ounces Oyl of Cinamom