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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07363	The generall historie of Spaine containing all the memorable things that haue past in the realmes of Castille, Leon, Nauarre, Arragon, Portugall, Granado, &c. and by what meanes they were vnited, and so continue vnder Philip the third, King of Spaine, now raigning; written in French by Levvis de Mayerne Turquet, vnto the yeare 1583: translated into English, and continued vnto these times by Edvvard Grimeston, Esquire.; Histoire generale d'Espagne. English	Mayerne, Louis Turquet de, d. 1618.; Grimeston, Edward.	1612 (1612)	STC 17747; ESTC S114485	2,414,018	1,530

ancient Mentiça an Episcopal seate in the Goths time The same dignitie was restored and the Mesguide made a Cathedrall church by the king D. Fernand in the yeare 1243. who continued there eight moneths for that it had beene taken in Winter and for that it did behooue him to giue order for many things for the preseruation of his new conquests in that countrie as also for the distrust hee might haue of the King of Granado his new ally whom notwithstanding he had no cause to doubt beeing very faithfull From Iaen he came to Cordoua where he was aduised to assayle Carmona whither king Mahomad came to serue him with fiue hundred Genets Hauing spoyled the countrie the two Kings came against Alcala of Guadajaira which place by the king of Granados meanes yeelded from thence certaine fore-runners were sent to a place called Axarafe of Seuile beeing led by the Master of the Knights of Saint Iames and others vnder the conduct of the King of Granado and the Master of the Knights of Calatraua were sent towards Xeres The King beeing in the mean time at Guadajaira he had newes of the death of D. Berenguela his mother whereat he was much grieued so as the warre of Seuile grew somewhat cold yet he was so farre imbarked as he durst not abandon the fronter to come into Castile The king of Granado had leaue to returne into his country the King Don Fernand remaining very well satisfied of him Whilest matters passed thus in Castile Portugal all was in combustion in Portugal by the negligence and basenesse of the king Don Sancho Capello who was wholly giuen to his wiues humors beeing hated of the Portugals and he himselfe disliked for her sake for many malefactors and insolent persons were supported by her who grew daily more audacious in their excesse without any feare of Iustice which was troden vnder foote for their respect For these considerations the Queene beeing also barren all the Noblemen of the kingdome desired to haue this woman separated and sent out of Portugall for the effecting whereof they made great instance at Rome but neither exhortation admonition commandement nor censure could preuaile for the King did so doat of D. Mencia Lopes as hee would not leaue her which the Portugals perceiuing some of them presumed to seaze on her in the citty of Coimbra Queene of ●ortugal 〈…〉 his subiects for her insol●n●ies conducted her into Gallicia from whence she neuer returned more into Portugall Not content herewith as excesse and insolencies were familiar and ordinarie among them laying aside all respect and reuerence which they ought vnto their Prince they sought to depose him from the royall dignitie whereby it appeared that the whole subiect of the troubles did not consist in the Queene Donna Meu●ia but in their ambition and priuate desseignes for their chiefe desire was to haue Don Alphonso the Kings brother who was married to Matilda Countesse of Bologne and liued in Picardy aduanced to the royall throne in his place The newes of these tumults beeing published in Arragon Don Pedro Intant of Portugal who was Earle of Vrgel and Lord of Segorue intreated the King Don Iaime to send Ambassadours into Portugall to perswade the Noblemen and States of the Countrie to receiue him for Gouernour as a Prince of Portugall who beeing affected to the good and quiet of the Countrey would order the affaires to euery mans liking and content The which the king Don Iaime did but it was in vaine for most of the Portugalls were so affected to the Earle of Bologne as the Ambassadours of Arragon were forced to returne suddenly It was therefore resolued that the Earle Don Alphonso should be called and to the end that matters might passe with some colour of Iustice and lawfull Order D Alphonso called to be 〈…〉 Por●●gal they sent the Arch-bishop of Braga the Bishop of Coimbra with some Noble-men of the Countrey to Pope Innocent the fourth who had begunne a Councell at Lions who did authorize this fact of the Estates by his Apostolicke power and named Don Alphonso Earle of Bologne Regent of Portugall leauing the title of King to his brother Don Sancho Capello Some write that the Earle came to Lions to kisse the Popes foote and accepted from his hands the charge of Gouernor of Portugal D. Sancho king of Portugal abandons his realme in Iretires into ●astile and afterwards at Paris he sware the Articles and capitulations which were made in that behalfe from whence he went into Portugall with the Popes Briefes where he was receiued by the subiects but not by D. Sancho who would not obey the Popes commandement but retired into Castile The Authors do not agree well about the time of this retreate some saying that it was during the raigne of Don Fernand others attribute it to the time of D. Alphonso his sonne which is the most likely wherefore continuing to treate of the affaires of Castile in D. Fernands time we will afterwards returne to the Estate of Portugal The yeare 1245. was the last of the life of Don Roderigo Ximenes Arch-bishop of Toledo Cast●le 1245. a Prelate of great esteeme among the Spaniards He dyed in his returne of a voyage from Rome vppon the confines of Castile and Arragon in the Monasterie called Our Lady of Huerta or Horta where he was interred famous for his doctrine good life great experience and rare eloquence according to the time and especially for his hatred against the name of the Mahumetists and Moores to whom hee made warre with all his power spirit body and wealth he was a fauourer of the rents and priuiledges of the Clergie the which he did much augment in Spaine especially in his owne Sea and built and peopled many places which had beene ruined Don Iohn the second succeeded him in the Arch-bishopricke of Toledo Primacie of Spaine and Chancelorship of Castile About the end of Don Roderigo Ximenes dayes mention is made of a Booke found by a Iew in a stone Booke sound in Spaine in the which it was contained without any shew of ioyning together it was written in three languages Hebrew Greeke and Latin the which made mention of three worlds from Adam vnto Antichrist shewing the nature and disposition of the men of either world and in the beginning of the discourse of the third world it contained that the Sonne of God should be borne of Virgin and suffer for the saluation of mankind and the which seemed more then wonderfull it was written in this booke that it should be found during the raigne of Don Fernand. Whether this were a thing done of purpose or accidentall by this strange inuention rather then for that which the Booke contained this Iew was mooued to become a Christian at Toledo for hee might haue learned the comming of the Sonne of God in Isay and other bookes of the old Testament and in the Gospell if he would haue read them In Segobia there

which were violent and ill instructed They say that Iustus Archbishop of Toledo was strangled in his bed by some of his owne Clergie he was a man without modestie and so violent in his actions as before his death his sences failed him King Sisenand died nineteene dayes after the Archbishop Iustus hauing raigned about six yeares The Gothes lawes and ordinance in Spaine were also reformed in this kings time with the authoritie of the Councell aboue mentioned in the which was receiued the razing of Clergie mens haire in manner of a crowne 22. Cinthilla 33 CInthilla raigned after Sisenand Ann. 637. in the first yeare of whose raigne the fift Councell was held at Toledo 5 Councell of Toledo Eugenius the Archbishop of that place presiding where there assembled 24 bishops among the which the vertue and doctrine of Braule bishop of Sarragosse was famous Eugenius was also learned especially in Astrologie The same yeare Isidorus Archbishop of Seuille died of whom the Spaniards make great esteeme for his sanctitie and learning and for the number of bookes which he hath written The yere following there was another Councell held at Toledo whither came 44 bishops 6 Councell of Toledo and six suffraganes or vicars being in all as some write 52 where Eugenius did also preside There was a perpetual law imposed vpon the kings of Spaine A violent decree of the sixt Councell of Toledo not to suffer any one to liue within their dominions that was not a Catholike the which their kings should solemnely sweare before they were crowned and if any king should goe against that law which he had thus sworne he should be excommunicate and accursed Thus did those reuerend Fathers labour to draw the sick and languishing to their saluation after the example of our Sauiour Iesus Christ and his Apostles Cinthilla dyed the fourth yeare of his raigne 23. Tulca 34 AFter him Tulca was chosen king Anno 641. endowed with all the vertues requisit for a prince but he died the second yeare of his raigne as the Spaniards write but Sigebert saith that the Visigothes did reject him for his lightnesse and youth and that hee was made a Clergie man 24. Cindasiunthe and his sonne 35 CIndasiunthe tooke the place of Tulca and raigned six yeares alone ouer the Gothes Anno 742. and foure yeares and seuen moneths with his sonne Flauius Reccesiunthe The bishops of Rome were now inthronized in their Primat began to force obedience throughout all Christendome Popes Pri●●●● no lesse from princes and kings than from their fellow bishops wherefore to settle the Primat in Spaine they were forced to haue a Bull and permission from Pope Theodore the first or Martin the first then raigning by the which this primacie was referred to the election of the bishops of that prouince Vntill that time the Archbishop of Seuille had held this ranke rather of honour than of power but it falling out that Theodisque the Archbishop a Grecian borne a man more learned in the tongues than religous seeing himselfe pursued by the other bishops and prelats of Spaine being accused to haue corrupted the workes of Isidorus who was held a Saint and therefore deposed from his Archbishopricke in open Councell he was so transported as hauing abandoned the Christian religion he retired himselfe into Africke with the Mahumetists the Primacie of Spaine was then transferred from Seuille to Toledo Seuille yields the Primacie to Toledo whereas the seuenth Synode was celebrated by fortie bishops the fift yeare of the raigne of Cindasiunthe when as he receiued his sonne for a companion and assistant in the gouernment of his estate 7 Councell at Toledo seeking thereby to make the kingdome of the Gothes hereditarie This young prince was held verie deuout and studious of diuinitie but aboue all things he was curious to build and inrich churches During their raigne there liued another Eugenius successour to the Archbishop of Toledo aboue mentioned famous for his sanctitie of life and doctrine aduanced by force by the king to the Archbishopricke King Cindasiunthe dyed of poyson as some beleeue hauing raigned ten yeares or thereabouts he and his wife are interred in the monasterie of S. Romane at this day called Hormisga betwixt Toro and Tordesillas vpon the riuer of Duero 25. Reccesiunthe 36 REccesiunthe his sonne Ann. 652. raigned alone and soone after his fathers decease there was a Councell held at Toledo of eight and fortie bishops and ten vicars of such as had lawfull lets and could not come 8 Councell of Toledo there were some abbots and many earles and dukes did assist there In those times earles were of greater dignitie than dukes In this Councell being the eight it was decreed That they should abstaine from eating flesh in Lent without leaue in cases of ineuitable necessitie vpon paine of excommunication and not to eat any flesh in a yeare after so much they did regard these accessaries of religion confirming and amplifying in the meane time their authoritie with the people In Lusitania certaine lewd and cruell persons sought to rauish a virgine called Irene Irene a chast virgine against whom she made such resistance as being impatient in their damnable lust they slew her and cast her into the riuer of Nabanin Her bodie was carried to the towne of Salabis the which changed the name and is called Saint Irene an argument of great sanctitie seeing she preferred her chastitie before her life The chiefe of these lustfull murtherers was called Britaud Portamius Archbishop of Bracar Decree of the 9 Councell of Toledo was not so vertuous for the celibate of Clergie men being then in request and the children begotten by them declared incapable to inherit their fathers goods and were deliuered for slaues to churches by the ninth Councell held at Toledo in the seuenth yeare of Reccesiunthe he fell to be loose of life yet hee did acknowledge it openly in the Councell following held at Toledo which was the tenth and did willingly resigne his Archbishopricke to whom Fructuosus succeeded a man of a noble familie being then bishop of Dume the founder of many monasteries and chappels The eight yeare of the raigne of Reccesiunthe Spaine was much terrified for that there appeared starres in the firmament at noone day and the Sunne was ecclipsed There came two heretikes Heretikes HeluidianS called Theude and Pelagius out of Gothike Gaule into Spaine who denied the perpetuall virginitie of Marie the mother of our Sauiour renewing the heresie of Heluidius the which were confuted by Alphonsus nephew and successour to Eugenius in the Archbishopricke of Toledo who wrot a booke vpon that argument Whereupon the Spaniards say that the virgine Marie appeared vnto him and to this apparition they adde the gift of a cope to weare when he should say Masse the which they affirme is kept at Toledo or at Ouiedo but they know not well at which of these two places it remaines

little wherefore Pope Innocent the third was forced at the sute and instance of the Estates of Arragon and Cattelogne to send a Cardinall called Peter of Beneuent into Languedoc to whome the young king was deliuered and led by him into his Countrie where hee was receiued and crowned at Monçon and then tooke and receiued the oath at Lerida It was ordayned in these assemblies of Monçon and Lerida that Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon should gouerne the realme during the kings minoritie but they gaue him limitation The kings person was recommended to Friar William of Monredon VVillyam of Monredon and Raymond of Pegnafort or Roch●fort Gouernors of the kings person Master of the Templers to whom was giuen for an Assistant Friar Raymond of Pegnafort a Castellan he that compiled the books of the Decretals and did write arguments in cases of conscience whereof there shall be more ample mention made Don Sancho Earle of Rossillon of a Regent became a tyrant and did in time much trouble the king Don Iames. These things past in this manner in Arragon the yeare after the victory of Muradal or Tholousa In Nauarre Nauarre Pampelone in sedition the king D. Sancho the Strong at his returne from Castile found great disorders and mutinies among his subiects especially in the citty of Pampelone which grew by the young maydens of the towne who had iniuried one another and as oftentimes a small coale kindles a great fire which burnes a house yea a whole cittie so these petty brabbles made all the Inhabitants fall into factions those of the Bourg of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel to defend the female kind fell to blowes and murthers the which could not be preuented in the Kings absence who by his presence pacified and reconciled them for a time but beeing afterwards retired to his castell of Tudele where he would not see any man by reason that the incurable griefe in his foot increased daily the young men of Pampelone reuiued their insolencies and quarrels so as one day those of Saint Sernin and Saint Michel falling to armes their fury and rage was such as there were aboue 800. slaine vpon the place both men wiues and virgins and many houses were burnt such was their furious rage one against another the which caused the King Don Sancho to leaue his voluntarie prison to pacifie it as he did 39 Among other remedies which might serue hereafter hee found that peace could not continue long among a people where there was a multitude of idle youth and that of necessitie there must grow daily quarrels among them if there were not meanes found out to employ them Seeing then that his subiects were giuen to armes more then to any other exercise he resolued seeing there was no warre with his neighbors to make a garrison vpon the Moores frontiers whether the young men of the countrie should be sent to be trained vp in martiall discipline and to practise armes honorably against the enemies of Christ for this cause he intreated the king D. Iames or those which did then gouerne his Realme of Arragon to sell him the fruites and possession of the townes of Ademus Castel●abib Ferreta Ferrelon and Calamator for his life to make them a schole for armes the which hee obtained confirming also by the same mediators the peace which had beene concluded betwixt the kings Don Sancho and Don Pedro some yeares before the which began to be troubled betwixt these two estates D. Alphonso king of Castille Castile Exploits against the Moores hauing suffered his soldiers to rest some time in their houses drew his army againe together in the yeare 1213. and recouered the Castell of Duegnas which herestored to the Order of Calatraua he also tooke the Castle of Ezna Vexor the which the gaue to the Order of Saint Iames from thence hee came and planted his campe before the towne of Alcarras seated vpon a very high and rough part of the mountaine called Sierra Morena the which hee tooke without any great difficulty the Moores beeing yet amazed at the defeate they had the yeare before and then hauing seazed vppon many other places with the like ease hee returned to Toledo where the Queenes D. Elenor his wife and D. Berenguela his daughter with the Infant Don Henry attended him There was a great famine that yeare in Spaine when as Don Roderigo Ximenes the Arch-bishop did much good by his preaching perswading the rich to releeue the poore for which consideration the King did afterwards giue many places to him and his successors Arch-bishops the which did much augment the reuenues of that Sea honouring moreouer the sayd Don Roderigo and his successors Arch-bishops with the title of High Chancelors of Castile The Kings of Castile and Leon Leon. had beene no very good friends vppon diuers occasions but now lately by reason of the diuorce betwixt the King of Leon and his wife D. Berenguela daughter of Castile the which was partly the cause why the king of Leon was not at the battell of Muradal but this yeare all hatred forgotten the two kings had an interview in the towne of Vailledolit whereas it was agreed that Carpio and Montreall should be restored to the King of Leon vpon condition that he should raze them and that he should make warre against the Moores Reconciliation of the Kings of Castille and Leon. for the execution whereof D. Diego Lopes de Haro was sent to accompany Don Alphonso king of Leon with a good number of souldiers The places beeing ruined the king of Leon went against the Moores of Alcantara vppon the riuer of Tayo on the confines of Portugall the which hee tooke whereas since he did institute an Order of Knights Order of the Kn●ghts of Alcantara like vnto that of Calatraua This king D. Alphonso of Leon is numbred the tenth of that name by them that mingle the kings of Castile and Leon together We haue sayd before that he had two wiues the one was daughter to Don Sancho the first king of Portugall called Donna Theresa of which marriage issued Don Fernand who died before his father Donna Sancha and D. Dulce being afterwards separated by the Popes authoritie for that they were cousins in the third degree he married to his second wife Donna Berenguela daughter to Don Alphonso the Noble king of Castile of whom was borne Don Fernand who was King of Castile and Leon and Don Alphonso who came to be Lord of Molina Gentalogie of Leon. and had moreouer two daughters by this Lady Donna Constance a Nunne in las Huelgas of Burgos and Donna Berenguela who married with the Earle Iohn de Brenne whom they termed king of Ierusalem This second marriage was also dissolued for that Donna Berenguela was daughter to her husbands cousin●germaine therefore Don Alphonso had a friend which brought him a bastard called Don Roderigo Alphonso of Leon. After the taking of Alcantara Castile Don Diego

the kings Councel Resolution in Spaine touching the gouernment of the Low Countries which was That the king would not come among them but that the duke of Alba should be sent with a great armie to enter the countrey in hostile manner as you shall heare in the following yeare King Philip was doubtfull indeed whether he should goe in person into the Netherlands but he knew not well to whom to leaue the gouernement of Spaine in his absence being due to D. Charles his sonne whom he trusted not Charles prince of Spaine vnpleasing to his father for whether it were for want of vnderstanding as the brute was or that he had too much as hee presumed his father had conceiued a bad opinion of him which some of his Counsellours did feed for that it seemed vnto them that this young prince both in his words and actions did scorne them or at the least did not esteeme them as they desired Aboue all the Inquisitors were no friends vnto him as you shall heare 2 Whilest they consulted in the king of Spaines Councel how to punish the Netherlanders Tumult made in Spaine by the Moores of Granado the Moores of Granado were called in question being pursued by the Clergie and accused of many crimes especially of secret impietie as retaining in their hearts the precepts of the law of Mahomet hauing their exercises secretly in their houses althogh that publikely they aduowed themselues to be Christians went to Masse and to other offices and ceremonies in the parishes where they dwelt Their spleene was chiefly against the inhabitants of the Albaizin which is a quarter within the citie of Granado being then peopled with a great number of families of that nation who were rich and well accommodated being people which imploied their time in the trade of marchandise in making of silkes and in many gainfull trades and among them there were some knights professing nobilitie and armes Moreouer in other towns and in the countrey and mountaines of Granado and thereabouts there were aboue an hundred thousand other families of Moores of diuers conditions some rich but most labourers and shepheards liuing vnder the protection of lords which enjoyed the castles fees and seigniories to whom they paied rents dueties as subiects descending from them that remained in the countrey since the realme of Granado had beene conquered by the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella who had promised in capitulating with the last king of the Moores That they and their successors might remaine there with all assurance and libertie and not be forced in their religion obseruing the lawes in generall and paying the rights and tributes to the king like to his other subiects yet the same kings breaking their promise by the persuasion of some Prelats they would force them to be baptised and receiue instruction in religion by reason whereof they fell againe to warre against them that dwelt in Alpuxarra a mountaine countrie rough and of hard accesse joyning vnto the sea the which after many hard incounters with diuers euents on either side was ended by another cōposition by the which it was concluded That they that would be Christians should remaine in the countrey and the rest should passe into Barbarie whom they should furnish with shipping for their passage They that remained were called Madejares and they that passed were tearmed Moores Andaluzes by the inhabitants of the prouinces depending vpon the realmes of Fez and Marroc whither they retired themselues Notwithstanding howsoeuer the Moores which remained in Spaine behaued themselues they were still hated Moores ill i●treated in Spaine and held to be vile and abiect persons by the Spaniards who called them in reproach New Christians and in stead of making them receiue the religion of Iesus Christ gently they tormented them both in word and deed which the magistrat could not remedie or it may be would not for the Clergie who are exempt from aunswering before any ciuile magistrat and haue their justice apart being wonderfully fauoured in Spaine were they that committed the greatest insolencies against them yea these poore wretches were continually troubled to giue an account vnto the Inquisitors of their actions and to vse all meanes possible to obtaine some rest of them that were ordinarily in the countrey But their superiours and the Prelats which were of the Councell at Court gaue them no rest so as since the time of D. Ioane the Emperours mother queene proprietarie of Castille Arragon c. and the Emperours raigne there had many seuere Edicts beene made against them and strange restraints in their conuersations and manner of liuing whereof notwithstanding they had suspended the execution at their humble suit and protestation of their innocencies purging themselues reasonably well of all the imputations wherewith they were by them charged At this time in the kings Court and Councel all the old accusations against the Moors were reuiued and to set an order to the content of the Inquisition and the Prelats which pursued them Commissioners appointed to order the Moores there had beene Commissioners deputed which were D. Diego d'Espinosa President of the Councell who was afterwards made a cardinall D. Fernando Aluares de Toledo duke of Alba D. Anthonie de Toledo Prior of the Order of S. Iohn D. Bernard de Borea Vicechauncellor of Arragon the bishop of Origuela D. Pedro of Desa of the Councell of the generall Inquisition the Licenciat Mechaca and Doctor Velasco Auditors Edict against the Moores Mudeiares or Councellors These hauing met made an Edict containing many articles wherof the chiefe were That all Moors new Christians were commanded to leaue their Arabike or Moorish tongue and to vse the Spanish and therefore they should send their children to schooles which should be erected for the vulgar Spanish tongue and to the masters which should be appointed to teach them That they should keep no books written in the Arabike tongue in their houses That they with their wiues children shold be bound to assist at seruice in their parish churches on Sundayes and other festiuall dayes celebrated by the Church That on Friday Saturday and Sunday they should keepe their doores open in the day time and to a certaine houre of the night and suffer them to enter to see what they did That they should keepe no other armes but their swords and if any were suffered through fauour to haue any they should be markt by the gouernours That all Moores men and women of what age and condition soeuer should leaue their Moorish habits and attire which they had been accustomed to vse and attire themselues like other Spaniards That they should leaue off the vse of bathes after their manner and their Moorish daunces which were vndecent lasciuious and scandalous to Christians That the Moores residing in the Albaizin should not flie into the villages and jurisdictions of other lords for thereby the decrees of justice were made void There were other articles

King of Castle and 〈◊〉 escaped from his prison of Langa slipping downe by a roape tied with many knots The Ambassadors of the two Kings being met it was concluded that the Admirall and the Earle of Castro should returne into Castile to whom and to D. Henry their goods should be restored Iohn of Tabor de Luna should bee restored and D. Alphonso of Arragon put againe in possession of the Maistership of the Calatraua the which D. Pedro Giron held against whom the King and all others would aide and support D. Alphonso if he would not leaue it These matters agreed vpon were partly effected for D. Pedro Giron being in possession of the places which belonged to the maistership and well assisted and followed was the stronger In Guipuscoa they of the towne of Montdragon being not yet well pleased with D. Bertrand of Gueuara Houses of strength retreats for theenes rained in Gaipuscoa did ruine by a Conuocation of the Commons and the Kings permission the tower and strong house of this Knight which was in a medow called Caldiybar which is to say the valley of horses whether many theeues and bandoliers retired themselues whereby the towne was much damnified and D. Bertrand was condemned in a thousand florins of gold for their paines that were there assembled The like was done vnto an other house belonging vnto the said Bertrand neere vnto the towne of Salines two leagues from Montdragon Many of Pedro Sarmientos souldiars being laied hold on in diuers parts of Castile they were executed yea a Gonner who had shot at the herauld which the King had sent to summon the city of Toledo who was drawne and quartered In the yeere 1451. Queene Isabella was deliuered of a daughter at Madrigal who was also named Isabel Birth of the Iusanta D. Isabella who was Queene of Castile and Arragon shee was Queene by inheritance of Castile and Leon and wife to D. Fernand King of Arragon a Princesse indowed with great vertues The accord made betwixt the King of Castile and the Noblemen did not hold long for the Prince D. Henry had his priuate opinions supporting D. Pedro Giron Maister of the Calatraua against D. Alphonso of Arragon which made his attempts to returne into the Maistership vaine D. Pedro at the instigation of the Toledans seized vpon Torrijos and Orgas places belonging to D. Alphonso of Guzman chiefe Marshal of Seuile The Admirall and the Earle of Castro finding no safety for their persons in Castile returned into Nauarre and the rather for that they performed little of many things which they had promised them The Prince D. Henry caused the Earle of Alba and D. Pedro of Quignones to be conducted to the castle of Toledo commanding they should bee well kept for whole deliuery the people of Toledo being turbulent made great stirres but without effect yet within few daies hee deliuered D. Pedro of Quignones making him to sweare that he would follow him and serue him well and faithfully for they prepared to make warre against Nauarre causing him to promise to imploy himselfe to draw the Admirall and the Earle of Benauent to his seruice who had either of them married a sister of D. Pedros The Court being at Zamora the King propounded to his Councell in the presence of the great men of Castile an accusation against Pedro Sarmiento who was by the aduice of them all condemned as a rebell and guilty of high treason which sentence being confirmed by the Pope they did confiscate all his goods and they did seize to the Kings vse vpon Salinas of Agnana Ocio Pont Lara and other places of his in Guipuscoa Alaua Biscay and elsewhere in Castile From Zamora the King came to Toledo being at it seemed in good termes with the Prince his sonne to goe and make warre against the King of Nauarre giuing the Gouernment of that city to the Constastable who at his departure left D. Lewis de la Cerde one of his breeding vp there and did accompany the Prince who marched towards the frontiers of Nauarre The Castillan army entred into Nauarre by Viana which they could not force the King of Nauarre hauing well furnished and fortefied the places of the frontier and therefore they past to Torralba Nauarre where the garrison making a furious sally vpon the Castillans had almost put them in disorder and to flight D. Iohn of Beaumont prior of Saint Iohn in the realme of Nauarre being Gouernor in Torralba Finally he defended it so well as they left it and going through the territory of Berrueça they went and beseeged Estella whereas Lope of Baquedan was Gouernour for the King of Nauarre There the King of Castile came and ioyned with the Prince his sonne bringing a great power with him It is likely that the castle of Buradon was taken and razed at this voiage whereat the Prince D. Charles who with the royall councell gouerned the realme in the absence of the King his father was so greeued beeing the best fort of Nauarre as hee held the whole realme to be lost Deuice of two grey-bounds gnawing of a bone carried by the Prince of Nauarre and they say that as one out of hope hee tooke a deuice of two grey-hounds gnawing of a bone signifying that the realme of Nauarre figured by the bone is scituated betwixt Castile and France and that the Kings of these realmes which were the two grey-hounds did either of them deuour of his side The city of Estella being furiously battred and assaulted the Prince D. Charles was of opinion to goe and speake with the King and Prince in their campe hauing therefore obtained a pasport he was courteously receiued by them and his well-spoken reasons so fauourably heard as they were in a manner forced by his modesty and good behauiour to raise the seege the which a great army could hardly haue done so great force hath vertue which is fashioned by good education in a Noble disposition and in truth there was not to bee found according to the report of Authors in that age a more generous Prince nor better taught then D. Charles of Nauar for besides the naturall guifts of beauty mildnesse affability to al men and greatnesse of courrage at need he was learned in the Scriptures which gouerned his maners Vertues of D. Charles Prince of Nauarre hauing also the knowledge of many good commendable sciences by the which he was admirable in his life time and famous after his death Hee loued poesie hee was well read in Histories and a subtill Philosopher for his young yeeres so as he translated Aristotles Ethikes into the Castillan tongue turned into Latin by Leonard Aretin who florished at that time wherein hee shewed great dexteritie and iudgement treating of that subiect in such fit termes as without all doubt Aristotle hath not written better in Greeke VVritings of Prince Charls nor Aretin so wel in his traduction in Latin this book was dedicated by him

to his vncle D. Alphonso King of Arragon Moreouer hee did write a breefe Chronicle of the Kings of Nauarre his Progenitors beginning with the most ancient time vnto King D. Inigo Arista and from thence hath continued the History vnto the reigne of King Charles his Grandfather which Chronicle is to bee found at this day in written hand but full of errors made by them that haue coppied it for it was neuer printed He did also write some verses imploying the time which he could spare in the gouernment of the realme in these honest exercises so as this Prince was cherished beloued and blest of euery man but of his own father of whom he demanded the realme of Nauarre being his mothers Inheritance which bred him great troubles and aduersity wherein he made proofe of his courrage and singular patience the which was better knowne and lamented after his death The King of Castile and the Prince his sonne hauing raised his seege from before Estella Castille left Nauarre without doing any other harme and returned to Burgos from whēce soone after they led an army against Palençuela whereas D. Alphonso Henriques the Constables sonne had fortefied himselfe and committed infinite spoiles round about The seege beeing before this place the Constable going neere the walles to view the scituation thereof a seruant of the Admirals called Fernand Tremigno sallied out of the towne with thirty men well armed who came and charged the Constable and them that were with him beeing vnarmed so sodainely as they put them all in daunger of their liues The Constable charged and in danger to bee slaine It behoued the Constable to shew his resolution who like a valiant and hardy Knight as in deed hee was with his rapier and cloake made head against this troupe and the rest by his example putting themselues also in defence endured the charge vntill that succors came vnto them from the next lodging of the army which made the enemies to turne head and retire towards the towne with some losse the which yeelded afterwards vpon composition From thence the King went vnto Madrigall where hee had newes that the affaires vpon the Moores frontier succeeded verie well King Mahumet Aben Ozmen Moores called Coxo that is to say the Halting had made offer to the King of Nauarre to fauour his quarrels promising that when he should inuest Castile by Nauarre and Arragon he would enter by Andalusia and assaile the city of Cordoua with all the power of his realme This Moore hearing afterwards that there had beene some accord made betwixt the Christian Princes did not forbeare to make warre on his part withall violence Moores defeated neere vnto Arcos sending troupes of horse and foot diuers waies to spoile whereof a band of six hundred horse and eight hundred foot were incountred nere vnto Arcos by D. Iohn Ponce de Leon Earle of Arcos who made a notable slaughter This Nobleman beeing somewhat sickly in Marchena had beene aduertised of the disorder which these spoilers caused by a Christian renegado sometimes called Benedict of Chincilla and then he was named Monfarres wherevpon drawing together about 300. horse and 600. foot he went that way being led by his spy where hauing marcht foureteene leagues that day and night he came the next day where the Moores were who expected him not who hauing put their foot-men before to recouer some place of safety the horsemen made head against the Christians and fought long whilest that their foote retired but in the end the Earle of Arcos had the victory there being aboue foure hundred horsemen slaine vpon the place and fiue and fifty taken prisoners with a hundred good horses of seruice The Moores fainted not for this route but within a while after An. 1452. and the same yeere 1452. they entred by Murcia hoping to haue better successe in that country being six hundred horse and fifteene hundred foote who hauing ruined a great part of the country vsing al kinds of cruelty they draue away aboue 40000. head of cattaile great and small and about fifty prisoners whereof D. Alphonso Faiardo being aduertised hee wrate speedily to D. Diego of Ribera Gouernor of Murcia Marshall of the Kings lodging that he should come forth of the city with all that were fit to beare armes the which he did presently and came to Lorca with seuenty horse and fiue hundred foote whereas D. Alphonso Fajardo met him with two hundred horse and 1500. foote with these forces they went to affront the Moores and charged them breaking them three times An other defeat of Moores but they rallied themselues twice againe together yet at the third they were victors with the slaughter of aboue eight hundred of their men and twelue captaines and of Christians there were forty slaine vpon the place and aboue two hundred wounded by which victory the booty was rescued There is no other mention made in our Histories of the deeds of this King Mahumet Aben Ozmen the Lame but that hee was depriued of his Realme by the Infant Aben-Izmael who kept at Malaga being assisted and fauored by the King of Castile but the yeere is not certaine D. Frederic Henriques Admirall of Castile being retired againe to his sonne in law the King of Nauarre for that they kept not the promises made in the aboue mentioned accord Nauarre did also thinke that it was lawfull for him to say that for his part hee would not be bound to performe to the King of Castile that which he had sworne and promised wherefore he led with him Queene Ioane his daughter and deliuered her to the King her husband This married couple being together it was not long before the Queene was with child she remayning at a place called Fresne in Arragon where King Iohn beeing exceeding glad of these newes he caused her to goe into Nauarre there to be deliuered She made her residence in the towne of Sanguesse An. 1453. the remainder of the yeere 1453. and there she applied her selfe with the Prince Don Charles and the Councell of the Realme to the gouernment of the State the King her husband consenting therevnto but it was not very pleasing to many Knights of Nauarre who were affectionate seruants to the Prince namely to the family and faction of Beaumont holding that the authority of a mother in law could neither be good nor proffitable for the Prince nor Realme The time of the Constables punishment did now approch the measure of his villanies being full Castile whereof he himselfe did seeke Iustice by his impudency and vnlymited desire of reuenge He hated D. Pedro of Estuniga Earle of Plaisance deadly and was in like manner hated by him The Constable laid an ambush for this Earle to take him prisoner which was the greatest matter he could doe to be reuenged his mighty enemies for being once taken it was easie for him who had the authority and force of the Realme in his