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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A20049	The history of trauayle in the VVest and East Indies, and other countreys lying eyther way, towardes the fruitfull and ryche Moluccaes As Moscouia, Persia, Arabia, Syria, Ægypte, Ethiopia, Guinea, China in Cathayo, and Giapan: vvith a discourse of the Northwest passage. Gathered in parte, and done into Englyshe by Richarde Eden. Newly set in order, augmented, and finished by Richarde VVilles.; De orbe novo. Decade 1-3. English	Anghiera, Pietro Martire d', 1457-1526.; Eden, Richard, 1521?-1576.; Willes, Richard, fl. 1558-1573.	1577 (1577)	STC 649; ESTC S122069	800,204	966

and Palmaria c. by Iohn Gri●alua his felowes the Iucaians captiuitie and discouery of Florida made by those Spanyardes which Diegus Velasquen sent out of Cuba and Ferd. Cortesius fyrst nauigation wherein he conquered Potanchana in newe Spayne the death of Valdiuia y e execution of Vascus Nunnez king Muteezūa his presentes to Charles the Emperour his bookes letters and superstitions finally the ruine of Hispaniola and vtter decaye thereof if heede shoulde not be taken in tyme. Last of al Gonzalus Ferdinandus Ouedus historie conteineth in .18 seuerall chapters eche one whereof hath his proper title a briefe declaration of the west Indysh nauigation of the metals the which are found in those lately discouered lands of the maners of the people rites customes and cerimonies of the beastes foules byrdes wormes fyshes seas riuers sprynges trees plantes hearbes diuers other thinges that are engendred there both on the land in the water To this haue we added certaine speciall reports of new Spaine or Mexico of Peru ▪ of Rio de la Plata the countrey lying therunto of the lands Laborador Baccalaos with the discoueryng of Florida And thus muche for the fyrst part of this volume The seconde part of this worke appeareth what it is by the title thereof set downe Fol. 230. to wyt a discourse to proue that there is a passage to the Moluccaes by the northwest the whiche presently M. Cap. Furbisher attempteth with certayne reportes of the prouince China in Cathayo where he hath to strike in his voyage and thyrdly of Giapan and other Ilandes by the way The whiche seconde part wherein matter concernyng the northwest is handled is so muche the shorter by how much the fyrst part seemed ouerlong besydes that the particularities of this corner of the worlde are not yet so throughly knowen but that other writers shal doubtlesse in more ample maner employe theyr labour therein after the returne of our northwesterne trauaylers The which I wyshe to be most happie and prosperous as they most valiantly painefully to the renowne of our Englyshe nation do shewe to haue taken it in hande In the thyrd part shal you fynd a discription of the northeasterne frosty seas and kingdomes lying that way as Moscouia Schondia or Denmarke Groenlande Islande Laponia Norway Suecia ▪ or Swethlande Bothnia and Gothlande out of Zeiglerus Paulus Iouius Haiton and Sebastian free lord or Baron of Herbestein with the countreys as well north and northeast beyond Moscouia namely Petzora Iuhra and other prouinces of the Tartars as also the voyages made through Moscouia by the merchauntes of London into Persia conteinyng many speciall thynges woorth the knowledge both of the countrey it self the commodities thereof the manners of the people and the priuiledges graunted vnto our merchauntes by the Sophie or Shaugh the Persian kyng Finally in the fourth part are set downe our merchauntes voyages into Guinea and the other parcelles of Affrike lying towardes the Southeast Lewes Vertomannus nauigations into Egypte Ethiopia Arabia Syria Persia and east India euen to the fruitefull Moluccaes with the prices of drugges and other wares brought from thence Whereto for a conclusion haue we added partly out of Maximilian Transiluanus letter wrytten vnto the Cardinall of Saltzburge and partly out of P. Martyrs other woorkes that famous nauigation made round about the whole world the contention betwixte the Portugales and Spanyardes for the Moluccaes the decydyng thereof by Pope Alexander the syxt and last of all the abridgement of P. Martyrs foure last Decades wherein especially that noble and gloryous conquest of Mexico is wrytten Generally this much of the foure partes of this large volume The lesser parcelles and speciall matter conteyned in eche part you haue so exactely rehearsed in the table of the Decades Fol. 173. and in the resydue of the whole woorke before eche chapter so euidently set downe that any particular table thereof at al the reader greatly needeth not if so be that he be able to remember in what region of the worlde East West North or South that be the which he looketh for Nowe concernyng R. Edens owne doynges syncerely to say what I thynke and curteousely to yeelde hym that due prayse the whiche worthyly these his labours deserue yet not to flatter hym neither where any faulte hath ben committed as hyghly he was to be commended for Englyshyng so straunge so wonderfull so profitable histories as these are nothyng inferior to the bookes of auncient writers far exceedyng the multitude of foolysh commentaries and friuolous translations to to licentiousely vsed in our tyme So may the gentle reader forbeare his ouersyghte in so great a woorke where some Spanyshe prouerbe harsh latine phrase or vncleane speache may seeme hardly Englyshed or any rashe note to shame the texte I woulde excuse hym for translatyng the dayes by the latine names as Fol. 12. Non. April thus At the Nones of Apryll item 3. Idus Octobris thus The thyrd daye of the Ides of October item Fol. 17. tertio Kalend. Maij. thus The thyrd daye before the Kalendes of Maye meanyng in deede the fyfth daye of Apryll the .13 day of October the 29. of Aprill but therein it shoulde seeme that he folowed his owne humor for he obserueth the same phrase of translatyng throughout P. Martyrs whole worke Many of his Englyshe woordes cannot be excused in my opinion for smellyng to much of the Latine as Dominators Fol 5. Ponderouse Fol. 23. Ditionaries Fol. 25. Portentouse Fol. 28. Antiques Fol. 31. despicable Eol 387. Solicitate Fol. 76. obsequiouse Fol. 90. homicide Fol. 390. imbibed Fol. 395. Destructiue Fol. 276. Prodigious Fol. 279. with other such lyke in the steede of Lords weyghtie subiectes wonderfull auncient lowe carefull duetifull manslaughter drunken noysome monstrous c. the which faultes he confesseth in other his owne verses wrytyng thus of hym selfe I haue not for euery worde asked counsayle of eloquent Eliot or Sir Thomas Moore Take it therefore as I haue intended the faultes with fauour may soone be a mended Certayne Preambles here folowe geathered by R. Eden for the better vnderstanding of the whole worke Of the fyrst discoueryng of the west Indies A Certayne Carauel saylyng in the West Ocean about the coastes of Spayne had a forcybly and continuall wynde from the East wherby it was dryuen to a land vnknowen and not described in any map or carde of the sea and was dryuen styl along by the coaste of the same for the space of many dayes vntyll it came to a hauen where in a short tyme the most part of the maryners beyng long before very weake and feble by reason of hunger and trauayll dyed So that onely the Pilot with three or foure other remayned alyue And not only they that dyed dyd not inioye the Indies whiche they fyrst discouered to theyr mysfortune but the resydue also that lyued had in maner as litle fruition of the same not leauyng or at the least

way of Commendator of Aysa captayne vnder your maiestie who this present yeere attempted a viage to the place of the sayd spyces and not only the way is thus muche shortned but also a thyrd parte of the tyme is abbreuiate To conclude therefore if any had hytherto attempted this viage by the sea of Sur to seeke the Ilandes of spyces I am of firme opinion that they shoulde haue been founde long since as doubtlesse they may bee by the reasons of Cosmographie Howe thinges that are of one kynde dyffer in fourme and qualitie accordyng to the nature of the place where they are engendred or grow and of the beastes called Tygers IN the firme lande are founde many terrible beastes which some thinke to bee Tygers Whiche thing neuerthelesse I dare not affirme considering what aucthours do wryte of the lyghtnesse and agilitie of the Tyger wheras this beast being otherwyse in shape very like vnto a Tiger is notwithstandyng very slowe Yet true it is that according to the marueiles of the worlde and differences which naturall thinges haue in dyuers regions vnder heauen and dyuers constellations of the same vnder the which they are created we see that some suche plantes and hearbes as are hurtfull in one countrey are harmelesse and holsome in other regions And byrdes whiche in one prouince are of good taste are in other so vnsauery that they may not bee eaten Men lykewyse whiche in some countreys are blacke are in other places whyte and yet are both these and they men Euen so may it bee that Tygers are lyght in some region as they wryte and may neuerthelesse be slow and heauy in these Indies of your maiestie wherof we speake The sheepe of Arabie drawe their tayles long and bigge on the ground and the Bulles of Egypt haue theyr heare growyng towarde theyr heades yet are those sheepe and these bulles Men in some countreys are hardy and of good courage and in other naturally fearefull and bruityshe All these thinges and many more whiche may bee sayde to this purpose are easie to bee proued and woorthy to bee beleeued of suche as haue read of the lyke in aucthours or traueyled the worlde whereby theyr owne sight may teache them the experience of these thinges whereof I speake It is also manifest that Iucca whereof they make theyr bread in the Ilande of Hispaniola is deadly poyson if it bee eaten greene with the iu●se and yet hath it no such propertie in the firme lande where I haue eaten it many times and found it to be a good fruit The Bats of Spaine although they bite yet are they not venomous but in the firme land many dye that are bytten of them And in this fourme may so many thinges be sayd that tyme shall not suffice to write whereas my intent is only to prooue that this beast may bee a Tyger or of y e kynd of Tygers although it be not of such lightnesse and swiftnesse as are they wherof Plinie other aucthours speake discrybyng it to bee one of the swyftest beastes of the lande and that the ryuer of Tigris for the swyft course thereof was called by that name The fyrst Spanyardes whiche sawe this Tyger in the firme lande dyd so name it Of the kynde of these was that which Don Diego Columbo the Admirall sent your maiestie out of newe Spayne to Toledo Theyr heades are lyke to the heades of Lions or Lionesses but greater the rest of all theyr bodyes and theyr legges are full of blacke spottes one neere vnto an other and diuided with a circumference or fryndge of redde colour shewyng as it were a fayre woorke and correspondent picture about their croopes or hynder partes they haue these spottes byggest and lesse and lesse towarde theyr bellies legges and heades That which was brought to Toledo was young and but litle and by my estimation of the age of three yeeres but in the firme lande there are many founde of greater quantitie for I haue seene some of three spans in height and more then fiue in length They are beastes of great force with strong legges and well armed with nayles and fanges which wee call dogge teeth they are so fierce that in my iudgement no reall Lion of the byggest sort is so strong or fierce Of these there are many found in the firme lande which deuour many of the Indians doe much hurt otherwyse but since the comming of the Christians many haue been kyld with Crossebowes after this maner Assoone as the archer hath knowledge of the haunt of any of these Tigers he goeth searching their trase with his crossebow with a litle hound or begle and not with a greyhounde because this beast would soone kyll any dog that would venter on him When the hounde hath founde the Tyger he runneth about him baying continually and approcheth so neare him snappyng and grynnyng with so quycke fleeyng and returnyng that he heereby so molesteth this fierce beast that hee driueth him to take the next tree at the foote wherof he remaineth styll baying and the Tyger grynnyng and shewyng his teethe whyle in the meane tyme the archer commeth neare and .xii. or xiiii pases of stryketh him with the querell of his crossebowe in the brest and fleeth incontinent leauyng the Tyger in his trauayle for lyfe and death bytyng the tree and eatyng earth for fiercenesse then within the space of two or three houres or the day folowyng the archer returneth thyther and with his dogge fyndeth the place where he lyeth dead In the yeere .1522 I with the other rulers and magistrates of the citie of Sancta Maria Antiqua in Dariena tooke order in our counsayle a rewarde of foure or fyue peeces of golde to bee giuen to euery man that kylled any of these Tygers by reason whereof many were kyld in shorte space both with crossebowes and also with dyuers snares and ingens But to conclude I will not obstinately stand in opinion whether these beastes be Tygers or Panthers or of the number of any other suche beastes of spotted heare or also peraduenture some other newe beast vnknowen to the olde wryters as were many other whereof I haue spoken in this booke Of whiche thyng I doe not greatly marueyle forasmuche as vnto our tyme this great part of the worlde was vnknowen to the antiquitie insomuche that none of the wryters of that age nor yet Pcolome in his Cosmographie or any other since him haue made any mention heereof vntyll the fyrst Admyrall Don Christopher Colonus discouered the same A thing doubtlesse without comparyson muche greater then that which is sayde of Hercules that he fyrst gaue the entrance of the sea Mediterraneum into the Ocean whiche the Grekes coulde neuer doe before him And heereof ryseth the fable that the mountaynes of Calpe and Abila whiche are directly one agaynst an other in the strayght of Gibilterra the one beyng in Spayne and the

nyghtes in sommer season in such colde regions is a great helpe herevnto Cardanus writeth in his booke De Plantis that bramble fearne growe not but in colde regions as doeth wheate in temperate regions and that spices and hot seedes can not growe in colde regions forasmuch as beyng of thynne substaunce they should soone bee mortified extinct by excessiue colde For as he sayeth nothing can concocte rype and attenuate the substance of fruites without the helpe of ayre agreeable to the natures of such thinges as are brought foorth in the same although it may doe this in rootes But in maner all floures are of sweete sauour forasmuch as the moysture that is in them being thynne and but litle is by meane heate soone and easily concocte or made rype Suche also as are soone ry●e are soone rotten accordyng to the prouerbe Plinie although in the .xi. booke of his naturall hystorie Cap. viii he wryteth that hony is geathered of the floures of all trees and settes or plantes except sorell and the hearbe called Chenopode which some call Goose foote yet he affirmeth that it descendeth from the ayre for in the .xii. Chapter of the same booke he wryteth thus This commeth from the ayre at the rysing of certayne starres and especially at the rysyng of Sirius and not before the rysyng of Vergiliae which are the seuen starres called Pleiades in the spryng of the day For then at the mornyng spryng the leaues of trees are founde moist with a fatte dewe Insomuche that suche as haue been abrode vnder the firmament at that tyme haue theyr apparell annoynted with lyquour and the heare of theyr head clammy And whether this bee the swette of heauen or as it were a certayne spettyll of the starres eyther the iuise of the ayre purgyng it selfe I woulde it were pure l●quide simple of his owne nature as it first falleth from aboue But now descendyng so farre and infected not only with suche vncleane vapours and exhalations as it meeteth with by the way but afterwarde also corrupted by the leaues of trees hearbes and floures of sundry tastes and qualities and lykewyse aswell in stomackes of the bees for they vomite it at their mouthes as also by long reseruyng the same in Hiues it neuerthelesse reteyneth a great parte of the heauenly nature c. Agayne in the xiiii Chapter of the same booke he wryteth that in certayne regions towarde the North as in some places of Germanie hony is founde in suche quantitie that there haue been seene hony combes of eyght foote long and blacke in the holow parte By the which woordes of Plinie and by the principles of naturall philosophie it doeth appeare that aboundaunce of hony should chiefly be engendred in suche regions where the heate of sommer is temperate and continuall as well by nyght as by day as it is not in hot regions where the nyghtes be long and colde as is declared in the Decades For lyke as suche thinges as are fyned by continuall heate mouyng and circulation are hyndered by refrigeration or colde as appeareth in the arte of styllyng and hatchyng of egges euen so by the action of temperate and continuall heate without interposition of contrarie and mortifying qualitie crude thinges are in shorte tyme made rype sower made sweete thicke made thinne heauie made lyght grosse made subtyle harde made softe dead made lyuyng and in fine bodyes made spirites as manifestly appeareth in the marueylous woorke of dygestion of lyuyng beastes whereby the finest parte of theyr nouryshment is turned into blood and the finest of that blood conuerted into spirites as the lyke is also seene in the nouryshment of trees plantes and hearbes all other thinges that growe on the grounde all which are moued digested subtiliate attenuate ryped and made sweete by the action of this continuall heate whereof I haue spoken To conclude therefore if hony be eyther the swette of the starres or the iuise of the ayre purgyng it selfe as Plinie wryteth or otherwyse engendred of subtyle and fine vapours rysing from the earth and concocte or digested in the ayre by the sayde continuall and moderate heate it may seeme by good reason that the same should be engendred in sommer season more aboundantly in colde regions then in hot for the causes aforesayde And that it may by aucthoritie and reason more manifestly appeare both that the heate of sommer in colde regions is continuall as I haue sayde and also that the colde in wynter is not there so intollerable to thinhabitauntes of those regions as other doe thynke I haue thought good for the better declaration hereof to adde herevnto what I haue geathered out of the booke of Ziglerus wrytten of the Northe regions Of the North regions and of the moderate and continual heate in colde regions aswell in the nyght as in the day in sommer season Also howe those regions are habitable to thinhabitauntes of the same contrary to the opinion of the olde wryters OF this matter Ziglerus in his booke of the North regions in the description of Scondia wryteth as foloweth We will intreate of this matter not as putting the same in question as did the olde writers nor geathering iudgement deducted of reasons in way of argument forasmuche as we are already more certayne by hystorie that these cold regions are inhabited We will first therfore shew by natural reason and by consideration of the sphere declare howe by the helpe of man and arte colde regions are inhabited without domage or destruction of lyuyng beastes And will first speake of the qualitie of sommer declaryng howe it is there augmented Yet intend I not to comprehende all that may be sayde in this matter but only rehearse suche reasons and similitudes as are most apparent and easie to be vnderstoode In such regions therefore as are extended from the burnt lyne or Equinoctiall towarde the North as much as the sunne ryseth higher ouer them so much are they the more burnt with heat as Affrica bycause it ryseth highest ouer them as they are nearest to the Equinoctial tarying with them so much the shorter tyme causeth shorter dayes with longer colder nyghtes to restore the domage of the day past by reason of the moisture consumed by vapour But in such regions ouer the which the sun ryseth lower as in Sarmatia it remayneth there the longer in the day and causeth so much the shorter and warmer nyghtes as reteynyng warme vapours of the day past which vapours helpe the woorke of the day I speake as I haue founde by experience sayth Vpsalie●sis For I haue felte the sommer nyghtes scarsely tollerable for heate in Gothlande whereas I felte them colde in Rome This benefite of the increase of the day doeth augment so much the more in colde regions as they are nearer the poles and ceaseth not vntyll it come directly ouer the center