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wright_n have_v be_v famous_a all_o the_o world_n over_o where_o navigation_n do_v flourish_v so_o still_o his_o memory_n may_v be_v remember_v and_o every_o leaf_n of_o this_o book_n may_v be_v as_o so_o many_o herald_n to_o proclaim_v the_o worth_n and_o desert_n of_o so_o excellent_a a_o man._n farewell_n joseph_n moxon_n the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o art_n of_o navigation_n as_o it_o be_v call_v though_o it_o have_v now_o be_v in_o use_v some_o thousand_o of_o year_n yet_o how_o far_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n from_o the_o perfection_n which_o be_v and_o be_v to_o be_v desire_v we_o will_v scarce_o believe_v as_o a_o wonder_n that_o a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a commodity_n shall_v no_o more_o be_v seek_v into_o in_o so_o many_o age_n but_o that_o both_o the_o book_n of_o the_o learned_a be_v extant_a to_o testify_v and_o reason_n approve_v by_o often_o trial_n do_v plain_o show_v that_o the_o principal_a mean_n and_o instrument_n this_o art_n use_v have_v be_v thus_o 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for_o find_v the_o distance_n of_o place_n he_o may_v err_v twice_o yea_o thrice_o so_o much_o as_o the_o whole_a distance_n come_v to_o and_o more_o sometime_o in_o those_o northern_a part_n in_o take_v the_o distance_n to_o be_v twice_o thrice_o yea_o four_o time_n great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v 2._o the_o compass_n the_o chief_a instrument_n for_o keep_v the_o courseâ—_n show_v by_o the_o chart_n by_o the_o variation_n neglect_v as_o by_o some_o it_o have_v be_v may_v cause_v you_o err_v a_o whole_a point_n or_o two_o in_o the_o course_n of_o divers_a place_n and_o not_o right_o use_v have_v breed_v much_o confusion_n in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o chart_n in_o lay_v out_o many_o place_n in_o false_a course_n which_o must_v needs_o follow_v when_o the_o chart_n be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o direction_n show_v by_o the_o point_n of_o the_o compass_n without_o abatement_n or_o allowance_n answerable_a to_o the_o variation_n in_o every_o place_n this_o may_v especial_o be_v see_v in_o those_o place_n where_o the_o variation_n be_v great_a as_o upon_o the_o coast_n of_o florida_n nova_n francia_n and_o new-found_a land_n where_o some_o also_o seek_v to_o avoid_v this_o inconvenience_n have_v fall_v into_o another_o as_o ill_a or_o worse_o than_o the_o former_a in_o make_v a_o double_a scale_n of_o latitude_n and_o thus_o one_o error_n as_o a_o fruitful_a mother_n breed_v another_o and_o one_o absurdity_n admit_v draw_v many_o with_o it_o it_o will_v manifest_o appear_v by_o exact_a discourse_n out_o of_o these_o ground_n that_o partly_o through_o the_o false_a projection_n of_o the_o chart_n and_o partly_o through_o neglect_v or_o not_o right_o use_v the_o variation_n of_o the_o compass_n that_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o that_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n be_v in_o many_o place_n much_o like_o a_o inextricable_a labyrinth_n of_o error_n out_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v very_o hard_a for_o a_o man_n easy_o to_o unwind_v himself_o hereto_o accord_v the_o often_o experiment_n and_o usual_a practice_n of_o many_o well_o experience_a and_o judicial_a mariner_n and_o seaman_n of_o our_o time_n who_o confess_v that_o in_o sail_v from_o the_o west_n indies_n to_o the_o azore_n they_o have_v often_o fall_v with_o those_o land_n when_o by_o their_o account_n according_a to_o the_o chart_n they_o shall_v have_v be_v 150_o or_o two_o hundred_o league_n to_o the_o westward_n of_o they_o the_o like_a have_v be_v find_v in_o sail_v from_o the_o azore_n for_o vshent_n as_o i_o have_v also_o partly_o see_v in_o the_o little_a experience_n i_o have_v have_v at_o sea_n where_o we_o be_v come_v within_o sight_n of_o that_o island_n when_o by_o account_n of_o the_o ordinary_a chart_n we_o shall_v have_v be_v fifty_o league_n short_a of_o it_o and_o as_o concern_v the_o course_n from_o place_n to_o place_n i_o have_v observe_v that_o some_o of_o our_o master_n take_v a_o wise_a course_n in_o not_o trust_v to_o those_o course_n which_o be_v show_v by_o their_o chart_n but_o first_o get_v themselves_o into_o the_o height_n or_o parallel_n of_o the_o place_n to_o which_o they_o be_v go_v and_o withal_o know_v assure_o whether_o they_o be_v more_o eastward_o or_o westward_o then_o that_o place_n they_o then_o proceed_v always_o heedful_o keep_v themselves_o under_o that_o parallel_n till_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n desire_v then_o which_o way_n of_o sail_v there_o be_v none_o more_o certain_a and_o infallible_a for_o the_o sure_a find_v of_o the_o place_n assign_v but_o it_o have_v this_o inconvenience_n that_o it_o make_v the_o way_n long_o than_o otherwise_o in_o shall_v be_v if_o the_o straight_a course_n where_o keep_v but_o to_o return_v to_o that_o from_o whence_o we_o have_v a_o little_a digress_v by_o these_o experiment_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o skilful_a mariner_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o
55_o 160_o 401.357_o 537.178_o 251.865.582_o  _fw-fr 56_o 160_o 938.535_o 545.704_o 260.459.920_o 8.594.338_o 57_o 161_o 484.239_o 554.505_o 271_o 919.077_o 11.459.157_o 58_o 162_o 038_o 744_o 563.594_o 289_o 107.811_o 17.188.734_o 59_o 162.602.338_o 572.986_o 323.485.279_o 34.377.468_o chap._n iii_o the_o use_n of_o the_o two_o first_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n for_o graduate_v a_o meridian_n in_o the_o general_a sea-chart_n before_o you_o can_v make_v use_n of_o this_o table_n for_o the_o true_a graduate_n or_o divide_v of_o a_o meridian_n of_o this_o chart_n into_o his_o degree_n or_o other_o part_n of_o latitude_n increase_v from_o the_o aequinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n and_o south_n in_o such_o proportion_n as_o before_o have_v be_v show_v there_o must_v be_v first_o some_o preparation_n make_v to_o that_o end_n which_o may_v be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n overthwart_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o plain_a superficies_n whereupon_o you_o will_v draw_v the_o lineament_n of_o the_o chart_n describe_v a_o right_a line_n represent_v the_o aequinoctial_a circle_n which_o you_o shall_v divide_v into_o 360_o part_n or_o degree_n and_o cross_v the_o same_o squirewise_o with_o right_a line_n by_o every_o five_o or_o ten_o degree_n then_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n the_o length_n of_o half_a the_o aequinoctial_a that_o be_v 180_o degree_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n in_o the_o mutual_a intersection_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o perpendicular_a or_o meridian_n that_o pass_v by_o either_o end_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o other_o foot_n make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o same_o perpendicular_a or_o meridian_n the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o this_o prick_n and_o the_o aequinoctial_a divide_v first_o into_o three_o equal_a part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o other_o three_o so_o have_v you_o nine_o in_o all_o and_o again_o every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o three_o so_o have_v you_o 27_o part_n and_o every_o one_o of_o these_o part_n divide_v into_o four_o so_o have_v you_o 108_o part_n and_o again_o if_o there_o be_v space_n enough_o divide_v every_o one_o of_o these_o into_o 10_o or_o 100_o so_o shall_v you_o have_v 1080_o or_o 10800_o part_n which_o will_v bring_v you_o to_o the_o latitude_n of_o 85_o degree_n and_o something_o more_o but_o if_o you_o will_v make_v your_o chart_n to_o any_o great_a latitude_n you_o shall_v continue_v forth_o the_o foresay_a perpendicular_a and_o divide_v it_o into_o so_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o part_n as_o you_o shall_v find_v needful_a to_o attain_v to_o the_o latitude_n you_o desire_v then_o note_v every_o five_o and_o ten_o part_n with_o black_a lead_n and_o set_v figure_n at_o they_o begin_v at_o the_o aequinoctial_a latitude_n and_o from_o thence_o proceed_v northwards_o and_o southwards_o then_o look_v what_o number_n in_o the_o second_o column_n be_v answerable_a to_o each_o degree_n or_o minute_n in_o the_o first_o column_n of_o 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possible_a by_o any_o rule_n or_o instrument_n of_o navigation_n to_o discover_v any_o sensible_a error_n in_o the_o sea-chart_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v according_a thereto_o the_o figure_n follow_v contain_v only_o one_o part_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a northwards_o because_o the_o other_o part_n from_o the_o aequinoctial_a southwards_o must_v be_v altogether_o like_a and_o equal_a to_o this_o herein_o first_o i_o draw_v the_o aequinoctial_a line_n ac_fw-la and_o divide_v it_o into_o 36_o equal_a part_n whereof_o every_o one_o be_v understand_v to_o contain_v ten_o degree_n and_o i_o raise_v perpendicular_o from_o every_o one_o of_o those_o part_n which_o be_v the_o meridian_n of_o the_o nautical_a planisphaere_n every_o where_o aequidistant_a each_o from_o other_o then_o i_o take_v half_o the_o length_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a with_o the_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o aequinoctial_a 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meridian_n of_o a_o general_a sea-chart_n into_o his_o degree_n and_o other_o small_a part_n of_o latitude_n when_o the_o chart_n have_v not_o so_o great_a latitude_n or_o breadth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south_n as_o have_v the_o figure_n before_o set_v down_o you_o may_v go_v thus_o to_o work_v first_o find_v out_o what_o proportion_n the_o whole_a longitude_n or_o length_n of_o the_o chart_n from_o west_n to_o east_n must_v have_v to_o the_o whole_a breadth_n thereof_o betwixt_o the_o parallel_n of_o the_o most_o northerly_a and_o southerly_a place_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v down_o therein_o which_o may_v be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n out_o of_o the_o second_o column_n of_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n take_v the_o number_n of_o equal_a part_n of_o the_o meridian_n answerable_a to_o the_o great_a north_n and_o south_n latitude_n that_o be_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o chart_n divide_v those_o number_n by_o 600,000_o that_o be_v the_o 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50_o 28_o 15_o 22_o 30_o 28_o 15_o 23_o 46_o 28_o 16_o 51_o 58_o 28_o 17_o 30_o 35_o 29_o 15_o 56_o 12_o 29_o 15_o 53_o 16_o 29_o 16_o 22_o 3_o 29_o 16_o 24_o 19_o 29_o 17_o 53_o 10_o 29_o 18_o 31_o 51_o 30_o 16_o 53_o 46_o 30_o 16_o 51_o 44_o 30_o 17_o 21_o 37_o 30_o 17_o 24_o 53_o 30_o 18_o 54_o 23_o 30_o 19_o 33_o 7_o 31_o 17_o 51_o 21_o 31_o 17_o 50_o 14_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 18_o 25_o 29_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 31_o 20_o 34_o 22_o chap._n xxvi_o the_o use_n of_o these_o ephemerides_n of_o the_o use_n of_o these_o ephemerides_n because_o they_o be_v altogether_o of_o the_o same_o form_n that_o other_o general_o be_v and_o have_v be_v heretofore_o and_o to_o be_v use_v also_o in_o all_o point_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n for_o find_v out_o by_o they_o the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n at_o any_o time_n desire_v for_o so_o many_o year_n as_o they_o serve_v i_o think_v it_o needless_a for_o i_o in_o this_o place_n to_o make_v any_o further_a mention_n it_o be_v my_o purpose_n in_o this_o book_n rather_o to_o make_v supply_n of_o that_o be_v want_v in_o other_o then_o to_o meddle_v with_o that_o which_o be_v by_o they_o sufficient_o handle_v and_o already_o publish_v this_o notwithstanding_o i_o think_v good_a to_o advertise_v the_o reader_n that_o these_o ephemerides_n though_o thâ—y_v be_v make_v for_o five_o year_n only_o yet_o may_v profitable_o serve_v for_o many_o year_n to_o come_v after_o this_o manner_n subtract_v 1612_o out_o of_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n give_v divide_v that_o remain_v by_o four_o if_o any_o thing_n remain_v after_o division_n make_v it_o show_v which_o of_o the_o three_o common_a year_n in_o these_o ephemerides_n answer_v to_o the_o year_n give_v if_o nothing_o remain_v the_o four_o year_n be_v answerable_a to_o the_o year_n give_v then_o seek_v out_o the_o month_n and_o day_n of_o the_o time_n give_v both_o in_o these_o ephemerides_n for_o that_o year_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o their_o equation_n and_o out_o of_o they_o take_v both_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o the_o equation_n answerable_a to_o that_o month_n and_o day_n for_o the_o product_n of_o this_o equation_n by_o the_o quotient_a add_v to_o the_o say_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n if_o the_o number_n of_o the_o year_n give_v be_v more_o than_o 1612_o or_o subtract_v if_o it_o be_v less_o shall_v give_v you_o the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o time_n give_v as_o for_o example_n the_o 1_o of_o july_n 1620_o suppose_v you_o will_v know_v the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n subtract_v therefore_o 1612_o out_o of_o 1620_o the_o remainder_n be_v 8_o which_o be_v divide_v by_o 4_o the_o quotient_n be_v 2_o and_o nothing_o remain_v which_o show_v that_o the_o four_o year_n viz._n 1612_o answer_v to_o the_o year_n give_v also_o the_o say_a month_n and_o day_n seek_v out_o in_o these_o ephemerides_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o their_o equation_n give_v you_o the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n 19_o degr_n 11_o min._n 45_o sec._n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o equation_n 1_o min._n 45_o second_n which_o multiply_v by_o the_o quotient_a 2_o make_v 3_o min._n 30_o sec._n and_o this_o add_v to_o the_o say_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n the_o 1_o of_o july_n 1612_o show_v you_o the_o true_a place_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o time_n give_v to_o be_v 19_o degr_n 15_o min._n and_o 15_o sec._n of_o cancer_n chap_n xxvii_o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n the_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v thus_o easy_o know_v by_o these_o ephemerides_n for_o every_o day_n of_o five_o year_n the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o same_o year_n be_v easy_o find_v out_o of_o the_o former_a table_n of_o the_o declination_n of_o every_o minute_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a in_o such_o sort_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o use_n of_o that_o table_n before_o set_v down_o chap._n 18._o pag._n 116._o and_o 117_o and_o so_o be_v make_v with_o no_o less_o facility_n the_o table_n follow_v of_o the_o sun_n declination_n for_o every_o day_n of_o five_o year_n together_o common_o call_v by_o seaman_n a_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o although_o it_o have_v be_v think_v sufficient_a in_o book_n of_o navigation_n hitherto_o publish_v to_o make_v the_o regiment_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n for_o every_o day_n of_o 4_o year_n begin_v with_o the_o first_o year_n after_o the_o leap_n year_n and_o end_v with_o the_o next_o leap_v year_n because_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o 4_o year_n follow_v have_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v the_o 4_o year_n before_o and_o so_o to_o continue_v alike_o without_o any_o notable_a difference_n for_o many_o year_n yet_o to_o bring_v this_o matter_n to_o some_o more_o certainty_n i_o have_v to_o this_o table_n of_o declination_n prefix_v the_o five_o year_n also_o viz._n the_o leap_n year_n go_v before_o the_o first_o of_o the_o say_v common_a year_n that_o by_o compare_v the_o declination_n of_o both_o leap_n year_n together_o it_o may_v the_o better_o appear_v what_o difference_n of_o declination_n there_o be_v in_o every_o 4_o year_n by_o addition_n or_o subtraction_n of_o which_o difference_n to_o the_o declination_n set_v down_o in_o this_o table_n this_o table_n may_v be_v make_v to_o serve_v for_o a_o great_a many_o year_n yet_o to_o come_v as_o true_o as_o if_o it_o be_v make_v of_o purpose_n for_o they_o and_o for_o the_o more_o easy_a and_o ready_a use_n of_o all_o seaman_n i_o have_v to_o this_o end_n gather_v into_o this_o little_a table_n the_o difference_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n for_o every_o day_n of_o the_o first_o and_o last_o year_n set_v down_o in_o this_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n here_o follow_v which_o difference_n may_v be_v call_v the_o prosthaphaereses_n or_o equation_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n because_o that_o by_o add_v they_o to_o or_o subtract_v they_o from_o the_o declination_n contain_v in_o this_o table_n the_o true_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o any_o day_n though_o many_o year_n hence_o may_v easy_o be_v find_v and_o that_o after_o this_o manner_n out_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n give_v subtract_v 1612_o divide_v the_o remainder_n by_o four_o and_o set_v aside_o the_o quotient_a if_o any_o thing_n remain_v that_o remainder_n show_v in_o which_o of_o the_o 3_o common_a year_n you_o be_v to_o seek_v the_o sun_n declination_n if_o nothing_o remain_v you_o must_v look_v the_o sun_n declination_n in_o the_o four_o and_o last_o year_n which_o be_v leap_v year_n then_o seek_v the_o month_n and_o day_n of_o the_o time_n give_v both_o in_o that_o year_n so_o find_v in_o the_o table_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n and_o also_o in_o this_o little_a table_n of_o prosthaphaereses_n of_o the_o sun_n declination_n here_o immediate_o follow_v take_v out_o of_o that_o the_o sun_n declination_n and_o out_o of_o this_o little_a table_n the_o equation_n of_o that_o declination_n for_o four_o year_n which_o equation_n you_o shall_v multiply_v by_o the_o say_v quotient_a and_o add_v the_o product_n to_o the_o declination_n find_v in_o the_o table_n in_o the_o spring_n and_o autumn_n that_o be_v if_o the_o sun_n be_v in_o aries_n taurus_n gemini_fw-la libra_n scorpio_n or_o sagittarie_a or_o subtract_v it_o in_o summer_n and_o winter_n viz._n the_o sun_n be_v in_o cancer_n leo_n virgo_fw-la capricorn_n aquarie_n or_o pisces_fw-la for_o so_o shall_v you_o have_v the_o sun_n true_a declination_n for_o the_o time_n give_v take_v for_o example_n the_o 15_o of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1630_o out_o of_o this_o subtract_v 1612_o the_o remainder_n be_v 18_o which_o be_v divide_v by_o 4_o the_o quotient_n be_v also_o 4_o and_o 2_o remain_z which_o show_v that_o you_o must_v seek_v the_o sun_n declination_n in_o the_o second_o year_n after_o the_o leap_n year_n for_o the_o month_n and_o day_n aforesaid_a therefore_o i_o find_v the_o sun_n declination_n in_o that_o year_n viz._n 1610_o to_o be_v 1_o degr_n 54_o min._n 16_o sec._n and_o in_o this_o little_a table_n of_o prosthaphaereses_n his_o difference_n of_o declination_n for_o 4_o year_n 44_o sec._n which_o multiply_v by_o the_o foresay_a quotient_n 4_o make_v 2_o min._n 56_o sec._n to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o say_a declination_n 1_o degr_n 54_o min_fw-mi 16_o sec._n that_o so_o you_o may_v have_v the_o true_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o that_o time_n viz._n 1_o degr_n 57_o min._n 12_o sec._n take_v also_o the_o 30_o of_o august_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1659._o out_o