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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
book_n witness_n word_n young_a 13 3 5.4410 4 false
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A50574 The laws and customes of Scotland, in matters criminal wherein is to be seen how the civil law, and the laws and customs of other nations do agree with, and supply ours / by Sir George Mackenzie ... Mackenzie, George, Sir, 1636-1691. 1678 (1678) Wing M166; ESTC R16497 369,303 598

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thou_o and_o believe_v in_o thou_o but_o by_o the_o journal_n book_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o ordinary_a form_n o●_n express_v paction_n confess_v by_o our_o witness_n be_v a_o simple_a promise_n to_o serve_v he_o tacit_fw-la paction_n be_v either_o when_o a_o person_n who_o have_v make_v no_o express_a paction_n use_v the_o word_n or_o sign_n which_o sorcerer_n use_v know_v they_o to_o be_v such_o either_o by_o their_o book_n or_o discourse_n and_o this_o be_v condemn_v as_o sorcery_n can._n 26._o quest_n 5._o and_o be_v relevant_a to_o infer_v the_o crime_n of_o witchcraft_n or_o to_o use_v these_o word_n and_o sign_n though_o the_o user_n know_v they_o not_o to_o be_v such_o and_o this_o be_v no_o crime_n if_o the_o ignorance_n be_v probable_a and_o if_o the_o user_n be_v content_a to_o abstain_v delrio_n lib._n 2._o quest_n 4._o vi_o renounce_v of_o baptism_n be_v by_o delrio_n make_v a_o effect_n of_o paction_n yet_o with_o we_o it_o be_v per_fw-la se_fw-la relevant_a as_o be_v 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have_v no_o dependence_n at_o all_o upon_o the_o mean_v use_v and_o thus_o it_o be_v libel_v against_o margaret_n hutchison_n august_n 20._o 1661._o that_o john_n clark_n wife_n be_v sick_a she_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n side_n when_o all_o the_o door_n and_o window_n be_v fast_o and_o comb_v her_o head_n several_a night_n and_o the_o last_o of_o these_o night_n she_o come_v to_o the_o bed_n side_n and_o put_v her_o hand_n to_o the_o woman_n pape_n whereupon_o the_o child_n die_v which_o article_n be_v find_v relevant_a per_fw-la se._n and_o it_o be_v libel_v against_o janet_n cock_n september_n 7._o 1661._o that_o a_o woman_n call_v spindie_n be_v at_o enmity_n with_o she_o she_o give_v she_o a_o cuff_n whereupon_o spindie_n immediate_o distract_v and_o be_v reprove_v therefore_o by_o the_o minister_n of_o
sine_fw-la juramento_fw-la est_fw-la perjurii_fw-la reus_fw-la nor_o be_v a_o person_n depon_v for_o the_o information_n of_o the_o council_n oblige_v before_o a_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la to_o consider_v what_o she_o be_v depon_v as_o liable_a to_o the_o certification_n of_o perjury_n and_o if_o it_o be_v otherways_o there_o need_v no_o oath_n be_v administrat_fw-la so_o that_o before_o the_o administration_n of_o a_o oath_n the_o deponer_n be_v neither_o a_o witness_n nor_o swear_v can_v neither_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n nor_o false_a witness_v much_o less_o can_v she_o be_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n in_o have_v depone_v false_o which_o be_v a_o complicate_v crime_n make_v up_o of_o perjury_n and_o falsehood_n 3._o she_o be_v but_o one_o single_a witness_n and_o so_o can_v not_o have_v prejudge_v by_o her_o testimony_n the_o person_n against_o who_o she_o depone_v &_o semper_fw-la perpendendum_fw-la est_fw-la damnum_fw-la quod_fw-la ex_fw-la perjurio_fw-la resultat_fw-la 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be_v warrantable_o found_v upon_o the_o act_n of_o q._n m._n which_o punish_v only_a perjury_n commit_v in_o marry_v two_o wife_n but_o no_o other_o species_n of_o perjury_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o as_o to_o the_o first_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o be_v cite_v before_o the_o council_n aught_o to_o have_v depone_v true_o even_o for_o inform_v the_o supreme_a judicatory_a of_o the_o nation_n who_o use_n and_o must_v examine_v woman_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n especial_o in_o such_o atrocious_a and_o occult_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o burn_a of_o the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o though_o the_o defender_n may_v in_o some_o case_n cast_v a_o woman_n from_o be_v witness_n yet_o that_o excuse_n she_o not_o if_o she_o be_v examine_v to_o the_o 2._o lawyer_n be_v clear_a that_o a_o witness_n may_v depon_n without_o be_v swear_v for_o the_o swear_v they_o be_v not_o essential_a since_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi may_v remit_v it_o and_o yet_o the_o witness_n who_o depones_fw-la false_o even_o though_o not_o swear_v be_v a_o false_a witness_n bart._n in_o l._n si_fw-la quis_fw-la ff_n ad_fw-la l._n cornel._n the_o fall_v clar._n h._n t._n num_fw-la 11._o to_o the_o 3._o it_o be_v not_o relevant_a since_o she_o inform_v against_o these_o gentleman_n in_o a_o treasonable_a point_n and_o may_v have_v prejudge_v they_o nor_o do_v her_o retraction_n proceed_v from_o repentance_n but_o confrontation_n nor_o do_v she_o accidental_o only_a or_o by_o confusion_n lapse_n into_o this_o error_n she_o have_v spread_v these_o misreport_n before_o she_o be_v cite_v and_o have_v reiterated_a her_o confession_n after_o citation_n to_o the_o 4._o the_o practice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v oppon_v which_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o law_n and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1615._o grahame_n of_o long-boddom_a and_o in_o anno_fw-la 1622._o turnbul_n of_o belshes_n and_o late_o dempster_n of_o muresk_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n for_o depon_v false_o or_o seduce_v other_o to_o depon_n but_o these_o point_n be_v not_o decide_v vii_o the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v banishment_n l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr crimine_fw-la stellionatus_fw-la &_o fustigatio_fw-la or_o scourge_v l._n si_fw-la duo_fw-la §_o si_fw-la quis_fw-la perjuraverit_fw-la by_o our_o law_n act_n 19_o parl._n 5._o q._n marry_o bigamy_n be_v declare_v punishable_a as_o perjury_n which_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v confiscation_n of_o all_o their_o movable_a good_n ward_n of_o their_o person_n for_o year_n and_o day_n and_o long_o during_o the_o king_n will_v and_o that_o as_o infamous_a person_n they_o shall_v never_o be_v able_a to_o bruik_v office_n honour_n dignity_n nor_o benefice_n in_o time_n come_v as_o to_o which_o act_n it_o be_v observable_a 1._o that_o perjury_n be_v not_o formal_o punishable_a with_o we_o but_o only_o declaratorly_a perjury_n be_v in_o itself_o so_o heinous_a a_o crime_n but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v that_o perjury_n be_v before_o this_o act_n punishable_a after_o this_o manner_n for_o by_o the_o 4._o cap._n lib._n 1._o reg._n maj._n it_o be_v appoint_v that_o temere_fw-la jurantes_fw-la super_fw-la assisa_fw-la spoliabuntur_fw-la mobilibus_fw-la &_o in_fw-la carcerem_fw-la detrudentur_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la &_o diem_fw-la adminus_fw-la &_o infamiae_fw-la notam_fw-la incurrent_a &_o amittent_fw-la legem_fw-la terrae_fw-la which_o skeen_n interpret_v to_o be_v non_fw-fr habère_fw-fr personam_fw-la standi_fw-la in_o judicio_fw-la and_o not_o to_o be_v receivable_a as_o witness_n either_o in_o judicio_fw-la or_o extrajudicium_fw-la which_o act_n be_v likewise_o ratify_v by_o the_o 47._o act_n parl._n 6._o k._n i._n 3._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o wilful_a or_o ignorant_a assizer_n man-swearing_a shall_v be_v punish_v after_o the_o king_n old_a law_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o the_o majesty_n where_o perjury_n be_v to_o be_v infer_v from_o a_o deposition_n either_o as_o party_n or_o witness_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o deposition_n be_v subscribe_v by_o he_o and_o the_o lord_n find_v that_o mr._n james_n row_n can_v not_o be_v convict_v of_o perjury_n upon_o his_o deposition_n subscribe_v by_o the_o clerk_n sometime_o the_o council_n change_v the_o punishment_n of_o perjury_n into_o banishment_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o galbraith_n who_o come_v in_o will_n for_o perjury_n 23._o july_n 1625._o title_n xxx_o of_o injury_n personal_n and_o real_a and_o of_o infamous_a libel_n 1._o injury_n be_v either_o verbal_a or_o real_a 2._o the_o requisit_n in_o libel_v verbal_a injury_n 3._o what_o be_v real_a injury_n 4._o who_o be_v judge_n to_o verbal_a or_o real_a injury_n 5._o infamous_a libel_n how_o punish_v 6._o leasing-maker_n how_o punish_v by_o our_o law_n i_o have_v ofttimes_o think_v that_o man_n shall_v walk_v legal_o not_o only_o in_o obedience_n but_o gratitude_n to_o law_n since_o the_o law_n take_v so_o much_o 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intention_n of_o the_o speaker_n therefore_o except_o the_o word_n can_v allow_v of_o no_o good_a sense_n as_o whore_n or_o thief_n or_o that_o there_o lie_v strong_a presumption_n against_o the_o speaker_n the_o injuriandi_fw-la animus_n the_o design_n of_o injure_v as_o well_o as_o the_o injure_v word_n must_v be_v prove_v and_o the_o speaker_n will_v be_v allow_v to_o purge_v his_o guilt_n by_o declare_v his_o intention_n l._n 5._o §_o octavo_fw-la ff_n de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr and_o his_o declaration_n will_v without_o a_o oath_n be_v sufficient_a except_o the_o offender_n be_v burden_v with_o contrary_a presumption_n berlich_n conclus_fw-la 60._o num_fw-la 18._o lawyer_n therefore_o require_v in_o libel_v injury_n 1._o that_o the_o particular_a expression_n be_v distinct_o condescend_v upon_o nor_o be_v the_o general_a you_o call_v i_o a_o cheat_n or_o say_v some_o such_o thing_n sufficient_a see_v not_o only_a word_n but_o even_o the_o point_n of_o they_o do_v alter_v the_o estimat_fw-la of_o injury_n 2._o the_o pusuer_fw-mi shall_v libel_v the_o design_n of_o injure_v
it_o be_v presumeable_a that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v adject_v at_o the_o beginning_n if_o it_o have_v be_v true_a every_o man_n be_v more_o mindful_a to_o defend_v himself_o then_o to_o confess_v a_o crime_n and_o that_o notwithstanding_o of_o such_o a_o quality_n adject_v ex_fw-la intervalo_fw-la the_o confessor_n may_v be_v punish_v pena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la which_o be_v also_o the_o opinion_n of_o clarus_n quest._n 55._o v._o the_o three_o question_n be_v whether_o a_o confession_n emit_v before_o a_o judge_n who_o be_v not_o competent_a to_o punish_v corporal_o be_v sufficient_a for_o a_o judge_n to_o proceed_v who_o be_v competent_a and_o this_o be_v oft_o controvert_v with_o we_o if_o a_o confession_n or_o probation_n le●_n before_o a_o kirk-session_n be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v repeat_v before_o the_o justice_n and_o the_o council_n be_v consult_v late_o by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o merse_n concern_v a_o man_n who_o have_v confess_v witchcraft_n before_o the_o presbytrie_n they_o will_v not_o decide_v it_o albeit_o lawyer_n who_o be_v member_n of_o the_o council_n and_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o he_o shall_v die_v except_o he_o can_v allege_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o varry_v in_o his_o confession_n but_o this_o be_v against_o a_o receive_a position_n among_o lawyer_n quod_fw-la confessio_fw-la emanata_fw-la coram_fw-la judice_fw-la incompitente_fw-la non_fw-la sufficit_fw-la ad_fw-la condemnandum_fw-la farin_n de_fw-fr reo_fw-la confess_v cap._n 6._o licet_fw-la sufficiat_fw-la ad_fw-la torturam_fw-la &_o habent_fw-la vim_o extrajudicialis_fw-la confessionis_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o the_o foresay_a rule_n be_v that_o the_o confessor_n know_v that_o he_o can_v not_o die_v upon_o that_o confession_n and_o man_n will_v confess_v many_o time_n to_o free_v themselves_o from_o trouble_n or_o evite_v excommunication_n who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v a_o crime_n if_o they_o be_v capital_o accuse_v some_o also_o have_v confess_v to_o kirk-session_n crime_n of_o which_o they_o have_v be_v innocent_a as_o adultery_n for_o obtain_v a_o devorce_n and_o fornication_n to_o obtain_v a_o consent_n of_o the_o father_n and_o whatever_o may_v be_v allege_v against_o extrajudicial_a may_v be_v allege_v against_o confession_n before_o a_o incompetent_a judge_n by_o this_o also_o it_o may_v easy_o appear_v what_o shall_v be_v answer_v to_o another_o question_n which_o differ_v little_a from_o this_o viz._n if_o a_o confession_n of_o a_o crime_n take_v incident_o in_o another_o process_n and_o not_o take_v in_o process_n wherein_o the_o confessor_n be_v pursue_v for_o life_n be_v sufficient_a to_o infer_v death_n the_o lord_n of_o session_n will_v not_o sustain_v a_o confession_n omit_v by_o a_o man_n before_o the_o kirk-session_n ad_fw-la exonerationem_fw-la conscientiae_fw-la to_o operat_fw-la against_o he_o in_o any_o other_o court_n because_o they_o think_v that_o this_o will_v continue_v man_n in_o impenitency_n and_o retard_v their_o repent_v which_o decision_n be_v much_o applaud_v licet_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d vi_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n l._n clarum_fw-la c._n de_fw-fr authoritate_fw-la prestunda_fw-la minor_n accuse_v can_v not_o prejudge_v themselves_o by_o their_o own_o confession_n but_o this_o be_v innovat_fw-la by_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n boer_n decis_fw-la 63._o and_o boss._n tit_n de_fw-fr confessis_fw-la and_o with_o we_o minor_n confess_v crime_n be_v thereupon_o execute_v and_o i_o find_v in_o the_o journal_n book_n instance_n thereof_o in_o very_o young_a person_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v much_o leave_v in_o this_o case_n to_o the_o arbitrariness_n of_o the_o judge_n who_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o crime_n as_o fall_v under_o sense_n as_o murder_n and_o such_o as_o principal_o require_v judgement_n as_o blasphemy_n witchcraft_n etc._n etc._n in_o which_o last_n hardly_o shall_v minor_n be_v punish_v paena_fw-la ordinaria_fw-la upon_o their_o own_o confession_n and_o scarce_o after_o they_o confess_v for_o a_o minor_a be_v presume_v to_o have_v no_o solid_a judgement_n though_o a_o minor_a may_v bind_v a_o crime_n upon_o himself_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n and_o may_v be_v thereupon_o condemn_v and_o execute_v yet_o whether_o he_o may_v revoke_v this_o confession_n and_o be_v repone_v against_o the_o same_o because_o of_o his_o minority_n be_v debate_v the_o 28._o of_o february_n 1676._o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o young_a boy_n call_v kennedy_n and_o that_o he_o may_v be_v repone_v be_v urge_v from_o these_o reason_n 1._o a_o minor_n lubricity_n of_o judgement_n may_v prejudge_v he_o as_o much_o in_o criminal_o as_o in_o civil_a case_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v repone_v against_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o against_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v absurd_a that_o a_o minor_a shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o bind_v himself_o in_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o pound_n scot_n and_o that_o yet_o he_o shall_v by_o his_o confession_n make_v himself_o liable_a to_o death_n 2._o lawyer_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o a_o minor_a may_v revoke_v a_o criminal_a confession_n l._n 4._o c._n de_fw-fr authoritat_fw-la prestand_v clar._n quest_n 53._o and_o gomez_n give_v a_o instance_n of_o a_o minor_n be_v repone_v against_o the_o confession_n of_o incest_n 3._o in_o this_o confession_n a_o minor_a may_v have_v much_o more_o easy_o lapse_v into_o a_o fatal_a error_n then_o in_o any_o other_o case_n the_o subject_a matter_n of_o this_o confession_n be_v a_o contrivance_n to_o poison_v by_o droggs_n and_o medicament_n in_o which_o none_o constat_fw-la de_fw-fr corpore_fw-la delicti_fw-la since_o the_o defunct_a may_v have_v die_v of_o another_o disease_n and_o as_o to_o which_o a_o minor_a may_v easy_o have_v be_v mistake_v since_o to_o give_v a_o solid_a judgement_n in_o such_o case_n or_o to_o confess_v what_o relate_v thereto_o requi●es_v not_o only_o more_o reason_n but_o more_o skill_n and_o art_n then_o can_v be_v expect_v from_o so_o young_a a_o boy_n to_o which_o it_o be_v answer_v that_o since_o minor_n may_v be_v punishable_a crime_n they_o may_v consequent_o b●nd_v a_o guilt_n upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o confession_n for_o if_o the_o law_n do_v not_o consider_v they_o as_o so_o far_o doli_fw-la capaces_fw-la that_o they_o understand_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o crime_n it_o will_v not_o punish_v they_o and_o if_o they_o understand_v the_o nature_n and_o hazard_v of_o a_o crime_n it_o be_v unreasonable_a to_o think_v that_o they_o may_v not_o understand_v their_o hazard_n in_o confess_v it_o since_o in_o commit_v crime_n the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a be_v ordinary_o blind_v with_o passion_n and_o error_n but_o in_o confess_v man_n have_v time_n and_o leisure_n to_o be_v judicious_a and_o serious_a and_o if_o minor_n confession_n can_v not_o tie_v they_o they_o may_v still_o in_o absence_n of_o witness_n commit_v crime_n at_o their_o pleasure_n 2._o lawyer_n as_o well_o as_o reason_n be_v very_o clear_a that_o a_o minor_a can_v be_v restore_v except_o he_o show_v that_o he_o be_v circumveen_v or_o leesed_a by_o his_o confession_n as_o for_o instance_n if_o he_o shall_v confess_v simple_o that_o he_o kill_v a_o man_n but_o shall_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o he_o kill_v he_o in_o self-defence_n or_o shall_v confess_v that_o he_o commit_v incest_n but_o shall_v forget_v to_o add_v that_o he_o be_v ignorant_a that_o the_o person_n with_o who_o he_o commit_v the_o same_o be_v within_o the_o degree_n that_o infer_v incest_n which_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o oddo_n 5._o fortia_fw-la quest_n 23._o num_fw-la 9_o or_o if_o he_o have_v confess_v upon_o the_o promise_n of_o indemnity_n or_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o threaten_n and_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v either_o and_o by_o this_o just_a temprement_n the_o interest_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o imbicility_n of_o minor_n be_v both_o salve_v and_o therefore_o when_o law_n or_o lawyer_n say_v that_o a_o minor_a may_v be_v restore_v against_o his_o confession_n their_o meaning_n only_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v restore_v if_o he_o can_v prove_v his_o error_n and_o mistake_n 3._o this_o be_v a_o confession_n twice_o emit_v and_o adhere_v to_o and_o adminiculate_v by_o the_o confession_n of_o other_o die_a person_n who_o can_v not_o clear_v themselves_o by_o fyl_v he_o there_o can_v no_o doubt_n of_o its_o truth_n remain_v with_o any_o disintere_v person_n this_o case_n be_v not_o decide_v but_o i_o conceive_v that_o a_o minor_a can_v be_v restore_v against_o his_o own_o confession_n except_o he_o show_v wherein_o he_o be_v either_o circumveen_v or_o mistake_v and_o if_o a_o person_n past_o 21._o year_n of_o age_n can_v prove_v that_o he_o have_v confess_v what_o be_v not_o true_a he_o ought_v to_o be_v restore_v as_o for_o instance_n if_o he_o can_v prove_v that_o the_o man_n who_o he_o confess_v he_o do_v kill_v be_v still_o alive_a in_o which_o sense_n i_o take_v l._n 1._o §_o d._n
in_o criminalibus_fw-la as_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o doctor_n see_v with_o we_o they_o be_v exclude_v from_o be_v witness_n even_o in_o civil_a case_n ergo_fw-la à_fw-la fortiori_fw-la they_o ought_v to_o be_v reject_v in_o criminal_a case_n for_o albeit_o the_o doctor_n allow_v they_o sometime_o to_o prove_v in_o civil_a case_n yet_o they_o reject_v they_o in_o the_o same_o cause_n when_o they_o be_v criminal_o pursue_v as_o in_o furto_n etc._n etc._n farin_n quest_n 56._o num_fw-la 31._o and_o by_o a_o express_a act_n 1_o agust_n 1661._o the_o justice_n ordain_v that_o no_o woman_n shall_v be_v examine_v as_o witness_n in_o theft_n for_o the_o future_a except_o ex_fw-la officio_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la nota_fw-la and_o that_o same_o day_n they_o rece●ved_v elisabeth_n watson_n as_o witness_v in_o theft_n against_o bruntfield_n 2._o woman_n be_v sometime_o receive_v witness_n in_o some_o case_n ob_fw-la atrocitatem_fw-la criminis_fw-la as_o in_o treason_n by_o a_o express_a act_n of_o sederunt_fw-la 1591._o and_o in_o witchcraft_n most_o ordinary_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o book_n of_o adjurnal_a and_o particular_o in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n the_o 20._o of_o march_n 1662._o where_o margaret_n grahame_n and_o marion_n wear_v be_v receive_v witness_n 3._o they_o be_v admit_v in_o criminibus_fw-la domesticis_fw-la because_o of_o scantness_n of_o probation_n and_o thus_o they_o be_v receive_v against_o george_n swintoun_n who_o be_v accuse_v for_o murder_v his_o own_o wife_n within_o his_o own_o house_n 21._o agust_n 1664._o 4._o woman_n be_v receive_v witness_n where_o woman_n use_v only_o to_o be_v present_a as_o in_o the_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n murder_v of_o child_n &_o in_o partu_fw-la supposititio_fw-la etc._n etc._n very_o many_o instance_n whereof_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o adjurnal_a book_n and_o yet_o farin_n quest_n 59_o say_n mulier_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la testis_fw-la &_o quo_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la partus_fw-la si_fw-la inde_fw-la agitur_fw-la criminaliter_fw-la ad_fw-la suppositionem_fw-la corporaliter_fw-la puniendam_fw-la and_o by_o these_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o woman_n be_v not_o regulariter_fw-la admit_a witness_n in_o scotland_n likeas_n by_o the_o 34._o cap._n rob._n 1._o these_o be_v express_o exclude_v from_o witness_n bear_v yet_o matheus_n conclude_v they_o may_v be_v receive_v witness_n ex_fw-la hoc_fw-la quod_fw-la mulier_fw-la adubterii_fw-la condemnata_fw-la non_fw-la admittatur_fw-la ergo_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la mulieres_fw-la admitti_fw-la debent_fw-la but_o this_o opinion_n be_v contrary_a to_o all_o the_o doctor_n vid._n farin_n quest_n 59_o casu_fw-la 1._o where_o he_o give_v it_o for_o a_o rule_n that_o mulier_fw-la in_o criminalibus_fw-la testis_fw-la esse_fw-la nequit_fw-la which_o rule_n extend_v so_o far_o that_o according_a to_o his_o judgement_n three_o or_o more_o woman_n can_v prove_v a_o crime_n num_fw-la 29._o the_o reason_n why_o woman_n be_v exclude_v from_o witness_v must_v be_v either_o that_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o too_o much_o compassion_n and_o so_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v more_o receive_v in_o criminal_a case_n then_o in_o any_o civil_a case_n or_o else_o the_o law_n be_v unwilling_a to_o trouble_v they_o and_o think_v it_o may_v learn_v they_o too_o much_o confidence_n and_o make_v they_o subject_n to_o too_o much_o familiarity_n with_o man_n and_o stranger_n if_o they_o be_v necessitate_v to_o vague_v up_o and_o down_o at_o all_o court_n upon_o all_o occasion_n v._o minor_n if_o they_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o no_o otherwise_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v witness_n by_o the_o foresay_a act_n of_o k._n robert_n and_o it_o be_v allege_v in_o the_o process_n of_o margaret_n wallace_n 1622._o that_o margaret_n graham_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v a_o witness_n because_o she_o be_v not_o pass_v eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n this_o be_v repel_v because_o a_o testificat_fw-la bear_v that_o she_o be_v pass_v fourteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o may_v be_v mane_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o objection_n be_v because_o minor_n understand_v not_o to_o answer_v all_o circumstance_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o consider_v by_o the_o judge_n nor_o yet_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o oath_n which_o shall_v overawe_n they_o and_o they_o be_v very_o subject_a in_o their_o youth_n to_o corruption_n a_o clear_a instance_n whereof_o i_o see_v myself_o in_o a_o little_a boy_n against_o towie_n who_o after_o he_o be_v receive_v do_v first_o depon_n m●ny_n improbability_n and_o seem_v terrify_v with_o every_o question_n and_o thereafter_o confess_v that_o he_o be_v bribe_v with_o a_o very_a small_a and_o childish_a bribe_n in_o many_o case_n likewise_o witness_n be_v to_o depon_n upon_o that_o which_o require_v judgement_n as_o in_o prove_v self-defence_n ratihabition_n etc._n etc._n and_o in_o these_o case_n it_o be_v repuisit_a that_o the_o deponer_o be_v of_o a_o more_o advance_a age_n then_o fourteen_o vi_o by_o that_o act_n likewise_o of_o k._n rob._n such_o as_o be_v furious_a adulterer_n robber_n thief_n perjure_a scourge_v and_o servant_n can_v be_v receive_v witness_n not_o yet_o laik_v against_o churchman_n nor_o yet_o churchman_n against_o laik_n whereas_o according_a to_o the_o cannon_n law_n cap._n de_fw-fr cetero_fw-la decret_a de_fw-fr testib_n laik_n be_v forbid_v to_o be_v receive_v against_o churchman_n sed_fw-la non_fw-la contra_fw-la the_o reason_n of_o which_o constitution_n be_v give_v to_o be_v partly_o the_o reverence_n due_a to_o churchman_n and_o partly_o the_o hatred_n whereby_o laik_n do_v persecute_v they_o but_o this_o objection_n be_v just_o reprobat_fw-la by_o our_o custom_n by_o which_o likewise_o servant_n be_v receive_v to_o be_v witness_n notwithstanding_o of_o the_o former_a law_n against_o it_o but_o not_o for_o their_o master_n but_o whether_o he_o who_o have_v redeem_v himself_o from_o justice_n by_o a_o remission_n shall_v be_v receive_v a_o witness_n may_v be_v controvert_v and_o that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v receive_v may_v be_v argue_v 1._o because_o of_o this_o law_n of_o k._n rob._n which_o do_v express_o repel_v he_o 2._o a_o remission_n take_v not_o away_o the_o guilt_n but_o be_v only_o a_o defence_n against_o the_o punishment_n l._n fin._n c._n de_fw-fr gener_fw-la abolit_fw-la and_o semel_fw-la malus_fw-la semper_fw-la praesumitur_fw-la malus_fw-la which_o wicked_a disposition_n can_v be_v alter_v by_o a_o remission_n and_o since_o the_o king_n can_v make_v a_o man_n good_a it_o follow_v that_o he_o can_v make_v he_o a_o sufficient_a witness_n 3._o it_o have_v be_v find_v by_o several_a decision_n that_o a_o person_n convict_v and_o bring_v off_o by_o a_o remission_n redemptus_fw-la à_fw-la justitia_fw-la as_o this_o law_n call_v he_o have_v be_v therefore_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o tossoch_n who_o be_v condemn_v as_o a_o false_a nottar_n and_o be_v thereupon_o set_v from_o be_v a_o witness_n in_o the_o process_n for_o burn_v the_o house_n of_o frendraught_n and_o yet_o i_o myself_o have_v object_v this_o against_o a_o english_a captain_n in_o argiles_fw-la case_n it_o be_v repel_v but_o to_o reconcile_v these_o two_o opinion_n i_o think_v we_o shall_v distinguish_v betwixt_o such_o as_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n before_o they_o be_v convict_v and_o these_o who_o be_v convict_v and_o thereafter_o make_v use_n of_o the_o remission_n for_o those_o who_o propon_n upon_o the_o remission_n do_v eo_fw-la ipso_fw-la acknowledge_v the_o guilt_n yet_o that_o it_o be_v only_a fictione_n juris_fw-la and_o therefore_o the_o foresay_a law_n say_v copulative_a that_o convicti_fw-la &_o redempti_fw-la à_fw-la justitia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la esses_fw-la testes_fw-la guiltiness_n which_o cast_v a_o man_n from_o be_v witness_n must_v be_v prove_v by_o a_o sentence_n and_o it_o be_v not_o find_v relevant_a that_o the_o theft_n be_v offer_v instant_o to_o be_v prove_v the_o 10._o of_o february_n 1673._o in_o ashintillies_n case_n but_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o sometime_o the_o theft_n be_v so_o recent_o commit_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o time_n for_o convict_v he_o and_o yet_o it_o be_v hard_o that_o a_o person_n so_o guilty_a shall_v be_v receive_v the_o dependence_n also_o of_o a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o a_o witness_n shall_v cast_v he_o if_o it_o be_v intent_a before_o his_o citation_n to_o be_v a_o witness_n else_o every_o witness_n may_v be_v cast_v by_o intent_v a_o criminal_a pursuit_n against_o he_o vii_o these_o within_o degree_n defendant_n by_o blood_n or_o affinity_n be_v likewise_o repel_v by_o the_o aforesaid_a act._n degree_n defendant_n be_v by_o our_o law_n the_o four_o degree_n or_o cousin_n german_n as_o be_v express_v in_o the_o foresay_a chapter_n and_o this_o term_n come_v in_o my_o opinion_n from_o the_o french_a word_n defendre_fw-fr to_o forbid_v so_o that_o degree_n defendu_fw-fr be_v the_o true_a expression_n though_o we_o say_v defendant_n by_o