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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A17733	Tvvo very notable commentaries the one of the originall of the Turcks and Empire of the house of Ottomanno, written by Andrewe Cambine, and thother of the warres of the Turcke against George Scanderbeg, prince of Epiro, and of the great victories obteyned by the sayd George, aswell against the Emperour of Turkie, as other princes, and of his other rare force and vertues, worthye of memorye, translated oute of Italian into Englishe by Iohn Shute.; Della origine de Turchi et imperio delli Ottomani. English	Cambini, Andrea, d. 1527.; Shute, John, fl. 1562-1573.	1562 (1562)	STC 4470; ESTC S107293	198,882	250

TVVO very notable Commentaries THE ONE OF THE ORIGINALL OF THE TVRCks ks and Empire of the house of Ottomanno written by Andrewe Cambine and thother of the warres of the Turcke against George Scanderbeg prince of Epiro and of the great victories obteyned by the sayd George aswell against the Emperour of Turkie as other princes and of his other rare force and vertues worthye of memorye translated oute of Italian into Englishe by Iohn Shute PROVERBE .xxi. The horse is prepaired against the daye of battayle but the lord giueth the victorie PRINTED AT LONDON by Rouland Hall for Humfrey Toye dwelling in paules Churche yearde at the signe of the Helmette 1562 To the right honorable and HIS SINGVLER GOOD LORDE AND MAISTER syr Edwarde Fynes lorde Clynton and Say Knight of the order and highe Admirall of England and Ireland Iohn Shute wisheth longe life with increaceof godly honor FOR AS MVCHE RIGHTE HONORAble as the office of man standethe chyefely in two poyntes the one to serue God as he him selfe hathe appointed the other truely to serue his countrey and to wishe wel to the same in al that he mai I thought it good to turne into oure Englishe tonge these two Bokes folowing therby to proffyte suche as are not of seruile spiryte and when I had endyd the same I beth oughte me of some worthye patrone to whom I moughte dedicate the effecte of my smale trauayle in that behalfe and discoursynge in my selfe of dyuerse men I thoughte your honor a very meete man to accepte my symple present not for that I am your man and you my very good lorde and Maister but in respecte of those rare vertues whyche in your honour I knowe to reste Wherfore my humble request is that your lordshyppe wyll take this my poore trauaile in good parte which beinge graunted maye be an occasyon to styrre me vp to take in hande here after some greatter matter The one of these Bokes is writen in the Italian by Maister Andre Cambine a Citizen of Florence which declareth frō whence the Turckes came when they fyrste came into the lesse Asia of what condition they were the warres that they made and vpō what nations they made them the victories that they obtayned and howe they vsed them the whole meanes wherby they attained to that mightie seate in the whiche they nowe sytte and commaunde to the great dishonor of the Christian princes The other is a Commentarie wrytē also in the Italian by whom I knowe not for that the name of the auctor is suppressed but whatsoeuer he be that dyd it he hathe deserued to be well thoughte of for his trauayle for it is well worthe the redding It intreatethe of the warres betwene Amorathe the seconde Mahomethe the second his sonne Emperours of Turckye and the moste worthye prince George Castrioth otherwvse named Scanderbeg prince of Albania in the which Boke is euidently seen to howe great purpose and effecte it is to haue a Captaine of perfect iudgement and a ●ouldiour of tryid disciplyne And for so much as I haue here occasion to speke of such knowledge as makes a souldiour I terme discipline I thincke it not encouuenient some thinge to saye therof not at large for that it wyll sufficiently fyll a great volume but briefely as I maye of so weightie matter This disciplyne conteyneth in it the whole force of the warres the roote therof is the perfecte iudgement of the Captaine the braunches are these the good choise of the newe souldiours obedience of the souldiour the contynuall exercise of the souldiour order wherin the souldiour must be instructed furniture wherwith the souldiour must both defend and offend and then the seueritie of the Captaine in seinge this discipline truely obserued and kept A. worthye generall is of that perfection that he cā vse any of these in his kinde and I desyre of god that this disciplyne maye be better knowen in oure countre then it is so shall we not haue so manye as we haue that shall saye giue me the vntrayned souldiour and take the trayned that lyste of whose opinion I for my parte nether am ne wylbe for so muche as I thincke I shalbe able to proue both in these oure daies and also in the olde worldes that the disciplined souldiour hath alwaye acheuid the great enterprise the vntrained hath often ben ouerthrowen but seldome or neuer hath gyuen ouerthrowe And to proue this true these men are redie whose names doe here folowe besyde the whole troupe of historiens els Liuie Plutarcke Cesar Appian Alexandrine Valerius Maximus Vigetius Blondus Herodian Paulus Iouius the Cōmentarie of George Castrioth as here after more playnely shall appeare I thincke these sufficient to perswade anye man that is of a modest spirite in that behalfe And for so muche as this disciplyne is of so greate valewe I thincke it not vn●itting or vnfrutfull to touche euery braunche briefely in particular and fyrst I wyl begynne with the electiō choise of the newe souldiour Sertorius a worthy Romane who being the chiefe gouernour in Spaine after the death or Silla and beinge a man of a noble corage and of great iudgment in Martiall affares as Appian Alexandrine witnesseth of hym in his fyrste Booke of the Ciuil warres of the Romanes was not more honored for anye of the rare vertues that were in hym t●en for his greate iudgement in the choyse of newe souldiours his opinion was that the youthe which shoulde be chosen to defend theyr countre shoulde discend of honest parentes they shoulde be honestly broughte vp they shoulde be modest they shoulde also feare shame as wytnessyth Vigetius in his fyrst Booke of the arte of the warres the 7. Chapter Plato that noble Philosopher is of opinion that the newe souldiour must be chosen of the age of xx yeres Seruius Tullius kynge of the Romanes wolde haue them chosen of the age of xvii yeres blando sayethe that others are of opinion to chose them at xvi yeres of age Vigetius in his fyrste Booke and iiii Chapiter of the arte of the warres is of opinion to chose them whē their berde dothe fyrste showe Saluste is of opiniō to chose them yonge for as muche as in their youthe they are apte to be taught anye kynde of exercyse and beinge acustumed in their youthe to great trauayle they shall the better when they comme to greater age endure the trauaile and miserie of the warres he saieth also that it is better that the souldiours wante yeres then exercyse moreouer Vigetius saieth that whatsoeuer they lerne in theyr youth dothe contynue longe in theyr memorie perfectely All these worthye men are of opinion that yf he be vntrayned and passe the age of thirtie yeres he is not to be accepted into a bande for sondrie respects This weighty charge to chose newe souldiours was not committed to any Captaine but to those that were of greatest iudgement and best seen in the disciplyne of the

warres as witnesseth Vigetius in his first Boke and vii chapter NOwe as touching the obedience of the souldiour the histories are full howe greate skyll is in it for what was the cause of the deathe of Pompey and defeicte or ouerthrowe of his Populous armie in Thesaly was it not onelye disobedience loke Cesare in his third Booke and Appian in his seconde Booke of the Gyuyll warres of the Romanes Hathe not disobedience ben also the deathe of dyuerse Romane Emperours and almost the distruction of the whole Empire loke Herodian and there you shall see the profe hereof This obedience is a bande that byndeth the rest of the braunches of disciplyne so firmely togyther that it maketh them to worcke theyr effecte and gyueth vertue power to euery of them Wherfore Andre Cambine iustly doth saye that a disobedient armie is lesse to be feared them a worthy Captayne withoute an armie THe worthye men of the olde worlde and chiefely the Romanes broughte vp their souldiours in sondrie exercyses as to runne lepe throwe the bare swyme to vse their weapons to marche the march called Passo militare which was to goe armed in the hotest of the sommer xx myles in fyue houres and vpon great occasion xxiiii myles in foure houres they had a feelde which laye vpon the syde of the Ryuer Tibre which once was of the possessiō of Tarquinus surnamed the proud and when he was banished Rome the Senate appointed that feelde for the exercyse of theyr souldiours there were in that feelde a number of greate stakes depely set into the grounde against whom the souldiours hauing their roundels made of wicker of the double weighte of those whiche they shoulde were in battayle and a staffe of the lengthe of a sworde and of the double weyghte of the sworde whiche commonly they dyd weare and beinge thus furnished they shoulde dayly fyghte against those stakes as against their enemyes In this feelde dyd they vse all theyr exercyses wherof I spake before and when they were wery they went into the Riuer and washed them and refreshed theyr weried bodies and lerned to swime as wytnesseth Vigetius in his fyrst Boke and x. Chapter To swymme wel is and exercise very commodiouse for a souldiour as for example Liure in his fyrst Decade and seconde Boke declareth that Oratius Cocleus a worthy Romane defended the ende of the brydge that putteth ouer Tiber against the whole power of the kinge Porsena whilest that they of the Citie brake the bridge behinde him and then armed as he was he leapte into the Ryuer from the brydge and dyd swymme to the lande and saued both him selfe the Citie for that tyme. Also the noble Emperour Iulius Cesare beinge in Alexandrie and assayled vpon the sudden by the Alexandrines and hauing but fewe of his people with him was enforced to flee their furie whervpon he lepte into the Ryuer and dyd swyme ouer to the other side by the which meanes he saued his life at that present as witnesseth Appian Alexandre in his seconde Booke of the cyuyll warres of the Romanes and also Aulus Hirtius in his fourthe Booke of the Commentaries of Cesar intitled de Bello Alexandrino the lyke dothe the same Aulus Hirtius declare in the aforesayde Booke of the Ph●ritanes whiche dwelled in an Isle that standeth in the Ryuer Nilo eyghte hūdred pases from Alexandrie which beinge assailed by the souldiours of Cesare and put to flyghte toke the Ryuer and did swyme to Alexandrie and saued a great number of theyr lyues The exercise of the souldiour and chiefely of the vse of the weapon that he shall vse in the feelde is a thinge of great valewe whiche the Romanes dyd so muche esteme that they appointed a number of Maisters to instructe theyr souldiours in the vse therof and euery Maister had double the entertaynement that a souldiour had as witnesseth Vigetius in his firste Booke and xii chapter and in my iudgement not withoute great reason for the felde is not the onlye place to traine souldiours in but they must also be made perfecte in the vse of theyr weapon in marching in theyr armour acustumed to order and such lyke exercyses before they cōme to the felde otherwyse they be but an encoraging to the enemy and a people led to the slaughter wherfore the Romanes had their newe souldiours as perfecte in altheyr exercyses as were theyr olde souldiours before they wolde send them to the felde sauing in that that they had not seen the enemy nor felte of his force An other braunche therof is of importance which is furniture with oute the which no army is perfecte for yf a man be neuer so valiante well trayned yf he wante furniture he wyll not put him selfe in that peryll that he wyll doe beinge well armed and furnished As longe as the Romanes went wel armed and furnished to the felde their Empire dyd alwaye florishe as witnesseth Vigetius in his first Boke and xx chapter but whē they became slouthfull and neglected discipline they then obtayned of their Emperours within shorte space license to goe to the felde first withoute their body Armour then withoute their sheldes and hedpeces and when they had obtained at theyr Emperours handes these noble demaundes within shor●e space after they payd well for their case the Gothes Vandales and also the Lombardes made warres vpō them gaue them sondrie ouerthrowes Then was the difference seen betwyne the armie broughte vp in disciplyne and that wherein disciplyne was not knowen betwine the exercised souldiour and the vnexercised betwine the instructed souldiour and the ignorant betwine the armed souldiour the vnarmed betwyne the Captaine of iudgment and the vnskylfull Captaine for where as in tyme before the Romanes dwelling vnder discipline were not onely able to defend their owne most ample dominions but also that of their fryndes which laie fardest from them nowe when they had reiected discipline hauinge warres with these nationes afore named they were not onely vnable to defend their owne dominions but also to defend their Citie Rome which was twyse or thriese sacked by the aforesayd enemies as wytnesseth Carian in his historie There is also order which is of great value and withoute it an armie is but a confused multitude nether any battayle is worthily fought no towne perfectly besegyd nor any thing well done This the auncient Romanes had in suche estimation that whosoeuer dyd violate it was pūnished withoute remissiō as for example Valerius Maximus in his second Boke declareth that Posthumius Tibutius being dictator hauing with him in the warres his onely sōne the only successiō that he had whō he had very tenderly carefully brought vp yet forasmuch as he being in the warres did of him selfe not by his cōmaūdemēt take those bands which the Romāes called aides or helppes encoūtred the enemies gaue them a great ouerthrowe thē retorned to the campe with the

victorie as sone as he came to his father he commaunded to strike of his hed so carefull was he to se order obserued that he preferred it before the life of his sonne the contynuance of his house and all that euer he possessyd in the worlde The like did Posthumius Torquatus beinge Consul to his sonne in the warres of Italie who gaue battayle to the enemies withoute commaundement from his father defeicted them and slewe a great number of them and alson toke from them a maruelous riche spoile and retorned with the victorie yet at his retorne his father commaunded the offycers to take him and so was he executed Also Papirus the dictator did marueloussy embrace order And whē he made warres against the Sānites he had with him general of the horsemen Q. Fabius Rutilianus who seing his enemy in battaile charged him ouerthrewe the Samnites and retorned with the victorie yet notwithstandinge Papirus respected not the victorie his vertue his force nor yet his house but commaunded him to be spoyled of his garmentes and to be beaten naked with roddes a maruelouse straunge ●yghte to se Q. Rutilianus generall of the horsemen a man of great worthynes victorious to be beaten naked and to haue hys fleshe torne by the handes of the Iusticiers and also hys bloude shed and althoughe the souldiours desyred Fabius to flee to Rome where in vayne he made request to the Senate for pardon Papirous perseuered in punnishinge hym and wolde in no wyse for gyue it the father of Fabius who had been Dictaour and thre tymes Consul was enforced to comme in humble sorte to declare the matter to the people desyrynge them to craue the aide of the Tribunes in the behalfe of his sonne yet notwithstanding Papirus perseuerid styll in his purpose tyll at the last being desyred by the Citizens the Tribunes people he sware that he wolde forgiue it not for the loue of Fabio but for the loue that he bare to the office of the Tribunes and to the people of Rome this Ordre directe the euery braunche of this disciplyne maketh them to worcke their effecte What shoulde I saye anye more of order the histories are full of the nedefulnes therof Besyde th●se there is also seueritie which causeth the souldiours to dwell in obedience it chaseth all disorder from them it hath ben executed in all ages Cesar that worthy Emperour whose naturall inclination to pardone offences was suche that I doe preferre his co●tezie before them al that I haue redde of yet you shal see in his commentaries that he vpon occasyon hath taken the tenthe man of his legiones and put them to deathe also Vallo a famous and worthye Captayne who hath wryten very substancially thre Bookes of the arte of the warres exhorteth all men of charge to be seuere when occasion dothe require for one or two sometime punished doe saue great numbers from distruction Wherfore Vallo in his first Boke and third chapter willeth that he that disobeythe his Captaine he that dothe mutine he that beynge appointed to the stand watche or scoute doth leue his place with oute license of his Captaine or he that departeth from his enseigne in the felde withoute leue of his Captayne shall not onely lose horse armour weapones and all that he possessyth in the warres and so escape the punishment but he shall be condempned to deathe and shall passe the pikes in maner as foloweth There shalbe a squadrone ordered and in the myddest of the same shalbe a voyde space throughoute the squadrone almost as brode as the lengthe of two pykes then shall the offendour be broughte into the middest therof and before that they shal abase theyr pykes he vpon hys kneese shall demaunde pardone at hys Captaynes hand thre tymes and at the thyrde tyme the Captayne shall take the enseigne from his enseigne berer vndisp●aide taking the hed therof in his hand and with the but ende therof shall stryke hym on the hed in token that the ●nseigne throughe his euell behauiour hathe ben in peryll and dishonored and that he dothe condempne him there to die that done the Captaine withdraweth him selfe oute of the place then the souldiours abase theyr pykes and sley him Also Selim fa●her to Solyman Emperour of Turchie beinge at Iconio after that he had broughte his armye oute of Persia determyning there to winter for that he wolde be at hand to vndertake the enterprise in the spring nexte folowing against the Sophie wherevpon hys Gianizzaries being desirous to passe that winter in Grecia made request at the perswasion of some of their leaders to Selim that they mought goe into Gretia that wynter and when they sawe that they coulde not obtayne they rebelled against theyr lorde wherevpon Selim disguysed sent into Spayne to make warres vpon the Numantianes and to daunt theyr prowde spirites which were puffed vp throughe the wante of vnderstanding of the Romane counsulles and legates whiche had made warres against them and receaued dyuerse ouerthrowes at their handes Scipio receaued the same armye which they had so often defeicted and as sone as he had possessed this army he forthewith purged it of all vnprofytable people such as procured men to delicacie as those that solde all kinde of Marchandize and delicate meates and drincks such as were rather to satisfie appetite then to preserue helthe and maintaine force also he banished from his campe two thousand wh●res whē he had this done he restored to tbe armye perfite discipline and then beseged the Citie of Numantia toke it and brought it into ashes The lyke may be sayd of Metellus who being Consul made warres in Affricke against Iugurthe he receaued his armie of Spurius Albinuus throghe whose negligence and want of vnderstanding discipline was clerely extincte and forgotten and the armye vtterly corrupted through ease and delicatie by meanes wherof the enemy obtained against them many victories And the consul determyning to purge his armie and to restore it to perfecte disciplyne remoued from his campe all Tauerners and cookes he wolde not suffer that any priuate souldiour shulde haue any horse or seruante to carye his armour and victuall but that he hymselfe shoulde carrie it then he marched with his campe and remoued in maner daily fortified his campe entrenched it as strongly as yf Iuguith had ben present also he sawe them daily exercised acordīg to the order of the Romane disciplyne and in the ende brought them to that perfection that to that same enemy of whom they had receaued many ouerthrowes in tyme before and neuer coulde giue any they gaue sondrie and great ouerthrowes and triumphed ouer him as witnesseth the aforesaid Valerius Besyde these Appian Alexandrine in his fourth Boke of the cyuyll warres of the Romanes doth righte well declare the price and necessite of the Iudgemēt of the Captaines in the persones of B●●ius and Cassius who fled oute of Rome after that they had slayne Cesar and

felde were of great iudgement whose good order dyd not à litle preuaile in that behalfe Besyde this it was not only an armie of trained souldiours that discomfyted the Samnites not farre from the Citie Suessola where they slewe an exceding great number of them and toke 40. thousande sheldes which were of the men that were slaine and also 170. standardz Cornetts and Euseignes as wytnesseth Liuie in his vii Booke of his first decade but that also the Iudgement of the Consul dyd muche preuayle in that behalfe who when he sawe the great number of his enemies cōmaunded his souldiours to holde them within his campe whervpō the Samnites presuming contēned the enemie and neglicted order and dispersed them selues all the countrey ouer to prouyde them of corne and other victualles and lefte theyr campe vngarded in effecte which when the consul vndestode he exhorted the souldiours to behaue them valiantly and immediatly went forth of his campe and assayled the campe of his enemyes and in the first charge he slewe the greatest number of them as they were in their tentes and lodgings and then commaunded to set all theyr Cornetts Enseignes and standardz vpon the trenches of theyr campe which he had taken from them and then lefte for the gard of the campe two legions with commaundement that on payne of death no man shoulde take any thing of the spoyle of the campe vntyll his retorne whervpon he marched on with his armye in order towarde the enemy and sent his horsemen before him who charged the negligent and vnprouided enemyes being dispersed all ouer the felde and vtterly destitute of order so that they fled with great confusiō and feare not knowing whyther it were best to fle whē this was done the counsul retorned to the campe with great victorie and then gaue the spoyle of the campe of the enemyes to his souldiours In lyke sort was the perfecte order of L. Scipion counsul no lesse helpfull to his armye when that he defeicted the mitghty army of Antioche kyng of Asia vp on the Ryuer Phrigio neare to the Citye Magnesia as wytnessyth Liui in his fourth decade and vii Booke And in lyke sorte dyd the indgemēt of Alexādre the great helpe his souldiours ī the battayle that he fought with Darius in the which with a smale number of trained souldiours he defeicted 6. hundred thousand Persians as witnesseth Blondo in his x booke de La institution de La chose publique In the lyke sorte was the iudgment of T. Quintius Flaminius helpful to his trained atmie whē he dyd ouerthrowe Philippe the Macedone prince besyde Scotusa in Gretia slewe viii thousands of his souldiours and toke fyue thousand of them prisoners as witnessyth Plutarck in his Boke called the seconde part of his lyues in the lyfe of the same Flaminius Besyde this it was not onely the continuall exercise and disciplyne of the souldiours of Scanderbeg that gaue vnto the Turckes so manye ouerthrowes as are declared in his Commentaries althoughe they were becomme throughe their continuall exercise as it were inuincible but his great iudgement in the arte of the warres was a greate parte of the cause therof for he knewe when and howe to take the aduantage of his enemye Also to cōme to oure age in the battayle that Frauncys the fyrst of that name Frenshe king fought at Marignian with the Suysses where great skyll and valiantize was showed on both partes yet was not the victorie wonne alone throughe the discipline of the souldiours but also throughe the iudgement of the conductours The lyke may be sayd of the battayle that the Countie de Augimen fought at Serizoles wyth the Marques of Guasto in the yere of oure Lord. 1544 The lyke of the battayle of Pauie betwyne the aforesayd Frenshe kinge and the Duke of Burbone lieutenante of the Imperiall armie Also the lyke of the battayle betwyne Charles the fyrst and the Duke Iohn of Saxon the Lansgraue of ●esse in Almaigne What shulde I saye any more to proue this to be true the histories doe all affyrme that the vnderstandinge of the generall doth greatly helpe to the obtayning of the victorie and withoute it a trayned armie is but as a man mayned in comparison of a mā that hath all his līmes soūd and perfecte and of all the victories that I haue here spoken of and also of all those that I haue red of besydes those that I haue seen I haue not founde one gyuen by vntrayned souldiours Wherfore no armie may be called perfecte that wanteth these two kindes of men in it which is the general of perfecte iudgement the souldiour brought vp in discipline Vigetius sayeth in his .28 chapiter of his fyrste Booke of arte of the warres that the Epirotes and Macedonines people of great power adorned with many victories and also the Thesalique nation who brought vnder theyr yoke the Persians euen to the confynes of India besydes these Lacedemonies Athenies Marsians and Samnites The Datianes Medes and Thratianes which were so warlike that it was sayd amonge them that Mars whom the hethen call the god of battayle was borne in theyr countre all these nations dyd the Romanes throughe their perfecte discipline bring vnder theyr rule Also Vigetius saithe in his fyrst Boke and fyrst chapter of the arte of the warres that the great number of the Frenshe shoulde haue denoured the smale number of the Romanes had not ben theyr discipline only besydes that it had not ben possyble for the Romanes to haue resysted the populouse mighty nations of the Germanes but only by theit disciplin moreouer they shulde not haue ben able to encoūtte the lustie puisante nations of Spaine had not ben their discipline yea by what meanes preuailed they against the wise and welthy Affricanes but only throughe discipline by what meanes brought they vnder yoke the mighty and subtill nation of Grekes but only by their discipline The noble Emperour Frederick Barberouse being entred Italie with his armie to chastize the Millaneses for their rebellion wolde in no wise offer warre to his enemies vntill his souldiours had fworne vnto him to obserue the discipline of the warres Paulus Iouius saith that the Hungarians so longe as they dyd obserue discipline were well able to defende their owne gaue the Turcks sondrie ouerthrowes Val●ius Maximus in his second Boke calleth discipline not only the foundatiō of the Romane Empire but also the preseruatiō maintenance of the same for in dede it is a harde matter to ouerthrowe a worthy generall hauinge an armie of well chosē souldiours obedient well exercised in the feates afore mēcioned doe knowe what the weapons are worthe that they beare being well furnished and well instructed in order knowing the cōmoditie therof so longe as in battayle they doe obserue it for it is an impossibilitie to gyue any great ouerthrowe we to mē that obserue their order in the which they are plased doe vse their weapons accordingly Wherfore