money to get one of them away they hold them in so great estimation Neuerthelesse euery day amongst their Vineyards and in the ruines of old Rome they finde more which in whose ground soeuer they be found at a certaine price doe now belong to the Popes who distribute them in their own Palaces to their fauorites or kinsmen and somtimes as presents to Princes And this is the cause that the houscs of such as haue beene Nephewes or fauorites of the Popes bee best furnished with these ornaments If a man should make an exact relation of the Anticaglie in this kinde he must haue seuen yeares time to view and two mens liues to write them But for a tast and so away At the Popes Palace at Saint Peters the Statues of Commodus and Antoninus the Statue of Laocoon which is written of by Virgil in the second booke of his Aeneads and they say that his very seeing of that Statue was the cause of those verses the Statue of Apollo and in the middest of this place the thigh of a man done in Marble which the best workmen haue iudged admirable in the true proportions and they say that Michael Angelo stood two dayes by it in contemplation and the artifice was so excellent and beyond his apprehension that he had like to haue gone mad with the consideration of it In this place there bee many more Antiquities the great Pine Apple of brasse wherein were found Adrians ashes At the Popes other Palace vpon Mons Quirinalis before the Gate there be two other Statues done in full proportion of Alexander taming Bucephalus made by those two famous men Phydias and Praxiteles one in emulation of the other And from these two Statues being set heere this place is called Monte Caualli In the Garden of Cardinall Borghese without Porta Pinciana there is a Tombe which is said to be Alexanders In the Palace of Cardinall Fernese amongst an infinite number of other Antiquities there be the Statues of the twelue first Emperours two Tables of the Grecians Lawes which the Romanes brought from thence one of the gods which is said to haue giuen answers in the Pantheon a Statue of the two sonnes of a King of Thebes after the death of their father tying his Concubine to a Bull in reuenge of those wrongs shee had done their mother this Story is said to bee related by Propertius and Pliny brought to this City by the ancient Romans out of Rhodes found in the time of Paulus III. of the Fernesian family and by him left as a relique to this house Heere are besides the ancient Statues of the Horatij and Curiatij such another of Neroes Mother as I haue mentioned to be in the Capitoll but better expressed In one of the Palaces of Cardinall Borghese which in former times hath beene the Kings of England and giuen by Henry the 8. to Cardinall Campeio at his being heere now enriched by the best hands of Painters and the most ancient Statues you shall see amongst the rest a Gladiatore or Fencer admirably described in Marble and a Statue of Seneca in brasse bleeding in his bath to death with whom this part also of the Romane Antiquities shall dye Now from these ancient ruines of Temples Trophies Statues Arches Columnes Pyramides the rest there would be required in a curious pen a particular obseruatiō but I will only prescribe vnto my selfe some generall notes How venerable Antiquities both bee and haue been in all mens esteem is so generally known and receiued as I will not enter into a Laudatory thereof further then to shew the singular vse and profit that may bee gathered from the knowledge of them First they much illustrate Story and in some cases illuminate the vnderstanding of the Reader and serue as a confirmation of that he hath read When actions of note bee registred the bare after-reading of them without seeing the place whence they proceeded is by many men not so constantly retained in memory For euery man knowes that if in reading an History onely by a Mappe the place bee obserued as well as the action ones iudgement is better strengthened and consequently much more when a man sees that which others haue but by description They that haue read of Antoninus Traian and Vespasian and finde their acts which they haue read engrauen in Arches Pillers and the like it is hard to expresse what credit they giue to the History and satisfaction to the Reader And if in this respect any place in the world deserue seeing none can sooner claime it then Rome Secondly the ancient Statues of the Romanes do strangely immortalize their fame and it is certaine that the men of those times were infinitely ambitious to haue their memories in this kind recorded such was the benignity of that people that they willingly yeelded to honour their acts by publique expression and in a kind to Deifie the persons of their worthiest men which industry of theirs may bee gathered by the numbers of Statues of Cicero Seneca Brutus Cassius the Horatij and Curiatij Cato and many more whose vertue more then their greatnesse made them famous Otherwise if I had onely seen the Statues of the most powerfull men and ancient Emperours I should haue thought there had been in those times as great Time-seruers as there be now where power authority is more esteemed of then vertue or valour Yet I think if euer men of any place in any time desired to haue their names and actions to continue to Posterity not knowing any farther immortalitie these were they and this one consideration produced better effects of vertue and valour then Religion and all other respects doe in our dayes Certainly therefore if they had been as well instructed in Diuine as Morall precepts no man of any age had euer exceeded them Thirdly the multitude and riches of these Statues and other Antiquities do wonderfully argue the magnificence of those times wherin they haue exceeded all that went before or followed after them and yet this sumptuousnesse nothing diuerted their minds from a generous and actiue life but rather instigated them which now we most commonly finde contrary For greatnesse and goodnesse doe not alwayes agree together Fourthly the Architecture of many ancient Temples and Statues is so singular and rare that they that euer since haue beene esteemed the best durst neuer assume or vndertake to equalize them in that kinde of singularitie especially of the Statues which are so done that neuer any could come neere the originall for exquisitenesse in taking the Copie so that a man cannot but gather that in this place and those times there were conioyned all singularities together best workmen best wits best Souldiers and so in euery kinde Superlatiue But it may be there are some who will drawe ill conclusions from these Antiquities either tending to Atheisme or Superstition For Atheisme thus If men desire to immortalize their memories in this kind after their death it may seeme the
as the best Captaine can doe that hath been three times in the East-Indies But all these things before rehearsed and diuers more of the same kinde are not onely their first month or halfe yeeres imitation and discourse vpon their returne but continue to their dying day At London being arriued they are sure to make their first apparance with their last sute vpon the Stage there practice their complement and courtesies vpon all their acquaintance make three or foure forced faces thence vpon their Curtoe with a Page and two Lacqueys all in a Liuery goe to the Tauerne finde fault with all the Wine and yet be drunke in which disguise they post to their Sisters or Aunts or Grandmother where they will bee admired for their absurdities and almost made madder then they are by their praises These be affected Monsieurs but they that passe the Mountaines and leaue all this leuitie behinde them what doe they obserue How doe they returne I meane still affected Trauellers Of the two the worse and the more absurd because the more graue For a light foole is alwayes more sufferable then a serious The forced grauity of these so set them forth as any man may discouer them with halfe an eye especially hauing the dependances of an Italian Sute Spanish Hat Milan Sword Nâ—ds in stead of legs a few shrugges â—â— if some vermine were making a Progresse from one shoulder to another and the like This for their outside but their discourse makes them euery where ridiculous The name of an English Gelding frights them and thence they take occasion to fall into the commendation of a Mule or an Asse A Pasty of Venison makes them sweat and then sweare that the onely delicacies be Mushrums or Caueare or Snayles A toast in Beere or Ale driues them into Madnesse and so to declaime against the absurd and ignorant customes of their owne Countrey and therevpon digresse into the commendation of drinking their Wine refreshed with Ice or Snow So that those things which in other Countries be vsed for necessity they in their own will continue to shew their singularity It were not hard in this discourse to point out the men and it were a good deed to giue you their names that they may bee publiquely knowne lest some ignorant of their manners bee by their outside misledde to admire them But this may suffice by which you may see that the leuity of the French and grauitie of the Transalpine Traueller bee equally ill in the way of imitation for nothing can shew well that is forced Besides that they imitate but imperfectly and with lesse grace like the Stars that shew vs the Sunnes light but with lesse splendor And they so extremely loue to be thought well dyed into Italian and French as their eyes are offended at whatsoeuer hath any colour of English And to be esteemed familiarly acquainted with other Countries will seeme and thinke it an honor to haue forgotten both the fashions language of their owne But one sort of affectate Trauellers yet remaine and they be the seeming Statesmen of the time empty bladders repleate with nothing but winde such as being abroad though it be but in some butter Town of Holland wil make their first enquiry after such as professe to reade Theorie of Statisme fellowes that swarm in most places abroad especially in Germany or those places where the Dutch most vsually frequent that nation being easie and apt to be gulled by these Impostors beggerly Cheaters that will no sooner vndertake to teach but these coÌ„stantly belieue to learne In the space of sixe moneths for that is the longest time strangers vse abroad to stay in one place they will make them able and when the time is past they will so beleeue themselues to be or peraduenture sooner they are so fruitfull in their owne conceits that they may declare their abilities to be fit for the employment of the greatest Prince State or affaire in the world And this wonder by their professor of State is thus miraculously wrought by reading vnto them with some most pittifull obseruations of their owne and diuers repetitions of the same things as they vse to deale with Schoole-boyes a piece of Gallo-Belgicus Some discourse in Tesoro politico a part of Sleyden with Pezelius notes or the like as if by reading onely a man could apt himselfe for publike employment such a Master such a Reader such fragments so short a time would enable him therevnto Following this in all places where they come the very name of a Manuscript rauisheth them though it bee but copied out of some absurd booke printed the last Mart which once knowne as it will be by their often enquiry for things of that kinde any thing it 's no matter what neither doe they know more then in generall the name of a Manuscript few mornings passe that some poore Scribe or other doth not coozen them in that kinde Meeting with any of their owne Nation they will endeuour to make them beleeue that they are as well acquainted with the counsell proiects and policies of that State or Court where they liue as any that be there though of the highest employment They will tell what wayes they haue found out in Cyphring and what charge they haue been at for Intelligence which is demonstrated by hauing some papers wauing in their hands though emptie or at least but filled with their Hosts last account They will protest their entirenesse and inwardnesse with the men of the greatest name and employment in those parts though peraduenture they neuer saw their faces nor neuer heard them spoken of but by a Mountebanke in the Piazza But for the great Ones in their owne Country what is it not they will say to make vs beleeue they are with them the onely great and entire men of the world Which familiaritie betwixt them they will endeuour to expresse by shewing their names to letters though counterfaite and Coppies of letters they pretend they haue writ to them though neuer sent They will further tell you that they are absent thus long abroad the State at home taking knowledge of their abilitie because they would yet reserue some libertie to themselues and not bee wholly taken vp as they be sure if they were returned they should bee with publike employment And then they will returne to generalls and speake of Intentions and Treaties and Things where they will stop with a shrug or a Desunt nonnulla and so referre you to the Starres for a consequence as if these things were too secret too deepe for your knowledge or to make you beleeue that the multiplicity of affaires and State-businesse distract and trouble their minds when God knowes the most that they thinke or ruminate vpon is to get the estimation and opinion in the world of that which they haue no colour to pretend to viz. Witte Againe being abroad they will traÌ„slate the very Gazzette the most ordinarie and vncertaine newes in the
men low and meanely descended and though their industry can neuer bee sufficiently commended who wanting those meanes that in all likelihood the nobler degrees might haue had and haue notwithstanding made themselues more vsefull and able for their Countries seruice yet it cannot but be interpreted as a disgrace and must reflect vpon the ill education and weakenesse of knowledge in our Gentry and Nobilitie who mee thinkes for that onely respect should striue that as they precede others in degree birth so at least to equalize them in sufficiencie and iudgement Moreouer the great trade and commerce of the world is in giuing and receiuing of good turnes I meane amongst men of equall condition But a Country Life absolutely solitarie makes a man neither capable to receiue nor of abilitie to doe one and so they runne out their dayes vnprofitably both to themselues and all men beside as if they neither had friends nor were friend to any which is a hard condition for a man to liue in Also it cannot be denyed but that a mans long absence from the Court and Towne makes him a stranger to all passages and alterations of the world both at home and abroad for a man there will get that by conuersation hee will neuer learne either by Letters or report Who knowes not that wise men to their friends will say that which they will neuer write to them Besides if a man hold correspondency abroad hee is tyed to the Towne being very hard to keepe it and liue in the Country Those therefore that thus desire to informe and enrich themselues must either liue where it is to bee gotten or else be content with lesse knowledge then other men haue And so for the necessities and conueniences that may induce a man to liue in towne for the present these shall serue Now in a word still supposing as I begunne the man that should either liue or not liue in the Country to be of qualitie and degree I will giue my opinion how and in what manner he must dispose himselfe and then end In the forming of this sentence I will be very short but first lay this foundation that no man is or ought to be so absolutely master of himselfe as to take the liberty of electing that course of life which onely his owne will and inclination gouernes and desires but to follow and direct himselfe in that way which his owne abilities and Countries seruice make and thinke him fit to be disposed vnto it being one principall end of a mans being in this world to be seruiceable in one kinde or other to that Kingdome or Commonwealth where he liues I will therefore first select those whom necessitie and conuenience seclude from a Country Life who are such as be in the place of necessarie attendance about a King or Prince or such as finding their presence there well esteemed of doe for the encrease and continuation of their fauour at Court giue their attendance but that obseruance then ought to proceede rather out of respect and dutie then particular and priuate ends for he is very vnworthy of a Princes fauour which is freely bestowed if in his loue and hearty affection hee truely and reciprocally returne not the best of his seruice Others also that sit at the Helme and haue the charge of great affaires and guiding in the State are bound to continuall residence and so such as bee appointed to any iudiciall places and Magistracie or any other office that forceth their presence in towne or if a man haue any tedious businesse or suite that calleth them vp and requires there their frequent attendance And lastly it is conuenient for such to liue about the Towne and Court who haue neither settled state nor calling in the Country because a man that hath there nothing to do and little to liue on can hardly be tyed to a worse place whilest in the meane time liuing abroad they make better vse of their time by conuersation and knowing of men as well as bookes by that way to inable their sufficiencie for any employment publike or priuate in Towne or the Country that the state and their owne indeuours may in time aduance them vnto And so these excepted I thinke that notwithstanding the conueniences allurements and aduantages which cause most men to be so much in loue with liuing about the Towne and Court the Country to bee the proper spheare for all of qualitie besides In that place they may doe most good as well by their gouernment and direction as hospitality and house-keeping For men of equall rankes can not altogether bee of equall employment in that they must submit to the choise and opinion of the Prince and State and goe on in that path that they direct them And though it be true that the greatest businesse of the State is commonly directed and concluded aboue yet most they there consult vpon is for the common good and that is the good of the Country which then ought not to be abandoned and left naked Once allow but that libertie there are few Noblemen or Gentlemen there of qualitie who will not pick an occasiō to liue out of their country Those therefore whose seruices be found to be of vse and necessity there and haue no other calling to diuert them are bound not to relinquish that confidence and trust which the State hath reposed in them But yet it seemes very hard so strictly to confine and imprison a man of ranke and qualitie and truely in my opinion I cannot thinke it to be either reasonable or conuenient for by that meanes their former endeuours would bee lost experience abated therefore I mitigate thus Their settled houses and family must needs bee in the Country but for to make themselues altogether strangers from the Court and Towne is too strict and withall not very safe for such men to lose their friends and acquaintance at Court for the keeping of home Though a man bee not tyed to a continual attendance yet he is to some and if he be but now then there his estimation and respect will bee rather more then lesse when hee comes but seldome So I conclude such a man should neither be a Plebeian nor Citizen more in the Country sometimes at Court mixed together but as the Frenchmen doe allay their drinke three parts water to one of Wine Of Religion THere was neuer yet Nation or people either Ciuill or Barbarous that accounted not a Prescript or Law for a kinde of diuine thing and such vnruly and vntamed desires as would not be restrained by that bridle haue beene euer esteemed worthily to suffer such punishments whether Corporall Pecuniary or Capitall as the lawes haue inflicted If the lawes then of men doe deserue and indeede worthily such reuerence without doubt that Law which a mans Maker layes vpon him doth beyond the degrees of comparison merit a farre higher valuation the particulars whereof be diuers but the generall head that
be set forth in painting the Martyrdomes as they call it of such as suffered persecution and death for their Religion in England And in this now amongst the rest are Campian and Garnet and the Hangman and Tyborne as perfectly described as if they were better acquainted with the place and person Here is also a Library consisting most of Controuersies To the maintenance of this Church and Colledge there bee some lands appointed besides other pensions that they receiue from the Pope and King of Spaine The persons here bee all English and were gouerned by a Rector of the Iesuites order called Father Owen lately dead They are al Priests and yong Youths sent thither out of England to bee brought vp in Philosophy and Diuinitie in number about 120. all going in the habit of Schollers and no sooner come thither but they take vpon them false and supposititious names as the Rector himselfe told mee This towne is full of Monasteries and Religious houses many publique Schooles where Diuinitie and Philosophy are read in Lectures and many publique Libraries Besides there be sundry Hospitals for strangers maymed poore sicke and madde folkes The number of the Churches be about 140. And so I will leaue this part Now for my obseruation it is this to shew the Policy that they vse for confirmation and establishing of their Religion and consists first in an outward shew of deuotion with strange expressions of humility set forth in the poore and austere life of many orders in their sundry acts of penitence in their dayly visitation of their Churches in their outward actions of griefe and repentance at the celebration of Masse Wherein is inserted all possible inuentions to catch mens affections and to rauish their vnderstanding as first the gloriousnesse of their Altars infinit numbers of images priestly ornaments and the diuers actions they vse in that seruice besides the most excellent and exquisite Musike of the world that surprizes our eares So that whatsoeuer can be imagined to expresse either Solemnitie or Deuotion is by them vsed Their next way is in their acts of Charitie wherein they exceed and imagine this a great argument to make the world beleeue the truth certainty of their Religion The third is their boasting of miracles with which they make such a noise and would haue them infallible arguments to vphold their faith but when a man sees the ridiculousnesse and finds proued the falsitie of them they are of great force to perswade the contrary For example if a man going down a payre of stayres by chance his foot should slip he would presently make a miracle of it and say that in that instant he called vpon Saint Francis or San Carlo or some other Saint by whose prayers hee was relieued that otherwise he had maymed himselfe or lost his life Or if in riding in a Coach it by chance be ouerthrown he presently attributes to some Saint whom he then inuoked the liberation of him froÌ„ an imminent danger and with the expressions of these miracles all the Churches be hung full But for others that be more straÌ„ge it is certaine hath been proued that many of them are false and broached onely to delude the people which may giue a great suspition to the rest But more it is the Iesuites doctrine and they labour to proue it lawfull to forge a miracle for the furtherance of their Religion By which Position if any thing happen which may seeme a wonder as in the recouery of some desperate sicknes wound or the like in the attribution of it to some particular Saint or extraordinary operation by their meanes they diminish the power and glory of God And if any signe should happen to confirme it of which they will nominate thousands as the bleeding of a Crucifix the speaking of an Image c. It may as well shew the now delusiue power of the Diuell still blinding the eyes of the world in this kinde as hee hath formerly done by Oracles Now the last policy is in the course of their teaching and disciplining which I will onely exemplifie by the practice of our English there First there shall no scandall passe that they will not be sure to lay vpon our Religion And this at the first they beate and insinuate into the eares of their Nouices Next they vse all possible Art to magnifie their owne in the meane time barring the reading of any defence of our parts and put them to studie such bookes as bee written against vs so that they will conclude a Iudgement before both parts bee heard But when they haue them more strongly grounded and they bee sure that their opinion is preiudicated they will suffer them then to reade some of our bookes but by the way this libertie is seldome giuen to Italians and then for our selues that be so strongly instructed of one side and strangely opinionated of the other hee is a rare man and receiues from God a great blessing that euer findes the true difference And thus being wouen in their nets they be in a manner destitute of all possibility of recouery And so much for this Now next in order it followes that somthing be said of the present strength of this place and of what force it is against forraigne or domestique enemies And in my opinion it is of no great power For examples haue shewed that it hath suffered diuers surprizes so that of necessity it must be of lesse ability now to withstand then before For place of strength it hath onely the Castle of Saint Angelo and that also very weake to withstand any strong assault But the truth is there be so many Princes in league with this Sea and â—yed in so diuers obligations vnto it that it is free from danger without the Turke should make a warre and then there is so strong opposition like to be made by the Princes of Italy and other forraigners that it will be hard to preuaile against it if the Emperour Italy it selfe the King of France and Spaine should not cast off their yoke and subiection if so then it were impossible for the Bishop of Rome by his owne strength to oppose or subsist Now for the gouernment of this place it is wholly subiect to the Pope which hee holds as a temporall prince but solely guided by spirituall Ministers all causes of iudgement in matters diuine are brought hither as to the last Court of Appeale for finall sentences For the Popes Reuenue that which hee receiues from his own principalities is the least part the rest consists in the Fayre of Indulgences liberation from Purgatory conferring of Church-liuings sale of Offices Pensions from other Princes and the like The treasure is neuer great in respect of the changes of their Gouernours who for the most part haue employed all the Reuenue of the Church to their owne priuate families and friends If vpon occasion they bee forced to make any great and suddaine supply they make bold with the