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A54635	Britannia languens: or, A discourse of trade shewing, that the present management of trade in England, is the true reason of the decay of our manufactures, and the late great fall of land-rents; and that the increase of trade, in the method it now stands in, must proportionably decay England. Wherein is particularly demonstrated, that the East-India Company, as now managed, has already near destroyed our trade in those parts, as well as that with Turky, and in short time must necessarily beggar the nation. Humbly offered to the consideration of this present Parliament.	Petyt, William, 1636-1707.	1689 (1689)	Wing P1947; ESTC R218978	144,323	343

should permit his raw materials to be Exported into Forreign Countreys or should himself make great store of knots of felters in his Yarn he would soon have a very slender or difficult business of it so great an odds there is in the different disposition of the ordinary industry of the people that on the one hand they may be thrust on in the pursuit of private interest destructive to the publick and be obliged like Cannibals to live by devouring one another by which they must continually and inevitably wound and weaken the publick when on the other their ordinary labours more aptly and industriously methodized shall as unavoidably aggrandize that Government which protects them and this without the Midwifery of those Arts Shifts and Projections which otherwise may be found necessary for its more present Support More particularly it appears That the present French power which is now the admiration and terror of the World hath no other foundation and therefore is not derived from the meer despotick Form of that Government as some would insinuate but from a prudent Relaxation of the Rigor of it towards the persons and Stocks of the Trading part of that people this Form of Government being in its nature the most incompatible with Trade of all others nor probably had Trade ever received any encouragement in France but upon a necessity this Monarchy being become absolute was yet low poor and despicable beset round about with Spanish Forces Territories and Allies and poisoned with Spanish Pensions within and therefore ready to become a Spanish Province It was then that this Monarchy found absoluteness without sufficient Treasure was but a trifle That Arbitrary power might force store of Blood and Tears from the people but not of Money unless they had it It was then that the opening and growth of the Dutch Trade presented an expedient of drawing in greater quantities of the diffused Treasures of the World into France by a Machine of home-Manufactures than the Spaniards could directly from their Mines which therefore was embraced by the dying hands of this Monarchy and supported and improved ever since by a Succession of understanding men which apparently was not done by any peculiar virtue in this Form of Government but by a necessary Abating of its inherent rapaciousness which otherwise would have swallowed up every Sols of the stocks imployed in Manufactures and other Trade and thereby would have driven away the people as may be seen in the strong Governments of Turkey Muscovy Spain and others The French Councils discerning where the true strength of Empire lay were not so bewitch't with the lusciousness of their Arbitrary power as to seek any such extreme execution of it their policies have long gone another way as may be infallibly collected from the effects and by other lights So long ago as Henry the Third's time of France Bernard de Gerrard Lord of Haillan a great Politician in his time presented an excellent piece to that King intituled The Estate and Success of the Affairs of France thereby representing by what courses that Kingdom had been or might be aggrandized or weakened amongst others he highly recommends the Support of the Populacy beginning thus The people are by Justice to be preserved in liberty as will to Trade as to Labour and to do every thing belonging to their degree by these the Kingdom are maintained and enriched in general and particular if they bear the charge of Tailles so are they to be cherished defended and sustained by the Nobles as formerly they were and now ought to be from the violences and oppressions of their Neighbours and by the King and Justice from the insolence of the Nobles For so it was that the Nobles or Gentry being discharged of the Tailles had given up the Constitution of Estates for which they had been indulged with a kind of despotick power within their own particular Fiefs from whose barbarities proceeded the greatest sufferings of the people whereof this Author is not nice or sparing to give several instances too long to recite I have troubled you with this citation because this piece was by the Author Re-dedicated to Henry the Fourth whom the Author tells in his Epistle That his Predecessor Henry the 3 d. used to read it with an Appetite and yet the Author goes so far as to applaud the Antient Constitution of the Estates or Parliaments in France affirming them to have been the mutual Succour Medicine and Remedy both of the King and People in all their Calamities If we come to the Reign of Lewis the 13th under the Administration of Cardinal Richelieus we may Judg how vigilant the French Councils were in his time for the Increase of People and Trade by two great Instances mentioned before First in the Toleration of Protestants after a Victorious Reduction of all their strengths by force of Arms this mighty Prince and his wise Ministers overcame all resentments to advance and cement the glory of his Empire so that 't is observed by Dr. Heylin That the Protestants never had the Exercise of their Religion with so much freedom as they had after their reducing of their Forts and Garrisons to this King's obedience Secondly by moderating of Customs and Port-duties on Merchandizes which in the Reigns of his Predecessors been raised and accumulated by about Twenty several Edicts but in his time were in a manner taken off as appears by what Sir Walter Raleigh Represented to King James about sixty years since cited before but if we would at once discover how far the French Politicks have inclined this way we may observe them as they are Digested and Refined in the prodigious Book so entituled written as appears several years since the Authority of which piece though already famous I shall give a farther account of where in the Chapter of Finances it being first observed That a State is no further Powerful than proportionably to the Richness of its publick Treasury and the greatness of the yearly Income that maintains it it is laid as a farther unalterable Maxime That the Fundamental Wealth of a State consists in the multitude of Subjects for its Men that Till the Ground produce Manufactures that manage Trade that go to War that people Colonies and in a word that bring in Money To make way in France for the multiplying of Men divers courses are there dictated to oblige both Men and Women to Marry viz. By Freedoms and Exemptions in Case they do and have many Children now established by an Edict and by Penalties in case they do not whence it may be observed what Estimate the French Politicks put upon Marriage In the Chapter of the 3 d Estate thus There cannot be too great a number of Husbandmen in France by reason of the Fertility of the Countrey and our Corn being Transported into Forreign Countries we ought to make great Stores of it and have as much as may be in a readiness which

of the 76 years mentioned in the Accompt from the Mint many of them within 20 years last SECT XI Particular decays in our Exportations and the beneficial parts of our Trade Instances in the decay of our Foreign-Trade for Woollen Clothing in the several Countries and Ports we Traded to in the sinking of the foreign price of this Manufacture so of exporting Wooll in our foreign victualling Trades for Flesh Butter Cheese c. in our Irish Trade and Scotch Trade for almost all sorts of Commodities Irish Wooll increased The Expiration of the Irish Acts will not now revest that Trade but prejudice us more and in what decays in our several former and late Fishing-Trades in our Foreign-Trade for Stockings and Hats in our exports to the Canaries in the Foreign-Price of our exported Tyn and Lead and the Price and quantity of exported Pewter in our Trade from Port to Port our former and late prejudices in our Plantation-Trade incidently of our Navigation and other things I Shall begin with our Exportations and as I shall pass from one particular to another in this and the next Section shall desire the indifferent Reader to put such an estimation on our losses in Trade as he shall think reasonable and shall first instance in our Woollen Manufactures as being our principal Commodity and certainly of the most general and necessary use and therefore in its nature the best in the World. Before Edward the thirds time the Flemings Manufactured our Wooll and had the Merchandize of it which gave the original Foundation to the former Wealth and Popularity of the Netherlands Edw. 3. observing the great advantages the Flemings made of our Wooll brought over some Flemish Manufacturers who by degrees taught the Manufacture of Cloaths of all sorts Worsted and divers others particularly mentioned in our Statutes of former times and as the English more applied themselves to it and increased ours as soon they did so did that of the Flemings decay For first the English had the materials cheaper than the Flemings not only by the odds in the carriage out of England but because the raw Woolls afterwards exported were charged with great Customs and Duties to the King as appears by the Acts and Writings of those times Secondly Because the Manufacture was continually incouraged and taken care of by Laws for that purpose as also appears by our statute-Statute-Book Thirdly At that time we had none of the present Clogs on our Manufactures which have either become so by the better Methods of Trade first contrived by the Dutch States or have been grafted upon us by private or mistaken interests long since Edw. 3 ds time I do not find that there was any absolute Prohibition of exporting Wooll till the Statute of the 12th of His now Majesty chap. 32. yet the example of our cunning Neighbours now tell us that Prohibitions accompanied with a due Improvement of Trade at home are not to be condemned The Flemish Cloath-trade was long since so far reduced that we had the sole Merchandise of it yet it cannot be denyed but the Flemings kept up a Manufacture of a sort of Stuffs and Sayes but of no great bulk the make whereof the English had not been taught till the Duke of Alva about 100 years since by his Tyranny and Persecution for Conscience drove away their Manufacturers whom Queen Elizabeth like her wise Predecessor Edward the third entertained seating them in Norwich Colchester and Canterbury whereby these Manufactures became incorporated into the English to the great advantage of those parts and of the Nation in general they also taught us the art of making Tapestry Before this the English exported great quantities of our Manufacture into Flanders but doubtless more afterwards for which we kept a rich Staple at Antwerp the Dutch long after they became States were ignorant of this Manufacture whom we therefore wholly supplied exporting vast quantities of our Cloaths thither most Whites which were there dyed and dressed and from these parts transmitted into the Southern and South-east Countries of Germany and many other Nations we had also the sole trade up the Elbe and thereby to the North parts of Germany Jutland and Holsteyne We had the sole Trade into Denmark Norway Swedeland and Liefland and to the great Territory of Poland through Dantzick by our Eastland Company formerly very flourishing and called the Royal Company We had also the sole Trade to the vast Empire of Muscovy All which Trades are sunk to a small matter the Dutch having set up mighty Woollen Manufactures of all sorts and the Flemings renewed or enlarged theirs our exports to those parts are very much reduced Our Hamburgh Company by whom the North parts of Germany Jutland and Holsteyne were supplied do not vend near half what they did the Dutch and other Manufactures having prevailed upon us in those parts both for the Finest and Coursest Cloaths what we now export to Hamburgh are a sort of Cloaths of between 3 and 7 s. a Yard and of those not near the former quantity Then for our Eastland Trade it is sunk more I have heard several Estimates all near concurring with what I find in Mr. Cokes third Treatise of Trade dedicated to Prince Rupert viz. That this Company only heretofore usually exported above 20000 Broad Cloaths 60000 Kerseys and 40000 Doubles yearly but of late years not above 4000 Broad Cloaths 5000 Kerseys and 2000 Doubles To give this worthy Gentleman his due he hath written more materially on the present subject than any man in this Age in which he hath not only demonstrated his deep Judgement but his great sedulity and sincerity in the discovery of the truth professing himself ready to make out whatsoever he hath reported before any Judicature There is too much reason and fact to warrant the great decay of this Eastland Trade when the Dutch Manufacture is arrived to such a degree besides which the Silesian and Polonian Manufactures of Coarse Woolls are mightily increased so that at Dantzick our late great staple we now sell so little that 't is not worth the naming we now trade thither with Treasure whence we used to Import much the like may be said of other Ports this Company formerly traded to Then for Swedeland the Natives have lately set up a Manufacture there of their Coarse Woolls as well as Denmark Liefland and Norway are very much supplied by the Dutch imposing greater Prices and Customs upon us for what they vend and insisting to have Treasure of us where before they bartered for Commodity To which I may add That our late great Muscovy Trade is in a manner lost the same Mr. Coke takes notice that the Dutch send 1500 Sail of Ships into the Sound in a year and 40 to Muscovy we do not send above seven into the Sound in a year of which two are laden with woollen Manufactures the other five with Ballast and are therefore to buy their foreign lading and

made at Paris Rouen Chaimant S. Eslieres in Forests 4. A great quantity of Serges which are made at Chalons Chartres Estammes and Rhemes and great quantities of Serges made at Amiens Crevecoeur Blicourt and other Towns in Picardy 5. In Bever Demicaster and Felt-Hats made in the City and Suburbs of Paris besides many others made at Rouen Lyons and other places 6. In Feathers Belts Girdles Hatbands Fans Hoods Masks gilt and wrought Looking-Glasses Cabinets Watches Pictures Cases Medals Tablets Bracelets and other such like Ware. 7. In Pins Needles Box-Combs Tortoise-shell-Combs and such like 8. In Perfumed and Trimmed Gloves that are made at Paris Rouen Clendosme Clermont and other places 9. In Papers of all sorts which are made at Auvergne Poictou Limosin Champaigne and Normandy 10. In all sorts of Ironmongers Wares that are made in Forrests Auvergne and other places 11. In Linnen Cloth that is made in Brittany and Normandy as well Course as Fine 12. In Houshold-stuff consisting of Beds Matresses Coverlids Hangings Fringes of Silk and other Furniture 13. In Wines from Gascoigne Mantois and other places on the River of Loyer and also from Burdeaux Rochel Nante Rouen and other places 14. In Aqua-vitae Cyder Vinegar Verjuise and such like 15. In Saffron Castle-Soap Honey Almonds Olives Capers Prunes and such like 16. Besides 5 or 600 Vessels of Salt loaden at Maron Rochel Bovage and the Isle of Oleron and Isle of Rhee But that the Commodities Imported out of England into France consisting chiefly of Woollen Cloathes Serges Knit Stockings Lead Pewter Allom Coals and all else did not amount to above a Million yearly which left the over-ballance 1600000 l. 'T is true that since this there was an Estimate of the French Overballance taken in England by some English Merchants from the Entries of the Port of London by which it was computed that the French Overballance amounted to about a Million This was presented by our Merchants to our Lords Commissioners upon a Treaty of Commerce with France in 74. which came to no conclusion and afterwards to the Parliament which seems to impeach the Estimate of the French Overballance reported by Mr. Fortrey as to the Quantum This I need not contend since if the French Overballance had been no more than a Million it was enough to impoverish us considering our Importations from other Forreign Nations But that I may not totally desert Mr. Fortrey I shall take notice that this English Computation was taken from the Entries of the Port of London only from whence there may not be any so Just a calculation for all the rest of our Ports and that the Entries do not comprehend any of those French Commodities which were prohibited by our former Laws and are therefore Imported without Entry which are accompted to amount to some Hundreds of thousand pounds yearly perhaps near to another Million But on the other side that the French Entries must be certain as to the Exportations from France that Mr. Fortrey would not be willing to falsify with His Majestie of England nor the French Ministers with the French King in a matter so important Nor is it to be thought that our Importations from France decreased in quantity or value since Mr. Fortrey wrote to the time of the Prohibition but rather increased whereof our Merchants then gave an instance in Wines and Brandies from the Entries of the Port of London as followeth From Mich. 1663. to Mich. 1664. There was Imported into the Port of London 6828 Tuns of French Wine and then the quantity of Brandy was so small and inconsiderable that it deserves not to be noted From Mich. 67 to Mich. 69 There was Imported into the Port of London in the said two years 17000 Tuns of French Wine and of Brandy about 3000 Tun. From Mich. 72 to Mich. 74 Was Imported into the Port of London 22500 Tuns of French Wine From Mich. 71 to Mich. 73 Was Imported to London 7315 Tuns of Brandy From Mich. 73 to Mich. 74 Was Imported to London as near as can be computed 5000 Tuns of Brandy and every Tun of Brandy consuming about 5 Tuns of Wine makes the quantity of 25000 Tuns of Wine This I the rather take notice of here because from hence it doth also appear that the Additional Impositions on French Wines and Brandies by our Parliament in 67 did not make the Importation of them less tolerable or practicable than before and therefore were only Impositions on the English Subject Nay the French have been able to raise the Prices of their Wines and Brandies upon us even since 67 as the same Merchants represented For In 67 Langoon Wine in France was not above 43 Crowns per Tun clear aboard In Anno 68 the price was 47 Crowns In Anno 69 54 Crowns In Anno 70 52 Crowns In Anno 71 55 Crowns In Anno 72 50 Crowns In Anno 73 56 Crowns In Anno 74 70 Crowns And all sorts of Clarrets are risen double the price since the year 67 So said the Merchants in the year 74 and whosoever will take the pains to look into the custom-Custom-Books will find a mighty Increase of Imported French Wine and Brandy since 74 to the time of the Prohibition and that for several years last past our Importation of French Linnen Silks and other Commodities have also continually grown upon us whereof we have an infallible Evidence in the continual Rising of our Customs I have heard that the quantity of French Wines Imported in 1676. made about 36000 Tuns of Wine and that about the years 50 51 and 52 the quantity yearly Imported was about 3000 Tuns of Wine But on the other side the French Policies have been as industrious to suppress our English Trade upon which they have gradually imposed more and more Taxes and at last so great that it amounts to a Prohibition as may be Instanced in our Woollen Manufacture In the year 1632 the Duty on an English Broad Cloth Imported into France was 6 Livres In Anno 44 it was raised to 9 Livres In Anno 54 to 30 Livres In Anno 64 to 40 Livres and yet did the English continue to Export considerable quantities of our Woollen Cloathes into France But in Anno 67 being after Mr. Fortrey wrote it was raised to 80 Livres which is about 50 per Cent. A piece of Serge in Anno 32 per 1 Livre In Anno 54 5 Livres In 64 6 Livres In 67 12 Livres which also amounting to about 50 per Cent. was equal or worse than an express Prohibition so that all our Exportations of our home-Commodities to France in the year 1669. amounted but to 171021 l. 6. s. as it was Calculated from our own Entries if my Copy be true It will not be a Digression to shew how Industrious the French Policies have been to suppress our Trade to other Nations It is now about five years since that our Merchants observing the Dutch other Neighbour Nations to be in War

an hundred other instances Thus have the Dutch in a blind pursuit of their particular Interests built up a Prodigie of Power which having of late propagated a great Navigation of its own as I shall more particularly shew is now so swelling and of so Serpentine a Nature that it is ready to devour those who first gave it life The yearly value of the late and present Exports from France may be computed by what the English only took off which supposing to be more moderate than Mr. Fortrey Reports which yet I do not admit viz. but two Millions Sterling what a vast yearly Sum must it amount to Since there is great reason to think and I speak upon the best Authority I can meet with that the Dutch have taken off seven or eight times more yearly than the English For besides the mighty quantities of Salt Wine and Brandy which they themselves Consume they Export vastly more of these and All other French Commodities to other Nations the French Trade being indeed the principal Foundation of most of the ordinary Dutch Trade from Port to Port. Besides the Dutch the Hamburghers Lubeckers Swedes Danes and most or all other Mercantile Nations in this Part of the World do yearly Freight themselves at the French Ports which must be one reason and perhaps as yet the principal why the French Language is become so Vniversal whilest the French take very little Consumptive Commodity from these nor yet from the Dutch or English but East-India Spice Callicoes c. a Trade which the French King hath also manifestly designed to engage in by an Association and Contribution of Stock in France and his Attempts to get footing in divers places of the East-Indies some time will shew what his Success may be or whether at a Lump he hopes to Unite the Dutch Trade and Strengths in those Parts to himself by an Union of the Dutch Provinces and their Navigation to his present Empire and whether then our English Factories there will be able to preserve themselves against daily Violations and utter Extirpation In the mean time upon what hath been said let the Reader compute how many Millions Sterling must already yearly enter into France by the Annual Vent of so Prodigious a Store of Commodities it must be much the better part of Twenty Millions I find it affirmed by a small Piece lately Printed Intituled An Accompt of the French Vsurpations upon England which seems Written by a man of good Judgment That from the Northern Countries only the French Wines now bring in 25 Millions of Florens their Salt 10 Millions of Florens Brandy 5 Millions their Silks Stuffs Toyes and Fripperies 40 Millions of Florens more What then do the French receive from all the other Regions of the World for these and other things All which hath been visible in the gradual Increase of the French Power from the time the Dutch Provinces began to Trade It must be admitted that both before and since the French Monarchy became Absolute this being a great and populous Nation was able to bring Considerable Armies into the Field but they could get little or no ground by Arms on any of their Neighbours or soon lost what they got The People were abject and recreant and more the Ridicule than the terror of their Neighbours the English and Spanish Treasures and Strengths were notoriously too big for them the English Conquered them several times the Spaniards more lately beat them out of Navarre Naples and Millan and by their Faction in France drove Henry the 3d. out of Paris and most of his other best Cities and afterwards not above 80 years since supported the Holy League with Arms and Money against Henry the 4th under the Conduct of the Duke of Mayence both which Princes fell by the hands of Priests for the Spaniards were then the strongest side This Superiority of the Spanish Power made all the Kings of France from Charles the 8 th to Lewis the 13 th inclusive glad to seek a Support from the English and the more to endear themselves got to be Knights of the Garter except Francis the 2 d. a King of one year and no more these were Lewis the 12 th Francis the 1 st Henry the 2 d Charles the 9 th and the said Henry the 3 d and the 4 th if we go higher to Lewis the 11 th who next preceded Charles the 8 th we may Compute his Treasure and Grandure by a Reckoning found in the Chamber of Accompts at Paris of 2 s. for new Sleeves to his old Doublet and three Half-pence for Liquor to grease his Boots 'T is like he was the poorer because he and the rest paid a kind of Tribute of 50000 Crowns per Annum to the King of England for 100 years together before this they were almost continually wasted by the English till our Dissentions at home called our Forces away leaving Charles the 7 th Predecessor of this Lewis the 11 th to take Possession of what he pleased except Calais But soon after the French Ports were frequented by the Dutch Navigation we find the State of France begin to alter the said Henry the 4 th having reduced the Holy League grew a Mighty Prince added la Bresse Bearne and Base Navarre to the Crown and enjoyed a 10 years Peace though at last Murthered Lewis the 13 th was yet more powerful besides the Reduction of the Huguenots and of above 300 Walled Towns then in their hands he added or revested to that Crown the Dukedoms of Barre and Lorrain and other acquests in Germany Italy the Belgick Provinces and other parts of the Spanish Dominions in which and in Italy he was able at once to maintain five Royal Armies in the Field keeping no less than 120000 Men in Pay and Action for many years together besides his Garrisons and yet is the Power of France since vastly increased whereof every man is or has reason to be sensible I shall refer the particular Consideration of it till the last Section In the mean time I shall only add what I find in Dr. Heylin's Book of Geography p. 238 who being to give an Accompt of the Revenue of that Countrey tells us That Lewis the 11 th gathered one Million and an half of Crowns Francis the 1 st brought them to three Millions his Successor Henry the 2 d. to six Charles the 9 th to seven Henry the 3 d. to ten Henry the 4 th from two to five Millions Sterling This he attributes meerly to the more Despotical Power and greater Tyranny of the later Princes and might be so in some measure For in the time of Charles the 7 th whilst in War with the English there was an Act by the Three French Estates that the King might raise Money in case of Necessity which Power 't is likely was not at first used so moderately as it was after However we cannot think Henry the 4 th could leap from two Millions to

plentys of Ireland have invited over dayly Stat. 39. Eliz. 4th 7. Jacob. 4.14 Car. 2.12 By the Maps of England it is found to contain 29568000. Acres besides that which is allowed for High-ways all the United Provinces are hardly so big as Yorkshire Besides the Common Law these Statutes 1 R. 3.9 21 H. 8.16 22 H 8.13 32 H. 8.16 25 H. 8.9 14 H. 8.3 4 H. 7.23 and many others of former date to which are added 12 Car. 2.16 14 Car. 2.11 and 15 Car. 2.7 See Sir William Temples Book of the Dutch Chap. the 6 th See Sir William Temple Chap. of Religion Mr. Fox Dr. Heylin observes that after the Toleration of Protestants in France the other Party in Religion having the countenance of the State and the Prescription and Possession of so many years to confirm the same is in as prosperous a condition both for Power and Patrimony as any that acknowledgeth the Authority of the Popes of Rome Geogr. 176. See Mr. Mun of Foreign Trade Chap. 12. p. 83 to 92. and that the over ballance of Trade in any particular Country causes the Exchange to be high so that the exporting of money shall save the Merchant 10 l. per Cent. or more as the exchange is Author of the grounds and reasons of the contempt of the English Clergy pag. 141. Plate Coined by the King at Oxon and Parliament at London Pag. 33 34. Pag. 112. This value of our exported Cloathing to France is avouched by our Antient Traders thither and so asserted in the Printed Book in 77 in defence of our East-India Company Mr. Smith cited before reasonably computes other Nations gain 10000000 l. per annum by this Fishing Trade only whereof the Dutch above 5000000 l. Mr. Mun in 63. saith It was found that all our Exported Fish of all sorts amounted to but 140000 l. per annum Pag. 184. See before The Canary Wines are computed at about 13000 Pipes yearly which at 20 l. per Pipe amounts to 260000 l. per Annum and that our Commodities Exported thither do amount to about 65000 l. per Annum In Anno 63 and 73 Mr. Fortrey first Printed his Book in 63 Mr. Mun of Forreign Trade pag. 149. Notes That all the great Losses we receive at Sea in our Shipping either outward or homeward bound ought to be considered in the Ballance for the value of the one is to be Deducted from our Exportations and the value of the other from our Importations Here may be added the vast Sums and Riches which already are and Annually will be Transported by Papists to France and other Parts but principally to France See before in Section the 7 th Pag. Heylin's Geogr. 236. He began his Reign in the year 1589. and Reigned till 1610. Next Lewis 13 th who died 1642. and since the present Lewis the 14 th Pag. 61. As for Mr. Mun's proposal to Export Money in Trade I have spoken to it before and besides he recommends the Reduction of the Customs and easing of Trade which if fully done it might be then convenient Pag. 231 232 234. Pag. 195. Pag. 207. Geogr. 176. Bernard de Gerrard of Finances See before Sect. 7 th French Politicks pag. 108 109. Pag. 67. Pag. 68. See Sir William Temple of the Dutch cap. 1. Note most of that Fleet which the Algerines had which was but small was destroyed by the English at Cape Spartell and Bugia about eight years since They have since Built 40 Men of War from 20 to 50 Guns and upwards besides Brigantines Gallies c. Pag. 162 163. Pag. 165. Pag. 169. Pag. 171. See Sir William Temple of the Dutch Pag. cited before Sect. 12. See The Buckler of State and Justice Printed in 67 by the special Appointment of the Honorable the Lord Arlington Pag. 153. Pag. 154. Beginning Pag. 183. Pag. 186. Pag. 187. Pag. 188. Pag. 189. Pag. 194. Pag. 195. Pag. 189. Pag. 190. See before Pag. The present Lord Chancellour in his Speech to both Houses of Parliament on the 23 d of May 1678. The Gazett for Monday Decemb 29. gives us this Advertisement Hamburgh Dec. 22. The French have hired all the Vessels in this River and the Weser which used to go to France and return with Wines on which they mean to Transport great Quantities of Oats and other Corn which they are therefore buying up in these Parts to Calais Dunkirk and other Places on that Coast. Pag. 192. See the Tryal p. 9. P. 10. P. 11. P. 13. P. 19. P. 27. P. 33. P. 46. (1) A pretty way of expressing plain positive Evidence of several Overt Acts of Treason (2) It might be solemn but could not be counted Religious by any but you whose Religion consists in Lies and Blasphemous Hypocrisie (3) All absolutely false though it might have been the most proper way of Examining such bold young Villains for 't was apparent they did not speak their knowledge but their Masters dictates (4) Another impudent Lie and sure the Jesuits themselves and the Staffordshire Vouchers if they have any shame left will now blush at the story (5) Not the least pretence for this old baffled Scandal (6) O brave Orator sure this Recommendation of such brave service done the Church will hasten Gavens Canonization at least one score or two of years (7) Ay and Soul to boot (8) These four were no less than seven (9) Is he so The honester man he to speak the truth and shame the Devil and the Jesuits But Proh dolor Alas how this grieves you that any one of your Religion should speak Truth when it makes against you (10) And who could forbear to hear how undeniably your Novices were proved to be like their Masters most egregious LIARS Nor yet did the Court laugh but the crowd of people whom the Court took order to silence (11) Better so than that you clap your hands at the murder of the King as some of your Tribe did at that of your Enemy his blessed Father (12) Bravely said Who would confess now To be thus Apostolified would make one venture Purgatory (13) Dear Sir tell us his name he was a Wit undoubtedly unless it were your self A Jury of Turks have done strange things and may acquit any body but these were a Jury of honest Christians and therefore they found them guilty (14) 'T is pity you had not been caught giving the Knaves that Absolution (13) Poor Langhorne not one word of praise for thee methoughts thou lookedst as Apostolically as the best of them but this 't is to be a Lay-man and confess Jesuits Lands See Sir W. Temple of the Dutch Pag. See Josephus of the Siege and Destruction of Hierusalem