those_o to_o they_o which_o make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o world_n sesostris_n ninus_n nabucodonosor_n cyrus_n hercules_n achilles_n homer_n lycurgus_n and_o the_o roman_n proportionable_o but_o i_o will_v join_v thereto_o the_o name_n of_o modern_a history_n which_o yet_o be_v usual_o much_o less_o speak_v of_o to_o child_n william_n the_o conqueror_n godfrey_n of_o boüillon_n sancho_n the_o great_a king_n of_o navarre_n and_o all_o the_o other_o who_o have_v be_v most_o famous_a these_o six_o hundred_o year_n neither_o will_v i_o altogether_o omit_v even_o the_o oriental_n i_o will_v have_v a_o child_n to_o have_v hear_v some_o talk_n of_o the_o cailiff_n of_o bagdad_n and_o cairo_n of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o turk_n and_o that_o of_o the_o mogul_n their_o name_n will_v not_o appear_v to_o they_o so_o barbarous_a afterward_o if_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o they_o betimes_o they_o shall_v also_o make_v use_n of_o geographical_a map_n for_o the_o name_n of_o place_n which_o also_o they_o may_v learn_v according_a to_o the_o difference_n of_o all_o time_n and_o all_o language_n as_o far_o as_o may_v be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o these_o instruction_n i_o will_v not_o confine_v myself_o to_o any_o order_n of_o date_n or_o chronology_n but_o follow_v the_o curiosity_n of_o child_n as_o occasion_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o recount_v to_o they_o all_o these_o name_n and_o action_n the_o matter_n of_o history_n be_v thus_o prepare_v i_o will_v begin_v to_o put_v it_o into_o order_n as_o soon_o as_o my_o scholar_n shall_v be_v ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n old_a i_o will_v then_o make_v he_o observe_v the_o epoch_n which_o be_v use_v in_o the_o reckon_n of_o time_n the_o olympiades_n the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n alexander_n the_o incarnation_n the_o mahometan_a hegira_n but_o i_o will_v not_o embarass_n he_o with_o a_o exact_a chronology_n nor_o oblige_v he_o to_o retain_v the_o mere_a simple_a date_n for_o this_o require_v a_o great_a effort_n of_o memory_n i_o will_v also_o careful_o abstain_v from_o speak_v to_o he_o of_o the_o julian_n period_n and_o i_o will_v not_o use_v even_o the_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n for_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a not_o to_o say_v impossible_a to_o fix_v they_o and_o beside_o they_o be_v not_o of_o great_a use_n since_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o olympiades_n which_o be_v the_o same_o almost_o there_o scarce_o be_v any_o history_n but_o the_o sacred_a the_o succession_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v be_v satisfy_v if_o he_o know_v well_o according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a epoch_n of_o the_o flood_n of_o abraham_n moses_n and_o solomon_n without_o concern_v himself_o much_o about_o the_o total_a sum_n of_o year_n which_o can_v without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o sum_n and_o unto_o those_o person_n and_o occurrency_n which_o be_v most_o know_v to_o we_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o refer_v that_o little_a of_o profane_a history_n which_o there_o be_v in_o these_o time_n danaus_n and_o cecrops_n to_o moses_n cadmus_n to_o joshua_n homer_n to_o the_o prophet_n elias_n leave_v the_o care_n of_o compute_v the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n to_o those_o who_o have_v leisure_n and_o curiosity_n to_o study_n chronology_n more_o profound_o moreover_o i_o will_v often_o repeat_v unto_o he_o certain_a general_n observation_n which_o render_v the_o study_n of_o history_n more_o short_a more_o easy_a and_o more_o useful_a you_o must_v know_v will_v i_o say_v to_o he_o that_o we_o have_v not_o the_o history_n of_o all_o time_n nor_o of_o all_o country_n there_o have_v always_o be_v a_o great_a many_o ignorant_a nation_n and_o of_o those_o who_o have_v write_v there_o be_v very_o few_o who_o book_n we_o know_v all_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ancient_a oriental_n of_o the_o egyptian_n syrian_n chaldean_n and_o persian_n be_v perish_v and_o the_o most_o ancient_a which_o we_o have_v except_o that_o of_o god_n people_n be_v the_o history_n of_o herodotus_n which_o be_v not_o write_v till_o about_o two_o thousand_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n and_o twelve_o hundred_o after_o moses_n to_o the_o time_n of_o jesus_n christ_n we_o have_v scarce_o any_o book_n but_o those_o of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n wherein_o be_v record_v any_o history_n which_o be_v certain_a and_o worthy_a of_o belief_n more_o ancient_a than_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n for_o five_o hundred_o year_n after_o jesus_n christ_n you_o have_v only_o one_o history_n to_o follow_v which_o be_v the_o roman_n but_o after_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n spain_n france_n italy_n and_o england_n compose_v each_o of_o they_o their_o particular_a history_n to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v those_o of_o germany_n hungary_n poland_n sweedland_n and_o denmark_n proportionable_o according_a to_o the_o time_n when_o they_o begin_v nevertheless_o all_o these_o history_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o that_o of_o france_n because_o the_o empire_n of_o charlemaign_n comprehend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o country_n and_o in_o other_o he_o be_v so_o respect_v that_o the_o people_n account_v it_o their_o honour_n to_o imitate_v the_o manner_n of_o his_o subject_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o levantine_n comprise_v all_o the_o nation_n i_o have_v mention_v under_o the_o name_n of_o frank_n this_o be_v the_o succession_n of_o the_o history_n which_o be_v most_o know_v to_o we_o except_o you_o will_v add_v thereunto_o the_o byzantine_n history_n which_o we_o have_v for_o two_o hundred_o year_n as_o for_o that_o of_o the_o musulman_n which_o contain_v all_o that_o have_v pass_v for_o a_o thousand_o year_n in_o egypt_n syria_n persia_n africa_n and_o all_o the_o other_o country_n where_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n be_v spread_v we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o it_o to_o this_o day_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o be_v not_o as_o be_v common_o believe_v because_o the_o mahometan_n have_v write_v nothing_o or_o because_o their_o book_n be_v lose_v for_o there_o be_v as_o much_o of_o their_o history_n alone_o as_o will_v make_v a_o whole_a library_n but_o their_o book_n be_v neither_o print_v nor_o translate_v except_v two_o or_o three_o which_o go_v about_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o curious_a we_o know_v also_o that_o the_o chinese_n have_v a_o long_a succession_n of_o history_n whereof_o we_o have_v have_v in_o latin_a a_o abridgement_n about_o thirty_o year_n since_o we_o know_v that_o the_o indian_n have_v very_o ancient_a tradition_n write_v in_o a_o particular_a language_n we_o know_v something_o of_o the_o history_n of_o mexico_n and_o the_o incaes_n which_o yet_o do_v not_o rise_v very_o high_a and_o within_o these_o two_o hundred_o year_n we_o have_v have_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o relation_n of_o several_a voyage_n this_o be_v all_o that_o we_o know_v of_o history_n we_o see_v how_o little_a it_o be_v in_o comparison_n with_o the_o whole_a compass_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o all_o succession_n of_o age_n yet_o nevertheless_o as_o little_a as_o it_o be_v it_o be_v too_o much_o for_o one_o single_a man_n so_o that_o it_o be_v in_o this_o study_n especial_o we_o shall_v choose_v careful_o and_o limit_v ourselves_o first_o we_o ought_v to_o know_v what_o to_o hold_v to_o as_o to_o the_o beginning_n of_o each_o history_n that_o we_o may_v not_o give_v credit_n to_o fable_n which_o affect_v to_o advance_v too_o high_a the_o sure_a rule_n be_v to_o look_v upon_o all_o that_o as_o suspicious_a which_o precede_v the_o time_n when_o each_o nation_n receive_v the_o use_n of_o letter_n beside_o the_o quality_n and_o the_o time_n of_o the_o historian_n shall_v be_v diligent_o observe_v it_o may_v be_v say_v in_o general_a that_o no_o history_n deserve_v credit_n but_o of_o those_o who_o have_v write_v of_o their_o own_o time_n or_o of_o those_o who_o have_v collect_v out_o of_o such_o historian_n who_o book_n by_o a_o successive_a tradition_n may_v have_v be_v deliver_v down_o to_o we_o but_o when_o there_o be_v interruption_n in_o a_o history_n and_o large_a obscure_a vacuity_n all_o that_o go_v before_o aught_o to_o be_v suspect_v i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o this_o order_n and_o these_o general_n rule_v for_o universal_a history_n and_o oblige_v my_o scholar_n to_o have_v a_o more_o special_a insight_n into_o the_o particular_a history_n of_o his_o own_o country_n furthermore_o this_o study_n shall_v be_v very_o different_o extend_v or_o contract_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n a_o man_n of_o indifferent_a condition_n need_v but_o a_o very_a little_a history_n he_o who_o be_v likely_a to_o have_v some_o share_n in_o public_a affair_n shall_v know_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o thereof_o and_o a_o prince_n can_v know_v too_o much_o the_o history_n of_o his_o own_o country_n make_v he_o see_v his_o own_o
poetry_n in_o theory_n study_n and_o the_o read_n of_o the_o ancient_a poet_n not_o but_o that_o a_o man_n if_o he_o know_v they_o well_o may_v profit_v thereby_o especial_o by_o the_o greek_n but_o to_o read_v they_o with_o pleasure_n a_o man_n shall_v so_o well_o know_v their_o language_n their_o mythology_n and_o their_o manner_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o profit_n or_o the_o pleasure_n which_o will_v come_v thereby_o seem_v to_o i_o not_o worth_a all_o this_o toil_n consider_v that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o thing_n beside_o that_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v know_v to_o poetry_n i_o join_v music_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v only_o the_o exercise_n of_o sing_v and_o the_o rule_n for_o manage_n the_o voice_n but_o the_o art_n and_o principle_n of_o these_o rule_n with_o these_o also_o i_o join_v paint_v design_v and_o all_o the_o art_n which_o depend_v thereon_o i_o put_v also_o among_o the_o number_n of_o curious_a study_n all_o those_o part_n of_o mathematics_n which_o go_v beyond_o the_o element_n of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n herein_o i_o count_v perspective_n optic_n astronomy_n the_o theory_n of_o the_o planet_n exactness_n in_o chronology_n the_o inquiry_n after_o antiquity_n as_o medal_n and_o inscription_n the_o read_n of_o travel_n the_o study_n of_o language_n for_o except_v latin_a the_o rest_n may_v be_v rank_v among_o the_o curiosity_n not_o but_o that_o the_o greek_a may_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o all_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v well_o skilled_a in_o philology_n principal_o to_o clergyman_n the_o italian_a and_o the_o spanish_a be_v so_o near_o ally_v to_o the_o french_a that_o as_o little_a as_o our_o genius_n lie_v towards_o language_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o neglect_v they_o as_o for_o other_o strange_a language_n as_o the_o english_a and_o german_a there_o be_v nothing_o but_o particular_a profit_n which_o can_v countervail_v the_o difficulty_n of_o learn_v they_o but_o the_o most_o dangerous_a curiosity_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o of_o the_o oriental_a language_n it_o flatter_v our_o vanity_n as_o be_v singular_a and_o have_v something_o prodigious_a in_o it_o beside_o it_o denote_v a_o profound_a learning_n because_o these_o language_n be_v not_o ordinary_o learned_a but_o after_o those_o which_o be_v more_o common_a but_o in_o truth_n its_o usefulness_n be_v not_o so_o great_a as_o to_o pay_v for_o the_o time_n and_o trouble_v which_o it_o cost_v as_o whole_a nation_n reap_v advantage_n from_o the_o courage_n and_o curiosity_n of_o some_o few_o traveller_n who_o have_v discover_v the_o most_o remote_a country_n and_o from_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o merchant_n who_o daily_a traffic_n therein_o so_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o some_o few_o of_o the_o curious_a by_o their_o translation_n and_o extract_v shall_v let_v we_o know_v the_o book_n of_o the_o arabian_n persian_n and_o other_o oriental_n curiosity_n go_v much_o beyond_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o memory_n or_o even_o of_o life_n itself_o and_o among_o the_o curious_a themselves_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o each_o of_o they_o will_v limit_v himself_o to_o one_o language_n that_o he_o may_v know_v it_o well_o or_o at_o most_o to_o two_o or_o three_o which_o have_v a_o great_a connexion_n betwixt_o one_o another_o rather_o than_o to_o have_v a_o imperfect_a knowledge_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o i_o except_o the_o hebrew_n language_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o holy_a scripture_n which_o it_o be_v hard_a well_o to_o understand_v without_o have_v some_o tincture_n thereof_o and_o i_o account_v it_o very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o church_n that_o there_o be_v always_o several_a clergyman_n who_o understand_v it_o if_o it_o be_v for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o to_o silence_v the_o heretic_n who_o think_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o thereby_o and_o to_o labour_v in_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o those_o country_n where_o they_o be_v but_o except_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o controversy_n i_o will_v not_o oblige_v myself_o to_o read_v many_o rabbin_n there_o be_v more_o to_o be_v lose_v than_o get_v by_o this_o study_n let_v we_o not_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v deceive_v by_o the_o vanity_n of_o know_v that_o which_o all_o other_o be_v ignorant_a of_o let_v we_o consider_v what_o use_v it_o be_v real_o of_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o thing_n useful_a in_o the_o rabbin_n it_o will_v be_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o tradition_n of_o their_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o nation_n but_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o modern_a that_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o believe_v that_o they_o have_v preserve_v these_o tradition_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o of_o they_o old_a than_o five_o hundred_o year_n so_o that_o though_o the_o talmud_n shall_v have_v be_v write_v but_o a_o thousand_o year_n ago_o there_o will_v still_o be_v five_o hundred_o year_n wherein_o these_o tradition_n must_v have_v be_v preserve_v without_o write_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v scarce_o probable_a the_o time_n and_o the_o style_n of_o their_o book_n seem_v to_o show_v that_o they_o write_v only_o in_o emulation_n of_o the_o mahometan_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o one_o have_v so_o much_o inclination_n for_o this_o kind_n of_o study_n as_o to_o give_v himself_o whole_o up_o to_o it_o i_o will_v have_v he_o to_o confine_v himself_o chief_o to_o the_o talmud_n where_o he_o will_v doubtless_o find_v their_o most_o ancient_a and_o profitable_a tradition_n for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n principal_o after_o their_o return_n out_o of_o captivity_n to_o their_o entire_a dispersion_n under_o the_o roman_n but_o this_o labour_n be_v too_o painful_a and_o unpleasant_a to_o invite_v many_o man_n to_o undertake_v it_o another_o curious_a study_n which_o yet_o may_v be_v very_o useful_a be_v the_o theory_n of_o the_o different_a trade_n and_o manufacture_n in_o this_o rank_n also_o i_o place_v the_o knowledge_n of_o plant_n not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v useful_a but_o of_o all_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o they_o and_o likewise_o of_o animal_n and_o all_o natural_a history_n proportionable_o the_o experiment_n of_o chemistry_n or_o of_o other_o art_n whereby_o new_a secret_n have_v be_v discover_v the_o different_a system_n which_o the_o philosopher_n have_v invent_v for_o the_o explain_v the_o effect_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o a_o word_n all_o physics_n or_o natural_a philosophy_n i_o call_v all_o this_o curiosity_n it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v busy_v therein_o than_o to_o be_v idle_a or_o devote_v one_o self_n to_o play_n but_o a_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o cautious_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o he_o do_v not_o so_o deliver_v himself_o up_o to_o curiosity_n as_o to_o quit_v the_o essential_a duty_n of_o life_n as_o to_o neglect_v business_n and_o more_o useful_a study_n though_o less_o pleasant_a as_o to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o bodily_a exercise_n which_o preserve_v his_o health_n or_o of_o necessary_a diversion_n for_o unbending_a the_o mind_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o condition_n of_o apply_v itself_o to_o more_o useful_a thing_n it_o be_v this_o passion_n of_o curiosity_n which_o do_v most_o harm_n to_o learned_a man_n though_o otherwise_o it_o often_o conduce_v to_o the_o carry_v on_o certain_a piece_n of_o knowledge_n very_o far_o but_o for_o this_o end_n it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o some_o private_a man_n suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v transport_v with_o this_o passion_n i_o put_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o difference_n betwixt_o those_o curiosity_n which_o be_v laudable_a and_o good_a in_o themselves_o study_n and_o those_o study_n which_o be_v bad_a or_o altogether_o useless_a i_o have_v rather_o a_o man_n shall_v do_v nothing_o than_o seek_v after_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n i_o have_v rather_o he_o shall_v be_v ignorant_a than_o know_v the_o great_a or_o the_o little_a art_n of_o raymund_n lul_n which_o make_v a_o man_n to_o know_v nothing_o true_o and_o yet_o to_o believe_v that_o he_o know_v every_o thing_n because_o he_o know_v the_o alphabet_n and_o table_n wherein_o under_o certain_a word_n and_o figure_n be_v place_v notion_n so_o general_a which_o none_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o even_o without_o study_n and_o which_o also_o lead_v to_o nothing_o in_o this_o rank_n likewise_o i_o place_v every_o thing_n that_o deceive_v under_o the_o name_n of_o philosophy_n the_o physics_n which_o give_v a_o man_n no_o knowledge_n of_o nature_n the_o metaphysic_n which_o do_v not_o at_o all_o conduce_v to_o the_o enlighten_v the_o mind_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v down_o the_o great_a and_o fundamental_a principle_n of_o the_o science_n judiciary_n astrology_n be_v still_o more_o despicable_a than_o bad_a philosophy_n see_v it_o have_v less_o appearance_n of_o reason_n and_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dangerous_a because_o its_o design_n be_v to_o know_v what_o be_v to_o come_v and_o engage_v man_n
for_o the_o service_n and_o government_n of_o the_o church_n and_o they_o who_o be_v thus_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o monastery_n do_v usual_o continue_v the_o exercise_n of_o the_o monastic_a life_n in_o the_o state_n of_o the_o priesthood_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o disciple_n from_o whence_o come_v the_o near_a relation_n betwixt_o the_o monastic_a life_n and_o the_o clerical_a etc._n which_o be_v so_o ordinary_a after_o the_o five_o age._n many_o bishop_n live_v in_o common_a with_o their_o priest_n which_o make_v it_o more_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o ecclesiastical_a knowledge_n and_o as_o for_o the_o young_a clerk_n they_o who_o be_v not_o near_o the_o person_n of_o the_o bishop_n live_v with_o some_o holy_a priest_n who_o particular_o take_v care_n of_o their_o education_n there_o be_v still_o some_o profane_a school_n where_o be_v teach_v grammar_n so_o far_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o write_v and_o speak_v correct_o rhetoric_n which_o daily_o become_v more_o affect_v and_o childish_a history_n which_o they_o begin_v altogether_o to_o reduce_v into_o abridgement_n civil_a law_n which_o always_o continue_v because_o it_o depend_v no_o more_o upon_o religion_n than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o mathematics_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o many_o art_n necessary_a unto_o life_n learn_v suffer_v very_o much_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o western_a empire_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o northern_a people_n so_o that_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n of_o it_o leave_v but_o among_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o monk_n in_o truth_n except_v the_o clergy_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o remainder_n of_o the_o roman_n except_o peasant_n and_o artificer_n who_o be_v general_o slave_n the_o frank_n and_o other_o barbarian_n do_v not_o study_v at_o all_o 46._o and_o if_o they_o make_v any_o use_n of_o letter_n for_o the_o usual_a correspondency_n of_o life_n it_o be_v only_o of_o latin_a for_o they_o know_v not_o so_o much_o as_o how_o to_o write_v in_o their_o own_o language_n profane_a study_n as_o philology_n and_o history_n be_v most_o of_o all_o neglect_a it_o do_v not_o become_v clergyman_n to_o busy_v themselves_o with_o they_o it_o be_v well_o know_v how_o sharp_o st._n gregory_n reprove_v didier_n bishop_n of_o vienna_n because_o he_o teach_v grammar_n beside_o have_v few_o book_n and_o less_o convenience_n of_o study_v than_o in_o the_o forego_n age_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o that_o which_o be_v more_o necessary_a that_o be_v to_o what_o immeadiate_o concern_v religion_n charlemaign_n who_o be_v true_o great_a in_o all_o his_o action_n frank_n do_v all_o that_o be_v in_o his_o power_n towards_o the_o re-establishment_n of_o learning_n he_o draw_v together_o from_o all_o quarter_n the_o most_o know_a man_n by_o honour_n and_o reward_n he_o himself_o study_v too_o he_o settle_a school_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o his_o empire_n and_o even_o in_o his_o own_o palace_n which_o be_v like_o a_o walk_a city_n it_o appear_v by_o many_o article_n of_o the_o capitulary_n what_o be_v teach_v therein_o for_o it_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o bishop_n who_o by_o the_o duty_n of_o their_o place_n be_v concern_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o instruction_n of_o youth_n that_o they_o shall_v take_v care_n that_o child_n be_v teach_v grammar_n singing_n cast_v account_n or_o arithmetic_n it_o may_v be_v see_v in_o bede_n work_n who_o live_v sixty_o year_n before_o wherein_o their_o study_n and_o all_o the_o liberal_a art_n do_v consist_v grammar_n be_v then_o necessary_a because_o latin_n be_v altogether_o corrupt_v and_o the_o roman_a language_n rustic_a as_o the_o vulgar_a language_n whence_o the_o french_a be_v derive_v be_v term_v this_o language_n i_o say_v be_v nothing_o but_o a_o uncertain_a and_o monstrous_a jargon_n which_o man_n be_v ashamed_a to_o write_v or_o use_v in_o any_o serious_a business_n as_o for_o the_o german_a language_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o all_o the_o frank_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v write_v and_o to_o be_v use_v in_o some_o translation_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o charlemaign_v himself_o make_v a_o grammar_n for_o it_o the_o sing_v which_o be_v teach_v be_v that_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a office_n reform_v at_o this_o time_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a custom_n and_o thereunto_o be_v join_v some_o rule_n of_o music_n calculation_n or_o computation_n serve_v for_o the_o find_v out_o on_o what_o day_n easter_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v and_o for_o the_o regulate_v the_o year_n it_o comprehend_v also_o the_o most_o necessary_a rule_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o these_o study_n be_v only_o for_o those_o who_o design_v for_o the_o clergy_n thus_o all_o lay_v person_n be_v either_o the_o nobleman_n who_o concern_v themselves_o in_o nothing_o but_o war_n or_o the_o commonalty_n busy_v in_o husbandry_n and_o trade_n charlemaign_a be_v careful_a to_o disperse_v all_o over_o his_o territory_n that_o code_n of_o the_o canon_n which_o he_o receive_v from_o pope_n adrian_n the_o roman_a law_n and_o other_o law_n of_o all_o the_o people_n under_o his_o obedience_n whereof_o he_o make_v new_a edition_n he_o have_v a_o great_a many_o ancient_a history_n and_o he_o be_v so_o curious_a as_o to_o cause_v the_o verse_n which_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o the_o brave_a action_n of_o the_o german_n to_o be_v write_v and_o put_v together_o thus_o together_o with_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o father_n of_o the_o church_n than_o very_o well_o know_v he_o furnish_v his_o subject_n with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o instruction_n and_o if_o man_n have_v go_v on_o to_o have_v study_v according_a to_o this_o platform_n and_o layman_n have_v be_v more_o engage_v in_o the_o pursuit_n of_o learning_n the_o french_a may_v easy_o have_v attain_v and_o perfect_v that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v most_o useful_a for_o religion_n for_o policy_n and_o for_o the_o particular_a conduct_n of_o life_n which_o thing_n ought_v in_o my_o opinion_n to_o be_v the_o end_n of_o study_n but_o curiosity_n which_o have_v always_o be_v injurious_a to_o learning_n insinuate_v itself_o into_o study_n from_o this_o time_n many_o study_a astronomy_n many_o believe_v astrological_a prediction_n there_o be_v some_o who_o in_o order_n to_o write_v good_a latin_a do_v scrupulous_o criticise_v upon_o the_o word_n and_o phrase_n of_o ancient_a author_n the_o great_a mischief_n be_v that_o the_o monk_n enter_v upon_o these_o curiosity_n and_o begin_v to_o value_v themselves_o upon_o their_o knowledge_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o hand-labour_n and_o silence_n which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o they_o the_o court_n of_o lewis_n the_o debonnair_n be_v full_a of_o they_o and_o no_o business_n pass_v in_o his_o court_n wherein_o they_o have_v not_o a_o share_n afterward_o the_o state_n fall_v into_o the_o great_a confusion_n by_o the_o sudden_a fall_n of_o the_o house_n of_o charlemaign_n study_n also_o fall_v with_o it_o all_o at_o once_o in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o bald_a public_a act_n be_v to_o be_v see_v even_o of_o the_o capitulary_n write_v in_o a_o sort_n of_o latin_a altogether_o barbarous_a without_o rule_n and_o without_o construction_n and_o book_n be_v so_o scarce_o that_o lupus_n abbot_n of_o ferrier_n send_v as_o far_o as_o rome_n to_o receive_v from_o the_o pope_n the_o work_n of_o cicero_n to_o copy_n over_o which_o at_o present_a be_v so_o very_o common_a insomuch_o that_o when_o the_o little_a particular_a war_n and_o ravages_n of_o the_o norman_n have_v take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o travel_n and_o break_v off_o commerce_n studies_n become_v very_o difficult_a i_o mean_v to_o the_o monk_n themselves_o and_o the_o clergy_n as_o for_o other_o they_o never_o dream_v of_o they_o beside_o they_o have_v more_o press_a business_n to_o dispatch_v they_o be_v often_o force_v to_o remove_v in_o disorder_n 48._o and_o carry_v the_o relic_n with_o they_o to_o save_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o barbarian_n abandon_v their_o house_n and_o church_n to_o they_o or_o else_o the_o monk_n and_o clergy_n be_v necessitate_v to_o take_v up_o arm_n in_o defence_n of_o their_o life_n and_o to_o hinder_v the_o profanation_n of_o the_o holy_a place_n in_o such_o great_a extremity_n it_o be_v as_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o lose_v their_o book_n as_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o study_v they_o and_o write_v new_a copy_n of_o they_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v some_o preserve_v there_o be_v always_o some_o bishop_n or_o monk_n remarkable_a for_o his_o learning_n but_o want_v book_n and_o master_n they_o study_v without_o choice_n and_o without_o any_o other_o direction_n than_o the_o example_n of_o their_o predecessor_n thus_o it_o be_v record_v of_o st._n abbo_n the_o abbot_n of_o the_o benedictin_n upon_o the_o loire_n in_o
advantage_n of_o the_o state_n or_o to_o the_o art_n of_o persuade_v but_o how_o to_o obey_v the_o will_n of_o their_o master_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o they_o but_o those_o of_o mathematics_n of_o physician_n and_o philosopher_n but_o see_v they_o neither_o seek_v after_o policy_n nor_o eloquence_n plato_n be_v not_o for_o they_o beside_o to_o understand_v he_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o poet_n the_o religion_n and_o history_n of_o the_o greek_n be_v necessary_a aristotle_n with_o his_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n be_v more_o proper_a for_o they_o and_o according_o they_o study_v he_o with_o incredible_a earnestness_n and_o diligence_n they_o also_o apply_v themselves_o to_o his_o physics_n chief_o to_o eight_o book_n which_o contain_v nothing_o but_o general_n for_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o particular_a which_o require_v observation_n and_o experiment_n be_v not_o so_o suitable_a to_o they_o they_o do_v not_o omit_v to_o study_n medic_n very_o close_o but_o they_o found_v it_o chief_o upon_o the_o general_a notion_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n and_o the_o four_o humour_n and_o upon_o the_o tradition_n of_o medicine_n which_o they_o have_v not_o at_o all_o examine_v and_o which_o they_o mix_v with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o superstition_n as_o to_o other_o part_n of_o it_o they_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o improve_v anatomy_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o greek_n very_o imperfect_a it_o be_v true_a that_o we_o owe_v chemistry_n to_o they_o which_o they_o have_v carry_v very_o far_o if_o not_o invent_v but_o they_o have_v mingle_v therewith_o all_o those_o corruption_n which_o we_o can_v yet_o hardly_o separate_v therefrom_o vain_a promise_n extravagant_a reason_n superstitious_a operation_n and_o all_o those_o fond_a thing_n which_o have_v produce_v nothing_o but_o montebank_n and_o impostor_n from_o chemistry_n they_o pass_v easy_o to_o magic_n and_o and_o all_o sort_n of_o divination_n with_o which_o man_n easy_o take_v up_o when_o they_o be_v ignorant_a of_o natural_a philosophy_n history_n and_o true_a religion_n as_o we_o have_v see_v by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n that_o which_o wonderful_o assist_v they_o in_o these_o illusion_n be_v astrology_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a aim_n of_o their_o mathematical_a study_n in_o truth_n this_o pretend_a science_n have_v be_v so_o much_o cultivate_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o musulman_n that_o prince_n take_v delight_n therein_o and_o upon_o this_o foundation_n order_v their_o great_a erterprise_n the_o calif_n almamon_n do_v himself_o calculate_v astronomical_a table_n which_o be_v very_o famous_a and_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o they_o be_v very_o serviceable_a for_o his_o observation_n and_o other_o useful_a part_n of_o mathematics_n as_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n we_o owe_v to_o they_o algebra_n and_o the_o way_n of_o cypher_v by_o multiply_v by_o ten_o which_o have_v render_v the_o arithmetical_a operation_n so_o easy_a as_o for_o astronomy_n they_o have_v the_o same_o advantage_n which_o excite_v the_o ancient_a egygtian_n and_o chaldean_n to_o apply_v themselves_o thereto_o see_v they_o inhabit_a the_o same_o country_n and_o moreover_o they_o have_v all_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o all_o those_o which_o the_o greek_n have_v add_v unto_o they_o the_o arabian_n who_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o study_v their_o religion_n be_v not_o only_a no_o philosopher_n but_o their_o declare_a enemy_n and_o decry_v they_o as_o a_o impious_a sort_n of_o man_n and_o enemy_n to_o their_o religion_n indeed_o it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o any_o who_o can_v but_o reason_n in_o any_o degree_n to_o destroy_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o religion_n which_o be_v build_v neither_o upon_o reason_n nor_o any_o evidence_n of_o a_o divine_a mission_n the_o philosopher_n there_o before_o be_v exclude_v from_o the_o function_n of_o religion_n and_o other_o profitable_a employment_n seek_v the_o more_o after_o reputation_n and_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v it_o either_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n under_o who_o they_o have_v study_v or_o from_o their_o great_a travel_n or_o from_o the_o singularity_n of_o their_o opinion_n a_o learned_a man_n in_o spain_n be_v always_o much_o more_o learned_a in_o persia_n or_o corasan_n and_o there_o be_v a_o wondrous_a emulation_n betwixt_o they_o each_o of_o they_o zealous_o affect_v to_o distinguish_v himself_o by_o some_o new_a logical_a or_o metaphysical_a subtlety_n and_o this_o same_o humour_n run_v through_o all_o their_o study_n and_o all_o their_o work_n they_o apply_v themselves_o only_o to_o that_o which_o seem_v most_o wonderful_a most_o rare_a and_o most_o difficult_a for_o this_o end_n disreguard_v pleasure_n convenience_n and_o even_o profit_v its_o self_n the_o frank_n and_o other_o latin_a christian_n receive_v from_o the_o arabian_n only_o what_o the_o arabian_n have_v take_v from_o the_o greek_n that_o be_v the_o philosophy_n of_o aristotle_n medic_n and_o mathematics_n disregard_v their_o language_n their_o poetry_n their_o history_n and_o their_o religion_n as_o the_o arabian_n have_v neglect_v those_o of_o the_o greek_n but_o what_o be_v most_o surprise_a be_v that_o our_o learned_a man_n do_v little_o less_o than_o the_o arabian_n neglect_v the_o greek_a tongue_n so_o useful_a for_o the_o study_n of_o religion_n for_o it_o be_v not_o before_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o fourteen_o age_n that_o it_o be_v that_o the_o language_n may_v very_o much_o contribute_v to_o this_o end_n chief_o in_o order_n to_o the_o conversion_n of_o infidel_n and_o schismatic_n it_o be_v with_o this_o design_n that_o the_o council_n of_o vienna_n hold_v in_o the_o year_n 1315._o order_v that_o professor_n for_o the_o greek_a arabic_a and_o hebrew_n shall_v be_v establish_v which_o yet_o be_v not_o put_v into_o execution_n till_o a_o long_a time_n afterward_o man_n do_v not_o begin_v to_o study_v greek_a before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fifteen_o age_n hebrew_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o sixteen_o and_o arabic_a in_o our_o age._n hitherto_o there_o be_v but_o some_o few_o curious_a person_n who_o apply_v themselves_o thereto_o and_o they_o seldom_o bestow_v their_o pain_n upon_o book_n of_o history_n which_o will_v have_v be_v most_o useful_a to_o return_v to_o the_o twelve_o age._n they_o who_o study_v then_o scholastic_a be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v to_o be_v curious_a in_o language_n not_o so_o much_o as_o in_o latin_a which_o they_o use_v for_o their_o study_n and_o in_o all_o affair_n of_o moment_n but_o i_o can_v accuse_v they_o for_o this_o but_o the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o time_n the_o incursion_n of_o the_o norman_n and_o the_o particular_a war_n which_o yet_o continue_v have_v make_v book_n so_o scarce_o and_o study_n so_o difficult_a that_o they_o be_v force_v first_o to_o labour_n in_o that_o which_o be_v of_o most_o importance_n there_o be_v as_o yet_o no_o print_n and_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o but_o monk_n who_o can_v write_v and_o they_o be_v full_o employ_v in_o write_v bibles_n psalter_n and_o suchlike_a book_n for_o the_o use_n of_o church_n they_o write_v also_o some_o work_n of_o the_o father_n as_o they_o fall_v into_o their_o hand_n some_o collection_n of_o canon_n and_o some_o formulary_n of_o act_n which_o be_v most_o ordinary_a in_o transact_v business_n for_o it_o be_v to_o they_o application_n be_v make_v to_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v write_v and_o it_o be_v from_o among_o they_o or_o the_o clergy_n that_o prince_n have_v their_o notary_n and_o their_o chancellor_n they_o have_v scarce_o any_o time_n to_o transcribe_v the_o profane_a history_n and_o the_o poet_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o language_n and_o history_n be_v necessary_a to_o understand_v the_o father_n well_o and_o even_o scripture_n itself_o but_o either_o they_o do_v not_o apprehend_v it_o to_o be_v so_o or_o else_o the_o extraordinary_a difficulty_n of_o attain_v this_o knowledge_n through_o the_o want_n of_o dictionary_n glossary_n commentary_n and_o the_o scarceness_n of_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v they_o lose_v all_o hope_n of_o it_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o who_o will_v superadd_a any_o thing_n to_o the_o mere_a read_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n do_v it_o only_o by_o reason_v and_o logic_n as_o st._n john_n the_o sophist_n the_o first_o author_n of_o the_o nominal_n who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n i._n and_o his_o follower_n arnold_n of_o laon_n roscelin_n of_o compeign_a master_n abalard_n this_o way_n of_o philosophize_v upon_o word_n and_o thought_n without_o examine_v thing_n in_o themselves_o be_v most_o certain_o a_o good_a expedient_a to_o ease_v themselves_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v attain_v but_o by_o read_v and_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a way_n to_o confound_v the_o
reckon_v from_o the_o year_n 1450_o and_o the_o take_v of_o constantinople_n which_o make_v so_o many_o learned_a greek_n retire_v into_o italy_n with_o their_o book_n for_o though_o petrarch_n and_o bocace_n have_v revive_v these_o study_n in_o the_o forego_n age_n yet_o hitherto_o they_o have_v make_v but_o little_a progress_n but_o in_o greece_n study_n be_v yet_o well_o enough_o preserve_v the_o commentary_n of_o eustathius_n upon_o homer_n be_v enough_o to_o show_v that_o to_o these_o latter_a age_n there_o be_v remain_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o learned_a book_n and_o men._n thus_o after_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o fifteen_o age_n a_o whole_a shoal_n of_o learned_a man_n appear_v all_o at_o once_o first_o in_o italy_n then_o in_o france_n and_o proportionable_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o europe_n who_o with_o incredible_a diligence_n ayply_v themselves_o to_o the_o read_v all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_n they_o can_v find_v to_o the_o write_v latin_a as_o pure_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o translate_n greek_a author_n the_o art_n of_o print_v find_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n make_v it_o much_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o procure_v book_n and_o to_o have_v they_o correct_v so_o that_o several_a afterward_o labour_v in_o put_v out_o excellent_a edition_n of_o all_o the_o good_a author_n according_a to_o the_o best_a manuscript_n inquire_v after_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o compare_v several_a together_o other_o make_v very_o exact_a dictionary_n and_o grammar_n other_o commentary_n upon_o difficult_a author_n other_o treatise_n upon_o all_o those_o requisite_n which_o may_v help_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o they_o as_o their_o fable_n their_o religion_n their_o government_n their_o art_n of_o war_n and_o even_o to_o the_o least_o particular_n of_o their_o manner_n their_o habit_n their_o eat_v their_o diversion_n insomuch_o that_o they_o have_v take_v all_o the_o pain_n necessary_a to_o make_v we_o understand_v as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a after_o such_o a_o long_a interval_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_a and_o latin_a book_n but_o some_o have_v too_o much_o dwell_v upon_o these_o study_n which_o be_v only_a instrument_n for_o other_o study_n more_o serious_a for_o there_o have_v be_v some_o curious_a person_n who_o have_v spend_v their_o life_n in_o study_v latin_n and_o greek_a and_o in_o read_v all_o author_n for_o the_o laaguage_n sake_n or_o only_o to_o understand_v the_o author_n and_o explain_v some_o difficult_a passage_n of_o they_o without_o go_v any_o far_a or_o make_v any_o use_n of_o they_o there_o have_v be_v some_o who_o have_v go_v no_o far_o than_o mythology_n and_o some_o other_o antiquity_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v who_o have_v seek_v after_o inscription_n medal_n and_o all_o that_o may_v give_v any_o light_n to_o author_n seek_v only_o the_o pleasure_n which_o they_o find_v in_o these_o curiosity_n some_o proceed_n far_o have_v study_v the_o liberal_a art_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a rule_n as_o eloquence_n and_o poetry_n nevertheless_o without_o practise_v they_o whence_o it_o come_v that_o we_o have_v so_o many_o modern_a treatise_n of_o poetry_n and_o rhetoric_n and_o yet_o so_o few_o true_a poet_n and_o orator_n and_o so_o many_o political_a tract_n make_v by_o those_o who_o never_o be_v concern_v in_o business_n last_o the_o diligent_a read_v the_o book_n of_o the_o ancient_n produce_v in_o many_o such_o a_o blind_a respect_n for_o they_o that_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o follow_v their_o error_n than_o to_o give_v themselves_o the_o liberty_n to_o judge_n of_o they_o thus_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o nature_n be_v in_o all_o respect_n such_o as_o pliny_n have_v describe_v she_o to_o be_v and_o that_o she_o can_v do_v nothing_o but_o according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n the_o worst_a of_o it_o be_v that_o many_o have_v admire_v their_o morality_n and_o do_v not_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o be_v below_o that_o religion_n which_o they_o have_v learn_v from_o their_o cradle_n other_o though_o but_o a_o few_o have_v exceed_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n have_v affect_v to_o contradict_v the_o ancient_n and_o run_v as_o far_o as_o they_o can_v from_o their_o principle_n but_o of_o those_o who_o have_v admire_v they_o the_o most_o ordinary_a fault_n have_v be_v a_o awkward_a imitation_n of_o they_o it_o have_v be_v believe_v that_o to_o write_v as_o they_o do_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o write_v in_o their_o language_n without_o consider_v that_o the_o roman_n write_v in_o latin_a and_o not_o in_o greek_a and_o that_o the_o greek_n write_v in_o greek_a and_o not_o in_o the_o egyptian_a or_o syriack_n language_n they_o think_v themselves_o happy_a if_o they_o can_v attain_v to_o the_o make_v good_a verse_n in_o latin_a they_o have_v also_o compose_v some_o in_o greek_a at_o the_o peril_n of_o not_o be_v understand_v by_o any_o body_n and_o they_o who_o as_o ronsard_n and_o his_o follower_n begin_v to_o make_v french_a verse_n after_o their_o read_n of_o the_o ancient_n have_v fill_v they_o with_o their_o word_n their_o poetical_a phrase_n their_o fable_n their_o religion_n without_o concern_v themselves_o whether_o such_o poem_n may_v please_v those_o who_o have_v not_o study_v as_o they_o have_v do_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o they_o make_v they_o admire_v for_o their_o profound_a learning_n they_o imitate_v also_o the_o orator_n they_o make_v harangue_n in_o latin_a and_o stuff_v their_o discourse_n in_o french_a with_o latin_a saying_n in_o a_o word_n they_o think_v to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v to_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o thing_n of_o which_o they_o speak_v and_o to_o repeat_v their_o own_o proper_a word_n in_o stead_n of_o which_o well_o to_o have_v imitate_v they_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o subject_n which_o have_v more_o relation_n to_o we_o as_o they_o have_v choose_v those_o which_o appertain_v unto_o they_o to_o have_v treat_v they_o as_o they_o do_v after_o a_o solid_a and_o divert_v way_n and_o to_o have_v explain_v they_o as_o well_o in_o our_o language_n as_o they_o have_v explain_v they_o in_o they_o this_o new_a kind_n of_o study_n raise_v a_o sort_n of_o war_n among_o the_o learned_a the_o humanist_n charm_v with_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o ancient_a author_n and_o value_v themselves_o upon_o their_o new_a discovery_n despise_v the_o common_a sort_n of_o doctor_n who_o follow_v the_o tradition_n of_o the_o school_n neglect_a style_n to_o follow_v thing_n and_o prefer_v what_o be_v profitable_a to_o what_o be_v pleasant_a and_o agreeable_a the_o doctor_n on_o their_o side_n i_o mean_v the_o divine_n and_o canonist_n look_v upon_o these_o new_a philologer_n as_o grammarian_n and_o poet_n who_o amuse_v themselves_o with_o childish_a toy_n and_o vain_a curiosity_n but_o the_o humanist_n make_v themselves_o hear_v because_o they_o write_v polite_o and_o by_o the_o read_n of_o the_o ancient_n erasm_n have_v learn_v to_o railly_n with_o a_o good_a grace_n the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n who_o arise_v a_o little_a while_n after_o foment_v these_o quarrel_n and_o make_v they_o more_o serious_a he_o be_v for_o reform_v study_n as_o well_o as_o religion_n he_o be_v for_o have_v no_o philosophy_n and_o no_o profane_a science_n he_o be_v for_o burn_a plato_n aristotle_n cicero_n and_o all_o the_o ancient_a book_n 1520._o that_o nothing_o may_v be_v study_v but_o the_o scripture_n and_o all_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o time_n spend_v in_o hard-labour_n thus_o carry_v the_o thing_n too_o high_a he_o expose_v the_o most_o holy_a maxim_n of_o antiquity_n to_o censure_n the_o resistance_n which_o he_o find_v among_o the_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n and_o the_o censure_n of_o the_o faculty_n of_o paris_n and_o other_o university_n make_v he_o their_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n he_o treat_v they_o with_o the_o last_o degree_n of_o contempt_n and_o melancthon_n his_o faithful_a disciple_n employ_v all_o his_o wit_n and_o all_o his_o fine_a learning_n to_o render_v they_o ridiculous_a but_o the_o reformer_n do_v not_o long_o continue_v in_o this_o their_o first_o severity_n against_o profane_a study_n they_o soon_o become_v more_o zealous_a in_o study_v humanity_n see_v that_o eloquence_n and_o a_o opinion_n of_o their_o singular_a learning_n have_v draw_v a_o great_a many_o follower_n to_o they_o they_o now_o look_v upon_o these_o study_n as_o a_o necessary_a mean_n towards_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o church_n initio_fw-la and_o will_v have_v this_o restoration_n of_o learning_n pass_v for_o a_o principal_a sign_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n in_o this_o matter_n it_o seem_v if_o you_o will_v have_v believe_v they_o as_o if_o this_o knowledge_n of_o language_n and_o history_n which_o they_o have_v by_o constant_a pain_n acquire_v be_v a_o certain_a mark_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a mission_n and_o make_v they_o
make_v discourse_n upon_o morality_n and_o so_o few_o govern_v their_o practice_n according_a to_o its_o rule_n that_o they_o render_v it_o ridiculous_a for_o many_o make_v the_o profession_n of_o philosophy_n only_o to_o lackey_n after_o their_o little_a interest_n as_o to_o make_v their_o court_n to_o prince_n or_o get_v money_n and_o they_o who_o seek_v after_o wisdom_n more_o serious_o give_v great_a offence_n by_o the_o multitude_n of_o their_o sect_n for_o they_o treat_v one_o another_o as_o fool_n and_o madman_n the_o roman_n see_v the_o greek_n in_o this_o condition_n for_o a_o long_a time_n despise_v study_n as_o childish_a vanity_n and_o idle_a amusement_n not_o worthy_a of_o their_o pain_n who_o altogether_o apply_v themselves_o unto_o business_n cato_n each_o particular_a man_n endeavour_v to_o increase_v his_o patrimony_n by_o husbandry_n traffic_n and_o frugality_n and_o all_o of_o they_o together_o joint_o concur_v in_o make_v the_o state_n to_o flourish_v by_o apply_v themselves_o to_o war_n and_o politic_n but_o though_o they_o will_v have_v it_o believe_v that_o this_o frugality_n this_o military_a discipline_n this_o firmness_n in_o their_o conduct_n which_o make_v they_o so_o powerful_a be_v owe_v to_o none_o but_o themselves_o and_o their_o own_o virtuous_a resolution_n yet_o their_o own_o history_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v borrow_a much_o from_o the_o greek_n even_o at_o that_o time_n before_o there_o be_v in_o greece_n either_o orator_n or_o philosopher_n by_o profession_n the_o first_o tarquin_n be_v a_o corinthian_a by_o birth_n and_o he_o have_v instruct_v servius_n tullius_n pythagoras_n live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o latter_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o some_o of_o his_o disciple_n have_v correspondence_n with_o the_o roman_n their_o severe_a and_o frugal_a way_n of_o live_v so_o much_o resemble_v this_o italic_a philosophy_n however_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o bring_v the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n out_o of_o greece_n which_o cicero_n value_v more_o than_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o philosopher_n apply_v themselves_o with_o great_a diligence_n to_o these_o law_n and_o their_o domestic_a affair_n they_o form_v a_o study_n which_o be_v particular_a to_o themselves_o and_o last_v as_o long_o as_o their_o empire_n this_o study_n be_v civil_a law_n which_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o any_o nation_n have_v cultivate_v before_o not_o but_o that_o the_o greek_n have_v diligent_o study_v the_o law_n but_o they_o do_v it_o rather_o as_o orator_n than_o lawyer_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o they_o very_o well_o know_v the_o order_n and_o disposition_n of_o they_o cteseph_n that_o they_o dive_v also_o into_o the_o reason_n of_o they_o and_o with_o good_a effect_n apply_v themselves_o unto_o business_n both_o public_a and_o private_a but_o i_o do_v not_o find_v that_o they_o have_v any_o who_o make_v it_o their_o profession_n to_o explain_v they_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o give_v counsel_n nor_o that_o they_o write_v commentary_n upon_o their_o law_n mur._n for_o as_o for_o the_o formulary_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o greek_a orator_n leave_v the_o care_n of_o they_o to_o a_o inferior_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o they_o call_v pragmatic_o or_o practitioner_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v in_o greece_n legislatour_n and_o philosopher_n who_o have_v study_v the_o law_n after_o a_o more_o noble_a and_o extensive_a manner_n since_o it_o must_v needs_o argue_v a_o great_a genius_n to_o compile_v a_o whole_a body_n of_o law_n than_o to_o apply_v they_o in_o particular_a to_o the_o least_o affair_n and_o they_o confess_v that_o this_o knowledge_n so_o useful_a to_o the_o world_n come_v to_o they_o from_o egypt_n and_o the_o east_n as_o do_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o learning_n to_o return_v to_o rome_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o sixteen_o age_n after_o its_o foundation_n child_n be_v then_o teach_v only_o to_o read_v and_o write_v and_o cast_v account_n man_n study_v the_o law_n and_o the_o formulary_n 2._o either_o indifferent_o for_o their_o own_o particular_a use_n or_o more_o curious_o to_o give_v counsel_n unto_o other_o and_o gain_v credit_n and_o reputation_n they_o do_v not_o begin_v to_o enter_v upon_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o greek_n ordinary_o to_o learn_v their_o tongue_n and_o to_o read_v their_o work_n 11._o till_o after_o the_o second_o punic_a war._n initio_fw-la hitherto_o there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o ordinance_n of_o the_o senate_n against_o rhetorician_n and_o philosopher_n by_o profession_n as_o man_n who_o introduce_v dangerous_a novelty_n into_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o roman_n when_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o greek_n do_v it_o according_a to_o their_o own_o genius_n that_o be_v they_o seek_v therein_o what_o be_v best_a most_o solid_a and_o most_o useful_a for_o the_o conduct_n of_o life_n the_o old_a cato_n scipio_n and_o laelius_n be_v not_o man_n who_o will_v burden_v themselves_o with_o trifle_n they_o study_v the_o historian_n and_o orator_n to_o profit_v by_o their_o excellent_a example_n and_o good_a maxim_n of_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o to_o learn_v how_o to_o speak_v as_o perswasive_o upon_o the_o affair_n of_o rome_n as_o pericles_n and_o demosthenes_n have_v do_v upon_o those_o of_o athens_n at_o the_o same_o time_n studious_o avoid_v to_o imitate_v the_o greek_n of_o their_o time_n or_o to_o take_v up_o with_o the_o trifle_n of_o the_o grammarian_n and_o rhetorician_n nay_o they_o be_v even_o afraid_a of_o this_o initio_fw-la cicero_n say_v of_o the_o great_a orator_n of_o his_o time_n they_o be_v fearful_a it_o shall_v be_v perceive_v that_o they_o have_v study_v the_o book_n of_o the_o greek_n lest_o it_o shall_v be_v think_v that_o they_o overmuch_o value_v they_o and_o so_o their_o reputation_n of_o be_v learned_a may_v make_v their_o discourse_n to_o be_v suspect_v of_o too_o much_o artifice_n the_o wise_a roman_n come_v afterward_o to_o philosophy_n and_o there_o fix_v upon_o the_o principle_n and_o reason_n of_o morality_n and_o politic_n of_o which_o they_o already_o have_v much_o experience_n and_o many_o domestic_a example_n last_o they_o know_v how_o to_o take_v what_o be_v best_a in_o the_o poet_n hence_o proceed_v so_o many_o great_a orator_n in_o the_o last_o age_n of_o the_o republic_n from_o the_o gracchi_n to_o cicero_n and_o they_o also_o who_o may_v be_v call_v the_o roman_a philosopher_n as_o atticus_n cato_n of_o utica_n and_o brutus_n but_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o monarchy_n at_o rome_n eloq_fw-la have_v render_v great_a eloquence_n and_o the_o motive_n to_o it_o useless_a since_o the_o people_n do_v no_o long_o give_v their_o vote_n in_o public_a affair_n nor_o bestow_v great_a place_n poetry_n get_v the_o upper_a hand_n and_o flourish_v under_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n it_o be_v true_a it_o fall_v soon_o afterward_o have_v nothing_o that_o be_v solid_a to_o sustain_v it_o and_o be_v look_v upon_o only_a as_o a_o sport_n and_o diversion_n of_o the_o mind_n thus_o within_o the_o space_n of_o about_o two_o hundred_o year_n the_o study_n of_o the_o roman_n come_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n wherein_o they_o have_v find_v those_o of_o the_o greek_n every_o place_n be_v full_a of_o little_a grammarian_n 1._o rhetorician_n and_o idle_a declamer_n of_o prate_a philosopher_n historian_n and_o poet_n who_o tire_v the_o world_n in_o recite_v their_o work_n only_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v always_o preserve_v because_o it_o be_v always_o necessary_a and_o depend_v less_o upon_o the_o form_n of_o government_n or_o the_o particular_a manner_n of_o men._n there_o be_v also_o some_o true_a philosopher_n though_o we_o shall_v reckon_v only_o the_o emperor_n marcus_n aurelius_n and_o several_a other_o of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v in_o pliny_n epistle_n but_o these_o philosopher_n go_v rather_o for_o greek_n than_o roman_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o also_o wear_v the_o greek_a habit_n in_o what_o country_n soever_o they_o dwell_v and_o of_o what_o nation_n soever_o they_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o much_o more_o sublime_a philosophy_n begin_v to_o be_v establish_v christian_n i_o mean_v the_o christian_a religion_n which_o soon_o make_v this_o pure_o humane_a philosophy_n to_o vanish_v and_o do_v yet_o more_o severe_o condemn_v all_o those_o other_o study_n which_o be_v less_o serious_a the_o principal_a study_n of_o christian_n be_v the_o meditation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o all_o the_o holy_a scripture_n according_a to_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o pastor_n who_o have_v faithful_o preserve_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o apostle_n they_o call_v all_o the_o rest_n strange_a and_o foreign_a study_n and_o reject_v they_o as_o entice_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o heathen_n in_o truth_n the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o book_n be_v either_o useless_a etc._n or_o
dangerous_a the_o poet_n be_v the_o devil_n prophet_n who_o breathe_v nothing_o but_o idolatry_n and_o debauchery_n and_o make_v agreeable_a representation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o passion_n and_o villainy_n many_o philosopher_n despise_v all_o religion_n in_o general_n memor_n and_o deny_v that_o there_o can_v be_v any_o miracle_n or_o prophecy_n other_o make_v great_a endeavour_n to_o establish_v idolatry_n by_o allegorise_v natural_a thing_n and_o by_o the_o secret_n of_o magic_a moreover_o their_o morality_n be_v stuff_v with_o error_n and_o all_o turn_v upon_o this_o principle_n of_o pride_n diosc_n that_o it_o be_v in_o man_n power_n to_o make_v himself_o good_a and_o virtuous_a the_o orator_n be_v full_a of_o artifice_n lie_n reproach_n or_o flatteris_n and_o the_o most_o solid_a subject_n of_o their_o discourse_n be_v matter_n of_o business_n from_o which_o the_o christian_n studious_o desire_v to_o sequester_n themselves_o they_o believe_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v lose_v the_o time_n give_v they_o to_o gain_v eternity_n if_o they_o have_v employ_v it_o in_o the_o read_n foreign_a history_n in_o mathematical_a speculation_n and_o other_o curiosity_n and_o they_o always_o see_v in_o they_o great_a danger_n of_o vanity_n a_o thing_n inseparable_a from_o the_o most_o innocent_a study_n so_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o christian_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o to_o work_n of_o charity_n towards_o their_o brethren_n their_o school_n be_v the_o church_n where_o the_o bishop_n daily_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n there_o be_v also_o priest_n and_o deacon_n who_o particular_a business_n it_o be_v to_o instruct_v the_o catechuman_n and_o manage_v the_o dispute_n against_o the_o heathen_n and_o every_o bishop_n take_v particular_a care_n to_o instruct_v his_o clergy_n chief_o the_o young_a sort_n who_o attend_v continual_o about_o his_o person_n to_o serve_v he_o as_o reader_n and_o secretary_n to_o follow_v he_o and_o carry_v about_o his_o letter_n and_o order_n and_o thus_o they_o learned_a the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o church_n rather_o by_o domestic_a instruction_n and_o long_o use_v than_o by_o formal_a and_o set_v lecture_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o there_o be_v many_o christian_n who_o be_v very_o learned_a in_o the_o heathen_a book_n and_o the_o profane_a science_n but_o if_o we_o do_v well_o examine_v the_o matter_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o great_a number_n of_o those_o person_n have_v study_v they_o before_o they_o become_v christian_n and_o be_v well_o verse_v therein_o they_o know_v how_o to_o employ_v they_o to_o the_o purpose_n of_o religion_n all_o the_o good_a they_o find_v in_o they_o they_o vend_v again_o as_o their_o own_o because_o all_o truth_n come_v from_o god_n they_o make_v use_v of_o the_o solid_a maxim_n of_o morality_n which_o they_o find_v disperse_v in_o the_o poet_n and_o the_o philosopher_n and_o also_o of_o the_o remarkable_a example_n of_o history_n to_o prepare_v the_o way_n to_o christian_a morality_n on_o the_o contrary_a they_o take_v advantage_n from_o the_o absurdity_n of_o the_o fable_n and_o impiety_n of_o heathen_a theology_n to_o encounter_v paganism_n with_o its_o own_o weapon_n and_o thus_o employ_v their_o knowledge_n of_o history_n in_o dispute_n against_o the_o heathen_n it_o be_v with_o this_o intention_n that_o africanus_n compose_v that_o famous_a chronology_n from_o which_o eusebius_n have_v take_v he_o it_o be_v with_o this_o design_n that_o the_o same_o eusebius_n write_v his_o evangelical_n preparation_n and_o st._n clement_n of_o alexandria_n his_o advice_n to_o the_o gentile_n and_o his_o stromata_n afterward_o the_o arian_n and_o other_o heretic_n who_o make_v use_v of_o philosophy_n to_o destroy_v the_o faith_n do_v also_o oblige_v the_o holy_a father_n to_o employ_v humane_a learning_n to_o overthrow_v their_o sophism_n thus_o they_o make_v use_v of_o profane_a book_n with_o great_a discretion_n yet_o with_o a_o holy_a liberty_n and_o therefore_o when_o julian_n the_o apostate_n forbid_v christian_n to_o teach_v and_o study_v the_o book_n of_o the_o greek_n that_o be_v the_o heathen_n they_o look_v upon_o this_o as_o a_o new_a sort_n of_o persecution_n whence_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o at_o that_o time_n they_o profess_v to_o teach_v humane_a learning_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o permit_v in_o the_o first_o age_n if_o we_o may_v believe_v tertullian_n 10._o but_o the_o reason_n which_o he_o allege_v be_v cease_v since_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o full_a liberty_n of_o christianity_n this_o happy_a change_n make_v the_o philosopher_n to_o be_v neglect_v st._n augustine_n witness_v that_o in_o his_o time_n they_o can_v no_o more_o be_v hear_v to_o discourse_n in_o the_o gymnasia_fw-la diosc_n which_o be_v their_o proper_a school_n though_o in_o those_o of_o the_o rhetorician_n some_o of_o their_o opinion_n be_v still_o recite_v but_o not_o teach_v neither_o their_o book_n explain_v of_o which_o even_o the_o copy_n be_v very_o rare_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o that_o no_o person_n dare_v to_o dispute_v against_o the_o truth_n under_o the_o name_n of_o stoic_a or_o epicurean_a but_o that_o to_o be_v hear_v he_o be_v force_v to_o mask_n himself_o under_o the_o name_n of_o christian_a and_o to_o be_v enter_v into_o some_o sect_n of_o the_o heretic_n st._n augustine_n do_v not_o write_v this_o because_o he_o be_v not_o well_o verse_v in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o philosopher_n for_o in_o his_o youth_n he_o have_v acquaint_v himself_o with_o they_o all_o insomuch_o that_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v a_o perfect_a philosopher_n since_o there_o never_o be_v any_o man_n of_o a_o more_o penetrate_a spirit_n profound_a meditation_n and_o a_o more_o consistent_a reason_n the_o great_a part_n also_o of_o the_o greek_a father_n be_v famous_a philosopher_n but_o it_o be_v very_o remarkable_a that_o among_o all_o the_o philosopher_n renown_a in_o antiquity_n aristotle_n be_v he_o of_o who_o they_o make_v least_o use_n they_o find_v that_o he_o do_v not_o speak_v worthy_o of_o the_o divine_a providence_n nor_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o soul_n that_o his_o logic_n be_v too_o subtle_a and_o his_o morality_n too_o low_a and_o humane_a for_o this_o be_v the_o judgement_n 33._o which_o st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n give_v of_o he_o and_o although_o plato_n also_o have_v his_o fault_n yet_o the_o father_n thought_n they_o can_v make_v better_a use_n of_o he_o because_o in_o his_o write_n they_o find_v more_o footstep_n of_o truth_n and_o more_o effectual_a mean_n of_o persuasion_n in_o short_a it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o they_o undervalue_v aristotle_n it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o can_v not_o understand_v he_o which_o certain_o they_o do_v better_o than_o they_o who_o have_v since_o advance_v he_o so_o high_a profane_a philosophy_n be_v decry_v because_o true_a philosopher_n that_o be_v good_a christian_n and_o especial_o the_o monk_n be_v every_o where_o to_o be_v see_v that_o contempt_n of_o honour_n the_o opinion_n of_o man_n riches_n and_o pleasure_n that_o patience_n in_o poverty_n and_o hardship_n which_o socrates_n and_o zeno_n have_v so_o much_o seek_v after_o and_o of_o which_o they_o have_v discourse_v so_o much_o the_o solitary_n of_o these_o day_n practise_v after_o a_o much_o more_o excellent_a manner_n without_o dispute_v and_o without_o argue_v they_o live_v in_o perfect_a tranquillity_n vanquisher_n of_o their_o passion_n and_o continual_o unite_v unto_o god_n they_o be_v troublesome_a to_o no_o man_n and_o without_o writing_n without_o speak_v without_o show_v themselves_o except_o very_o rare_o they_o instruct_v the_o whole_a world_n by_o their_o example_n and_o delight_v it_o with_o the_o fragrancy_n of_o their_o virtue_n there_o be_v therefore_o no_o reason_n to_o wonder_v why_o they_o be_v have_v in_o such_o great_a veneration_n or_o to_o judge_v of_o these_o ancient_a monk_n by_o those_o that_o appear_v before_o the_o late_a reformation_n who_o looseness_n have_v cause_v this_o name_n so_o much_o honour_v by_o the_o ancient_n to_o be_v despise_v it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o these_o be_v the_o true_a disciple_n of_o st._n anthony_n st._n basil_n st._n martin_n and_o other_o saint_n who_o rule_n they_o practise_v and_o who_o virtue_n they_o imitate_v for_o the_o monastery_n be_v then_o the_o true_a school_n where_o be_v teach_v not_o only_o humane_a learning_n and_o the_o curious_a science_n but_o the_o christian_a morality_n and_o perfection_n which_o be_v teach_v not_o so_o much_o by_o read_v as_o by_o prayer_n and_o real_a practice_n by_o the_o live_a example_n of_o the_o brethren_n and_o the_o correction_n of_o superior_n this_o perfection_n of_o monastery_n draw_v to_o they_o the_o most_o wise_a and_o intelligent_a man_n and_o it_o be_v often_o here_o only_o that_o such_o person_n can_v be_v find_v as_o be_v fit_a
the_o time_n of_o hugh_n capet_n that_o he_o have_v study_v logic_n arithmetic_n and_o astronomy_n and_o that_o afterward_o he_o betake_v himself_o to_o the_o study_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o canon_n and_o to_o collect_v passage_n out_o of_o the_o father_n from_o this_o time_n as_o the_o royal_a authority_n become_v re-establish_v and_o hostility_n begin_v to_o cease_v study_v also_o revive_v so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n i._o about_o the_o year_n 1060._o man_n famous_a for_o their_o learning_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o several_a church_n of_o france_n there_o be_v likewise_o some_o school_n in_o the_o cathedral_n as_o there_o be_v in_o the_o monastery_n where_o there_o be_v school_n within_o for_o the_o monk_n and_o without_o for_o the_o secular_o they_o study_v as_o before_o divinity_z the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n the_o canon_n logic_n the_o mathematics_n thus_o they_o continue_v during_o the_o follow_a age_n always_o advance_v and_o perfect_v themselves_o as_o we_o see_v by_o the_o write_n of_o ivo_n of_o chartres_n the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n gratian_n st._n bernard_n and_o other_o author_n of_o the_o same_o time_n who_o style_n and_o method_n be_v so_o different_a from_o late_a schoolman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o first_o of_o these_o schoolman_n follow_v they_o so_o near_o that_o the_o change_n must_v needs_o have_v happen_v in_o the_o time_n of_o these_o great_a man_n that_o be_v to_o say_v about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o twelve_o age_n and_o i_o can_v find_v out_o no_o other_o cause_n of_o it_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o arabian_n and_o the_o imitation_n of_o their_o study_n the_o jew_n be_v they_o who_o imitate_v they_o first_o they_o translate_v their_o book_n into_o hebrew_n and_o there_o be_v then_o jew_n in_o france_n and_o all_o over_o christendom_n the_o book_n which_o they_o have_v translate_v into_o hebrew_n be_v render_v in_o latin_n some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v receive_v even_o from_o the_o arabian_n themselves_z with_o who_o the_o communication_n be_v easy_a by_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o spain_n of_o which_o they_o as_o yet_o hold_v more_o than_o half_a and_o by_o the_o travel_n of_o those_o who_o go_v upon_o the_o croisado_n the_o vulgar_a opinion_n that_o all_o mahometan_n without_o distinction_n arabian_n do_v always_o profess_v ignorance_n be_v a_o great_a mistake_n they_o have_v a_o incredible_a number_n of_o man_n famous_a for_o their_o learning_n particular_o many_o of_o the_o arabian_n and_o persian_n and_o they_o have_v write_v enough_o to_o fill_v large_a library_n four_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o twelve_o age_n of_o which_o i_o speak_v they_o have_v diligent_o give_v themselves_o to_o study_n and_o learning_n be_v never_o at_o so_o great_a a_o height_n with_o they_o as_o when_o it_o be_v at_o the_o low_a with_o we_o that_o be_v in_o the_o ten_o and_o eleven_o age_n these_o arabian_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o who_o call_v themselves_o musulman_n of_o what_o nation_n or_o country_n soever_o have_v two_o kind_n of_o study_n the_o one_o proper_a to_o themselves_o the_o other_o take_v from_o the_o greek_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n their_o particular_a study_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o religion_n that_o be_v the_o alcoran_n the_o tradition_n which_o they_o attribute_v to_o mahomet_n and_o his_o first_o disciple_n the_o life_n of_o their_o pretend_a saint_n and_o the_o story_n which_o they_o relate_v of_o they_o the_o case_n of_o conscience_n upon_o the_o practical_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n as_o prayer_n purification_n fast_v pilgrimage_n and_o their_o scholastical_a theology_n which_o contain_v so_o many_o question_n about_o the_o attribute_n of_o god_n upon_o predestination_n the_o judgement_n the_o succession_n of_o prophecy_n whence_o proceed_v so_o many_o sect_n among_o they_o who_o treat_v one_o another_o as_o heretic_n other_o study_v the_o alcoran_n and_o its_o commentary_n rather_o as_o lawyer_n than_o divine_n to_o find_v therein_o rule_v for_o the_o management_n of_o affair_n and_o the_o decision_n of_o difference_n for_o this_o book_n be_v their_o only_a law_n even_o in_o temporal_n other_o apply_v themselves_o unto_o history_n which_o have_v be_v very_o careful_o write_v from_o the_o beginning_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o empire_n and_o have_v be_v continue_v down_o ever_o since_o but_o they_o be_v very_o ignorant_a of_o ancient_a history_n despise_v all_o mankind_n who_o live_v before_o mahomet_n and_o call_v all_o that_o time_n the_o time_n of_o ignorance_n because_o their_o religion_n be_v not_o know_v they_o content_v themselves_o with_o the_o arabian_a antiquity_n contain_v in_o the_o work_v of_o their_o ancient_a poet_n which_o to_o they_o serve_v instead_o of_o the_o history_n for_o those_o time_n wherein_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v they_o have_v follow_v the_o same_o principle_n which_o the_o old_a greek_n do_v of_o improve_n their_o own_o tradition_n how_o fabulous_a soever_o but_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v also_o that_o their_o poetry_n never_o have_v any_o beauty_n but_o what_o be_v very_o superficial_a as_o flashy_a thought_n and_o bold_a expression_n they_o never_o apply_v themselves_o to_o that_o sort_n of_o poetry_n which_o consist_v in_o imitation_n and_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o move_v the_o passion_n and_o that_o perhaps_o which_o make_v they_o avoid_v it_o be_v the_o despicable_a opinion_n they_o have_v of_o those_o art_n which_o any_o wise_a relate_v thereunto_o as_o paint_v and_o sculpture_n which_o their_o hatred_n of_o idolatry_n make_v they_o abhor_v moreover_o their_o poet_n be_v useful_a for_o the_o study_n of_o the_o arabic_a tongue_n which_o then_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o master_n and_o most_o of_o the_o people_n of_o all_o this_o great_a empire_n and_o still_o at_o this_o day_n be_v the_o common_a language_n of_o the_o great_a part_n and_o every_o where_o the_o language_n of_o the_o religion_n they_o study_v it_o chief_o in_o the_o alcoran_n and_o to_o learn_v it_o by_o conversation_n with_o the_o live_n the_o most_o curious_a go_v from_o all_o part_n to_o the_o province_n of_o irac_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o city_n bassora_n which_o be_v to_o they_o what_o athens_n be_v to_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o there_o be_v then_o powerful_a prince_n in_o persia_n many_o thing_n be_v write_v in_o their_o language_n which_o have_v be_v much_o improve_v since_o these_o be_v the_o study_v proper_a to_o the_o musulman_n and_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o their_o religion_n those_o which_o they_o have_v receive_v from_o the_o greek_n be_v late_a by_o two_o hundred_o year_n for_o it_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 820._o when_o the_o calif_n almamon_n desire_v of_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n the_o best_a greek_a book_n and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v translate_v into_o arabic_a nevertheless_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o ever_o study_v the_o greek_a tongue_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v they_o despise_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o language_n of_o their_o enemy_n beside_o there_o be_v so_o many_o christian_n in_o syria_n and_o egypt_n who_o understand_v both_o arabic_a and_o greek_a that_o they_o can_v not_o want_v interpreter_n and_o these_o christian_n translate_v the_o greek_a book_n into_o syriack_n and_o arabic_a for_o themselves_o and_o for_o the_o musulmen_fw-mi among_o the_o greek_a book_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o which_o be_v of_o no_o use_n to_o the_o arabian_n they_o can_v not_o see_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o poet_n in_o a_o strange_a language_n and_o with_o a_o genius_n so_o quite_o different_a from_o they_o add_v this_o further_a that_o their_o religion_n will_v not_o permit_v they_o to_o read_v they_o they_o have_v such_o a_o horror_n of_o idolatry_n that_o they_o do_v not_o think_v it_o lawful_a to_o pronounce_v so_o much_o as_o the_o name_n of_o the_o false_a deity_n and_o among_o so_o many_o million_o of_o volume_n which_o they_o have_v write_v you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v one_o which_o mention_n they_o they_o be_v very_o far_o from_o study_v all_o those_o fable_n about_o which_o our_o modern_a poet_n have_v be_v so_o curious_a and_o the_o same_o superstition_n may_v restrain_v they_o from_o read_v history_n beside_o that_o they_o despise_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v all_o that_o be_v old_a than_o mahomet_n as_o for_o eloquence_n and_o policy_n which_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o nourish_v in_o the_o most_o free_a commonwealth_n the_o form_n of_o the_o musulmen_n government_n give_v they_o no_o occasion_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o they_o live_v under_o a_o empire_n absolute_o despotic_a where_o they_o be_v not_o to_o open_v their_o mouth_n but_o to_o flatter_v their_o prince_n and_o extol_v every_o thought_n of_o he_o and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o concern_v for_o that_o which_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o
ignorant_a layman_n by_o a_o singular_a way_n of_o speak_v and_o by_o vain_a subtlety_n but_o these_o subtlety_n be_v dangerous_a as_o it_o appear_v by_o berengarius_fw-la abalard_n and_o gilbert_n of_o poirée_n this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o wise_a person_n as_o st._n anselm_n peter_n of_o blois_n and_o st._n bernard_n firm_o resolve_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o father_n reject_v these_o new_a curiosity_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n give_v himself_o more_o liberty_n make_v foam_n false_a step_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o book_n of_o aristotle_n come_v to_o be_v know_v as_o i_o have_v say_v and_o whether_o for_o the_o dispute_n against_o the_o jew_n and_o arabian_n or_o for_o some_o other_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o the_o divine_n think_v they_o have_v need_n of_o they_o and_o therefore_o do_v accommodate_v they_o to_o our_o religion_n who_o doctrine_n and_o morality_n they_o explain_v according_a to_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o philosopher_n this_o be_v do_v by_o albertus_n magnus_n alexander_n hales_n st._n thomas_n and_o many_o other_o after_o they_o and_o their_o method_n of_o divinity_n may_v be_v reckon_v the_o three_o for_o there_o be_v two_o more_o ancient_a the_o first_o be_v that_o of_o the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n who_o study_v the_o holy_a scripture_n immediate_o chief_o draw_v from_o thence_o the_o knowledge_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o faithful_a and_o the_o refutation_n of_o the_o heretic_n this_o theology_n continue_v till_o towards_o the_o eight_o age._n the_o second_o be_v that_o of_o bede_n of_o raban_n and_o other_o of_o the_o same_o time_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o instruction_n of_o the_o father_n content_v themselves_o with_o copy_v they_o make_v collection_n and_o extract_v out_o of_o they_o and_o take_v gloss_n and_o commentary_n upon_o the_o scripture_n out_o of_o they_o also_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o the_o schoolman_n who_o handle_v the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n by_o the_o form_n and_o instrument_n of_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n draw_v from_o the_o write_n of_o aristotle_n 29._o and_o thus_o cardinal_n perron_n define_v it_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o study_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o medic_n be_v revive_v but_o it_o be_v impossible_a then_o to_o study_v civil_a law_n well_o since_o they_o want_v law_n the_o roman_a law_n and_o those_o barbarous_a law_n which_o have_v be_v observe_v under_o the_o two_o first_o race_n of_o our_o king_n franc._n be_v abolish_v by_o contrary_a custom_n or_o by_o forgetfulness_n and_o ignorance_n they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v new_a law_n because_o as_o yet_o they_o have_v not_o re-establish_v the_o foundation_n of_o civil_a society_n the_o liberty_n of_o travel_n the_o security_n of_o trade_n and_o industry_n the_o union_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o common_a people_n be_v either_o slave_n or_o look_v upon_o as_o such_o the_o noble_n live_v disperse_v and_o cantonize_v every_o one_o in_o his_o castle_n with_o his_o arm_n always_o in_o his_o hand_n there_o be_v no_o other_o law_n in_o france_n but_o unwritten_a custom_n very_o uncertain_a and_o very_o different_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o prodigious_a number_n of_o lord_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o give_v law_n it_o be_v true_a that_o in_o italy_n the_o book_n of_o the_o justinian_n law_n be_v recover_v and_o it_o begin_v public_o to_o be_v teach_v at_o montpelier_n and_o tholouse_n but_o these_o law_n be_v not_o law_n for_o we_o because_o the_o gaul_n have_v be_v free_v from_o the_o roman-yoke_n before_o justinian_n be_v in_o the_o world_n furthermore_n they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o understand_v they_o by_o reason_n of_o ignorance_n of_o language_n and_o history_n there_o not_o be_v any_o tradition_n of_o they_o preserve_v among_o we_o by_o the_o practice_n of_o our_o court_n for_o six_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o be_v write_v they_o do_v not_o however_o omit_v to_o study_v and_o apply_v they_o as_o they_o can_v to_o their_o present_a occasion_n and_o they_o gain_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o authority_n by_o the_o great_a name_n of_o roman_a law_n and_o by_o the_o extreme_a necessity_n there_o be_v of_o some_o rule_n in_o judicial_a proceed_n the_o ecclesiastical_a law_n be_v not_o in_o such_o a_o ill_a condition_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o canon_n be_v preserve_v though_o discipline_n begin_v to_o be_v remiss_a there_o be_v many_o collection_n of_o ancient_a canon_n among_o other_o that_o of_o gratian_n who_o live_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o twelve_o age._n it_o be_v true_a they_o be_v not_o very_o correct_v and_o they_o be_v intermix_v with_o many_o passage_n of_o the_o father_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v the_o force_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o decretal_n father_v upon_o the_o first_o pope_n which_o at_o last_o have_v be_v own_a to_o be_v suppositious_a this_o example_n make_v it_o appear_v of_o how_o great_a importance_n it_o be_v for_o the_o preserve_a tradition_n in_o its_o purity_n that_o there_o be_v always_o in_o the_o church_n person_n who_o be_v skilled_a in_o language_n and_o history_n and_o who_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o critical_a learning_n medic_n be_v still_o worse_o treat_v than_o civil_a law_n hitherto_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n except_v some_o secret_n of_o old_a woman_n and_o some_o tradition_n of_o receipt_n which_o be_v preserve_v in_o family_n the_o first_o book_n which_o they_o study_v be_v those_o of_o the_o arabian_n and_o among_o other_o the_o write_n of_o mesua_n and_o avicenna_n they_o receive_v their_o foolery_n and_o superstition_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n neglect_v as_o these_o have_v do_v anatomy_n and_o they_o consult_v they_o also_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o plant_n as_o there_o be_v none_o but_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o monk_n who_o study_v so_o there_o be_v none_o but_o they_o who_o be_v physician_n fulbert_n bishop_n of_o chartres_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n bishop_n of_o paris_n be_v physician_n obizo_fw-it one_o of_o the_o religious_a of_o st._n victor_n be_v physician_n to_o lewis_n the_o gross_a rigord_n monk_n of_o st._n denys_n who_o have_v write_v the_o life_n of_o philip_n the_o august_n be_v one_o also_o one_o of_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n hold_v under_o innocent_a the_o ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1139._o take_v notice_n of_o it_o as_o a_o abuse_n long_o practise_v that_o monk_n and_o regular_a canon_n to_o get_v money_n profess_v themselves_o advocate_n and_o physician_n this_o council_n speak_v only_o of_o those_o religious_a who_o be_v profess_v and_o medic_n cease_v not_o to_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o clergyman_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o but_o it_o be_v never_o permit_v to_o the_o clergy_n to_o shed_v blood_n nor_o to_o keep_v a_o shop_n of_o ware_n this_o may_v probable_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o distinguish_a physician_n from_o surgeon_n and_o apothecary_n this_o distinction_n have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n keep_v physician_n in_o the_o speculation_n only_o without_o apply_v themselves_o to_o experiment_n thus_o all_o study_n be_v reduce_v to_o four_o sort_n or_o faculty_n the_o three_o principal_a faculty_n divinity_n law_n and_o physic_n the_o four_o comprehend_v all_o preliminary_n studies_n which_o be_v account_v necessary_a to_o arrive_v unto_o these_o high_a study_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o arts._n doubtless_o reason_n require_v that_o man_n shall_v study_v what_o be_v most_o useful_a first_o for_o the_o soul_n and_o then_o for_o the_o body_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o life_n upon_o this_o project_n university_n be_v found_v especial_o that_o of_o paris_n which_o can_v hardly_o have_v its_o beginning_n late_a than_o the_o year_n 1200._o for_o a_o long_a time_n there_o have_v be_v about_o the_o bishop_n house_n two_o sort_n of_o school_n the_o one_o for_o the_o young_a clergy_n to_o who_o grammar_n singing_n and_o arithmetic_n be_v teach_v and_o their_o master_n be_v either_o the_o chanter_n of_o the_o cathedral_n or_o the_o ecolatré_v otherwise_o call_v the_o capiscol_n that_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o school_n the_o other_o school_n be_v for_o priest_n and_o clerk_n of_o a_o high_a form_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n himself_o or_o some_o priest_n commissioned_n by_o he_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o the_o canon_n theologal_n afterward_o the_o theologal_a be_v express_o erect_v for_o this_o office_n peter_n lombard_n bishop_n of_o paris_n better_a know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n have_v make_v his_o school_n very_o famous_a for_o divinity_n and_o there_o be_v some_o religious_a of_o st._n victor_n in_o great_a repute_n for_o the_o liberal_a arts._n thus_o the_o study_n of_o paris_n become_v famous_a
decretal_a the_o decretal_a also_o be_v teach_v there_o that_o be_v gratian_n compilation_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n there_o also_o medic_n be_v study_v and_o thus_o join_v these_o four_o principal_a study_n which_o be_v call_v faculty_n together_o they_o name_v the_o compound_v of_o they_o all_o university_n of_o study_n and_o at_o last_o simple_o university_n to_o denote_v that_o in_o one_o city_n alone_o all_o thing_n be_v teach_v which_o be_v useful_a to_o know_v this_o establishment_n seem_v so_o considerable_a that_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n favour_v it_o with_o great_a privilege_n person_n come_v to_o study_v at_o paris_n from_o all_o part_n of_o france_n italy_n germany_n and_o england_n in_o a_o word_n from_o all_o part_n of_o latin_a europe_n and_o thus_o the_o private_a school_n of_o cathedral_n and_o monastery_n come_v to_o be_v neglect_v let_v we_o see_v more_o particular_o what_o be_v teach_v in_o each_o faculty_n under_o the_o name_n of_o art_n be_v comprehend_v grammar_n and_o humanity_n acts._n the_o mathematics_n and_o philosophy_n but_o to_o speak_v proper_o this_o name_n ought_v only_o to_o comprehend_v the_o seven_o liberal_a art_n of_o which_o we_o find_v treatise_n in_o cassiodore_n and_o bede_n viz._n grammar_n rhetoric_n logic_n arithmetic_n music_n geometry_n and_o astronomy_n a_o master_n of_o art_n shall_v be_v one_o capable_a to_o teach_v all_o these_o for_o grammar_n they_o read_v priscian_n donatus_n or_o some_o other_o of_o the_o ancient_n who_o have_v write_v upon_o thâ—_n latin_a tongue_n rather_o to_o acquaint_v the_o roman_a of_o their_o time_n to_o who_o it_o be_v natural_a with_o its_o utmost_a nicety_n than_o to_o teach_v its_o element_n to_o stranger_n in_o the_o thirteen_o age_n latin_n be_v no_o long_o in_o common_a use_n among_o the_o people_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o france_n the_o ordinary_a tongue_n be_v that_o which_o we_o see_v in_o ville-hardoüin_a in_o joinville_n and_o other_o romancer_n of_o the_o same_o time_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o they_o ought_v to_o have_v apply_v the_o art_n of_o grammar_n to_o this_o language_n choose_v the_o most_o proper_a word_n and_o the_o most_o natural_a phrase_n fix_v the_o inflexion_n and_o give_v rule_n for_o construction_n and_o orthography_n the_o italian_n do_v so_o and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o same_o age_n there_o be_v some_o florentine_n who_o study_a to_o write_n well_o in_o their_o vulgar_a tongue_n as_o brunetto_n latini_n john_n villani_n and_o the_o poet_n dante_n as_o for_o our_o language_n it_o be_v not_o purify_v but_o by_o time_n and_o they_o do_v not_o set_v upon_o it_o by_o public_a order_n in_o the_o french_a academy_n till_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o institution_n of_o university_n it_o be_v true_a that_o latin_a be_v still_o necessary_a for_o the_o read_n of_o good_a book_n and_o the_o exercise_n of_o religion_n and_o they_o who_o study_v at_o that_o time_n be_v all_o churchman_n latin_n also_o be_v necessary_a for_o business_n and_o for_o public_a act_n and_o so_o it_o be_v for_o travel_v so_o that_o interpreter_n be_v call_v latinizer_n it_o be_v therefore_o impossible_a to_o be_v without_o latin_a but_o it_o be_v also_o impossible_a to_o establish_v the_o ancient_a purity_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o scarcity_n of_o book_n and_o upon_o other_o account_n which_o i_o have_v observe_v they_o be_v force_v to_o be_v content_v with_o speak_v and_o write_v it_o mean_o they_o make_v no_o scruple_n of_o mix_v therewith_o many_o barbarous_a word_n and_o to_o follow_v the_o phrase_n of_o the_o vulgar_a tongue_n they_o be_v satisfy_v with_o bare_o observe_v the_o case_n number_n gender_n conjugation_n and_o principal_a rule_n of_o syntax_n to_o this_o they_o whole_o reduce_v the_o study_n of_o grammar_n look_v upon_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o a_o unprofitable_a curiosity_n see_v man_n speak_v only_o to_o be_v understand_v and_o a_o more_o elegant_a sort_n of_o latin_a will_v have_v be_v more_o hardly_o understand_v and_o thus_o that_o barbarous_a latin_a come_v to_o be_v form_v which_o have_v so_o long_o be_v use_v in_o the_o palace_n which_o be_v with_o difficulty_n correct_v in_o the_o school_n and_o which_o be_v speak_v yet_o in_o germany_n and_o poland_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o travel_n thence_o come_v the_o necessity_n of_o gloss_n and_o commentary_n for_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o ancient_a book_n write_v in_o a_o pure_a style_n poetry_n consist_v only_o in_o know_v the_o measure_n of_o latin_a verse_n and_o the_o quantity_n of_o syllable_n for_o they_o go_v not_o so_o far_o as_o to_o distinguish_v the_o character_n of_o composure_n and_o the_o difference_n of_o styles_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o poem_n of_o gunther_n and_o william_n of_o breton_n which_o be_v only_o mere_a history_n of_o a_o flat_a style_n and_o as_o bad_a latin_a as_o that_o wherein_o they_o write_v in_o prose_n to_o the_o restraint_n of_o quantity_n and_o cut_n off_o they_o add_v that_o of_o rhime_n which_o make_v their_o leonine_n verse_n and_o often_o neglect_v even_o quantity_n they_o only_o make_v simple_a rhime_n in_o latin_a as_o in_o french_a and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o church_n hymn_n this_o be_v all_o the_o poetry_n of_o man_n which_o be_v serious_a as_o for_o the_o vulgar_a poetry_n which_o begin_v to_o be_v in_o request_n about_o the_o twelve_o age_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o so_o many_o romance_n and_o ballad_n it_o soon_o become_v the_o peculiar_a talon_n of_o debauchee_n and_o libertine_n such_o general_o be_v the_o country_n trombadour_n and_o other_o poet_n of_o this_o time_n who_o follow_v the_o court_n of_o prince_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o several_a of_o they_o be_v man_n of_o wit_n and_o consider_v the_o time_n of_o politeness_n also_o yet_o their_o work_n be_v full_a of_o fulsome_a love_n and_o extravagant_a fiction_n from_o this_o time_n they_o continue_v more_o and_o more_o to_o separate_v the_o pleasure_n of_o discourse_n from_o reason_v and_o solid_a study_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o make_v rhetoric_n neglect_v in_o the_o school_n for_o there_o they_o be_v not_o solicitous_a either_o to_o please_v or_o to_o move_v the_o passion_n they_o chief_o apply_v themselves_o to_o philosophy_n and_o they_o believe_v that_o it_o need_v no_o ornament_n of_o language_n or_o any_o figure_n of_o discourse_n thus_o endeavour_v to_o render_v it_o solid_a and_o methodical_a they_o make_v it_o very_o dry_a and_o ungrateful_a not_o consider_v that_o a_o natural_a and_o figure_v discourse_n spare_v a_o great_a many_o word_n and_o help_v the_o memory_n by_o the_o lively_a image_n it_o imprint_n upon_o the_o mind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n there_o be_v no_o study_n without_o curiosity_n and_o emulation_n our_o learned_a man_n do_v as_o the_o arabian_n have_v do_v either_o through_o imitation_n or_o by_o the_o same_o principle_n and_o stuff_v their_o philosophy_n with_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o question_n more_o subtle_a than_o solid_a fall_v short_a extreme_o of_o the_o idea_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n the_o logic_n of_o socrates_n which_o we_o see_v in_o plato_n and_o xenophon_n be_v a_o art_n of_o serious_o seek_v after_o truth_n and_o he_o call_v it_o the_o dialectic_a art_n because_o this_o search_n can_v be_v well_o make_v but_o by_o conversation_n betwixt_o two_o person_n both_o careful_a to_o reason_n well_o this_o art_n then_o consist_v in_o answer_v right_o to_o every_o question_n in_o make_v exact_a division_n in_o well_o define_v word_n and_o thing_n and_o attentive_o weigh_v every_o consequence_n before_o it_o be_v grant_v without_o be_v in_o a_o heat_n without_o fear_v to_o be_v overcome_v and_o to_o confess_v their_o error_n and_o without_o desire_v through_o prejudice_n or_o any_o by-respect_n that_o one_o proposition_n shall_v be_v true_a rather_o than_o another_o so_o that_o in_o this_o logic_n morality_n enter_v and_o eloquence_n find_v a_o place_n for_o since_o man_n be_v usual_o passionate_a or_o prevent_v with_o some_o error_n their_o passion_n must_v first_o be_v calm_v and_o their_o prejudices_fw-la remove_v before_o truth_n be_v propose_v which_o without_o this_o preparation_n will_v only_o offend_v they_o now_o this_o method_n require_v marvellous_a discretion_n and_o address_n for_o man_n to_o accommodate_v themselves_o to_o the_o infinite_a variety_n of_o mind_n and_o their_o distemper_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o we_o admire_v in_o plato_n 1._o it_o be_v upon_o this_o foundation_n that_o aristotle_n parallel_n logic_n with_o rhetoric_n and_o say_v that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o have_v the_o same_o design_n which_o be_v to_o persuade_v by_o discourse_n logic_n use_v more_o solid_a and_o convince_a reason_n because_o in_o particular_a conversation_n we_o better_o know_v
of_o man_n give_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o nature_n even_o the_o organ_n of_o human_a body_n to_o their_o direction_n they_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o natural_a magic_n and_o every_o thing_n of_o which_o they_o know_v not_o the_o cause_n they_o ascribe_v to_o that_o which_o be_v supernatural_a that_o be_v the_o power_n of_o wicked_a spirit_n for_o be_v assure_v by_o religion_n that_o there_o be_v such_o spirit_n and_o that_o god_n permit_v they_o sometime_o to_o deceive_v man_n nothing_o do_v more_o handsome_o conceal_v their_o ignorance_n than_o to_o attribute_v to_o they_o all_o that_o of_o which_o they_o can_v give_v no_o account_n thus_o the_o fiction_n of_o the_o poet_n of_o this_o time_n be_v not_o by_o much_o so_o absurd_a as_o they_o appear_v to_o we_o it_o be_v probable_a even_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n that_o there_o have_v be_v and_o that_o there_o be_v still_o in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n diviner_n and_o enchanter_n and_o that_o nature_n produce_v fly_v dragon_n and_o divers_a kind_n of_o monster_n this_o belief_n of_o fable_n in_o natural_a history_n introduce_v a_o great_a many_o superstitious_a practice_n especial_o in_o medic_n where_o people_n always_o love_v to_o do_v something_o that_o be_v useless_a rather_o than_o omit_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v of_o advantage_n to_o study_v natural_a philosophy_n under_o which_o be_v comprehend_v medic_n be_v only_o to_o read_v book_n and_o dispute_v as_o if_o there_o have_v be_v no_o animal_n to_o dissect_v no_o plant_n or_o mineral_n who_o effect_n be_v to_o be_v try_v as_o if_o man_n have_v not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o their_o sense_n to_o have_v satisfy_v themselves_o of_o the_o truth_n of_o that_o which_o other_o have_v say_v in_o a_o word_n as_o if_o no_o such_o thing_n as_o nature_n have_v be_v in_o the_o world_n to_o have_v be_v consult_v in_o herself_o much_o after_o this_o manner_n be_v art_n and_o especial_o medic_n treat_v in_o the_o university_n the_o same_o method_n be_v pursue_v in_o law_n law_n since_o the_o ignorance_n of_o latin_a and_o history_n hinder_v they_o from_o understanding_n the_o text_n they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o summary_n and_o gloss_n of_o those_o who_o be_v presume_v best_a to_o understand_v they_o and_o who_o themselves_o 6._o have_v not_o the_o help_n of_o other_o book_n do_v only_o explain_v one_o place_n of_o the_o digest_v or_o the_o decretal_a by_o another_o compare_v they_o as_o exact_o as_o they_o can_v the_o fault_n of_o these_o master_n easy_o deceive_v their_o disciple_n and_o some_o so_o far_o abuse_v their_o credulity_n as_o to_o mix_v with_o their_o gloss_n ridiculous_a etymology_n and_o absurd_a fable_n whether_o it_o be_v that_o they_o do_v not_o apprehend_v that_o they_o can_v not_o practise_v the_o law_n if_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v they_o or_o that_o they_o despair_v to_o understand_v they_o better_o however_o it_o be_v their_o great_a endeavour_n be_v to_o reduce_v they_o to_o practise_v to_o handle_v question_n upon_o the_o consequence_n which_o they_o have_v draw_v from_o the_o text_n to_o give_v counsel_n and_o decide_v case_n but_o when_o they_o undertake_v to_o apply_v this_o roman_a law_n to_o our_o affair_n which_o be_v so_o ill_o understand_v by_o we_o and_o so_o different_a from_o our_o manner_n and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n preserve_v our_o custom_n which_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o change_v the_o rule_n of_o justice_n become_v much_o more_o uncertain_a all_o civil_a law_n be_v reduce_v to_o school-dispute_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o doctor_n who_o have_v not_o sufficient_o penetrate_v into_o the_o principle_n of_o morality_n and_o natural_a equity_n seek_v sometime_o their_o particular_a interest_n they_o also_o who_o seek_v after_o justice_n know_v no_o other_o mean_n of_o procure_v it_o but_o particular_a remedy_n against_o injustice_n which_o make_v they_o invent_v so_o many_o new_a clause_n for_o contract_n and_o so_o many_o formality_n for_o judgement_n they_o as_o the_o physician_n do_v labour_v only_o to_o heal_v present_a evil_n without_o take_v care_n to_o stop_v the_o fountain_n of_o they_o and_o prevent_v they_o for_o the_o future_a or_o rather_o they_o can_v not_o do_v it_o for_o to_o take_v away_o the_o general_a cause_n of_o vexatious_a process_n and_o injustice_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v concern_v that_o there_o be_v some_o certain_a and_o stable_a law_n know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n and_o public_a officer_n full_o authorize_v a_o great_a many_o mean_n of_o enrich_v as_o well_o as_o ruine_v themselves_o must_v be_v take_v away_o from_o particular_a person_n and_o as_o far_o as_o possible_a they_o must_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o most_o simple_a and_o natural_a way_n of_o live_v as_o we_o see_v in_o that_o law_n which_o god_n himself_o give_v to_o his_o people_n and_o which_o whilst_o they_o observe_v it_o make_v they_o so_o happy_a but_o then_o europe_n be_v so_o divide_v and_o prince_n so_o weak_a both_o in_o power_n and_o intellectual_n that_o it_o never_o come_v into_o their_o head_n to_o make_v such_o law_n divinity_n be_v more_o pure_o study_v and_o indeed_o we_o find_v in_o all_o time_n divinity_n a_o sensible_a protection_n of_o god_n over_o his_o church_n always_o to_o preserve_v therein_o the_o sound_a doctrine_n but_o though_o the_o doctrine_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o the_o forego_n age_n the_o manner_n of_o teach_v be_v different_a the_o father_n of_o the_o church_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n bishop_n very_o much_o employ_v scarce_o write_v any_o thing_n but_o when_o they_o be_v necessitate_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o religion_n against_o heretic_n and_o pagan_n and_o they_o treat_v only_o of_o such_o question_n as_o be_v real_o propose_v a_o good_a part_n of_o their_o work_n be_v sermon_n which_o they_o make_v to_o the_o people_n in_o explain_v the_o holy_a scripture_n but_o the_o doctor_n of_o the_o university_n be_v whole_o take_v up_o in_o study_v and_o teach_v do_v separate_v even_o all_o the_o part_n of_o ecclesiastical_a study_n one_o from_o another_o some_o confine_v themselves_o to_o the_o explication_n of_o scripture_n which_o they_o call_v positive_a theology_n other_o to_o the_o mystery_n and_o speculative_a truth_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o scholastic_a other_o to_o morality_n and_o the_o decision_n of_o case_n of_o conscience_n thus_o their_o end_n in_o the_o school_n be_v to_o teach_v they_o make_v it_o their_o business_n to_o treat_v of_o as_o many_o question_n as_o they_o can_v and_o to_o place_v they_o methodical_o they_o think_v that_o to_o exercise_v their_o disciple_n and_o prepare_v they_o for_o serious_a dispute_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o faith_n they_o ought_v to_o examine_v all_o the_o subtlety_n which_o human_a reason_n can_v furnish_v they_o with_o upon_o these_o subject_n and_o obviate_v all_o the_o objection_n of_o curious_a and_o restless_a spirit_n they_o have_v leisure_n for_o it_o and_o they_o be_v provide_v with_o mean_n of_o do_v it_o out_o of_o aristotle_n logic_n and_o metaphysic_n together_o with_o the_o commentary_n of_o the_o arabian_n thus_o they_o do_v much_o the_o same_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v in_o fencing-school_n and_o the_o academy_n where_o to_o give_v activity_n and_o spirit_n unto_o young_a man_n they_o teach_v they_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v very_o rare_o make_v use_n of_o in_o real_a encounter_n in_o explain_v the_o master_n of_o the_o sentence_n who_o book_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o body_n of_o scholastic_a divinity_n they_o form_v every_o day_n new_a question_n upon_o those_o which_o he_o have_v propound_v and_o afterward_o they_o do_v the_o same_o upon_o st._n thomas_n sum_n but_o now_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o this_o form_n and_o resolve_v of_o question_n and_o in_o general_a this_o mere_a reason_v do_v for_o a_o long_a time_n lessen_v man_n application_n to_o positive_a study_n which_o consist_v in_o read_v and_o criticism_n as_o the_o know_v the_o literal_a sense_n of_o scripture_n the_o sentiment_n of_o the_o father_n and_o matter_n of_o fact_n in_o ecclesiastical_a history_n it_o be_v true_a these_o study_n be_v very_o difficult_a through_o the_o great_a scarcity_n of_o book_n and_o the_o little_a knowledge_n of_o ancient_a language_n a_o bible_n with_o the_o ordinary_a gloss_n complete_a be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o in_o great_a library_n a_o private_a person_n be_v rich_a when_o he_o have_v gratian_n decretal_a and_o the_o great_a part_n know_v not_o the_o father_n but_o by_o this_o collection_n this_o be_v very_o much_o the_o state_n of_o study_n in_o france_n humanity_n and_o in_o europe_n when_o man_n begin_v to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o humanity_n i_o mean_v chief_o to_o grammar_n and_o history_n this_o restoration_n may_v be_v
reason_n of_o they_o there_o will_v be_v a_o time_n to_o do_v that_o afterward_o and_o because_o i_o suppose_v a_o morality_n which_o be_v christian_a who_o precept_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o faith_n i_o will_v begin_v with_o these_o doctrine_n first_o of_o all_o to_o instruct_v the_o child_n i_o have_v already_o touch_v upon_o this_o when_o i_o say_v we_o ought_v to_o begin_v with_o they_o by_o teach_v they_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o mention_v those_o which_o shall_v be_v first_o plant_v in_o their_o memory_n for_o the_o first_o instruction_n of_o religion_n shall_v then_o be_v instill_a into_o they_o when_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o advisable_v to_o employ_v they_o in_o any_o formal_a lesson_n be_v careful_a to_o recount_v to_o they_o a_o great_a many_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o maxim_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v be_v furnish_v with_o principle_n of_o reason_v when_o they_o shall_v afterward_o come_v to_o have_v the_o strength_n of_o attention_n and_o the_o habit_n of_o think_v these_o discourse_n will_v be_v as_o it_o be_v seed_n sow_v at_o all_o adventure_n which_o spring_v up_o and_o bring_v forth_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o soil_n be_v fruitful_a and_o heaven_n be_v favourable_a i_o shall_v not_o here_o dilate_v upon_o the_o particular_a method_n of_o teach_v religion_n what_o i_o have_v say_v upon_o this_o subject_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o the_o historical_a catechism_n when_o child_n have_v learn_v this_o catechism_n or_o any_o other_o that_o be_v better_a and_o be_v capable_a to_o read_v the_o holy_a scripture_n care_n shall_v be_v take_v to_o make_v they_o know_v the_o outward_a beauty_n thereof_o i_o mean_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o different_a style_n that_o they_o observe_v in_o the_o history_n how_o choice_n and_o orderly_o place_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v how_o short_a lively_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o clear_a the_o narration_n be_v that_o they_o take_v notice_n in_o the_o poetry_n of_o the_o nobleness_n of_o the_o elocution_n the_o variety_n of_o figure_n the_o sublimity_n of_o the_o thought_n in_o the_o moral_a book_n of_o the_o elegance_n and_o brevity_n of_o the_o sentence_n in_o the_o prophet_n the_o vehemence_n of_o the_o reproach_n and_o threaten_n and_o the_o richness_n of_o the_o expression_n that_o all_o this_o be_v show_v to_o they_o by_o comparison_n with_o profane_a author_n who_o the_o learned_a esteem_n so_o much_o and_o that_o it_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n forget_v to_o signify_v unto_o they_o that_o the_o translation_n do_v not_o come_v up_o to_o the_o beauty_n of_o the_o original_a language_n the_o same_o profane_a author_n will_v further_o help_v they_o to_o understand_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o first_o antiquity_n and_o cause_v they_o not_o to_o be_v surprise_v by_o a_o great_a many_o mode_n of_o act_v and_o speak_v which_o offend_v the_o ignorant_a when_o they_o read_v the_o scripture_n which_o be_v that_o which_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o do_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o israelite_n i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v useful_a to_o give_v they_o some_o slight_a knowledge_n of_o the_o father_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a author_n for_o i_o be_o concern_v to_o see_v that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o christian_n who_o study_n know_v virgil_n and_o cicero_n better_a than_o st._n augustin_n or_o st._n chrysostom_n you_o will_v say_v perhaps_o that_o in_o they_o we_o do_v not_o meet_v with_o that_o wit_n and_o knowledge_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o pagan_a author_n and_o that_o christian_a author_n be_v proper_a for_o none_o but_o priest_n and_o devout_a person_n their_o title_n holy_a be_v a_o prejudice_n to_o they_o and_o doubtless_o make_v many_o person_n believe_v that_o their_o work_n be_v full_a only_o of_o ungrateful_a exhortation_n or_o meditation_n man_n seek_v philosophy_n in_o aristotle_n and_o put_v he_o to_o the_o torture_n much_o against_o his_o will_n to_o accommodate_v he_o to_o christianity_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v in_o st._n augustin_n a_o philosophy_n altogether_o christian_n at_o least_o morality_n metaphysic_n and_o the_o most_o solid_a part_n of_o logic_n for_o as_o for_o natural_a philosophy_n he_o do_v not_o apply_v himself_o thereto_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o seek_v for_o eloquence_n in_o st._n chrysostom_n in_o st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n and_o in_o st._n cyprian_n as_o well_o as_o in_o demosthenes_n and_o cicero_n and_o why_o in_o they_o shall_v we_o not_o also_o look_v for_o morality_n rather_o than_o in_o plutarch_n and_o seneca_n prudentius_n indeed_o be_v not_o so_o good_a a_o poet_n as_o horace_n be_v but_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v despise_v for_o he_o have_v write_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o wit_n and_o elegance_n without_o borrow_v the_o ornament_n of_o the_o ancient_n which_o do_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o subject_n in_o a_o word_n i_o will_v have_v the_o young_a man_n early_o advertise_v that_o several_a saint_n even_o those_o who_o be_v most_o zealous_a for_o religion_n and_o most_o severe_a in_o their_o manner_n as_o st._n basil_n st._n gregory_n nazianzen_n st._n athanasius_n be_v great_a wit_n and_o very_o polite_a man_n and_o if_o they_o have_v undervalue_v human_a learning_n and_o the_o science_n it_o be_v not_o because_o they_o want_v knowledge_n but_o because_o they_o know_v better_a moreover_o to_o balance_v the_o human_a virtue_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n i_o will_v make_v my_o scholar_n observe_v not_o only_o the_o same_o kind_n of_o virtue_n but_o much_o great_a and_o other_o altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o pagan_n such_o as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v either_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n or_o the_o most_o approve_a ecclesiastical_a history_n i_o will_v let_v he_o see_v the_o wisdom_n and_o the_o constancy_n of_o the_o martyr_n by_o the_o most_o authentic_a act_n yet_o remain_v as_o those_o of_o st._n pionius_n priest_n of_o smyrna_n of_o st._n euplius_n deacon_n of_o catanea_n in_o sicily_n of_o pope_n stephen_n and_o of_o so_o many_o other_o the_o read_n of_o which_o be_v most_o delightful_a i_o shall_v make_v he_o admire_v the_o patience_n and_o angelic_a purity_n of_o the_o solitary_a by_o the_o relation_n of_o st._n athanasius_n st._n jerom_n palladius_n cassian_n and_o many_o other_o grave_a author_n last_o i_o will_v let_v he_o know_v those_o who_o live_v as_o good_a christian_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o worldly_a business_n and_o great_a employ_v as_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n st._n pulcheria_n charlemaign_n st._n lewis_n though_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o there_o never_o be_v any_o age_n wherein_o the_o church_n have_v not_o her_o great_a saint_n and_o to_o observe_v their_o different_a character_n nevertheless_o to_o have_v a_o great_a and_o holy_a idea_n of_o christianity_n it_o be_v adviseable_a chief_o to_o dwell_v upon_o the_o first_o age_n wherein_o the_o virtue_n be_v more_o frequent_a and_o the_o discipline_n more_o vigorous_a thus_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o christian_n whether_o in_o the_o time_n of_o persecution_n or_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o church_n liberty_n shall_v be_v plain_o represent_v their_o domestic_a way_n of_o live_v the_o form_n of_o their_o assembly_n the_o prayer_n fast_n and_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n particular_o of_o penitence_n all_o this_o may_v be_v relate_v very_o agreeable_o a_o young_a man_n that_o have_v these_o idea_n of_o religion_n will_v have_v the_o great_a principle_n of_o morality_n or_o rather_o he_o will_v have_v the_o thing_n itself_o for_o i_o will_v advise_v that_o during_o this_o time_n he_o shall_v be_v teach_v the_o rule_n thereof_o by_o the_o read_n of_o holy_a scripture_n particular_o the_o epistle_n and_o gospel_n for_o sunday_n the_o principal_a holiday_n and_o lent_n and_o some_o little_a work_n of_o the_o father_n as_o the_o confession_n of_o st._n augustin_n the_o office_n of_o st._n ambrose_n the_o consideration_n of_o st._n bernard_n and_o because_o this_o study_n shall_v be_v carry_v on_o by_o little_a and_o little_a together_o with_o other_o study_n of_o humanity_n and_o philosophy_n care_n shall_v be_v take_v in_o his_o read_n of_o profane_a author_n to_o advertise_v he_o of_o all_o the_o error_n which_o be_v to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o they_o and_o the_o imperfection_n of_o their_o pure_a morality_n in_o comparison_n with_o the_o christian_a to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v value_v these_o author_n no_o more_o than_o they_o deserve_v it_o be_v very_o useful_a to_o accustom_v child_n to_o judge_v of_o that_o which_o they_o read_v and_o often_o to_o ask_v they_o what_o they_o think_v of_o such_o a_o maxim_n or_o such_o a_o action_n and_o what_o they_o will_v have_v do_v upon_o such_o a_o occasion_n hereby_o their_o sentiment_n be_v discover_v which_o if_o bad_a may_v be_v rectify_v if_o right_a encourage_v it_o be_v
often_o change_v yet_o they_o who_o have_v know_v they_o once_o will_v not_o be_v so_o much_o to_o seek_v especial_o if_o they_o be_v once_o well_o tell_v why_o some_o commodity_n be_v so_o dear_a in_o respect_n of_o other_o and_o the_o most_o ordinary_a cause_n of_o the_o change_n of_o price_n i_o shall_v also_o desire_v that_o a_o young_a man_n be_v soon_o instruct_v either_o by_o experience_n or_o a_o exact_a relation_n in_o all_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o travel_v this_o be_v the_o study_n which_o i_o call_v aeconomick_n it_o easy_o appear_v that_o i_o do_v not_o pretend_v to_o make_v it_o a_o study_n in_o form_n or_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v learn_v by_o book_n it_o may_v be_v learn_v by_o conversation_n and_o practice_n and_o will_v be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o office_n of_o a_o master_n as_o the_o care_n of_o a_o good_a father_n or_o a_o affectionate_a tutor_n other_o study_n will_v assist_v it_o and_o it_o will_v help_v they_o to_o exercise_v the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n the_o young_a person_n may_v make_v up_o the_o account_n and_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o receipt_n and_o expense_n which_o be_v so_o necessary_a a_o practice_n to_o every_o man_n who_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o take_v care_n of_o 7._o that_o it_o be_v recommend_v in_o scripture_n itself_o in_o human_a author_n as_o cicero_n and_o virgil_n it_o may_v be_v observe_v to_o they_o how_o much_o the_o roman_n do_v then_o esteem_v husbandry_n and_o a_o diligent_a application_n to_o their_o domestic_a affair_n this_o may_v be_v see_v more_o in_o those_o author_n which_o treat_v of_o country_n business_n as_o cato_n and_o columella_n and_o in_o some_o book_n of_o the_o law_n the_o young_a roman_n must_v needs_o have_v be_v very_o soon_o fit_a to_o act_n and_o manage_v their_o affair_n since_o at_o fourteen_o year_n they_o be_v out_o of_o tuition_n be_v account_v grow_v man_n at_o eighteen_o and_o take_v their_o place_n and_o argue_v free_o before_o the_o magistrate_n as_o for_o the_o greek_n the_o aeconomick_n of_o xenophon_n aristophanes_n theocritus_n hesiod_n and_o homer_n do_v show_v that_o they_o busy_v themselves_o very_o much_o within_o their_o house_n in_o management_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o husbandry_n and_o that_o the_o rich_a and_o most_o civilise_v person_n do_v then_o make_v that_o their_o business_n and_o delight_n which_o at_o this_o day_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o lot_n of_o the_o miserable_a the_o authority_n of_o these_o great_a name_n and_o the_o consent_n of_o such_o excellent_a write_n may_v give_v noble_a idea_n of_o all_o even_o the_o most_o common_a thing_n of_o life_n this_o also_o may_v make_v the_o scholar_n much_o more_o capable_a of_o profit_v even_o by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n see_v that_o all_o which_o be_v account_v so_o mean_a and_o dull_a come_v from_o the_o simple_a and_o solid_a manner_n of_o that_o wise_a antiquity_n when_o no_o person_n disdain_v to_o labour_n more_o than_o he_o do_v to_o eat_v and_o this_o i_o think_v i_o have_v show_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o israelite_n but_o whether_o the_o scholar_n shall_v read_v these_o author_n or_o the_o master_n relate_v to_o he_o what_o they_o say_v i_o will_v have_v he_o careful_a to_o make_v all_o thing_n very_o sensible_a and_o refer_v all_o to_o our_o own_o country_n usage_n and_o custom_n let_v we_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o grammarian_n by_o profession_n curious_o to_o inquire_v after_o all_o the_o plant_n which_o virgil_n name_v and_o the_o description_n of_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o agriculture_n which_o hesiod_n mention_n let_v we_o only_o take_v occasion_n from_o what_o they_o say_v to_o make_v our_o scholar_n understand_v that_o which_o at_o present_a be_v do_v in_o our_o country_n and_o let_v we_o not_o be_v discourage_v if_o they_o use_v some_o word_n which_o we_o may_v not_o understand_v provide_v that_o we_o know_v our_o way_n of_o management_n as_o well_o as_o they_o do_v they_o as_o for_o the_o law_n since_o it_o depend_v less_o upon_o the_o imagination_n jurisprudence_n and_o have_v more_o reason_v in_o it_o we_o shall_v wait_v till_o the_o mind_n be_v more_o accustom_a to_o attend_v and_o the_o judgement_n be_v form_v that_o be_v till_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o year_n and_o till_o our_o scholar_n be_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o study_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o make_v this_o sensible_a and_o agreeable_a than_o it_o be_v philosophy_n which_o be_v the_o ordinary_a study_n at_o this_o age_n especial_o after_o this_o foundation_n of_o aeconomick_n of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n more_o easy_a you_o may_v suppose_v that_o by_o skill_n in_o the_o law_n i_o do_v not_o here_o understand_v that_o long_a and_o difficult_a study_n which_o make_v lawyer_n by_o profession_n and_o which_o contain_v the_o knowledge_n not_o only_o of_o all_o the_o law_n that_o be_v use_v in_o a_o country_n upon_o any_o subject_n whatsoever_o but_o of_o all_o that_o also_o which_o serve_v to_o explain_v and_o apply_v they_o to_o particular_a matter_n i_o only_o speak_v here_o of_o those_o study_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o all_o man_n of_o ingenuous_a birth_n thus_o as_o to_o law_n i_o only_o understand_v that_o which_o every_o private_a person_n be_v oblige_v to_o know_v of_o it_o in_o order_n to_o keep_v what_o he_o have_v and_o to_o do_v nothing_o against_o the_o law_n every_o one_o be_v thus_o far_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n themselves_o which_o presume_v that_o all_o citizen_n be_v instruct_v therein_o since_o they_o impute_v the_o ignorance_n of_o they_o as_o a_o fault_n and_o punish_v it_o either_o by_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o they_o have_v fail_v to_o observe_v the_o law_n in_o get_v or_o preserve_v they_o or_o by_o more_o severe_a punishment_n if_o this_o ignorance_n have_v betray_v they_o to_o some_o crime_n nevertheless_o no_o care_n be_v take_v to_o instruct_v young_a person_n in_o they_o except_o those_o who_o be_v design_v for_o the_o gown_n and_o questionless_a it_o will_v be_v think_v strange_a that_o i_o desire_v this_o shall_v be_v do_v but_o to_o examine_v thing_n without_o prejudice_n this_o study_n be_v as_o useful_a at_o least_o as_o philosophy_n which_o they_o be_v teach_v and_o be_v not_o more_o difficult_a but_o philosophy_n it_o may_v be_v say_v exercise_n the_o mind_n of_o young_a person_n and_o make_v they_o subtle_a so_o will_v also_o the_o subtlety_n of_o law_n by_o which_o the_o principal_a point_n will_v be_v better_o understand_v but_o it_o be_v fear_v that_o they_o will_v be_v tire_v shall_v they_o be_v tell_v of_o the_o usus_fw-la fructus_fw-la and_o propriety_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o right_n of_o heir-ship_n and_o body_n hereditary_a betwixt_o the_o part_n individible_a and_o the_o part_n divise_v although_o solid_a effect_n of_o all_o these_o distinction_n may_v be_v show_v to_o they_o be_v it_o not_o to_o be_v fear_v likewise_o lest_o the_o universals_z the_o category_n the_o infinite_a in_o act_n and_o in_o power_n and_o the_o entia_fw-la rationis_fw-la shall_v put_v they_o out_o of_o humour_n in_o short_a the_o knowledge_n of_o right_n whether_o pleasant_a or_o not_o be_v necessary_a to_o all_o who_o live_v under_o the_o same_o law_n this_o study_n will_v be_v very_o easy_a if_o we_o have_v certain_a and_o fix_a law_n as_o the_o roman_n have_v those_o of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o athenian_n those_o of_o solon_n the_o hebrew_n those_o of_o moses_n or_o rather_o of_o god_n a_o man_n shall_v need_v only_o to_o read_v these_o law_n to_o know_v his_o duty_n but_o it_o be_v not_o thus_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o experience_n be_v require_v to_o distinguish_v in_o the_o large_a volume_n of_o the_o edict_n of_o our_o king_n those_o which_o be_v observe_v from_o those_o which_o be_v not_o custom_n speak_v not_o but_o of_o certain_a matter_n we_o follow_v a_o great_a many_o rule_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o great_a part_n of_o which_o nevertheless_o be_v not_o receive_v at_o least_o not_o into_o the_o number_n of_o our_o custom_n our_o law_n therefore_o be_v so_o mix_v and_o so_o uncertain_a there_o be_v great_a need_n of_o study_n to_o understand_v it_o i_o mean_v to_o have_v such_o a_o indifferent_a knowledge_n of_o it_o as_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v in_o private_a person_n for_o to_o know_v it_o exact_o it_o be_v the_o study_n of_o a_o man_n whole_a life_n now_o this_o indifferent_a knowledge_n thereof_o necessary_a to_o all_o i_o make_v to_o consist_v in_o these_o thing_n first_o in_o understand_v the_o term_n ordinary_o use_v in_o speak_v of_o business_n and_o which_o we_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o ordinance_n custom_n and_o other_o law_n book_n warrant_v as_o fief_n censive_a propres_fw-fr acquest_n déguerpir_n garantir_fw-fr and_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v not_o
affair_n and_o as_o it_o be_v the_o title_n of_o his_o house_n and_o that_o of_o foreign_a country_n near_o to_o he_o teach_v he_o the_o concern_v of_o his_o neighbour_n which_o be_v always_o mix_v with_o his_o own_o nevertheless_o since_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v know_v and_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o man_n mind_n be_v limit_v he_o ought_v chief_o to_o study_v the_o history_n of_o his_o own_o country_n and_o house_n and_o to_o have_v a_o more_o particular_a knowledge_n of_o that_o which_o be_v near_a to_o his_o own_o time_n i_o will_v have_v every_o lord_n proportionable_o to_o know_v well_o the_o history_n of_o his_o own_o family_n and_o every_o private_a person_n that_o of_o his_o own_o shire_n and_o town_n better_a than_o those_o of_o other_o the_o book_n of_o genesis_n be_v a_o perfect_a model_n of_o the_o choice_n which_o every_o one_o shall_v make_v in_o the_o study_n of_o history_n moses_n have_v therein_o comprise_v all_o the_o thing_n which_o it_o be_v useful_a for_o the_o israelite_n to_o know_v chief_o dilate_v upon_o those_o which_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n as_o the_o creation_n the_o sin_n of_o the_o first_o man_n the_o deluge_n the_o history_n of_o the_o patriarch_n 1._o unto_o who_o god_n have_v make_v the_o promise_n which_o he_o be_v about_o to_o fulfil_v he_o do_v not_o omit_v to_o observe_v the_o origin_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o to_o speak_v more_o or_o less_o of_o their_o history_n as_o they_o have_v more_o or_o less_o relation_n to_o the_o people_n for_o who_o he_o write_v but_o if_o you_o will_v have_v a_o abridgement_n only_o for_o the_o refresh_n of_o your_o memory_n you_o have_v a_o example_n thereof_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o the_o chronicle_n where_o the_o name_n alone_o place_v successive_o recall_v all_o the_o history_n of_o genesis_n it_o be_v nevertheless_o to_o be_v wish_v though_o it_o be_v not_o absolute_o necessary_a that_o all_o who_o have_v leisure_n do_v read_v the_o principal_a history_n of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n they_o be_v profitable_a both_o for_o morality_n and_o eloquence_n for_o bring_v to_o the_o read_n of_o they_o that_o corrective_a which_o i_o have_v prescribe_v the_o example_n of_o the_o great_a action_n and_o good_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_n may_v be_v very_o useful_a and_o the_o manner_n after_o which_o the_o historian_n write_v may_v be_v of_o great_a advantage_n to_o we_o both_o as_o to_o the_o method_n and_o to_o the_o style_n if_o we_o know_v how_o to_o imitate_v they_o so_o that_o a_o man_n shall_v as_o well_o exercise_v himself_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n by_o read_v the_o historian_n as_o other_o author_n since_o without_o read_v much_o he_o can_v learn_v it_o after_o the_o history_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o action_n of_o man_n history_n the_o most_o useful_a study_n in_o my_o opinion_n be_v natural_a history_n i_o comprehend_v under_o this_o name_n all_o that_o knowledge_n which_o be_v positive_a and_o found_v upon_o that_o experience_n which_o respect_v the_o construction_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o of_o all_o its_o part_n as_o far_o as_o be_v needful_a for_o one_o who_o be_v not_o to_o be_v a_o astronomer_n physician_n or_o naturalist_n by_o profession_n for_o no_o man_n sure_o shall_v be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o this_o world_n which_o we_o inhabit_v of_o these_o plant_n and_o these_o animal_n which_o nourish_v we_o of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v ourselves_o i_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a of_o all_o but_o this_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o soul_n which_o i_o refer_v to_o logic_n and_o morality_n as_o for_o the_o body_n since_o we_o govern_v it_o much_o less_o by_o knowledge_n than_o by_o a_o blind_a instinct_n attend_v with_o motion_n which_o depend_v upon_o we_o yet_o without_o our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o spring_n and_o machine_n which_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o they_o the_o particular_a knowledge_n of_o its_o structure_n be_v scarce_o of_o any_o use_n to_o we_o but_o for_o the_o admire_a its_o author_n who_o be_v not_o less_o admirable_a in_o other_o animal_n and_o other_o part_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v true_a we_o shall_v be_v affect_v more_o with_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o ourselves_o moreover_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o body_n be_v very_o useful_a for_o understand_v the_o passion_n their_o cause_n and_o their_o cure_n which_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o morality_n and_o for_o discern_v what_o be_v proper_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o health_n from_o that_o which_o be_v destructive_a thereof_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o study_n which_o i_o have_v place_v among_o the_o most_o necessary_a this_o natural_a history_n therefore_o shall_v comprise_v cosmography_n and_o anatomy_n by_o cosmography_n i_o understand_v the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o star_n their_o distance_n their_o magnitude_n their_o motion_n according_a to_o the_o late_a observation_n of_o the_o most_o exact_a astronomer_n depend_v upon_o they_o as_o skilful_a person_n who_o deserve_v to_o be_v credit_v without_o examine_v their_o proof_n herein_o also_o i_o comprehend_v the_o meteor_n not_o labour_v to_o search_v out_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o but_o only_o to_o know_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n the_o description_n of_o the_o earth_n not_o so_o much_o of_o its_o surface_n which_o relate_v to_o geography_n and_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o moral_a history_n as_o its_o depth_n and_o the_o different_a body_n which_o it_o contain_v at_o first_o sight_n it_o seem_v as_o if_o this_o knowledge_n be_v no_o more_o than_o pure_a curiosity_n but_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o raise_v the_o mind_n and_o enlarge_n it_o for_o furnish_v we_o with_o true_a idea_n of_o the_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o almighty_a power_n of_o god_n of_o our_o own_o weakness_n and_o the_o littleness_n of_o all_o humane_a thing_n under_o the_o name_n of_o anatomy_n i_o comprise_v that_o of_o plant_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o animal_n without_o launch_v into_o curiosity_n which_o have_v no_o bound_n i_o will_v have_v my_o scholar_n to_o know_v well_o the_o animal_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o most_o famous_a of_o other_o country_n and_o the_o plant_n which_o be_v most_o use_v that_o he_o shall_v know_v how_o to_o distinguish_v the_o principal_a part_n of_o a_o plant_n and_o a_o animal_n that_o he_o shall_v see_v how_o these_o live_a body_n be_v nourish_v and_o preserve_v but_o particular_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o admirable_a structure_n of_o those_o spring_n which_o make_v animal_n to_o move_v i_o mean_v that_o of_o they_o which_o be_v feel_v with_o the_o finger_n the_o bone_n and_o the_o muscle_n this_o study_n if_o he_o have_v leisure_n and_o a_o genius_n may_v be_v extend_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o those_o art_n wherein_o be_v employ_v the_o most_o ingenuous_a machine_n or_o which_o produce_v the_o most_o considerable_a change_n in_o natural_a body_n as_o chemistry_n the_o melt_v of_o metal_n make_v glass_n tan_v and_o die_v into_o the_o number_n of_o those_o study_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o all_o student_n geometry_n i_o also_o put_v geometry_n in_o truth_n it_o do_v not_o only_o contain_v the_o principle_n of_o several_a very_a useful_a art_n as_o mechanic_n survey_v trigonometry_n gnomonic_n architecture_n whole_o especial_o fortification_n of_o such_o great_a use_n at_o this_o day_n but_o also_o it_o form_v the_o mind_n in_o general_n and_o strengthen_v the_o reason_n extreme_o it_o accustom_n man_n not_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o appearance_n to_o seek_v after_o solid_a proof_n and_o not_o to_o stop_v as_o long_o as_o there_o be_v the_o least_o ground_n for_o doubt_v and_o by_o this_o mean_n to_o discern_v convince_v and_o demonstrative_a reason_n from_o mere_a probability_n it_o will_v nevertheless_o be_v dangerous_a if_o not_o direct_v by_o such_o a_o logic_n as_o i_o have_v reckon_v among_o the_o number_n of_o necessary_a study_n for_o it_o be_v this_o logic_n which_o lay_v down_o the_o great_a rule_n of_o evidence_n of_o certainty_n and_o demonstration_n and_o bid_v we_o not_o believe_v that_o none_o but_o sensible_a and_o imaginable_a thing_n as_o the_o object_n of_o geometry_n be_v can_v be_v clear_o know_v that_o there_o be_v no_o certain_a reason_n but_o those_o concern_v the_o relation_n of_o angle_n and_o line_n or_o the_o proportion_n of_o number_n that_o we_o ought_v in_o all_o matter_n to_o expect_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o certainty_n but_o when_o these_o distinction_n and_o general_a rule_n be_v lay_v down_o by_o a_o good_a logic_n geometry_n open_v a_o great_a field_n of_o exercise_n for_o defining_n divide_v and_o reason_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o young_a man_n study_n when_o he_o be_v about_o the_o age_n of_o fourteen_o
much_o in_o these_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o harshness_n of_o these_o first_o lesson_n make_v they_o for_o a_o long_a time_n disgust_v all_o study_n we_o shall_v have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o patience_n with_o they_o make_v they_o read_v but_o a_o little_a at_o a_o time_n and_o insensible_o increase_v as_o it_o become_v more_o easy_a to_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n teach_v they_o history_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v divert_v they_o at_o first_o we_o make_v they_o read_v in_o latin_a because_o it_o be_v pronounce_v more_o as_o it_o be_v write_v than_o the_o french_a but_o i_o believe_v that_o the_o pleasure_n a_o child_n will_v have_v to_o understand_v what_o he_o shall_v read_v and_o to_o see_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o labour_n will_v make_v he_o go_v on_o fast_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o shall_v present_o give_v he_o some_o french_a book_n which_o he_o may_v understand_v it_o easy_o appear_v that_o the_o same_o difficulty_n which_o there_o be_v in_o learning_n to_o read_v be_v also_o to_o be_v find_v in_o latin_a and_o other_o language_n and_o that_o they_o continue_v long_o there_o be_v also_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o school_n add_v to_o they_o another_o difficulty_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o rule_n and_o all_o the_o art_n of_o grammar_n for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o accustom_v to_o learn_v latin_a but_o with_o the_o grammar_n nor_o the_o grammar_n but_o in_o latin_a or_o upon_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o latin_a grammar_n it_o be_v clear_a nevertheless_o that_o these_o be_v two_o different_a study_n since_o there_o be_v no_o language_n which_o may_v not_o be_v learned_a by_o use_n as_o likewise_o there_o be_v none_o which_o have_v not_o its_o grammar_n i_o have_v show_v that_o this_o method_n begin_v at_o the_o time_n when_o latin_n be_v the_o vulgar_a language_n and_o that_o the_o greek_a grammar_n which_o be_v the_o first_o which_o we_o know_v be_v make_v also_o by_o the_o greek_n thus_o to_o imitate_v these_o ancient_n who_o we_o do_v with_o so_o much_o reason_n esteem_n the_o grammar_n shall_v be_v study_v in_o our_o own_o language_n before_o it_o be_v study_v in_o another_o since_o this_o study_n will_v consist_v only_o in_o cause_v the_o child_n to_o make_v reflection_n upon_o a_o language_n which_o he_o already_o know_v he_o will_v often_o take_v pleasure_n therein_o and_o the_o difficulty_n which_o he_o shall_v meet_v with_o will_v be_v less_o than_o they_o will_v be_v when_o add_v to_o those_o of_o learn_v a_o language_n there_o will_v be_v always_o this_o advantage_n that_o he_o may_v be_v make_v perfect_o to_o understand_v all_o the_o precept_n by_o familiar_a example_n but_o i_o will_v not_o load_v he_o with_o over_o many_o rule_n since_o the_o great_a curiosity_n in_o grammar_n consume_v much_o time_n and_o be_v of_o no_o use_n you_o have_v perhaps_o labour_v a_o whole_a day_n to_o get_v by_o heart_n one_o exception_n whereof_o probable_o you_o will_v have_v no_o use_n three_o time_n in_o all_o your_o life_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o the_o principal_a definition_n and_o the_o most_o general_a rule_n and_o shall_v propose_v no_o more_o to_o myself_o than_o to_o speak_v and_o read_v well_o to_o observe_v a_o very_a exact_a orthography_n in_o write_v to_o understand_v all_o that_o i_o say_v and_o all_o that_o i_o read_v as_o far_o as_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o tongue_n may_v conduce_v thereunto_o for_o this_o it_o will_v suffice_v to_o know_v the_o division_n of_o the_o letter_n the_o part_n of_o speech_n and_o their_o subdivision_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o i_o can_v mention_v in_o particular_a at_o least_o unless_o i_o shall_v make_v a_o grammar_n now_o that_o these_o precept_n shall_v not_o be_v dry_a and_o jejune_n as_o they_o be_v in_o book_n i_o will_v render_v they_o sensible_a and_o pleasant_a by_o the_o way_n of_o teach_v they_o when_o a_o child_n shall_v have_v read_v in_o his_o own_o language_n for_o some_o time_n the_o thing_n which_o he_o understand_v and_o wherein_o if_o possible_a he_o shall_v take_v pleasure_n one_o will_v begin_v to_o make_v he_o observe_v that_o all_o that_o write_v consist_v only_o in_o two_o and_o twenty_o letter_n and_o that_o all_o the_o large_a discourse_n be_v compose_v only_o of_o nine_o sort_n of_o word_n that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o article_n that_o there_o be_v gender_n in_o noun_n tense_n and_o person_n in_o verb_n number_n both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o and_o thus_o of_o the_o rest_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o shall_v know_v how_o to_o write_v a_o little_a you_o may_v cause_v he_o to_o digest_v those_o history_n which_o have_v be_v recite_v unto_o he_o and_o here_o the_o mean_a and_o improper_a word_n the_o bad_a construction_n and_o the_o fault_n of_o orthography_n shall_v be_v correct_v he_o may_v be_v tell_v the_o rule_n of_o etymology_n and_o teach_v many_o of_o they_o occasional_o they_o serve_v very_o much_o for_o the_o understanding_n the_o meaning_n of_o word_n and_o orthography_n and_o be_v divert_v thus_o by_o a_o few_o precept_n and_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o exercise_n he_o may_v learn_v in_o two_o or_o three_o year_n as_o much_o grammar_n as_o a_o gentleman_n need_v to_o have_v for_o the_o use_v of_o life_n and_o more_o than_o ordinary_o they_o know_v who_o have_v be_v eight_o or_o ten_o year_n in_o the_o college_n the_o great_a part_n may_v stop_v here_o and_o learn_v no_o other_o language_n at_o all_o swordman_n practitioner_n accountant_n merchant_n and_o all_o below_o these_o as_o also_o the_o great_a part_n of_o woman_n may_v let_v latin_a alone_o experience_n show_v this_o but_o if_o they_o know_v as_o much_o grammar_n as_o i_o have_v say_v it_o will_v be_v very_o easy_a for_o they_o to_o use_v good_a french_a book_n and_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o perhaps_o at_o last_o they_o may_v be_v disabused_a and_o not_o imagine_v that_o that_o person_n must_v be_v a_o fool_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v latin_n it_o be_v true_a latin_a be_v necessary_a for_o clergyman_n and_o man_n of_o the_o robe_n and_o that_o it_o be_v very_o useful_a for_o soldier_n though_o it_o be_v only_o for_o their_o travel_n and_o among_o woman_n to_o the_o religious_a for_o understand_v the_o office_n which_o they_o read_v but_o i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o learn_v if_o it_o be_v not_o embarass_v with_o so_o many_o rule_n of_o grammar_n not_o that_o i_o believe_v it_o shall_v be_v teach_v by_o use_n alone_o though_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n of_o it_o even_o in_o our_o time_n but_o the_o method_n of_o do_v this_o be_v not_o sufficient_o establish_v to_o propose_v it_o to_o the_o world_n add_v to_o this_o that_o whatever_o habit_n of_o speak_v child_n may_v have_v i_o shall_v scarce_o believe_v that_o it_o will_v continue_v constant_a in_o a_o language_n which_o be_v not_o continual_o use_v without_o the_o help_n of_o rule_n it_o be_v true_a we_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o jew_n who_o teach_v their_o child_n hebrew_n without_o any_o rule_n and_o make_v they_o very_o know_v therein_o but_o this_o be_v with_o a_o very_a long_a time_n let_v we_o therefore_o rather_o make_v use_n of_o rule_n provide_v that_o they_o do_v assist_v and_o not_o overburthen_n child_n now_o if_o they_o know_v they_o in_o their_o own_o language_n the_o rest_n will_v be_v very_o easy_a it_o will_v be_v only_o make_v they_o observe_v what_o be_v different_a in_o the_o latin_a language_n the_o want_n of_o article_n the_o declension_n of_o noun_n the_o passive_a in_o verb_n the_o liberty_n of_o place_v the_o word_n different_o and_o the_o like_a this_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o will_v be_v exception_n from_o the_o general_n rule_v which_o they_o have_v learn_v to_o conclude_v they_o shall_v be_v continual_o exercise_v in_o read_v some_o author_n which_o they_o understand_v with_o pleasure_n if_o it_o may_v be_v and_o they_o shall_v be_v teach_v the_o rule_n much_o rather_o by_o use_n than_o the_o strength_n of_o memory_n though_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v forget_v also_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o get_v thing_n by_o heart_n that_o which_o will_v best_o imprint_v they_o upon_o their_o mind_n will_v be_v compose_v but_o yet_o it_o must_v not_o be_v begin_v so_o soon_o nor_o continue_v so_o long_o as_o read_v which_o ought_v to_o be_v their_o chief_a exercise_n and_o continue_v during_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o their_o study_n for_o there_o be_v this_o advantage_n in_o grammar_n and_o the_o study_n of_o language_n that_o be_v as_o instrument_n he_o who_o have_v once_o learned_a they_o will_v confirm_v himself_o therein_o proportionable_o as_o he_o shall_v use_v they_o because_o the_o book_n wherein_o he_o learn_v thing_n be_v compound_v of_o
the_o word_n of_o a_o certain_a language_n put_v together_o and_o place_v according_a to_o grammar_n arithmetic_n come_v afterward_o and_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v begin_v late_a arithmetic_n that_o be_v when_o reason_n be_v already_o form_v as_o at_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n at_o first_o the_o scholar_n shall_v be_v teach_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o four_o great_a rule_n he_o must_v be_v exercise_v in_o cast_v account_n either_o with_o counter_n or_o with_o the_o pen_n to_o make_v use_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o cipher_n to_o reduce_v the_o most_o usual_a weight_n and_o measure_n afterward_o he_o may_v go_v on_o to_o the_o rule_n which_o be_v more_o difficult_a and_o be_v show_v the_o reason_n of_o all_o and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o proportion_n may_v be_v teach_v he_o as_o his_o leisure_n and_o genius_n shall_v serve_v it_o will_v be_v think_v strange_a doubtless_o that_o i_o reckon_v economic_n among_o study_n economic_n and_o among_o the_o most_o necessary_a too_o but_o hear_v what_o i_o will_v say_v for_o myself_o the_o design_n of_o young_a person_n study_n shall_v be_v to_o acquire_v in_o the_o first_o age_n that_o knowledge_n which_o must_v be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o life_n or_o at_o least_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o knowledge_n as_o i_o think_v i_o have_v already_o show_v therefore_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o most_o common_a and_o ordinary_a affair_n that_o which_o respect_v the_o maintenance_n of_o life_n and_o the_o foundation_n of_o civil_a society_n this_o knowledge_n sure_o aught_o to_o have_v the_o first_o place_n next_o after_o that_o which_o refer_v to_o man_n in_o himself_o and_o direct_o conduce_v to_o the_o perfect_a the_o soul_n or_o the_o body_n so_o that_o it_o be_v principal_o the_o scholar_n ignorance_n of_o these_o kind_n of_o thing_n which_o make_v several_a despise_v both_o they_o and_o their_o study_n what_o be_v the_o thought_n of_o the_o elder_a son_n of_o a_o family_n who_o come_v from_o the_o college_n to_o divert_v himself_o to_o boast_v of_o his_o knowledge_n and_o if_o he_o be_v please_v with_o study_n to_o follow_v his_o curiosity_n he_o never_o concern_v himself_o how_o he_o subsist_v whence_o come_v that_o which_o nourish_v and_o clothes_v he_o and_o the_o like_a he_o only_o consider_v how_o other_o young_a person_n of_o the_o same_o quality_n live_v and_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v less_o account_v of_o nor_o want_v money_n to_o game_n or_o satisfy_v his_o passion_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o fill_v his_o head_n with_o comedy_n romance_n music_n or_o if_o he_o want_v wit_n he_o confine_v himself_o to_o more_o gross_a pleasure_n some_o great_a change_n in_o his_o fortune_n must_v happen_v the_o death_n of_o a_o father_n some_o great_a estate_n fall_v which_o he_o must_v take_v possession_n of_o some_o great_a lawsuit_n a_o marriage_n or_o a_o office_n to_o make_v he_o open_v his_o eye_n and_o see_v that_o there_o be_v any_o such_o thing_n as_o business_n in_o the_o world_n and_o that_o he_o have_v something_o to_o take_v care_n of_o as_o well_o as_o other_o men._n i_o know_v that_o in_o all_o this_o there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n that_o be_v natural_a to_o youth_n which_o be_v hurry_v on_o to_o pleasure_n by_o violent_a passion_n and_o have_v not_o experience_n enough_o to_o have_v any_o esteem_n for_o thing_n that_o be_v useful_a but_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n also_o why_o youth_n ought_v to_o be_v assist_v and_o restrain_v in_o stead_n of_o which_o it_o seem_v as_o if_o man_n have_v a_o design_n to_o encourage_v their_o fault_n young_a person_n it_o be_v true_a will_v never_o love_v labour_n and_o business_n yet_o it_o ought_v at_o least_o to_o be_v endeavour_v by_o prepare_v they_o early_o for_o they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o appear_v so_o harsh_a and_o burdensome_a when_o they_o shall_v come_v to_o the_o age_n when_o they_o must_v apply_v themselves_o unto_o they_o for_o good_a and_o all_o upon_o this_o account_n among_o study_n necessary_a to_o all_o who_o have_v any_o thing_n to_o manage_n and_o preserve_v i_o reckon_v economic_n and_o skill_n in_o the_o law_n and_o observe_v wherein_o i_o make_v economic_n to_o consist_v see_v the_o first_o object_n which_o make_v impression_n upon_o child_n be_v those_o within_o the_o house_n as_o its_o divers_a part_n the_o servant_n and_o their_o different_a office_n the_o movable_n and_o work_v instrument_n there_o be_v nothing_o to_o be_v do_v but_o to_o follow_v the_o humour_n of_o their_o natural_a curiosity_n to_o teach_v they_o with_o pleasure_n the_o use_n of_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o make_v they_o understand_v as_o far_o as_o they_o be_v capable_a the_o solid_a reason_n which_o put_v man_n upon_o invent_v they_o by_o let_v they_o see_v the_o inconvenience_n which_o they_o remove_v thus_o also_o they_o will_v be_v accustom_v to_o admire_v the_o goodness_n of_o god_n in_o all_o thing_n which_o he_o furnish_v we_o with_o for_o our_o want_n the_o industry_n which_o he_o have_v give_v unto_o man_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o the_o happiness_n of_o be_v bear_v in_o a_o country_n that_o be_v cultivate_v and_o in_o a_o well-instructed_n and_o polite_a nation_n to_o take_v noble_a idea_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o a_o ill_a education_n and_o the_o vanity_n of_o our_o manner_n make_v we_o despise_v and_o not_o so_o much_o to_o disdain_v a_o kitchen_n the_o back-yard_n the_o marketplace_n as_o the_o most_o part_n of_o person_n gentile_o breed_v do_v to_o conclude_v thus_o they_o will_v be_v accustom_v to_o make_v reflection_n upon_o all_o that_o present_v its_o self_n to_o they_o which_o be_v the_o principle_n of_o all_o study_n for_o man_n mighty_o deceive_v themselves_o when_o they_o imagine_v that_o they_o must_v seek_v a_o great_a way_n off_o for_o that_o wherewith_o child_n be_v to_o be_v instruct_v they_o be_v not_o to_o live_v either_o in_o the_o air_n or_o among_o the_o star_n much_o less_o in_o the_o imaginary_a space_n in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o entia_fw-la rationis_fw-la or_o second_o intention_n but_o they_o must_v live_v on_o the_o earth_n in_o this_o low_a world_n such_o as_o it_o now_o be_v and_o in_o this_o corrupt_a age_n of_o it_o they_o ought_v therefore_o to_o know_v the_o earth_n which_o they_o inhabit_v the_o bread_n which_o they_o eat_v the_o animal_n which_o be_v useful_a to_o they_o and_o above_o all_o the_o man_n with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o live_v and_o to_o act._n and_o let_v they_o not_o in_o the_o least_o imagine_v that_o to_o consider_v all_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v about_o they_o be_v to_o debase_v themselves_o in_o a_o great_a family_n there_o will_v be_v more_o occasion_n for_o these_o instruction_n than_o in_o a_o less_o and_o there_o will_v be_v yet_o more_o if_o child_n be_v sometime_o in_o the_o city_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o country_n thus_o the_o child_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o may_v have_v all_o these_o advantage_n aught_o to_o know_v more_o thing_n than_o other_o as_o they_o grow_v in_o age_n more_o may_v be_v tell_v they_o concern_v these_o thing_n and_o in_o some_o sort_n they_o may_v be_v indifferent_o well_o instruct_v in_o those_o art_n which_o respect_v the_o convenience_n of_o life_n by_o let_v they_o see_v man_n work_v at_o they_o and_o by_o explain_v to_o they_o every_o thing_n careful_o they_o shall_v then_o be_v show_v either_o in_o the_o house_n or_o elsewhere_o how_o bread_n and_o cloth_n and_o stuff_n be_v make_v they_o shall_v see_v tailor_n tapistry-maker_n joiner_n carpenter_n mason_n and_o all_o who_o be_v concern_v in_o the_o building-trade_n work_v in_o their_o particular_a calling_n they_o shall_v also_o be_v some-way_n so_o far_o instruct_v in_o these_o art_n as_o to_o understand_v the_o language_n of_o the_o workman_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v easy_o impose_v upon_o now_o this_o study_n will_v all_o this_o while_n be_v a_o great_a divertisement_n for_o they_o and_o see_v child_n desire_v to_o imitate_v every_o thing_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o play_v over_o all_o these_o arts._n and_o herein_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v rough_o oppose_v or_o laugh_v at_o but_o gentle_o assist_v by_o show_v they_o what_o will_v be_v chimerical_a in_o their_o design_n and_o what_o feasible_a this_o may_v be_v a_o occasion_n of_o teach_v they_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o mechanic_n and_o they_o will_v have_v the_o pleasure_n of_o succeed_v in_o some_o thing_n which_o in_o this_o age_n be_v very_o great_a it_o will_v also_o be_v well_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o the_o common_a price_n of_o the_o work_n which_o they_o may_v have_v occasion_n for_o and_o the_o thing_n which_o they_o may_v buy_v themselves_o and_o even_o those_o which_o they_o may_v order_v other_o to_o buy_v for_o though_o these_o price_n
to_o be_v very_o well_o skilled_a in_o logic_n and_o metaphysic_n such_o as_o i_o have_v represent_v they_o that_o he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v by_o solid_a reason_n that_o every_o man_n of_o good_a sense_n aught_o to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o catholic_n church_n he_o shall_v also_o be_v capable_a to_o defend_v religion_n against_o the_o heretic_n and_o for_o this_o end_n to_o know_v the_o positive_a proof_n of_o our_o belief_n draw_v from_o the_o scripture_n the_o council_n or_o the_o father_n he_o shall_v know_v ecclesiastical_a history_n the_o canon-law_n not_o only_o the_o practical_a beneficial_a and_o that_o which_o be_v curious_a in_o the_o ancient_a canon_n but_o also_o the_o true_a rule_n of_o ecclesiastical_a discipline_n upon_o which_o all_o that_o be_v practical_a be_v found_v and_o how_o that_o which_o be_v not_o practise_v have_v be_v abolish_v he_o shall_v know_v christian_a morality_n in_o all_o its_o extent_n not_o content_v himself_o only_o with_o the_o decision_n of_o modern_a casuist_n concern_v what_o be_v sin_n and_o what_o be_v not_o but_o he_o shall_v proceed_v further_o and_o see_v how_o the_o father_n have_v judge_v thereof_o and_o also_o be_v acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o teach_v virtue_n and_o guide_a soul_n to_o perfection_n this_o be_v what_o we_o will_v find_v in_o cassian_n and_o the_o monastic_a rule_n a_o great_a esteem_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v of_o these_o work_n which_o be_v the_o product_n of_o so_o many_o holy_a experience_n last_o he_o shall_v know_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o public_a office_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n the_o practice_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a function_n but_o this_o study_n consist_v not_o so_o much_o in_o read_v of_o book_n as_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o live_v tradition_n when_o once_o he_o have_v the_o great_a principle_n of_o scripture_n and_o the_o father_n he_o will_v be_v much_o instruct_v by_o see_v the_o labour_n of_o other_o and_o by_o labour_v himself_o together_o with_o they_o see_v that_o a_o clergyman_n be_v design_v to_o instruct_v other_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o he_o to_o know_v all_o that_o i_o have_v mention_v he_o must_v also_o know_v how_o to_o speak_v and_o persuade_v he_o therefore_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o that_o sort_n of_o logic_n and_o that_o solid_a eloquence_n i_o have_v speak_v of_o for_o let_v we_o not_o deceive_v ourselves_o a_o man_n without_o gift_n be_v not_o proper_a for_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o church_n a_o good_a priest_n be_v not_o only_o a_o man_n who_o pray_v unto_o god_n and_o lead_v a_o innocent_a life_n such_o a_o one_o at_o most_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o good_a monk_n he_o be_v a_o priest_n to_o assist_v other_o and_o as_o he_o be_v not_o account_v a_o good_a physician_n who_o do_v not_o heal_v a_o great_a many_o disease_n neither_o be_v he_o to_o be_v call_v a_o good_a priest_n who_o do_v not_o convert_v a_o great_a many_o sinner_n i_o do_v not_o say_v that_o none_o ought_v to_o be_v make_v priest_n but_o such_o as_o have_v a_o florid_n imagination_n a_o happy_a memory_n a_o pleasant_a voice_n and_o such_o like_a quality_n which_o usual_o make_v preacher_n famous_a but_o i_o shall_v desire_v that_o there_o be_v not_o any_o who_o have_v not_o a_o solid_a judgement_n and_o a_o right_a way_n of_o reason_v who_o shall_v not_o know_v how_o to_o instruct_v both_o in_o public_a and_o in_o private_a with_o all_o the_o sweetness_n and_o authority_n which_o the_o difference_n of_o subject_n and_o person_n do_v require_v in_o a_o word_n who_o shall_v not_o have_v some_o ray_n of_o that_o apostolic_a eloquence_n the_o perfect_a model_n of_o which_o we_o have_v in_o st._n paul_n a_o clergyman_n unto_o who_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o knowledge_n be_v necessary_a shall_v not_o lose_v his_o time_n in_o profane_a study_n or_o useless_a curiosity_n he_o shall_v also_o use_v great_a choice_n in_o the_o study_n appertain_v to_o his_o profession_n let_v he_o not_o bestow_v too_o much_o time_n upon_o those_o large_a commentary_n on_o scripture_n the_o sight_n of_o which_o alone_o be_v enough_o to_o terrify_v by_o the_o bigness_n and_o multitude_n of_o the_o volume_n and_o to_o make_v one_o despair_n of_o ever_o understand_v the_o text_n let_v he_o not_o amuse_v himself_o with_o useless_a speculation_n and_o the_o vain_a wrangling_n of_o the_o schoolman_n let_v he_o not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v transport_v too_o far_o with_o the_o humour_n of_o criticise_v upon_o matter_n of_o fact_n and_o inquire_v too_o curious_o into_o ecclesiastical_a antiquity_n for_o there_o be_v all_o these_o rock_n to_o be_v avoid_v even_o in_o the_o study_n which_o belong_v unto_o he_o he_o ought_v always_o to_o remember_v that_o the_o christian_a religion_n be_v not_o a_o humane_a art_n or_o science_n wherein_o every_o one_o be_v permit_v to_o seek_v and_o invent_v that_o his_o business_n be_v only_o to_o collect_v and_o faithful_o preserve_v the_o tradition_n of_o the_o church_n he_o shall_v meditate_v attentive_o upon_o those_o rule_n which_o st._n paul_n give_v to_o timothy_n and_o titus_n 20._o against_o curious_a question_n etc._n that_o he_o may_v avoid_v vain_a dispute_n and_o refer_v all_o to_o charity_n 10._o thus_o he_o will_v fix_v his_o mind_n on_o those_o study_n which_o be_v necessary_a and_o which_o relate_v the_o most_o to_o practice_n for_o a_o clergyman_n shall_v not_o be_v a_o profess_o learned_a man_n who_o spend_v all_o his_o life_n in_o his_o closet_n in_o study_v and_o compose_v book_n he_o be_v to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o action_n and_o above_o all_o of_o prayer_n 4._o these_o be_v the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o apostolic_a life_n prayer_n and_o ministry_n of_o the_o word_n he_o shall_v therefore_o every_o day_n spend_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o converse_v with_o god_n for_o the_o cleanse_n himself_o from_o those_o spot_n which_o he_o have_v contract_v by_o action_n and_o intercourse_n with_o man_n for_o represent_v unto_o he_o his_o own_o need_v and_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a church_n we_o ought_v to_o give_v unto_o our_o neighbour_n all_o that_o assistance_n which_o we_o owe_v unto_o he_o according_a to_o the_o place_n we_o have_v in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o particular_a occasion_n which_o charity_n shall_v present_v study_n be_v to_o be_v the_o business_n of_o our_o youth_n and_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o our_o life_n only_o our_o rest_n and_o diversion_n useful_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o interval_n of_o action_n when_o you_o shall_v find_v yourself_o tire_v by_o visit_v the_o sick_a or_o the_o poor_a by_o the_o administration_n of_o sacrament_n or_o instruction_n when_o you_o shall_v perceive_v you_o voice_n weaken_v your_o breast_n heat_v you_o will_v find_v a_o great_a pleasure_n in_o read_v some_o good_a passage_n of_o the_o father_n or_o ecclesiastical_a history_n in_o meditate_v calm_o upon_o some_o place_n of_o scripture_n or_o in_o hear_v the_o conversation_n of_o a_o learned_a and_o pious_a friend_n these_o be_v the_o divertisement_n proper_a for_o clergyman_n we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o swordman_n these_o be_v the_o man_n who_o ordinary_o study_v the_o least_o swordman_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v two_o reason_n of_o study_v which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o a_o man_n who_o be_v natural_o brave_a fierce_a and_o incline_v to_o courageous_a action_n who_o birth_n or_o employ_v heighten_v his_o courage_n 11._o who_o have_v his_o arm_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o man_n under_o he_o ready_a to_o obey_v without_o ask_v a_o reason_n this_o man_n be_v in_o a_o capacity_n of_o exercise_v all_o sort_n of_o violence_n and_o if_o he_o be_v wicked_a or_o only_o passionate_a and_o humoursome_a he_o be_v insufferable_a to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n he_o be_v a_o lion_n let_v loose_a he_o be_v a_o arm_a madman_n it_o be_v therefore_o of_o great_a moment_n that_o they_o who_o inclination_n and_o profession_n do_v put_v they_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o condition_n shall_v have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o reason_n and_o power_n over_o themselves_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v use_v their_o courage_n and_o strength_n only_o for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o against_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o state_n it_o will_v be_v better_o that_o the_o house_n shall_v not_o be_v guard_v at_o all_o than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v keep_v by_o dog_n who_o without_o distinction_n shall_v fall_v upon_o those_o who_o belong_v to_o the_o house_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o thief_n the_o other_o reason_n be_v the_o great_a idleness_n which_o usual_o attend_v a_o soldier_n life_n he_o know_v not_o what_o to_o do_v when_o in_o garrison_n in_o winter_n quarter_n in_o a_o place_n where_o he_o must_v stay_v any_o time_n when_o his_o wound_n be_v under_o cure_n and_o oblige_v he_o to_o think_v of_o they_o
for_o a_o while_n happy_a then_o be_v he_o if_o he_o have_v a_o book_n and_o can_v take_v pleasure_n in_o read_v further_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o many_o more_o soldier_n will_v love_v study_n if_o they_o know_v or_o do_v consider_v that_o alexander_n and_o caesar_n be_v very_o learned_a and_o that_o ignorance_n join_v to_o valour_n never_o produce_v any_o other_o than_o brutal_a conqueror_n and_o destroyer_n of_o mankind_n as_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n now_o the_o study_n which_o seem_v to_o i_o most_o proper_a for_o swordman_n be_v these_o among_o the_o tongue_n the_o latin_a yet_o rather_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o travel_n than_o for_o read_v and_o upon_o this_o account_n they_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o speak_v it_o if_o not_o elegant_o yet_o at_o least_o fluent_o with_o this_o tongue_n a_o man_n may_v travel_v all_o over_o the_o north_n it_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o several_a other_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v very_o fit_a they_o shall_v know_v the_o german_a tongue_n and_o the_o soon_o they_o learn_v it_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a when_o they_o shall_v be_v once_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o latin_a they_o will_v easy_o learn_v italian_n and_o spanish_a thus_o in_o what_o country_n soever_o they_o may_v have_v be_v bear_v they_o will_v understand_v the_o neighbouring-language_n which_o be_v the_o most_o necessary_a they_o shall_v know_v a_o great_a many_o history_n the_o ancient_n to_o see_v therein_o the_o example_n of_o great_a captain_n greek_a and_o roman_a to_o know_v as_o particular_o as_o may_v be_v that_o military_a discipline_n and_o that_o art_n of_o war_n which_o make_v they_o so_o strong_a above_o other_o men._n the_o modern_a history_n will_v give_v they_o a_o knowledge_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o affair_n and_o their_o original_a the_o right_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o they_o serve_v and_o the_o interest_n of_o other_o sovereign_n geography_n also_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o they_o and_o as_o for_o the_o country_n especial_o where_o they_o make_v war_n they_o can_v know_v they_o too_o particular_o nor_o have_v a_o too_o exact_a topography_n of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o mathematics_n they_o chief_o need_v arithmetic_n geometry_n and_o mechanic_n for_o know_v these_o well_o they_o will_v easy_o apprehend_v the_o practice_n of_o fortification_n and_o all_o that_o either_o book_n or_o master_n use_v to_o teach_v concern_v the_o art_n of_o war._n but_o there_o be_v one_o study_v which_o swordman_n seldom_o undertake_v and_o which_o yet_o to_o i_o seem_v very_o necessary_a at_o least_o to_o those_o who_o be_v in_o command_n and_o that_o be_v the_o policy_n and_o law_n of_o war._n i_o mean_v that_o they_o shall_v know_v the_o jus_fw-la belli_fw-la or_o right_o of_o war_n in_o all_o its_o extent_n as_o what_o be_v the_o lawful_a cause_n thereof_o what_o formality_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o how_o far_o act_v of_o hostility_n shall_v proceed_v what_o place_n and_o person_n be_v exempt_a therefrom_o in_o a_o word_n all_o that_o which_o respect_v this_o part_n of_o public_a right_n the_o execution_n of_o which_o be_v commit_v to_o they_o they_o shall_v be_v well-informed_a of_o the_o edict_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o the_o particular_a regulation_n for_o the_o subsistence_n and_o discipline_n of_o the_o troop_n and_o above_o all_o they_o shall_v know_v the_o rule_n of_o those_o severe_a judgement_n which_o must_v be_v execute_v against_o desertion_n and_o other_o military_a crime_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n which_o be_v the_o most_o essential_a part_n of_o it_o can_v be_v learned_a by_o book_n or_o lecture_n for_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o exercise_n of_o body_n upon_o conversation_n with_o person_n experience_v in_o the_o trade_n and_o upon_o the_o actual_a service_n of_o he_o who_o will_v be_v instruct_v therein_o but_o if_o he_o be_v well_o educate_v if_o he_o be_v early_o accustom_v to_o seek_v after_o what_o be_v real_a and_o solid_a in_o all_o thing_n to_o make_v reflection_n upon_o every_o thing_n he_o see_v and_o put_v useful_a question_n to_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n he_o will_v know_v more_o of_o it_o in_o two_o campaign_n than_o other_o in_o ten._n war_n be_v a_o more_o serious_a mystery_n than_o young_a man_n who_o engage_v in_o it_o do_v represent_v it_o to_o themselves_o who_o very_o often_o seek_v nothing_o else_o thereby_o but_o libertinism_n and_o pleasure_n to_o conclude_v the_o better_o bear_v he_o be_v who_o be_v instruct_v therein_o the_o more_o extensive_a aught_o his_o knowledge_n to_o be_v he_o who_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o simple_a officer_n or_o to_o command_v only_o particular_a party_n shall_v be_v much_o better_o acquaint_v with_o little_a particularity_n and_o much_o less_o with_o general_a thing_n than_o he_o who_o probable_o will_v one_o day_n govern_v province_n or_o command_v army_n and_o this_o rule_n be_v common_a to_o all_o profession_n the_o high_a a_o man_n be_v bring_v up_o the_o more_o object_n his_o sight_n take_v in_o at_o a_o time_n to_o see_v their_o order_n in_o general_a but_o he_o be_v less_o concern_v to_o know_v every_o object_n exact_o than_o another_o man_n who_o be_v near_o it_o and_o see_v but_o one_o such_o at_o a_o time_n the_o man_n of_o the_o gown_n have_v true_o more_o need_n of_o learning_n robe_n than_o the_o swordman_n but_o yet_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o burden_n themselves_o with_o it_o over_o much_o they_o be_v design_v for_o business_n and_o be_v to_o study_v only_o to_o make_v themselves_o capable_a thereof_o they_o be_v therefore_o to_o avoid_v that_o studious_a spirit_n opposite_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o business_n which_o only_o hunt_v after_o the_o pleasure_n of_o know_v or_o the_o glory_n of_o be_v repute_v learned_a they_o be_v to_o inquire_v after_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o the_o scholastical_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law-doctor_n and_o the_o gross_a ignorance_n of_o the_o mere_a practitioner_n for_o these_o be_v as_o i_o may_v say_v two_o nation_n altogether_o different_a the_o doctor_n ordinary_o be_v concern_v to_o know_v how_o to_o supply_v antinomy_n and_o solution_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o a_o officer_n or_o for_o any_o other_o dispute_n to_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o the_o code_n and_o the_o digest_v which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a for_o their_o difficulty_n or_o else_o to_o give_v a_o new_a explication_n of_o they_o to_o restore_v some_o passage_n to_o explain_v a_o difficult_a word_n to_o discover_v in_o some_o author_n of_o humanity_n some_o piece_n of_o antiquity_n or_o law_n to_o reduce_v the_o law_n into_o order_n by_o new_a division_n to_o find_v out_o some_o singular_a method_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n they_o do_v not_o apply_v themselves_o enough_o to_o the_o custom_n of_o france_n cujas_n it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o cujacias_n himself_o be_v very_o ignorant_a in_o business_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o practitioner_n know_v nothing_o but_o the_o retail_n of_o that_o which_o they_o practice_v without_o ascend_v high_o than_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n they_o may_v have_v spend_v in_o business_n and_o without_o look_v further_o than_o the_o jurisdiction_n under_o which_o they_o practice_v without_o know_v the_o original_a or_o reason_n of_o any_o thing_n they_o only_o say_v this_o be_v do_v and_o this_o be_v not_o do_v not_o know_v again_o that_o which_o have_v change_v its_o name_n they_o understand_v neither_o how_o to_o put_v thing_n together_o to_o divide_v nor_o place_v they_o in_o order_n in_o a_o word_n they_o work_v like_o artisan_n who_o for_o their_o art_n have_v nothing_o to_o allege_v but_o the_o example_n of_o their_o master_n to_o this_o ignorance_n of_o practitioner_n we_o owe_v the_o style_n of_o the_o law-proceeding_n in_o matter_n of_o bargain_n and_o sale_n of_o royal_a letter_n of_o the_o edict_n themselves_o and_o custom_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n digest_v with_o so_o little_a method_n and_o perspicuity_n but_o the_o great_a evil_n which_o come_v from_o thence_o be_v the_o wrangle_a and_o confusion_n in_o business_n the_o study_n therefore_o of_o lawyer_n have_v for_o its_o end_n the_o furnish_v they_o with_o the_o great_a principle_n of_o the_o most_o ordinary_a matter_n of_o business_n and_o enlighten_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o may_v treat_v of_o these_o matter_n natural_o so_o entangle_v and_o obscure_a with_o order_n and_o distinctness_n so_o that_o the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o robe_n have_v great_a need_n of_o logic_n that_o they_o may_v know_v how_o to_o divide_v and_o define_v well_o not_o according_a to_o mathematical_a exactness_n but_o so_o far_o as_o may_v be_v useful_a to_o the_o better_a carry_v on_o of_o business_n they_o have_v need_n of_o arithmetic_n economic_n and_o a_o great_a knowledge_n of_o all_o the_o particular_n of_o life_n of_o the_o management_n of_o