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B09727 An essay concerning the multiplication of mankind: together with another essay in political arithmetick, concerning the growth of the city of London: with the measures, periods, causes, and consequences thereof. 1682. / By Sir William Petty ... Petty, William, Sir, 1623-1687. 1698 (1698) Wing P1923A; ESTC R181748 13,845 46

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People of the whole Nation and the late 10 Years Civil Wars the like whereof hath not been in several Ages before did not take away above a fortieth part of the whole People According to which Account or Measure of doubling if there be now in England and Wales 7 Millions 400 Thousand People there were about 5 Millions 526 Thousand in the beginning of Queen Elizabeths Reign Anno 1560 and about two Millions at the Norman Conquest of which Consult the Dooms-day Book and My Lord Hale's Origination of Mankind Memorandum 320 Millions now in the World That if the People double in 360 Years that the present 320 Millions computed by some Learned Men from the Measures of all the Nations of the World their degrees of being Peopled and good Accounts of the People in several of them to be now upon the face of the Earth will within the next 2000 Years so increase as to give one Head for every two Acres of Land in the Habitable part of the Earth And then according to the Prediction of the Scriptures there must be Wars and great Slaughter c. Wherefore as an Expedient against the above-mentioned difference between 10 and 1200 Years we do for the present and in this Country admit of 360 Years to be the time wherein the People of England do double according to the present Laws and Practice of Marriages Now if the City double its People in 40 Years and the present Number be 670 Thousand and if the whole Territory be 7 Millions 400 Thousand and double in 360 Years as aforesaid then by the underwritten Table it appears that Anno 1840 the People of the City will be 10718880 and those of the whole Country but 10917389 which is but inconsiderably more Wherefore it is certain and necessary that the Growth of the City must stop before the said Year 1840 and will be at its utmost height in the next preceding Period Anno 1800 when the Number of the City will be Eight times its present Number viz. 5 Millions 359 Thousand And when besides the said Number there will be 4 Millions 466 Thousand to perform the Tillage Pasturage and other Rural Works necessary to be done without the said City as by the following Table viz.   Annis Burials People in London People in England As in the former Tab. 1565 2568 77040 5526929 1605 5135     1642 11883     1682 22331 669930 7369230 1722 44662     1762 89324     1802 178648 5359440 9825650 1842 357296 10718889 10917389 Now That London will be at its highest growth and eight times as great as now Anno 1800. when the People of London shall come to be so near the People of all England Then it follows that the Growth of London must stop before the said Year 1842 as aforesaid and must be at its greatest height Anno 1800 when it will be eight times more than now with above 4 Millions for the Service of the Country and Ports as aforesaid Of the afore-mentioned vast difference between 10 Years and 1200 Years for doubling the People we make this use viz. A digression of the use of the vast difference between 10 and 1200 Years of doubling To justifie the Scriptures and all other good Histories concerning the Number of the People in Ancient Time For supposing the Eight Persons who came out of the Ark Increased by a Progressive doubling in every 10 Years might grow in the first 100 Years after the Flood from 8 to 8000 and that in 350 Years after the Flood whenabout Noah died to one Million and by this time 1682 to 320 Millions which by rational conjecture are thought to be now in the World it will not be hard to compute how in the intermediate Years the Growths may be made according to what is set down in the following Table wherein making the doubling to be 10 Years at first and within 1200 Years at last we take a discretionary liberty but justifiable by Observations and the Scriptures for the rest which Table we leave to be Corrected by Historians who know the bigness of Ancient Cities Armies and Colonies in the respective Ages of the World in the mean time affirming that without such difference in the Measures and Periods for doubling the extreams whereof we have demonstrated to be real and true it is impossible to solve what is written in the Holy Scriptures and other Authentick Books For if we pitch upon any one Number throughout for this purpose 150 Years is the fittest of all round Numbers according to which there would have been but 512 Souls in the whole World in Moses's time being 800 Years after the Flood when 603 Thousand Israelites of above 20 Years Old besides those of other Ages Tribes and Nations were found upon an exact Survey appointed by God whereas our Table makes 12 Millions And there would have been but 8000 in David's Time when were found 1100 Thousand of above 20 Years Old besides others as aforesaid in Israel upon the Survey instigated by Satan whereas our Table makes 32 Millions And there would have been but a quarter of a Million about the Birth of Christ or Augustus his Time when Rome and the Roman Empire were so great whereas our Table makes 100 Millions Where Note That the Israelites in about 500 Years between their coming out of Egypt to David's Reign increased from 603 Thousand to 1100 Thousand On the other hand if we pitch upon a less Number as 100 Years the World would have been over-peopled 700 Years since Wherefore no one Number will solve the Phaenomena and therefore we have supposed several in order to make the following Table which we again desire Historians to Correct according to what they find in Antiquity concerning the Number of the People in each Age and Country of the World We did not long since assist a worthy Divine writing against some Scepticks who would have baffled our belief of the Resurrection by saying that the whole Globe of the Earth could not furnish Matter enough for all the Bodies that must Rise at the last Day much less would the surface of the Earth furnish footing for so vast a Number whereas we did by the Method aforementioned assert the Number of Men now living and also of those that had died since the beginning of the World and did withal shew that half the Island of Ireland would afford them all not only Footing to stand upon but Graves to lie down in for that whole Number and that two Mountains in that Country were as weighty as all the B dies that had ever been from the beginning of the World to the Year 1680 when this Dispute happened For which purpose I have digressed from my intended purpose to insert this Matter intending to prosecute this hint further upon some more proper Occasion A Table shewing how the People might have doubled in the several Ages of the World Periods of doubling Anno after the Flood Persons