there_o say_v by_o the_o sensible_a quality_n have_v any_o idea_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o body_n more_o than_o if_o we_o know_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o the_o essence_n or_o entity_n of_o particular_a substance_n as_o clear_a reason_n demonstrate_v be_v incomparable_o hard_a to_o be_v know_v than_o substance_n in_o the_o abstract_n whence_o we_o must_v consequent_o know_v less_o than_o nothing_o of_o they_o if_o we_o know_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o the_o other_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v what_o this_o thing_n or_o this_o man_n be_v if_o we_o be_v ignorant_a what_o thing_n or_o man_n be_v nor_o have_v we_o any_o innate_a idea_n as_o he_o confess_v to_o make_v substance_n know_v if_o than_o neither_o innate_a nor_o acquire_v idea_n can_v make_v we_o know_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o of_o it_o and_o we_o can_v know_v nothing_o but_o by_o idea_n it_o be_v plain_a we_o can_v know_v thing_n or_o substance_n at_o all_o and_o so_o we_o must_v rest_v content_v with_o know_v nothing_o for_o substance_n be_v unknown_a it_o be_v impossible_a to_o know_v any_o mode_n or_o accident_n they_o be_v essential_o certain_a manner_n how_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o so_o including_z substance_n and_o thing_n in_o their_o definition_n again_o mr._n l._n hold_v we_o can_v frame_v no_o idea_n of_o substance_n or_o at_o most_o but_o a_o most_o blind_o obscure_a one_o and_o i_o hold_v that_o the_o notion_n of_o it_o be_v most_o clear_a nay_o the_o clear_a of_o any_o but_o that_o of_o existence_n express_v by_o the_o word_n be_v he_o think_v that_o the_o nature_n of_o accident_n be_v know_v by_o themselves_o though_o the_o substance_n lie_v in_o the_o dark_a from_o we_o and_o i_o judge_v it_o demonstrable_a that_o as_o they_o have_v no_o entity_n of_o their_o own_o but_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o thing_n ens_fw-la or_o substance_n so_o they_o can_v have_v no_o intelligibility_n which_o be_v a_o property_n of_o ens_fw-la of_o their_o own_o but_o mere_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o substance_n or_o thing_n with_o which_o they_o be_v identify_v in_o a_o word_n he_o think_v substance_n be_v most_o unknown_a and_o i_o say_v it_o be_v self-evident_o know_v he_o say_v it_o can_v be_v know_v clear_o and_o i_o say_v it_o not_o only_o can_v but_o must_v be_v know_v clear_o nay_o that_o nothing_o else_o can_v be_v know_v but_o it_o or_o by_o be_v it._n by_o this_o discourse_n it_o appear_v that_o this_o point_n be_v of_o its_o own_o nature_n of_o universal_a concern_v and_o therefore_o draw_v great_a and_o most_o important_a consequence_n after_o it_o which_o act_v here_o as_o a_o philosopher_n i_o do_v not_o mention_v either_o he_o or_o i_o must_v be_v in_o a_o most_o dangerous_a error_n wherefore_o be_v perfect_o assure_v that_o the_o method_n i_o take_v will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o err_v enormous_o and_o very_o certain_a that_o i_o follow_v very_o faithful_o that_o method_n i_o humble_o beg_v of_o mr._n locke_n by_o that_o candour_n and_o ingenuity_n of_o which_o i_o doubt_v not_o sincere_o too_o he_o have_v make_v so_o frequent_a profession_n that_o he_o will_v please_v to_o apply_v his_o thought_n anew_o for_o if_o second_o thought_n be_v better_a the_o last_o may_v be_v best_o of_o all_o to_o review_v his_o way_n of_o idea_n and_o compare_v it_o with_o what_o i_o have_v propose_v and_o prove_v in_o my_o method_n to_o science_n my_o preliminary_n and_o my_o several_a reflection_n on_o his_o essay_n he_o will_v unbyass_o consider_v whether_o since_o he_o can_v suspect_v his_o own_o excellent_a part_n this_o new_a way_n of_o philosophize_v be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n of_o all_o his_o mistake_v and_o mislead_v he_o into_o all_o these_o great_a error_n to_o entertain_v which_o this_o fantastic_a method_n have_v inveigle_v his_o good_a reason_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o preface_n but_o to_o beg_v pardon_n for_o oftentimes_o repeat_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o and_o over_o in_o the_o ensue_a book_n mr._n lock_v civil_o apologise_v for_o do_v the_o same_o and_o my_o chief_a excuse_n be_v that_o be_v to_o trace_v and_o follow_v his_o discourse_n i_o can_v not_o well_o avoid_v it_o hope_v withal_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o clear_v the_o point_n better_o either_o by_o some_o new_a thought_n which_o then_o occur_v or_o by_o give_v a_o better_a turn_v to_o my_o former_a argument_n beside_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o i_o do_v now_o and_o then_o affect_v these_o repetition_n to_o make_v some_o particular_n which_o be_v of_o most_o weight_n sink_v better_a into_o the_o judgement_n of_o my_o reader_n by_o re-minding_a they_o often_o of_o such_o important_a truth_n i_o be_o force_v to_o use_v the_o word_n idea_n often_o because_o mr._n locke_n with_o who_o i_o be_o discourse_v do_v so_o always_o though_o general_o i_o join_v notion_n to_o it_o but_o this_o one_o note_n will_v keep_v my_o true_a sentiment_n from_o be_v misunderstand_v that_o i_o allow_v ideas_n or_o resemblance_n in_o the_o fancy_n or_o imagination_n but_o i_o absolute_o deny_v there_o be_v any_o spiritual_a idea_n or_o similitude_n in_o the_o mind_n on_o which_o we_o ground_n any_o truth_n or_o which_o be_v the_o material_n of_o knowledge_n but_o notion_n only_o or_o the_o thing_n abstract_o or_o inadequate_o conceive_v by_o the_o understanding_n your_o wellwishing_a friend_n and_o faithful_a servant_n j._n s._n solid_a philosophy_n assert_v preliminary_a discourse_n preliminary_n first_o of_o the_o impropriety_n and_o equivocalness_n of_o of_o the_o word_n idea_n 1._o the_o author_n of_o the_o essay_n concern_v human_a understanding_n have_v sincere_o level_v the_o aim_n of_o his_o endeavour_n at_o the_o attainment_n of_o truth_n in_o philosophy_n which_o can_v only_o be_v have_v by_o clear_v the_o way_n to_o science_n hence_o this_o be_v the_o sole_a end_n we_o have_v both_o of_o we_o prefix_v to_o ourselves_o the_o best_a method_n in_o common_a which_o i_o can_v take_v in_o my_o reflection_n on_o that_o learned_a treatise_n be_v to_o keep_v my_o eye_n still_o direct_v to_o that_o end_n and_o to_o take_v my_o measure_n from_o the_o order_n and_o rapport_v which_o our_o respective_a position_n or_o discourse_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o bear_v to_o that_o best_a design_n 2._o this_o premised_a my_o first_o preliminary_n reflection_n shall_v be_v upon_o his_o make_n use_v throughout_o his_o whole_a work_n of_o science_n the_o word_n idea_n as_o the_o chief_a or_o rather_o only_a material_n of_o which_o according_a to_o he_o we_o be_v to_o frame_v immediate_o all_o our_o knowledge_n which_o be_v so_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o word_n be_v not_o itself_o clear_a but_o equivocal_a and_o if_o as_o take_v in_o one_o sense_n it_o be_v manifest_o nothing_o at_o all_o to_o science_n nor_o can_v be_v any_o material_a of_o it_o and_o as_o take_v in_o the_o other_o it_o may_v and_o must_v conduce_v to_o it_o nay_o be_v the_o sole_a immediate_a ground_n and_o origin_n of_o all_o science_n i_o can_v but_o think_v that_o the_o promiscuous_a usage_n of_o that_o word_n in_o such_o disparate_a sense_n it_o be_v of_o so_o general_a concern_v and_o run_v through_o that_o whole_a book_n must_v necessary_o encumber_v and_o perplex_v in_o a_o high_a measure_n the_o way_n to_o scientifical_a knowledge_n 3._o one_o of_o his_o secondary_a design_n be_v as_o he_o express_v himself_o in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o reader_n to_o remove_v the_o rubbish_n necessity_n in_o order_n to_o the_o build_n up_o science_n and_o to_o beat_v down_o the_o vanity_n and_o ignorance_n of_o those_o who_o have_v reduce_v philosophy_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o insignificant_a school-term_n this_o be_v certain_o a_o very_a necessary_a and_o a_o very_a laudable_a design_n it_o be_v evident_a to_o all_o ingenuous_a lover_n of_o truth_n that_o never_o be_v there_o more_o need_n of_o a_o reformation_n than_o there_o have_v be_v of_o philosophy_n in_o these_o last_o century_n to_o second_v he_o in_o which_o i_o have_v not_o fail_v on_o my_o part_n to_o contribute_v my_o endeavour_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o do_v not_o think_v we_o ought_v without_o great_a and_o necessary_a occasion_n alter_v those_o word_n which_o have_v be_v accept_v and_o use_v by_o the_o learned_a world_n such_o as_o it_o be_v hitherto_o especial_o such_o word_n as_o be_v proper_a and_o univocal_a such_o i_o take_v the_o word_n notion_n to_o be_v much_o less_o to_o substitute_v another_o which_o i_o must_v proper_a think_v be_v less_o proper_a and_o withal_o high_o equivocal_a or_o ambiguous_a i_o mean_v the_o word_n idea_n i_o know_v this_o ingenuous_a author_n apologise_v for_o his_o frequent_a use_v it_o and_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v he_o do_v this_o out_o of_o civility_n towards_o our_o modern_a philosopher_n who_o have_v bring_v it_o
two_o proposition_n be_v true_a the_o late_a false_a if_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o its_o modes_n be_v not_o the_o material_n that_o compound_v it_o 5._o wherefore_o this_o be_v to_o be_v establish_v as_o a_o certain_a maxim_n and_o a_o necessary_a preliminary_n to_o all_o philosophy_n whatever_o signify_v that_o it_o be_v the_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n that_o give_v solidity_n and_o steadiness_n to_o all_o our_o judgement_n and_o discourse_n for_o all_o these_o be_v make_v up_o of_o notion_n that_o be_v of_o the_o very_a thing_n itself_o in_o our_o mind_n inadequate_o and_o diverse_o conceive_v wherefore_o that_o be_v still_o the_o groundwork_n however_o it_o be_v wrought_v upon_o order_v and_o posture_v by_o reflection_n and_o art_n from_o default_n of_o this_o consideration_n spring_v all_o the_o wordishness_n and_o empty_a dispute_n among_o trivial_a philosopher_n of_o which_o mr._n l._n do_v with_o good_a reason_n so_o often_o complain_v i_o wish_v he_o can_v as_o well_o give_v we_o a_o account_n that_o the_o idea_n he_o and_o other_o speak_v of_o be_v the_o thing_n itself_o inadequate_o conceive_v by_o we_o and_o not_o mere_a representation_n of_o it_o for_o this_o do_v we_o may_v hope_v for_o true_a philosophy_n from_o the_o principle_n of_o the_o ideist_n which_o they_o can_v pretend_v to_o show_v or_o to_o give_v we_o this_o hope_n till_o a_o solid_a answer_n be_v give_v to_o what_o be_v allege_v against_o they_o in_o my_o second_o and_o three_o preliminary_n where_o i_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a 6._o i_o be_o not_o of_o mr._n l_n mind_n that_o metaphysical_a word_n however_o logical_a one_o may_v be_v ambiguous_a be_v so_o unintelligible_a clear_n or_o in_o fault_n for_o those_o word_n that_o signify_v be_v or_o what_o near_o relate_v to_o it_o which_o be_v the_o chief_a object_n of_o that_o queen_n of_o science_n be_v absolute_o the_o clear_a that_o mankind_n ever_o use_v or_o can_v use_v so_o that_o whoever_o abuse_n or_o misaccept_v they_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o deserter_n of_o common_a sense_n notwithstanding_o in_o regard_n some_o pretend_a scholar_n have_v on_o divers_a occasion_n use_v philosophical_a and_o even_o common_a word_n various_o i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o add_v a_o five_o preliminary_n to_o show_v what_o sense_n the_o chief_a word_n use_v in_o philosophy_n must_v have_v and_o that_o they_o can_v signify_v no_o other_o last_o i_o have_v show_v at_o large_a in_o my_o method_n b._n 1._o lesle_n 10_o how_o equivocalness_n spring_v and_o how_o it_o may_v be_v detect_v and_o avoid_v 7._o this_o learned_a author_n have_v most_o elaborate_o large_o and_o acute_o prosecute_v in_o his_o former_a book_n the_o unnecessary_a distinction_n of_o his_o idea_n and_o the_o whole_a duty_n of_o word_n be_v to_o signify_v our_o thought_n to_o other_o i_o can_v discern_v what_o need_n there_o can_v be_v to_o take_v such_o pain_n about_o those_o outward_a sign_n many_o curious_a remark_n do_v indeed_o embellish_v his_o discourse_n which_o show_v that_o his_o exuberant_a wit_n can_v make_v good_a work_n of_o the_o dry_v subject_a and_o raise_v elegant_a structure_n out_o of_o the_o slight_a material_n yet_o notwithstanding_o i_o see_v not_o how_o they_o conduce_v to_o promote_v the_o solid_a knowledge_n of_o thing_n the_o very_a essence_n i_o say_v and_o the_o nature_n of_o word_n be_v to_o signify_v our_o notion_n or_o to_o impart_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o our_o mind_n to_o other_o their_o sense_n must_v either_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v agree_v on_o and_o foreknown_a to_o the_o speaker_n and_o hearer_n or_o they_o will_v scarce_o be_v allow_v worthy_a to_o be_v call_v word_n but_o rather_o empty_a and_o insignificant_a articulate_a sound_n wherefore_o if_o the_o idea_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o speaker_n be_v clear_a or_o obscure_a distinct_a or_o confuse_a adequate_a or_o inadequate_a etc._n etc._n the_o word_n must_v either_o express_v it_o according_o or_o it_o be_v not_o the_o name_n of_o such_o a_o idea_n or_o notion_n nor_o a_o word_n sit_v for_o it_o and_o much_o less_o for_o any_o thing_n else_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v good_a for_o nothing_o at_o all_o this_o make_v i_o wish_v mr._n l._n have_v rather_o think_v fit_a to_o take_v particular_a notice_n of_o those_o word_n which_o have_v be_v abuse_v or_o misaccept_v by_o trivial_a philosopher_n and_o have_v clear_v their_o ambiguity_n rectify_v their_o impropriety_n and_o substitute_v if_o need_n be_v other_o more_o proper_a in_o their_o stead_n which_o must_v certain_o have_v have_v great_a influence_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o science_n nor_o need_v he_o much_o wonder_n that_o dull_a or_o hasty_a man_n who_o either_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o much_o sense_n or_o will_v not_o take_v pain_n to_o reflect_v on_o their_o natural_a notion_n or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o on_o the_o meaning_n of_o their_o word_n do_v make_v use_n of_o they_o and_o yet_o talk_v by_o rote_n all_o the_o while_n follow_v the_o track_n of_o other_o who_o they_o have_v hear_v speak_v they_o or_o the_o jargon_n of_o their_o master_n who_o breed_v their_o scholar_n to_o stick_v to_o their_o word_n as_o unalterable_o as_o if_o they_o be_v principle_n though_o perhaps_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v so_o wise_a as_o to_o know_v or_o so_o prudent_a as_o to_o regard_v much_o their_o determinate_a mean_v 8._o thing_n stand_v thus_o and_o my_o intention_n in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n be_v only_o to_o carry_v on_o my_o method_n to_o science_n it_o and_o to_o reduce_v to_o solidity_n those_o discourse_n which_o i_o conceive_v have_v too_o much_o of_o fancy_n in_o they_o i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v as_o to_o this_o three_o book_n but_o to_o note_v by_o the_o way_n some_o particular_n that_o occur_v and_o which_o as_o i_o judge_v do_v by_o ass_n from_o true_a philosophy_n 9_o the_o author_n seem_v to_o dislike_v our_o way_n of_o define_v by_o a_o genus_fw-la difference_n and_o its_o difference_n and_o to_o think_v it_o may_v be_v better_o perform_v by_o enumerate_v some_o certain_a idea_n which_o put_v together_o do_v make_v up_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o notion_n define_v to_o abett_v which_o doctrine_n he_o give_v we_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o man_n viz._n a_o solid_a extend_v substance_n have_v life_n sense_n spontaneous_a motion_n and_o the_o faculty_n of_o reason_v i_o discourse_v thus_o what_o best_a suit_n with_o the_o vulgar_a be_v one_o thing_n what_o become_v man_n of_o art_n another_o it_o will_v serve_v the_o common_a people_n well_o enough_o to_o declare_v their_o thought_n by_o huddle_v together_o many_o particular_a consideration_n nay_o they_o will_v define_v even_o individuum_n if_o such_o as_o these_o may_v be_v call_v definition_n by_o this_o method_n as_o homer_n do_v thersites_n but_o the_o point_n be_v how_o art_n which_o be_v to_o perfect_a and_o polish_v the_o rudeness_n of_o raw_a undisciplined_a nature_n aught_o to_o behave_v itself_o reflection_n the_o parent_n of_o all_o art_n teach_v even_o housewife_n and_o lawyer_n that_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o one_o to_o put_v such_o and_o such_o linen_n into_o distinct_a drawer_n and_o for_o the_o other_o to_o distribute_v all_o those_o write_n that_o concern_v different_a business_n into_o distinct_a box_n and_o the_o same_o faculty_n teach_v logician_n also_o to_o range_v all_o their_o notion_n the_o material_n they_o be_v employ_v about_o into_o distinct_a common_a head_n so_o to_o gain_v a_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o each_o which_o they_o be_v innumerable_a will_v otherwise_o lie_v mingle_v confuse_o this_o perform_v what_o be_v they_o to_o do_v next_o must_v they_o hover_v still_o in_o these_o few_o common_a head_n of_o notion_n no_o certain_o for_o then_o they_o will_v not_o have_v enough_o of_o such_o moreparticular_a notion_n as_o be_v needful_a for_o discourse_n they_o must_v descend_v therefore_o from_o those_o common_a notion_n to_o moreparticular_a one_o under_o each_o of_o they_o and_o this_o as_o plain_a reason_n tell_v we_o gradual_o that_o be_v they_o must_v divide_v those_o common_a head_n by_o immediate_a distinctive_a notion_n call_v difference_n for_o be_v they_o not_o different_a the_o product_n of_o that_o division_n can_v not_o be_v more_o notion_n whereas_o division_n must_v at_o least_o make_v two_o of_o one._n and_o whence_o must_v we_o take_v those_o difference_n from_o other_o common_a head_n no_o sure_o for_o this_o will_v confound_v all_o our_o notion_n again_o which_o we_o have_v take_v such_o care_n to_o distinguish_v into_o those_o head_n in_o case_n the_o more_o particular_a one_o or_o the_o respective_a species_n be_v make_v up_o of_o one_o notion_n find_v in_o one_o line_n and_o of_o another_o find_v in_o another_o those_o difference_n than_o that_o divide_v each_o common_a head_n must_v be_v find_v within_o the_o same_o head_n
discourse_n on_o idea_n that_o be_v as_o themselves_o express_v it_o and_o as_o the_o word_n idea_n declare_v on_o similitude_n or_o resemblance_n which_o similitude_n as_o be_v abundant_o demonstrate_v in_o my_o three_o first_o preliminary_n be_v mere_a fancy_n mine_n be_v to_o build_v they_o sole_o and_o entire_o on_o the_o thing_n themselves_o in_o which_o as_o the_o footstep_n or_o effect_n of_o his_o essential_a verity_n the_o creative_a wisdom_n of_o the_o god_n of_o truth_n have_v plant_v and_o imprint_v all_o create_a truth_n whatever_o this_o method_n i_o observe_v so_o exact_o throughout_o my_o whole_a method_n and_o this_o present_a treatise_n that_o i_o disown_n and_o renounce_v any_o discourse_n in_o either_o of_o these_o book_n which_o be_v not_o build_v either_o upon_o the_o thing_n as_o they_o be_v in_o nature_n or_o according_a to_o the_o be_v they_o natural_o have_v in_o the_o understanding_n and_o i_o shall_v owe_v much_o to_o that_o man_n who_o will_v show_v i_o that_o i_o do_v any_o where_fw-mi decline_v from_o this_o solid_a and_o wellgrounded_n method_n as_o for_o formal_a truth_n find_v in_o our_o judgement_n or_o discourse_n i_o build_v they_o on_o most_o evident_a principle_n or_o strive_v to_o reduce_v they_o thither_o and_o on_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o term_n find_v in_o proposition_n by_o which_o only_a truth_n can_v be_v express_v keep_v still_o a_o attentive_a regard_n to_o the_o thing_n themselves_o and_o i_o desire_v that_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o ideist_n and_o i_o may_v be_v decide_v by_o the_o impartial_a umpirage_n of_o rigorous_a logic_n a_o test_n which_o as_o i_o be_o sure_a their_o cause_n can_v bear_v so_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o will_v never_o accept_v of_o or_o stand_v to_o for_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v discern_v by_o any_o serious_a reflecter_n that_o their_o procedure_n and_o manner_n of_o discourse_v be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o lay_v principle_n and_o draw_v a_o close_a and_o well-knit_a train_n of_o consequence_n as_o i_o do_v in_o all_o the_o main_a point_n of_o my_o method_n and_o in_o this_o present_a treatise_n on_o occasion_n but_o by_o unproved_a supposition_n and_o loose_a discourse_n make_v up_o of_o well-expressed_a wit_n ingenious_a remark_n acquaint_v novelty_n plausible_a explication_n and_o such_o other_o superficial_a way_n which_o though_o they_o take_v with_o vulgar_a reader_n be_v to_o speak_v plain_o more_o fit_a for_o flashy_a rhetorical_a declamation_n than_o for_o manly_n and_o solid_a philosophy_n nor_o do_v i_o think_v it_o do_v ever_o so_o much_o as_o once_o enter_v into_o the_o thought_n of_o the_o ideist_n much_o less_o their_o hope_n that_o their_o discourse_n can_v be_v reduce_v to_o self-evidence_n or_o to_o that_o artificial_a form_n of_o close_a discourse_n call_v a_o demonstrative_a syllogism_n which_o be_v the_o touchstone_n to_o distinguish_v what_o ratiocination_n be_v true_o conclusive_a what_o inconclusive_a or_o fallacious_a without_o which_o what_o do_v we_o know_v 8._o i_o be_o very_a well_o aware_a what_o prejudice_n i_o bring_v upon_o myself_o by_o addressing_z you_o in_o this_o confident_a manner_n at_o the_o very_a first_o dash_n of_o my_o pen_n and_o some_o well-meaning_a friend_n have_v advertise_v i_o that_o this_o carriage_n of_o i_o have_v be_v reflect_v on_o especial_o by_o some_o mere_a schoolman_n who_o though_o they_o in_o reality_n know_v nothing_o be_v more_o proud_a of_o their_o probability_n than_o the_o most_o scientifical_a man_n live_v be_v of_o his_o demonstration_n though_o their_o utmost_a performance_n amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o that_o of_o the_o ridiculous_a fortune-teller_n of_o old_a aut_fw-la erit_fw-la aut_fw-la non_fw-la divinare_fw-la etenim_fw-la magnus_fw-la mihi_fw-la donat_fw-la apollo_n whence_o i_o do_v full_o expect_v that_o the_o humour_n of_o our_o modern_a speculater_n will_v judge_v this_o assuredness_n of_o i_o to_o be_v a_o high_a presumption_n of_o my_o own_o performance_n nay_o some_o will_v think_v it_o a_o proud_a disregard_n of_o other_o even_o to_o talk_v of_o demonstration_n indeed_o i_o must_v own_o i_o have_v a_o high_a opinion_n of_o my_o principle_n and_o my_o method_n which_o nature_n and_o god_n good_a providence_n have_v lay_v and_o establish_v but_o as_o for_o my_o conclusion_n and_o deduction_n as_o i_o will_v not_o justify_v they_o all_o with_o the_o same_o firmness_n as_o i_o do_v the_o other_o so_o i_o must_v declare_v that_o do_v i_o not_o real_o judge_v they_o demonstrative_a when_o i_o call_v they_o so_o i_o shall_v not_o think_v i_o ought_v to_o propose_v they_o as_o such_o nor_o at_o all_o to_o the_o learned_a the_o world_n have_v be_v sufficient_o pester_v already_o with_o book_n of_o philosophy_n nay_o volume_n blow_v up_o to_o a_o vast_a bulk_n with_o windy_a and_o frathy_n probability_n and_o petty_a inconclusive_a topic_n which_o like_o rank_a weed_n have_v overrun_v that_o rich_a soil_n where_o science_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v sow_v and_o i_o esteem_v it_o too_o poor_a and_o mean_a a_o vanity_n to_o plant_v briar-field_n to_o enlarge_v a_o wilderness_n if_o i_o overween_v in_o call_v my_o proof_n demonstration_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o take_v the_o shame_n to_o myself_o if_o it_o deserve_v shame_n though_o perhaps_o i_o have_v be_v more_o blame-worthy_a if_o real_o judge_v they_o demonstrative_a i_o have_v mince_v the_o truth_n and_o out_o of_o a_o affect_a modesty_n or_o a_o diffidence_n for_o which_o i_o see_v no_o ground_n i_o have_v diminish_v their_o force_n in_o the_o esteem_n of_o my_o reader_n and_o so_o hinder_v the_o profit_n which_o startle_v at_o the_o uncouth_a sound_n of_o demonstration_n they_o may_v otherwise_o have_v reap_v by_o look_v into_o they_o for_o demonstration_n be_v strange_a rarity_n in_o this_o sceptical_a age_n and_o when_o those_o who_o be_v to_o show_v they_o do_v proclaim_v to_o the_o world_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v see_v curious_a people_n will_v run_v in_o flock_n to_o view_v the_o monster_n 9_o he_o that_o know_v what_o demonstration_n be_v and_o very_o judge_v his_o argument_n be_v such_o and_o yet_o out_o of_o niaiserie_n and_o shamefastness_n say_v at_o every_o turn_n i_o think_v or_o perhaps_o this_o be_v true_a or_o may_v be_v true_a shall_v if_o i_o may_v advise_v he_o wear_v a_o mask_n for_o he_o do_v as_o good_a as_o tell_v his_o reader_n gentleman_n i_o offer_v you_o a_o argument_n but_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a your_o acceptance_n a_o strange_a compliment_n from_o one_o philosopher_n to_o another_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o my_o natural_a humour_n and_o inclination_n but_o perfect_o out_o of_o deliberate_a design_n to_o win_v my_o reader_n to_o attentive_a examination_n and_o invite_v those_o who_o be_v dissatisfy_v to_o opposition_n which_o be_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o clear_a truth_n that_o i_o deliver_v myself_o with_o that_o bold_a assurance_n and_o i_o do_v real_o intend_v that_o sceptical_a man_n shall_v ask_v quid_fw-la profert_fw-la dignum_fw-la tanto_fw-la promissor_n hiatu_fw-la that_o set_v themselves_o thence_o to_o sift_v the_o nature_n of_o my_o method_n and_o the_o force_n of_o my_o argument_n more_o narrow_o they_o may_v better_o sink_v into_o their_o understanding_n as_o i_o be_o confident_a they_o will_v if_o ever_o they_o have_v peruse_v my_o method_n to_o science_n and_o by_o that_o or_o any_o other_o mean_n do_v solid_o know_v what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o true_a demonstration_n 10._o another_o reason_n why_o i_o put_v on_o this_o vizard_n of_o confidence_n so_o little_o suit_v with_o my_o natural_a complexion_n be_v this_o the_o want_n of_o true_a science_n and_o the_o despair_n of_o find_v any_o have_v bring_v such_o a_o lukewarm_a and_o indifferent_a humour_n into_o the_o world_n and_o i_o wish_v it_o be_v not_o too_o common_a that_o though_o all_o man_n affect_v to_o talk_v of_o truth_n and_o seem_v in_o ordinary_a discourse_n to_o value_n and_o magnify_v she_o yet_o when_o it_o come_v to_o the_o point_n scarce_o one_o man_n dare_v hearty_o profess_v himself_o her_o champion_n and_o declare_v he_o will_v defend_v her_o cause_n with_o evident_a reason_n against_o all_o opposer_n for_o alas_o how_o few_o man_n be_v there_o who_o will_v profess_v to_o demonstrate_v in_o philosophy_n or_o to_o reduce_v their_o discourse_n to_o evidence_n without_o do_v which_o and_o abide_v by_o the_o trial_n perhaps_o there_o be_v not_o one_o word_n of_o truth_n in_o all_o philosophy_n nor_o any_o thing_n but_o learned_a romance_n in_o all_o the_o university_n of_o europe_n many_o man_n indeed_o do_v make_v a_o profession_n of_o knowledge_n because_o it_o be_v honourable_a and_o every_o scholar_n be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o or_o he_o will_v quite_o lose_v his_o credit_n but_o when_o it_o shall_v come_v to_o performance_n not_o one_o man_n in_o ten_o thousand_o show_n that_o zeal_n for_o the_o advancement_n of_o truth_n as_o answer_n to_o
from_o dumb_a animal_n beside_o when_o a_o cat_n or_o dog_n be_v hungry_a and_o hunt_v about_o for_o meat_n how_o can_v mr._n l._n imagine_v they_o long_v only_o for_o one_o particular_a sort_n of_o meat_n and_o not_o any_o sort_n of_o meat_n in_o common_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n i_o be_o sure_a their_o indifferency_n to_o any_o such_o food_n in_o case_n they_o know_v at_o all_o give_v we_o as_o good_a ground_n to_o think_v they_o have_v a_o general_n idea_n of_o such_o a_o sort_n kind_n or_o species_n of_o food_n as_o it_o do_v for_o any_o knowledge_n they_o have_v of_o particular_n hence_o be_v show_v that_o mr._n l_n criterion_n or_o distinctive_a mark_n to_o know_v they_o from_o man_n viz._n the_o have_v general_a idea_n quite_o fail_v we_o ought_v to_o esteem_v horse_n and_o other_o cattle_n to_o be_v fourfooted_a man_n or_o else_o man_n must_v be_v two-legged_a beast_n moreover_o since_o he_o grant_v here_o §_o 5._o they_o can_v compare_v those_o idea_n they_o have_v though_o imperfect_o and_o but_o in_o some_o circumstance_n and_o all_o judge_a and_o discourse_v must_v by_o his_o doctrine_n consist_v in_o the_o compare_v idea_n he_o must_v think_v there_o be_v some_o of_o they_o who_o be_v very_o judicious_a gentleman_n and_o use_v natural_a logic_n and_o though_o not_o very_o artificial_o make_v syllogism_n too_o in_o a_o word_n if_o we_o have_v no_o pecular_a faculty_n intrinsical_a to_o our_o nature_n nor_o any_o primary_n operation_n belong_v to_o it_o and_o it_o only_o to_o distinguish_v we_o from_o brute_n but_o extrinsecal_n shape_n only_o all_o beast_n may_v be_v man_n and_o man_n beast_n and_o then_o we_o ought_v in_o duty_n to_o consider_v how_o to_o correct_v our_o carriage_n towards_o our_o dear_a brethren_n in_o nature_n brute_n which_o will_v bring_v in_o the_o turkish_a charity_n to_o dog_n and_o twenty_o other_o foolery_n and_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o identity_n of_o our_o nature_n that_o mr._n l._n bring_v of_o some_o gentleman_n he_o be_v acquaint_v with_o who_o deny_v themselves_o to_o be_v man_n and_o i_o wonder_v he_o will_v civil_o give_v they_o the_o lie_v by_o pass_v upon_o they_o the_o compliment_n that_o they_o be_v notwithstanding_o very_o rational_a man_n for_o be_v it_o possible_a any_o man_n can_v be_v a_o beast_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a these_o man_n be_v such_o but_o i_o wonder_v not_o all_o at_o such_o extravagant_a conceit_n for_o as_o reason_n ground_v on_o our_o natural_a notion_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v reduce_v if_o pursue_v home_o to_o first_o and_o self-evident_a principle_n so_o fancy_n if_o follow_v close_o advance_v at_o length_n to_o pure_a folly_n and_o end_n final_o in_o perfect_a madness_n 8._o as_o for_o we_o man_n we_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o we_o do_v true_o perceive_v or_o know_v because_o we_o know_v certain_o by_o experience_n know_v or_o rather_o by_o reflection_n that_o we_o do_v know_v but_o we_o do_v not_o thus_o know_v that_o brute_n know_v and_o whoever_o think_v he_o can_v gather_v it_o by_o reason_n aught_o i_o conceive_v ere_o he_o go_v about_o it_o to_o study_v exact_o two_o previous_a point_n first_o he_o ought_v to_o consider_v very_o attentive_o how_o or_o upon_o what_o ground_n he_o can_v imagine_v particle_n of_o matter_n though_o never_o so_o subtle_a and_o artificial_o lay_v together_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o perception_n or_o knowledge_n or_o how_o this_o suit_n with_o the_o nature_n of_o mere_a body_n we_o can_v only_o gather_v this_o from_o local_a motion_n proceed_v from_o brute_n with_o some_o kind_n of_o regularity_n now_o a_o exact_a watch_n in_o proportion_n to_o its_o few_o part_n do_v by_o virtue_n of_o a_o spring_n within_o which_o be_v part_n of_o its_o self_n afford_v the_o same_o argument_n to_o one_o that_o be_v not_o aware_a of_o its_o contrivance_n for_o it_o show_v we_o and_o regular_o too_o the_o minute_n quarter_n half-hour_n hour_n day_n of_o the_o month_n and_o tell_v we_o the_o time_n aloud_o by_o strike_v the_o bell_n nay_o a_o repeating-clock_n do_v without_o miss_v or_o mistake_v answer_v the_o question_n as_o it_o be_v which_o by_o pull_v the_o string_n you_o ask_v it_o and_o though_o you_o be_v never_o so_o importune_v in_o repeat_v your_o question_n often_o yet_o it_o still_o answer_v truth_n with_o more_o steady_a exactness_n than_o bank_n his_o horse_n can_v by_o see_v the_o motion_n of_o his_o master_n eye_n yet_o if_o any_o man_n have_v draw_v thence_o a_o conclusion_n that_o those_o engine_n have_v percieve_v or_o know_v we_o be_v satisfy_v that_o he_o have_v be_v perfect_o mistake_v a_o italian_a here_o have_v a_o engine_n which_o will_v both_o a_o wake_v one_o at_o the_o hour_n he_o design_v to_o rise_v and_o also_o strike_v fire_n and_o light_v his_o candle_n for_o he_o which_o i_o believe_v be_v more_o than_o the_o most_o docil_n brute_n can_v ever_o be_v teach_v to_o perform_v the_o case_n have_v be_v still_o more_o difficult_a have_v this_o watch_n or_o engine_n which_o seem_v self_n move_v be_v put_v into_o all_o these_o motion_n by_o subtle_a and_o indiscernible_a agent_n as_o iron_n be_v by_o the_o efflwium_n of_o a_o loadstone_n or_o as_o memnon_n musical_a statue_n be_v by_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o in_o that_o case_n the_o vulgar_a discern_v no_o material_a cause_n that_o set_v it_o on_o work_n will_v present_o have_v have_v recourse_n to_o some_o know_v power_n in_o the_o engine_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o they_o hear_v noise_n in_o a_o house_n and_o can_v find_v out_o what_o cause_v they_o they_o immediate_o conclude_v it_o be_v a_o spirit_n whence_o result_v this_o plain_a rule_n that_o ere_o we_o can_v with_o reason_n conclude_v or_o think_v any_o thing_n except_o ourselves_o have_v perception_n or_o knowledge_n by_o our_o see_v it_o perform_v any_o outward_a action_n we_o ought_v first_o to_o be_v certain_a that_o we_o can_v comprehend_v all_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n and_o all_o the_o several_a combination_n and_o contrivance_n of_o they_o and_o that_o we_o see_v that_o those_o action_n be_v impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v by_o bodily_a part_n lay_v together_o by_o a_o infinite_o wise_a artificer_n before_o we_o fall_v to_o imagine_v that_o any_o mere_o animal_n body_n be_v more_o than_o a_o natural_a engine_n or_o that_o it_o do_v any_o more_o perceive_v think_v or_o know_v than_o do_v a_o watch_n or_o clock_n 9_o the_o second_o thing_n necessary_a to_o be_v do_v ere_o we_o ought_v to_o think_v brute_n have_v any_o knowledge_n be_v to_o consider_v prerequire_v exact_o the_o incredible_a variety_n of_o the_o several_a organical_a part_n find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o animal_n which_o with_o the_o peculiar_a uses_n of_o each_o and_o the_o contexture_n of_o they_o with_o the_o other_o part_n do_v swell_v so_o many_o book_n of_o anatomy_n already_o without_o any_o hope_n or_o prospect_n of_o reach_v they_o all_o and_o beside_o it_o be_v necessary_a also_o to_o weigh_v attentive_o the_o chemical_a part_n if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o call_v they_o so_o of_o a_o animal_n consist_v of_o blood_n the_o humour_n in_o it_o and_o especial_o the_o spirit_n which_o last_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v move_v upon_o every_o occasion_n by_o the_o least_o touch_n of_o all_o the_o body_n about_o it_o nay_o by_o the_o most_o minute_n particle_n of_o they_o lodge_v in_o the_o brain_n and_o excite_v there_o a_o fresh_a and_o be_v withal_o apt_a to_o be_v carry_v thence_o in_o convenient_a vehicles_n throughout_o the_o whole_a to_o set_v on_o motion_n those_o part_n which_o be_v more_o solid_a when_o he_o have_v do_v this_o let_v he_o consider_v all_o these_o diverse-natured_n part_v lay_v together_o by_o the_o alwise_a contriver_n of_o nature_n in_o order_n to_o the_o animal_n pursue_v what_o be_v agreeable_a to_o its_o nature_n and_o avoid_v what_o be_v disagreeable_a to_o it_o when_o i_o say_v all_o these_o particular_n be_v well_o weigh_v and_o due_o reflect_v on_o i_o believe_v we_o shall_v be_v at_o a_o loss_n to_o pitch_v upon_o any_o outward_a notion_n with_o such_o wise_a contexture_n and_o the_o complexion_n of_o such_o innumerable_a material_a cause_n may_v not_o natural_o produce_v 10._o to_o give_v some_o ease_n to_o our_o fancy_n startle_v at_o the_o strangeness_n of_o many_o action_n we_o see_v do_v by_o brute_n let_v we_o reflect_v do_v on_o what_o happen_v to_o man_n walk_v in_o their_o sleep_n when_o the_o passage_n to_o our_o know_a power_n be_v intercept_v and_o our_o wonderment_n will_v to_o a_o great_a degree_n cease_v how_o regular_o do_v the_o phantasm_n at_o that_o time_n move_v our_o brutal_a part_n the_o body_n many_o authentic_a example_n of_o which_o i_o can_v recount_v worthy_a our_o high_a admiration_n they_o
of_o endless_a misery_n it_o be_v also_o true_a that_o we_o be_v conscious_a here_o of_o any_o perceptible_a good_a or_o harm_n that_o happen_v to_o our_o person_n because_o we_o can_v but_o reflect_v on_o what_o concern_v any_o part_n of_o our_o individuum_fw-la which_o be_v our_o self_n which_o yet_o be_v so_o far_o from_o prove_v that_o our_o personality_n consist_v in_o this_o consciousness_n that_o it_o prove_v the_o direct_a contrary_n for_o it_o show_v that_o our_o person_n or_o individual_a self_n affect_v thus_o agreeable_o or_o disagreeable_o be_v the_o object_n of_o that_o consciousness_n and_o object_n must_v be_v antecedent_n and_o pre-supposed_n to_o the_o act_n which_o be_v employ_v about_o they_o because_o the_o object_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o those_o acts._n nor_n be_v there_o any_o far_a mystery_n in_o the_o word_n self_n for_o it_o mean_v no_o more_o but_o our_o own_o same_o intelligent_a individuum_fw-la with_o which_o we_o be_v well_o acquaint_v partly_o by_o direct_a partly_o by_o reflex_n knowledge_n 14._o it_o look_v so_o very_o odd_o to_o say_v that_o one_o of_o our_o own_o act_n shall_v constitute_v our_o own_o particular_a essence_n themselves_o which_o it_o must_v do_v if_o our_o personal_a identity_n consist_v in_o our_o consciousness_n that_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v that_o mr._n locke'_v great_a wit_n aim_v at_o some_o other_o truth_n though_o he_o hap_v to_o misapply_v it_o i_o can_v but_o guess_v at_o it_o and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v this_o it_o be_v without_o doubt_n true_a that_o the_o essence_n of_o subsistent_a spiritual_a nature_n which_o as_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o potentiality_n in_o they_o be_v pure_a act_n i_o mean_v angel_n consist_v in_o actual_a knowledge_n which_o act_n be_v first_o of_o themselves_o and_o if_o so_o why_o may_v not_o this_o act_n of_o the_o soul_n call_v consciousness_n employ_v about_o herself_o or_o her_o own_o action_n constitute_v the_o soul_n or_o the_o man_n personality_n but_o the_o difference_n lie_v here_o that_o those_o pure_a spirit_n have_v no_o matter_n or_o potentiality_n in_o they_o annex_v to_o much_o less_o identify_v with_o their_o nature_n their_o essence_n be_v formal_o constitute_v by_o their_o be_v in_o act_n according_a to_o their_o nature_n that_o be_v by_o be_v actual_o know_v whereas_o the_o soul_n in_o this_o state_n be_v immerse_v in_o matter_n and_o identify_v or_o make_v one_o thing_n with_o her_o bodily_a compart_n and_o need_v to_o use_v it_o as_o she_o conjoin_v instrument_n as_o it_o be_v to_o attain_v knowledge_n be_v therefore_o in_o a_o state_n of_o potentiality_n whence_o she_o have_v no_o innate_a notion_n much_o less_o principle_n but_o be_v mere_o passive_a in_o acquire_v those_o first_o rudiment_n of_o knowledge_n however_o after_o she_o be_v thus_o pre-informed_a she_o or_o rather_o the_o man_n according_a to_o his_o spiritual_a part_n be_v in_o part_n active_a when_o he_o improve_v those_o knowledge_n or_o ripen_v they_o to_o perfection_n by_o his_o reflection_n and_o reason_n as_o both_o of_o we_o hold_v 15._o i_o see_v no_o necessity_n of_o make_v any_o far_a remark_n upon_o this_o chapter_n after_o i_o have_v note_v some_o other_o ill-laid_a matter_n and_o wrong_o suppose_a ground_n which_o occasion_v his_o mistake_v as_o first_o that_o the_o soul_n of_o a_o man_n be_v indifferent_o alike_o to_o all_o matter_n whereas_o each_o soul_n not_o be_v a_o assistant_n but_o a_o inform_a form_n and_o withal_o be_v but_o the_o form_n of_o one_o particular_a and_o therefore_o fit_v as_o be_v late_o prove_v to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o particular_a pre-existent_a embryo_n it_o can_v be_v receive_v in_o no_o matter_n but_o that_o which_o be_v individual_o determine_v in_o itself_o as_o to_o its_o animality_n and_o therefore_o it_o require_v a_o form_n distinct_a from_o all_o other_o or_o as_o the_o individual_a constitution_n of_o the_o embryo_n be_v second_o §_o 28._o he_o make_v account_n the_o specific_a idea_n if_o hold_v to_o will_v make_v clear_a the_o distinction_n of_o any_o thing_n into_o the_o same_o and_o diverse_a whereas_o our_o subject_n as_o i_o suppose_v be_v about_o individual_a identity_n and_o diversity_n how_o the_o hold_n to_o the_o specifical_a idea_n in_o which_o all_o the_o individuum_n under_o it_o do_v agree_v and_o which_o make_v they_o one_o in_o nature_n shall_v clear_v the_o distinction_n of_o individual_n be_v altogether_o inexplicable_a it_o must_v then_o be_v only_o the_o individual_a idea_n or_o notion_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v reach_v it_o to_o which_o there_o go_v more_o mode_n than_o to_o the_o specifical_a and_o its_o intrinsecal_n composition_n which_o can_v diversify_v thing_n real_o or_o make_v they_o to_o be_v real_o the_o same_o or_o divers_a however_o some_o outward_a circumstance_n can_v do_v it_o quoad_fw-la nos_fw-la i_o be_o not_o much_o surprise_v that_o mr._n locke_n lead_v by_o the_o common_a doctrine_n do_v think_v there_o be_v no_o essential_a essential_a notion_n under_o that_o which_o logician_n call_v the_o species_n whereas_o all_o individual_n be_v most_o proper_o distinct_a thing_n must_v have_v also_o essence_n be_v the_o formal_a constitutive_a of_o ens_fw-la distinct_a essence_n and_o so_o be_v essential_o distinct._n but_o of_o this_o enough_o in_o my_o method_n book_n 1_o lesle_n 3._o §_o 11._o etc._n etc._n his_o proof_n of_o it_o be_v very_o plausible_a but_o the_o reader_n may_v observe_v that_o while_n §_o 29._o he_o use_v the_o word_n that_o rational_a spirit_n that_o vital_a union_n he_o suppose_v it_o that_o that_o be_v individual_o the_o same_o instead_o of_o tell_v we_o what_o make_v it_o that_o beside_o that_o he_o throughout_o suppose_v existence_n to_o individuate_v which_o be_v already_o confute_v last_o i_o observe_v that_o to_o make_v good_a his_o distinction_n of_o person_n from_o the_o individual_a substance_n and_o individual_a man_n he_o allege_v that_o a_o hand_n cut_v off_o the_o substance_n be_v vanish_v by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o he_o take_v substance_n go_v not_o for_o the_o thing_n call_v man_n constitute_v by_o a_o soul_n as_o its_o form_n but_o for_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o matter_n or_o the_o figuration_n of_o some_o organise_v part_n whereas_o take_v the_o word_n substance_n as_o he_o ought_v for_o ens_fw-la or_o thing_n no_o alteration_n or_o defalcation_n of_o matter_n quantity_n or_o figure_n etc._n etc._n make_v it_o another_o substance_n or_o another_o thing_n but_o such_o a_o complexion_n of_o accident_n or_o such_o a_o new_a form_n as_o make_v it_o unfit_a for_o its_o primary_n operation_n to_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v as_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a part_n in_o nature_n nor_o can_v this_o argue_v in_o the_o least_o that_o consciousness_n constitute_v personality_n because_o this_o happen_v not_o only_o in_o man_n or_o person_n but_o also_o in_o tree_n and_o dog_n which_o if_o they_o lose_v a_o branch_n or_o a_o leg_n be_v still_o the_o same_o substance_n or_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o same_o tree_n and_o the_o same_o dog_n as_o all_o the_o world_n acknowledge_v reflection_n fifteen_o on_o the_o 28_o 29_o 30_o 31th_o and_o 32th_o chapter_n 1._o the_o 28_o chapter_n of_o other_o relation_n be_v very_o ingenious_a and_o consonant_n to_o his_o his_o own_o principle_n it_o may_v indeed_o shock_n a_o less_o attentive_a reader_n reason_n to_o see_v virtue_n and_o vice_n rate_v or_o even_o so_o much_o as_o name_v so_o from_o the_o respect_n they_o have_v to_o the_o lesbian_a rule_n of_o reputation_n or_o fashion_n call_v in_o scripture_n consuetudo_fw-la saeculi_fw-la which_o the_o more_o libertine_n part_v of_o the_o world_n will_v set_v up_o and_o establish_v as_o a_o kind_n of_o law_n and_o this_o i_o suppose_v be_v the_o occasion_n that_o make_v that_o very_o learned_a and_o worthy_a person_n mr._n loud_a except_o against_o it_o but_o the_o author_n have_v clear_v that_o point_n so_o perfect_o in_o his_o preface_n that_o none_o can_v now_o remain_v dissatisfy_v for_o who_o can_v hinder_v man_n from_o fancy_v and_o name_v thing_n as_o they_o list_v 2._o i_o take_v leave_n to_o discourse_v it_o thus_o the_o word_n virtue_n both_o from_o its_o etymology_n and_o true_a use_n signify_v manly_a or_o become_v a_o man_n take_v he_o according_a to_o his_o genuine_a and_o undepraved_a nature_n give_v he_o by_o god_n that_o be_v right_a reason_n this_o reason_n if_o we_o use_v it_o and_o attend_v to_o it_o will_v give_v we_o the_o knowledge_n of_o a_o deity_n in_o speculative_a man_n by_o way_n of_o demonstration_n in_o other_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o practical_a evidence_n from_o their_o observe_v the_o regular_a and_o constant_a order_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o the_o celestial_a body_n as_o likewise_o by_o their_o scan_n according_a to_o their_o different_a pitch_n the_o solid_a ground_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n reveal_v to_o we_o by_o
sense_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o a_o new_a thing_n be_v make_v it_o be_v not_o create_v or_o make_v of_o nothing_o but_o of_o the_o matter_n that_o pre-existed_n in_o the_o former_a compound_v but_o this_o matter_n alone_o since_o it_o be_v a_o mere_a power_n to_o be_v another_o thing_n be_v of_o its_o own_o notion_n utter_o indeterminate_a which_o be_v the_o true_a sense_n of_o aristotle_n description_n of_o it_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o exist_v or_o a_o thing_n for_o nothing_o in_o common_a can_v exist_v but_o what_o be_v determinate_o this_o therefore_o this_o matter_n or_o power_n needs_o another_o compart_n conceive_v to_o determine_v it_o which_o the_o school_n call_v the_o form_n by_o which_o it_o be_v make_v capable_a to_o be_v or_o a_o thing_n and_o without_o which_o it_o can_v be_v such_o it_o be_v evident_a then_o that_o every_o single_a mode_n or_o accident_n do_v something_o distinguish_v body_n therefore_o such_o a_o complexion_n of_o they_o as_o so_o distinguish_v matter_n that_o it_o make_v it_o differ_v from_o all_o other_o body_n it_o do_v consequent_o determine_v it_o to_o be_v this_o and_o no_o other_o and_o therefore_o constitute_v it_o such_o a_o thing_n or_o constitute_v it_o capable_a to_o exist_v which_o be_v to_o make_v it_o this_o thing_n or_o a_o individuum_fw-la now_o if_o we_o leave_v all_o consideration_n of_o matter_n out_o of_o the_o notion_n of_o body_n and_o make_v it_o consist_v of_o modes_n or_o accident_n only_o as_o he_o seem_v to_o tell_v we_o that_o himself_o and_o cartesius_n do_v we_o must_v put_v those_o mode_n to_o have_v no_o possible_a subject_n but_o to_o hover_v in_o the_o air_n none_o know_v how_o and_o therefore_o we_o must_v needs_o discourse_v incoherent_o and_o be_v too_o hard_a for_o ourselves_o by_o raise_v at_o every_o turn_n puzzle_v difficulty_n we_o can_v solve_v all_o our_o ground_n must_v fail_v we_o when_o we_o do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o the_o mode_n or_o manner_n how_o a_o thing_n be_v and_o the_o thing_n itself_o nor_o do_v i_o think_v cartesius_n hold_v body_n to_o be_v extension_n but_o extend_v matter_n how_o mr._n locke_n come_v not_o to_o treat_v of_o matter_n in_o his_o whole_a book_n i_o know_v not_o but_o i_o fear_v it_o be_v because_o his_o fancy_n can_v frame_v a_o idea_n or_o similitude_n of_o it_o by_o which_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o evident_a that_o very_o many_o of_o his_o idea_n be_v mere_a fancy_n coin_v by_o his_o imagination_n for_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o must_v have_v a_o notion_n of_o it_o since_o he_o very_o well_o know_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o word_n a_fw-la power_n to_o be_v a_o thing_n or_o matter_n which_o mean_v be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o notion_n of_o it_o as_o for_o vacuum_n which_o he_o again_o mention_n here_o my_o demonstration_n against_o it_o be_v in_o short_a this_o wave_v many_o other_o mention_v above_o all_o our_o natural_a notion_n be_v take_v from_o body_n and_o among_o they_o that_o of_o space_n therefore_o they_o be_v nothing_o but_o body_n inadequate_o consider_v and_o either_o body_n or_o some_o mode_n of_o body_n therefore_o whatever_o our_o fancy_n may_v suggest_v it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v space_n where_o there_o be_v no_o body_n since_o the_o mode_n have_v no_o distinct_a entity_n of_o its_o own_o can_v be_v where_o the_o thing_n which_o give_v it_o be_v be_v not_o therefore_o to_o put_v space_n where_o there_o be_v no_o body_n or_o a_o vacuum_n be_v a_o direct_a contradiction_n each_o part_n of_o which_o discourse_n have_v be_v make_v good_a in_o its_o proper_a place_n 12._o in_o his_o second_o instance_n of_o man_n he_o seem_v again_o not_o to_o distinguish_v between_o the_o fancy_n and_o the_o notion_n of_o a_o philosophy_n man_n which_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o method_n book_n 1_o lesle_n 2._o §_o 24._o next_o he_o seem_v not_o to_o reflect_v that_o a_o imperfect_a conception_n of_o the_o thing_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a thing_n confuse_o three_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o man_n do_v only_o err_v or_o discourse_v wrong_a by_o imperfect_o conceive_v through_o this_o reason_n because_o they_o be_v not_o so_o wise_a as_o to_o consider_v that_o there_o may_v be_v more_o modes_n wrap_v up_o in_o the_o thing_n than_o we_o yet_o distinct_o discover_v in_o which_o case_n they_o may_v err_v by_o mis-applying_a their_o general_n maxim_n for_o which_o they_o must_v blame_v themselves_o and_o not_o the_o maxim_n itself_o but_o i_o absolute_o deny_v that_o any_o man_n can_v possible_o have_v the_o true_a and_o distinct_a notion_n of_o man_n unless_o he_o conceive_v he_o to_o be_v rational_a as_o for_o what_o he_o tell_v we_o he_o have_v discourse_v with_o very_o rational_a man_n who_o have_v actual_o deny_v they_o be_v man_n i_o can_v only_o say_v i_o wonder_v how_o they_o escape_v bedlam_n where_o i_o dare_v say_v there_o be_v many_o man_n who_o be_v more_o rational_a than_o they_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o those_o very_a rational_a man_n be_v very_o high-flown_a ideist_n for_o such_o man_n by_o desert_v their_o natural_a notion_n take_v from_o the_o thing_n and_o the_o conduct_n of_o true_a logic_n and_o pore_v perpetual_o on_o their_o own_o interior_a and_o be_v withal_o unable_a to_o see_v the_o difference_n between_o those_o idea_n they_o find_v there_o or_o to_o distinguish_v betwixt_o fancy_n and_o spiritual_a conception_n be_v unless_o they_o be_v otherwise_o master_n of_o a_o excellent_a genius_n connatural_o dispose_v by_o their_o principle_n to_o be_v fanatic_n in_o philosophy_n and_o to_o entertain_v as_o wild_a fancy_n as_o the_o deep_a enthusiast_n witness_v cartesius_n his_o mad_a fit_a of_o enthusiasm_n which_o last_v some_o day_n when_o he_o be_v lay_v his_o principle_n as_o be_v write_v in_o his_o life_n and_o those_o self-stranger_n now_o speak_v of_o who_o actual_o deny_v they_o be_v man_n who_o to_o requite_v mr._n lock_v with_o a_o parallel_n story_n i_o can_v liken_v so_o well_o to_o any_o thing_n as_o to_o a_o famous_a humourist_n one_o john_n band_n who_o serve_v my_o lady_n wootton_n in_o kent_n this_o fellow_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n go_v out_o in_o a_o cart_n draw_v by_o two_o horse_n fall_v asleep_a in_o the_o cart_n the_o horse_n not_o hear_v any_o cry_n gee_o ho_o to_o urge_v they_o forward_o take_v their_o opportunity_n to_o rest_v themselves_o and_o stand_v still_o a_o companion_n of_o his_o come_n by_o and_o see_v how_o matter_n stand_v underpropped_a the_o cart_n take_v out_o the_o horse_n and_o have_v set_v they_o up_o return_v and_o lay_v behind_o the_o hedge_n to_o observe_v how_o john_n will_v behave_v himself_o when_o he_o miss_v his_o horse_n who_o awake_v get_v up_o rub_v his_o eye_n and_o in_o the_o dawn_v of_o his_o reason_n break_v out_o to_o himself_o in_o these_o word_n either_o now_o i_o be_o john_n band_n or_o i_o be_o not_o john_n band_n if_o i_o be_o john_n band_n i_o have_v even_o lose_v two_o horse_n but_o if_o i_o be_o not_o john_n band_n i_o have_v find_v a_o cart._n so_o that_o all_o john_n hope_n be_v that_o he_o be_v not_o himself_o for_o than_o he_o have_v be_v on_o the_o better_a hand_n i_o much_o doubt_n that_o both_o he_o and_o mr._n locke_n rational_a man_n want_v the_o help_n of_o a_o identical_a proposition_n which_o though_o mr._n locke_n hold_v they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o instructive_a will_v have_v make_v they_o all_o so_o wise_a as_o to_o know_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v 13._o but_o to_o be_v serious_a i_o can_v but_o admire_v that_o this_o ingenious_a author_n shall_v in_o his_o 8_o chapter_n so_o ridicule_fw-la ridicule_v identical_a proposition_n or_o esteem_v they_o trifle_a he_o tell_v we_o in_o his_o second_o chapter_n that_o that_o knowledge_n he_o call_v intuitive_a be_v of_o self-evident_a proposition_n and_o identical_a one_o be_v such_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o in_o every_o step_v reason_n make_v in_o demonstrative_a knowledge_n there_o be_v a_o intuitive_a knowledge_n of_o the_o agreement_n or_o disagreement_n of_o our_o idea_n consonant_o to_o which_o i_o have_v demonstrate_v in_o my_o method_n book_n 3_o liss_n 1._o §_o 3._o that_o all_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n which_o give_v the_o nerve_n to_o all_o our_o discourse_n must_v be_v a_o identical_a proposition_n moreover_o he_o say_v chap._n 4._o that_o we_o know_v each_o idea_n to_o be_v itself_o and_o not_o another_o and_o that_o no_o abstract_a idea_n can_v be_v the_o same_o with_o any_o other_o but_o with_o itself_o which_o be_v perfect_o identical_a speech_n and_o equivalent_a to_o these_o the_o same_o be_v the_o same_o with_o itself_o or_o every_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v nay_o and_o general_a maxim_n too_o against_o which_o he_o show_v himself_o much_o offend_v in_o that_o chapter_n
nor_o do_v i_o doubt_v but_o that_o he_o judge_n his_o knowledge_n by_o idea_n be_v refund_v into_o those_o identical_o as_o its_o ground_n as_o will_v be_v show_v short_o now_o after_o all_o this_o to_o rally_v identical_a proposition_n after_o such_o a_o rate_n be_v to_o i_o unintelligible_a but_o i_o shall_v be_v brief_a here_o upon_o this_o subject_a have_v demonstrate_v in_o my_o method_n book_n 2._o lesle_n 2_o and_o 3._o by_o many_o argument_n which_o i_o be_o very_o confident_a be_v unanswerable_a that_o all_o first_o principle_n must_v be_v identical_a proposition_n whence_o either_o those_o argument_n must_v be_v show_v invalid_n or_o it_o must_v be_v forcible_o deny_v by_o he_o that_o there_o be_v any_o first_o principle_n at_o all_o which_o all_o mankind_n unless_o they_o be_v perfect_a sceptic_n do_v grant_v and_o common_a sense_n force_v we_o to_o acknowledge_v for_o if_o there_o be_v no_o supreme_a or_o first_o principle_n it_o be_v impossible_a there_o shall_v be_v any_o inferior_a or_o subordinate_a one_o and_o so_o mankind_n must_v talk_v ramble_o and_o at_o random_n all_o their_o life_n without_o any_o principle_n or_o ground_n at_o all_o but_o wave_v all_o the_o other_o aforesaid_a proof_n i_o will_v beg_v of_o he_o to_o consider_v this_o one_o argument_n we_o may_v speak_v of_o or_o which_o be_v the_o same_o put_v into_o proposition_n all_o other_o consideration_n or_o notion_n of_o the_o thing_n whether_o they_o be_v in_o the_o same_o line_n or_o be_v the_o divers_a modes_n of_o it_o we_o can_v say_v without_o danger_n of_o be_v reproach_v that_o socrates_n be_v a_o man_n a_o animal_n a_o yard_n high_a white_a a_o father_n writing_z etc._n etc._n and_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a case_n if_o we_o may_v not_o be_v allow_v to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o the_o thing_n this_o be_v that_o on_o which_o all_o truth_n be_v build_v and_o without_o which_o all_o we_o can_v say_v will_v be_v false_a and_o all_o the_o world_n a_o chaos_n of_o chimoera_n and_o if_o we_o may_v say_v any_o thing_n of_o it_o i_o defy_v all_o mankind_n to_o show_v i_o that_o that_o say_v can_v be_v any_o other_o but_o a_o identical_a proposition_n this_o be_v so_o i_o allege_v far_o that_o as_o all_o truth_n be_v fundamental_o build_v on_o the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o thing_n so_o all_o formal_a truth_n or_o true_a proposition_n must_v be_v ground_v on_o such_o proposition_n as_o express_v or_o signify_v that_o metaphysical_a verity_n or_o say_v that_o a_o thing_n be_v what_o it_o be_v and_o consequent_o such_o proposition_n and_o only_o such_o can_v be_v first_o principles_n now_o if_o first_o principle_n and_o that_o which_o ground_n all_o the_o force_n of_o consequence_n may_v be_v call_v trifle_a i_o desire_v to_o be_v inform_v what_o can_v be_v call_v solid_a serious_n and_o useful_a 14._o i_o perceive_v by_o mr._n locke_n manage_v his_o discourse_n here_o that_o his_o dislike_n of_o identical_a proposition_n spring_v they_o from_o his_o mistake_n of_o our_o manner_n of_o use_v they_o he_o seem_v to_o imagine_v that_o we_o will_v place_v they_o in_o capite_fw-la libri_fw-la as_o it_o be_v and_o thence_o deduce_v conclusion_n from_o they_o or_o else_o that_o we_o consider_v they_o in_o their_o bare_a self_n without_o relation_n to_o any_o thing_n else_o whence_o he_o with_o good_a reason_n affirm_v they_o do_v not_o instruct_v we_o or_o teach_v we_o any_o thing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o real_a knowledge_n get_v by_o they_o etc._n etc._n but_o the_o business_n be_v quite_o otherwise_o they_o be_v the_o first_o and_o most_o evident_a truth_n fix_v and_o rivet_v by_o rational_a nature_n in_o our_o understanding_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o which_o they_o lie_v perhaps_o unseen_a and_o and_o unreflected_a on_o yet_o so_o that_o they_o give_v the_o perfect_a light_n to_o guide_v all_o our_o thought_n and_o discourse_n whence_o it_o come_v that_o speculater_n do_v by_o art_n what_o the_o 18_o *_o vulgar_a do_v by_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o the_o ultimate_a resort_n of_o all_o their_o persuasion_n and_o endeavour_v to_o reduce_v and_o resolve_v all_o their_o other_o knowledge_n into_o they_o this_o will_v appear_v evident_a to_o any_o man_n who_o reflect_v that_o if_o those_o be_v false_a or_o we_o be_v not_o pre-imbued_a with_o they_o we_o can_v have_v no_o truth_n nor_o any_o knowledge_n at_o all_o they_o be_v such_o deep-laid_a foundation_n that_o all_o science_n be_v raise_v upon_o they_o though_o they_o make_v no_o formal_a appearance_n in_o the_o symmetry_n or_o beauty_n of_o that_o structure_n nay_o even_o those_o who_o rally_v they_o as_o dry_v and_o useless_a must_v be_v force_v for_o their_o own_o interest_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o they_o for_o unless_o mr._n locke_n do_v first_o know_v that_o each_o idea_n he_o have_v be_v itself_o and_o not_o another_o which_o be_v a_o identical_a proposition_n he_o must_v confess_v he_o can_v have_v no_o distinct_a idea_n at_o least_o no_o knowledge_n that_o they_o be_v distinct_a whence_o the_o fabric_n of_o his_o whole_a book_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n after_o which_o kindness_n and_o support_v from_o they_o in_o requital_n to_o call_v they_o trifle_a be_v not_o so_o gentile_a a_o return_n hence_o be_v see_v that_o we_o make_v no_o other_o use_v of_o they_o than_o himself_o do_v and_o must_v do_v or_o neither_o of_o we_o can_v possible_o speak_v one_o word_n of_o sense_n for_o neither_o can_v he_o without_o they_o suppose_v and_o hold_v at_o least_o in_o his_o mind_n if_o not_o express_v be_v certain_a of_o any_o idea_n nor_o we_o of_o any_o notion_n we_o have_v nor_o consequent_o can_v either_o of_o we_o build_v any_o discourse_n upon_o they_o mr._n locke_n acknowledge_v book_n 2._o chap._n 32._o that_o the_o metaphysical_a truth_n of_o his_o idea_n do_v contain_v a_o tacit_fw-la proposition_n which_o be_v so_o what_o blame_v can_v we_o deserve_v for_o speak_v out_o or_o write_v what_o be_v tacit_o in_o our_o mind_n the_o chief_a reason_n why_o we_o put_v those_o tacit_fw-la proposition_n into_o formal_a one_o be_v for_o the_o sceptic_n sake_n who_o have_v a_o utter_a aversion_n against_o metaphysic_n will_v not_o heed_v the_o metaphysical_a verity_n of_o thing_n unless_o it_o be_v produce_v and_o force_v upon_o they_o by_o put_v it_o into_o such_o a_o undeniable_a form_n of_o speech_n as_o all_o mankind_n use_n and_o must_v grant_v whence_o as_o mr._n locke_n confess_v that_o they_o be_v very_o useful_a to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o wrangler_n so_o experience_n teach_v we_o they_o be_v of_o no_o less_o use_v to_o convert_v or_o confute_v sceptic_n nay_o absolute_o necessary_a for_o that_o end_n because_o sceptic_n will_v not_o admit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_a but_o identical_a proposition_n only_o for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v attempt_v in_o my_o method_n to_o give_v some_o hint_n how_o to_o reduce_v all_o other_o to_o they_o i_o once_o think_v to_o have_v write_v a_o particular_a treatise_n on_o that_o subject_a but_o i_o hope_v those_o short_a hint_n i_o give_v there_o may_v excite_v some_o other_o speculater_n to_o perfect_v what_o have_v a_o large_a field_n of_o matter_n to_o pass_v through_o i_o do_v there_o but_o brief_o touch_v upon_o all_o this_o while_n i_o be_o well_o aware_a that_o mr._n locke_n book_n 4._o chap._n 8._o mention_n other_o self-evident_a proposition_n which_o be_v not_o identical_a but_o then_o he_o acknowledge_v withal_o that_o unless_o those_o idea_n which_o make_v the_o two_o term_n of_o those_o proposition_n be_v fix_v in_o their_o own_o nature_n to_o be_v such_o or_o to_o be_v themselves_o only_o and_o therefore_o not_o to_o be_v another_o none_o of_o those_o proposition_n can_v be_v evident_a at_o all_o so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v to_o be_v true_a or_o be_v evident_a but_o by_o have_v recourse_n final_o to_o identical_a proposition_n 15._o another_o sort_n of_o trifle_a proposition_n he_o say_v be_v when_o a_o part_n of_o the_o complex_n idea_n be_v predicate_v of_o the_o name_n of_o part_n the_o whole_a that_o be_v the_o genus_fw-la or_o difference_n of_o the_o species_n i_o answer_v what_o have_v we_o to_o do_v with_o idea_n when_o we_o predicate_v for_o predicate_v be_v the_o say_v something_o of_o another_o which_o we_o call_v the_o subject_a if_o then_o the_o thing_n itself_o be_v not_o predicate_v then_o to_o predicate_v be_v to_o say_v we_o do_v not_o talk_v or_o speak_v of_o it_o but_o perhaps_o of_o our_o own_o fancy_n especial_o since_o mr._n locke_n have_v declare_v b._n 1._o chap._n 2._o §_o 8._o that_o he_o take_v idea_n indifferent_o for_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o phantasm_n or_o by_o notion_n second_o what_o mean_v predicate_v of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o if_o the_o name_n of_o the_o subject_n