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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35722	The artificial clock-maker a treatise of watch, and clock-work, wherein the art of calculating numbers for most sorts of movements is explained to the capacity of the unlearned : also, the history of clock-work, both ancient and modern, with other useful matters, never before published / by W.D.	Derham, W. (William), 1657-1735.	1696 (1696)	Wing D1099; ESTC R24292	51,447	146

THE ARTIFICIAL Clock-maker A Treatise of Watch and Clock-work Wherein the Art of Calculating Numbers For most sorts of MOVEMENTS Is explained to the capacity of the Unlearned ALSO THE History of Clock-work Both Ancient and Modern With other useful matters never before Published By W. D. M. A. LONDON Printed for James Knapton at the Crown in St. Pauls Church-yard 1696. The Preface THe following Book was at first drawn up in a rude manner only to please my self and divert the vacant hours of a Solitary Country Life But it is now published purely in hopes of its doing some good in the World among such whose Genius and Leisure lead them to Mechanical Studies or those whose business and livelihood it is Many there are whose fault or calamity it is to have time lying upon their hands and for want of innocent do betake themselves to hurtful pleasures This is the too common misfortune of Persons of Quality Among some of the courser sort of these if this Book shall find some acceptance it may be a means to compose their loose Spirits and by an innocent guile initiate them in other Studies of greater use to themselves their family and country However it may hinder their commission of many sins which are the effects of idleness If there be any one person in whom these good effects are produced I shall think my idle hours well bestowed and bless God for it However upon the account of the innocence of my end in publishing this Book and that it was written only as the ha●●less I may add also the vertuous sport of leisure hours I think my self excusable to God and the World for the expence of so much time in a subject different from my Profession But besides I think my self under some little obligations of Justice and Charity to publish the ensuing papers for the sake of those whose business the Mechanick part is I take it to be a Charity to the Trade because there are many altho excellent in the working part who are utterly unskilled in the artificial part of it And then it is a debt I pay because I owe somewhat of health as well as diversion to the Study and practice of these sort of Mechanicks And the best requital I can make for my trespass is to publish what I have had better opportunities perhaps of Learning than many Workmen have And further yet there is another rea son which much prevailed with me to publish this Book viz. Because no body that I know of hath prevented me by treating so plainly and intelligibly of this subject as to be understood by a vulgar Workman I have often wondered at it that so useful and delightful a part of Mechanical Mathematicks should lie in any obscurity in an age wherein such vast improvements have been made therein and when many Books are daily published upon every subject I speak here of this Art remaining in obscurity not as if nothing was ever written of it and I the in venter of Automatical Computation But altho I cannot assume the glory of being the first Writer upon this subject yet very few have as yet done it of which I shall next give some account Cardan Kircher and Scottus promised it but I do not find they ever published any thing to the purpose of it Our great Mr. Oughtred I take to be the first that ever wrote to any purpose about the Calculation of Automata And I believe he was the first that brought that Art under Rules in his little treatise called Automtaa This Book was first surreptitiously published in English in a little Book called Horolog Dialogues in the year 1675 and afterwards far more compleatly in Latin at the Theatre in Oxon among Mr. Oughtred s Opusc Mathem in the year 1677. This last edition it was my misfortune not to meet with until it was too late and therefore I have been forced to quote the first and worst in my Book What Mr. Oughtred had wrapt up in ●his Algebraick obscure Characters was afterwards put into plainer Language by that excellent Mathematician Sir Jon. Moor with some additions of his own which you have in his Math. Compend and since him by Mr. Leyborne in his Pleasure with Profit I hope I shall not be judged to have transgressed the Rules of Modesty in coming af●r three such famous men neither should I venture that censure but for two reasons One is I find by experience that what they have written is understood by very few Workmen And therefore I have endeavoured with all industry to make the matter as plain as I could for such For which reason I hope the more learned Reader will excuse my using many words when fewer would have served his turn and that I have condescended to low things and to him needless as teaching the Golden-rule c. The other reason is that what those three have written relates only or chiefly to the Watch-part To which I have added several other things of my own particularly the Calculation of the Clock-part c. I have been forced to reduce to Rules my self and to name no more the Historical part hath not been so much as attempted before that I know of These Reasons will I hope excuse me with the most censorious Reader not only for presuming to write after so accurate a piece as Mr. Oughtred s is but also the Novelty of the subject will I hope procure for me a candid interpretation of the faults and blunders that I may have unwittingly committed To the preceeding account of what others have written which shews what help I have had from printed Books I shall subjoyn my acknowledgments and thanks to the principal of my friends who have given me thei● assistance in compiling this Book But thei● names I shall not make more publick than mine own being unwilling to be discovered my self In the Chap. of the Terms of Art I owe much to the assistance of L. Br .... a judicious Workman in White-chappel who drew me up a Scheme of the Clock-maker s Language In the History of the Modern Inventions I have had among some others the assistance chiefly of the ingenious Dr. H .... and Mr. T .... The former being the Author of some and well acquainted with others of the Mechanical Inventions of that fertile Reign of King Charles the II. and the latter actually concerned in all or most of the late inventions in Clock-work by means of his famed skill in that and other Mechanick operations There are some other contrivances of this last age besides those I have mentioned which I have passed over in silence because either they are only branches or improvements of the inventions I have taken notice of such as several ways of repeating work c. or else they only collaterally relate to Watch-work as the inventions of Cutting-Engines Fusy-Engines c. To treat of all these would swell my Book far beyond its intended bounds which I have already somewhat

this caused several pieces of this nature to be made altho they did not take till after 1675. However he had before so far proceeded herein as to have a Patent drawn tho not sealed for these and some other Contrivances about Watches in the year 1660. But the reason why that Patent did no further proceed was some disagreement about some Articles in it with some Noble Persons who were concerned for the procuring it The same ingenious Dr. had also a Grant for a Patent for this last way of Spring Watches in the year 1675 but he omitted the taking it out as thinking it not worth the while § 7. After these Inventions of Dr. Hook and no doubt after the Publication of Mr. Hugens's book de Horolog Oscil at Paris 1673 for there is not a word of this tho of several other Contrivances after this I say Mr. Hugen's Watch with a Spiral Spring came abroad and made a great noise in England as if the Longitude could be now found One of these the Lord Bruncker sent for out of France where Mr Hugen ● had a Patent for them which I have seen This Watch of Mr. Zulichem's agreed with Dr. Hook's in the application of the Spring to the ballance only Mr. Zulichem's had a longer Spiral Spring and the Pulses and Beats were much slower That wherein it differs is 1. The Verge hath a Pinion instead of Pallets and a Contrate-wheel runs therein and drives it round more than one turn 2. The Pallets are on the Arbor of this Contrate-wheel 3. Then followeth the Crown wheel c. 4. The ballance instead of turning scarce quite round as Dr. Hook's doth turn several rounds every vibration § 8. As to the great abilities of Mr. Hugens no man can doubt that is acquainted with his Books and his share in the Philosophical Transactions c. But I have some reason to doubt whether his fancy was not first set on work by some Intelligence he might have of Dr Hook's Invention from Mr Oldenburgh or others his correspondents here in England But whether or no that ingenious person doth owe any thing herein to our ingenious Dr Hook it is however a very pretty and ingenious contrivance but subject to some defects viz. When it standeth still it will not vibrate until it is set on vibrating which tho it be no defect in a Pendulum Clock may be one in a Pocket-Watch which is exposed to continual jogs Also it doth somewhat vary in its Vibrations making sometimes longer sometimes shorter turns and so some slower some quicker vibrations I have seen some other contrivances of this sort which I mention not because they are of younger standing But these two of Dr Hook and Mr Hugens I have taken notice of because they were the first that ever appeared in the world CHAP. IX The Invention of Repeating Clocks § 1. THe Clocks I now shall speak of are such as by pulling of a String c. do strike the Hour Quarter or Minute at any time of the day and night § 2. These Clocks are a late Invention of one Mr Barlow of no longer standing than the latter end of K. Charles II. about the year 1676. This ingenious Contrivance scarce so much as thought of before soon took air and being talked of among the London Artists set their heads to work who presently contrived several ways to effect such a performance And hence arose the divers ways of Repeating work which so early might be observed to be about the Town every man almost practising according to his own Invention § 3. This Invention was practised chief● if not only in larger Movements 〈◊〉 K. James II.'s Reign at which time it as transferred into Pocket-Clocks But ●ere being some little contest concern●g the Author hereof I shall relate the ●●e matter of fact leaving the Reader to ●own judgment About the latter end of K. James II.'s ●gn Mr Barlow the ingenious Inventer ●ore-mentioned contrived to put his ●ention into Pocket watches and en●voured with the Lord Chief Justice ●bone and some others to get a Patent ●it And in order to it he set Mr Tom● the famous Artist to work upon it ●o accordingly made a Piece according ●is directions ●r Quare a very ingenious Watch ●er in London had some years before 〈◊〉 thinking of the like Invention but bringing it to perfection he laid by thoughts of it until the talk of Mr Bar● Patent revived his former thoughts ●ch he then brought to effect This ●g known among the Watch-makers 〈◊〉 all pressed him to endeavour to hin● Mr Barlow's Patent And accordingly applications were made at Court and a Watch of each Invention produced before the King and Council The King upon tryal of each of them was pleased to give the preference to Mr Quare's of which notice was given soon after in the Gazette The difference between these two Inventions was Mr Barlow's was made to Repeat by pushing in two pieces on each side the Watch-box one of which Repeated the Hour the other the Quarter Mr Quare's was made to Repeat by a● Pin that stuck out near the Pendant which being thrust in as now 't is done by thrusting in the Pendant did Repeat both the Hour and Quarter with the sam● thrust It would I think be very frivolous to● speak of the various contrivances and methods of Repeating work and the Inventers of them and therefore I shall sa● nothing of them CHAP. X. Numbers for several sorts of Movements I Think it may be very convenient to set down some Numbers fit for several Movements partly to be as Examples to exercise the young Reader in the foregoing Art of Calculation and partly to serve such who want leisure or understanding to attain to this Art § 1. But first it may be requisite to shew the usual way of Watch-makers writing down their Numbers which is somewhat different from that in the preceding Book Their way representeth the Wheel and Pinion on the same Spindle not as they play in one another Thus the numbers of an old House-Watch of 12 hours is written thus My way The Watch-makers way 4 48 48 7 56 56 4 6 54 54 7 19 19 6 According to my way the Pin. of Report 4 drives the Dial-wheel 48 the Pinion 7 plays in the Great-wheel 56 c. But according to the other way the Dial-wheel stands alone the Great-wheel hath the Pinion of Report on the same arbor the Wheel 54 hath the Pin 7 and the Crown-wheel 19 the Pin 6 on the same Spindles This latter way tho very inconvenient in Calculation representeth a piece of work handsomely enough and somewhat naturally § 2. Numbers of an 8 day Piece with 16 turns the Barrel the Pend. vibrates Seconds the shews Minutes Seconds c. The Watch-part The Clock part 8 96 8 78 8 60 48 48 6 72 6 48 8 pins 7 56 6 48 30 6 48 In the Watch-part the Wheel 60 is the Minute-wheel which is set in the