be_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o god_n nor_o though_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v possible_a yet_o since_o moses_n be_v silent_a in_o the_o matter_n dare_v any_o one_o pretend_v to_o affirm_v it_o as_o a_o undoubted_a truth_n but_o only_o the_o rabbin_n who_o be_v never_o ashamed_a of_o lie_v and_o who_o assertion_n consequent_o be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v regard_v now_o it_o scarce_o seem_v probable_a that_o so_o many_o name_n and_o the_o particular_n of_o so_o many_o year_n can_v be_v hand_v down_o by_o tradition_n it_o be_v much_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o ancient_a patriarch_n leave_v they_o in_o write_v and_o so_o transmit_v they_o to_o their_o posterity_n which_o monument_n come_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o moses_n he_o diligent_o copy_v and_o connect_v they_o with_o the_o history_n of_o his_o own_o age_n for_o what_o design_n and_o purpose_n we_o shall_v afterward_o inquire_v now_o what_o sort_n of_o write_n they_o be_v and_o how_o numerous_a only_o those_o person_n can_v inform_v we_o who_o live_v in_o those_o time_n if_o they_o be_v restore_v to_o life_n again_o we_o conjecture_v that_o some_o of_o they_o be_v write_v carminibus_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o verse_n of_o the_o same_o termination_n wherein_o we_o shall_v at_o some_o better_a convenience_n show_v the_o poetry_n of_o the_o hebrew_n to_o consist_v habuere_fw-la consist_v lamech_n speech_n gen._n 4.23_o m._n le_fw-fr clerk_n have_v observe_v to_o consist_v of_o word_n of_o the_o same_o termination_n in_o the_o hebrew_n and_o it_o be_v his_o opinion_n that_o moses_n borrow_a abundance_n of_o passage_n from_o ancient_a verse_n in_o which_o antiquity_n use_v to_o preserve_v the_o memory_n of_o all_o remarkable_a transaction_n before_o the_o discovery_n of_o letter_n the_o same_o remark_n he_o make_v upon_o chap._n 7.11_o add_v that_o there_o be_v something_o of_o a_o poetical_a spirit_n in_o the_o latter_a but_o i_o look_v upon_o this_o criticism_n to_o be_v ill_o ground_v for_o why_o may_v not_o such_o a_o passage_n fall_v from_o moses_n unaware_o as_o well_o as_o this_o hexameter_n verse_n from_o tully_n in_o one_o of_o his_o oration_n in_o quâ_fw-la i_o non_fw-la inficior_fw-la mediocriter_fw-la esse_fw-la beside_o who_o will_v conclude_v that_o tacitus_n compile_v his_o history_n out_o of_o poetical_a monument_n because_o he_o begin_v with_o urbem_fw-la roman_n à _fw-la principio_fw-la reges_fw-la habuere_fw-la see_v our_o note_n upon_o chap._n 4.23_o 24._o and_o chap._n 7.11_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o almost_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n preserve_v the_o fragment_n of_o their_o ancient_a history_n in_o verse_n as_o several_a learned_a man_n have_v prove_v and_o it_o appear_v that_o even_o among_o the_o hebrew_n in_o moses_n time_n the_o memory_n of_o great_a action_n be_v celebrate_v in_o verse_n which_o the_o people_n learn_v by_o heart_n as_o the_o song_n of_o moses_n himself_o that_o be_v extant_a both_o in_o exodus_fw-la 15._o and_o deuteronomy_n 32._o demonstrate_v nay_o god_n himself_o command_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v learn_v by_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n as_o we_o find_v in_o deut._n 31.29_o nor_o ought_v any_o one_o to_o wonder_v that_o we_o carry_v the_o beginning_n of_o poetry_n so_o high_a since_o music_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o some_o instrument_n flourish_v even_o before_o the_o deluge_n as_o moses_n express_o tell_v we_o gen._n 4.21_o nay_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o man_n employ_v themselves_o in_o vocal_a music_n before_o they_o think_v of_o the_o instrumental_a but_o though_o some_o few_o memorable_a transaction_n may_v be_v preserve_v in_o verse_n which_o the_o long-lived_a patriarch_n perhaps_o may_v have_v by_o heart_n yet_o a_o chronology_n include_v the_o calculation_n of_o so_o many_o year_n seem_v too_o unruly_a a_o argument_n to_o have_v be_v include_v in_o they_o and_o moses_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v treat_v when_o we_o come_v to_o number_n 21.14_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o we_o read_v in_o the_o pentateuch_n it_o be_v evident_a be_v write_v by_o moses_n himself_o first_o god_n command_v he_o to_o write_v the_o law_n and_o moses_n be_v according_o say_v to_o have_v write_v it_o in_o exodus_fw-la 34.27_o god_n after_o he_o have_v repeat_v the_o chief_a precept_n of_o the_o law_n thus_o speak_v to_o moses_n write_v thou_o these_o word_n for_o after_o the_o tenor_n of_o these_o word_n i_o have_v make_v a_o covenant_n with_o thou_o and_o with_o israel_n but_o in_o exodus_fw-la 24.4_o after_o several_a law_n be_v make_v moses_n be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v all_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o frequent_a mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o book_n of_o the_o covenant_n or_o law_n as_o in_o the_o seven_o verse_n of_o the_o same_o chapter_n in_o deuteronomy_n 28.58_o if_o thou_o will_v not_o observe_v say_v moses_n to_o do_v all_o the_o word_n of_o this_o law_n that_o be_v write_v in_o this_o book_n which_o perhaps_o he_o then_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n see_v likewise_o v._n 61._o and_o chap._n 29.20_o 27._o where_o the_o curse_n be_v say_v to_o be_v write_v in_o it_o this_o do_v moses_n deliver_v to_o the_o levite_n chap._n 31.9_o and_o command_v it_o v._o 26._o to_o be_v put_v in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o ark_n that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o witness_n against_o israel_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o book_n as_o if_o it_o comprehend_v all_o the_o divine_a law_n after_o the_o death_n of_o moses_n joshua_n 1.8_o where_o joshua_n be_v command_v by_o god_n not_o to_o suffer_v that_o book_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n that_o be_v perpetual_o to_o read_v it_o and_o administer_v justice_n to_o the_o people_n out_o of_o the_o law_n deliver_v in_o it_o see_v likewise_o chap._n 8.31_o it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o the_o jew_n by_o the_o word_n thorah_n law_n be_v use_v to_o understand_v the_o whole_a pentateuch_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v of_o a_o doubtful_a signification_n and_o may_v signify_v more_o or_o few_o law_n so_o joshua_n 8.32_o it_o be_v say_v that_o joshua_n write_v a_o copy_n of_o the_o law_n of_o moses_n upon_o twelve_o stone_n of_o a_o altar_n as_o he_o be_v command_v by_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n see_v deut._n 27.2_o 3._o in_o all_o which_o place_n thorah_n signify_v only_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o law_n as_o learned_a man_n have_v observe_v because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o the_o whole_a five_o book_n of_o moses_n to_o be_v write_v upon_o twelve_o stone_n join_v together_o to_o make_v a_o foursquare_a altar_n but_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o place_n abovementioned_a that_o at_o least_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o law_n be_v write_v by_o moses_n and_o indeed_o so_o many_o troublesome_a law_n can_v not_o be_v remember_v unless_o their_o memory_n be_v refresh_v by_o a_o write_a book_n especial_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v observe_v some_o person_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o only_o the_o book_n of_o deuteronomy_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o joshua_n and_o the_o above-cited_n place_n of_o deuteronomy_n and_o that_o afterward_o that_o book_n alone_o be_v find_v in_o the_o time_n of_o josiah_n king_n of_o judah_n but_o although_o deuteronomy_n be_v the_o repetition_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o many_o thing_n be_v there_o brief_o handle_v neither_o be_v they_o so_o clear_o describe_v that_o the_o israelite_n who_o be_v none_o of_o the_o acute_a people_n in_o the_o world_n and_o always_o incline_v to_o idolatry_n can_v have_v a_o accurate_a knowledge_n of_o the_o whole_a law_n only_o out_o of_o that_o book_n and_o therefore_o if_o moses_n design_v to_o have_v it_o all_o observe_v as_o no_o body_n question_n but_o he_o do_v he_o ought_v to_o have_v give_v the_o israelite_n a_o large_a exposition_n of_o it_o and_o this_o he_o actual_o perform_v for_o we_o have_v show_v from_o two_o place_n of_o exodus_fw-la that_o the_o law_n which_o we_o see_v there_o be_v write_v by_o he_o and_o not_o deuteronomy_n alone_o the_o book_n in_o which_o he_o write_v they_o be_v call_v the_o book_n of_o the_o covenant_n exod._n 24.7_o which_o after_o he_o have_v solemn_o read_v before_o the_o people_n without_o question_n he_o do_v not_o throw_v it_o away_o since_o it_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o public_a instrument_n wherein_o be_v preserve_v the_o law_n of_o the_o covenant_n make_v with_o god_n beside_o moses_n write_v some_o other_o treatise_n not_o extant_a in_o deuteronomy_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v discourse_v hereafter_o and_o which_o without_o doubt_n he_o bequeath_v to_o posterity_n since_o they_o have_v arrive_v safe_a to_o our_o hand_n therefore_o the_o abovementioned_a conjecture_n that_o only_a deuteronomy_n be_v leave_v we_o by_o moses_n be_v altogether_o groundless_a and_o contrary_a to_o the_o sacred_a
do_v not_o only_o write_v to_o his_o own_o age_n wherein_o his_o father_n and_o grandfather_n be_v well_o know_v but_o likewise_o to_o the_o follow_a age_n to_o who_o he_o seem_v in_o this_o place_n to_o direct_v his_o discourse_n and_o not_o to_o his_o contemporary_n who_o know_v all_o these_o particular_n well_o enough_o it_o be_v of_o consequence_n for_o they_o to_o know_v that_o aaron_n the_o brother_n of_o moses_n be_v descend_v from_o levi_n and_o that_o he_o be_v the_o first_o head_n of_o the_o sacerdotal_a family_n therefore_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o seem_v strange_a to_o any_o one_o that_o in_o this_o place_n moses_n and_o aaron_n be_v as_o it_o be_v point_v at_o and_o their_o genealogy_n show_v to_o the_o israelite_n of_o future_a age_n 12._o the_o word_n of_o exodus_fw-la 16.35_o be_v allege_v which_o they_o pretend_v can_v not_o be_v write_v till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o moses_n and_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n do_v eat_v manna_n forty_o year_n until_o they_o come_v to_o a_o land_n inhabit_v they_o do_v eat_v manna_n until_o they_o come_v unto_o the_o border_n of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n for_o it_o appear_v from_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o joshua_n that_o manna_n do_v not_o cease_v till_o after_o the_o death_n of_o moses_n to_o this_o some_o answer_n that_o moses_n fore-knew_a as_o be_v evident_a from_o number_n 14.33_o that_o the_o manna_n will_v cease_v after_o the_o end_n of_o forty_o year_n so_o soon_o as_o the_o israelite_n enter_v the_o land_n of_o canaan_n but_o this_o be_v here_o relate_v and_o not_o foretell_v and_o therefore_o moses_n use_v the_o preterperfect_a tense_n comederunt_fw-la do_v eat_v for_o which_o reason_n i_o shall_v rather_o choose_v to_o say_v that_o this_o verse_n as_o well_o as_o some_o more_o have_v be_v add_v to_o the_o text_n by_o way_n of_o parenthesis_n occasion_v by_o what_o immediate_o go_v before_o where_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o a_o omer_n full_a of_o manna_n to_o be_v lay_v up_o in_o the_o ark._n 13._o some_o person_n deny_v the_o follow_a verse_n to_o belong_v to_o moses_n but_o a_o omer_n be_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o ephah_n because_o when_o a_o measure_n be_v in_o use_n it_o be_v not_o customary_a to_o define_v it_o and_o therefore_o they_o believe_v that_o after_o the_o hebrew_n be_v scatter_v into_o several_a country_n and_o consequent_o begin_v to_o use_v the_o measure_n of_o other_o nation_n this_o be_v purposely_o write_v that_o they_o may_v understand_v which_o measure_n be_v mean_v in_o this_o history_n the_o same_o be_v observe_v about_o their_o money_n numb_a 3.47_o chap._n 18.16_o but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o the_o jew_n use_v any_o other_o measure_n in_o palestine_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o necessary_a to_o define_v the_o old_a measure_n nor_o do_v a_o ephah_n seem_v to_o be_v better_o know_v than_o a_o omer_n but_o moses_n who_o institute_v the_o jewish_a commonwealth_n may_v design_o give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o the_o coin_n and_o measure_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v not_o afterward_o be_v change_v 14._o the_o sacred_a historian_n thus_o begin_v deut._n 1.1_o these_o be_v the_o word_n which_o moses_n speak_v to_o all_o israel_n on_o this_o side_n jordan_n in_o the_o wilderness_n from_o whence_o they_o gather_v that_o the_o writer_n of_o this_o book_n be_v then_o in_o canaan_n but_o we_o have_v discuss_v the_o ambiguity_n of_o the_o particle_n bheber_n upon_o yet_o upon_o m._n le_fw-fr clerk_n have_v promise_v the_o world_n a_o paraphrase_n and_o comment_n upon_o the_o other_o four_o book_n of_o moses_n but_o they_o have_v not_o see_v the_o light_n as_o yet_o that_o place_n of_o deuteronomy_n to_o which_o we_o refer_v the_o reader_n 15._o in_o the_o same_o book_n chap._n 2.12_o there_o be_v some_o word_n which_o they_o pretend_v can_v never_o come_v from_o moses_n the_o horim_n dwell_v in_o sur_n before_o time_n but_o the_o child_n of_o eâ—au_n succeed_v they_o when_o they_o have_v destroy_v they_o from_o before_o they_o and_o dwell_v in_o their_o stead_n as_o iâ—rael_n do_v unto_o the_o land_n of_o his_o possession_n but_o at_o that_o time_n when_o moses_n write_v this_o two_o tribe_n and_o a_o half_a have_v already_o settle_v themselves_o near_o the_o head_n of_o jordan_n and_o turn_v out_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n and_o moses_n have_v a_o eye_n to_o that_o 16._o chap._n 3.11_o thus_o the_o sacred_a writer_n speak_v of_o the_o king_n of_o basan_n for_o only_a og_n king_n of_o basan_n remain_v of_o the_o remnant_n of_o giant_n behold_v his_o bedstead_n be_v a_o bedstead_n of_o iron_n be_v it_o not_o in_o rabbah_n of_o the_o child_n of_o ammon_n nine_o cubit_n be_v the_o length_n thereof_o and_o four_o cubit_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o now_o some_o can_v scarce_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o moses_n to_o speak_v thus_o of_o a_o man_n that_o be_v late_o dead_a and_o overcome_v by_o the_o israelite_n and_o who_o bed_n be_v rather_o in_o basan_n of_o which_o territory_n he_o be_v king_n than_o among_o the_o ammonite_n who_o be_v none_o of_o his_o subject_n but_o moses_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o a_o thing_n which_o be_v well_o know_v at_o that_o time_n indeed_o but_o will_v have_v be_v unknown_a to_o posterity_n unless_o he_o have_v deliver_v it_o in_o writing_n as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o bed_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v carry_v into_o another_o kingdom_n who_o can_v tell_v but_o since_o there_o be_v no_o absurdity_n in_o this_o story_n nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v from_o a_o thing_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v altogether_o unknown_a 17._o in_o the_o same_o chapter_n v._o 14._o we_o meet_v with_o the_o follow_a passage_n jair_v the_o son_n of_o manasseh_n take_v all_o the_o country_n of_o argob_n unto_o the_o coast_n of_o geshuri_n and_o maacathi_o and_o call_v they_o after_o his_o own_o name_n bashan-havoth-jair_a unto_o this_o day_n we_o shall_v handle_v this_o matter_n more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o commentary_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n if_o this_o be_v add_v by_o a_o late_a hand_n yet_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v from_o thence_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n be_v not_o write_v by_o moses_n 18._o we_o will_v not_o deny_v the_o last_o chapter_n of_o deuteronomy_n to_o be_v write_v by_o some_o one_o else_o where_o moses_n go_v up_o to_o mount_n nebo_n and_o his_o death_n be_v relate_v and_o yet_o all_o the_o forego_n chapter_n be_v not_o therefore_o to_o be_v give_v away_o from_o he_o we_o may_v easy_o suppose_v that_o this_o book_n be_v supply_v by_o another_o hand_n which_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n imperfect_a if_o it_o have_v not_o end_v with_o the_o death_n of_o moses_n but_o those_o jew_n that_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o moses_n foretell_v all_o these_o thing_n as_o be_v assist_v by_o a_o prophetical_a spirit_n do_v not_o deserve_v to_o be_v hear_v what_o can_v be_v say_v more_o plain_o to_o make_v we_o understand_v that_o these_o thing_n be_v write_v long_o after_o moses_n death_n than_o what_o we_o find_v in_o the_o three_o last_o verse_n iv_o hence_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o these_o eighteen_o place_n which_o be_v common_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o pentateuch_n to_o be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n that_o most_o of_o they_o be_v doubtful_a and_o consequent_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o argument_n to_o prove_v these_o five_o book_n to_o belong_v to_o another_o age._n very_o few_o of_o they_o manifest_o seem_v to_o be_v add_v by_o another_o hand_n and_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o hinder_v why_o we_o shall_v not_o ascribe_v these_o volume_n to_o moses_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n some_o ancient_a grammarian_n tell_v we_o there_o be_v several_a verse_n here_o and_o there_o insert_v into_o homer_n poem_n yet_o no_o one_o from_o thence_o take_v occasion_n to_o deny_v that_o the_o iliad_n and_o the_o odyssey_n be_v write_v by_o homer_n we_o must_v not_o imagine_v that_o in_o former_a age_n they_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o book_n or_o so_o many_o copy_n of_o the_o same_o book_n as_o now_o we_o have_v and_o so_o it_o may_v easy_o happen_v that_o in_o succeed_a time_n one_o of_o the_o prophet_n may_v make_v some_o addition_n to_o moses_n which_o afterward_o be_v incorporate_v with_o all_o the_o copy_n indeed_o if_o it_o do_v not_o otherwise_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o great_a part_n by_o far_o of_o the_o pentateuch_n be_v write_v by_o moses_n i_o confess_v there_o will_v be_v great_a weight_n in_o the_o abovementioned_a objection_n to_o incline_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o these_o volume_n be_v write_v much_o late_a than_o be_v common_o pretend_v but_o since_o we_o have_v prove_v it_o beyond_o all_o manner_n of_o doubt_n that_o almost_o all_o the_o
mediterranean-sea_n and_o the_o jordan_n but_o by_o no_o mean_n bring_v it_o thither_o out_o of_o chaldaea_n neither_o can_v i_o discover_v after_o the_o severe_a examination_n the_o least_o absurdity_n in_o this_o opinion_n for_o here_o we_o have_v a_o chaldean_a remove_n himself_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n into_o another_o country_n and_o have_v past_o the_o euphrates_n and_o jordan_n wander_v up_o and_o down_o canaan_n for_o a_o hundred_o year_n enter_v into_o covenant_n with_o the_o old_a inhabitant_n acquire_v a_o prodigious_a wealth_n among_o they_o marry_v several_a concubine_n get_v child_n life_n in_o mighty_a credit_n and_o reputation_n and_o consequent_o have_v frequent_a conversation_n with_o they_o now_o after_o all_o this_o can_v any_o one_o think_v it_o strange_a that_o he_o learn_v a_o language_n which_o have_v so_o great_a a_o affinity_n with_o his_o own_o mother-tongue_n and_o that_o his_o whole_a family_n conform_v themselves_o in_o their_o speech_n to_o the_o native_n of_o the_o place_n add_v to_o this_o that_o isaac_n pass_v his_o whole_a and_o jacob_n the_o better_a part_n of_o his_o life_n among_o they_o that_o the_o child_n of_o they_o both_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o the_o same_o country_n and_o have_v their_o wife_n from_o thence_o so_o that_o upon_o a_o due_a survey_n of_o the_o matter_n it_o have_v be_v a_o downright_a miracle_n if_o they_o have_v still_o preserve_v the_o chaldean_a tongue_n so_o little_a reason_n have_v we_o to_o wonder_v that_o the_o canaanitish_a language_n become_v familiar_a to_o these_o people_n and_o therefore_o i_o look_v upon_o that_o opinion_n to_o be_v ill_o ground_v which_o suppose_v that_o the_o israelite_n speak_v a_o different_a language_n from_o the_o people_n of_o canaan_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o isaiah_n plain_o call_v hebrew_n the_o language_n of_o canaan_n chap._n 19.18_o in_o that_o day_n say_v he_o there_o shall_v be_v five_o city_n in_o the_o land_n of_o egypt_n which_o shall_v speak_v the_o lip_n of_o canaan_n which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v the_o language_n of_o canaan_n for_o the_o word_n lip_n both_o there_o and_o in_o gen._n 11.1_o signify_v speech_n because_o the_o lip_n be_v no_o less_o serviceable_a in_o speak_v than_o the_o tongue_n itself_o nor_o be_v this_o opinion_n support_v by_o bare_a probability_n or_o to_o be_v call_v a_o conjecture_n mere_o deduce_v from_o the_o name_n for_o bochart_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o canaan_n chap._n 1._o have_v full_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v ground_v upon_o truth_n which_o we_o shall_v lay_v down_o before_o the_o reader_n in_o a_o few_o word_n because_o in_o some_o particular_n we_o dissent_v from_o that_o admirable_a man._n his_o first_o and_o strong_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o language_n of_o the_o canaanite_n to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v bring_v from_o the_o name_n of_o man_n and_o place_n which_o be_v pure_o hebrew_a n._n fuller_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o his_o miscellany_n chap._n 4._o maintain_v the_o contrary_a opinion_n though_o i_o grant_v say_v he_o all_o those_o name_n to_o be_v pure_o hebrew_a yet_o i_o deny_v that_o any_o of_o they_o be_v canaanitish_a name_n or_o give_v by_o those_o people_n i_o rather_o believe_v that_o the_o old_a name_n that_o be_v impose_v by_o the_o canaanite_n the_o primitive_a inhabitant_n of_o that_o country_n be_v afterward_o pronounce_v and_o expound_v by_o the_o hebrew_n who_o succeed_v they_o in_o that_o land_n after_o the_o hebrew_n manner_n which_o hypothesis_n be_v it_o true_a no_o argument_n can_v be_v form_v out_o of_o the_o antediluvian_n name_n to_o prove_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n and_o yet_o fuller_n will_v not_o willing_o grant_v this_o nor_o indeed_o any_o of_o the_o patron_n of_o this_o opinion_n but_o in_o truth_n this_o be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o chimaera_n to_o which_o the_o holy_a scripture_n give_v not_o the_o least_o countenance_n for_o though_o we_o shall_v allow_v that_o some_o of_o these_o word_n be_v disguise_v with_o a_o hebrew_n sound_n and_o termination_n yet_o who_o can_v imagine_v that_o all_o of_o they_o be_v serve_v after_o this_o manner_n and_o that_o neither_o moses_n nor_o joshua_n shall_v in_o one_o single_a line_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o change_v all_o the_o name_n before_o the_o israelite_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n now_o beside_o that_o this_o be_v altogether_o incredible_a and_o without_o precedent_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n that_o demonstrate_v it_o to_o be_v absolute_o false_a one_o be_v that_o moses_n and_o joshua_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o the_o alteration_n make_v in_o several_a name_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o be_v the_o particular_a case_n of_o some_o few_o city_n and_o not_o common_a to_o they_o all_o consult_v gen._n 23.2_o as_o also_o numb_a 32.38_o and_o joshua_n 15.13_o 14._o c._n 19.47_o the_o other_o be_v that_o not_o only_o the_o name_n of_o those_o city_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o israelite_n be_v of_o hebrew_n extraction_n but_o also_o of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n which_o they_o have_v not_o subdue_v as_o gaza_n asdod_n gâ—th_n hekron_n ascalon_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o philistine_n tyrus_n sidon_n barepta_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o canaanean_a original_a of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n be_v deduce_v from_o hence_o that_o though_o the_o sacred_a writer_n express_o tell_v we_o that_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n be_v of_o a_o language_n different_a from_o the_o hebrew_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o thing_n like_o this_o say_v of_o the_o canaanite_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n that_o this_o be_v frequent_o observe_v of_o the_o chaldean_n the_o people_n of_o egypt_n be_v call_v lohez_n psalm_n 114.1_o that_o be_v to_o say_v barbarous_a beside_o there_o be_v a_o interpreter_n between_o joseph_n who_o pretend_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o egyptian_a and_o his_o brethren_n see_v gen._n 42.23_o likewise_o psal_n 81.6_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n though_o the_o hebrew_n maintain_v such_o frequent_a correspondence_n with_o the_o canaanite_n and_o transact_v so_o much_o business_n with_o they_o from_o abraham_n down_o to_o joshua_n yet_o we_o find_v not_o the_o least_o mention_n of_o a_o interpreter_n pass_v between_o they_o the_o three_o argument_n arise_v from_o the_o very_a use_n of_o the_o interpreter_n who_o joseph_n employ_v for_o if_o only_a jacob_n family_n speak_v hebrew_n how_o be_v it_o possible_a for_o joseph_n to_o get_v a_o interpreter_n he_o can_v have_v no_o other_o but_o some_o fugitive_n servant_n who_o will_v have_v soon_o know_v both_o joseph_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o four_o be_v by_o bochart_n derive_v from_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o phoenician_n tongue_n which_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o canaan_n he_o imply_v demonstrate_v to_o be_v pure_o hebrew_n we_o shall_v add_v a_o five_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o manifest_a footstep_n of_o paganism_n that_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v trace_v in_o this_o language_n for_o since_o tongue_n be_v image_n of_o the_o sentiment_n of_o our_o mind_n and_o be_v form_v and_o model_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o people_n that_o use_v they_o it_o can_v otherwise_o happen_v but_o that_o the_o common_a speech_n of_o any_o country_n must_v derive_v a_o great_a tincture_n from_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n thus_o learned_a critic_n have_v observe_v that_o the_o arabian_n have_v more_o than_o five_o hundred_o name_n for_o a_o lion_n more_o than_o a_o thousand_o for_o a_o sword_n two_o hundred_o at_o least_o for_o a_o serpent_n and_o fourscore_o for_o honey_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o be_v because_o the_o arabian_n use_v frequent_o to_o talk_v of_o these_o thing_n since_o their_o country_n be_v so_o pester_v with_o lion_n and_o serpent_n be_v inhabit_v by_o a_o warlike_a people_n and_o abound_v in_o honey_n it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o observe_v both_o in_o the_o greek_a and_o latin_a tongue_n though_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o all_o other_o argument_n which_o be_v indeed_o innumerable_a that_o the_o greek_n and_o latin_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o god_n behold_v the_o action_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v faithful_a witness_n of_o the_o truth_n from_o those_o frequent_a form_n of_o swear_v which_o they_o use_v so_o everlasting_o in_o all_o their_o conversation_n i_o will_v not_o give_v myself_o the_o trouble_n to_o confirm_v a_o truth_n which_o be_v support_v by_o so_o many_o example_n not_o to_o mention_v the_o custom_n of_o all_o the_o modern_a language_n but_o come_v immediate_o to_o the_o point_n the_o hebrew_n tongue_n which_o flourish_v and_o be_v for_o some_o time_n cultivate_v by_o the_o canaanite_n a_o people_n who_o have_v strange_a notion_n of_o the_o divinity_n and_o be_v infect_v with_o polytheism_n retain_v
and_o in_o abundance_n of_o other_o place_n but_o then_o that_o very_a liberty_n they_o assume_v to_o themselves_o of_o guess_v be_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n that_o it_o be_v not_o general_o believe_v at_o that_o time_n that_o the_o copy_n be_v free_a from_o fault_n since_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o correction_n so_o often_o beside_o we_o find_v that_o the_o book_n which_o the_o masorite_n make_v use_v of_o and_o be_v of_o venerable_a antiquity_n without_o question_n have_v frequent_o fault_n in_o the_o text._n the_o text._n chetib_n which_o be_v amend_v in_o the_o margin_n the_o margin_n keri_n and_o which_o be_v often_o want_v in_o the_o samaritan_n copy_n as_o for_o instance_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d finalis_fw-la which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o samaritan_n be_v often_o omit_v in_o the_o word_n naharah_n a_o girl_n which_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v leave_v out_o and_o hi_o be_v frequent_o read_v for_o how_o which_o general_o speak_v be_v amend_v in_o the_o samaritan_n book_n it_o be_v true_a these_o and_o some_o other_o of_o the_o like_a nature_n be_v but_o small_a inconsiderable_a mistake_v however_o they_o show_v that_o mistake_v may_v creep_v in_o and_o indeed_o do_v creep_v into_o the_o text_n and_o if_o they_o do_v it_o in_o a_o word_n so_o common_a and_o easy_a as_o naharah_n certain_o they_o will_v much_o soon_o do_v so_o in_o a_o obscure_a difficult_a and_o rare_a word_n especial_o where_o the_o sense_n be_v abrupt_a and_o the_o series_n of_o the_o oration_n do_v not_o help_v out_o the_o transcriber_n who_o do_v not_o understand_v it_o nevertheless_o because_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n be_v more_o frequent_o read_v than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o be_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v understand_v i_o must_v own_v there_o be_v but_o few_o fault_n in_o they_o and_o those_o of_o small_a importance_n and_o moreover_o that_o our_o copy_n i_o mean_v that_o of_o the_o masorite_n seem_v to_o be_v more_o correct_a than_o the_o samaritan_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v all_o along_o faithful_o set_v it_o down_o not_o so_o much_o as_o change_v a_o letter_n as_o i_o hint_v above_o some_o fault_n be_v leave_v by_o the_o masorite_n which_o may_v have_v be_v amend_v but_o it_o be_v better_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o those_o very_a fault_n shall_v be_v leave_v in_o the_o copy_n than_o that_o it_o shall_v smell_v too_o much_o of_o a_o critical_a hand_n which_o i_o have_v often_o observe_v in_o the_o samaritan_n though_o it_o be_v not_o without_o its_o fault_n as_o learned_a man_n have_v long_a since_o take_v notice_n after_o all_o to_o deliver_v my_o own_o sentiment_n upon_o a_o serious_a examination_n of_o the_o whole_a matter_n i_o be_o clear_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o book_n of_o great_a antiquity_n have_v arrive_v to_o our_o hand_n so_o correct_v as_o be_v the_o holy_a write_n of_o the_o hebrew_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v much_o the_o old_a of_o any_o i_o mean_v those_o that_o be_v copy_v out_o by_o the_o diligence_n of_o the_o masorite_n and_o so_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n and_o that_o this_o do_v not_o happen_v without_o a_o particular_a providence_n which_o have_v hitherto_o so_o miraculous_o preserve_v the_o sacred_a history_n and_o the_o revelation_n of_o the_o prophet_n for_o the_o common_a benefit_n and_o use_v of_o mankind_n no_o man_n be_v better_a satisfy_v than_o myself_o i_o have_v likewise_o frequent_o in_o this_o book_n defend_v the_o common_a readins_n against_o the_o conjecture_n of_o learned_a man_n as_o any_o one_o may_v see_v that_o will_v peruse_v my_o annotation_n at_o the_o same_o time_n i_o free_o own_o that_o the_o most_o indefatigable_a and_o judicious_a lud._n cappel_n have_v infinite_o deserve_v of_o the_o sacred_a learning_n by_o his_o critica_fw-la sacra_fw-la and_o arcanum_n punctuationis_fw-la to_o speak_v ingenuous_o most_o of_o his_o opinion_n do_v extreme_o please_v i_o and_o i_o have_v set_v they_o down_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v so_o many_o demonstration_n but_o since_o i_o be_v oblige_v to_o choose_v one_o certain_a edition_n to_o follow_v and_o that_o the_o most_o accurate_a i_o have_v only_o follow_v the_o masoritick_n copy_n in_o my_o translation_n as_o be_v the_o most_o correct_a of_o all_o and_o yet_o i_o have_v not_o neglect_v to_o set_v down_o in_o my_o commentary_n all_o the_o various_a lection_n out_o of_o the_o samaritan_n and_o the_o ancient_a interpreter_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v of_o any_o moment_n but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o follow_a dissertation_n dissertation_n ii_o of_o the_o best_a manner_n of_o interpret_n the_o bible_n i._o the_o end_n of_o this_o dissertation_n ii_o what_o it_o be_v to_o interpret_v and_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o that_o method_n which_o we_o have_v follow_v iii_o how_o difficult_a a_o matter_n it_o be_v to_o interpret_v the_o holy_a write_n iu._n what_o seem_v the_o best_a way_n to_o attempt_v it_o v._o hebraism_n after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o be_v translate_v vi_o the_o difficulty_n of_o turn_v the_o hebrew_n particle_n into_o latin_n vii_o what_o trouble_v there_o be_v in_o a_o narration_n that_o consist_v of_o preterperfect_a or_o future_a tense_n join_v together_o by_o the_o conjunction_n vau._n viii_o the_o masorite_n copy_n to_o be_v follow_v as_o the_o most_o correct_v ix_o what_o assistance_n be_v to_o be_v have_v out_o of_o the_o old_a and_o modern_a interpreter_n x._o what_o help_v the_o neighbour_a language_n afford_v xi_o of_o what_o great_a use_n the_o compare_v of_o several_a place_n of_o scripture_n be_v xii_o what_o help_n may_v be_v safe_o borrow_v from_o etymology_n xiii_o that_o the_o error_n of_o some_o late_a interpreter_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o avoid_v now_o than_o in_o the_o last_o age._n since_o after_o the_o labour_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n who_o both_o in_o this_o and_o especial_o the_o last_o age_n have_v endeavour_v to_o interpret_v the_o holy_a scripture_n it_o be_v my_o lot_n also_o to_o undertake_v the_o same_o province_n i_o think_v it_o but_o necessary_a to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n upon_o what_o motive_n i_o attempt_v and_o after_o what_o manner_n i_o have_v perform_v it_o i_o be_o sensible_a that_o i_o have_v engage_v not_o only_o in_o a_o very_a difficult_a but_o a_o most_o invidious_a affair_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o different_a party_n and_o faction_n that_o disturb_v the_o repose_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n for_o in_o a_o business_n of_o this_o nature_n if_o a_o man_n do_v not_o do_v something_o singular_a to_o distinguish_v he_o from_o the_o rest_n he_o must_v expect_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o contempt_n and_o laughter_n of_o the_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a and_o if_o he_o advance_v any_o thing_n unheard_a of_o and_o untouched_a before_o which_o i_o dare_v presume_v to_o say_v be_v no_o easy_a matter_n for_o his_o recompense_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o incur_v the_o hatred_n and_o malice_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o as_o it_o be_v manage_v by_o the_o divine_n now_o a-days_o nevertheless_o after_o i_o have_v serious_o revolve_v all_o this_o in_o my_o mind_n i_o be_v at_o last_o determine_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o philo_n judaeus_n who_o after_o he_o have_v commend_v the_o divine_a volume_n of_o moses_n as_o they_o deserve_v and_o show_v what_o a_o fatigue_n and_o trouble_v his_o interpreter_n must_v expect_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n yet_o we_o must_v not_o therefore_o desist_v but_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o piety_n strive_v to_o say_v something_o above_o our_o power_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o humane_a mind_n to_o aspire_v that_o be_v possess_v with_o the_o love_n and_o desire_v of_o wisdom_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o book_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v therefore_o with_o god_n assistance_n as_o i_o hope_v undertake_v this_o difficult_a affair_n i_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v neither_o to_o disgust_v the_o nice_a reader_n with_o any_o nauseous_a repetition_n nor_o disoblige_v the_o lover_n of_o antiquity_n with_o any_o new_a doctrine_n after_o what_o manner_n i_o have_v accomplish_v it_o i_o design_v to_o lay_v open_a in_o this_o dissertation_n as_o plain_o as_o i_o can_v but_o first_o of_o all_o i_o shall_v show_v with_o what_o difficulty_n i_o struggle_v and_o by_o what_o mean_v i_o be_v able_a to_o overcome_v they_o and_o in_o this_o age_n particular_o better_o than_o can_v be_v do_v in_o the_o last_o not_o that_o we_o pretend_v to_o a_o great_a share_n of_o judgement_n but_o because_o we_o have_v much_o better_a help_n now_o to_o enable_v we_o to_o surmount_v they_o ii_o before_o we_o come_v to_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o holy_a book_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o remind_v
they_o as_o be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n that_o nothing_o ought_v to_o be_v despise_v which_o tend_v to_o perspicuity_n and_o the_o convenience_n of_o the_o reader_n nor_o will_v any_o one_o as_o we_o imagine_v blame_v these_o our_o division_n as_o if_o they_o contradict_v what_o we_o so_o solemn_o profess_v before_o viz._n that_o we_o will_v follow_v the_o copy_n of_o the_o masorite_n for_o though_o these_o division_n be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o perspicuity_n and_o order_n yet_o they_o make_v not_o the_o least_o alteration_n in_o the_o read_n or_o pronounce_v of_o word_n in_o which_o two_o respect_n we_o say_v we_o look_v upon_o these_o copy_n to_o be_v the_o most_o correct_a of_o all_o we_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v not_o be_v displease_v that_o after_o the_o example_n of_o several_a modern_a interpreter_n we_o have_v not_o write_v the_o proper_a name_n as_o they_o be_v now_o a-days_o read_v by_o the_o jew_n our_o ear_n have_v be_v so_o long_o accustom_a to_o they_o that_o we_o can_v scarce_o endure_v those_o that_o either_o speak_v or_o pronounce_v they_o otherwise_o for_o who_o with_o any_o patience_n can_v hear_v a_o fellow_n thunder_n out_o chenahan_n jitschak_n jahacob_n mosche_n jehoschubak_v etc._n etc._n as_o those_o name_n be_v pronounce_v by_o the_o jew_n according_a to_o the_o roughness_n of_o their_o language_n there_o be_v also_o several_a word_n that_o be_v otherwise_o read_v by_o the_o lxx_o interpreter_n than_o they_o be_v by_o the_o masorite_n as_o jerusalem_n not_o jerusalaim_v nabuchodonosor_n not_o nebuchadnetsar_n and_o suchlike_a which_o of_o they_o pronounce_v the_o right_a we_o shall_v not_o now_o inquire_v for_o we_o do_v not_o regard_v the_o thing_n itself_o but_o only_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n from_o the_o beginning_n but_o then_o we_o observe_v this_o conduct_n to_o set_v down_o the_o more_o celebrate_v and_o usual_a name_n after_o the_o christian_a manner_n and_o the_o less_o know_v and_o frequent_a after_o 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a_o h_n though_o it_o be_v of_o a_o different_a sound_n but_o we_o can_v not_o think_v of_o a_o better_a pe_n like_o the_o φ_n of_o the_o greek_n tsaddi_n like_o it_o be_v koph_n like_o k_o schin_n always_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n that_o be_v as_o ch_z be_v pronounce_v by_o the_o french_a sch_fw-mi by_o the_o german_n sh_n by_o the_o english_a and_o last_o tau_n like_o the_o greek_a θ._n we_o can_v give_v our_o reason_n for_o this_o way_n of_o pronunciation_n if_o they_o will_v not_o take_v up_o too_o much_o room_n in_o this_o dissertation_n but_o those_o that_o be_v not_o so_o well_o verse_v in_o these_o thing_n may_v consult_v drusius_n old_a hebrew_n alphabet_n but_o as_o we_o hint_v before_o in_o the_o more_o remarkable_a name_n we_o have_v have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o custom_n than_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o letter_n and_o at_o other_o time_n think_v it_o sufficient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o latin_a letter_n that_o near_o resemble_v they_o ix_o forasmuch_o as_o we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o translate_v and_o write_v annotation_n upon_o the_o sacred_a volume_n of_o the_o hebrew_n after_o so_o many_o learned_a man_n we_o free_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o have_v all_o along_o make_v use_n of_o the_o labour_n of_o other_o writer_n and_o derive_v considerable_a assistance_n from_o they_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o profess_v that_o we_o have_v always_o consult_v the_o old_a and_o modern_a translation_n in_o all_o difficult_a place_n but_o so_o as_o never_o to_o give_v a_o blind_a assent_n to_o what_o they_o say_v but_o especial_o the_o modern_n we_o weigh_v and_o examine_v every_o word_n and_o expression_n if_o it_o contain_v any_o difficulty_n with_o no_o less_o care_n and_o application_n than_o if_o no_o one_o have_v go_v this_o way_n before_o we_o and_o therefore_o explain_v the_o reason_n of_o they_o which_o we_o know_v to_o be_v certain_o so_o yet_o a_o vast_a difference_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o ancient_n and_o the_o late_a version_n which_o we_o have_v accurate_o observe_v for_o since_o as_o we_o take_v notice_n in_o the_o former_a dissertation_n the_o ancient_a interpreter_n be_v able_a to_o know_v the_o signification_n of_o word_n and_o phrase_n from_o the_o use_n of_o the_o language_n then_o in_o be_v their_o very_a authority_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v despise_v when_o it_o oppose_v no_o reason_n deduce_v from_o grammar_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n the_o opinion_n of_o the_o modern_a interpreter_n unless_o they_o be_v support_v by_o the_o truth_n aught_o to_o be_v little_o regard_v because_o they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n to_o find_v out_o the_o mean_v of_o the_o scripture_n but_o by_o long_a study_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v unless_o they_o give_v substantial_a ground_n for_o what_o they_o avouch_v this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o we_o seldom_o borrow_a any_o testimony_n from_o the_o new_a translation_n because_o that_o after_o all_o the_o plausible_a reason_n they_o give_v for_o their_o particular_a version_n yet_o whether_o the_o authority_n of_o their_o translation_n go_v for_o or_o against_o we_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o of_o no_o weight_n at_o all_o however_o we_o will_v not_o be_v so_o misunderstand_a as_o if_o we_o despise_v they_o since_o we_o have_v frequent_o use_v they_o with_o great_a advantage_n on_o our_o side_n but_o we_o think_v ourselves_o oblige_v to_o make_v this_o open_a confession_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v once_o for_o all_o why_o we_o allege_v their_o authority_n so_o seldom_o beside_o all_o or_o most_o of_o their_o version_n can_v not_o be_v compare_v without_o too_o great_a a_o fatigue_n to_o the_o reader_n and_o too_o tiresome_a a_o prolixity_n nor_o censure_v without_o incur_v the_o envy_n of_o several_a ill-disposed_a person_n which_o we_o will_v willing_o avoid_v wherefore_o we_o think_v it_o more_o advise_v to_o omit_v all_o the_o modern_a version_n whatever_o and_o only_o to_o take_v our_o testimony_n from_o the_o ancient_n and_o to_o compare_v they_o one_o with_o another_o though_o we_o be_v far_o from_o pretend_v to_o give_v a_o accurate_a collation_n of_o they_o this_o will_v have_v prove_v too_o tedious_a a_o work_n and_o indeed_o far_o different_a from_o our_o design_n who_o intend_v to_o find_v out_o what_o the_o sacred_a writer_n mean_v and_o not_o how_o often_o or_o how_o much_o the_o interpreter_n have_v deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n we_o have_v likewise_o consult_v the_o annotation_n and_o commentary_n of_o several_a writer_n but_o more_o especial_o have_v we_o read_v over_o a_o far_o great_a number_n of_o book_n that_o have_v occasional_o treat_v of_o sacred_a thing_n and_o explain_v several_a passage_n of_o scripture_n out_o of_o all_o these_o whatever_o seem_v necessary_a and_o to_o the_o purpose_n have_v we_o insert_v into_o our_o commentary_n and_o indeed_o we_o have_v general_o cite_v the_o name_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o as_o for_o those_o who_o have_v profess_o write_v upon_o the_o sacred_a book_n we_o have_v more_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o their_o name_n because_o as_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o consult_v so_o large_a collection_n out_o of_o their_o book_n be_v in_o every_o body_n hand_n our_o principal_a aim_n be_v to_o set_v down_o those_o observation_n by_o which_o we_o believe_v the_o scripture_n may_v be_v illustrate_v and_o not_o to_o swell_v our_o volume_n with_o a_o catalogue_n of_o name_n which_o have_v no_o authority_n in_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o as_o we_o say_v before_o we_o have_v more_o frequent_o cite_v by_o name_n those_o that_o have_v not_o write_v a_o continue_a commentary_n as_o well_o out_o of_o gratitude_n because_o some_o of_o they_o have_v give_v we_o much_o great_a help_n than_o all_o the_o commentator_n put_v together_o as_o also_o because_o
by_o what_o mean_n say_v isaac_n vossius_fw-la p._n 398._o can_v that_o animal_n for_o instance_n which_o from_o the_o slowness_n of_o its_o motion_n be_v call_v the_o lazy_a arrive_v to_o noah_n ark_n and_o travel_v so_o many_o mile_n which_o after_o its_o own_o natural_a pace_n it_o can_v not_o perform_v in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o year_n let_v the_o patron_n of_o a_o universal_a deluge_n likewise_o inform_v we_o after_o what_o manner_n id._n p._n 186._o these_o animal_n leave_v noah_n ark_n and_o the_o ancient_a world_n find_v their_o way_n into_o america_n and_o land_n that_o be_v disjoin_v by_o a_o vast_a ocean_n another_o absurdity_n too_o will_v follow_v which_o be_v this_o that_o such_o innumerable_a sort_n of_o creature_n which_o be_v unknown_a to_o our_o world_n both_o former_o and_o now_o shall_v pass_v through_o such_o mighty_a tract_n of_o ground_n and_o not_o leave_v any_o remainder_n of_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o their_o former_a habitation_n six_o the_o very_a build_n of_o the_o ark_n present_v we_o with_o no_o less_o difficulty_n if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n believe_v viz._n that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a receptacle_n of_o all_o beast_n and_o that_o we_o can_v name_v one_o animal_n who_o posterity_n do_v not_o come_v out_o of_o this_o mansion_n if_o we_o only_o compute_v those_o creature_n which_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o the_o old_a world_n yet_o the_o room_n which_o the_o scripture_n allow_v for_o this_o ark_n can_v not_o contain_v so_o many_o different_a species_n and_o the_o food_n that_o be_v necessary_a to_o maintain_v they_o so_o long_o but_o if_o we_o take_v in_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o new_a world_n and_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n there_o will_v not_o be_v room_n enough_o for_o the_o animal_n themselves_o much_o less_o for_o the_o vast_a provision_n to_o keep_v they_o alive_a there_o beside_o a_o man_n can_v easy_o comprehend_v how_o these_o animal_n after_o what_o manner_n soever_o they_o be_v distribute_v into_o their_o cell_n and_o their_o several_a apartment_n keep_v clean_o can_v live_v so_o long_o in_o this_o close_a confinement_n the_o question_n too_o may_v be_v put_v whether_o they_o generate_v in_o the_o ark_n which_o if_o any_o one_o deny_v it_o be_v very_o strange_a that_o these_o brute_n which_o if_o you_o except_o a_o few_o of_o they_o be_v hot_a for_o copulation_n once_o a_o year_n at_o least_o shall_v abstain_v from_o it_o and_o if_o it_o be_v affirm_v then_o as_o their_o offspring_n increase_v there_o must_v be_v of_o course_n a_o great_a consumption_n of_o their_o provision_n several_a person_n here_o have_v recourse_n to_o miracle_n which_o as_o they_o may_v happen_v so_o we_o need_v not_o suppose_v they_o without_o urgent_a necessity_n but_o what_o necessity_n be_v there_o that_o country_n destitute_a of_o man_n and_o the_o animal_n of_o those_o country_n shall_v be_v overflow_v seven_o to_o lessen_v this_o difficulty_n perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o no_o more_o creature_n be_v create_v in_o every_o species_n than_o in_o that_o of_o man._n but_o the_o abovementioned_a learned_a man_n thus_o confute_v they_o god_n say_v he_o from_o the_o creation_n fill_v the_o whole_a world_n according_a to_o the_o respective_a faculty_n of_o every_o country_n and_o sea_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o beast_n fish_n and_o tree_n but_o man_n alone_o be_v say_v to_o be_v create_v by_o himself_o now_o it_o will_v be_v monstrous_o absurd_a to_o imagine_v that_o only_o two_o animal_n of_o every_o species_n and_o that_o only_a in_o one_o place_n be_v form_v by_o god_n almighty_a for_o if_o we_o be_v of_o that_o opinion_n what_o will_v become_v of_o those_o plant_n and_o animal_n which_o only_o breed_v in_o peculiar_a continent_n and_o which_o for_o the_o abovementioned_a reason_n can_v not_o be_v transfer_v and_o propagate_v from_o our_o world_n to_o they_o iv_o these_o be_v the_o argument_n which_o have_v be_v urge_v to_o prove_v that_o only_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o its_o animal_n suffer_v in_o the_o deluge_n but_o because_o the_o maintainer_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n object_n that_o when_o god_n speak_v all_o humane_a reason_v aught_o to_o cease_v true_a it_o be_v say_v the_o patron_n of_o a_o particular_a flood_n and_o so_o it_o ought_v if_o the_o divine_a word_n will_v only_o admit_v of_o a_o interpretation_n and_o thus_o the_o most_o reverend_a bishop_n of_o worcester_n dr._n stillingfleet_n in_o the_o three_o book_n and_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o origines_fw-la sacrae_fw-la where_o he_o treat_v of_o this_o subject_a with_o that_o learning_n and_o judgement_n which_o be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o he_o own_v that_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v by_o any_o necessary_a argument_n draw_v from_o the_o scripture_n that_o the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v overflow_v we_o be_v at_o leisure_n now_o to_o examine_v the_o answer_n they_o bring_v to_o the_o above-cited_n reason_n first_o though_o all_o creature_n be_v say_v to_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o ark_n yet_o they_o observe_v that_o the_o word_n all_o be_v of_o doubtful_a signification_n and_o be_v very_o seldom_o take_v absolute_o but_o in_o most_o place_n be_v restrain_v to_o the_o subject_a then_o in_o hand_n even_o in_o the_o write_n of_o moses_n himself_o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o a_o famine_n prevail_v in_o all_o the_o earth_n our_o divine_n own_o that_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o a_o particular_a part_n of_o the_o world_n thus_o vossius_fw-la nay_o other_o writer_n when_o they_o speak_v of_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o animal_n express_v themselves_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n livy_n speak_v of_o the_o circensian_a spectacle_n as_o they_o be_v exhibit_v in_o his_o age_n have_v the_o follow_a word_n lib._n 44._o c._n 9_o it_o be_v the_o fashion_n then_o even_o before_o our_o modern_a vanity_n be_v introduce_v of_o fill_v the_o circus_n with_o the_o beast_n of_o all_o nation_n to_o divert_v the_o people_n with_o several_a sort_n of_o spectacle_n here_o a_o few_o nation_n that_o be_v either_o neighbour_n or_o subject_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n be_v call_v omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n several_a bird_n and_o beast_n in_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n ch._n 31.6_o where_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n be_v describe_v under_o the_o representation_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v call_v all_o in_o the_o leave_v of_o it_o all_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o air_n build_v their_o nest_n under_o its_o bough_n all_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o field_n do_v copulate_v and_o under_o its_o shade_n do_v dwell_v all_o nation_n see_v daniel_n 4.18_o so_o likewise_o hosea_n 4.3_o where_o the_o great_a devastation_n of_o judaea_n be_v describe_v therefore_o say_v the_o prophet_n the_o earth_n shall_v mourn_v and_o all_o dwell_n therein_o among_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o field_n and_o the_o bird_n of_o the_o air_n they_o shall_v fall_v sick_a yea_o the_o fish_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v destroy_v therefore_o all_o animal_n clean_a and_o unclean_a that_o be_v let_v into_o the_o ark_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o those_o which_o that_o country_n produce_v where_o the_o first_o seat_n of_o mankind_n be_v viz._n that_o fruitful_a territory_n about_o the_o tigris_n and_o euphrates_n and_o perhaps_o the_o all_o here_o do_v not_o comprehend_v those_o of_o all_o kind_n but_o only_o all_o those_o which_o be_v useful_a to_o man._n of_o which_o nature_n be_v the_o cattle_n they_o feed_v upon_o as_o ox_n sheep_n etc._n etc._n horse_n ass_n camel_n which_o be_v there_o employ_v in_o carry_v of_o burden_n but_o therefore_o call_v unclean_a because_o they_o be_v not_o use_v for_o food_n of_o bird_n there_o may_v be_v cock_n goose_n duck_n pigeon_n raven_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v it_o strange_a that_o noah_n be_v command_v to_o preserve_v these_o animal_n which_o can_v not_o be_v have_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n nor_o tame_v without_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a trouble_n as_o for_o what_o relate_v to_o noah_n the_o reason_n why_o he_o be_v not_o order_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o adjoin_a country_n where_o the_o deluge_n do_v not_o reach_v be_v because_o other_o people_n shall_v not_o follow_v he_o thither_o beside_o it_o be_v convenient_a that_o the_o ark_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o be_v preserve_v from_o the_o deluge_n shall_v be_v build_v before_o those_o very_a person_n to_o who_o he_o foretell_v it_o that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v convince_v he_o speak_v to_o they_o in_o earnest_n god_n almighty_a as_o vossius_fw-la conjecture_n think_v that_o his_o justice_n be_v not_o to_o be_v exert_v but_o in_o a_o convenient_a place_n now_o what_o more_o convenient_a place_n can_v be_v imagine_v than_o this_o where_o the_o guilty_a be_v to_o be_v punish_v in_o noah_n sight_n and_o he_o that_o be_v
any_o far_a i_o be_o to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o it_o be_v consider_v by_o we_o not_o such_o as_o perhaps_o it_o be_v in_o its_o flourish_a condition_n but_o as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o the_o holy_a write_n i_o free_o acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v much_o more_o word_n and_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o phrase_n use_v than_o we_o find_v in_o this_o small_a volume_n but_o as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v judge_v of_o it_o by_o its_o remainder_n we_o have_v just_a reason_n to_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v a_o barren_a ambiguous_a unrefined_a language_n which_o now_o we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v the_o excellency_n of_o every_o language_n consist_v principal_o in_o three_o thing_n viz._n plenty_n of_o word_n and_o phrase_n perspicuity_n of_o speech_n and_o purity_n the_o rule_n for_o which_o be_v copious_o lay_v down_o by_o those_o that_o have_v treat_v of_o rhetoric_n now_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o several_a language_n but_o especial_o the_o greek_a be_v much_o superior_a to_o hebrew_a in_o all_o these_o consideration_n and_o it_o be_v a_o plain_a case_n that_o hebrew_n can_v with_o no_o pretence_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o fine_a language_n in_o the_o world_n in_o the_o first_o place_n those_o that_o attentive_o read_v over_o the_o holy_a write_n or_o consult_v the_o hebrew_n lexicon_n will_v be_v soon_o convince_v that_o it_o have_v but_o very_o few_o word_n and_o very_o few_o phrase_n there_o be_v not_o only_o the_o same_o word_n but_o what_o argue_v a_o miserable_a poverty_n we_o meet_v with_o the_o very_a same_o expression_n every_o where_o but_o especial_o in_o the_o historical_a book_n the_o same_o thread_n of_o narration_n the_o same_o particularity_n of_o style_n and_o expression_n be_v visible_a all_o along_o nor_o be_v this_o only_a observable_a of_o the_o writer_n of_o one_o age_n for_o all_o the_o historian_n of_o all_o time_n and_o age_n have_v write_v exact_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n i_o will_v demonstrate_v this_o assertion_n more_o at_o large_a be_v not_o most_o men_n convince_v of_o the_o evidence_n and_o truth_n of_o it_o therefore_o i_o will_v dwell_v no_o long_o upon_o so_o plain_a a_o chapter_n i_o will_v only_o add_v that_o the_o very_a rabbin_n who_o general_o omit_v the_o true_a praise_n of_o their_o country_n still_o affect_v to_o honour_v it_o with_o their_o romance_n and_o legend_n be_v uncontrollable_a witness_n of_o the_o poverty_n of_o their_o own_o language_n since_o for_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o coin_v innumerable_a word_n for_o the_o present_a occasion_n or_o else_o to_o setch_v they_o out_o of_o the_o syro-chaldaick_a and_o other_o language_n and_o in_o these_o the_o talmudical_a book_n abound_v and_o without_o they_o they_o can_v never_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v or_o express_v their_o own_o meaning_n every_o one_o know_v that_o there_o be_v at_o least_o ten_o time_n more_o word_n in_o buxtorf_n rabbinital_a thesaurus_fw-la than_o in_o his_o bible-lexicon_a nevertheless_o with_o all_o their_o foreign_a assistance_n this_o copia_n rabbinica_n fall_v infinite_o short_a of_o the_o grecian_a and_o latin_a treasure_n if_o we_o inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a sterility_n of_o the_o hebrew_n language_n we_o shall_v find_v it_o to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o other_o language_n where_o art_n and_o science_n lie_v under_o contempt_n and_o sew_v treatise_n be_v write_v there_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v a_o great_a want_n of_o word_n to_o express_v several_a thing_n for_o man_n never_o impose_v name_n on_o thing_n or_o the_o notion_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o which_o they_o never_o think_v dispute_n or_o write_v for_o example_n before_o the_o greek_n diligent_o cultivate_v philosophy_n there_o be_v a_o thousand_o thing_n of_o which_o man_n never_o think_v and_o for_o express_v of_o which_o they_o have_v want_v fit_a word_n if_o they_o have_v not_o coin_v new_a one_o the_o same_o thing_n befall_v the_o roman_n when_o they_o first_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o philosophical_a subject_n in_o latin_n i_o call_v those_o thing_n quality_n say_v cicero_n l._n 1._o c._n 7._o acad._n quaest_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o very_a term_n among_o the_o greek_n be_v not_o use_v by_o the_o vulgar_a but_o only_o by_o philosopher_n and_o several_a instance_n there_o be_v of_o the_o like_a nature_n the_o logician_n too_o have_v their_o particular_a by-word_n which_o the_o people_n do_v not_o understand_v and_o this_o method_n be_v common_a to_o all_o art_n for_o either_o new_a word_n be_v to_o be_v coin_v or_o else_o they_o be_v to_o be_v borrow_a from_o elsewhere_o and_o if_o the_o greek_n follow_v this_o conduct_n who_o have_v for_o so_o many_o age_n exercise_v themselves_o in_o these_o affair_n how_o much_o more_o lawful_a be_v it_o for_o we_o to_o do_v it_o who_o but_o now_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o they_o by_o this_o instance_n which_o may_v be_v back_v with_o several_a art_n unknown_a to_o the_o hebrew_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o perceive_v how_o great_a a_o penury_n of_o word_n they_o must_v unavoidable_o labour_v under_o as_o they_o be_v in_o a_o particular_a manner_n ignorant_a in_o grammar_n rhetoric_n and_o the_o whole_a circle_n of_o philosophy_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o write_n they_o must_v consequent_o be_v destitute_a of_o all_o those_o great_a assistance_n that_o those_o art_n use_v to_o furnish_v poetry_n indeed_o as_o far_o as_o the_o genius_n of_o their_o language_n will_v permit_v be_v cultivate_v somewhat_o better_a by_o they_o several_a thing_n be_v majestical_o and_o beautiful_o say_v in_o their_o song_n but_o yet_o so_o as_o to_o convince_v every_o impartial_a reader_n rather_o what_o they_o may_v have_v do_v if_o they_o have_v use_v the_o same_o application_n with_o other_o nation_n than_o what_o perfection_n of_o eloquence_n they_o have_v already_o acquire_v second_o want_v of_o word_n beget_v ambiguity_n for_o when_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o proper_a term_n to_o explain_v our_o meaning_n by_o we_o must_v wrest_v they_o into_o another_o sense_n or_o else_o express_v particular_a thing_n in_o word_n common_a to_o several_a more_o for_o metaphor_n as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v l._n 3._o de_fw-fr orat._n c._n 38._o be_v like_o borrow_v where_o what_o a_o man_n have_v not_o of_o his_o own_o he_o supply_v himself_o with_o elsewhere_o now_o if_o one_o and_o the_o same_o word_n signify_v several_a â—hings_n one_o in_o its_o proper_a acceptation_n the_o rest_n 〈◊〉_d a_o borrow_a or_o tralatitious_a sense_n it_o be_v no_o easy_a â—atter_n to_o distinguish_v its_o several_a signification_n â—nd_v when_o particular_n be_v call_v by_o common_a name_n it_o often_o happen_v that_o we_o do_v not_o clear_o â—nderstand_v in_o what_o respect_n they_o differ_v from_o â—ther_a thing_n of_o the_o same_o genus_fw-la for_o instance_n eret_n signify_v among_o the_o hebrew_n clay_n that_o vessel_n be_v make_v of_o a_o tract_n of_o ground_n either_o â—ore_o or_o less_o suitable_a to_o the_o present_a occasion_n â—he_v whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o man_n that_o â—nhabit_v it_o so_o that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o say_v which_o be_v its_o proper_a signification_n and_o which_o figurative_a when_o a_o universal_a designation_n be_v fix_v upon_o this_o word_n which_o be_v express_v by_o chol_a all_o it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o a_o less_o compass_n of_o ground_n or_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o whether_o all_o man_n or_o only_o some_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v by_o it_o so_o that_o nothing_o but_o the_o context_n or_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n in_o debate_n can_v assist_v our_o conjecture_n when_o figurative_a word_n and_o phrase_n can_v be_v so_o urge_v as_o full_o to_o express_v the_o thing_n they_o describe_v how_o far_o they_o may_v be_v urge_v without_o a_o error_n be_v often_o doubtful_a now_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o various_a signification_n of_o the_o indeclinable_a particle_n and_o how_o almost_o all_o the_o tense_n be_v confound_v in_o the_o verb_n and_o add_v to_o this_o their_o everlasting_a change_n of_o the_o gender_n number_n and_o person_n of_o which_o subject_a abundance_n of_o learned_a man_n have_v write_v careful_o we_o shall_v have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o boast_v of_o the_o perspicuity_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n read_v but_o over_o chr._n noldius_n concordance_n of_o the_o particle_n and_o glasstus_n grammatica_fw-la sacra_fw-la two_o well_o approve_v and_o excellent_a treatise_n and_o when_o that_o be_v do_v i_o believe_v the_o most_o obstinate_a man_n will_v be_v convince_v that_o perhaps_o no_o language_n in_o the_o world_n be_v full_a of_o ambiguity_n and_o obscurity_n than_o the_o hebrew_n but_o yet_o i_o will_v not_o be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o a_o general_n scheme_n of_o the_o jewish_a religion_n and_o
they_o understand_v very_o well_o but_o i_o have_v rather_o the_o reader_n shall_v be_v convince_v of_o this_o truth_n by_o the_o perusal_n of_o our_o work_n than_o by_o our_o own_o boast_v in_o our_o annotation_n we_o have_v only_o endeavour_v to_o open_v and_o illustrate_v that_o which_o be_v call_v the_o grammatical_a and_o by_o the_o schoolman_n the_o literal_a sense_n we_o have_v there_o lay_v down_o no_o theological_a or_o theoretical_a no_o moral_a or_o practical_a conclusion_n as_o well_o because_o it_o will_v have_v too_o much_o swell_v the_o bulk_n of_o the_o work_n as_o because_o after_o the_o grammatical_a sense_n be_v once_o full_o understand_v it_o be_v the_o easy_a matter_n in_o the_o world_n to_o find_v out_o the_o theoretical_a or_o practical_a doctrine_n especial_o to_o those_o that_o have_v read_v any_o system_n of_o divinity_n or_o morality_n we_o have_v also_o meddle_v with_o no_o theological_a controversy_n because_o it_o be_v not_o our_o intention_n to_o gratify_v this_o or_o that_o party_n but_o what_o all_o good_a christian_n ought_v to_o agree_v in_o the_o lover_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o of_o the_o truth_n as_o for_o those_o person_n that_o take_v a_o delight_n to_o know_v these_o squabble_n which_o it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o they_o be_v extinguish_v they_o may_v have_v book_n and_o comment_n more_o than_o enough_o write_v mere_o to_o gratify_v a_o faction_n and_o these_o they_o may_v turn_v over_o at_o their_o leisure_n perhaps_o some_o people_n will_v censure_v i_o that_o i_o have_v not_o handle_v every_o thing_n more_o like_o a_o divine_a but_o let_v they_o know_v whoever_o they_o be_v that_o i_o purposely_o leave_v that_o province_n to_o be_v manage_v by_o their_o sublime_a wit_n we_o may_v indeed_o be_v just_o blame_v if_o we_o omit_v any_o thing_n we_o promise_v to_o perform_v but_o since_o it_o be_v never_o in_o our_o thought_n as_o we_o have_v solemn_o affirm_v to_o retail_v theological_a dogma_n it_o will_v be_v hard_a measure_n to_o condemn_v we_o for_o what_o we_o never_o promise_v nay_o they_o have_v our_o leave_n to_o despise_v these_o our_o performance_n in_o comparison_n of_o theological_n and_o abstruser_n contemplation_n we_o will_v not_o disow_v if_o they_o please_v that_o we_o do_v not_o penetrate_v into_o the_o obscure_a meaning_n of_o the_o holy_a writer_n that_o lurk_v under_o the_o cortex_fw-la grammaticus_fw-la let_v we_o be_v think_v to_o understand_v no_o more_o in_o the_o sacred_a book_n of_o the_o hebrew_n than_o the_o author_n be_v willing_a the_o people_n shall_v understand_v which_o antonius_n in_o cicero_n speak_v of_o the_o grecian_a learning_n frank_o own_v of_o himself_o if_o we_o have_v be_v able_a to_o attain_v but_o to_o this_o small_a pittance_n every_o where_o we_o shall_v mighty_o congratulate_v ourselves_o and_o other_o of_o vulgar_a understanding_n to_o who_o apprehension_n this_o be_v suit_v but_o as_o we_o have_v often_o occasion_n to_o doubt_n whether_o our_o conjecture_n be_v right_a and_o can_v not_o make_v out_o the_o meaning_n clear_a enough_o by_o the_o help_n of_o grammar_n and_o criticism_n alone_o or_o else_o several_a meaning_n of_o equal_a probability_n offer_v themselves_o the_o reader_n may_v observe_v that_o both_o in_o our_o paraphrase_n and_o commentary_n we_o use_v a_o doubtful_a and_o no_o dogmatical_a style_n and_o perhaps_o he_o will_v there_o discover_v frequenter_a reason_n for_o suspend_v his_o opinion_n than_o in_o most_o write_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o since_o every_o man_n believe_v and_o doubt_n for_o himself_o i_o must_v inform_v those_o learned_a gentleman_n that_o have_v a_o great_a insight_n in_o these_o matter_n that_o i_o write_v for_o myself_o and_o such_o as_o stand_v upon_o the_o same_o level_n and_o may_v they_o hug_v themselves_o with_o the_o sweet_a contemplation_n that_o they_o know_v more_o than_o their_o neighbour_n lest_o we_o shall_v betray_v any_o one_o into_o mistake_v we_o make_v a_o scruple_n to_o assert_v some_o thing_n positive_o when_o neither_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o nor_o by_o our_o own_o endeavour_n we_o be_v able_a to_o fix_v any_o certain_a judgement_n however_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o people_n do_v not_o invent_v because_o they_o do_v not_o affirm_v as_o we_o vast_o disagree_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o person_n who_o believe_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v make_v out_o in_o scripture_n with_o the_o help_n of_o grammar_n alone_o unless_o tradition_n come_v in_o for_o a_o share_n so_o we_o do_v not_o believe_v that_o it_o can_v explain_v and_o clear_v every_o thing_n we_o be_v sure_o we_o have_v find_v it_o so_o now_o where_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o evident_a beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o dispute_n we_o have_v take_v care_n to_o restrain_v all_o rash_a determination_n which_o will_v be_v a_o unpardonable_a imposition_n on_o the_o world_n if_o we_o shall_v affirm_v thing_n false_a or_o thing_n unknown_a beside_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o scandalous_a than_o to_o let_v our_o approbation_n run_v before_o our_o knowledge_n iii_o so_o much_o we_o think_v ourselves_o oblige_v to_o say_v concern_v our_o manner_n of_o interpret_n in_o general_a now_o we_o shall_v proceed_v to_o lay_v before_o our_o reader_n the_o difficulty_n that_o give_v we_o no_o little_a pain_n when_o we_o first_o begin_v to_o set_v pen_n to_o paper_n if_o we_o render_v word_n for_o word_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o version_n will_v become_v unserviceable_a to_o those_o that_o be_v unacquainted_a with_o hebrew_a for_o who_o use_n it_o be_v principal_o intend_v for_o it_o have_v be_v utter_o impossible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v it_o unless_o they_o perpetual_o consult_v the_o comment_n where_o nevertheless_o many_o grammatical_a criticism_n of_o small_a importance_n be_v omit_v and_o frequent_o too_o those_o that_o be_v unskilful_a in_o hebraism_n will_v have_v wrest_v they_o in_o a_o wrong_a sense_n and_o now_o if_o to_o avoid_v these_o inconvenience_n we_o have_v follow_v a_o different_a conduct_n allow_v ourselves_o too_o great_a a_o latitude_n it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v lest_o in_o obscure_a place_n we_o may_v impose_v our_o own_o conjecture_n upon_o the_o reader_n instead_o of_o the_o meaning_n of_o the_o sacred_a writer_n i_o know_v it_o will_v be_v reply_v to_o all_o this_o that_o a_o middle_a way_n be_v then_o to_o be_v observe_v whereby_o the_o translation_n shall_v neither_o be_v make_v so_o servile_a and_o close_a as_o to_o become_v obscure_a and_o mislead_v those_o that_o be_v only_o skilled_a in_o latin_a nor_o too_o lax_n or_o redundant_fw-la so_o as_o to_o show_v the_o interpreter_n rather_o than_o the_o writer_n himself_o but_o so_o severe_a a_o undertake_n be_v much_o hard_a to_o be_v well_o perform_v than_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o talk_v of_o it_o as_o we_o shall_v show_v by_o a_o few_o example_n it_o be_v a_o frequent_a hebraism_n and_o he_o lift_v up_o his_o eye_n and_o see_v et_fw-la sustulit_fw-la oculos_fw-la &_o vidit_fw-la see_v gen._n 13.10_o &_o 18.2_o &_o 22.4_o 13._o &_o 24.62_o &_o 31.10_o 12._o &_o 37.25_o &_o 39.7_o &_o 43.28_o this_o phrase_n with_o the_o hebrew_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o abovementioned_a place_n signify_v to_o look_v round_o about_o one_o to_o see_v thing_n at_o hand_n and_o remote_a and_o the_o like_a we_o frequent_o meet_v with_o it_o in_o the_o other_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o room_n leave_v to_o doubt_n of_o its_o signification_n now_o the_o latin_n have_v the_o same_o phrase_n but_o then_o it_o be_v in_o a_o different_a meaning_n those_o that_o be_v afraid_a and_o ashamed_a we_o use_v to_o say_v dare_v not_o oculos_fw-la attollere_fw-la and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n those_o people_n tollunt_fw-la oculos_fw-la that_o be_v possess_v with_o no_o apprehension_n as_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o prove_v by_o several_a instance_n therefore_o this_o hebraism_n we_o see_v be_v not_o to_o be_v verbal_o translate_v there_o be_v a_o like_a expression_n chap._n 29.1_o et_fw-la sustulit_fw-la jacobus_n pedes_fw-la and_o jacob_n lift_v up_o his_o foot_n and_o go_v into_o the_o eastern_a country_n now_o who_o can_v make_v any_o thing_n of_o tollere_fw-la pedes_fw-la the_o latin_n indeed_o say_v efferre_fw-la infer_v far_o pedem_fw-la but_o in_o another_o sense_n the_o reader_n must_v be_v force_v to_o own_o that_o these_o hebraism_n be_v so_o to_o be_v render_v in_o the_o translation_n as_o to_o have_v latin_a phrase_n substitute_v in_o their_o room_n but_o there_o be_v other_o hebraism_n too_o no_o less_o frequent_a that_o afford_v we_o a_o just_a occasion_n of_o doubt_v the_o hebrew_n often_o use_v to_o subjoin_v a_o infinitive_n to_o any_o other_o mood_n or_o tense_n of_o the_o same_o verb_n as_o die_v thou_o shall_v die_v see_v i_o see_v and_o innumerable_a
it_o be_v impossible_a to_o make_v a_o translation_n of_o the_o scripture_n without_o a_o man_n interpose_v his_o own_o sense_n against_o his_o will_n though_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o the_o sacred_a volume_n can_v be_v so_o translate_v that_o our_o own_o conjecture_n may_v not_o be_v read_v instead_o of_o the_o divine_o inspire_a author_n meaning_n whether_o obscure_a or_o clear_a but_o this_o be_v impracticable_a for_o the_o abovementioned_a reason_n and_o therefore_o after_o we_o have_v do_v all_o that_o we_o can_v to_o explain_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o scripture_n as_o plain_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a the_o world_n must_v either_o acquiesce_v in_o our_o endeavour_n or_o every_o one_o must_v study_v hebrew_n in_o his_o own_o defence_n and_o take_v the_o best_a method_n he_o can_v to_o satisfy_v himself_o we_o have_v take_v that_o care_n all_o along_o in_o our_o translation_n as_o very_o seldom_o to_o interpose_v our_o own_o judgement_n where_o the_o place_n be_v somewhat_o doubtful_a but_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o use_v this_o caution_n every_o where_n however_o we_o have_v faithful_o set_v down_o in_o our_o annotation_n what_o conjunction_n or_o preposition_n be_v read_v in_o the_o hebrew_n word_n notata_fw-la word_n in_o the_o hebrew_n it_o be_v and_o noah_n and_o he_o stay_v but_o m._n le_fw-fr clerk_n have_v translate_v it_o noachus_n tamen_fw-la expectavit_fw-la tamen_fw-la but_o with_o our_o author_n leave_n haec_fw-la videntur_fw-la esse_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d notata_fw-la consult_v our_o note_n upon_o genesis_n 6.8_o chap._n 8.12_o we_o have_v also_o observe_v that_o sometime_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o the_o particle_n be_v wrest_v where_o the_o translator_n do_v not_o clear_o understand_v why_o the_o sacred_a writer_n have_v use_v they_o in_o certain_a place_n see_v our_o comment_n upon_o down_o upon_o where_o agreeable_o to_o the_o hebrew_n our_o author_n have_v translate_v it_o supra_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la st._n jerom_n sub_fw-la firmamento_fw-la the_o lxx_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o juxta_fw-la firmamentum_fw-la the_o english_a in_o the_o firmament_n but_o his_o reason_n be_v too_o long_o to_o be_v set_v down_o gen._n 1.20_o some_o have_v make_v no_o difficulty_n to_o use_v latin_a particle_n not_o such_o as_o exact_o answer_v the_o hebrew_n but_o such_o as_o they_o will_v have_v use_v if_o they_o have_v be_v oblige_v to_o express_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o latin_a after_o their_o own_o manner_n which_o conduct_n may_v throw_v both_o translator_n and_o reader_n into_o very_o shameful_a mistake_v but_o we_o in_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o hebrew_n particle_n have_v never_o recede_v from_o the_o most_o common_o receive_v signification_n of_o they_o unless_o we_o be_v absolute_o force_v to_o do_v it_o although_o sometime_o it_o be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o proper_a for_o we_o be_v well_o satisfy_v that_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n do_v not_o connect_v their_o sentence_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o that_o we_o be_v not_o to_o introduce_v they_o use_v the_o same_o thread_n of_o narration_n if_o we_o design_v faithful_o to_o copy_n their_o different_a way_n of_o speak_v if_o this_o have_v be_v due_o consider_v by_o that_o learned_a author_n who_o have_v oblige_v the_o world_n with_o a_o laborious_a and_o useful_a book_n call_v the_o concordance_n of_o the_o particle_n he_o have_v mighty_o lessen_v the_o signification_n which_o he_o attribute_n to_o they_o for_o very_o often_o he_o mind_v nothing_o else_o but_o how_o to_o substitute_v a_o agreeable_a or_o a_o more_o emphatical_a latin_a particle_n in_o the_o place_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o same_o ingenious_a person_n have_v observe_v that_o these_o particle_n be_v sometime_o redundant_fw-la and_o sometime_o deficient_a which_o he_o have_v evince_v by_o several_a unquestionable_a example_n though_o some_o of_o they_o it_o be_v true_a may_v be_v call_v into_o question_n for_o as_o there_o be_v some_o place_n where_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o they_o either_o abound_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v supply_v so_o there_o be_v other_o where_o they_o give_v we_o no_o small_a difficulty_n which_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o every_o little_a pretender_n to_o remove_v for_o instance_n if_o in_o gen._n 19.26_o where_o we_o have_v render_v it_o and_o she_o become_v a_o pillar_n of_o salt_n we_o suppose_v the_o two_o particle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v want_v as_o they_o common_o be_v than_o the_o sense_n of_o that_o passage_n will_v be_v and_o she_o become_v like_o a_o statue_n in_o a_o saltish_a soil_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o genuine_a sense_n of_o the_o word_n as_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o our_o dissertation_n upon_o that_o subject_n it_o be_v undoubted_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v understand_v gen._n 24.23_o ch._n 38.11_o and_o perhaps_o it_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o abovementioned_a place_n rather_o than_o express_v to_o avoid_v the_o harshness_n of_o the_o sound_n which_o will_v happen_v there_o if_o the_o forego_n word_n terminate_v in_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d we_o have_v likewise_o show_v upon_o onagri_fw-la upon_o where_o ishmael_n be_v say_v in_o the_o original_a to_o be_v onager_fw-la homo_fw-la instead_o of_o instar_fw-la onagri_fw-la so_o job_n 11.12_o pullus_n onagri_fw-la nascitur_fw-la homo_fw-la instead_o of_o rudis_fw-la instar_fw-la pulli_fw-la onagri_fw-la gen._n 16.12_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d similitudinis_fw-la as_o the_o grammarian_n use_v to_o call_v it_o be_v frequent_o want_v however_o lest_o we_o shall_v forcible_o seem_v to_o fasten_v our_o own_o meaning_n upon_o moses_n word_n we_o have_v render_v it_o verbatim_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o original_a see_v a_o far_a instance_n of_o a_o ellipsis_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n nabor_n nature_n in_o the_o hebrew_n be_v the_o god_n of_o abraham_n and_o the_o god_n of_o nahor_n the_o god_n of_o their_o father_n where_o the_o particle_n and_o be_v want_v after_o nabor_n gen._n 31.53_o we_o have_v bring_v some_o 74._o some_o as_o that_o of_o levit._fw-la et_fw-la postridie_fw-la e_o t_o reliquiae_fw-la ex_fw-la to_o comedentur_fw-la where_o the_o particle_n et_fw-fr be_v certain_o superfluous_a see_v other_o example_n in_o ch._n noldius_fw-la where_o he_o handle_v this_o particle_n numb_a 74._o example_n upon_o gen._n 20.16_o where_o vaughan_n abound_v and_o if_o we_o do_v not_o know_v that_o it_o be_v redundant_fw-la the_o meaning_n will_v be_v perplex_v and_o obscure_a it_o be_v manifest_o redundant_fw-la gen._n 22.4_o nay_o sometime_o it_o abound_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o a_o book_n as_o in_o the_o first_o verse_n of_o the_o prophet_n jonah_n and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o lord_n etc._n etc._n who_o for_o all_o that_o be_v no_o more_o tack_v to_o obadiah_n than_o obadiah_n be_v to_o amos._n this_o occasion_v a_o certain_a person_n to_o conclude_v absurd_o that_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v the_o collection_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o man_n connect_v together_o after_o that_o manner_n vii_o to_o this_o may_v be_v add_v their_o everlasting_a way_n of_o form_v their_o narration_n by_o preterperfect_a or_o future_a tense_n join_v together_o by_o the_o conjunction_n vau_fw-fr which_o give_v we_o no_o small_a trouble_n it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o no_o emphasis_n be_v design_v by_o it_o and_o that_o it_o may_v best_o be_v express_v by_o latin_a participle_n or_o other_o particle_n with_o which_o the_o latin_n use_v to_o join_v the_o part_n of_o their_o sentence_n together_o as_o all_o interpreter_n have_v do_v although_o some_o of_o they_o have_v use_v this_o liberty_n more_o spare_o then_o other_o however_o it_o be_v a_o eternal_a drudgery_n in_o a_o strict_a translation_n frequent_o to_o change_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o phrase_n nor_o indeed_o can_v any_o thing_n excuse_v our_o so_o do_v but_o mere_a necessity_n therefore_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n of_o genesis_n we_o be_v often_o force_v to_o omit_v the_o conjunction_n and_o exchange_v it_o for_o the_o latin_a particle_n verò_fw-la autem_fw-la deinde_fw-la tum_fw-la enim_fw-la postea_fw-la dein_fw-ge quoque_fw-la etiam_fw-la at_o que_fw-fr and_o suchlike_a at_o other_o time_n we_o use_v participle_n as_o the_o reader_n will_v discover_v in_o abundance_n of_o place_n if_o he_o compart_v our_o translation_n with_o the_o hebrew_n for_o instance_n the_o two_o and_o thirty_o chapter_n be_v thus_o join_v together_o 1._o and_o jacob_n go_v and_o they_o meet_v he_o 2._o and_o jacob_n say_v and_o he_o call_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n 3._o and_o jacob_n send_v 4._o and_o he_o command_v they_o 6_o and_o the_o messenger_n return_v 7._o and_o he_o be_v afraid_a and_o be_v in_o distress_n and_o he_o divide_v 8._o and_o he_o say_v etc._n etc._n which_o will_v be_v insupportable_a in_o latin_n there_o be_v several_a version_n of_o the_o
bible_n especial_o into_o the_o modern_a language_n which_o have_v all_o along_o preserve_v this_o conjunction_n as_o if_o it_o add_v some_o peculiar_a energy_n or_o beauty_n to_o the_o narration_n but_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n can_v satisfy_v they_o of_o the_o contrary_n in_o a_o plain_a narration_n indeed_o this_o troublesome_a conjunction_n may_v pretty_a well_o be_v bear_v in_o some_o other_o tongue_n but_o in_o a_o argument_n or_o so_o if_o it_o be_v use_v in_o french_a it_o will_v not_o only_o wound_v the_o ear_n in_o a_o wonderful_a manner_n but_o so_o fatal_o disturb_v the_o sense_n that_o what_o will_v be_v clear_a in_o hebrew_n will_v be_v in_o french_a the_o most_o confuse_a stuff_n imaginable_a however_o in_o this_o as_o well_o as_o other_o thing_n too_o great_a a_o licence_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v lest_o by_o omit_v a_o particle_n or_o alter_v the_o structure_n of_o a_o sentence_n we_o may_v happen_v to_o alter_v the_o sense_n and_o render_v the_o narration_n indirect_a and_o oblique_a for_o by_o this_o mean_v a_o unskilful_a reader_n will_v imagine_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v relate_v en_fw-fr passant_a while_o the_o historian_n make_v haste_n to_o go_v to_o other_o that_o be_v more_o material_a thus_o according_a to_o our_o translation_n moses_n begin_v the_o 32d_o chapter_n in_o these_o word_n jacobus_n iter_fw-la suum_fw-la perrexit_fw-la occurrerúntque_fw-la angeli_fw-la dei_fw-la quos_fw-la cum_fw-la vidit_fw-la jacobus_n haec_fw-la sunt_fw-la ait_fw-la dei_fw-la castra_fw-la eique_fw-la loco_fw-la machanajim_fw-la nomen_fw-la imposuit_fw-la by_o this_o manner_n of_o relate_v the_o story_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o angel_n be_v make_v a_o more_o remarkable_a circumstance_n than_o if_o we_o have_v render_v it_o with_o castellio_n jacobus_n iter_fw-la suum_fw-la perrexit_fw-la in_fw-la quo_fw-la cum_fw-la ei_fw-la divini_fw-la angeli_fw-la occurrissent_fw-la ille_fw-la eye_n visis_fw-la ita_fw-la dixit_fw-la hoc_fw-la divinum_fw-la agmen_fw-la est_fw-la itaque_fw-la locum_fw-la inde_fw-la machanaim_n appellavit_fw-la it_o be_v no_o small_a perplexity_n to_o we_o in_o our_o translation_n that_o not_o only_o the_o beginning_n progress_n and_o conclusion_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n be_v express_v by_o verb_n that_o be_v tack_v together_o by_o the_o never-failing_a conjunction_n vaughan_n but_o likewise_o by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o verb._n thus_o in_o the_o above-cited_n narration_n and_o jacob_n go_v the_o hebrew_n word_n may_v be_v as_o well_o take_v to_o signify_v the_o beginning_n of_o a_o journey_n as_o the_o continuation_n of_o it_o however_o we_o translate_v it_o in_o the_o latter_a sense_n as_o the_o occasion_n there_o require_v viii_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v in_o the_o eight_o section_n of_o the_o former_a dissertation_n that_o we_o have_v follow_v the_o masoretic_n copy_n in_o our_o translation_n but_o although_o we_o call_v it_o copy_n in_o the_o singular_a number_n it_o may_v be_v call_v copy_n since_o by_o this_o name_n we_o comprehend_v both_o the_o readins_n in_o the_o text_n and_o those_o in_o the_o margin_n which_o come_v from_o two_o several_a book_n unless_o we_o suppose_v that_o the_o keri_n proceed_v from_o the_o receive_a way_n of_o read_v in_o the_o synagogue_n of_o tiberias_n by_o some_o oral_a tradition_n as_o it_o be_v call_v and_o the_o ketib_n to_o have_v be_v the_o read_n itself_o write_v in_o a_o book_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n however_o the_o matter_n be_v as_o these_o two_o readins_n have_v be_v deserve_o compare_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o translator_n so_o that_o which_o seem_v the_o best_a we_o just_o prefer_v and_o this_o be_v the_o conduct_n we_o follow_v sometime_o indeed_o the_o keri_n afford_v a_o more_o convenient_a read_n than_o the_o ketib_n but_o the_o latter_a very_o often_o be_v better_a than_o the_o former_a but_o as_o i_o often_o think_v of_o this_o and_o 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propos_fw-fr to_o make_v use_n of_o
new_a controversy_n that_o then_o employ_v the_o whole_a christian_a world_n so_o that_o the_o interpreter_n rather_o busy_v themselves_o to_o confute_v error_n than_o give_v we_o a_o plain_a and_o critical_a enarration_n of_o the_o word_n i_o will_v not_o say_v that_o by_o thus_o incline_v their_o study_n man_n of_o part_n and_o learning_n have_v be_v so_o far_o lead_v out_o of_o the_o way_n that_o they_o have_v seek_v out_o doctrine_n which_o be_v true_a indeed_o and_o agreeable_a to_o religion_n in_o improper_a place_n though_o nothing_o be_v more_o certain_a however_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o by_o so_o do_v they_o have_v neglect_v several_a help_n necessary_a for_o the_o understanding_n of_o language_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o grasp_v every_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o that_o have_v read_v the_o most_o celebrate_a commentary_n of_o the_o divine_n of_o the_o last_o age_n and_o examine_v their_o translation_n know_v how_o true_a this_o be_v 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these_o head_n to_o â—â—duce_v testimony_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o bible_n and_o set_v they_o off_o with_o a_o little_a secular_a eloquence_n and_o make_v a_o magnificent_a appearance_n upon_o such_o common_a subject_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o dive_v into_o the_o sense_n of_o the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n to_o know_v why_o they_o write_v so_o by_o what_o reason_n they_o support_v their_o opinion_n what_o peculiar_a thing_n the_o idumean_n the_o moabite_n the_o ammonite_n the_o tyrian_n the_o philistine_n the_o egyptian_n and_o assyrian_n have_v to_o themselves_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a continue_v he_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v different_a cause_n and_o argument_n and_o original_n according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n and_o time_n and_o man_n to_o who_o they_o be_v write_v but_o neither_o in_o st._n jerom_n time_n nor_o afterward_o do_v any_o one_o before_o our_o age_n regard_v this_o advice_n as_o it_o deserve_v so_o that_o 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who_o censure_n we_o most_o willing_o submit_v our_o undertake_n and_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a to_o receive_v their_o instruction_n and_o emendation_n with_o all_o imaginable_a gratitude_n dissertation_n iii_o concern_v moses_n the_o writer_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n and_o his_o design_n in_o writing_n i._o the_o necessity_n of_o treat_v of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n ii_o three_o sort_n of_o thing_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pentateuch_n 1._o those_o that_o happen_v before_o moses_n 2._o the_o action_n of_o moses_n which_o be_v without_o doubt_n first_o write_v by_o himself_o 3._o other_o thing_n which_o real_o be_v or_o at_o least_o seem_v to_o be_v late_a than_o the_o age_n of_o moses_n iii_o those_o passage_n which_o some_o people_n imagine_v to_o be_v late_a than_o moses_n be_v examine_v iv_o that_o very_o few_o place_n can_v come_v under_o that_o denomination_n however_o that_o the_o pentateuch_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v away_o from_o moses_n upon_o that_o account_n v._o that_o it_o be_v uncertain_a who_o make_v those_o addition_n vi_o that_o the_o design_n of_o the_o writer_n be_v of_o great_a importance_n towards_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o his_o write_n vii_o moses_n design_n in_o write_v the_o pentateuch_n inquire_v into_o the_o two_o former_a dissertation_n have_v a_o relation_n to_o the_o other_o book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n as_o well_o as_o to_o those_o of_o moses_n but_o now_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o moysaicall_a write_n exclusive_a of_o the_o rest_n for_o we_o can_v well_o omit_v the_o discussion_n of_o that_o celebrate_a question_n which_o have_v be_v so_o warm_o debate_v in_o this_o age_n viz._n whether_o moses_n write_v the_o pentateuch_n some_o author_n that_o have_v make_v no_o small_a noise_n in_o the_o world_n have_v positive_o assert_v that_o it_o be_v not_o write_v by_o moses_n or_o at_o least_o that_o such_o as_o it_o have_v come_v down_o to_o our_o hand_n it_o be_v not_o whole_o he_o however_o we_o in_o our_o commentary_n according_a to_o the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n have_v all_o along_o attribute_v it_o to_o he_o therefore_o we_o must_v now_o inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o opinion_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o truth_n and_o this_o we_o shall_v perform_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o not_o to_o bring_v the_o least_o reproach_n or_o invidious_a reflection_n but_o only_a reason_n and_o argument_n against_o those_o that_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a side_n neither_o out_o of_o a_o unmeasurable_a prepossession_n shall_v we_o deny_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v evident_o plain_a then_o after_o we_o have_v full_o prove_v the_o pentateuch_n to_o be_v the_o work_n of_o moses_n we_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o his_o design_n in_o write_v it_o no_o think_v man_n will_v doubt_v but_o that_o both_o these_o disquisition_n be_v of_o the_o last_o consequence_n towards_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o these_o book_n and_o since_o they_o can_v not_o so_o convenient_o be_v handle_v in_o our_o commentary_n we_o shall_v dispatch_v they_o in_o this_o dissertation_n with_o all_o the_o brevity_n we_o can_v ii_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o thing_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o write_n of_o moses_n which_o we_o must_v here_o take_v into_o our_o consideration_n we_o shall_v have_v soon_o do_v with_o the_o two_o first_o but_o we_o shall_v dwell_v somewhat_o long_o upon_o the_o last_o the_o first_o comprehend_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v before_o moses_n be_v bear_v at_o least_o before_o he_o come_v to_o year_n of_o maturity_n of_o which_o nature_n be_v the_o history_n comprise_v in_o genesis_n and_o the_o beginning_n of_o exodus_fw-la and_o here_o if_o we_o except_o a_o few_o place_n which_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o examine_v we_o find_v nothing_o that_o may_v induce_v we_o to_o believe_v that_o moses_n be_v not_o the_o author_n no_o body_n doubt_n but_o that_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o other_o matter_n of_o fact_n which_o be_v there_o relate_v down_o to_o moses_n parent_n may_v be_v write_v by_o he_o learned_a man_n only_o doubt_v whether_o moses_n real_o write_v they_o and_o if_o he_o write_v they_o whether_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o convey_v they_o down_o to_o posterity_n in_o writing_n or_o whether_o he_o may_v not_o take_v what_o he_o have_v from_o ancient_a memoir_n which_o be_v afterward_o lose_v if_o moses_n be_v the_o first_o that_o write_v of_o these_o matter_n and_o they_o be_v never_o consign_v in_o write_v before_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o he_o must_v either_o have_v they_o by_o a_o immediate_a revelation_n from_o god_n or_o else_o that_o they_o be_v communicate_v to_o he_o by_o man_n who_o preserve_v they_o in_o their_o memory_n for_o there_o be_v no_o other_o way_n for_o he_o to_o arrive_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o now_o he_o no_o where_n tell_v we_o they_o
history_n matter_n be_v thus_o no_o one_o will_v doubt_v that_o the_o law_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o exodus_fw-la leviticus_n number_n and_o deuteronomy_n be_v the_o very_a same_o that_o be_v write_v by_o moses_n '_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o the_o law_n which_o be_v write_v in_o moses_n time_n be_v still_o extant_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o josiah_n as_o it_o appear_v from_o 2_o king_n 22._o nor_o can_v any_o tolerable_a reason_n be_v assign_v why_o they_o be_v not_o incorporate_v at_o least_o into_o the_o book_n of_o the_o pentateuch_n therefore_o whatever_o law_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pentateuch_n we_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o they_o as_o write_v by_o moses_n himself_o and_o consequent_o the_o great_a part_n by_o much_o of_o the_o pentateuch_n come_v from_o the_o same_o hand_n nay_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o several_a other_o thing_n be_v write_v by_o he_o second_o moses_n be_v say_v deut._n 31.22_o to_o have_v write_v the_o song_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n and_o since_o that_o be_v set_v down_o word_n for_o word_n as_o he_o make_v it_o we_o can_v deny_v that_o the_o rest_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o moses_n without_o oppose_v the_o plain_a truth_n imaginable_a three_o he_o be_v in_o express_a term_n say_v to_o have_v write_v some_o part_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o hebrew_n for_o he_o transmit_v in_o write_v the_o war_n against_o the_o amalekite_n and_o god_n sentence_n pronounce_v against_o they_o exod._n 17.14_o after_o the_o like_a manner_n he_o write_v the_o several_a mansion_n of_o the_o israelite_n in_o the_o wilderness_n numb_a 33.2_o moses_n write_v their_o go_n out_o according_a to_o their_o journey_n by_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o yet_o that_o part_n of_o their_o history_n which_o we_o find_v in_o that_o chapter_n of_o number_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a a_o consequence_n as_o to_o be_v write_v before_o the_o rest_n from_o whence_o it_o natural_o follow_v 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of_o the_o euphrates_n which_o after_o it_o have_v wash_v chaldea_n fall_v into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n and_o then_o the_o geography_n of_o these_o country_n according_a to_o they_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o well_o know_v in_o moses_n time_n that_o so_o particular_a a_o account_n can_v be_v give_v of_o they_o especial_o if_o we_o consider_v at_o what_o a_o great_a distance_n they_o lay_v but_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o country_n of_o name_n of_o bochart_n l._n 5._o c._n 5._o hieroz_n part_n 2._o suppose_n the_o land_n of_o havilan_n to_o be_v that_o part_n of_o arabia_n near_o catipha_n and_o bahare_n where_o precious_a stone_n be_v dug_n up_o and_o the_o pison_n to_o be_v that_o branch_n of_o the_o euphrates_n which_o petrus_n texeira_n a_o eye-witness_n affirm_v to_o fall_v into_o the_o persian_a gulf_n at_o catipha_n near_o bahare_n but_o our_o author_n place_n havilah_n near_o to_o judea_n not_o far_o from_o coelesyria_n in_o 1_o sam._n 15.7_o saul_n be_v say_v to_o 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be_v of_o opinion_n that_o some_o footstep_n of_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o chrysorrhous_n which_o rise_v near_o the_o city_n of_o damascus_n plentiful_o supply_v it_o with_o water_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n whole_o lose_v in_o several_a little_a stream_n as_o strabo_n l._n 16._o and_o pliny_n l._n 5._o c._n 18._o tell_v we_o petrus_n belonius_a observat_fw-la l._n 2._o c._n 91._o say_v that_o damascus_n be_v so_o abundant_o furnish_v with_o water_n from_o this_o river_n that_o not_o only_o every_o private_a house_n but_o every_o garden_n have_v a_o fountain_n out_o of_o it_o now_o this_o description_n admirable_o agree_v with_o the_o hebrew_n word_n phison_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o hebrew_n root_n phasha_n diffusus_fw-la fuit_fw-la the_o greek_n call_v it_o chrysorrhoas_n because_o of_o the_o gold_n sands_n find_v
pentateuch_n belong_v to_o moses_n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o ascribe_v those_o book_n to_o any_o one_o but_o he_o v._o it_o have_v be_v long_o controvert_v among_o learned_a man_n who_o it_o be_v that_o make_v these_o addition_n which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n and_o they_o have_v go_v upon_o various_a conjecture_n some_o will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v joshua_n other_o esdras_n and_o last_o other_o to_o be_v the_o under_o scribe_n among_o the_o hebrew_n but_o this_o be_v only_o guess_v for_o they_o bring_v no_o reason_n to_o enforce_v their_o opinion_n because_o joshua_n succeed_v moses_n therefore_o some_o people_n fancy_v it_o be_v he_o that_o insert_v those_o passage_n that_o seem_v to_o carry_v discovery_n of_o a_o late_a age._n again_o other_o ascribe_v this_o to_o esdras_n who_o be_v by_o the_o jew_n say_v to_o have_v regulate_v the_o sacred_a volume_n and_o by_o some_o to_o have_v make_v they_o up_o again_o out_o of_o his_o memory_n after_o they_o be_v 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influence_v by_o this_o consideration_n he_o likewise_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o the_o opinion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n which_o he_o assent_v to_o or_o reject_v according_a as_o they_o agree_v with_o reason_n and_o the_o truth_n we_o know_v indeed_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o that_o the_o general_a aim_n of_o his_o writing_n be_v to_o teach_v the_o israelite_n the_o worship_n of_o one_o god_n and_o to_o deliver_v they_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v wish_v that_o we_o particular_o know_v for_o what_o reason_n he_o follow_v one_o certain_a method_n in_o write_v more_o than_o another_o and_o what_o he_o chief_o have_v a_o eye_n to_o in_o that_o abridgement_n of_o the_o ancient_a history_n which_o he_o have_v leave_v behind_o he_o from_o hence_o perhaps_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o comprehend_v why_o he_o omit_v several_a transaction_n to_o give_v we_o a_o narration_n of_o some_o other_o event_n which_o be_v not_o as_o we_o imagine_v of_o so_o great_a importance_n why_o he_o use_v such_o and_o such_o word_n and_o expression_n why_o he_o mention_n some_o thing_n only_o en_fw-fr passant_a and_o treat_v of_o other_o in_o a_o more_o copious_a and_o frequent_a manner_n with_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o nature_n which_o will_v give_v considerable_a light_n to_o many_o obscure_a place_n be_v it_o possible_a for_o any_o one_o so_o to_o secure_v his_o reader_n before_o they_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o perusal_n of_o moses_n that_o they_o shall_v find_v no_o rugged_a place_n or_o at_o least_o but_o few_o that_o be_v hard_a to_o be_v understand_v so_o universal_a a_o obligation_n can_v never_o be_v requite_v with_o thanks_o and_o commendation_n enough_o for_o example_n no_o one_o read_v the_o short_a prologomena_n which_o asconius_n pedianus_n have_v give_v we_o before_o some_o of_o cicero_n oration_n against_o verres_n but_o he_o will_v with_o all_o his_o heart_n be_v at_o any_o expense_n that_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o oration_n be_v recommend_v and_o illustrate_v by_o such_o preface_n for_o those_o preface_n or_o argument_n be_v no_o small_a help_n towards_o the_o understanding_n of_o tully_n and_o will_v be_v infinite_o more_o serviceable_a to_o the_o world_n if_o they_o be_v but_o long_o now_o since_o we_o be_v destitute_a of_o such_o assistance_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n of_o moses_n history_n and_o the_o great_a scarcity_n of_o ancient_a oriental_a author_n and_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o such_o a_o design_n it_o remain_v that_o we_o must_v often_o be_v involve_v in_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o as_o i_o often_o consider_v of_o this_o matter_n when_o i_o have_v the_o moysaicall_a write_n in_o my_o hand_n so_o i_o be_v resolve_v to_o collect_v and_o gather_v out_o of_o moses_n himself_o whatever_o may_v be_v pertinent_o say_v upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o flatter_v myself_o that_o i_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o rigorous_o censure_v if_o i_o do_v not_o answer_v the_o reader_n be_v expectation_n as_o if_o i_o only_o raise_v his_o appetite_n and_o do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v he_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o make_v no_o scruple_n to_o set_v what_o follow_v before_o my_o commentary_n whatever_o the_o learned_a world_n may_v think_v of_o it_o vii_o that_o no_o body_n may_v mistake_v i_o or_o expect_v to_o find_v what_o i_o never_o promise_v i_o do_v not_o here_o inquire_v what_o be_v moses_n or_o rather_o god_n intention_n in_o deliver_v the_o law_n which_o we_o shall_v consider_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o particular_a law_n but_o what_o be_v moses_n chief_a and_o principal_a aim_n in_o write_v and_o publish_v the_o pentateuch_n such_o as_o we_o now_o have_v it_o all_o man_n as_o we_o observe_v before_o know_v well_o enough_o that_o moses_n chief_o write_v to_o teach_v the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o only_o one_o god_n be_v to_o be_v worship_v and_o after_o what_o manner_n that_o be_v to_o be_v do_v but_o we_o must_v more_o distinct_o show_v what_o method_n he_o take_v to_o reach_v that_o mark_n if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v so_o to_o express_v myself_o and_o what_o other_o end_n he_o may_v possible_o have_v 1._o we_o must_v chief_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n remember_v that_o it_o never_o be_v in_o moses_n thought_n to_o write_v the_o annal_n of_o all_o mankind_n down_o to_o his_o own_o time_n but_o only_o to_o select_v those_o passage_n out_o of_o the_o history_n of_o former_a age_n which_o agree_v with_o his_o general_a design_n before_o mention_v or_o some_o other_o particular_a by_o end_n hence_o we_o find_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v short_a than_o his_o history_n be_v from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o world_n to_o abraham_n since_o
where_o the_o ark_n be_v and_o abraham_n and_o the_o israelite_n from_o the_o cloud_n and_o the_o midst_n of_o fire_n they_o sometime_o discover_v a_o angel_n discourse_v with_o they_o under_o a_o humane_a shape_n by_o the_o majesty_n of_o his_o look_n and_o the_o unusual_a splendour_n of_o his_o eye_n the_o wife_n of_o manoah_n in_o jud._n 13.6_o the_o man_n of_o god_n say_v she_o of_o the_o angel_n who_o she_o see_v come_v towards_o i_o and_o his_o look_n be_v like_o the_o look_v of_o a_o angel_n of_o god_n very_o terrible_a by_o this_o mean_v nabuchadnezzar_n seem_v to_o have_v know_v the_o angel_n among_o the_o child_n who_o he_o command_v to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o fiery_a furnace_n the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o four_o say_v he_o be_v like_o that_o of_o one_o of_o the_o son_n of_o god_n sometime_o miraculous_a action_n that_o be_v above_o the_o power_n of_o humane_a performance_n be_v add_v as_o not_o to_o mention_v any_o more_o we_o may_v gather_v from_o the_o history_n of_o gideon_n jud._n 6.17_o i_o do_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o event_n of_o thing_n foretell_v for_o the_o question_n at_o present_a be_v how_o at_o the_o very_a moment_n when_o a_o appearance_n happen_v they_o be_v able_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o a_o humane_a trick_n before_o the_o truth_n of_o those_o thing_n they_o predict_v be_v ratify_v by_o the_o event_n v._o the_o other_o question_n be_v much_o more_o difficult_a viz._n by_o what_o mean_v they_o know_v whether_o the_o high_a and_o the_o god_n of_o all_o god_n appear_v or_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v the_o expression_n one_o of_o the_o inferior_a god_n or_o good_a angel_n dispatch_v for_o that_o message_n by_o he_o the_o ancient_a jew_n do_v seem_v to_o have_v sufficient_o consider_v this_o matter_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o find_v out_o in_o any_o narration_n of_o these_o appearance_n whether_o god_n himself_o or_o a_o angel_n speak_v and_o god_n and_o his_o angel_n be_v say_v to_o have_v appear_v promiscuous_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d see_v gen._n ch_z 16.12_o ch_n 22._o v._n 1.11_o 12._o exod._n 3.2_o and_o seqq._n so_o though_o exod._n 20._o the_o lord_n god_n be_v say_v to_o have_v speak_v yet_o the_o old_a hebrew_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o law_n be_v deliver_v by_o angel_n as_o appear_v from_o galatian_n 3.19_o heb._n 2.2_o act._n 7._o v._n 38.53_o and_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v this_o because_o good_a angel_n never_o tell_v or_o command_v man_n any_o thing_n in_o their_o own_o name_n but_o behave_v themselves_o as_o the_o ambassador_n and_o minister_n of_o the_o high_a god_n hence_o st._n austin_n quaest_n in_o genes_n 37._o and_o elsewhere_o have_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o the_o angel_n that_o speak_v as_o god_n in_o the_o angel_n perhaps_o say_v he_o of_o abraham_n he_o understand_v it_o be_v god_n that_o speak_v to_o he_o by_o some_o plain_a and_o manifest_a proof_n of_o the_o divine_a majesty_n which_o be_v so_o it_o signify_v nothing_o to_o know_v whether_o god_n or_o a_o angel_n speak_v to_o they_o the_o chaldean_n indeed_o who_o doctrine_n jamblichus_n deliver_v in_o his_o book_n of_o mystery_n sect._n 2._o ch_n 3._o &_o seqq._n pretend_v to_o know_v what_o be_v the_o certain_a token_n of_o the_o presence_n of_o god_n or_o a_o angel_n or_o a_o archangel_n or_o a_o daemon_n or_o a_o prince_n or_o a_o soul_n this_o be_v porphyry_n question_n in_o which_o jamblichus_n large_o endeavour_v to_o satisfy_v he_o but_o i_o shall_v not_o here_o cite_v those_o passage_n in_o he_o not_o that_o every_o thing_n he_o there_o say_v be_v groundless_a and_o chimerical_a but_o because_o the_o brevity_n of_o our_o work_n will_v not_o allow_v we_o to_o be_v more_o prolix_a upon_o this_o subject_a the_o pious_a man_n among_o the_o ancient_a hebrew_n do_v it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v very_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o fraud_n of_o evil_a angel_n in_o this_o affair_n because_o they_o do_v not_o question_v but_o that_o the_o good_a angel_n who_o be_v appoint_v by_o god_n almighty_a to_o protect_v the_o virtuous_a will_v frustrate_v any_o such_o design_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o divine_a goodness_n to_o expose_v those_o that_o fear_v he_o to_o invincible_a temptation_n which_o he_o have_v certain_o do_v if_o there_o be_v no_o exterior_a sign_n to_o distinguish_v evil_a spirit_n from_o the_o good_a or_o if_o those_o characteristic_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o all_o mankind_n to_o be_v infallible_a indication_n of_o a_o divine_a or_o angelical_a apparition_n may_v be_v usurp_v by_o a_o wicked_a power_n nevertheless_o i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o that_o among_o a_o vicious_a reprobate_a people_n who_o god_n almighty_a may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v deliver_v over_o to_o the_o devil_n it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o unclean_a spirit_n sometime_o deceive_v they_o with_o the_o like_a appearance_n as_o we_o have_v mention_v but_o this_o be_v not_o the_o case_n of_o the_o righteous_a dissertation_n ix_o concern_v the_o subversion_n of_o sodom_n and_o the_o neighbour_a city_n i._o the_o occasion_n of_o this_o dissertation_n ii_o the_o situation_n of_o sodom_n and_o the_o neighbour_a city_n iii_o the_o sin_n they_o be_v guilty_a of_o iv_o a_o description_n of_o their_o subversion_n v._o the_o lacus_n asphaltites_n or_o dead_a sea_n a_o everlasting_a monument_n of_o their_o destruction_n vi_o a_o description_n of_o the_o country_n about_o it_o from_o whence_o the_o seven_o verse_n in_o st._n jude_n catholic_n epistle_n be_v explain_v and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n vii_o this_o history_n give_v occasion_n to_o some_o remarkable_a circumstance_n in_o the_o story_n of_o baucis_n and_o philemon_n which_o observation_n be_v illustrate_v by_o several_a example_n viii_o whether_o the_o subversion_n of_o these_o city_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n jordan_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o a_o miracle_n or_o be_v the_o common_a method_n of_o god_n almighty_n providence_n when_o he_o punish_v offender_n i._o among_o those_o other_o punishment_n which_o the_o sacred_a historian_n tell_v we_o the_o divine_a justice_n have_v inflict_v upon_o wicked_a man_n few_o of_o they_o be_v more_o wonderful_a than_o the_o sudden_a destruction_n of_o sodom_n and_o the_o adjoin_a city_n however_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o scripture_n when_o they_o come_v to_o this_o surprise_v relation_n scarce_o seem_v to_o have_v employ_v the_o care_n they_o usual_o bestow_v upon_o other_o place_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o judge_v it_o convenient_a to_o publish_v this_o dissertation_n where_o we_o have_v treat_v this_o matter_n more_o ample_o than_o the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o commentary_n will_v allow_v all_o the_o translator_n which_o it_o have_v be_v my_o fortuen_n hitherto_o to_o see_v as_o if_o they_o imagine_v there_o be_v no_o difficulty_n in_o the_o case_n or_o else_o have_v nothing_o to_o remark_n upon_o so_o important_a a_o scene_n bare_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o country_n be_v burn_v and_o subvert_v by_o fire_n from_o heaven_n and_o have_v do_v so_o think_v they_o have_v discharge_v all_o that_o be_v require_v from_o a_o translator_n the_o truth_n be_v what_o we_o have_v hear_v and_o imbibe_v from_o our_o infancy_n become_v at_o last_o so_o familiar_a to_o we_o that_o we_o receive_v it_o almost_o without_o examination_n but_o as_o i_o have_v read_v this_o history_n with_o no_o little_a application_n so_o methinks_v i_o have_v discover_v several_a particular_n in_o it_o worthy_a of_o observation_n by_o which_o not_o only_o this_o narration_n may_v be_v wonderful_o illustrate_v but_o many_o other_o passage_n of_o the_o h._n bible_n convenient_o expound_v what_o we_o have_v therefore_o observe_v upon_o this_o occasion_n we_o have_v throw_v into_o the_o follow_a dissertation_n which_o if_o we_o have_v not_o handle_v with_o that_o accuracy_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o subject_n seem_v to_o deserve_v yet_o since_o we_o have_v do_v it_o to_o the_o best_a of_o our_o ability_n we_o hope_v the_o learned_a reader_n will_v favourable_o receive_v it_o ii_o before_o we_o examine_v the_o destruction_n itself_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o sodom_n gomorrah_n adma_n and_o zeboim_n because_o by_o this_o mean_n we_o shall_v the_o better_o understand_v how_o we_o come_v to_o see_v nothing_o but_o a_o stink_a lake_n where_o this_o most_o delightful_a country_n former_o stand_v moses_n thus_o describe_v the_o situation_n of_o these_o city_n gen._n 13.10_o where_o he_o relate_v after_o what_o manner_n lot_n and_o abraham_n part_v but_o let_v lift_v up_o his_o eye_n and_o behold_v all_o the_o plain_a of_o jordan_n that_o it_o be_v well_o water_v every_o where_o before_o the_o lord_n destroy_v
of_o this_o nature_n let_v he_o consult_v h._n grotius_n upon_o john_n 3.5_o but_o the_o reason_n why_o thunder_n be_v thus_o describe_v no_o one_o certain_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o have_v either_o smell_v those_o place_n that_o have_v be_v strike_v by_o thunder_n or_o have_v read_v what_o learned_a man_n have_v write_v upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o will_v only_o give_v myself_o the_o trouble_n to_o set_v down_o two_o or_o three_o testimony_n thunder_z and_o lightning_n likewise_o say_v pliny_n lib._n 35._o c._n 15._o have_v the_o smell_v of_o brimstone_n and_o the_o very_a light_n or_o flame_n of_o they_o be_v sulphureous_a and_o seneca_n in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n ch_n 21._o tell_v we_o that_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v strike_v by_o lightning_n have_v a_o sulphureous_a smell_n and_o indeed_o our_o natural_a philosopher_n have_v plain_o demonstrate_v that_o the_o thunderbolt_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o sulphureous_a exhalation_n for_o this_o persius_n in_o his_o second_o satire_n call_v it_o sulphus_n sacrum_n ignovisse_fw-la putas_fw-la quia_fw-la cum_fw-la tonet_fw-la ocyus_fw-la ilex_fw-la sulphur_n discutitur_fw-la sacro_fw-la quam_fw-la túque_fw-la domúsque_fw-la on_o the_o other_o hand_n because_o the_o thunderbolt_n be_v of_o a_o sulphureous_a nature_n the_o greek_n seem_v to_o have_v call_v brimstone_n in_o their_o language_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v divine_a by_o a_o proper_a name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o it_o come_v from_o god_n now_o god_n be_v not_o bare_o say_v to_o have_v rain_v down_o brimstone_n and_o fire_n but_o brimstone_n and_o fire_n from_o the_o lord_n where_o the_o addition_n of_o from_o the_o lord_n which_o at_o first_o sight_n may_v appear_v to_o be_v superfluous_a do_v more_o particular_o describe_v the_o thunderbolt_n which_o by_o the_o hebrew_n and_o other_o nation_n be_v frequent_o call_v the_o fire_n of_o god_n and_o fire_n from_o god_n thus_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o king_n c._n 1._o v._n 12._o the_o fire_n of_o god_n come_v down_o from_o heaven_n and_o devour_v he_o see_v likewise_o job_n 1._o v._o 16._o isaiah_n use_v the_o same_o expression_n c._n 66._o v._n 16._o he_o shall_v be_v punish_v with_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o lord_z after_o this_o manner_n the_o latin_a poet_n speak_v herein_o intimate_v the_o grecian_n as_o ovid._n met._n l._n 15._o jamque_fw-la opus_fw-la exegi_fw-la quod_fw-la nec_fw-la jovis_n ira_fw-la nec_fw-la ignes_fw-la nec_fw-la poterit_fw-la ferrum_fw-la nec_fw-la edax_fw-la abolere_fw-la vetustas_fw-la statius_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o thebais_n ilicet_fw-la igne_fw-la jovis_n lapsisque_fw-la citatior_fw-la astris_fw-la tristibus_fw-la exiluit_fw-la ripis_fw-la because_o man_n have_v no_o power_n over_o these_o kind_n of_o meteor_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o they_o by_o any_o contrivance_n to_o ascend_v up_o to_o the_o cloud_n therefore_o god_n be_v suppose_v to_o dwell_v there_o and_o to_o cast_v his_o dart_n from_o thence_o although_o he_o be_v equal_o present_a in_o all_o place_n and_o do_v not_o send_v his_o thunderbolt_n for_o any_o peculiar_a reason_n three_o though_o moses_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o after_o what_o manner_n the_o thunderbolt_n subvert_v these_o unhappy_a city_n and_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n yet_o since_o he_o make_v mention_n of_o they_o we_o can_v comprehend_v how_o it_o happen_v any_o otherwise_o than_o that_o the_o thunderbolt_n fall_v in_o great_a plenty_n upon_o some_o pit_n of_o bitumen_n the_o vein_n of_o that_o combustible_a matter_n take_v fire_n immediate_o and_o as_o the_o fire_n penetrate_v into_o the_o lowermost_a bowel_n of_o this_o bituminous_a soil_n these_o wicked_a city_n be_v subvert_v by_o a_o tremor_n and_o sink_v down_o of_o the_o ground_n we_o will_v not_o here_o enlarge_v how_o easy_o naphtha_n which_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o liquid_a bitumen_n be_v set_v on_o fire_n the_o reader_n may_v at_o his_o leisure_n consult_v what_o strabo_n l._n 16._o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o alexander_n and_o pliny_n l._n 2._o c._n 105._o have_v say_v upon_o this_o subject_a perhaps_o in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o delicious_a plain_n which_o be_v overthrow_v there_o be_v only_o the_o thick_a bitumen_n but_o even_o the_o very_a vapour_n of_o that_o matter_n which_o exhale_v from_o ground_n impregnate_v with_o it_o be_v easy_o set_v on_o fire_n in_o lycia_n the_o hephoestian_a mountain_n if_o you_o do_v but_o touch_v they_o with_o a_o light_a torch_n immediate_o take_v fire_n so_o that_o the_o very_a stone_n in_o the_o river_n and_o the_o sand_n in_o the_o water_n burn_v if_o you_o take_v a_o stick_v out_o of_o these_o water_n and_o draw_v furrow_n upon_o the_o ground_n with_o it_o according_a to_o the_o common_a report_n a_o tract_n of_o fire_n follow_v it_o these_o be_v pliny_n word_n l._n 2._o c._n 106._o there_o be_v a_o small_a hill_n in_o the_o province_n belong_v to_o grenoble_n from_o whence_o a_o smoke_n of_o a_o bituminous_a smell_n be_v perpetual_o see_v to_o proceed_v now_o this_o smoke_n by_o a_o light_a flambeau_n or_o chaff_n be_v soon_o set_v on_o fire_n which_o we_o ourselves_o know_v to_o be_v true_a by_o ocular_a experience_n in_o that_o lamentable_a earthquake_n which_o in_o the_o month_n of_o january_n 1693._o shake_v all_o sicily_n after_o so_o prodigious_a and_o miserable_a a_o manner_n some_o author_n of_o very_a good_a credit_n have_v assure_v we_o that_o thunderbolt_n fall_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o island_n and_o this_o observation_n be_v not_o unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_n for_o seneca_n quoest_n nat._n l._n 2._o c._n 30._o say_v aetna_n have_v sometime_o burn_v exceed_o and_o throw_v up_o a_o wonderful_a quantity_n of_o burn_a sand_n the_o day_n obscure_v by_o the_o smoke_n and_o ash_n so_o that_o the_o people_n be_v terrify_v at_o so_o unexpected_a a_o scence_z of_o darkness_n at_o these_o time_n as_o the_o common_a tradition_n go_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n and_o therefore_o the_o bitumen_n which_o be_v so_o plentiful_o find_v in_o the_o soil_n of_o sodom_n may_v be_v set_v on_o fire_n by_o a_o thunderbolt_n and_o since_o it_o flow_v or_o be_v dig_v not_o from_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o from_o vein_n of_o a_o mighty_a depth_n when_o once_o it_o have_v take_v fire_n the_o flame_n must_v of_o necessity_n run_v along_o all_o those_o vein_n and_o at_o last_o shake_v and_o subvert_v the_o ground_n the_o same_o thing_n frequent_o happen_v to_o the_o field_n about_o aetna_n and_o vesuvius_n for_o the_o very_a same_o reason_n innumerable_a author_n have_v write_v of_o the_o soil_n of_o sicily_n but_o justin_n shall_v serve_v for_o all_o who_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o four_o book_n thus_o describe_v it_o the_o earth_n be_v natural_o thin_a and_o friable_a and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o several_a cavern_n and_o pipe_n so_o penetrable_a that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n nay_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v proper_a for_o generate_a and_o nourish_v of_o fire_n because_o it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v crust_v within_o with_o sulphur_n and_o bitumen_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o when_o the_o wind_n struggle_v with_o the_o fire_n under_o ground_n it_o frequent_o belch_v out_o sometime_o flame_n sometime_o vapour_n and_o sometime_o smoke_n and_o that_o in_o several_a place_n cornelius_n severus_n prosecute_v this_o argument_n at_o large_a in_o his_o poem_n entitle_v aetna_n the_o same_o observation_n have_v be_v make_v of_o the_o ground_n that_o lie_v about_o the_o vesuvius_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o several_a town_n have_v frequent_o be_v there_o overthrow_v by_o earthquake_n pliny_n the_o young_a in_o the_o 16_o epistle_n l._n 6._o where_o he_o relate_v the_o death_n of_o his_o learned_a uncle_n who_o be_v suffocate_v as_o he_o approach_v too_o near_o the_o fire_n of_o that_o mountain_n the_o house_n say_v he_o with_o frequent_a and_o prodigious_a tremble_n nod_v and_o as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v remove_v from_o their_o foundation_n seem_v to_o move_v this_o way_n and_o that_o way_n and_o seneca_n in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o natural_a question_n ch_n 1._o have_v the_o follow_a passage_n we_o be_v tell_v that_o pompeii_n a_o famous_a city_n of_o campania_n be_v subvert_v by_o a_o earthquake_n this_o concussion_n happen_v on_o the_o five_o the_o which_o be_v our_o five_o nones_n of_o february_n under_o the_o consulate_a of_o regulus_n and_o virginius_n and_o occasion_v incredible_a loss_n in_o campania_n which_o though_o it_o be_v never_o free_a from_o these_o motion_n yet_o it_o seldom_o suffer_v by_o they_o that_o which_o seneca_n tell_v we_o happen_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pompeii_n do_v we_o say_v be_v the_o very_a same_o calamity_n which_o visit_v these_o city_n in_o the_o plain_a of_o