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caesar_n commentary_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o bourges_n bourges_n or_o a_o yard_n there_o want_v here_o a_o leaf_n in_o the_o original_a so_o that_o this_o which_o follow_v seem_v part_n of_o a_o oration_n make_v by_o a_o roman_a senator_n in_o open_a senate_n while_o peace_n be_v debate_v debate_v galley_n of_o five_o rank_n to_o a_o bank_n bank_n or_o about_o 80_o fathom_n accord_v to_o the_o greek_a acre_n acre_n it_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v he_o mean_v but_o a_o part_n labour_v at_o a_o time_n and_o when_o weary_a be_v relieve_v by_o other_o other_o colonel_n of_o 1000_o man_n man_n each_o mark_n contain_v eight_o ounce_n ounce_n treasurer_n treasurer_n or_o coelosyria_n coelosyria_n constantinople_n constantinople_n or_o brindisium_fw-la brindisium_fw-la about_o two_o milesand_n a_o half_a half_a hastati_fw-la principe_fw-la &_o triarii_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a order_n order_n or_o horseman_n with_o silver_n shield_n shield_n or_o saviour_n saviour_n this_o tigranes_n have_v a_o son_n also_o call_v tigranes_n tigranes_n the_o victorious_a victorious_a the_o general_a name_n of_o the_o king_n of_o parthia_n parthia_n the_o king_n particular_a name_n name_n colonel_n and_o captain_n captain_n sagitarious_a signify_v a_o archer_n archer_n a_o mile_n and_o half_a half_a a_o thousand_o mâ—les_n mâ—les_n above_o six_o mile_n mile_n take_a in_o crassus_n war._n war._n so_o call_v because_o of_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o tortoise_n shell_n shell_n thirty_o miles_n a_o thing_n almost_o incredible_a though_o so_o good_a a_o historian_n write_v it_o it_o 2500_o mile_n mile_n galatia_n galatia_n one_o a_o cloâ—k_n cloâ—k_n or_o regiment_n of_o guard_n guard_n raguâ—a_fw-la raguâ—a_fw-la a_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n mile_n a_o uncertain_a measure_n measure_n fifteen_o mile_n mile_n captain_n of_o a_o hundred_o mâ—n_z mâ—n_z tuscany_n tuscany_n fifty_o miles_n miles_n gaul_n gaul_n genova_n genova_n note_v there_o be_v 25_o lieutenant_n and_o here_o be_v commission_n but_o for_o 1._o 3._o 3._o 〈…〉_z 〈…〉_z a_o city_n of_o colchis_n build_v by_o castor_n and_o pollux_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v son_n of_o jupiter_n dioscuri_n in_o greek_a signify_v son_n of_o jupiter_n jupiter_n bous_a in_o greek_a signify_v bull_n or_o cow_n cow_n one_o hundred_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n mile_n a_o certain_a kind_n of_o marble_n marble_n or_o bed_n for_o they_o then_o eat_v on_o bed_n bed_n or_o bed_n for_o they_o then_o eat_v on_o bed_n bed_n sclavonian_n sclavonian_n seven_o â—undred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n mile_n one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n mile_n gaul_n gaul_n croat_n or_o those_o of_o the_o county_n of_o zara._n zara._n illyrian_n and_o celtes_n celtes_n austria_n and_o hungaria_n hungaria_n the_o northern_a bavaria_n bavaria_n carsu_fw-la carsu_fw-la dyâ—rhachium_n dyâ—rhachium_n po._n po._n isâ—ria_n a_o peninsulâ—_fw-la in_o the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n venice_n danubeâ—_n danubeâ—_n huns_n huns_n these_o wall_n be_v part_n of_o wood_n and_o part_n of_o stone_n stone_n burbonâ—i_fw-it burbonâ—i_fw-it swiss_n swiss_n canton_n of_o zurick_n zurick_n hollander_n hollander_n those_o of_o the_o diocese_n of_o cambray_n cambray_n savoyard_n savoyard_n dutchy_n of_o zupthen_n cleves_n and_o berg._n berg._n one_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n mile_n carâ—agena_n carâ—agena_n toâ—cany_n toâ—cany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d oblivio_n or_o limia_n limia_n lethe_n or_o limia_n limia_n scipio_n boom_n boom_n terraconensis_fw-la boetica_fw-la lusitania_n lusitania_n tuscany_n tuscany_n aventine_n aventine_n ptolemy_n and_o cleopatra_n brother_n and_o sister_n sister_n five_o mile_n mile_n tuscany_n tuscany_n duchy_n of_o spoletto_n spoletto_n the_o march_n of_o ancoma_n ancoma_n those_o of_o the_o basilicate_a basilicate_a abruzzo_n abruzzo_n garigliano_n garigliano_n clarimont_n clarimont_n praetexta_fw-la praetexta_fw-la boiona_n boiona_n abruzzo_n abruzzo_n troâ—ja_n troâ—ja_n salpe_n salpe_n canosa_fw-la canosa_fw-la a_o place_n so_o call_v from_o the_o beak_n of_o ship_n call_v rostra_fw-la take_v from_o the_o enemy_n and_o set_v up_o here_o here_o tivoly_n tivoly_n military_a military_a laricia_n laricia_n city_n of_o lavinia_n lavinia_n aboâ—t_fw-la twelve_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a half_a genova_n genova_n march_n of_o ancona_n ancona_n palâ—strina_n palâ—strina_n sezza_fw-it sezza_fw-it chiâ—si_fw-la chiâ—si_fw-la ten_o mile_n off_o off_o portugal_n portugal_n moâ—â—iedra_n moâ—â—iedra_n mount_n s._n angelo_n angelo_n march_n of_o ancona_n ancona_n tribune_n of_o the_o people_n people_n savoy_n and_o the_o dauphinate_a dauphinate_a according_a to_o buda_n be_v computation_n this_o will_v not_o amount_v to_o above_o forty_o thousand_o pound_n plutarch_n say_v he_o owe_v one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o talent_n which_o according_a to_o the_o same_o compatation_n of_o buda_n will_v be_v one_o hundred_o ninety_o five_o thousand_o pound_n pound_n pompey_n crassus_n caesar._n caesar._n about_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a sterling_a about_o two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o pound_n pound_n twenâ—y_o five_o crowâ—s_n crowâ—s_n france_n france_n about_o four_o hundred_o and_o ten_o mile_n mile_n durazzo_n durazzo_n otranto_n otranto_n leridâ—_n leridâ—_n about_o thirty_o crown_n crown_n jonian_n jonian_n a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o mile_n long_o long_o gerard_n naâ—s_v naâ—s_v septimius_n in_o all_o other_o author_n author_n regiment_n of_o guard_n guard_n tetra_fw-la tetra_fw-la the_o fifteen_o fifteen_o fifty_o miles_n miles_n amatius_n amatius_n arezzo_n arezzo_n praetorian_a cohort_n cohort_n march_n of_o ancona_n ancona_n the_o patron_n and_o son_n of_o the_o patron_n be_v heir_n to_o the_o free_a man._n man._n eight_o hundred_o and_o seuâ—nty_o pound_n sterling_a sterling_a three_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n sterling_a sterling_a almost_o eight_o thousand_o pound_n pound_n of_o dram_n dram_n treasurer_n treasurer_n portugal_n portugal_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o fountain_n or_o spring_n spring_n near_o twenty_o mile_n mile_n above_o forty_o mile_n â—_o â—_o by_o way_n of_o irony_n irony_n of_o arycia_n where_o be_v the_o nymph_n aegeria_n aegeria_n duchy_n of_o milan_n milan_n tuscan_n tuscan_n rostrum_n rostrum_n now_o monteleon_n monteleon_n tore_n de_fw-fr mare_fw-la mare_fw-la pantalarea_n pantalarea_n brigantine_n brigantine_n melazzo_n
and_o i_o shall_v write_v it_o the_o more_o willing_o because_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o treat_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n before_o i_o write_v the_o affair_n of_o egypt_n which_o be_v but_o a_o consequence_n of_o they_o for_o those_o division_n wherein_o cleopatra_n take_v the_o part_n of_o anthony_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o reduction_n of_o egypt_n under_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o that_o i_o may_v settle_v some_o order_n in_o so_o great_a a_o confusion_n of_o thing_n i_o will_v first_o speak_v of_o what_o pass_v from_o the_o gracchi_n to_o sylla_n time_n then_o what_o be_v do_v until_o the_o death_n of_o caius_n caesar_n the_o follow_a book_n shall_v treat_v of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o triumvir_n with_o the_o roman_a people_n and_o against_o one_o another_o until_o the_o last_o and_o great_a of_o these_o misfortune_n i_o mean_v the_o battle_n fight_v by_o caesar_n at_o actium_n against_o anthony_n and_o cleopatra_n where_o i_o intend_v to_o begin_v the_o history_n of_o egypt_n the_o roman_n as_o they_o now_o subdue_v one_o and_o then_o another_o of_o the_o people_n of_o italy_n be_v accustom_v to_o make_v seizure_n of_o a_o part_n of_o their_o land_n to_o which_o they_o send_v colony_n or_o otherwise_o give_v city_n already_o build_v to_o be_v inhabit_v by_o their_o own_o nation_n these_o colony_n be_v place_v in_o the_o conquer_a province_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o garrison_n and_o they_o either_o set_v out_o by_o share_n to_o these_o new_a inhabitant_n such_o land_n as_o be_v fit_a for_o tillage_n or_o otherwise_o sell_v they_o to_o they_o or_o let_v they_o out_o to_o farm_n as_o for_o the_o unprofitable_a ground_n as_o war_n often_o make_v place_n desert_n it_o not_o be_v qualify_v to_o bear_v a_o part_n in_o the_o dividend_n it_o be_v proclaim_v and_o give_v to_o the_o first_o that_o make_v offer_v to_o manure_v it_o on_o condition_n to_o pay_v a_o annual_a tribute_n the_o five_o part_n of_o the_o increase_n of_o tree_n and_o the_o tithe_n of_o the_o corn_n with_o a_o impost_n upon_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n as_o well_o flock_n as_o herd_n thus_o strive_v they_o to_o preserve_v the_o italian_a nation_n esteem_v very_o laborious_a that_o they_o may_v always_o have_v in_o a_o readiness_n soldier_n of_o their_o own_o people_n to_o serve_v they_o upon_o occasion_n but_o the_o success_n prove_v contrary_a to_o their_o expectation_n for_o the_o rich_a undertake_n at_o first_o the_o unprofitable_a or_o desert_a land_n and_o by_o prescription_n of_o time_n not_o only_o assure_v to_o themselves_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o but_o likewise_o join_v to_o they_o the_o dividend_n of_o their_o poor_a neighbour_n either_o by_o force_n or_o by_o money_n become_v possess_v not_o of_o village_n but_o of_o whole_a country_n which_o their_o slave_n improve_v and_o manure_v for_o they_o that_o they_o may_v not_o take_v freeman_n from_o the_o profession_n of_o arms._n thus_o they_o receive_v vast_a revenue_n and_o their_o slave_n still_o multiply_v because_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o go_v to_o war_n the_o most_o powerful_a among_o they_o grow_v prodigious_o rich_a and_o the_o country_n be_v fill_v with_o slave_n whereas_o there_o remain_v but_o very_o few_o of_o the_o italian_a nation_n and_o those_o few_o too_o be_v oppress_v with_o poverty_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o continual_a expedition_n in_o which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o bear_v arm_n and_o the_o cruel_a exaction_n of_o the_o tax-gatherers_a and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n they_o have_v some_o respite_n from_o their_o suffering_n than_o idleness_n corrupt_v they_o have_v no_o land_n of_o their_o own_o to_o manure_v nor_o find_v any_o work_n from_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o slave_n this_o extremity_n trouble_v and_o perplex_v both_o the_o senate_n and_o people_n of_o rome_n who_o with_o grief_n behold_v that_o they_o can_v not_o as_o heretofore_o upon_o any_o sudden_a occasion_n draw_v together_o a_o considerable_a force_n of_o italian_n and_o they_o begin_v to_o fear_v their_o government_n unsecure_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o country_n be_v fill_v with_o such_o multitude_n of_o slave_n they_o seek_v long_a time_n for_o a_o remedy_n to_o these_o inconvenience_n for_o they_o neither_o judge_v it_o easy_a nor_o indeed_o just_a to_o dislodge_v man_n after_o so_o long_a a_o possession_n from_o those_o land_n where_o they_o have_v habituate_v themselves_o and_o be_v at_o great_a expense_n in_o conclusion_n after_o much_o debate_n the_o tribune_n make_v a_o law_n whereby_o all_o person_n be_v prohibit_v from_o keep_v more_o than_o five_o hundred_o acre_n of_o land_n one_o hundred_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o five_o hundred_o sheep_n and_o beside_o they_o design_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o free_a people_n to_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o the_o tillage_n and_o care_n of_o the_o corn._n this_o law_n be_v confirm_v by_o solemn_a oath_n and_o punishment_n decree_v against_o the_o infringer_n of_o it_o it_o be_v design_v likewise_o that_o all_o those_o land_n possess_v by_o any_o above_o the_o proportion_n prescribe_v by_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v equal_o distribute_v among_o the_o poor_a but_o neither_o oath_n nor_o law_n prevail_v those_o who_o appear_v most_o zealous_a in_o the_o observation_n of_o it_o underhand_o make_v contract_n convey_v over_o their_o advance_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o other_o public_o laugh_v at_o it_o till_o such_o time_n as_o tiberius_n gracchus_n of_o noble_a race_n covetous_a of_o glory_n very_o eloquent_a and_o well_o know_v in_o the_o city_n for_o all_o these_o quality_n have_v obtain_v the_o dignity_n of_o tribune_n make_v a_o grave_a speech_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o italian_a people_n much_o lament_v that_o a_o nation_n so_o warlike_a and_o ally_v to_o the_o roman_a people_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o so_o small_a number_n and_o to_o such_o a_o oppressive_a poverty_n that_o there_o scarce_o appear_v any_o remedy_n but_o that_o they_o must_v be_v utter_o extinct_a then_o he_o declare_v against_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o slave_n useless_a in_o war_n and_o treacherous_a to_o their_o master_n a_o fresh_a example_n of_o which_o he_o relate_v of_o the_o slave_n rebel_a against_o their_o patron_n in_o sicily_n where_o the_o slave_n be_v grow_v numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o be_v employ_v in_o husbandry_n have_v raise_v such_o a_o war_n against_o the_o roman_n as_o be_v not_o suppress_v without_o much_o danger_n and_o many_o bloody_a engagement_n this_o speech_n do_v the_o work_n and_o gain_v a_o new_a publication_n of_o the_o law_n concern_v land_n whereby_o it_o be_v forbid_v any_o one_o to_o be_v possess_v of_o more_o than_o five_o hundred_o acre_n add_v to_o it_o that_o the_o child_n of_o the_o family_n may_v be_v possess_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o and_o that_o after_o reduction_n make_v the_o remain_a land_n shall_v be_v divide_v among_o the_o poor_a by_o triumvir_n who_o be_v to_o be_v change_v every_o year_n which_o sore_o grieve_v the_o rich_a man_n who_o dare_v no_o more_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o law_n nor_o for_o the_o future_a buy_v other_o man_n proportion_n for_o gracchus_n to_o prevent_v fraud_n have_v by_o the_o same_o law_n forbid_v all_o such_o kind_n of_o contract_n which_o occasion_v that_o in_o every_o corner_n may_v be_v see_v people_n get_v together_o reproach_v the_o poor_a with_o the_o pain_n they_o have_v take_v in_o manure_v their_o ground_n and_o the_o charge_n they_o have_v be_v at_o in_o building_n cry_v out_o that_o it_o be_v not_o just_a to_o make_v they_o lose_v not_o only_o their_o land_n but_o likewise_o the_o money_n they_o have_v pay_v to_o their_o neighbour_n and_o withal_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o sepulcher_n of_o their_o predecessor_n inter_v in_o those_o ground_n leave_v to_o they_o by_o succession_n other_o demand_v the_o restore_n of_o their_o wife_n dowry_n which_o they_o have_v thus_o employ_v or_o that_o their_o child_n may_v have_v leave_n to_o enjoy_v those_o farm_n they_o have_v settle_v upon_o they_o at_o their_o marriage_n other_o again_o show_v the_o contract_n and_o statute_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o take_v up_o money_n at_o great_a interest_n to_o purchase_v those_o land_n in_o a_o word_n all_o place_n be_v fill_v with_o murmur_a and_o complaint_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v hear_v the_o lament_n of_o the_o poor_a that_o from_o rich_a that_o they_o once_o be_v now_o they_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o extreme_a poverty_n nay_o even_o to_o despair_v have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o feed_v their_o child_n they_o recount_v the_o many_o expedition_n wherein_o they_o have_v serve_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v maintain_v themselves_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o these_o land_n and_o vow_v never_o to_o serve_v more_o if_o they_o be_v not_o restore_v to_o what_o belong_v to_o they_o they_o likewise_o
by_o plague_n famine_n or_o sedition_n ever_o make_v they_o abate_v of_o their_o courage_n but_o at_o last_o have_v baffle_v all_o imaginable_a danger_n for_o seven_o hundred_o year_n together_o and_o triumph_v over_o all_o those_o difficulty_n daily_o oppose_v they_o they_o raise_v their_o empire_n to_o that_o height_n of_o glory_n and_o greatness_n and_o at_o present_a reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o both_o their_o good_a fortune_n and_o prudence_n many_o author_n as_o well_o greek_n as_o latin_a have_v write_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n and_o indeed_o the_o subject_n be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o the_o macedonian_a affair_n though_o they_o â—ere_z in_o their_o season_n possible_o more_o considerable_a but_o for_o my_o part_n after_o have_v well_o consider_v the_o roman_a virtue_n that_o i_o may_v make_v the_o more_o contemplative_a comparison_n of_o it_o with_o that_o of_o other_o nation_n i_o have_v give_v freedom_n to_o my_o thought_n to_o wander_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o from_o carthage_n to_o spain_n from_o thence_o to_o sicily_n or_o macedonia_n and_o fancy_v either_o a_o embassy_n or_o a_o commission_n to_o succour_v the_o oppress_a and_o thence_o like_o a_o perfect_a vagabond_n that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o do_v return_v either_o to_o carthage_n or_o sicily_n i_o have_v collect_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o compose_v this_o history_n i_o inform_v myself_o how_o often_o the_o roman_n send_v ambassador_n or_o army_n into_o sicily_n and_o of_o every_o minute_n action_n they_o perform_v there_o till_o they_o reduce_v it_o under_o that_o obedience_n it_o now_o acknowledge_v i_o inquire_v into_o all_o treaty_n of_o peace_n or_o overture_n between_o one_o or_o tother_o that_o have_v be_v transact_v between_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o roman_a people_n what_o wrong_n one_o have_v do_v to_o the_o other_o and_o what_o loss_n and_o overthrow_v each_o have_v receive_v till_o such_o time_n as_o carthage_n be_v demolish_v and_o africa_n be_v make_v a_o roman_a province_n and_o at_o last_o how_o carthage_n be_v rebuilt_a africa_n come_v into_o the_o state_n we_o now_o find_v it_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o same_o course_n through_o all_o the_o other_o province_n lead_v by_o a_o curiosity_n to_o understand_v all_o that_o the_o roman_n have_v do_v of_o great_a and_o glorious_a to_o know_v the_o sloth_n or_o industry_n of_o every_o nation_n the_o virtue_n and_o fortune_n of_o this_o victorious_a people_n and_o in_o short_a all_o thing_n worthy_a record_v and_o imagine_v it_o will_v be_v no_o unpleasant_a thing_n to_o the_o world_n to_o know_v the_o roman_a history_n in_o this_o manner_n i_o lay_v my_o design_n to_o write_v the_o particular_a action_n of_o every_o province_n by_o themselves_o omit_v what_o in_o those_o time_n be_v do_v elsewhere_o and_o refer_v it_o to_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o order_n i_o look_v upon_o it_o likewise_o as_o unnecessary_a to_o set_v down_o throughout_o the_o whole_a the_o time_n when_o every_o thing_n pass_v 〈…〉_z sufficient_a to_o observe_v it_o in_o affair_n of_o most_o importance_n let_v i_o add_v that_o heretofore_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o one_o name_n like_o other_o man_n in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o add_v another_o and_o it_o be_v not_o long_o since_o that_o some_o of_o they_o take_v a_o three_o the_o better_a to_o make_v themselves_o be_v know_v either_o by_o some_o bodily_a mark_n or_o some_o advantageous_a endowment_n of_o mind_n so_o some_o greek_n likewise_o to_o their_o name_n add_v surname_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v sometime_o make_v use_n of_o all_o their_o name_n especial_o when_o i_o be_o treat_v of_o illustrious_a personage_n to_o the_o intent_n they_o may_v be_v the_o better_o know_v but_o ishall_n call_v many_o as_o well_o of_o the_o one_o as_o the_o other_o by_o those_o name_n most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o the_o order_n and_o method_n of_o this_o history_n it_o be_v take_v from_o the_o time_n in_o which_o these_o war_n be_v begin_v and_o end_v notwithstanding_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o interfere_v which_o be_v omit_v to_o avoid_v confusion_n wherefore_o the_o several_a book_n shall_v take_v their_o title_n from_o the_o matter_n as_o the_o punik_n syrian_n parthian_a mithridatick_a iberian_n and_o hannibal_n war_n etc._n etc._n as_o to_o the_o domestic_a sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o time_n in_o which_o the_o author_n of_o they_o live_v as_o that_o of_o marius_n and_o sylla_n of_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n of_o anthony_n and_o the_o other_o caesar_n surname_v augustus_n against_o the_o murderer_n of_o the_o first_o caesar._n and_o last_o the_o war_n which_o the_o conqueror_n make_v one_o against_o another_o which_o be_v the_o last_o civil_a war_n and_o during_o which_o egypt_n fall_v into_o the_o power_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o affair_n with_o strange_a nation_n shall_v be_v divide_v by_o each_o book_n and_o the_o civil_a war_n by_o the_o chief_n of_o the_o party_n but_o who_o be_o i_o that_o write_v all_o these_o thing_n many_o person_n know_v already_o and_o i_o myself_o have_v declare_v it_o but_o to_o declare_v it_o yet_o more_o public_o i_o be_v bear_v in_o alexandria_n of_o a_o honest_a family_n in_o my_o country_n afterward_o i_o live_v at_o rome_n where_o i_o plead_v cause_n before_o the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o caesar_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o honour_v i_o with_o the_o quality_n of_o one_o of_o their_o procâ—â—atores_fw-la he_o that_o will_v know_v more_o may_v learn_v it_o from_o the_o book_n i_o have_v write_v on_o this_o subject_a appian_n of_o alexandria_n his_o history_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n in_o lybia_n or_o the_o punic_a war_n part_n i._n the_o argument_n of_o this_o book_n i._o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n ii_o a_o brief_a recital_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n iii_o the_o first_o punic_a war_n where_o attilius_n be_v defeat_v by_o xantippus_n iv._o war_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n against_o all_o the_o people_n of_o lybia_n v._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war._n vi._n scipio_n obtain_v commission_n for_o this_o war_n make_v preparation_n and_o advance_n into_o sicily_n vii_o the_o carthaginian_n prepare_v for_o defence_n viii_o the_o occasion_n of_o masanissa_n discontent_n against_o syphax_n and_o the_o carthaginians_n ix_o sâ—â—pio_n land_n in_o afriâ—a_n x._o â—aâ—anissa_fw-la lay_n a_o ambush_n for_o haâ—â—o_n xi_o scipio_n besiegâ—s_v and_o taâ—es_v locha_n xii_o five_o thousand_o african_n defeat_v by_o scipio_n xiii_o scipio_n besieges_fw-fr utica_n where_o syphax_n to_o gain_v time_n propose_v condition_n of_o â—eace_n fourteen_o asdrubal_n and_o syphax_n design_n to_o surprise_v scipio_n xv._n scipio_n call_v a_o council_n where_o he_o resolve_v to_o preâ—ent_v 〈◊〉_d enemy_n xvi_o scipio_n assault_v aâ—drâ—bal's_n camp_n by_o night_n take_v it_o pâ—llageâ—_n it_o and_o kiâ—s_v 30000_o men._n xvii_o asdrubal_n upon_o 〈◊〉_d defeat_n be_v condemn_v to_o death_n by_o the_o carthaginian_n but_o yet_o rally_v his_o force_n xviii_o a_o sea-fight_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n xix_o battle_n between_o syphax_n and_o masanissa_n where_o syphax_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n xx._n sophonisba_n syphax_n wife_n send_v her_o excuse_n to_o masanissa_n who_o receive_v she_o and_o then_o poison_v she_o to_o avoid_v the_o deliver_v she_o up_o to_o scipio_n xxi_o hanâ—o_o suborn_v people_n to_o set_v fire_n a_o scipio_n camp_n they_o be_v discover_v and_o put_v to_o death_n xxii_o scipio_n waste_v the_o country_n the_o carthaginian_n consult_v about_o the_o recalling_a of_o hannibal_n yet_o send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o rome_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v between_o the_o two_o estate_n xxiii_o hannibal_n return_v to_o africa_n prepare_v for_o war_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n break_v the_o peace_n by_o pillage_n the_o roman_a ship_n xxiv_o hannibal_n undertake_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o army_n be_v hardly_o put_v to_o it_o by_o scipio_n whereupon_o he_o suâ—â—_n for_o peace_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o but_o the_o people_n will_v not_o consent_v xxv_o hannibal_n confer_v with_o scipio_n who_o force_v he_o at_o length_n to_o give_v battle_n xxvi_o the_o two_o general_n draw_v up_o their_o army_n in_o battalion_n and_o make_v their_o oration_n to_o their_o soldier_n xxvii_o the_o battle_n between_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n where_o hannibal_n be_v defeat_v xxviii_o scipio_n approacheâ—_n carthage_n the_o citizen_n sue_v for_o peace_n which_o be_v grant_v on_o condition_n the_o senate_n ratify_v it_o xxix_o the_o poeple_n oppose_v the_o peace_n yet_o send_v dâ—â—â—ties_n to_o rome_n â—here_o at_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o peace_n be_v ratify_v scipio_n triumph_n xxxi_o difference_n betwixt_o masanissa_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o which_o the_o roman_n concern_v themselves_o xxxii_o the_o great_a battle_n between_o masanissa_n and_o
the_o carthaginian_n with_o the_o siege_n of_o their_o camp_n by_o that_o king_n who_o make_v they_o pass_v under_o the_o yoke_n xxxiii_o the_o roman_n lay_v hold_n on_o the_o occasion_n it_o be_v decree_v in_o the_o senate_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o carthage_n and_o that_o that_o city_n be_v raze_v xxxiv_o the_o consul_n advance_v into_o sicily_n whither_o the_o carthaginian_n bring_v they_o three_o hundred_o of_o their_o child_n for_o hostage_n xxxv_o from_o sicily_n they_o pass_v to_o utica_n where_o the_o carthaginian_n yield_v up_o their_o arms._n xxxvi_o the_o consul_n declare_v to_o the_o deputy_n the_o senate_n resolution_n touch_v the_o demolish_n of_o carthage_n xxxvii_o hanno_fw-la oration_n to_o the_o consul_n to_o move_v they_o to_o compassion_n xxxviii_o censorinus_n answer_v thirty-nine_o the_o carthaginian_n hear_v the_o news_n in_o desperation_n prepare_v for_o war._n xl._o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o carthage_n xli_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o siege_n xlii_o anoble_a act_n of_o scipio_n yet_o but_o tribune_n xliii_o death_n of_o masanissa_n who_o good_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o child_n by_o scipio_n the_o executor_n of_o his_o will._n xliv_o scipio_n draw_v phameas_n to_o the_o roman_a party_n they_o go_v both_o to_o rome_n and_o be_v magnificent_o receive_v xlv_o calphurnius_fw-la piso_n and_o l._n mancinus_n come_v to_o command_v the_o army_n who_o spend_v the_o summer_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n xlvi_o the_o carthaginian_n take_v heart_n and_o contemn_v the_o roman_n xlvii_o scipio_n choose_a consul_n he_o come_v to_o utica_n where_o he_o find_v mancinus_n and_o the_o army_n in_o great_a danger_n from_o which_o he_o dis-engages_a they_o xlviii_o he_o re-establishes_a discipline_n in_o the_o army_n xlix_o he_o take_v the_o place_n of_o megara_n l._n he_o seize_v on_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o peninsula_n where_o he_o fortify_v himself_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n bring_v a_o famine_n into_o the_o city_n li._n he_o block_n up_o the_o port_n of_o carthage_n with_o a_o dam_n and_o the_o carthaginian_n open_v another_o passage_n on_o the_o other_o side_n at_o which_o they_o issue_v out_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o ship_n lii_o a_o sea-fight_n with_o almost_o equal_a loss_n liii_o scipio_n seize_v on_o the_o great_a platform_n or_o bulwark_n before_o the_o wall_n liv._o he_o take_v and_o pillage_n the_o camp_n before_o nephere_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o the_o plain-country_n of_o lybia_n lv._o he_o take_v the_o city_n and_o those_o in_o the_o citadel_n submit_v save_v only_o the_o runaway_n with_o hasdrubal_n wife_n lvi_o he_o send_v the_o news_n to_o rome_n and_o after_o have_v give_v all_o necessary_a order_n in_o africa_n return_v to_o rome_n which_o be_v enter_v in_o triumph_n the_o phoenicians_n build_v carthage_n in_o africa_n fifty_o year_n before_o the_o sack_n of_o troy_n it_o be_v found_v by_o xorus_fw-la and_o carchedon_n or_o as_o the_o roman_n and_o indeed_o the_o carthaginian_n themselves_o will_v have_v it_o by_o a_o tyrian_a lady_n call_v dido_n who_o her_o husband_n be_v privy_o murder_v by_o pygmaleon_n tyrant_n of_o tyre_n which_o be_v reveal_v to_o she_o in_o a_o dream_n convey_v aboard_o all_o the_o treasure_n she_o can_v and_o ship_v herself_o with_o some_o tyrian_n that_o flee_v from_o the_o tyranny_n come_v to_o lybia_n to_o that_o place_n where_o now_o carthage_n stand_v and_o upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n refusal_n to_o receive_v they_o they_o demand_v for_o their_o habitation_n only_o so_o much_o land_n as_o they_o can_v compass_v with_o a_o oxhide_n this_o proposition_n seem_v ridiculous_a to_o the_o african_n and_o they_o think_v it_o a_o shame_n to_o refuse_v stranger_n a_o thing_n of_o so_o small_a consequence_n beside_o they_o can_v not_o imagine_v how_o any_o habitation_n can_v be_v build_v in_o so_o small_a a_o patch_n of_o ground_n and_o therefore_o that_o they_o may_v have_v the_o pleasure_n to_o discover_v the_o phoenicians_n subtlety_n they_o grant_v their_o request_n whereupon_o the_o tyrian_n take_v a_o oxhide_n cut_v it_o round_o about_o and_o make_v so_o fine_a a_o thong_n that_o they_o therewith_o encompass_v the_o place_n where_o they_o afterward_o build_v the_o citadel_n of_o carthage_n which_o from_o thence_o be_v call_v hide_n byrsa_n soon_o after_o by_o little_a and_o little_o extend_v their_o limit_n and_o become_v strong_a than_o their_o neighbour_n as_o they_o be_v much_o more_o cunning_a they_o cause_v ship_n to_o be_v build_v to_o traffic_v on_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o phoenicians_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o build_v a_o city_n adjoin_v to_o their_o citadel_n their_o power_n thus_o increase_a they_o become_v master_n of_o lybia_n and_o the_o circumadjacent_a sea_n and_o at_o last_o make_v war_n upon_o sicily_n sardinia_n and_o all_o the_o island_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o even_o in_o spain_n in_o self_n they_o send_v thither_o colony_n till_o at_o length_n from_o so_o small_a a_o beginning_n they_o form_v a_o estate_n comparable_a in_o power_n to_o that_o of_o the_o greek_n and_o in_o riches_n to_o that_o of_o the_o persian_n but_o about_o seven_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o foundation_n of_o carthage_n the_o roman_n win_v sicily_n from_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o after_o that_o sardinia_n and_o at_o length_n in_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n spain_n itself_o after_o which_o these_o nation_n be_v in_o continual_a war_n the_o carthaginian_n under_o the_o command_n of_o hannibal_n waste_v italy_n for_o sixteen_o year_n together_o till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o roman_n command_v by_o cornelius_n scipio_n the_o elder_a deprive_v they_o of_o their_o power_n take_v from_o they_o their_o ship_n and_o elephant_n and_o force_v they_o to_o pay_v tribute_n whereupon_o a_o second_o peace_n be_v conclude_v between_o these_o two_o people_n this_o last_v fifty_o year_n after_o which_o begin_v the_o three_o and_o last_o punic_a war_n in_o which_o the_o young_a scipio_n be_v general_n of_o the_o roman_n carthage_n be_v utter_o ruin_v and_o strict_a prohibition_n make_v of_o rebuilding_n it_o however_o the_o roman_n found_v another_o town_n in_o a_o place_n near_o adjacent_a which_o they_o make_v choice_n of_o for_o the_o great_a conveniency_n of_o keep_v the_o african_n in_o subjection_n now_o because_o in_o our_o history_n of_o sicily_n we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o all_o the_o memorable_a act_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n there_o and_o in_o that_o of_o spain_n what_o pass_v in_o that_o country_n as_o likewise_o in_o that_o of_o hannibal_n all_o the_o action_n of_o that_o captain_n in_o italy_n we_o have_v resolve_v in_o this_o book_n to_o write_v only_o what_o be_v do_v in_o lybia_n â—fter_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o war_n which_o succeed_v that_o of_o sicily_n when_o therefore_o the_o war_n of_o sicily_n be_v end_v the_o roman_n arm_v three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o ship_n with_o which_o they_o make_v a_o descent_n into_o lybia_n where_o after_o have_v reduce_v some_o city_n under_o their_o obedience_n they_o leâ—t_v attilius_n regulus_n to_o command_v the_o army_n this_o general_n gain_v the_o roman_n two_o hundred_o city_n more_o which_o surrender_v to_o he_o be_v weary_a of_o the_o government_n of_o carthage_n and_o press_v forward_o his_o conquest_n he_o spoil_v their_o territory_n even_o to_o their_o very_a gate_n after_o all_o these_o loss_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n believe_v happenâ—ed_v to_o they_o only_o for_o want_n of_o good_a general_n they_o demand_v one_o from_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o send_v to_o they_o xantippus_n attilius_n be_v now_o encamp_v near_o the_o fen_n of_o lybia_n from_o whence_o upon_o intelligence_n of_o this_o captain_n be_v arrival_n he_o advance_v towards_o the_o enemy_n but_o have_v take_v his_o march_n along_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o marsh_n and_o in_o the_o great_a heat_n of_o summer_n his_o soldier_n be_v grievous_o incommode_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o arm_n by_o thirst_n heat_n labour_n and_o the_o dart_n throw_v on_o they_o from_o the_o mountain_n yet_o though_o they_o march_v in_o this_o condition_n all_o the_o day_n come_v towards_o the_o evening_n to_o a_o river_n which_o now_o only_o separate_v the_o two_o army_n he_o forthwith_o make_v his_o man_n pass_v over_o believe_v it_o will_v strike_v a_o terror_n into_o xantippus_n his_o army_n the_o lacedaemonian_a on_o the_o other_o side_n judge_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o overcome_v people_n harass_v in_o that_o manner_n beside_o that_o he_o have_v the_o night_n to_o favour_v he_o present_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n in_o order_n and_o advance_v to_o charge_n attilius_n in_o which_o he_o be_v not_o deceive_v for_o of_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n that_o compose_v the_o roman_a army_n a_o few_o only_o save_v themselves_o in_o the_o city_n of_o aspides_fw-la all_o the_o rest_n be_v slay_v or_o take_v prisoner_n and_o the_o general_n himself_o
and_o lepidus_n have_v usurp_v the_o sovereign_a authority_n which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o the_o people_n the_o dalmatian_n therefore_o oppress_v with_o famine_n because_o all_o passage_n for_o bring_v they_o provision_n be_v cut_v off_o yield_v at_o discretion_n and_o deliver_v seven_o hundred_o hostage_n of_o their_o own_o child_n he_o demand_v of_o they_o the_o roman_a ensign_n which_o gabinius_n have_v lose_v and_o order_v they_o to_o pay_v the_o tribute_n former_o agree_v upon_o by_o c._n caesar_n of_o which_o till_o now_o they_o have_v defer_v the_o payment_n thus_o for_o the_o future_a they_o become_v more_o obedient_a and_o caesar_n send_v away_o the_o ensign_n in_o the_o galley_n call_v the_o octavian_n the_o dalmatian_n bring_v under_o subjection_n the_o derbain_n upon_o the_o news_n that_o caesar_n march_v towards_o they_o send_v he_o likewise_o deputy_n to_o implore_v his_o favour_n with_o offer_n to_o give_v hostage_n and_o pay_v those_o tribute_n 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opinion_n that_o the_o rhetian_o and_o the_o norick_n be_v either_o subdue_v by_o c._n caesar_n when_o he_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o celte_v or_o by_o augustus_n in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o peonian_o for_o i_o find_v not_o that_o any_o roman_a do_v particular_o make_v war_n upon_o these_o nation_n which_o make_v i_o the_o rather_o think_v they_o be_v make_v subject_a at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o their_o neighbour_n true_a it_o be_v that_o marcus_z lucullus_z brother_z to_z lucius_z lucullus_z that_o defeat_v mithridates_n overrun_v all_o mysia_n as_o far_o as_o the_o ister_n near_o which_o there_o be_v four_o greek_a city_n istros_fw-la dionysopolis_n odyssa_n and_o mesembria_n and_o that_o he_o bring_v out_o of_o gaul_n that_o great_a statue_n of_o apollo_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o palace_n but_o i_o do_v not_o remember_v to_o have_v read_v that_o ever_o any_o roman_a that_o have_v command_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n ever_o have_v any_o thing_n far_o to_o do_v with_o the_o mysian_o or_o ever_o force_v they_o to_o pay_v tribute_n no_o not_o augustus_n himself_o as_o for_o tiberius_n who_o be_v emperor_n after_o augustus_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o the_o mysian_o be_v under_o his_o obedience_n but_o i_o have_v speak_v of_o all_o these_o thing_n in_o write_v the_o action_n of_o the_o roman_a people_n before_o the_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n and_o as_o for_o the_o country_n possess_v by_o the_o emperor_n after_o the_o subdue_a of_o egypt_n as_o they_o relate_v to_o their_o particular_a action_n so_o after_o have_v treat_v of_o general_a affair_n i_o have_v write_v a_o particular_a book_n wherein_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o mysian_o in_o divers_a place_n but_o since_o the_o roman_n reckon_v the_o mysian_o among_o the_o people_n of_o illyria_n i_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v this_o mention_n of_o they_o in_o this_o volume_n entitle_v the_o war_n of_o illyria_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v think_v perfect_a if_o i_o have_v not_o set_v down_o that_o a_o long_a time_n before_o lucullus_n command_v under_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n have_v make_v incursion_n into_o mysia_n and_o that_o tiberius_n have_v reunite_v it_o to_o the_o empire_n the_o end_n of_o the_o illyrian_a war_n appian_n of_o alexandria_n his_o history_n of_o the_o roman_a war_n against_o the_o gaul_n part_n i._n book_n vi._n the_o argument_n of_o this_o book_n i._o the_o gaul_n come_v to_o invade_v italy_n be_v several_a time_n defeat_v ii_o caesar_n go_v against_o the_o gaul_n conquer_v they_o and_o be_v the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a general_n that_o pass_v into_o england_n or_o cross_v the_o rhine_n the_o gaul_n be_v the_o first_o of_o any_o people_n in_o the_o world_n that_o come_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o roman_n they_o set_v the_o whole_a city_n on_o fire_n after_o they_o have_v take_v it_o save_v only_o the_o capitol_n camillus_n defeat_v they_o and_o chase_v they_o from_o rome_n and_o sometime_o after_o be_v return_v in_o arm_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n the_o same_o camillus_n again_o defeat_v they_o and_o triumph_v at_o the_o age_n of_o fourscore_o year_n they_o undertake_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o italy_n but_o the_o roman_a army_n command_v by_o t._n quintus_fw-la enclose_v they_o round_o and_o make_v a_o horrible_a slaughter_n after_o that_o the_o burbonâ—i_fw-it boiens_fw-fr the_o most_o valiant_a of_o all_o the_o gaul_n be_v enter_v in_o arm_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n sulpitius_n the_o dictator_n go_v against_o they_o and_o overcome_v they_o by_o this_o way_n of_o fight_v he_o divide_v his_o force_n into_o four_o battalion_n of_o which_o the_o first_o go_v and_o discharge_v their_o pile_n upon_o the_o enemy_n and_o present_o retire_v the_o second_o do_v the_o like_a and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o in_o their_o order_n avoid_v by_o this_o mean_v the_o dart_n throw_v at_o they_o by_o the_o enemy_n and_o after_o they_o have_v all_o discharge_v they_o join_v their_o body_n and_o with_o terrible_a shout_n run_v desperate_o with_o their_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n upon_o the_o gross_a of_o their_o enemy_n for_o they_o think_v the_o gaul_n already_o maim_v with_o shower_n of_o pile_n will_v be_v absolute_o daunt_v when_o they_o see_v themselves_o so_o furious_o charge_v by_o so_o many_o man_n together_o and_o indeed_o all_o the_o army_n of_o the_o boiens_n be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o roman_n who_o with_o much_o bravery_n put_v the_o order_n into_o execution_n now_o the_o pile_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o arm_n differ_v from_o the_o javelin_n for_o the_o shaft_n be_v square_a and_o the_o iron_n of_o the_o same_o length_n with_o the_o shaft_n square_a in_o like_a manner_n and_o only_o sharp_a at_o the_o point_n popilius_n defeat_v likewise_o another_o army_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o after_o he_o camillus_n the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o camillus_n another_o aemilius_z probus_n likewise_o erect_v trophy_n for_o a_o victory_n gain_v over_o the_o same_o nation_n but_o sometime_o before_o the_o consulate_a of_o marius_n a_o prodigious_a multitude_n of_o gaul_n all_o valiant_a man_n and_o in_o the_o flower_n of_o their_o age_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o italy_n and_o into_o the_o narbonese_a province_n where_o have_v beat_v some_o roman_a consul_n and_o pillage_v their_o very_a camp_n marius_n be_v send_v against_o they_o who_o cut_v they_o all_o in_o piece_n the_o last_o and_o great_a of_o all_o the_o war_n the_o roman_n have_v against_o the_o gaul_n be_v under_o caesar_n for_o in_o ten_o year_n that_o he_o command_v in_o gallia_n he_o defeat_v four_o million_o of_o man_n of_o which_o one_o million_o be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o fight_n and_o as_o many_o slay_v he_o reduce_v under_o his_o obedience_n four_o hundred_o nation_n and_o eight_o hundred_o city_n reckon_v as_o well_o those_o who_o be_v revolt_v he_o force_v to_o return_v to_o their_o duty_n as_o those_o he_o conquer_v it_o be_v true_a that_o before_o marius_n fabius_n maximus_n aemilianus_n have_v with_o a_o small_a power_n assail_v a_o vast_a army_n of_o gaul_n kill_v sixscore_o thousand_o of_o they_o in_o one_o only_a battle_n and_o though_o he_o be_v then_o afflict_v with_o a_o wound_n new_o receive_v yet_o he_o perform_v this_o noble_a action_n by_o go_v through_o the_o rank_n sometime_o in_o his_o litter_n and_o sometime_o on_o foot_n sustain_v only_o by_o two_o man_n on_o each_o side_n of_o he_o encourage_v his_o man_n and_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o deal_v with_o the_o barbarian_n to_o proceed_v caesar_n have_v begin_v his_o war_n by_o the_o swiss_n helvetian_o and_o zurick_n tigurian_o put_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o of_o they_o to_o the_o rout_n of_o who_o the_o first_o be_v defeat_v by_o labienus_n his_o lieutenant_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o tricourians_n that_o assist_v they_o by_o himself_o these_o be_v the_o
the_o common_a people_n who_o believe_v that_o this_o man_n for_o who_o sake_n they_o have_v often_o offend_v the_o prime_a man_n of_o the_o city_n and_o without_o consideration_n of_o the_o law_n twice_o make_v consul_n now_o serve_v the_o italian_a ally_n to_o their_o prejudice_n which_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o scipio_n enemy_n they_o run_v up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n exclaim_v that_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o abolish_v the_o law_n by_o arm_n and_o by_o the_o massacre_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o thus_o they_o terrify_v the_o multitude_n in_o short_a scipio_n be_v one_o evening_n retire_v into_o his_o chamber_n with_o table-book_n to_o write_v during_o the_o night_n a_o oration_n he_o be_v to_o make_v to_o the_o assembly_n be_v find_v dead_a without_o the_o appearance_n of_o any_o wound_n whether_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o cornelia_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o gracchi_n who_o fear_v lest_o this_o law_n shall_v be_v abrogate_a have_v for_o a_o accomplice_n sempronia_n her_o daughter_n scipio_n wife_n who_o be_v ugly_a and_o barren_a be_v neither_o belove_v nor_o love_v he_o or_o whether_o as_o some_o believe_v he_o give_v himself_o this_o death_n because_o he_o see_v he_o can_v not_o perform_v what_o he_o promise_v though_o there_o be_v other_o say_v that_o his_o slave_n under_o torment_n confess_v that_o some_o unknown_a man_n they_o have_v let_v in_o at_o the_o back_n door_n have_v strangle_v he_o and_o that_o they_o dare_v not_o discover_v the_o murder_n because_o they_o know_v the_o people_n hate_v scipio_n rejoice_v at_o his_o death_n thus_o die_v that_o man_n so_o serviceable_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n for_o who_o no_o public_a funeral_n be_v celebrate_v so_o much_o do_v present_a indignation_n transcend_v the_o power_n of_o those_o acknowledgement_n the_o people_n owe_v to_o his_o past_a service_n and_o this_o give_v occasion_n of_o increase_n to_o the_o sedition_n about_o the_o law_n concern_v land_n mean_o while_o the_o division_n of_o land_n be_v delay_v by_o reason_n of_o several_a intrigue_n practise_v by_o those_o in_o possession_n and_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o all_o those_o ally_n principal_o concern_v to_o make_v they_o by_o that_o favour_n quit_v all_o other_o pretence_n the_o italian_n be_v herewith_o well_o content_a and_o much_o rather_o will_v have_v choose_v the_o freedom_n offer_v than_o the_o new_a division_n they_o demand_v fulvius_n flaccus_n now_o consul_n and_o likewise_o triumvir_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n stand_v stiff_o to_o this_o proposition_n but_o the_o senate_n can_v not_o endure_v that_o the_o subject_n of_o rome_n shall_v be_v make_v equal_a to_o her_o citizen_n so_o there_o it_o stop_v to_o the_o great_a displeasure_n of_o those_o people_n trouble_v to_o see_v their_o hope_n frustrate_v matter_n stand_v thus_o caius_n brother_n to_o the_o elder_a gracchus_n and_o heretofore_o his_o colleague_n in_o the_o triumvirate_n offer_v himself_o very_o seasonable_o to_o be_v tribune_n he_o have_v lie_v still_o some_o time_n after_o his_o brother_n death_n contemn_v by_o the_o father_n against_o who_o he_o can_v not_o defend_v his_o authority_n but_o have_v put_v himself_o in_o the_o number_n of_o those_o who_o stand_v for_o the_o tribuneship_n he_o carry_v it_o roundly_o to_o the_o general_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o people_n and_o forthwith_o begin_v to_o put_v in_o practice_n all_o way_n possible_a to_o revenge_v himself_o of_o the_o senate_n for_o he_o make_v a_o law_n that_o every_o month_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o wheat_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o people_n by_o head_n at_o the_o public_a expense_n this_o have_v never_o before_o be_v practise_v so_o that_o have_v sudden_o gain_v the_o people_n by_o this_o new_a establishment_n and_o withal_o be_v support_v by_o fulvius_n flaccus_n he_o be_v again_o choose_v tribune_n for_o the_o year_n follow_v for_o it_o be_v already_o enact_v by_o a_o express_a law_n that_o if_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o tribune_n to_o be_v continue_v in_o order_n to_o the_o perfect_a of_o something_o begin_v he_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o of_o the_o competitor_n in_o the_o next_o assembly_n this_o dignity_n be_v then_o prolong_v to_o he_o for_o the_o follow_a year_n and_o the_o people_n already_o engage_v to_o he_o for_o the_o forecited_n favour_n he_o cast_v about_o how_o to_o gratify_v the_o knight_n the_o next_o order_n after_o the_o supreme_a and_o propose_v the_o transfer_v to_o this_o order_n the_o cognizance_n of_o all_o concussion_n public_a extortion_n or_o evil_a management_n of_o office_n and_o charge_n reproach_v they_o with_o the_o fresh_a example_n of_o aurelius_n cotta_n salinator_n and_o manlius_n aquilius_n conqueror_n of_o asia_n all_o which_o be_v accuse_v of_o mis-employing_a the_o public_a treasure_n have_v be_v clear_v by_o the_o corruption_n of_o their_o judge_n which_o be_v likewise_o attest_v by_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o province_n still_o in_o the_o city_n and_o loud_o complain_v of_o the_o injustice_n do_v they_o the_o senator_n be_v so_o ashamed_a to_o hear_v these_o discourse_n that_o they_o never_o oppose_v the_o public_a decree_n so_o that_o the_o cognizance_n of_o those_o crime_n be_v consign_v over_o to_o the_o knight_n and_o it_o be_v report_v that_o at_o the_o ratify_v this_o law_n gracchus_n be_v hear_v say_v that_o the_o power_n of_o the_o senate_n be_v thorough_o quash_v and_o indeed_o the_o consequence_n prove_v the_o say_n true_a for_o another_o order_n be_v henceforward_o judge_n both_o of_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o city_n and_o of_o italy_n nay_o even_o of_o the_o senator_n themselves_o whether_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v a_o pecuniary_a fine_a or_o condemn_v to_o banishment_n or_o infamy_n the_o whole_a power_n seem_v to_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o knight_n and_o the_o senate_n reduce_v to_o depend_v on_o they_o beside_o the_o order_n of_o the_o knight_n contribute_v to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o tribune_n be_v ready_a to_o return_v they_o kindness_n for_o kindness_n the_o senate_n begin_v to_o be_v start_v and_o there_o want_v very_o little_o but_o by_o overturning_a the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o knight_n have_v have_v all_o the_o authority_n in_o effect_n leave_v the_o senate_n only_o the_o honour_n and_o show_v for_o some_o time_n after_o not_o only_o this_o supreme_a order_n be_v submit_v to_o the_o knight_n but_o the_o senator_n daily_o receive_v injustice_n from_o their_o judge_n who_o tickle_v with_o the_o sweetness_n of_o the_o profit_n they_o have_v now_o taste_v abuse_v their_o power_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o infamy_n and_o disorder_n they_o suborn_v accuser_n against_o the_o rich_a and_o enter_v into_o a_o cabal_n elude_v those_o law_n make_v against_o corrupt_a judge_n or_o with_o scorn_n contemn_v they_o hence_o come_v it_o that_o because_o no_o account_n be_v require_v of_o their_o proceed_n a_o new_a sedition_n be_v raise_v because_o of_o judiciary_n law_n which_o prove_v not_o less_o than_o other_o and_o likewise_o last_v some_o time_n gracchus_n likewise_o set_v on_o work_v the_o level_n pave_v and_o repair_v the_o high_a way_n of_o all_o italy_n wherein_o he_o employ_v multitude_n of_o people_n live_v only_o by_o day-labour_n who_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o perfect_o gain_v to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n for_o his_o service_n he_o found_v several_a colony_n and_o oblige_v the_o latin_n to_o demand_v a_o right_n of_o freedom_n of_o the_o city_n allege_v it_o be_v a_o unworthy_a thing_n for_o the_o senate_n to_o hinder_v what_o people_n their_o ally_n desire_v with_o so_o much_o passion_n and_o at_o last_o he_o give_v to_o other_o ally_n a_o right_a to_o give_v in_o their_o vote_n contrary_a to_o ancient_a custom_n because_o he_o hope_v to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o in_o the_o publication_n of_o law_n he_o design_v to_o prefer_v this_o more_o alarm_v the_o senate_n than_o all_o have_v pass_v before_o wherefore_o after_o a_o consultation_n the_o consul_n publish_v their_o defence_n forbid_v all_o person_n not_o have_v right_o to_o vote_n to_o stay_v in_o the_o city_n or_o to_o come_v within_o the_o mile_n five_o stone_n they_o likewise_o draw_v in_o livius_n drusus_n to_o oppose_v all_o law_n propose_v by_o gracchus_n his_o colleague_n without_o give_v any_o reason_n of_o his_o opposition_n before_o the_o people_n which_o liberty_n they_o likewise_o give_v to_o all_o opposer_n whatsoever_o last_o to_o sweeten_v the_o multitude_n they_o grant_v they_o twelve_o colony_n which_o concession_n so_o charm_v their_o mind_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o disgust_v the_o new_a law_n so_o that_o gracchus_n frustrate_v of_o the_o people_n and_o fulvius_n flaccus_n a_o consular_a who_o have_v be_v make_v gracchus_n his_o colleague_n go_v over_o for_o the_o
may_v have_v reduce_v caesar_n engage_v in_o a_o strange_a country_n to_o want_v of_o provision_n and_o beside_o in_o not_o pursue_v to_o the_o upshot_n their_o first_o victory_n three_o day_n after_o the_o defeat_n news_n thereof_o come_v to_o utica_n and_o caesar_n follow_v it_o at_o the_o heel_n all_o man_n dispose_v themselves_o to_o flight_n cato_n hinder_v no_o man_n nay_o he_o give_v ship_n to_o all_o such_o person_n of_o quality_n as_o ask_v he_o but_o for_o himself_o he_o stand_v firm_a and_o when_o those_o of_o utica_n promise_v to_o entreat_v caesar_n for_o he_o before_o they_o do_v for_o themselves_o he_o tell_v they_o smile_v he_o stand_v not_o in_o need_n of_o any_o intercessor_n and_o caesar_n know_v it_o well_o afterward_o have_v put_v together_o what_o money_n and_o paper_n he_o have_v he_o seal_v they_o up_o and_o dispose_v they_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o utica_n towards_o the_o evening_n he_o bathe_v and_o sup_v sit_v as_o he_o at_o other_o time_n use_v since_o pompey_n death_n he_o alter_v not_o a_o jot_n of_o his_o manner_n of_o live_v but_o be_v serve_v after_o his_o accustom_a manner_n and_o discourse_v familiar_o with_o his_o servant_n he_o talk_v of_o those_o that_o be_v go_v if_o they_o have_v a_o good_a wind_n how_o far_o they_o may_v be_v off_o and_o if_o they_o believe_v that_o when_o caesar_n come_v to_o morrow_n they_o will_v be_v get_v out_o of_o sight_n when_o he_o be_v go_v to_o bed_n he_o let_v nothing_o extraordinary_a escape_v he_o only_o he_o embrace_v his_o son_n with_o somewhat_o more_o tenderness_n but_o not_o find_v his_o sword_n near_o his_o bed_n according_a to_o custom_n he_o cry_v out_o he_o be_v betray_v by_o his_o own_o domestic_n who_o have_v not_o leave_v he_o wherewith_o to_o defend_v himself_o if_o his_o enemy_n assail_v he_o by_o night_n and_o when_o they_o beseech_v he_o not_o to_o make_v any_o attempt_n upon_o his_o life_n but_o to_o repose_v without_o his_o sword_n he_o tell_v they_o to_o oblige_v they_o to_o believe_v he_o if_o i_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o die_v can_v not_o i_o knock_v my_o head_n against_o this_o wall_n or_o strangle_v myself_o with_o the_o clothes_n that_o i_o wear_v or_o throw_v myself_o headlong_a down_o or_o stifle_v myself_o with_o stop_v my_o breath_n with_o these_o word_n and_o some_o other_o he_o persuade_v they_o to_o lay_v his_o sword_n in_o its_o place_n that_o do_v he_o desire_v there_o may_v be_v bring_v he_o that_o book_n plato_n write_v concern_v the_o soul_n which_o he_o read_v quite_o over_o and_o when_o he_o think_v those_o who_o keep_v guard_n at_o his_o door_n sleep_v he_o thrust_v his_o sword_n into_o his_o belly_n his_o entrail_n come_v out_o at_o the_o wound_n some_o groan_n hear_v by_o those_o at_o the_o door_n oblige_v they_o to_o run_v in_o with_o chirurgeon_n who_o put_v his_o entrail_n again_o still_o warm_a as_o they_o be_v into_o his_o body_n sow_v up_o the_o wound_n and_o after_o have_v lay_v to_o it_o a_o plaster_n and_o roll_v it_o up_o his_o sense_n be_v come_v to_o he_o he_o feign_v to_o repent_v himself_o of_o the_o fault_n he_o have_v commit_v thank_v they_o that_o they_o have_v help_v he_o and_o tell_v they_o that_o now_o he_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o some_o repose_n but_o after_o they_o be_v go_v carry_v with_o they_o his_o sword_n and_o have_v shut_v the_o door_n that_o nothing_o may_v disturb_v his_o rest_n whilst_o they_o think_v he_o sleep_v he_o get_v off_o by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o râ—ller_n and_o sewing_n of_o the_o wound_n and_o pull_v out_o his_o entrail_n tear_v they_o with_o his_o finger_n and_o nail_n and_o so_o die_v in_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n he_o be_v esteem_v the_o grave_a and_o most_o firm_a in_o his_o resolution_n of_o all_o man_n live_v who_o judge_v not_o of_o what_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a by_o what_o the_o people_n practise_v but_o by_o strong_a and_o generous_a reason_n he_o espouse_v martia_n the_o daughter_n of_o philip_n who_o have_v never_o before_o be_v marry_v he_o love_v she_o dear_o and_o have_v child_n by_o she_o and_o yet_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o friendship_n he_o bear_v to_o hortensius_n who_o have_v no_o child_n and_o passionate_o desire_v to_o have_v one_o he_o resign_v she_o over_o to_o he_o till_o such_o time_n as_o his_o friend_n have_v a_o son_n and_o then_o take_v she_o home_o again_o as_o if_o he_o have_v only_o lend_v she_o such_o be_v cato_n those_o of_o utica_n celebrate_v for_o he_o magnificent_a funeral_n and_o caesar_n hear_v the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n say_v cato_n envy_v the_o glory_n i_o may_v have_v get_v by_o do_v a_o noble_a action_n and_o yet_o when_o cicero_n write_v a_o book_n in_o praise_n of_o his_o death_n and_o call_v it_o cato_n caesar_n write_v another_o and_o call_v his_o book_n anticato_fw-la when_o juba_n and_o petreius_n have_v hear_v what_o have_v happen_v and_o see_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o hope_n of_o flight_n or_o safety_n they_o slay_v each_o other_o with_o their_o sword_n in_o a_o chamber_n where_o they_o have_v eat_v together_o caesar_n make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mauritania_n tributary_n and_o give_v the_o government_n to_o crispus_n salustus_n he_o pardon_v those_o of_o utica_n together_o with_o cato_n son_n and_o find_v in_o that_o city_n a_o daughter_n of_o pompey_n with_o two_o child_n he_o send_v she_o to_o her_o brother_n without_o do_v she_o the_o least_o unkindness_n but_o he_o put_v to_o death_n all_o he_o can_v find_v of_o those_o three_o hundred_o which_o they_o call_v a_o senate_n as_o for_o lucius_n scipio_n general_n of_o the_o defeat_a army_n the_o wave_n cast_v he_o into_o the_o enemy_n fleet_n from_o whence_o see_v no_o way_n to_o escape_v he_o run_v his_o sword_n through_o his_o body_n and_o throw_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n thus_o caesar_n end_v the_o war_n in_o africa_n be_v return_v to_o the_o city_n he_o enter_v triumphant_a over_o four_o several_a nation_n the_o first_o triumph_n be_v over_o the_o gaul_n many_o of_o who_o people_n he_o have_v subdue_v and_o bring_v under_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o reduce_v to_o obedience_n those_o that_o be_v revolt_v the_o second_o over_o pharnaces_n the_o three_o over_o the_o african_n that_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n for_o scipio_n wherein_o be_v lead_v captive_a the_o son_n of_o king_n juba_n yet_o a_o child_n who_o afterward_o become_v a_o historian_n and_o the_o four_o of_o the_o egyptian_n defeat_v in_o a_o fight_n by_o water_n on_o the_o nile_n but_o this_o triumph_n be_v place_v between_o the_o gaul_n and_o the_o pontic_a though_o he_o triumph_v not_o over_o the_o roman_n because_o they_o be_v his_o fellow_n citizen_n which_o have_v be_v no_o glory_n to_o he_o and_o a_o shame_n to_o the_o roman_a people_n yet_o in_o the_o pomp_n be_v carry_v picture_n of_o all_o those_o defeat_v and_o the_o pourtraicture_n of_o the_o man_n save_v only_a pompey_n which_o he_o dare_v not_o show_v because_o of_o the_o grief_n all_o man_n have_v for_o his_o loss_n yet_o fresh_a in_o memory_n yet_o the_o people_n forbear_v not_o shed_v tear_n for_o his_o misfortune_n especial_o when_o they_o know_v l._n scipio_n general_n of_o a_o roman_a army_n with_o his_o breast_n wound_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n precipitate_v himself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o see_v petreius_n perish_v in_o the_o dine_a room_n and_o cato_n tear_v out_o his_o bowel_n like_o a_o fierce_a beast_n for_o achillas_n and_o photinus_n the_o sight_n of_o they_o be_v as_o please_v as_o the_o flight_n of_o pharnaces_n which_o make_v all_o the_o world_n laugh_v it_o be_v say_v that_o in_o these_o triumph_n they_o carry_v sixty_o thousand_o talent_n and_o a_o half_a of_o silver_n money_n with_o two_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o twenty_o two_o crown_n of_o gold_n weigh_v twenty_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o pound_n he_o distribute_v to_o every_o soldier_n five_o thousand_o attic_a dram_fw-la to_o every_o captain_n double_a to_o the_o colonel_n and_o captain_n of_o horse_n four_o time_n as_o much_o and_o to_o all_o the_o people_n a_o mina_n by_o the_o head_n beside_o he_o exhibit_v divers_a pleasant_a spectacle_n horse-racing_a music_n combat_n on_o foot_n of_o a_o thousand_o against_o a_o thousand_o on_o horseback_n of_o two_o hundred_o against_o two_o hundred_o and_o another_o fight_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n together_o he_o make_v likewise_o twenty_o elephant_n fight_v against_o twenty_o he_o represent_v likewise_o a_o sea-fight_n wherein_o be_v four_o thousand_o rower_n and_o a_o thousand_o fight_a man_n on_o a_o side_n he_o likewise_o cause_v a_o temple_n to_o be_v build_v to_o venus_n according_a to_o the_o vow_n he_o have_v make_v before_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsalia_n and_o near_o to_o that_o