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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35020	The general history of the Quakers containing the lives, tenents, sufferings, tryals, speeches and letters of the most eminent Quakers, both men and women : from the first rise of that sect down to this present time / being written originally in Latin by Gerard Croese ; to which is added a letter writ by George Keith ...	Croese, Gerardus, 1642-1710.; Keith, George, 1639?-1716.	1696 (1696)	Wing C6965; ESTC R31312	344,579	528

from this time forward as to what Places he went so with whom he conversed and whom he should shun and when he found there were some who laid in wait for him to trepan him and hale him to Prison he immediately hastened away He did also moreover advise his Party by his Letters and Pamphlets that all of them should make it their business and endeavour to do nothing against the King's Authority and the Common-weal and allow of nothing in that kind which might be avoided by them Besides this Fox proceeded to write many things even against their Adversaries but in such a manner as not to set forth so much what his own Sentiments were as what he wrote and in what place he wrote it Which sort of Life Fox from thence forward led even to his Death that all his Actions both in the middle and last part of his Life might be like unto those he had practised in the beginning so that I judge it needless to say many more words concerning Fox in this Treatise unless something that is altogether new and strange should occur And thus did almost all the Quakers behave themselves now more cautiously and circumspectly among their Adversaries neither did they so often and constantly make a noise in the Churches and Publick places neither did they Act those Fooleries where there was a Concourse of People and utter such ridiculous Bablings neither when they were brought before the Magistrate did they talk so uncivilly abruptly and foreign to the purpose as they had been wont to do neither did they Answer when the Judges asked them what their Name was what Country-men they were where they lived that they were of the Land of Canaan and that they lived in God so that as the Time even so their Manners changed yea from henceforward these Men wrote and published in England not only Pamphlets but Books in which they handled the Heads of things not at large only and confusedly but curiously and distinctly and did Argue in them first against the Opinions and Tenets of the Principal Episcoparians and then against those of other Dissenters which they did not approve of and this in a neat and orderly way of Argumentation not by wrangling but examining every Proposition and coming up to the Merit of the Cause and by admirable Skill arriving at their designed Conclusion neither did they urge those things which they taught and believed by a rude and disjointed way of Reasoning but clearly and openly and explicated the same at large and strenuously defended it Which Method was vigorously pursued by Samuel Fisher who was the chief Man and the Ornament of the whole Sect. Moreover some of them were not afraid to Discourse Argue and Dispute with the Adverse Party yea and when need required with the very Ministers of the Publick Church concerning their own and the others Doctrine and Concerns Which sort of Disputation was held this very first Year at Hereford between two City Ministers and three Preaching Quakers Howgil Burroughs and Cross wherefore from henceforward these People the Quakers began gradually and by little and little to stand up and to increase in number and strength and to be reckoned and used as one of the Sects of the Christian Religion Things were at the same pass with these Men in Scotland saving that their Affairs did not thrive so fast there until the arrival of two Men of great Fame and Reputation amongst all the Quakers Geroge Keith and Robert Barclay by Name by whose Labour Toyl and Industry the whole Doctrine of the Quakers especially their chief Dogms Principles and Fundamentals were very much illustrated and confirmed and because this is the first place where we meet with the Names of these Men and that hereafter mention will be made of them upon various Accounts we shall in a few words acquaint those who do not know it what sort of Men these are they were both of them Scots but there is only one of them to wit Keith that is yet alive Barclay the other being dead George Keith was at first of the Reformed Religion and a Student of Philosophy and Divinity as soon as he commenced Master of Arts and was more especially had in esteem for a good Mathematician he did afterward become a Chaplain or Minister of God's Word in a certain Noble Family But seeing that he was always transported with a desire of searching after and learning somewhat that was new and alighted upon these late Sectaries he did in a short time embrace their Doctrine and arrived to be one of the chief Speakers and Holders forth amongst them This Man after many Toyls Wanderings and Perambulations went at last into that part of America which from the Owner thereof is called Pensylvania and there in their Church and Latin School of Philadelphia exercised the Office of a Teacher Robert Barclay was a Gentleman of Scotland the Son of that same David Barclay whose Book we have made mention of a little before his Father had sent him to the City of Paris the Capital of France and there was brought up in good Literature and after a manner that suited to his Quality and those Noble Youths that were his Fellow-Students But this Young Man had an Uncle in that City that was Principal of the Scotch Popish College there to whose Precepts when Barclay had for some time attended he leaves the Reformed Religion and turns Papist which when his Father came to know he sends for him home and as he himself in the mean time was turned Quaker he also endeavours to induce his Son to embrace the same way but he seeing he had in all other things been Observant to his Father refuses and says he could not in so great and weighty a thing as that was hearken to him But when he had not long after come to one of the Meetings of the Quakers he suddenly turns about and becomes throughly one of them being now Eighteen Years of Age and from thence forward for a great part of his Life was as it were the Legate or Messenger of the Quakers in their weightiest Affairs it 's also said that he was descended from John Barclay that notable Writer of Heroick Verse and Satyr and whose Name it 's enough to mention Keith wrote many things in English wherein he does clearly Teach Explain and Confirm those chief Points of their Doctrine which Fox and others had neither so distinctly handled nor so artificially and dexterously propounded and vindicates the same from the Objections and Exceptions of their Adversaries which afterward all the rest of the Quakers greedily snatched at and would appropriate and reckon among the Opinions of the Quakers excepting two or three Articles which they left alone as peculiar to himself He was indeed the first of them all who taught polished and perfected those Principles concerning the Seed and Light within immediate Revelation the Eternal Divine and Spiritual Filiation of Jesus Christ for so do all

but he was forthwith and without any delay in the presence of all that were there according to the Military Practice of some Men so beaten and kick'd by the Colonel himself because he ought above any other to have desisted from such doings and practices as he had then taken upon him that he made him bleed and then was sent back to his old Prison and tyed Neck and Heels there But as there were many of Ames's fellow Soldiers and also other Soldiers who by little and little became of the Quakers Sect several of them having taken Counsel together and allotted their Work did either use their babling Interruptions in the Publick Assemblies while they were at Prayer or Preaching or fell a Trembling there or shewed some such idle and foolish Prank this Example was followed by many others both of the one and of the other Sex wherefore they were ever and anon one after another fined driven to Prisons and in some places miserably harrassed some of them were severely lashed but the Soldiers more than any until the Year Fifty Six when Colonel Ingoldsby the Governour commanded all upon a very severe Penalty to give no manner of Entertainment to any Quaker whatsoever and not suffer them to come within their Doors and that whoever did to the contrary should be expelled out of the City But it was to no purpose some indeed were driven away but their Number did even then and by that means increase and so by degrees came to hold their Assemblies Officers were sent to break open their Doors and to interrupt and disturb them some they fined others were banished but yet for all this they increased and multiplyed more and more this happened at Limerick Cork Waterford Kingsale and other places And thus did this Sect of the Quakers about the time of their rise and first Progress struggle in the time of the Common-wealth under the two Cromwels Father and Son Protectors under the many Afflictions they were put to by their Enemies and to the great hazzard both of their Religion and People The End of the First Book BOOK II. PART I. The Contents of the Second BOOK THE Endeavours of the Quakers upon the King's Restauration G. Keith R. Barclay The Quakers vain hopes concerning the King The Oath of Allegiance an inexplicable Snare to these Men. Tythes also The Cruelty of Keepers towards them Instances The King and Parliament's Disposition towards them A Letter of Fox the Younger to the King Fox his Book of many Languages concerning the Pronoun Thou Several Laws against the Quakers Hence their various Tryals Hubberthorn Burroughs and Howgil die in Prison A vain Suspicion that the Quakers cherished Popery Their Persecution at London The fall of Priscilla Mo The Burials of the Quakers The Persecuting of them at Colchester A Council held concerning Transplanting of the Quakers into the American Islands This transacted and handled several times The various and strange haps and Adventures of such as suffered this Penalty The Ecclesiastical Court The Law De Excommunicato capiendo Several Examples made upon their refusing to pay Tythes The Death of Fisher in Prison Fox's Three Years Imprisonment The Prophecy of a certain Quaker concerning the Burning of London The Troubles of the Quakers in Scotland and Ireland Keith's Doctrine of Christ being in Man Helmont concerning the Revolution of Souls rejected by the Quakers William Pen's turning Quaker A full Description thereof His singular Opinion concerning a Toleration of all Religions The Ecclefiastical state of the Quakers The Order of their Teachers A Meeting of their Teachers together Synods Liturgies or Sacred Duties How they observe the Lord's Day Their Complaint concerning the Protestants study of Divinity Their Opinion concerning a knowledge of Languages and Philosophy Of the Sallary of the Ministers of God's Word What the Call of Ministers is among them Their Discipline Their Solemnizing of Marriages Keith's Imprisonment Pen's Imprisonment at London Solomon Eccles's Fooleries and mad Pranks in several places Fox's Marriage A great Persecution of the Quakers throughout England accompanied with the greatest baseness Green's Fall Pen again and Mead with him Imprisoned at London They are Tryed Pen's Speech to the Judges A great Persecution in Southwark The notable Zeal of these Men in keeping their Assemblies A short respite from the Persecution G. Fox goes to the English Colonies in America His Imprisonment in Worcester and what was done at that time He writes several Letters more elaborately than profitably A Conference between the Quakers and Baptists R. Barclay's Apology for the Christian Theology variously received A Comparison between the Quietists and Quakers Several Persecutions of the Quakers in England The Assaulting of them in Scotland All manner of Slanders put upon the Quakers Doctrine and Life The Persecution of Bristol Of London The Quakers state under King James the Second W. Pen's Diligence for the Quakers The Quakers Affairs under King William Pen's Default Freedom and Liberty given to the Quakers by the Parliament Pen's second Default The Death of Fox The great Book written by him A Description of Fox The great Dissention between the Quakers themselves The present state of them I Have brought down the History of the Quakers to the Time of King Charles II. in whose Reign and even in the very beginning thereof as great changes happened not only in the State every thing being abrogated and taken away that had been Obstacles to the Kingly Power and Dignity or that might be so for the future but also in the Ecclesiastical Constitution for that Equality and Conjunction that ought to be between the Brethren Friends and Disciples of Christ was taken away whilst the Government thereof reverted to a few and for the most part to the King himself so there was among those Persons who were not dissatisfied with the Name Splendor and Authority of a King but with that turn in the Church no small commotion of Mind no light Care and Diligence not only that they might defend their own Churches with the Orders and Constitutions of them lest they should suffer any damage any other way but also that they might further vindicate all their Practices from the Envy of their Adversaries confirm and trim up the same and recommend them unto others Therefore this Study and Concern also seemed to be among all Persons who had as well departed from that same pitch of Religion as from that publick Religion in the very same manner did George Fox and his Colleagues and all of that Herd even every one according to his Place and Station diligently and industriously apply themselves to this Affair wherefore Fox according to his wonted manner began his Peregrination in England to visit his Friends to Preach amongst them but did not take upon him as formerly to talk in the Publick Churches Markets and Streets and there to stir up the People and seeing that he had before this attempted many things more earnestly than successfully he took diligent heed

satisfaction for any Dammages sustained This was done first in the Synod of Rotterdam An. 57. It happen'd at Goud that one William Tick a Man much addicted to the Quaker's opinions and ways call'd a Council or Assembly of some of his own Gang which the Magistrate looking upon as a Company of Infidels and sending for Tick he would neither declare what his intention was or in the least uncover his head so he was sent into an House of Correction There was a Town not far from Goud in the way to Rotterdam In which Ames had drawn a certain Cooper one Martin's Son into his Society and here this Man also one time inviting Ames to his house gets together there some of his Neighbours to discourse of the Things of Faith and the good ordering of their Lives News of this being brought to the Minister of the Place and known to others they ran from every side to this house crying out That there was a Conventicle of seditious wicked men assembled there Which Tumult roused up Ames so that he walks out in a Calm Mood and very leisurely paces it along but all of a suddain they fall a reproaching him with a thousand opprobrious terms and handle him so at last that if he had not betook himself to his heels he had run in danger of his Life But a little while after these same Men nothing fearing the violence of the Mob reassembling in the same place again some run away and told the Burgomaster what they were a doing And when they had told him what these Men had done heretofore and so being induc'd to believe that these Meetings were Conspiracies against the Common Weal and the peace and security of the State he sent Sergeants and Officers to take Ames and his Landlord and carry them to Rotterdam and there put them in the Bethlem-house I made mention of not long ago Which coming to be known in the City some of the Ministers both of the reformed Church and the Remonstrants too go to Ames to see him and talk with him And they discourse much with him of many points both of his Doctrine and Religion and that several times but he handling things so obscurely and perplexedly to any Man's apprehension that other people could scarcely tell what he would have and they on all occasions starting such objections as he either could not tell how or declin'd to give a plain answer to this Discourse was to no purpose at all Ames published a little book not long after in which he proposes to the Ministers of our reformed Churches 83 questions of several Articles of Faith for them to solve To these Answers James Coleman then a youth and then also of a happy wit and Eloquent Tongue as also one of known piety and probity integrity and uprightness both in life and manners for all those that were any ways considerable for Age or Learning despis'd and pass'd by in silence as things not worth the minding those little triffling questions of this Quaker propos'd onely for ostentation and shew and that lest these people should boast themselves as if we were silent and refus'd to answer them in despair of the Victory And he answered them not with a youthful heat but with moderation and wisdom And this young Man in like manner proposed 60 questions to Ames and the rest of his Brethren the Quakers that they might have whereon to exercise themselves and shew their wit and parts Now whilest Ames was consined to this solitary place he spent his time principally in Writing And so besides several Letters to his friends he makes and publishes a reply to Coleman's Answers not forreign indeed from the purpose but bitter and not to be suffered in those that so much reprehend the same fault in others But as to the Questions that Coleman proposed to the Quakers those not Ames but Higgins Answers but so as not onely partly declining that wherein the State of the Case lay partly improperly and absurdly partly obscurely and in dark terms but also roughtly and with ill Language he mannages and if it were but by this alone betrays his cause Ames at last being set at liberty from this place comes to Leyden and there also going on with the same work as before he was cast into such another like place full of Spiders and Cobwebs and there he was kept till the Burgomaster weary of his Idleness or Misery and Sickness sent him away from thence Then away he travels into other provinces of Holland 'T is a wonder he being a Man than whom there was scarce any of those people more forward and travelling over so many Towns and Places understanding both Languages very well both English and Dutch and bestowing so much labour and pains amongst all sorts of People that there were no more that joyned themselves with him and the Quakers not even in the most populous Cities where there were so many Inhabitants English and all sorts and kinds of Men and some very near the Quakers in a great many things But as the coming and motion of these Men had rais'd these little Disturbances here and there and greater troubles and confusions were fear'd in other places these things principally stir'd up the Carefulness and Diligence of the Clergy every where as there was occasion to be on the watch and look out least they should cause any inconvenience or do any damage to their flock And so this gave occasion to the Synod of Goud An. 59. To make this decree that all Pastors should take a diligent observation of these Quaker's Meetings and the books they should disperse and apply themselves to the Magistrates by their Authority to suppress these things and that if these Men should any where give any Trouble to our People the Ministers of the word should well confirm the minds of their Auditors in their Sermons Catechisings and Visitations After this there was little heard of the Quakers For it was a long while before the people knew what the Quakers were Whence at first they were look'd upon as a poor sort of people without a Name or place of habitation as a kind of Fools and Madmen Then as an unquiet and troublesome sort of people For which reasons they were cast into Bonds and Prisons And at last they were accounted for bringers up of some new Sects of Religion which wanted a new place of residence And therefore now as defiled persons they seem'd fit to be removed a far off Some therefore in their progress sate down amongst the Anabaptists or Mennonites an unquiet sort of people alwaies hunting after Novelties Others are believ'd to have gone over to the Socinians a pestilent deceitful sort of Hereticks from whom nevertheless they are so far off that except the Papists there 's none they are more averse from It happen'd that in the year 64 the Socinians of which there was a great Number in those Countries every day grew more and more and made some