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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	see_v	write_v	year_n	3,146	5	4.6224	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01847	A short discourse of the three kindes of peppers in common vse and certaine special medicines made of the same, tending to the preseruation of health.	Baley, Walter, 1529-1592.	1588 (1588)	STC 1199; ESTC S100520	16,124	46

countries which haue seene the trees and gathered the fruits do witnes that not one and the same tree but diuers and different do beare these spices And that the plants which do beare white pepper and blacke pepper are not trees of any bignes but weake shrubs which do clime vp by other trees as an Iuie doth in this our countrie And haue leaues like to the apple tree called Malum Assyrium and do carrie their fruit in clusters like the clusters of grapes of vine trees which are alway greene vntill they wax ripe And Garcia who liued in these parts writeth that the plant which yeeldeth the white pepper doth in kind differ from that which beareth the blacke pepper and yet are so like that no man can know the one from the other but they which do dwell there For saith he they do so differ as the vine tree which beareth the white grape doth differ from that which yeeldeth the red grape and as we cannot know the difference of these vine trees but when the grape is ripe so we cannot discerne the plant which yeeldeth the white pepper from that which beareth the blacke pepper and yet saith he it is certaine that the same tree which bringeth foorth the blacke pepper doth not yeeld the white pepper He saith also that the white pepper tree is not so common in these countries as the other is and that the same is not to be seene but in certaine places of Malauar and Malachae The same Garcia writeth that the tree of which long pepper is gathered doth greatly differ from the other forenamed pepper trees and that long pepper is a fruit depending of the tree in like sort as we see things to hang downe in our hasell nut trees and in our birch trees and that this fruit wil neuer yeeld either white or blacke pepper By this discourse we do vnderstand that the pepper tree is not like to the Iuniper tree as Plinie writeth in his 12. boke And Garcia also saith that the roote of the pepper tree is very little So that it is not like to ginger as some beleeued in Dioscorides time nor like to the roote of Costus as Dioscorides writeth And heerby also we are to vnderstand that the old saying is fabulous and vntrue that pepper is made blacke with fire For the marchants which brought the peppers said that serpents and venemous beasts did vse much to be vnder these pepper trees and that they were driuen to fray away those serpents with making fires vnder the trees before they durst gather the peppers and so the pepper was made black by the fire But now we learne by the histories penned by the latter writers that all this is vntrue and that blacke pepper is of that colour by his owne kinde when it is ripe and so that white pepper is of his owne kind euen of that colour when it is ripe As the red grape hath that colour naturally when it is ripe and the white grape keepeth his colour euen to his full ripenes Wherefore those writers were much deceiued which affirmed that white and black pepper were of one tree and that white pepper was the fruit not throughly ripe and that blacke pepper was the same perfectly ripe For say they as in our country when we gather apples all of the same tree are not of like ripenes some not full ripe some full ripe some ouer ripe and all are gathered at one time so say these men when the marchants do gather pepper some graines are throughly ripe and they black and wrinkled some not full ripe and they whiter in colour and smoothe not wrinkled But it appeereth by that which they haue deliuered to vs which haue seene and gathered both these kinds of peppers that they are gathered of seuerall trees and that ech doth perfectly ripe in his kind and ech retaine his colour the white graine when it is ripe keepeth the white colour and the blacke pepper when it is ripe keepeth his blacke colour Euen as the white grape being ripe remaineth white and the red grape red and yet ech do come of seuerall vine trees different in kinde So we are to thinke of these kinds of pepper that ech doth come of his proper tree and each ful ripe retaineth his naturall colour the white pepper his and the blacke his colour as doth euidently appeere by that which Garcia hath written in his first booke De aromat Indiae That the Greeke ancient writers did erre in expressing the history of these peppers it is no maruel for in that their coūtries were far distant from the prouinces frō whence these peppers came that they themselues could not search out a truth but followed the report of marchants which tell many vntruthes they were easily deceiued and so did set down in their bookes for verities many vntrue relations of the marchants But that the Arabians did commit the same errors whose countrie was not far distant from the places where pepper doth grow their grosse negligence in searching the true knowledge of simples can not be excused who would rather followe heerein that which was written by the Grecians than themselues search out a truth Matthiolus in his commentaries vpon Dioscorides witnesseth that many pepper trees are set to be seene at Naples and at Venice and diuers affirme that these trees are planted in diuers places in Spain and in Portingall But I could neuer vnderstand that any pepper tree was at any time brought into England I haue often seene at Poole in Dorsetshire and also in London the whole clusters of pepper preserued in brine and in salt these clusters are long and thin not so thicke togither as the clusters of grapes Long pepper is to be seene in euery shop for the whole fruit is brought by the marchants gathered togither like scales rough vneuen biting the toung like the other peppers We do read of another kind of pepper brought out of the Indians which the Portingals called Piemento de Rabo in Latin Piper caudatum and may be englished taile pepper Clusius in his annotations in Garcia seemeth to haue known this kind of pepper and saith that it is like to the cubebs and that it hangeth in clusters is very spicie and hath a little stalke or stem This kind is not now brought for the king of Portingall did forbid any to bring it fearing least it might decay the price and sale of the other kindes Monardis also in his booke De plantis Indiae maketh mention of another kind of long pepper different from the common long pepper and is much hotter than the common long pepper and more pleasant to the taste than black pepper Where the latter writers in the historie of pepper do diuide long pepper into the garden and wild this kind written of by Monardis is supposed to be the wilde long pepper and the common long pepper the garden or domesticall The latter writers in the historie of pepper do write of

not haue this medicine often vsed after meate In the medicine called Diaspoliticō al the simples must be pounded in grosse maner for so the medicine will more loose the belly and by staieng longer in the stomack further concoction if the things be finely powdered into dust as the medicine will little or not at all make the belly laxatiue so it will prouoke vrine and sweate to the intention of this medicine The like manner is to be obserued in confecting of Diatrion pipereon that if an intent be to haue the medicine stay in the stomacke and guts to warme those parts to digest crude humours in them or to loose the belly the simples must be pounded grossely but if we haue a purpose to open obstructions to warme the inner veines to prouoke vrine or sweate althings must be beaten into fine powder By which discourse that question is easily answered which some latter writers do moue about the beating of the kindes of pepper whether the same ought to be beaten finely or grosly For some do affirme that pepper is alwaies to be beaten grosly for so it will remaine longer time in the stomacke and will the lesse heate the liuer and the blood Some other doo maintaine a contrary opinion and that by Galen himselfe who in the 5. booke De sanit tuend cap. 8. After meats which do bread stoppages in the body take saith he the medicine called Diacalaminthe and if you haue not it ready take Diatrion pipereon and if that be not at hand take white pepper beaten into fine powder diligently sersed mingle the same with the meate and sprinkle it to your drinke And in the same booke the 10. cap. Galen prescribeth a ptisane in which the dust or fine powder of white pepper is mingled And in the 6. booke De sanit tuend cap. 14. Galen giueth pepper alone as finely powdered as may be By these counsels of Galen these men do conclude that pepper ought alway to be beaten into fine powder by Galens doctrine Neuerthelesse these men in mine opinion do not with diligent care cōsider Galens intention in these and the like places neither well haue marked the scope and cause why Galen in these places doth aduise to pound pepper into fine powder for if they had well considered that Galen writeth they might haue vnderstood that he giueth pepper so finely beaten to remoue the obstructions and stoppages for so before he did admonish that things beaten into thin powder passe into the body better and sooner do remoue obstructions and contrariwise that which is grosly beaten doth stay in the belly longer and better warme those parts better digest crude and rawe humors gathered in them and do more effectually discusse wind to these latter intents pepper is to be beaten grosly especially in this our country in which men commonly do seed vpon grosse and slimy meats and so do heape in the parts of the belly and first veines manie crude and grosse humors that pepper ought in this region to be beaten most grosly that it may therby be occasioned to stay the longer in the belly so to warme the same the better and the better to concoct and extenuate such grosse and crude humors for the heat of this medicine as Galen writeth is founded in so subtil a substāce that the same is extinguished before it can come to the liuer then if you shall beate the medicine finely the heate wil so soone be exhausted and spent that it will neither sufficiently warme the belly neither in good sort concoct those crude and rawe humors Wherefore I do thinke it verie needfull for our apothecaries to pownd pepper alway grosly in the medicine Diatrion pipereon For if we shall need withall to open obstructions we may prescribe the medicine called Diacalaminthe and so we may mingle it to Diatrion pipereon or as occasion serueth giue it alone wherefore I hold it best to follow Galen his precept which is that alway things be powdered finely and in subtill manner when our purpose is to remoue obstructions or to digest cut and absterge crude rawe slimy and grosse humors which are in the inner veines and habite of the body or meane to prouoke sweat or vrine but if our meaning be to increase heate in the parts of the belly to concoct humors there and in the first veines or to make the bellie loose then things are to be beaten in grosse powder The priuate properties of the medicine called Diaspoliticon THis medicine doth make the bellie loose and bringeth out meate which corrupteth in the stomacke and is speciall good for them which haue a cold bellie or declining to cold For it maketh thinne grosse phlegme and expelleth flatulent winde See Galen in the fourth booke De sanitate tuenda The particular faculties and properties of Diatrion Pipereon DIatrion pipereon is of great efficacie and doth much good in all colde diseases of the stomacke in sower belkes in quartaine feauers in palsies in euill affected liuers in them which haue their bellies blowen vp with winde Diatrion pipereon confected after the description of Mesues is chiefly commended in fluxes from the head to the breast good generally to the coldnes of the cheste and to coughes which do proceed of a colde cause That the excellent and rare vertues of this medicine called Diatrion pipereon might the better be known I thought good in this place to remember the reader what is written in the booke intituled Secretorum which booke is ascribed to Galen in which booke we reade in this maner A certaine friend of mine being about the age of 70. yeeres complained of a coldnes in all the parts of the bodie insomuch that his memorie failed him and he had paine in his ioints and then I made for him this medicine called Diatrion pipereon and it was a wonder to see how he recouered in the space of a fortnight And I made triall in many which were sicke of diseases of the bladder of the heade and of the iointes occasioned by colde and crude humors and it is found speciall good in a cough of cold phlegme in weakenes of the stomacke For it breaketh grosse winde digesteth meat prouoketh appetite resolueth crude humours strengtheneth the stomacke euerie way restoreth memory cleareth the voice putteth backe grey heares remedieth the goute which commeth of a colde cause And in generall whosoeuer aged doth vse much this medicine he shall not need any other helpe to preserue his health The priuate properties of the medicine called Diacalaminthe IT cutteth grosse and slimy humors and occasioneth the same to be clensed by the skin by sweate prouoketh vrine and the monthly courses in women as Galen witnesseth in the 4. booke De sanit tuend it is good for them which do abhor meat for the vse of it prouoketh appetite it remedieth the shortnes of breath and helpeth them which finde a coldnes in their stomacks and which haue their sides and bellies blowen vp with winde as