st._n peter_n of_o his_o commission_n all_o this_o be_v very_o grave_o relate_v by_o the_o legendary_n yea_o the_o impudence_n of_o these_o knave_n proceed_v to_o that_o point_n as_o in_o the_o nine_o century_n to_o conciliate_v authority_n to_o these_o fabulous_a relation_n several_a council_n be_v assemble_v at_o lymoges_n where_o with_o intolerable_a impudence_n they_o impose_v two_o epistle_n upon_o st._n martialis_n the_o one_o as_o write_v to_o those_o of_o tholouse_n and_o the_o other_o to_o those_o of_o bourdeaux_n and_o which_o bear_v much_o a_o like_a resemblance_n to_o the_o apostolical_a write_n of_o those_o time_n as_o ass_n do_v to_o lion_n and_o all_o that_o these_o insipid_a author_n tell_v we_o about_o it_o be_v so_o entire_o frame_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n notion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o late_a age_n that_o we_o can_v find_v nothing_o in_o their_o write_n but_o what_o some_o stupid_a monk_n have_v insolent_o invent_v and_o patch_v together_o with_o so_o 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have_v considerable_o corrupt_v and_o infect_v the_o purity_n of_o these_o diocese_n saturninus_n bishop_n of_o arles_n and_o those_o of_o his_o cabal_n have_v condemn_v st._n hilary_n bishop_n of_o poitiers_n for_o a_o heretic_n because_o he_o oppose_v arianism_n with_o all_o his_o may_v but_o soon_o after_o we_o find_v that_o truth_n raise_v herself_o again_o from_o under_o its_o ruin_n for_o though_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o five_o century_n the_o visigothe_n who_o be_v arian_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o these_o province_n of_o the_o gaul_n and_o which_o they_o remain_v possess_v of_o till_o they_o be_v take_v from_o they_o by_o clovis_n king_n of_o france_n yet_o we_o do_v not_o find_v that_o arianism_n ever_o prevail_v there_o the_o vigilance_n of_o the_o pastor_n have_v prevent_v the_o people_n yield_v so_o far_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o these_o arian_n king_n as_o to_o follow_v they_o in_o their_o error_n the_o very_a nature_n of_o these_o dispute_n engage_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o church_n to_o maintain_v such_o maxim_n as_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o people_n superstition_n with_o respect_n to_o the_o veneration_n of_o martyr_n i_o be_o not_o ignorant_a that_o st._n gaudentius_n take_v notice_n that_o several_a priscillianist_n be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o these_o province_n and_o priscillianism_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o manicheism_n in_o perfection_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o write_n of_o st._n austin_n but_o this_o evil_a plant_n wither_v soon_o after_o both_o the_o arian_n who_o be_v master_n and_o the_o orthodox_n equal_o join_v their_o endeavour_n to_o confound_v that_o heresy_n neither_o indeed_o do_v we_o find_v after_o the_o six_o century_n any_o mention_n make_v of_o priscillianist_n in_o these_o part_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v that_o christianity_n be_v preserve_v there_o with_o much_o purity_n in_o those_o primitive_a time_n and_o arrive_v to_o such_o a_o degree_n of_o strength_n and_o vigour_n as_o to_o banish_v both_o those_o heresy_n whereof_o the_o one_o attack_v the_o father_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o the_o other_o deny_v the_o divinity_n of_o the_o son_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v in_o general_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v we_o a_o competent_a and_o just_a idea_n of_o the_o christianity_n which_o be_v plant_v in_o these_o province_n and_o which_o the_o albigenses_n have_v so_o happy_o assert_v both_o by_o their_o preach_n and_o suffering_n we_o must_v therefore_o take_v a_o review_n of_o these_o primitive_a age_n and_o consider_v a_o little_a wherein_o consist_v that_o religion_n which_o these_o diocese_n receive_v from_o those_o first_o minister_n of_o jesus_n christ_n who_o convey_v thither_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o transmit_v the_o same_o to_o posterity_n as_o a_o sacred_a trust_v commit_v to_o they_o chap._n ii_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o the_o gaul_n in_o the_o second_o century_n we_o have_v no_o gallic_a author_n who_o name_n be_v so_o famous_a as_o st._n irenaeus_n 20._o he_o be_v a_o disciple_n of_o st._n polycarp_n bishop_n of_o smyrna_n and_o be_v send_v into_o gaul_n by_o that_o apostolic_a man_n he_o be_v first_o priest_n of_o the_o church_n of_o lion_n and_o afterward_o succeed_v photinus_n first_o bishop_n of_o that_o city_n it_o be_v in_o his_o time_n that_o the_o church_n suffer_v the_o five_o persecution_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o emperor_n verus_n and_o marcus_n aurelius_n eusebius_n have_v preserve_v the_o relation_n of_o the_o martyrdom_n of_o the_o believer_n of_o lion_n and_o vienna_n which_o according_a to_o all_o probability_n be_v judge_v to_o have_v be_v make_v by_o st._n irenaeus_n in_o the_o name_n of_o both_o these_o church_n this_o relation_n tell_v we_o first_o of_o all_o that_o the_o roman_a precedent_n have_v cause_v some_o slave_n to_o be_v apprehend_v that_o belong_v to_o christian_n make_v they_o confess_v at_o the_o sight_n of_o torture_n prepare_v for_o they_o that_o the_o christian_n do_v eat_v child_n in_o their_o assembly_n and_o that_o they_o there_o promiscuous_o pollute_a themselves_o by_o abominable_a incest_n which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o weak_a christian_n who_o for_o fear_n of_o torment_n abjure_v their_o religion_n 2._o that_o the_o christian_n have_v confute_v this_o calumny_n by_o their_o constancy_n in_o endure_v the_o torment_n and_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n blandina_fw-la who_o after_o a_o whole_a day_n suffer_a torture_n have_v cry_v with_o a_o loud_a voice_n i_o be_o a_o christian_n there_o be_v no_o wickedness_n commit_v among_o we_o which_o be_v second_v by_o byblis_n who_o before_o have_v abjure_v how_o say_v she_o shall_v the_o christian_n to_o who_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o eat_v the_o blood_n of_o beast_n devour_v infant_n 3._o blandina_fw-la be_v represent_v to_o we_o in_o these_o act_n as_o pray_v to_o god_n with_o great_a affection_n and_o as_o it_o be_v converse_v with_o jesus_n christ_n in_o prayer_n attalus_n be_v set_v in_o a_o chair_n of_o iron_n to_o be_v there_o burn_v and_o perceive_v the_o smell_n of_o his_o broil_a flesh_n say_v to_o the_o spectator_n in_o latin_a in_o hoc_fw-la demum_fw-la est_fw-la homines_fw-la vorare_fw-la quod_fw-la agitis_fw-la nos_fw-la verò_fw-la neque_fw-la homines_fw-la voramus_fw-la neque_fw-la omnino_fw-la quicquam_fw-la mali_fw-la facimus_fw-la this_o that_o you_o do_v here_o be_v indeed_o to_o devour_v man_n but_o as_o for_o we_o we_o neither_o devour_v man_n nor_o do_v any_o thing_n at_o all_o that_o be_v evil_a last_o the_o church_n be_v desirous_a to_o bury_v what_o remain_v of_o their_o body_n as_o the_o relation_n inform_v we_o but_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o pagan_n who_o burn_v they_o to_o ash_n hinder_v they_o these_o be_v the_o chief_a head_n of_o this_o relation_n where_o we_o find_v nothing_o but_o god_n and_o jesus_n christ_n call_v upon_o where_o we_o do_v not_o see_v the_o believer_n trouble_v themselves_o to_o explain_v or_o qualify_v the_o corporal_a manducation_n of_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n as_o it_o become_v they_o to_o have_v do_v have_v they_o believe_v their_o eat_n of_o he_o with_o their_o bodily_a mouth_n and_o where_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o word_n that_o may_v give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o these_o church_n take_v care_n to_o preserve_v these_o so_o precious_a relic_n to_o honour_v they_o with_o their_o adoration_n as_o in_o latter_a time_n have_v be_v do_v we_o find_v here_o also_o the_o spirit_n of_o calumny_n transport_v the_o heathen_n against_o the_o disciple_n of_o jesus_n christ_n and_o how_o far_o the_o cruelty_n of_o torment_n may_v prevail_v to_o make_v man_n confess_v the_o most_o enormous_a calumny_n to_o be_v true_a the_o reader_n must_v not_o forget_v these_o two_o character_n of_o old_a rome_n because_o the_o inquisitor_n have_v renew_v these_o very_a same_o slander_n against_o the_o albigenses_n and_o have_v
nature_n from_o superfluous_a corporal_a food_n 7._o concern_v monk_n and_o their_o vow_n he_o speak_v thus_o 59_o friar_n studien_fw-mi to_o be_v rich_a 76._o they_o rob_v man_n by_o beg_v touch_v a_o great_a cup_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n but_o not_o a_o penny_n or_o farthing_n 77._o they_o magnify_v more_o obedience_n to_o sinful_a man_n than_o to_o christ_n 8._o 65._o he_o approve_v the_o marriage_n of_o priest_n 9_o he_o disapprove_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o divorce_n 117._o to_o make_v divorce_n common_a innumerable_a subterfuge_n be_v invent_v 10._o he_o blame_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o grant_v dispensation_n for_o marry_v in_o case_n of_o propinquity_n of_o blood_n 399._o such_o dispensation_n as_o these_o bring_v confusion_n into_o the_o church_n 11._o he_o condemn_v all_o equivocation_n which_o so_o many_o casuist_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n pretend_v to_o justify_v 207._o 12._o he_o maintain_v that_o the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o any_o foreign_a jurisdiction_n for_o otherwise_o say_v he_o king_n will_v not_o be_v able_a full_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n in_o their_o own_o kingdom_n 453._o 13._o he_o blame_v the_o too_o frequent_a use_n of_o excommunication_n 124._o 14._o he_o maintain_v that_o a_o true_a christian_n ought_v not_o to_o believe_v implicit_o but_o with_o a_o explicit_a faith_n that_o express_v the_o particular_n more_o or_o less_o according_a as_o they_o be_v more_o or_o less_o oblige_v by_o god_n and_o his_o gift_n and_o the_o opportunity_n of_o time_n 111._o 15._o he_o have_v no_o great_a veneration_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o purgatory_n when_o he_o say_v whatsoever_o be_v say_v of_o purgatory_n be_v only_o speak_v threatning_o as_o so_o many_o pious_a lie_n 267._o thus_o we_o see_v what_o be_v wicklef_n faith_n and_o what_o his_o judgement_n be_v concern_v the_o superstition_n and_o corruption_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v gather_v that_o he_o come_v very_o near_o to_o the_o belief_n of_o the_o protestant_a church_n it_o be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n therefore_o for_o dr._n james_n to_o justify_v he_o against_o the_o horrid_a calumny_n of_o walden_n by_o consult_v his_o manuscript_n work_v which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o several_a library_n in_o england_n 1._o they_o object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o teach_v that_o if_o a_o priest_n or_o a_o bishop_n ordain_v or_o consecrate_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n or_o administer_v baptism_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o mortal_a sin_n it_o can_v do_v he_o no_o service_n but_o the_o falsehood_n of_o this_o objection_n appear_v from_o wicklef_n own_o word_n which_o assure_v we_o of_o the_o contrary_a except_o a_o christian_a say_v he_o be_v unite_v to_o christ_n by_o grace_n he_o have_v not_o christ_n the_o saviour_n nor_o without_o falsehood_n can_v he_o pronounce_v the_o sacramental_a word_n though_o they_o may_v do_v good_a to_o those_o who_o be_v capable_a of_o they_o for_o it_o behoove_v the_o priest_n that_o consecrate_v to_o be_v a_o member_n of_o christ_n and_o as_o some_o holy_a man_n express_v it_o to_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n christ_n himself_o 138._o they_o object_v against_o he_o that_o he_o have_v assert_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o ecclesiastical_a person_n to_o have_v any_o temporal_a revenue_n but_o nothing_o be_v more_o false_a for_o wicklef_n only_o say_v that_o the_o good_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v temporal_a thing_n what_o way_n soever_o they_o come_v by_o they_o and_o that_o the_o possession_n of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o the_o law_n as_o well_o as_o the_o estate_n of_o layman_n 32._o the_o good_n of_o spiritual_a man_n say_v he_o be_v temporal_a in_o what_o manner_n soever_o they_o come_v to_o they_o and_o must_v be_v order_v after_o the_o temporal_a law_n as_o the_o good_n of_o temporal_a man_n must_v be_v they_o say_v that_o it_o be_v his_o opinion_n that_o no_o prelate_n ought_v to_o excommunicate_v any_o person_n whatsoever_o unless_o he_o know_v that_o god_n himself_o have_v excommunicate_v he_o but_o wicklef_n only_o speak_v of_o those_o rash_a and_o precipitate_a excommunication_n which_o never_o fail_v to_o produce_v bad_a effect_n and_o which_o be_v only_o discharge_v from_o carnal_a respect_n 130._o they_o like_v the_o high-priest_n scribe_n and_o pharisee_n do_v not_o only_o eat_v the_o flesh_n but_o the_o very_a bone_n too_o they_o do_v not_o water_v what_o be_v dry_a with_o the_o word_n of_o god_n but_o endeavour_v to_o cut_v and_o break_v what_o be_v fat_a and_o full_a of_o marrow_n he_o say_v also_o 123._o that_o excommunication_n be_v the_o fruit_n of_o pride_n to_o terrify_v poor_a layman_n they_o accuse_v he_o of_o teach_v that_o a_o man_n can_v not_o be_v either_o a_o bishop_n or_o priest_n as_o long_o as_o he_o continue_v in_o mortal_a sin_n but_o no_o such_o thing_n can_v be_v infer_v from_o wicklef_n word_n for_o he_o still_o aim_v at_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o clergy_n which_o be_v very_o corrupt_a in_o his_o time_n do_v not_o carry_v it_o too_o far_o when_o he_o say_v that_o 443._o it_o be_v not_o the_o name_n that_o make_v a_o bishop_n but_o the_o life_n ibid._n whosoever_o have_v only_o the_o name_n of_o a_o priest_n or_o bishop_n and_o do_v not_o endeavour_v to_o add_v to_o that_o name_n the_o reason_n of_o it_o he_o be_v in_o truth_n neither_o bishop_n nor_o priest_n they_o affirm_v that_o he_o have_v teach_v that_o sovereign_n may_v deprive_v the_o clergy_n of_o their_o possession_n if_o they_o think_v good_a as_o often_o as_o they_o commit_v any_o fault_n but_o wicklef_n never_o pretend_v that_o the_o clergy_n ought_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o the_o good_n they_o possess_v for_o slight_a fault_n true_a it_o be_v he_o do_v not_o think_v the_o government_n be_v oblige_v to_o maintain_v so_o many_o useless_a monk_n but_o as_o to_o the_o bishop_n and_o priest_n he_o never_o teach_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o benefice_n except_o they_o make_v themselves_o unworthy_a of_o they_o by_o a_o perfect_o scandalous_a life_n he_o teach_v say_v they_o that_o tithe_n be_v only_a alm_n and_o that_o the_o parishioner_n may_v keep_v they_o back_o and_o put_v they_o to_o what_o other_o use_v they_o please_v i_o own_o that_o wicklef_n often_o say_v that_o tithe_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o mere_a alm_n but_o it_o be_v false_a that_o ever_o he_o assert_v that_o the_o parishioner_n may_v keep_v they_o back_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o say_v 415._o it_o belong_v to_o parishioner_n for_o the_o good_a of_o their_o soul_n to_o minister_v tithe_n and_o oblation_n to_o who_o they_o be_v due_a ibidem_fw-la the_o priest_n of_o christ_n ought_v to_o withdraw_v the_o word_n of_o god_n from_o those_o who_o be_v not_o right_o dispose_v for_o it_o that_o be_v if_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v so_o obstinate_a and_o disobedient_a to_o holy-mother_n the_o church_n as_o either_o to_o forbid_v or_o not_o to_o minister_v the_o necessary_n of_o life_n to_o he_o who_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o they_o they_o object_n against_o he_o that_o he_o despise_v temporal_a thing_n too_o much_o for_o the_o love_n which_o he_o have_v for_o those_o that_o be_v eternal_a and_o that_o he_o join_v himself_o to_o the_o mendicant-friar_n approve_v their_o poverty_n and_o commend_v their_o perfection_n a_o strange_a crime_n indeed_o it_o be_v a_o surprise_v thing_n to_o see_v they_o accuse_v wicklef_n upon_o this_o account_n but_o it_o be_v no_o less_o astonish_n to_o hear_v they_o assert_v that_o he_o have_v great_a inclination_n for_o the_o begging-friar_n to_o be_v convince_v of_o the_o falsity_n whereof_o we_o need_v only_o read_v the_o complaint_n he_o make_v to_o the_o parliament_n and_o his_o treatise_n against_o the_o order_n of_o begging-friar_n he_o hold_v say_v they_o that_o churchman_n ought_v to_o beg_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a he_o maintain_v that_o god_n have_v condemn_v beggary_n in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n see_v the_o five_o chapter_n of_o his_o book_n against_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n mendic_a they_o accuse_v he_o for_o condemn_v lawful_a oath_n but_o this_o be_v for_o want_v of_o have_v read_v his_o work_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o his_o latin_a exposition_n of_o the_o three_o commandment_n and_o by_o his_o book_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o scripture_n that_o he_o condemn_v all_o manner_n of_o equivocation_n and_o ambiguous_a expression_n whether_o with_o oath_n or_o without_o he_o will_v not_o have_v any_o one_o to_o lie_v for_o a_o world_n or_o to_o save_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o soul_n and_o much_o less_o to_o swear_v false_o he_o teach_v say_v they_o that_o all_o thing_n come_v to_o pass_v by_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n we_o may_v easy_o see_v what_o wicklef_n believe_v concern_v
remark_n upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o the_o ancient_a church_n of_o the_o albigenses_n by_o peter_n allix_fw-la d._n d._n treasurer_n of_o the_o church_n of_o sarum_n imprimatur_fw-la august_n 3._o 1691._o z._n isham_n r._n p._n d._n henrico_n episc_n lond._n à _fw-la sacris_fw-la london_n print_v for_o richard_n chiswell_n at_o the_o rose_n and_o crown_n in_o st._n paul_n churchyard_n mdcxcii_o to_o the_o queen_n may_v it_o please_v your_o majesty_n this_o defence_n of_o the_o albigenses_n the_o ancient_a and_o illustrious_a confessor_n who_o some_o age_n ago_o enlighten_v the_o southern_a part_n of_o france_n be_v lay_v down_o at_o your_o majesty_n foot_n for_o your_o protection_n as_o well_o as_o their_o successor_n do_v now_o fly_v into_o your_o dominion_n for_o relief_n that_o charity_n which_o move_v your_o majesty_n to_o protect_v they_o by_o your_o gracious_a favour_n and_o support_v they_o by_o your_o royal_a bounty_n make_v i_o presume_v to_o offer_v this_o 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account_n he_o call_v it_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o heavenly_a sacrament_n we_o have_v a_o like_a expression_n of_o baptism_n allude_v to_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o red-sea_n in_o one_o of_o st._n augustin_n homily_n upon_o nicodemus_n come_v to_o jesus_n christ_n relate_v by_o paulus_n diaconus_fw-la in_o inventione_n s._n crucis_fw-la and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o we_o find_v also_o in_o several_a passage_n of_o st._n caesarius_n we_o find_v that_o the_o word_n transformation_n have_v perfect_o charm_v he_o 202._o we_o therefore_o lord_n keep_v these_o institutes_n and_o precept_n do_v most_o humble_o beseech_v thou_o that_o thou_o will_v be_v please_v to_o receive_v bless_v and_o sanctify_v this_o sacrifice_n that_o it_o may_v be_v to_o we_o a_o true_a eucharist_n in_o thy_o own_o and_o son_n name_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n that_o so_o there_o may_v be_v a_o transformation_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n thy_o only_a beget_v etc._n etc._n and_o in_o a_o marginal_a note_n he_o observe_v that_o the_o same_o word_n be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o liturgy_n 228._o that_o it_o may_v please_v thou_o to_o send_v down_o thy_o holy_a spirit_n upon_o these_o solemnity_n that_o it_o may_v be_v to_o we_o a_o true_a eucharist_n in_o thy_o own_o and_o son_n name_n and_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n for_o a_o transformation_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n thy_o only_a beget_v that_o it_o may_v bestow_v upon_o we_o who_o eat_v it_o eternal_a life_n and_o the_o everlasting_a kingdom_n to_o those_o that_o shall_v drink_v it_o and_o also_o 285._o that_o thy_o blessing_n may_v come_v down_o upon_o this_o bread_n and_o wine_n for_o the_o transformation_n of_o thy_o holy_a spirit_n that_o blessing_n thou_o may_v bless_v they_o and_o sanctify_v thou_o may_v sanctify_v they_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o like_a in_o other_o missal_n as_o ancient_a as_o this_o which_o he_o observe_v also_o in_o his_o preface_n but_o this_o after_o all_o signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o change_n which_o the_o holy_a ghost_n produce_v in_o make_v the_o element_n after_o consecration_n to_o become_v the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n this_o be_v that_o which_o our_o author_n have_v full_o justify_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o example_n borrow_v from_o baptism_n and_o other_o thing_n consecrate_v by_o prayer_n boethius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr consolation_n philosophiae_fw-la say_v conversi_fw-la in_o malitiam_fw-la humanam_fw-la quoque_fw-la amisêre_fw-la naturam_fw-la evenit_fw-la ergo_fw-la ut_fw-la quem_fw-la transformatum_fw-la vitiis_fw-la videas_fw-la hominem_fw-la existimare_fw-la non_fw-la possis_fw-la be_v turn_v into_o malice_n they_o at_o the_o same_o time_n lose_v humane_a nature_n so_o that_o if_o you_o see_v one_o transform_v by_o vice_n you_o can_v look_v upon_o he_o as_o a_o man._n and_o ratramnus_n in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o lord_n sai_z that_o jesus_n christ_n in_o former_a time_n can_v change_v the_o manna_n and_o water_n out_o of_o the_o rock_n in_o the_o wilderness_n into_o his_o flesh_n and_o blood_n the_o same_o ratramnus_n that_o oppose_v paschasius_fw-la who_o be_v the_o first_o publisher_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o a_o real_a change_n we_o find_v there_o the_o notion_n of_o vertere_fw-la and_o convertere_fw-la in_o carnem_fw-la beseech_v that_o he_o who_o then_o change_v the_o water_n into_o wine_n 208._o will_v be_v please_v now_o to_o change_v the_o wine_n of_o our_o oblation_n into_o his_o blood_n and_o again_o let_v we_o entreat_v he_o 209._o that_o he_o who_o as_o at_o this_o day_n by_o his_o son_n turn_v the_o species_n of_o water_n into_o wine_n will_v be_v please_v in_o like_a manner_n to_o change_v the_o oblation_n and_o prayer_n of_o we_o all_o into_o a_o divine_a sacrifice_n and_o to_o accept_v they_o as_o he_o do_v accept_v the_o offer_n of_o abel_n the_o just_a and_o the_o sacrifice_n of_o abraham_n his_o patriarch_n but_o the_o appearance_n of_o this_o seem_a difficulty_n we_o find_v in_o the_o follow_a leaf_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v ridiculous_a to_o suppose_v the_o real_a change_n of_o the_o prayer_n of_o believer_n into_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o saviviour_n which_o be_v suppose_v of_o the_o oblation_n 240._o we_o meet_v with_o a_o expression_n which_o seem_v somewhat_o strange_a o_o jesus_n christ_n who_o in_o the_o evening_n of_o the_o world_n be_v make_v a_o evening-sacrifice_n on_o the_o cross_n vouchsafe_v to_o we_o that_o we_o may_v become_v new_a sepulcher_n for_o thy_o body_n though_o indeed_o these_o expression_n plain_o show_v that_o they_o be_v only_o intend_v for_o the_o prefigure_v the_o death_n of_o christ_n cleric_a according_a to_o the_o notion_n of_o rabanus_n maurus_n we_o find_v there_o frequent_o that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o remedy_n for_o the_o body_n and_o a_o expiation_n for_o the_o soul_n but_o this_o do_v no_o more_o suppose_v the_o carnal_a presence_n or_o the_o expiation_n which_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o a_o propitiatory_a sacrifice_n than_o that_o which_o we_o find_v in_o the_o roman_a order_n in_o blessing_n a_o grave_a that_o it_o may_v be_v a_o save_a remedy_n to_o the_o party_n rest_v in_o it_o for_o the_o redemption_n of_o his_o soul_n 207._o in_o the_o same_o liturgy_n they_o say_v to_o god_n do_v thou_o therefore_o so_o come_v down_o into_o the_o present_a oblation_n that_o it_o may_v afford_v heal_v unto_o the_o live_n and_o refreshment_n unto_o those_o who_o be_v dead_a but_o this_o regard_v only_o the_o presence_n of_o virtue_n as_o in_o the_o roman_a order_n they_o beg_v of_o god_n that_o he_o will_v afford_v his_o presence_n and_o majesty_n in_o baptism_n 143._o there_o be_v mention_n likewise_o make_v of_o the_o immolation_n of_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n but_o this_o be_v only_o say_v by_o way_n of_o resemblance_n as_o st._n augustin_n 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dead_a with_o the_o triumph_n of_o merit_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v adore_v with_o divine_a worship_n for_o that_o very_a reason_n because_o it_o be_v divine_a worship_n see_v therefore_o say_v he_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v to_o be_v worship_v ult_n the_o martyr_n and_o all_o other_o saint_n be_v rather_o to_o be_v venerate_v than_o worship_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o this_o book_n and_o the_o same_o thing_n we_o meet_v with_o also_o cap._n 28._o 248._o towards_o the_o end_n 6._o it_o appear_v clear_o from_o what_o he_o say_v concern_v the_o mean_n whereby_o we_o obtain_v remission_n of_o sin_n that_o he_o own_a no_o other_o sacrament_n of_o the_o church_n beside_o baptism_n and_o the_o eucharist_n for_o indeed_o he_o mention_n only_o these_o two_o 6._o 7._o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o own_v either_o the_o infallibility_n of_o the_o pope_n or_o of_o a_o council_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v approve_v 340._o that_o he_o maintain_v it_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o folly_n 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the_o industry_n of_o artificer_n pass_v to_o the_o veneration_n of_o those_o person_n according_a to_o who_o likeness_n they_o have_v be_v wrought_v charlemagne_n do_v censure_v those_o who_o have_v make_v a_o parallel_n between_o image_n and_o the_o eucharist_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o show_v that_o he_o know_v nothing_o of_o romish_a transubstantiation_n he_o say_v that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v make_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o priest_n and_o by_o call_v upon_o the_o name_n of_o god_n both_o priest_n and_o people_n join_v their_o prayer_n in_o the_o consecration_n thereof_o whereas_o image_n stand_v in_o no_o need_n of_o consecration_n but_o be_v make_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o painter_n he_o say_v that_o melchizedeck_v do_v not_o present_v a_o image_n as_o a_o type_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n but_o bread_n and_o wine_n that_o moses_n command_v a_o lamb_n to_o be_v eat_v as_o a_o type_n of_o our_o saviour_n whole_o reject_v the_o custom_n of_o worship_v 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eucharist_n with_o all_o their_o may_v never_o give_v the_o least_o hint_n that_o jesus_n christ_n have_v institute_v it_o to_o make_v it_o a_o object_n of_o adoration_n they_o say_v that_o the_o eucharist_n according_a to_o the_o judgement_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v preferable_a almost_o to_o every_o other_o sacrament_n that_o it_o be_v make_v invisible_o by_o the_o spirit_n of_o god_n and_o consecrate_v by_o the_o priest_n who_o call_v upon_o god_n that_o it_o be_v carry_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o angel_n and_o lay_v upon_o the_o altar_n of_o god_n in_o heaven_n that_o it_o can_v neither_o increase_v nor_o be_v diminish_v that_o it_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n that_o it_o be_v the_o life_n and_o nourishment_n of_o soul_n that_o by_o its_o manducation_n it_o lead_v to_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o heavenly_a kingdom_n that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v abolish_v no_o not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o persecution_n and_o that_o no_o body_n can_v be_v save_v without_o receive_v of_o it_o whereas_o image_n be_v visible_o make_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o workman_n paint_v by_o the_o art_n of_o the_o painter_n place_v on_o the_o wall_n by_o the_o hand_n of_o man_n that_o by_o they_o if_o man_n inconsiderate_o abuse_v they_o sin_z be_v increase_v that_o they_o can_v increase_v and_o diminish_v in_o beauty_n according_a to_o the_o ability_n of_o the_o workman_n that_o age_n spoil_v they_o that_o they_o only_o feed_v the_o eye_n that_o they_o only_o bring_v to_o remembrance_n thing_n past_a by_o look_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o may_v be_v spoil_v by_o take_v wet_a that_o they_o who_o keep_v to_o the_o true_a faith_n be_v save_v without_o have_v any_o regard_n to_o image_n and_o to_o exaggerate_v the_o folly_n of_o their_o anathema_n pronounce_v against_o those_o that_o do_v not_o worship_v they_o they_o conclude_v that_o this_o anathema_n strike_v at_o the_o saint_n of_o old_a of_o who_o we_o never_o read_v that_o they_o adore_v they_o that_o the_o same_o be_v level_v at_o the_o martyr_n who_o from_o the_o baptismal_a font_n pass_v immediate_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o heaven_n without_o any_o adoration_n of_o image_n and_o last_o that_o it_o be_v dart_v against_o little_a infant_n who_o can_v worship_v they_o and_o of_o who_o notwithstanding_o the_o son_n of_o god_n say_v suffer_v little_a child_n to_o come_v to_o i_o etc._n etc._n i_o own_o that_o charlemagne_n censure_v gregory_n bishop_n of_o neocaesaria_n for_o give_v to_o the_o eucharist_n the_o name_n of_o the_o true_a image_n of_o jesus_n christ_n for_o after_o have_v make_v out_o that_o no_o artificer_n can_v form_v a_o true_a image_n of_o jesus_n christ_n he_o add_v when_o he_o speak_v of_o the_o eucharist_n that_o jesus_n christ_n do_v not_o offer_v up_o to_o god_n the_o father_n for_o we_o in_o sacrifice_n any_o image_n or_o prototype_n but_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o who_o of_o old_a have_v be_v foretell_v by_o visible_a resemblance_n under_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o law_n in_o the_o immolation_n of_o the_o lamb_n and_o in_o some_o other_o thing_n as_o be_v the_o sacrifice_n that_o be_v to_o be_v offer_v by_o true_o accomplish_v the_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v prophesy_v of_o he_o in_o the_o oracle_n of_o the_o prophet_n do_v offer_v up_o himself_o to_o god_n the_o father_n for_o a_o save_a sacrifice_n and_o bestow_v upon_o we_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o law_n be_v pass_v away_o not_o some_o imaginary_a sign_n but_o the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o of_o his_o blood_n for_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n must_v not_o now_o be_v call_v a_o image_n but_o the_o truth_n not_o the_o shadow_n but_o the_o body_n not_o a_o type_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v but_o that_o which_o have_v be_v prefigure_v by_o the_o type_n of_o old_a for_o now_o according_a to_o the_o song_n of_o song_n the_o day_n be_v rise_v and_o the_o shadow_n be_v go_v now_o jesus_n christ_n the_o end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o righteousness_n 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be_v give_v for_o you_o and_o this_o be_v my_o blood_n which_o shall_v be_v shed_v for_o many_o for_o the_o remission_n of_o sin_n but_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o charlemagne_n understand_v by_o the_o word_n image_n a_o prototype_n like_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o law_n with_o respect_n to_o which_o it_o be_v true_a what_o many_o of_o the_o father_n have_v say_v that_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n be_v the_o body_n and_o the_o truth_n though_o otherwise_o consider_v as_o sacrament_n they_o be_v sacred_a sign_n which_o can_v be_v confound_v with_o the_o thing_n signify_v by_o they_o without_o renounce_v the_o light_n of_o common_a sense_n moreover_o we_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o charlemagne_n never_o say_v that_o the_o eucharist_n be_v proper_o the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n if_o he_o deny_v jesus_n christ_n to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o eucharist_n this_o be_v the_o image_n of_o my_o body_n take_v the_o word_n as_o a_o prototype_n and_o a_o shadow_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v yet_o he_o always_o hold_v that_o it_o be_v his_o body_n in_o a_o sacramental_a sense_n for_o he_o never_o speak_v of_o the_o eucharist_n as_o the_o body_n of_o our_o lord_n without_o add_v the_o restriction_n of_o sacrament_n or_o of_o mystery_n if_o say_v he_o he_o hear_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o body_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n once_o mention_v and_o twice_o together_o he_o have_v bestow_v upon_o we_o the_o sacrament_n of_o his_o body_n and_o of_o his_o blood_n and_o last_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o body_n and_o of_o the_o blood_n can_v be_v call_v a_o image_n now_o the_o word_n mystery_n according_a to_o the_o constant_a use_n of_o the_o church_n proper_o signify_v the_o symbol_n the_o figure_n the_o sacred_a sign_n of_o the_o body_n and_o blood_n of_o our_o saviour_n last_o we_o ought_v to_o observe_v that_o though_o he_o say_v that_o the_o sacrament_n be_v the_o body_n of_o jesus_n christ_n yet_o he_o never_o say_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v adore_v indeed_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v draw_v up_o a_o impeachment_n against_o these_o worshipper_n of_o image_n upon_o this_o article_n and_o a_o very_a important_a one_o too_o because_o it_o be_v very_o evident_a that_o the_o greek_a worshipper_n of_o image_n do_v not_o adore_v the_o eucharist_n but_o give_v only_o a_o simple_a veneration_n to_o it_o like_v to_o that_o which_o they_o bestow_v upon_o the_o cross_n the_o altar_n and_o the_o gospel_n as_o one_o of_o their_o author_n tell_v we_o in_o a_o book_n which_o they_o call_v a_o invective_n of_o the_o orthodox_n against_o the_o opposer_n of_o image_n 309._o print_v at_o the_o lovure_n in_o 1685._o in_o the_o collection_n of_o author_n who_o have_v write_v since_o theophanes_n chap._n ix_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o church_n of_o aquitain_n and_o narbon_n in_o the_o nine_o century_n charlemain_n that_o great_a man_n who_o live_v till_o the_o year_n 814._o maintain_v the_o spirit_n of_o opposition_n against_o the_o error_n and_o superstition_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o espouse_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o image-worshipper_n by_o approve_v the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a this_o council_n have_v establish_v the_o authority_n of_o tradition_n as_o be_v a_o necessary_a principle_n to_o support_v the_o worship_n of_o image_n we_o find_v that_o the_o church_n of_o aquitain_n and_o narbon_n keep_v themselves_o firm_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o scripture_n ground_v their_o faith_n thereon_o and_o regulate_v their_o worship_n according_a to_o the_o same_o of_o this_o we_o have_v a_o illustrious_a example_n in_o the_o council_n of_o arles_n assemble_v in_o the_o year_n 813_o by_o the_o order_n of_o charlemagne_n whereat_o the_o archbishop_n of_o narbon_n assist_v with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la for_o the_o father_n of_o this_o council_n think_v fit_a to_o begin_v it_o with_o a_o profession_n of_o their_o faith_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o extract_v of_o that_o creed_n which_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o athanasius_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o they_o ordain_v shall_v be_v preach_v to_o the_o people_n for_o the_o catholic_n faith_n without_o so_o much_o as_o mention_v one_o word_n of_o those_o article_n of_o faith_n that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n now_o impose_v charlemagne_n have_v order_v a_o collection_n of_o homily_n to_o be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o work_n of_o origen_n st._n ambrose_n st._n chrysostom_n st._n jerom_n st._n augustin_n st._n leo_n st._n maximus_n st._n gregory_n and_o bede_n which_o he_o cause_v to_o be_v publish_v in_o these_o diocese_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o empire_n now_o these_o homily_n do_v so_o strong_o oppose_v the_o most_o part_n of_o those_o novelty_n which_o be_v then_o endeavour_v to_o be_v introduce_v that_o this_o book_n for_o a_o long_a time_n serve_v as_o a_o bar_n to_o hinder_v people_n from_o lean_v too_o much_o towards_o those_o thing_n that_o incline_v man_n to_o superstition_n there_o be_v no_o protestant_n in_o the_o least_o verse_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o controversy_n who_o see_v the_o name_n of_o those_o ancient_a doctor_n comprise_v in_o this_o collection_n will_v not_o remember_v how_o much_o these_o father_n have_v oppose_v themselves_o to_o a_o multitude_n of_o corruption_n which_o prevail_v at_o last_o by_o the_o factious_a endeavour_n of_o some_o of_o the_o latter_a pope_n wherefore_o i_o may_v excuse_v myself_o from_o make_v a_o extract_n of_o this_o collection_n choose_v rather_o to_o produce_v other_o witness_n which_o the_o same_o diocese_n afford_v we_o concern_v the_o faith_n of_o these_o diocese_n in_o the_o nine_o century_n i_o can_v only_o produce_v three_o or_o four_o but_o to_o recompense_v the_o smallness_n of_o their_o number_n they_o be_v man_n against_o who_o authority_n the_o most_o contentious_a adversary_n will_v have_v nothing_o to_o oppose_v in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o as_o the_o bishop_n of_o aquitain_n and_o narbon_n have_v set_v 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