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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B11821	Horæ subseciuæ observations and discourses.	Chandon, Grey Brydges, Baron, d. 1621.; Cavendish, Gilbert.; Newcastle, William Cavendish, Duke of, 1592-1676.; Hobbes, Thomas, 1588-1679.	1620 (1620)	STC 3957; ESTC S105996	135,065	562

Horae Subseciuae OBSERVATIONS AND DISCOVRSES LONDON Printed for Edward Blount and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls Churchyard at the signe of the Black Beare 1620. TO THE READER I Take not vpon mee to write either in the praise or discommendation of this Booke it belongs not vnto me but now it is abroad must wholly bee submitted to your iudgement and censure And I know it must bee the worth of a Booke and not the flourishing of an Epistle that causeth your approbation So that this must stand or fall in your opinion by the weight or lightnesse that you shall finde therein The Author of this Booke I know not but by chance hearing that a friend of mine had some such papers in his hand and hauing heard them commended I was curious to see and reade them ouer and in my opinion which was also confirmed by others iudicious and learned supposed if I could get the Copie they would be welcome abroad My friends courtesie bestowed it freely vpon me and my endeuour to giue you contentment caused mee to put it in print And therfore to keepe Decorum and follow custome in default of the Authors apparance I present it to you with this short Epistle The Booke you see is of mixt matter by the way of obseruations or Essayes and Discourses There haue beene so many precedents of this kinde and when they haue come out of the hands of good Writers alwayes so approued that there needs no Apologie for putting in one Booke so different Arguments If the Obseruations or Essayes seeme long to you because most that haue written in that way haue put them in lesse roome for that if the fault grow by multiplicity of words repetition or affected variation of Phrases then your dislike is well grounded But when you haue read and finde the length to haue proceeded from the matter and variety of it I know your opinion will easily alter I will hold you no longer from that to which this but introduceth But if the Booke please you come home to my Shop you shall haue it bound ready to your hand where in the meane time I expect you and remaine At your command ED BLOVNT OBSERVATIONS 1 OF Arrogance 1. 2 Of Ambition 11. 3 Of Affectation 30. 4 Of Detraction 52. 5 Of Selfe-will 74. 6 Of Masters and Seruants 85. 7 Of Expences 103. 8 Of Visitations 114. 9 Of Death 124. 10 Of a Country Life 135. 11 Of Religion 176. 12 Of Reading History 193. DISCOVRSES 1 VPon the beginning of Tacitus 223. 2 Of Rome 325. 3 Against Flattery 419. 4 Of Lawes 505. Of such errours as haue escaped in the Presse I haue thought good to collect onely those which may bee supposed likely to trouble the Reader in his way the rest being few and but literall I hope shall eyther passe vnobserued or excused Page line fault correction PAge 28. lin 20. for metire read metiri Pag. 32. lin 11. for obserues read obserue Pag. 39. lin 17. for English read English Pag 41. lin 20. for employments r. employments Pag. 43. lin 6. for least read most Pag. 96. lin 19. for he read they Pag. 112. lin 17. for it read and Pag. 126. lin 16. for a read A Pag. 128. lin 2. for naturally read naturall Pag. 133. lin 8. for reduced some r. reduced to some Pag. 142. lin 17. for a● read and Pag. 156. lin 11. for Nations read natures Pag. 173. lin 3. for altogether read all together Pag. 174. lin 18. for safe read safe Pag. 184. lin 14. for multi neglecta read multa neglecti Pag. 193. lin 11. for detraction r. detraction and Pag. 195. lin 11. for must read much Pag. 221. lin 4. for Mutius read Mutius Pag. 264. lin 13. for prescription read Pr●scrip●●on Pa. 290. l. 12. for Tribunitiae read Tribunitiae Pag. 319. lin 5. for hath read haue Pag. 328. lin 14. for and those r. and 〈◊〉 th●se Pag. 422. lin 2. for vnseene read vns●ene Pag. 495. lin 7. for anothey read another p. 517. l. 13. for soule to inanimate r. a soule to animate OF ARROGANCE ARrogance is the assuming to a mans selfe the Titles of Vertue Learning Honour Riches or the like without the possession or if with the possession without the euidence For not onely hee that speakes of himselfe more good then is true but hee also that sayes more then he is sure will bee beleeued iustly deserues the name of Arrogant This Vice is offensiue more to equals then to Superiors or inferiours because they be seldome the one sort or the other competitors with a man in praise And more when it concernes the gifts of the minde especially Wisedome and Valour then when it touches onely vpon the fauours of Fortune or abilities of the body Prerogatiue in these being lesse esteemed Nam cum omnis arrogantia odiosa est tum illa ingenij atque eloquentiae molestissima Quamobrem nihil dico de meo ingenio c. Whereas all Arrogance is odious that of a mans owne wit and owne eloquence is most tedious Wherefore I will speake nothing of my owne wit c. saith Cicero Likewise it is worse in mediocrity then extremes though in most vices it be otherwise because it becomes by excesse ridiculous rather then hatefull and so passeth with better toleration Pretending to sufficiencie argues the want of it The claime it selfe is a plaine conuiction that there wants right to the thing claimed For where Vertue is really her owne light discouers the owner Vino vendibili suspensa hedera non est opus Good Wine needs no Bush So that hee need not bee his owne Trumpet that is truely vertuous but rather hee that is not but onely in his owne conceit which opinion makes him also by not pursuing that which hee supposes he hath already obtained to bee out of all possibilitie of gaining the same Honour found out Cincinnatus digging in his Garden and made him Dictator And many that in their owne dispositions desired to liue obscurely haue been against their wils exposed to the toyle of great affaires by the lustre of that vertue which they neuer boasted If to admire any thing argue defect of knowledge much more to admire a mans selfe which al men ought best to know and are most familiar withall An Arrogant person if hee ioyne in the performance of any laudable action with men of modest natures deales with them in the sharing of the praise as the Lyon in the Fable did with the other beasts diuiding the prey they had taken who making of the whole foure parts pleades a title to three of them at least and if they yeelded him not the fourth of their owne goodwill he would bee no longer friends And such a nature can hardly hold friendship that admitteth not the Piller thereof which is Parity but thinks himselfe superiour to all if not in Fortune at which he therefore grudges taunts her with her blindnesse and rayles at her with

is so wanteth no vertue or abilitie of the minde that can be imagined To the obtaining of which perfectiō though this be not the only meanes yet is it the aptest containing in particular and applyable examples what many sciences together in generall precepts and such as haue innumerable exceptions can hardly comprehend And besides though Morall Philosophy haue the same scope and ayme and hath beene anciently learned for the prudent and vertuous gouernment of a mans life and actions yet at this day the bookes of it afford matter rather to dispute of wisedome and vertue and to define and distinguish of their natures and sorts then to make a man either wise or vertuous And though heretofore they were accounted good Philosophers that could straine and slacke the bridle of their passions when and where they ought that fear'd turpitude most of all things and death least that in their deeds could distinguish betweene two vicious extremes and walke euenly in the midst not for feare of one Vice running backe as farre as to the other and finally that were able to master all their affections whatsoeuer yet now such pretend to that Title as can doe none of these but onely Syllogize of them as if they thought it were Summum Bonum to define Summum Bonum or Wisedome Valour and Vertue to know what those notions meant Whereas hee that by reading of Historie desires to learne the Art how to gouerne himselfe in the passages of this life shall finde no occasion to dispute but either to imitate or eschew It was the coūcel of Demetriꝰ Phalerius to Ptolomy K. of Egypt Vt sibi pararet libros de Regno deque militari imperio bello gerendo tractantes eosque euolueret And what better bookes can a Prince haue for that purpose then good Histories Hee that would seeke such knowledge in bookes of Theory written by such as keeping themselues at home in their studies neuer once saw an Armie in the field nor the face of an enemy is as hee that would goe to the schoole of Phormio to learne the Art of Warre rather then to the campe of Hannibal But in Histories are those things written which King Ptolomy might apply to his owne vse and which none else durst tell him of And though a mans experience of his owne times may giue him much helpe and direction in all his actions yet the knowledge of former times applying those accidents which then past to the present occasions must needs be the greatest helpe to inable vs for action or councell and is of such profit that one saies Historia si adsit ex pueris facit senes sin absit ex senibus pueros The benefit that the Vnderstanding receiueth thence ariseth two wayes First it becomes enformed as it were with matter of fact by the direct Narration of things past in manner as they fell out And in this respect History is said to be Testis temporum Lux veritatis nuntia vetustatis Secondly it is enabled by particular examples and by the euents of humane counsell as by so many rules and patterns to take the wisest course in conducting our affaires to their right ends And for this effect it is called Magistra vitae For the will of man it is also enclined to goodnesse thereby when it heareth recounted the commendation and vituperation the reward and punishment the honour and ignominie the happy and contrarie estates and successes of good and euill persons and enterprises Now that the Vnderstanding touching the bare Narration may the better apprehend and the memory retaine what is recounted vnto vs of the men and matters of such times places as are remote from vs and the faces of things couered ouer and sullied with the dust of Antiquity may appeare brighter to our apprehension there must bee ioyned to our reading these helps First a good method as namely the Historie of what Age and Country you will begin with and with what follow In which point this is my opinion that a man shal with best successe begin at the beginning of time and so discend with it And for the principall reading to take the History of those Nations that from time to time liued in most flourishing most extended and most ciuill estates then as it were collaterally of those people that were the same age in ascent and lastly of such as were then declining and of lesse marke vntill one come to the beginning of the Chronicles of his owne Country And then it will bee best to make that his principall reading and the rest as secondarie or incident Withall if there be in the bodie of any generall Story some notable actions registred in volumes apart or described by occasion of writing the life of some great Captaine or States-man or particularized in the Letters of eminent and wise men these would bee especially and carefully read in the places where they fall in As in reading the second Punique warre written by Liuy I fortifie my knowledge by reading the liues of Hannibal and Scipio in Plutarch or strengthen the Story of Caesars time with the reading of Cicero's Letters to Atticus or in reading the volume of the French Story when I come to the life of Lewis the eleuenth I ioyne thereto that which is written of him by Philip Comines and the like in like cases being commonly more exactly and with more pertinent circumstances in these manners deliuered This beeing done recourse should againe bee had to the body of the History Notwithstanding I would not wish a man to bee so long abroad or a stranger at home till hee had read all that precedes the Records of his owne Nation but rather both in and besides the set course spoken of be conuersant in them at all opportunities As for Epitomes or briefe vniuersall Chronicles for one that meanes to goe through all the singulars they seeme quite vnnecessary and for my owne part I should lesse remember the Epitome which is for the most part a iuycelesse Narration then I should the actions with their needfull circumstances set down at large in a complete Historie which in the best Epitomes may rather be said to be lopped of their best parts then contracted in the totall Secondly there is required a due and diligent obseruation of the times and Chronologie when you finde it mentioned and the Histories of the same age one to be conferred with another in euery point of it otherwise there will want not onely credit sometimes to the Author but also light to the vnderstanding of that which is read For Relations concurrent if they agree on the time both strengthen and enlighten each other like diuers witnesses vpon seuerall occasions deposing one and the same truth And as the sense perceiueth nothing without the circumstances of time and place so the vnderstanding which is the more perfect as it hath more sensible information without the description of them conceiueth no businesse cleerely For they be such circumstances

be set forth in painting the Martyrdomes as they call it of such as suffered persecution and death for their Religion in England And in this now amongst the rest are Campian and Garnet and the Hangman and Tyborne as perfectly described as if they were better acquainted with the place and person Here is also a Library consisting most of Controuersies To the maintenance of this Church and Colledge there bee some lands appointed besides other pensions that they receiue from the Pope and King of Spaine The persons here bee all English and were gouerned by a Rector of the Iesuites order called Father Owen lately dead They are al Priests and yong Youths sent thither out of England to bee brought vp in Philosophy and Diuinitie in number about 120. all going in the habit of Schollers and no sooner come thither but they take vpon them false and supposititious names as the Rector himselfe told mee This towne is full of Monasteries and Religious houses many publique Schooles where Diuinitie and Philosophy are read in Lectures and many publique Libraries Besides there be sundry Hospitals for strangers maymed poore sicke and madde folkes The number of the Churches be about 140. And so I will leaue this part Now for my obseruation it is this to shew the Policy that they vse for confirmation and establishing of their Religion and consists first in an outward shew of deuotion with strange expressions of humility set forth in the poore and austere life of many orders in their sundry acts of penitence in their dayly visitation of their Churches in their outward actions of griefe and repentance at the celebration of Masse Wherein is inserted all possible inuentions to catch mens affections and to rauish their vnderstanding as first the gloriousnesse of their Altars infinit numbers of images priestly ornaments and the diuers actions they vse in that seruice besides the most excellent and exquisite Musike of the world that surprizes our eares So that whatsoeuer can be imagined to expresse either Solemnitie or Deuotion is by them vsed Their next way is in their acts of Charitie wherein they exceed and imagine this a great argument to make the world beleeue the truth certainty of their Religion The third is their boasting of miracles with which they make such a noise and would haue them infallible arguments to vphold their faith but when a man sees the ridiculousnesse and finds proued the falsitie of them they are of great force to perswade the contrary For example if a man going down a payre of stayres by chance his foot should slip he would presently make a miracle of it and say that in that instant he called vpon Saint Francis or San Carlo or some other Saint by whose prayers hee was relieued that otherwise he had maymed himselfe or lost his life Or if in riding in a Coach it by chance be ouerthrown he presently attributes to some Saint whom he then inuoked the liberation of him frō an imminent danger and with the expressions of these miracles all the Churches be hung full But for others that be more strāge it is certaine hath been proued that many of them are false and broached onely to delude the people which may giue a great suspition to the rest But more it is the Iesuites doctrine and they labour to proue it lawfull to forge a miracle for the furtherance of their Religion By which Position if any thing happen which may seeme a wonder as in the recouery of some desperate sicknes wound or the like in the attribution of it to some particular Saint or extraordinary operation by their meanes they diminish the power and glory of God And if any signe should happen to confirme it of which they will nominate thousands as the bleeding of a Crucifix the speaking of an Image c. It may as well shew the now delusiue power of the Diuell still blinding the eyes of the world in this kinde as hee hath formerly done by Oracles Now the last policy is in the course of their teaching and disciplining which I will onely exemplifie by the practice of our English there First there shall no scandall passe that they will not be sure to lay vpon our Religion And this at the first they beate and insinuate into the eares of their Nouices Next they vse all possible Art to magnifie their owne in the meane time barring the reading of any defence of our parts and put them to studie such bookes as bee written against vs so that they will conclude a Iudgement before both parts bee heard But when they haue them more strongly grounded and they bee sure that their opinion is preiudicated they will suffer them then to reade some of our bookes but by the way this libertie is seldome giuen to Italians and then for our selues that be so strongly instructed of one side and strangely opinionated of the other hee is a rare man and receiues from God a great blessing that euer findes the true difference And thus being wouen in their nets they be in a manner destitute of all possibility of recouery And so much for this Now next in order it followes that somthing be said of the present strength of this place and of what force it is against forraigne or domestique enemies And in my opinion it is of no great power For examples haue shewed that it hath suffered diuers surprizes so that of necessity it must be of lesse ability now to withstand then before For place of strength it hath onely the Castle of Saint Angelo and that also very weake to withstand any strong assault But the truth is there be so many Princes in league with this Sea and ●yed in so diuers obligations vnto it that it is free from danger without the Turke should make a warre and then there is so strong opposition like to be made by the Princes of Italy and other forraigners that it will be hard to preuaile against it if the Emperour Italy it selfe the King of France and Spaine should not cast off their yoke and subiection if so then it were impossible for the Bishop of Rome by his owne strength to oppose or subsist Now for the gouernment of this place it is wholly subiect to the Pope which hee holds as a temporall prince but solely guided by spirituall Ministers all causes of iudgement in matters diuine are brought hither as to the last Court of Appeale for finall sentences For the Popes Reuenue that which hee receiues from his own principalities is the least part the rest consists in the Fayre of Indulgences liberation from Purgatory conferring of Church-liuings sale of Offices Pensions from other Princes and the like The treasure is neuer great in respect of the changes of their Gouernours who for the most part haue employed all the Reuenue of the Church to their owne priuate families and friends If vpon occasion they bee forced to make any great and suddaine supply they make bold with the