c. both at one time without any pause After that hee deliuereth them againe Bread by it selfe and then Wine carded together with a little warme water to represent Bloud more rightly as they thinke and the water withall that flowed out of the side of Christ. Whiles this is in doing the Communicants vnfold their armes And then folding them againe follow the Priest thrice round about the Communion table and so returne to their places againe Where hauing sayd certayne other prayers hee dismisseth the Communicants with charge to bee merrie and to cheere vp themselues for the seuen dayes next following Which being ended hee enioyneth them to fast for it as long time after Which they vse to obserue with very great deuotion eating nothing else but Bread and Salt except a little Cabbage and some other Herbe or Root with water or quasse Mead for their drinke This is their manner of administring the Sacraments Wherein what they differ from the institution of Christ and what Ceremonies they haue added of their owne or rather borrowed of the Greekes may easily bee noted THeir chiefest errours in matter of Faith I finde to bee these First concerning the Word of God it selfe they will not read publikely certayne Bookes of the Canonicall Scripture as the bookes of Moses specially the foure last Exodus Leuiticus Numeri and Deuteronomie which they say are all made disauthentique and put out of vse by the comming of Christ as not able to discerne the difference betwixt the Morall and the Ceremoniall Law The bookes of the Prophets they allow of but reade them not publikely in their Churches for the same reason because they were but directers vnto Christ and proper as they say to the Nation of the Iewes Onely the Booke of Psalmes they haue in great estimation and sing and say them daily in their Churches Of the New Testament they allow and reade all except the Reuelation which therefore they reade not though they allow it because they vnderstand it not neither haue the like occasion to know the fulfilling of the Prophecies contayned within it concerning especially the Apostacie of the Antichristian Church as haue the Westerne Churches Notwithstanding they haue had their Antichrists of the Greeke Church and may finde their owne falling off and the punishments for it by the Turkish inuasion in the Prophecies of the Booke Secondly which is the fountayne of the rest of all their corruptions both in Doctrine and Ceremonies they hold with the Papists that their Church Traditions are of equall authoritie with the written Word of God Wherein they preferre themselues before other Churches affirming that they haue the true and right Traditions deliuered by the Apostles to the Greeke Church and so vnto them Thirdly that the Church meaning the Greeke and specially the Patriarch and his Synod as the head of the rest hauing a soueraigne Authoritie to interpret the Scriptures and that all are bound to hold that Interpretation as sound and authentique Fourthly concerning the Diuine nature and the three Persons in the one substance of God that the holy Ghost proceedeth from the Father onely and not from the Sonne Fiftly about the office of Christ they hold many foule errours and the same almost as doth the Popish Church namely that hee is the sole Mediatour of redemption but not of intercession Their chiefe reason if they bee talked withall for defence of this errour is that vnapt and foolish comparison betwixt God and a Monarch or Prince of this world that must bee sued vnto by Mediatours about him wherein they giue speciall preferment to some aboue others as to the blessed Virgin whom they call Procheste or vndefiled and Saint Nicolas whom they call Scora pomosnick or the Speedy helper and say that hee hath three hundred Angels of the chiefest appointed by God to attend vpon him This hath brought them to an horrible excesse of Idolatrie after the grossest and prophanest manner giuing vnto their Images all religious worship of Prayer Thankesgiuing Offerings and Adoration with prostrating and knocking their heads to the ground before them as to God himselfe Which because they doe to the Picture not to the portraiture of the Saint they say they worship not an Idoll but the Saint in his Image and so offend not God forgetting the Commandement of God that forbiddeth to make the Image or likenesse of any thing for any Religious worship or vse whatsoeuer Their Church walls are verie full of them richly hanged and set foorth with Pearle and Stone vpon the smooth Table Though some also they haue embossed that sticke from the board almost an inch outwards They call them Chudouodites or their Miracle workers and when they prouide them to set vp in their Churches in no case they may say that they haue bought the Image but Exchanged money for it Sixtly for the meanes of Iustification they agree with the Papists that it is not by Faith onely apprehending Christ but by their Workes also And that Opus operatum or the worke for the worke sake must needs please God And therefore they are all in their numbers of Prayers Fasts Vowes and Offerings to Saints Almes deeds Crossings and such like and carrie their numbring Beads about with them continually as well the Emperour and his Nobilitie as the common people not onely in the Church but in all other publike places specially at any set or solemne meeting as in their Fasts law Courts common Consultations entertaynment of Ambassadours and such like Seuenthly they say with the Papists that no man can bee assured of his saluation till the sentence be passed at the day of Iudgement Eightly they vse auricular Confession and thinke they are purged by the very action from so many sinnes as they confesse by name and in particular to the Priest Ninthly they hold three Sacraments of Baptisme the Lords Supper and the last Anoiling or Vnction Yet concerning their Sacrament of extreame Vnction they hold it not so necessarie to saluation as they doe Baptisme but thinke it a great curse and punishment of God if any dye without it Tenthly they thinke there is a necessitie of Baptisme and that all are condemned that dye without it Eleuenth they rebaptise as many Christians not being of the Greeke Church as they conuert to their Russe profession because they are diuided from the true Church which is the Greeke as they say Twelfth they make a difference of Meates and Drinkes accounting the vse of one to be more holy then of another And therefore in their set Fasts they forbeare to eate flesh and white meates as wee call them after the manner of the Popish superstition which they obserue so strictly and with such blinde deuotion as that they will rather die then eate one bit of Flesh Egges or such like for the health of their bodies in their extreame sicknesse Thirteenth they hold Marriage to bee
vnlawfull for all the Clergie men except the Priests onely and for them also after the first Wife as was sayd before Neither doe they well allow of it in Lay-men after the second marriage Which is a pretence now vsed against the Emperours onely Brother a childe of sixe yeeres old who therefore is not Prayed for in their Churches as their manner is otherwise for the Princes bloud because hee was borne of the sixt marriage and so not legitimate This charge was giuen to the Priests by the Emperour himselfe by procurement of the Godones who make him beleeue that it is a good policie to turne away the liking of the people from the next successour Many other false opinions they haue in matter of Religion But these are the chiefe which they hold partly by meanes of their traditions which they haue receiued from the Greeke Church but specially by ignorance of the holy Scriptures Which notwithstanding they haue in the Polonian tongue that is all one with theirs some few words excepted yet few of them reade them with that godly care which they ought to doe neither haue they if they would Bookes sufficient of the old and new Testament for the common people but of their Lyturgie onely or Booke of common seruice whereof there are great numbers Which notwithstanding it is not to bee doubted but that hauing the Word of God in some sort though without the ordinarie meanes to attaine to a true sense and vnderstanding of it God hath also his number among them As may partly appeare by that which a Russe at Mosko sayd in secret to one of my Seruants speaking against their Images and other superstitions That God had giuen vnto England light to day and might giue it to morrow if hee pleased to them As for any Inquisition or proceeding against men for matter of Religion I could heare of none saue a few yeeres since against one man and his wife who were kept in a close Prison the space of eight and twentie yeeres till they were ouer-growne into a deformed fashion for their hayre nayles colour of countenance and such like and in the end were burned at Mosko in a small House set on fire The cause was kept secret but like it was for some part of truth in matter of Religion though the people were made to beleeue by the Priests and Friers that they held some great and damnable Heresie THe manner of making and solemnizing their Marriages is different from the manner of other Countries The man though hee neuer saw the woman before is not permitted to haue any sight of her all the time of his wooing which hee doth not by himselfe but by his Mother or some other ancient woman of his kinne or acquaintance When the liking is taken as well by the Parents as by the parties themselues for without the knowledge and consent of the Parents the contract is not lawfull the Fathers on both sides or such as are to them in stead of Fathers with their other chiefe friends haue a meeting and conference about the dowrie which is commonly very large after the abilitie of the parents so that you shall haue a Market man as they call them giue a thousand Rubbels or more with his Daughter As for the man it is neuer required of him nor standeth with their custome to make any joynter in recompence of the dowrie But in case hee haue a Child by his Wife shee enioyeth a third deale after his decease If he haue two Children by her or more she is to haue a courtesie more at the discretion of the husband If the husband depart without issue by his wife shee is returned home to her friends without any thing at all saue onely her dowrie if the husband leaue so much behind him in goods When the agreement is made concerning the dowrie they signe Bonds one to the other as well for the payment of the dowrie as the performing of the Marriage by a certayne day If the woman were neuer married before her Father and friends are bound besides to assure her a Maiden Which breedeth many brabbles and quarrels at Law if the man take any conceit concerning the behauiour and honestie of his wife Thus the contract being made the parties begin to send tokens the one to the other the Woman first then afterwards the Man but yet see not one another till the Marriage bee solemnized On the Eue before the marriage day the Bride is carryed in a Collimago or Coach or in a Sled if it bee winter to the Bridegroomes house with her marriage Apparell and Bed-stead with her which they are to lye in For this is euer prouided by the Bride and is commonly verie faire with much cost bestowed vpon it Heere she is accompanied all that night by her Mother and other women but not welcommed nor once seene by the Bridegroome himselfe When the time is come to haue the marriage solemnized the Bride hath put vpon her a kinde of Hood made of fine Knit-worke or Lawne that couereth her head and all her body downe to the middle And so accompanied with her friends and the Bridegroome with his they goe to Church all on Horsebacke though the Church be neare hand and themselues but of very meane degree The words of contract and other ceremonies in solemnizing the Marriage are much after the order and with the same words that are vsed with vs with a Ring also giuen to the Bride Which being put on and the words of contract pronounced the Brides hand is deliuered into the hand of the Bridegroome which standeth all this while on the one side of the Altar or Table and the Bride on the other So the marriage knot being knit by the Priest the Bride commeth to the Bridegroome standing at the end of the altar or table and falleth downe at his feet knocking her Head vpon his Shooe in token of her subjection and obedience And the Bridegroome againe casteth the lappe of his Gowne or vpper garment ouer the Bride in token of his dutie to protect and cherish her Then the Bridegroome and Bride standing both together at the Tables end commeth first the Father and the other friends of the Bride and how themselues downe low to the Bridegroome and so likewise his friends bow themselues to the Bride in token of affinitie and loue euer after betwixt the two kindreds And withall the Father of the Bridegroome offereth to the Priest a loafe of Bread who deliuereth it straight againe to the Father and other friends of the Bride with attestation before God and their Idols that hee deliuer the dowrie wholly and truely at the day appointed and hold loue euer after one kindred with another Whereupon they breake the Loafe into pieces and eate of it to testifie their true and sincere meanings for performing of that charge and thenceforth to become as graines of one Loafe or men of one Table These ceremonies
deceiâ—e the Pope as he had deceiued Mangu Chan. Then Vastacius demanded of him whether he had Letters to the Popey because he was a Messenger and should conduct the Messengers of the Tartars But not being able to shew the Letters he tooke him and spoiled him of all that hee haâ— gotten and cast him in prison And Moal fell sicke and dyed there But Vastacius sent backe the golden Tablet to Mangu Chan by the seruants of Moal whom I met at Assaron in the entrance into Turkie who told mee what happened to Theodolus Such Cosners runne through the world whom the Moallians kill when they can take them Now the Epiphany was at hand and that Armenian Monke Sergius by name told me That he should baptize Mangu Can vpon the Holy-day I â—ntreated him to labour by all meanes that I might be present that I might beare witnesse that I saw it and hee promised he would THE feastiuall day came and the Monke called me not but at sixe of the clocke I was sent for to the Court and I saw the Monke with the Priests returning from the Court with his Crosse and the Priests with the Censer and the Gospell For that day Mangu Chan made a feast And his custome is that vpon such daies as his Sooth-sayers doe appoint vnto him feastiuall or with the Nestorian Priests sometimes make Holy-daies that then he holds his Court And vpon such daies the Christians come first with their furniture and pray for him and blesse his Cup. They then departing the Saracen Priests come and doe the like Next after them come the Idolatrous Priests and doe the same And the Monke told me that he onely beleeues the Christians yet will haue all to pray for him but he lyed for he beleeueth none as you shall hereafter heare yet all follow his Court as flyes doe Honey And he giueth vnto all and all men thinke they are his Familiars and all prophesie prosperitie vnto him Then wee sate before the Court a long space and they brought vs flesh to eate To whom I made answere that we would not eate there but if they would prouide vs meate they should prouide it for vs at our house Then they said get yee home to your house because you were inuited for no other cause but to eate Therefore we returned by the Monkes who blushed at the Lye hee told me wherefore I would not speake a word of that matter Yet some of the Nestorians would affirme vnto mee that he was baptized to whom I said that I would neuer beleeue it nor report it to others seeing I saw it not We came to our cold and emptie house they prouided vs bedding and Couerlets they brought vs also fuell and gaue vs three the carkasse of one little leane Ramme meate for sixe dayes and euery day a little Platter full of Millet and lent vs a Caldron and a Triuet to boyle our flesh which being sodden we sod our Millet in the broath of the flesh This was our meate and it had well sufficed vs if they had suffered vs to eate in peace But there are so many hunger-starued who are not prouided of meate that as soone as they saw vs dresse meate they thrust in vpon vs and must eate with vs. There I found by experience how great a Martyrdome liberalitie is in pouertie Then the cold began much to preuaile and Mangu Chan sent vs three Pelt-coates of the Skinnes of Papions Papionum whose haire they turne outward which we thankfully receiued They demanded also how we were prouided of necessary food To whom I answered that little meate sufficed vs but we haue not an house wherein to pray for Mangu Chan. For our Cottage was so little that we could scarce stand vpright in it nor open our Bookes as soone as wee made fire Then they brought him word and hee sent vnto the Monke to know if hee would haue our company who gladly answered that hee would From that time wee were prouided of a better house and we went downe with the Monke before the Court where none lodged but we and their Sooth-sayers but they lodged neerer before the Palace of the greatest Lady and wee in the furthest end towards the East before the Palace of the last Lady And that was done the day before Octabis Epiphaniae On the morrow to wit in Octauis Epiphaniâ— all the Nestorian Priests came together before day at the Chappell and smote vpon a board and sang Matines solemnely and put on their Ornaments preparing the Censer and the Incense And while they stayed wayting thus behold in the morning the principall Wife Cotota Caten by name Caten is as much as Ladie and Cotota her proper name came into the Chappell with many other Ladies and with her eldest Sonne called Baltu and other little ones of hers And they cast themselues downe vpon the Earth ducking after the manner of the Nestorians and after this they touched all the Images with their right hands alwayes kissing their hands after they had touched and after that they gaue their right hands to all that stood about them in the Church For this is the custome of the Nestorians when they come into the Church Then the Priests sang many things giuing the Lady Incense in her hand and she put it vpon the fire then they perfumed her After this when the day was cleere shee began to put off the Ornament of her head which is called Baccha and I saw her bare scull then shee commanded vs to goe forth and as I went out I saw a siluer Bason brought whether they baptized her or no I know not but I know they celebrate not Masse in a Tent but in a standing Church And in the Easter I saw them baptize and hallow Fount with great Solemnitie which now they did not And while we went into our house Mangu Chan himselfe came and went into the Church or Oratory and a Golden Bed was brought on which hee sate by his Queene ouer against the Altar Then were we sent for not knowing that Mangu was come And the Doore-keepers searched vs lest we should haue Kniues about vs. But comming into the Oratory hauing a Bible and a Breuiary in my bosome I first bowed downe vnto the Altar and after to Mangu Chan and so passing by we stood betweene the Monke and the Altar Then they made vs sing a Psalme after our manner and chaunt it But we sang of that prose Veni Sancte Spiritus c. And Cham caused our Bookes to be brought vnto him the Bible and the Breuiarie and diligently inquired concerning the Images what they signified The Nestorians answered him at their pleasure because our Interpreter came not in with vs. And when I was first before him I had the Bible in my bosome which he commanded to be brought vnto him who looked earnestly vpon it Then he departed and his Ladie remayned there and distributed gifts to all the Christians
I said vnto him I haue nothing to speake on the behalfe of any man vnlesse I should speake the words of God vnto him if he would heare them for he should best know what Baatu hath written to him They stucke vpon this word demanding what words of God I would speake vnto him thinking I would prophesie vnto him some prosperous thing as many vse to doe To whom I answered if yee will that I speake the words of God vnto him get me an Interpreter Who said we haue sent for him yet speake by this Interpreter as you may wee shall vnderstand you well And they vrged mee much to speake Then I said This is the word of God To whom more is committed more is required at his hands another also to whom more is forgiuen hee ought to loue more out of these true words of God I said to Mangu himselfe that God hath giuen him much For the power and riches which hee hath the Idols of the Tuinians haue not giuen him but the Omnipotent God who hath made Heauen and Earth in whose hands all Kingdomes are and hee translateth them from Nation to Nation for the sinnes of men Wherefore if he loue him it shall goe well with him if otherwise let him know that God will require all these things at his hands euen to the vttermost farthing Then said one of the Saracens Is there any man that loueth not God I answered God saith if any man loue me he will keepe my Commandements and he that loueth me not keepeth not my Commandements Therefore hee that keepeth not the Commandements of God loueth not God Then said hee haue yee bin in Heauen that yee might know the Commandements of God No said I but he hath giuen them from Heauen to holy men and at the last himselfe descended from Heauen teaching vs and wee haue those things in the Scriptures and we see by the workes of men whether they keepe them or no. Whereto hee replyed will yee then say that Mangu Chan keepes not the Commandements of God To whom I said Your Interpreter wil come as yee say then before Mangu Chan if it please him I wil recite the Commandements of God and he shall be his owne Iudge whether hee keepe them or not So they departed and told him that I said hee was an Idolater or a Tuine and kept not the Commandements of God The next day he sent his Secretaries vnto mee saying Our Lord sends vs vnto you saying Yee are heere Christians Saracens and Tuines and euery of you saith his Law is better and his Letters to wit Bookes are truer Wherefore hee would that yee all come together and make comparison that euery one write his words that he might know the truth Then I said Blessed be God who hath put this in the heart of Chan but our Scriptures said the Seruant of God must not bee contentious but meeke vnto all wherefore I am readie without strife and contention to render an account of the faith and hope of Christians to euery one that shall require it Then they wrote my words and brought them to him Then the Nestorians were commanded to prouide themselues and write what they would speake and the Saracens likewise and the Tuinians also On the morrow hee sent the Secretaries againe sayng Mangu Chan would know wherefore yee came to these parts to whom I said That hee shall know by the Letters of Baatu Then said they Baatues Letters are lost and hee hath forgotten what Baatu wrote vnto him wherefore he would know of you Then somewhat imboldned I said vnto them The dutie or office of our Religion is to preach the Gospell to all whereupon when I heard of the fame of the people of Moal I had a desire to come vnto them and while I was thus purposed we heard of Sartach that he was a Christian. Then I directed my Iourney vnto him And my Souereigne Lord the King of the Frankes sent him Letters contayning good words and other words besides testifie of vs vnto him what men wee are when hee made request that hee would suffer vs to continue with the people of Moal Then he sent vs to Baatu and Baatu to Mangu Chan. Whereupon we intreated and yet intreat him to suffer vs to stay But they wrote all and made relation thereof vnto him On the morrow he sent to me againe saying Chan knowes well enough that yee haue no message vnto him but yee came to pray for him as many other Priests doe But hee demandeth whether euer any of your Embassadours were with him or ours with you Then I declared all vnto them concerning Dauid and Frier Andrew so they putting all in writâ—ng reported the same vnto him Then he sent againe vnto me saying Our Lord Chan saiâ—h yee haue stayed long here his pleasure is that yee returne vnto your Countrey withall hee demandeth whether yee would conduct his Embassadours with you To whom I made answere that I durst not carrie his Embassadours beyond his owne Countrey because there is a Warlike Nation betweene vs and you and the Sea and Mountaynes and I am a poore Monke and therefore dare not take vpon mee to bee his Guide So they hauing set downe all in writing returned Whitson Eeuen came The Nestorians writ Chronicles from the Creation of the World to the Passion of Christ and passing ouer the Passion they spake of the Resurrection of the dead and of the Ascension and of the comming to Iudgement Wherein somewhat was to be reprehended which I told them and wee likewise wrote the Symbole of the Masse Credo in vnum Deum Then I demanded of them how they would proceed They said they would first dispute with the Saracens I shewed them this was no good course for the Saracens in this agree with vs who affirme there is but one God Wherefore yee shall haue them to helpe you against the Tuines so they were contented Then I asked tâ—em if they knew how Idolatry had his first originall in the World and they could not tell Then I told them and they said yee shall declare these things vnto them and then let vs speake for it is hard to speake by an Interpreter To whom I said make tryall how yee will behaue your selues against them I will take the Tuinians part and yee the Christians Suppose I am of that Sect that say there is no God Proue yee there is a God For there is a certayne Sect there which saith That euery soule and euery vertue in what thing soeuer is the God thereof and that otherwise there is no God Then the Nestorians knew not how to prooue any thing but only that which their Writing declareth I said they beleeue not the Scriptures if yee shew one they will shew another Then I counselled them to let me first talke with them because if I should be ouercome they might yet haue libertie of speech if they should be ouerthrowne I should
to him what answere I made when he demanded whether I would giue them to Sartach Then hee answered you say true and none can resist the truth I left your goods with my father who remayneth neere Sarai which is a new Towne Baatu hath made vpon Etilia on the East shoare but our Priests haue some of the vestments If any thing like you said I keepe it so my Bookes be restored Then he told me he would report my words to Sartach I must haue Letters said I to your Father to restore mee all But he was readie to bee gone and said vnto mee The traine of the Ladies followeth vs neere at hand Yee shall alight there and I will send you Sartachs answere by this man I was very carefull he should not deceiue me yet I could not contend with him Late in the euening the man came vnto me whom he shewed me and brought two Coats with him which I thought had beene all of Silke vncut and he said vnto me Behold two garments the one Sartach hath sent to you and the other if it seeme good to you you shall present to the King on his behalfe To whom I answered I weare no such garments I will present them both vnto my King in honour of your Lord. Then said hee doe wiâ—h them what you please but it pleased me to send them both vnto you and I send them to you by the bearer of these presents He deliuered him Letters also to the Father of Coiac to restore mee all which appertayned vnto me because he had no need of any thing which was mine So wee came to the Court of Baatu the same day I departed thence the yeere past the second day after the Exaltation of the blessed Crosse. And I found our young men in health yet much afflicted with penurie as Gosset told me And if the King of Armenia had not comforted them and recommended them to Sartach they had perished for they thought I had beene dead The Tartars also demanded of them if they could keepe Oxen or milke Mares For if I had not returned they had beene brought into their seruitude After this Baatu caused me to come vnto him and made the Letters which Mangu Chan sends vnto you to be interpreted vnto me For so Mangu wrote vnto him that if it pleased him to adde any thing or leaue out or change hee should doe it Then said hee yee shall carrie these Letters and cause them to bee vnderstood Hee demanded also what way I would goe whether by Sea or Land I said the Sea was shut because it was Winter and I must goe by Land For I thought you had beene yet in Syria so I directed my iourney towards Persia. For if I had thought you had passed into France I would haue gone into Hungarie so I should sooner haue come into France and by a more easie way then into Syria Then wee trauelled a moneth with him before wee could haue a Guide At length they appointed mee a certaine Iugur who vnderstanding I would giue him nothing and that I would goe forth-right into Armenia caused Letters to be made to conduct me to the Soldan of Turkie hoping he should receiue gifts of the Soldan and that he should gayne more that way Then we tooke our iourney speedily fifteene dayes before the Feast of Al-Saints towards Sarai going forth right Southward descending neere to Etilia which is diuided into three Armes there below euery one whereof is almost twice as big as the Riuer of Damiata It maketh foure other lesser Armes so that we passed that Riuer in seuen places by Boat Vpon the middle Arme is the Village called Sumerkent without a wall but when the Riuer ouerflowes it is compassed with water The Tartars were eight yeeres about it before they could take it and the Alani and the Saracens were in it There we found one Dutch-man with his wife a very good man with whom Gosset stayed in the Winter for Sartach sent him thither to ease his Court. About those parts was Baatu on the one side of the Riuer and Sartach on the other about Christmas and they goe no further downe And it falleth out that all the Riuer is frozen so they passe ouer Here is great store of grasse and there among the Caues theeues hid themselues till the Ice melt Coiacks father receiuing Sartachs Letters restored my vestments vnto mee except three Albes and an Amice trimmed with fine Silke and a Stole and a Girdle and a Tualia adorned with golden embroyderie and a Surplice He restored also vnto me the siluer Plate except the Censer and the little Boxe where the Chrisme was All which the Priests which were with Sartach had Hee restored my Bookes except our Ladies Psalter which hee kept with my leaue because I could not denie it him for he said Sartach tooke much delight in it Hee also requested me that if it happened that I returned vnto those parts againe I would bring them a man that knew how to make Parchment for he made a great Church by the Commandement of Sartach vpon the West side of the Riuer as he said and a new Towne Yet I know that Sartach meaneth no such matter Sarai and the Palace of Baatu are vpon the Easterne side of the Riuer And the Valley through which the Armes of the Riuer are spread abroad contayneth more then seuen leagues in bredth And there is great store of fish there A Bible also in verse and a certaine Booke in the Arabian worth thirtie Sultanies and many other things I neuer recouered SO departing from him on the Feast of All-Saints alwaies going toward the South in the Feast of Saint Martin we came to the Mountaines of the Alani Betweene Baatu and Sarai in fifteene dayes we found no people but one of his sonnes who went before him with Falcons and his Falconers who were many and one litle Village From the Feast of All-Saints for fiue dayes we found not a man and wee were almost in great danger by reason of thirst one whole day and a night finding no water till about three of the Clocke the next day the Alani in those Mountaines yet hold out so that of ten of the Subiects of Sartach two must come to guard the straight and narrow passages of the Hills left they come forth of the Mountaines and steale their Cattell in the Playne Betweene the Alani and Porta Ferrea which is two dayes iourney thence where the Playne of Arcacci beginneth betweene the Caspian Sea and the Mountaines there are certaine Saracens called Lesgi betweene the Mountaines who likewise resist so that those Tartars who dwell at the foot of the Mountaines of the Alani were faine to giue vs twentie men to bring vs beyond the Iron gate or Porta Ferrea And I was glad because I hoped to see them armed For I could neuer see their Armour though I had beene very desirous And when we came
most slaine by Panians men Coia Acem which before was not knowne seeing his Moores ready to try the waters courtesie to escape those fiery enemies armed in Buffe with Plates fringed with Gold cryed out aloud that he might be heard La â—lah illâ—llah Muhamed roçolalah what shall you Muslemans and iust men of the Law of Mahomet suffer your selues to be conquered of so fâ—eble a Nation as are these Dogges which haue no more heart then white Hens and bearded women to them to them the Booke of Flowres hath giuen promise from our Prophet to you and me to bathe our selues in the bloud of these Cafres without Law With these cursed words the Deuill so animated them that it was fearefull to see how they ranne on our Swords Faria on the other side heartned his in the name of Christ crucified and with a zealous feruour reached Coia Acem such a blow with a two hand Sword on his Head-piece of Maile that he sunke to the ground and with another blow cut off his legges Whereupon his men with such furie assayled Faria not caring for thirtie Portugals which stood about him that they gaue him two wounds which put such spirit into our men that in little space eight and fortie of the Enemies lay dead vpon Coia Acem and the rest they slue all but fiue whom they tooke and bound the Boyes cutting the others in quarters and throwing them into the water with Coia Acem and the King of Bintans chiefe Caciz or Priest the shedder and the drinker of Portugall bloud as he stiled himselfe in the beginning of his Writings for which hee was of that cursed Sect much honoured Of the Enemies were slaine three hundred and eightie of ours fortie two eight of which were Portugals Faria searched the Iland and found a Village therein of fortie or fiftie houses which Coia Acem had sacked slaying some of the Inhabitants Not farre off was a great house seeming a Temple full of sicke and wounded men ninetie sixe in number which the Pyrat had there in cure whom he burned setting the house on fire in diuers places those that sought to escape being receiued on Pikes and Launces The Iunke which they had taken from the Portugals sixe and twentie dayes before Faria gaue to Mem Taborda and Antonio Anriquez in Almes for remission of his sinnes taking their Oath to take no more but their owne He tooke speciall care of the wounded and caused the slaues to be set free After all this there remayned of cleere gaines one hundred and thirtie thousand Taeis in Siluer of Iapan and other goods which that Pyrat had taken along that Coast from Sumbor to Fucheo §. II. ANTONIO FARIA his taking of Nouda a Citie in China triumph at Liampoo strange Voyage to Calempluy miserable shipwracke FAria hauing recouered his sicke men set sayle for Liampoo and beeing comne to the point of Micuy in sixe and twentie degrees by a storme he was driuen vpon a Rock in the darke night and was forced to cast out all the goods and cut all their Masts ouer-board and with much adoe we escaped with their helpe two and twentie drowned by ouer-hastinesse to the Iunke of Mem Taborda The second day after came two Portugals from Quiay Panians Iunke and plained to vs their almost like misfortune one gust hauing taken away three men and cast them a stones cast into the Sea and the losse of the small Iunke with fiftie persons most of which were Christians and seuen Portugals One of the Lanteas came and told of their disaduenture the other Lantea lost only thirteene men escaping which the Countrey people carryed Captiues to Nouday so that two Iunkes and a Lantea with aboue one hundred persons were lost and in Munition and other goods aboue two hundred thousand Cruzados the Captayne and Souldiers hauing nothing left but that on their backes The Coast of China is subiect to these strokes more then other Countries so that none can sayle thereon one yeare without disasters except at the full and change they betake them to their Ports which are many and good without barred entries except Laman and Sumbor Faria went and anchored before Nouday and sent some to sound and to take some of the people to enquire of his men who brought a Barke with eight men and two women one of whom hauing first sworne by the Sea that it below and the winds aboue should pursue him if heâ— brake his Faith and the beautie of the starres whose eyes beheld all wrong as the Chinese requested told him that he taking them to be Sea Rouers and Robbers had taken them and cast them in Irons Faria writ to the Mandarin by two of those Chinois with a Present worth two hundred Duckets to returne his men which returned the next day with an Answere written that himselfe should come and demand Iustice at his feet and he would doe as hee saw cause Hee wrote againe offering two thousand Taeis for their Redemption signifying that hee was a Portugall Merchant which came to trade at Liampoo and payd Customes without any Robbery and that the King of Portugall his Lord was in true amitie with his Brother the King of China and in Malaca his subjects vsed the Chinois justly This calling the King of Portugall the King of Chinas Brother he tooke so hainously that he caused the China Messengers to be whipped and their eares cut and sent them backe with a railing Answere written to Faria which had so proudly blasphemed calling his King the Brother of the Sonne of the Sunne the Lion crowned with incredible power in the Throne of the Vniuerse vnder whose feet all Crownes of all that gouerne the Earth are placed with all their Seniories as all Writers affirme in their Histories For this Heresie he burned his Writing with his Picture as he would doe to himselfe charging him presently to set sayle and be gone Faria enraged resolued to assault the Towne hauing three hundred men seuentie of them Portugals with the company of Quiay Panian for that feat Hauing therefore taken foure Barkes the next morning betimes with them three Iunkes and a Lorcha or Lantea he went vp the Riuer and had sixe fathomes water and an halfe anchoring by the wals And striking sayle without salutation of Artillery we put off our Flagge of contract after the China custome to fulfill all complements of peace sending new offers of loue and further satisfaction for the Prisoners But the Mandarine full of indignation hardly vsed the Messengers on the wall in sight of the Armada whereupon Faria desperate of doing any good that way leauing order with the Iunkes continually to shoot at the Enemie where they were thickest he with his company landed without contradiction and marched to the Towne When we were comne within little more then a Calieuer shot of the Ditch without the wall there issued by two gates one thousand or twelue hundred about one hundred of
the Castillos saying that he tooke it of them to bring it vnto him for that they did certifie him that it was a thing that did import very much Hauing read the letter he answered that he would giue the King to vnderstand thereof as hee said at the first time And in that touâ—hing the Friars remaining in that Countrey to preach at that time he could make them no answer for that in such matters it was first requisite to haue the good-will of the Royall Counsell Yet would hee make answer vnto the Letter they brought from the Gouernour of Manilla and that they might depart and returne againe at such time as they brought Limahon prisoner or dead the which being done then shall the friendship be concluded which they doe pretend and to remayne and preach at their will With this answer they remayned without all hope to remaine there and did incontinent prepare themselues for to depart from Manilla and bought many bookes to carrie with them wherein was comprehended all the secrets of that Kingdome By reason whereof they might giue large notice vnto the royall Maiestie of King Philip. The which being vnderstood by the Vice-roy who had set spyes to watch their doings he did send them word that they should not trouble themselues in the buying of bookes for that he would giue them freely all such bookes as they would desire to haue the which afterwards hee did not accomplish In the meane time that they stayed in this Citie amongst all other things that they vnderstood to driue away the time was one it was giuen them to vnderstand that in one of the Prisons there was a Portugall prisoner who was taken in a ship of the Iapones with others of his Nation who were all dead â—n the Prison and none left aliue but hee alone Our people being very desirous for to see him and to learne of him some secrets of that Countrey for that hee had beene there a great while they did procure to talke with him asking licence of the supreame Iudge and Lieutenant vnto the Vice-roy who did not onely refuse to gâ—ant it them but did make diligent inquirie who they were that did giue them to vnderstand thereof for to punish them Vpon a sodaine there came newes vnto the Citie that the Rouer Limahon was vpon the coast of Chincheo vsing his old accustomed cruelties and how that he had spoyled and robbed a Towne vpon the sea coast This newes was throughout all the Citie and appeared to bee true touching the effect of the deed yet false touching the person for that the Rouer was called Taocay an enemie and contrarie vnto Limahon but a friend vnto Vintoquian of whom wee haue spoken of But thereupon the Vice-roy and all of the Citie were comformable in the suspition that they had receiued which was that our people were come into that Kingdome vpon some euill pretence and to see the secrets thereof to some euill end which was the occasion that from that time forwards they shewed them not so good countenance as they did before These newes was not so soone come but straight-wayes the Vice-roy did send for Omoncon who was then returned from his visiting and Sinsay vnto whom he had done courtesie and giuen them the tytle of Loytias and Captaynes and hee did reprehend them very sharpely for that they had brought ouer people thither and sayd that they had told him a lye in saying that Limahon was besieged in such sort that hee could not escape neither had the Castillos burnt his Ships and that all was but a made matter amongst themselues and how that the Captiues which they brought and sayd that they had taken from Limahon they had robbed from other places and sayd that the Spaniards were spyes that came to discouer the secrets and strength of the Kingdome and that they had brought them thither by force of gifts that they had giuen them They answered him with great humilitie in saying that in all that which they had sayd they did speake the truth and that it should appeare at such time as the newes of the Rouer should bee better knowne the which if it shall appeare to be contrarie they were there readie for to suffer whatsoeuer punishment that should bee giuen them The Vice-roy being somewhat satisfied with this their iustification bad them to depart remitting all things vnto time for the true declaration thereof Then Omoncon and Sinsay came straight-wayes to giue the Spaniards to vnderstand of all that had passed with the Vice-roy and what they vnderstood of him which caused in them so great feare that for the time which it indured which was till such time as they vnderstood the truth as aforesayd they payed very well for their feasts and banquets the which they had made them All this happened in the time that Omoncon and Sinsay were at variance and spake many iniurious words the one of the other discouering their intents and deuises whereby it plainely appeared that in all that which they had told vnto the Vice-roy they lyed but in especiall Omoncon Sinsay did dissemble for hee sayd and told vnto all people that by his order and industrie our people did fire the Ships of Limahon and besieged him with other speeches in the like sort yet twentie dayes before his comming thither all was ended and done as appeared The occasion of their enmitie and falling out was for that the Vice-roy had giuen vnto Omoncon a tytle and charge of more honour then vnto Sinsay hauing made betwixt them a consort that the reward or dignitie should bee equally diuided betwixt them and that the one should speake of the other the best they could because the Vice-roy should doe them friendship This condition and consort as appeareth was euill performed by Omoncon being addicted vnto selfe-loue and seemed vnto him that Sinsay did not deserue so much as hee did for that he was a base man and of the Sea and hee of the more nobilitie and had the office of a Captayne WIth this griefe and care remayned the Spaniards certaine dayes kept close in their lodgings and were not visited so often as they were when they first came thither which did augment very much their feare till such time as they vnderstood that the Vice-roy either of his owne good-will or else by some particular order from the King and his Counsell had called together all the Gouernours of that Prouince of Aucheo to intreat of matters touching Limahon as also in particular why and wherefore the Spaniards came thither and to resolue themselues wholly in all things requisite for the same So when that they were all come together which was in a short time and amongst them the Gouernour of Chincheo who by another name was called Insuanto they had particular meetings together with the Vice-roy in the which they were all agreed to haue a generall meeting whereunto should bee called the Castillos and to demand of them in
Ethike Oeconomike Politike this Booke for the foure parts is called the Foure Bookes These nine are the ancientest China Bookes whence the others most what are taken and contayne most of their Characters And the ancient Kings enacted that they which professe Learning should take the foundations of their Learning from those Bookes not only to learne the proper sense of the Text but to bee able on the sudden to write fitly of any sentence for which cause that Tetrabiblion is learned without Booke Neyther is there any Vniuersitie or publike Schoole as some of ours haue affirmed the Masters or Professors whereof haue vndertaken to read and expound those Bookes but euery one gets a Master at home at his owne choice and cost of which there is a huge multitude In this Science are three Degrees bestowed on them which offer themselues to be examined and are iudged meete That Examination is almost wholly in Writing The first Degree is conferred in euery City in that place which is called the Schoole by some learned man designed to that Office by the King who is by that place called Tihio the Degree is termed Sieucai A threefold Examination is premised First at his comming to any City of his Prouince all that stand for that degree in that City and the confining limits thereof resort thither and are examined by those Masters which are set ouer the Bachelours till they haue attayned further Degree mayntayned by the Kings stipend In this Examination euery one is admitted perhaps foure or 5000. assembled to that purpose The second is by the foure Gouernours of the City for none are admitted to Gouernment but the Learned which present out of all that number 200. of the better Writers to the Tihio and he in a third Examination chuseth 20. or 30. of the best which he entituleth Bachelors their Ensignes are a long Gowne a Cap and Boots which none else may weare in all places they are much respected as in a ranke aboue the vulgar Citizens and enjoy also diuers Priuiledges being in manner subject only to the Masters aforesaid and the Tihio other Magistrates scarsly medling with them This Tihio not only hath authority ouer these new created Bachelors but ouer those which were made before to re-examine them and these according to their writing hee diuideth into fiue rankes the first he rewardeth with some publike Office in the City the second with some inferiour honour the third he neyther rewards nor punisheth the fourth he causeth to be publikely whipped the last he degradeth and maketh againe Plebeians The second Degree is called Kiugin and may be compared with our Licentiates and is conferred but once in three yeares and that in the Metropolitane City about the eight Moone with greater Majesty And the degree is not conferred to all but to a certayne number of the worthiest according to the dignity of each Prouince Pequin and Nanquin haue each 150. Cequian Quamsi and Fuquian 95. others fewer Only Bachelors but not all are admitted to this Examination the Tihio sending out of each City or Schoole 30. or at most 40. of the best which number yet ariseth in some Prouince to 4000. of those Examinates or Probationers for this second degree A little before the eighth Moon which often fals in September the Pequin Magistrates present to the King 100. of the most esteemed Philosophers in the Kingdome who thence pricketh or nameth thirty for each Prouince two to take charge of the Examination of these Candidates One of these two must bee of the Hanlin Colledge the Collegians whereof are most famous thorow the Kingdome The King doth not name them till that nicke of time when they must presently packe to their Prouince diligently guarded also that they speake with none of that Prouince till the Act or Commencement be past In the same Prouince also are chosen the best Philosophers to assist these two Examiners In euery Mother City is a huge Palace built for this purpose compassâ—d with high wals with many stations for the Examiners separate from noyse and foure thousand Cels or Studies besides in the midst of the Palace wherein is a stoole and table for one man that none may see or confer with any other When the Examiners sent by the King and those of the Prouince are come thither they are presently shut vp in their stations before they can speake with other men or with each other during all the Examination time Night and day meane-whiles the Magistrates and Souldiers guard the Palace from Colloquies Three dayes the same thorow the Kingdome the ninth twelfth and fifteenth of the eighth Moone from morning to night are appointed for their writing the doores being shut A light refection prouided the day before is giuen to the Writers at publike cost When the Bachelors come to the Palace they are thorowly searched whether they haue any Booke or Writing with them and are admitted only with the Pensils which they vse in writing their Plate Paper and Inke these also and their Garments searched to preuent all fraud which found causeth the twofold punishment both of losse and sence When they are admitted the doores shut and sealed the two Royall Examiners out of the Tetrabiblium propound three Sentences for so many Theames to euery of them and foure out of the fiue Bookes of Doctrines for so many other Theames These seuen Writings must bee made for elegance of words and weight of Sentences according to the Precepts of China Rhetoricke neyther must any Writing contayne aboue 500. Characters Two dayes being passed for the Examinationn of these the next day out of the Chronicles or other three Cases of Politie are propounded wherein each which three Theames or Writing expresse their minde or Libel-wise admonish the King what were fittest to be done The third day three Law Cases such as happen in the Magistrates Offices are propounded for each thereof to expresse his Sentence These in great silence each in his appointed Cell hauing written their Theames subscribed with their owne their Fathers Grand-fathers and great Grand-fathers names and sealed so that none but men appointed may reade them offer them to certayne Officers which before the Examiners see them cause them to bee transcribed by certayne thereto appointed which Copies to be distinguished from the Originals are written in Red Inke without the Authors names the Originals laid vp safely that none might by the hand or name know the Authour In this Examination the Assistants first reiect the worst present vnto the two Examiners twice so many as are to be chosen Licentiates as if one hundred and fifty are to bee chosen three hundred are tendered to passe their last scrutinie who first lay by the best so many as are to bee elected and thence take the first second and third and set them accurately in order and then conferre them with the Originals thence taking the names which they
is yet more admirable wherein appeares the power and greatnesse of the Creator to giue so base a Nation as be the Indians the industrie and courage to incounter the most fierce and deformed beast in the world and not onely to fight with him but also to vanquish him and not to triumph ouer him Considering this I haue often remembred that place of the Psalmes speaking of the Whale Draco iste quem formasti ad illudendum eum What greater mockerie can there be then to see an Indian leade a Whale as bigge as a Mountaine vanquished with a cord The manner the Indians of Florida vse as some expert men haue told me to take these Whales whereof there is great store is they put themselues into a Canoe which is like a barke of a tree and in swimming approach neere the Whales side then with great dexteritie they leape to his necke and there they ride as on horse-back expecting his time then he thrusts a sharpe and strong stake which he carries with him into the Whales nostrill for so they call the hole or vent by which they breathe presently he beates it in with another stake as forcibly as he can in the meane space the Whale doth furiously beate the Sea and raiseth Mountaines of water running into the deepe with great violence and presently riseth againe not knowing what to doe for paine the Indian still sits firme and to giue him full paiment for this trouble hee beates another stake into the other vent or nosthrill so as he stoppeth him quite and takes away his breathing then he betakes him to his Canoe which he holds tied with a cord to the Whales side and goes to Land hauing first tied his cord to the Whale the which he lets run with the Whale who leapes from place to place whilest he finds water enough being troubled with paine in the end he comes neere the Land and remaines on ground by the hugenesse of his body vnable any more to moue then a great number of Indians come vnto the Conquerour to gather his spoiles they kill him and cut his flesh in peeces the which is bad enough this doe they dry and beate into powder vsing it for meate it doth last them long wherein is fulfilled that which is spoken in another Psalme of the Whale Dedisti eum escam populis Aethiopum Peter Mendez the Adelantade did often speake of this kinde of fishing Whereof Monardes makes mention in his Booke There is another fishing which the Indians doe commonly vse in the Sea the which although it be lesse yet is it worthy the report They make as it were faggots of bul-rushes or dry sedges well bound together which they call Balsas hauing carried them vpon their shoulders to the Sea they cast them in and presently leape vpon them being so set they lanch out into the deepe rowing vp and downe with small reedes of either side they goe a league or two into the Sea to fish carrying with them their cords and nets vpon these faggots and beare themselues thereon They cast out their nets and doe there remaine fishing the greatest part of the day and night vntill they haue filled vp their measure with the which they returne well satisfied Truely it was delightfull to see them fish at Callao of Lima for that they were many in number and euery one set on horse-backe cutting the waues of the Sea which in their place of fishing are great and furious resembling the Tritons or Neptunes which they paint vpon the water and being come to Land they draw their barke out of the water vpon their backes the which they presently vndoe and lay abroad on the shoare to drie There were other Indians of the Vallies of Yca which were accustomed to goe to fish in leather or skins of Sea-wolues blowne vp with winde and from time to time they did blow them like bals of winde lest they should sinke In the vaâ—e of Canete which in old time they called Guaroo there were a great number of Indian fishers but because they resisted the Ingua when he came to conquer that Land hee made shew of peace with them and therefore to feast him they appointed a solemne fishing of many thousand Indians which went to Sea in their vessels of reeds at whose returne the Ingua who had laid many Souldiers in ambush made a cruell butcherie of them so as afterward this Land remained vnpeopled although it be aboundant and fertile I did see another manner of fishing whereunto Don Francis of Toledo the Viceroy did leade me yet was it not in the Sea but in a Riuer which they call great in the Prouince of Charcas where the Indians Chiraquanas plunged into the water and swimming with an admirable swiftnesse followed the fish where with darts and hookes which they vse to carry in their right hand onely swimming with the left they wound the fish and so hurt they brought them forth seeming in this more like vnto fishes then men of the Land But now that we haue left the Sea let vs come to other kinde of waters that remaine to be spoken of In place of the Mediterranean Sea which is in the old world the Creator hath furnished this new with many Lakes whereof there are some so great as they may be properly called Seas seeing the Scripture calleth that of Palestina so which is not so great as some of these The most famous is that of Titicaca which is at Peru in the Prouince of Callao the which as I haue said in the former booke containes neere fourescore leagues in compasse into the which there runs ten or twelue great Riuers A while since they began to saile in it with Barkes and Ships wherein they proceeded so ill that the first Ship was split with a tempest that did rise in the Lake The water is not altogether sower nor salt as that of the Sea but it is so thicke as it cannot be drunke There are two kindes of fishes breede in this Lake in great abundance the one they call Suches which is great and sauorous but phlegmaticke and vnwholesome and the other Bogos which is more healthfull although it be lâ—sse and fuller of bones there are great numbers of wilde-ducks and Wigens When as the Indians will feast it or shew delight to any one that passeth along the two bankes which they call Chuouyto and Omasugo they assemble a great number of Canoes making a circle and inuironing the fowle vntill they take with their hands what they please and they call this manner of fishing Chaco On the one and the other banke of this Lake are the best habitations of Peru. From the issue thereof there growes a lesser Lake although it be great which they call Paria vpon the bankes whereof there are great numbers of cattell especially Swine which grow exceeding fat with the grasse vpon those bankes There are many other Lakes in the high Mountaines whence proceede Brookes and
which is the tropike neerest vnto them I know not whether the one or the other haue obserued any Bisexte although some hold the contrarie The weekes which the Mexicans did reckon were not properly weekes being not of seuen daies the Inguas likewise made no mention thereof which is no wonder seeing the count of the weeke is not grounded vpon the course of the Sunne as that of the yeare nor of the Moone as that of the moneth but among the Hebrewes it is grounded vpon the creation of the world as Moyses reporteth and amongst the Greekes and Latins vpon the number of the seuen Planets of whose names the daies of the weeke haue taken their denomination yet was it much for those Indians being men without bookes and learning to haue a yeare seasons and feasts so well appointed as I haue said LEtters were inuented to signifie properly the words we doe pronounce euen as words according to the Philosopher are the signes and demonstrations of mans thoughts and conceptions And both the one and the other I say the letters and words were ordained to make things knowne The voice of such as are present and letters for the absent and such as are to come Signes and markes which are not properly to signifie words but things cannâ—t be called neither in truth are they letters although they be written for we cannot say that the picture of the Sunne is a writing of the Sunne but onely a picture and the like may be said of other signes and characters which haue no resemblance to the thing but serue onely for memorie for he that inuented them did not ordaine them to signifie words but onely to noate the thing neither doe they call those characters letters or writings as indeede they are not but rather ciphers or remembrances as those be which the Spherists or Astronomers doe vse to signifie diuers signes or planets of Mars Venus Iupiter c. Such characters are ciphers and no letters for what name soeuer Mars may haue in Italian France or Spanish this character doth alwaies signifie it the which is not found in letters for although they signifie the thing yet is it by meanes of woâ—ds So as they which know not the thing vnderstand them not as for example the Greekes nor the Hebrews cannot conceiue what this word Sol doth signifie although they see it written for that they vnderstand not the Latine word so as writing and letters are onely practised by them which signifie words therewith For if they signifie things mediately they are no more letters nor writings but ciphers and pictures whereby we may obserue two notable things The one that the memorie of Histories and Antiquities may be preserued by one of these three meanes either by letters and writings as hath beene vsed amongst the Latines Greekes Hebrewes and manie other Nations or by painting as hath beene vsed almost throughout all the world for it is said in the second Nicene Counsell Painting is a Booke for fooles which cannot reade or by ciphers and characters as the cipher signifies the number of a hundred a thousand and others without noting the word of a hundred or a thousand The other thing we may obserue thereby is that which is propounded in this Chapter which is that no Nation of the Indies discouered in our time hath had the vse of letters and writings but of the other two sorts Images and figures The which I obserue not onely of the Indies of Peru and New Spaine but also of Iappon and China It is difficulâ— to vnderstand how the Chinois can write proper names in their tongue especially of strangers being things they haue neuer seene and not able to inuent figures proper vnto them I haue made triall thereof being in Mexico with the Chinois willing them to write this proposition in their language Ioseph Acosta is come from Peru and such like whereupon the Chinese was long pensiue but in the end hee did write it the which other Chinois did after reade although they did vary a little in the pronuntiation of the proper name For they vse this deuise to write a proper name they seeke out some thing in their tongue that hath resemblance to that name and set downe the figure of this thing And as it is difficult among so many proper names to finde things to resemble them in the prolation so is it very difficult and troublesome to write such names Vpon this purpose Father Allonso Sanchez told vs that when hee was in China being led into diuers Tribunall Seates from Manderin to Manderin they were long in putting his name in writing in their Caphas yet in the end they did write it after their manner and so ridiculously that they scarce came neere to the name and this is the fashion of Letters and Writings which the Chinois vsed That of the Iapponois approached very neere although they affirme that the Noblemen of Iappon that came into Europe did write all things very easily in their Language were they of our proper names yea I haue had some of their Writing shewed me whereby it seemes they should haue some kinde of Letters although the greatest part of their Writings bee by the Characters and figures as hath beene said of the Chinois An Indian of Peru or Mexico that hath learned to read write knowes more then the wisest Mandarin that is amongst them for that the Indian with foure and twentie Letters which hee hath learned will write all the words in the World and a Mandarin with his hundred thousand Letters will be troubled to write some proper name as of Martin or Alonso and with greater reason he shall bee lesse able to write the names of things hee knowes not So as the writing in China is no other thing but a manner of painting or ciphering WE find among the Nations of New Spaine a great knowledge and memorie of antiquititie and therefore searching by what meanes the Indians had preserued their Histories and so many particularities I learned that although they were not so subtill and curious as the Chinois and those of Iappon yet had they some kind of Letters and Bookes amongst them whereby they preserued after their manner the deeds of their Predecessors In the Prouince of Yucatan where the Bishopricke is which they call de Honduras there were Bookes of the leaues of Trees folded and squared after their manner in the which the wise Indians contained the distribution of their times the knowledge of the Planets of beasts and other naturall things with their Antiquities a thing full of great curiositie and diligence It seemed to some Pendant that all this was an Inchantment and Magicke Arte who did obstinately maintayne that they ought to be burnt so as they were committed to the fire Which since not onely the Indians found to be ill done but also the curious Spaniards who desired to know the secrets of the Countrey The like hath happened in other things for
being presently made with these numbers of knots and handfuls of coards it remaynes for a certaine testimonie and register I did see a handfull of these strings wherein an Indian woman carried written a generall confession of all her life and thereby confessed her selfe as well 〈◊〉 I could haue done it in written Paper I asked her what those strings meant that differed from the rest she answered me they were certaine circumstances which the sinne required to be fully confessed Beside these Quippos of threed they haue another as it were a kind of writing with small stones by meanes whereof they learne punctually the words they desire to know by heart It is a pleasant thing to see the old and the impotent with a Wheele made of small stones learne the Paâ—er noster with another the Aue Maria with another the Creed and to remember what stone signifies Which was conceiued by the Holy Ghost and which Suffered vnder Pontius Pilate It is a pleasant thing to see them correct themselues when they doe erre for all their correction consisteth onely in beholding of their small stones One of these Wheeles were sufficient to make me forget all that I doe know by heart There are a great number of these Wheeles in the Church-yards for this purpose But it seemes a kind of Witch-craft to see another kinde of Quippos which they make of graines of Mays for to cast vp a hard account wherein a good Arithmetician would bee troubled with his Penne to make a diuision to see how much euery one must contribute they doe draw so many graines from one side and adde so many to another with a thousand other inuentions These Indians will take their graines and place fiue of one side three of another and eight of another and will change one graine of one side and three of another So as they finish a certaine account without erring in any point and they sooner submit themselues to reason by these Quippos what euery one ought to pay then wee can doe with the Penne. Heereby wee may judge if they haue any vnderstanding or bee brutish for my part I thinke they passe vs in those things whereunto they doe apply themselues IT shall be good to adde hereunto what we haue obserued touching the Indians Writings for their manner was not to write with a continued line but from the top to the bottome or in circle-wise The Latines and Greekes doe write from the left hand vnto the right which is the vulgar and common manner wee doe vse The Hebrewes contrariwise beganne at the right to the left and therefore their Bookes began where ours did end The Chinois write neither like the Greekes nor like the Hebrewes but from the top to the bottome for as they bee no Letters but whole words and that euery figure and Character signifieth a thing they haue no neede to assemble the parts one with another and therefore they may well write from the toppe to the bottome Those of Mexico for the same cause did not write in line from one side to another but contrary to the Chinois beginning below they mounted vpward They vsed this manner of writing in the account of their dayes and other things which they obserued Yet when they did write in their Wheeles or Signes they began from the middest where the Sunne was figured and so mounted by their yeeres vnto the round and circumference of the Wheele By words Pictures and these Memorialls the Kings were often aduertised of that which passed For this cause there were men of great agilitie which serued as Curriers to goe and come whom they did nourish in this exercise of Running from their youth labouring to haue them well breathed that they might runne to the top of a high Hill without wearinesse And therefore in Mexico they gaue the Prize to three or foure that first mounted vp the stayres of the Temple as hath beene said in the former Booke And in Cusco when they made their Solemne Feast of Capacrayme the Nouices did runne who could fastest vp the Rocke of Ynacauri And the exercise of running is generall much vsed among the Indians When as there chanced any matter of importance they sent vnto the Lords of Mexico the thing painted whereof they would aduertise them as they did when the first Spanish ships appeared to their sight and when they tooke Topanchan In Peru they were very curious of Footmen and the Ingua had them in all parts of the Realme as ordinary Posts called Chasquis whereof shall bee spoken in his place Many Nations of the Indies haue not indured any Kings or absolute and souereigne Lords but liue in Comminalties creating and appointing Captaynes and Princes for certayne occasions onely to whom they obey during the time of their charge then after they returne to their former estates The greatest part of this New World where there are no setled Kingdomes nor established Common-weales neither Princes nor succeeding Kings they gouerne themselues in this manner although there bee some Lords and principall men raised aboue the common sort In this sort the whole Countrey of Chille is gouerned where the Aâ—racanes those of Teucapell and others haue so many yeeres resisted the Spaniards And in like sort all the new Kingdome of Granado that of Guatimalla the Ilands all Florida Bresill Luson and other Countreyes of great circuit but that in some places they are yet more barbarous scarcely acknowledging any head but all command and gouerne in common hauing no other thing but will violence industry and disorder so as hee that most may most commands They haue onely found two Kingdomes or setled Empires that of the Mexicans in New Spaine and of the Inguas in Peru. It is not easie to be said which of the two was the mightiest Kingdome for that Moteçuma exceeded them of Peru in Buildings and in the greatnesse of his Court but the Inguas did likewise exceed the Mexicans in treasure riches and greatnesse of Prouinces In regard of Antiquitie the Monarchie of the Inguas hath the aduantage although it be not much and in my opinion they haue beene equall in feats of Armes and Victories It is most certaine that these two Kingdomes haue much exceeded all the Indian Prouinces discouered in this New World as well in good order and gouernment as in power and wealth and much more in Superstition and Seruice of their Idols hauing many things like one to another But in one thing they differed much for among the Mexicans the succession of the Kingdome was by election as the Empire of the Romanes and that of Peru was hereditary and they succeeded in bloud as the Kingdomes of France and Spaine THe Ingua which ruled in Peru being dead his lawfull Sonne succeeded him and so they held him that was borne of his chiefe Wife whom they called Coya The which they haue alwayes obserued since the time of an Ingua called Yupangui who married his
Turkish add other Letters and not onely the transcript from their languages As for translations and collections thou hast them here also out of the Hebrew Auncient and Moderne Greeke Abassine Tartarian Russian Polonian Aegyptian and innumerable other Nations Christian Iewish Mahumetan Ethnike Ciuill Barbarian and Sauage innumerable wayes diuersified Yet all these in letters or characters In hieroglyphicall mysticall pictures the ancient Aegyptians and Ethiopians haue by way of Emblemes obscurely and darkly deliuered their obscure mysteries vncertaine waxenly pliant conceits to the world some of which our Pilgrimage hath mentioned But a Historie yea a Politicke Ethike Ecclesiastike Oeconomike History with iust distinctions of times places acts and arts we haue neither seene of theirs nor of any other Nation but of this which our light and slight apprehensions terme not barbarous alone but wilde and sauage Such an one we here present a present thought fit for him whom the senders esteemed the greatest of Princes and yet now presented to thy hands before it could arriue in his presence For the Spanish Gouernour hauing with some difficultie as the Spanish Preface imports obtained the Booke of the Indians with Mexican interpretations of the Pictures but ten daies before the departure of the Ships committed the same to one skilfull in the Mexican language to be interpreted who in a very plaine stile and verbatim performed the same vsing also some Morisco words as Alâ—aqui and Mezquitas for Priest and Temples import This Historie thus written sent to Charles the fifth Emperour was together with the Shippe that carried it taken by Fâ—enchmen of war from whom Andrew Theuet the French Kings Geographer obtained the same after whose death Master Hakluyt then Chaplaine to the English Embassadour in France bought the same for 20. French crownes and procured Master Michael Locke in Sir Walter Raleighs name to translate it It seemes that none were willing to be at the cost of cutting the Pictures and so it remained amongst his papers till his death whereby according to his last will in that kinde I became possessour thereof and haue obtained with much earnestnesse the cutting thereof for the Presse The rather was I eagerly vehement herein as being a thing desired by that most industrious Antiquary iudicious Scholler Religious Gentleman our Ecclesiastike Secular the Churches champion Sir Henry Spelman Knight whom for honors sake I name that his name may honour our ruder lines a name so fitting to the Man as one which â—an in regard of his wise spell and science in diuine humane learning and is ready with maine courage and alacritie to shew himselfe the Churches Man and to exhibit himselfe in deede whatsoeuer any man can spell out of Spel-man The commending from such a friend let the Muses impetrate pardon for so bold a name was a commanding vnto me which here I againe commend to Him and thee It is diuided into three parts the first being the Annales and Mexican Chronicle the second their Exchequer or the Accounts of their seuerall Tributes paid them from the Nations and peoples tributary whereby may be seene the Naturall riches of those parts peculiarly sorted the third the Mexican Oeconomie and Policie in warre and peace religious and secular their priuate and publike rites from the graue of the wombe to the wombe of the graue Obscure places I haue explained besides what before in Acosta thou hast read comparing the translation with the originall adding many of mine owne and perhaps there is not any one History of this kinde in the world comparable to this so fully expressing so much without Letters hardly gotten and easily lost that thou maist here finde it CHAP. VII The History of the Mexican Nation described in pictures by the Mexican Author explained in the Mexican language which exposition translated into Spanish and thence into English together with the said Picture-historie are here presented §. I. The Mexican Chronicle HEre beginneth the Historie and foundation of the Citie of Mexico founded and inhabited by the Mexicans who at that time were called Meçiti whose originall beginning of being Lords and their acts and liues are declared briefely in this Historie according as it is signified and set out successiuely by the pictures and paintings following In the yeare 1324. after the comming of our Lord and Sauiour Iesus Christ the Mexican people first arriued at the place of the Citie of Mexico and because they liked well the greatnesse and the scituation of that place after that they had trauailed in their Iournies and wandered many yeares from Country to Countrey in some of them had made their abode for some yeares being come from far Countries in following their Iournies and not being contented with the other places where they had made their abode they came and setled themselues in the place of Mexico The which place at that time was all drowned with water and was couered with great bogs and bankes of moorish shegs and bulrushes which they call Tuli and it had Carrizales and great plats of dry ground couered with shrubbes bushes and briars like woods And through all the space of that place there went a spring streame of fair cleere water which was free from all segges and bushes which water streame went through it crossewise in manner of Saint Andrewes crosse as it is shewed in the picture and about the middle of that place of that water-streame the Meçiti found a great rocke of stone and growing thereon a great Tree or bush called Tunal wherein a great Eagle Candal had her haunt and abode for her foode so as all about that place was scattered full of bones and feathers of diuers Birds and Foules of diuers colours And they hauing gone throughout all that place and Countrie thereabout and finding it very fruitfull and full of wilde beasts wilde Foules Birds and Fishes and things of the water wherewith to sustaine themselues and to profit themselues in their businesse in dealing with the Townes thereabouts and finding the water-courses of that place so commodious and that their Neighbours could not trouble nor hurt them and for other things and causes to their good liking they determined to passe no further on their iourneyes in trauelling but to settle themselues and dwell still And according to their determination they did settle themselues there effectually And made themselues a strong Citie of defence with bankes and walles about the waters and on the plats of ground among the â—egges and Bushes of Tulis and Carrizales And for a beginning of that their seate and habitation it was determined by them to giue name and title to that place calling it Tenultitlan By reason and cause of the Tunal growing out of the Rocke for Tenuchtitlan interpreted in our Castilian Spanish Tongue is Tunal growing vpon a Rocke The armie of the Mexican people had with them for chiefe Gouernours ten persons named Ocelopan Quapan Acacitli Ahuexolt Teâ—uch Tâ—cincuh 〈◊〉 Xocoyol Xuihcaqui Atototl as it is
bones and Iewels was gathered and laid vpon a rich Mantle the which was carried to the Temple gate where the Priests attended to blesse those deuellish relickes whereof they made a dough or paste and thereof an Image which was apparelled like a man with a visor on his face and all other sorts of Iewels that the deaâ— King was wont to weare so that it seemed a gallant I doll At the foote of the Temple staires they opened a graue ready made which was square large and two fadom deepe it was also hanged with new Mats round about and a farre bed therein in the which a religious man placed the Idol made of aâ—hes with his eyes toward the East part and hung round about the wals Targets of Gold and Siluer with Bowe and Arrowes and many gallant tuffes of Feathers with earthen vessels as Pots Dishes and Platters so that the graue was filled vp with houshold stuffe Chests couered with Leather Apparell Iewels Meate Drinke and Armor This done the graue was shut vp and made sure with beâ—mes boords and flored with earth on the top All those Gentlemen which had serued or touched any thing in the buriall washed themselues and went to dinner in the Court or yard of the Kings house without any table and hauing dined they wiped their hands vpon certaine locks of Cotten woll hanging downe their heads and not speaking any word except it were to aske for drinke This Ceremonie endured fiue dayes and in all that time no fire was permitted to be kindled in the Citie except in the Kings house and Temples nor yet any Corne was ground or Market kept nor none durst goe out of their houses shewing all the sorrow that might be possible for the death of their King In Mexico were twelue Iudges who were all Noblemen graue and well learned in the Mexican Lawes These men liued onely by the rents that properly appertaine to the maintenance of Iustice and in any cause iudged by them it was lawfull for the parties to appeale vnto other twelue Iudges who were of the Princes bloud and alwayes abode in the Court and were maintained at the Kings owne cost and charges The inferiour Iudges came ordinarily once euery moneth to consult with the higher And in euery fourescore dayes came the Iudges of euery Prouince within the Mexican Empire to consult with the Iudges of Mexico but all doubtfull causes were reserued to the King onely to passe by his order and determination The Painters serued for notaries to paint all the cases which were to be resolued but no suite passed aboue fourescore dayes without finall end and determination There were in that Citie twelue Sergeants whose office was to arrest and to call parties before the Iudges Their garments were painted Mantels whereby they were knowne a farre off The Prisons were vnder ground moist and darke the cause whereof was to put the people in feare to offend If any witnesse were called to take an oath the order was that he should touch the ground with one of his fingers and then to touch his tongue with the same which signified that he had sworne and promised to speake the troth with his tongue taking witnesse thereof of the earth which did maintaine him But some doe interprete the oath that if the paâ—tie sware not true that then he might come to such extremitie as to eate earth Sometime they name and call vpon the God of the crime whose cause the matter touched The Iudge that taketh bribes or gifts is forthwith put out of his office which was accounted a most vile aâ—d 〈◊〉 reproach The Indians did affirme that Necauâ—lpincintâ— did hang a Iudge in Tezâ—â—â—o for 〈…〉 sentence be himselfe knowing the contrary The Murtherer is executed without exception The woman with childe that wilfully casteth her creature suffereth death for the same The Theefe for the first offence was made a slaue and hanged for the second The Traitor to the King and Common-weale was put to death with extreame torments The Woman taken in Mans apparell died for the same and likewise the Man taken in Womans attire Euery one that challengeth another to fight except in the warres was condemned to dye In Tezcuco the sinne of Sodomie was punished with death and that Law was instituted by Necaualpincinth and Necaualcoio who were Iudges which abhorred that filthy sinne and therefore they deserued great praise for in other Prouinces that abhominable sinne was not punished although they haue in those places common Stewes as in Panuco The end of the fift Booke AN ALPHABETICALL TABLE OF THE PRINCIPALL THINGS CONTAINED IN THE FIVE BOOKES of the third Part of PVRCHAS his Pilgrims The first Number notes the Page the second Number directs you to the number noted in the back-margent of the Pages Right against which or betwixt that and the next number the note is to bee found Obserue that whereas many words may bee well written with I. or with Y. the Reader is to looke to both Obserue also that Name of Saints or Knights are not set vnder S. but in the Alphabet of their proper Names A ABaccu is the Caspian Sea 69.60 The largenesse of it 70.1 Abaseia or Habassia is India media 106.50 in Marg. Rich in Gold ibid. Abedalcuria 252.60 Abortion caused by an Herbe 991.40 Acapulco the Prouince and Port in the West Indies the Latitude 871.60 Acias or Akas so the Tartars call the Alanian Christians 10.10 Enemies to the Tartars 12.40 Achbaluch Mangi which in Tartars Language is the White Citie of the Mangi 90.1 Acornes as big as Apples 520 50 Accents the Chinois haue fiue seuerall 384.20 Accounts cast by graines of Corne 1053.50 Accord betweene Poles and Russes about chusing their Emperour 788.789 Acquaintance the Ceremony of beginning it 374 Acacron the Armenian Prophet 49.50 Acon the Citie Arabicke and Syriack vnderstood there 13.50 Adams Sepulcher in Zeilan 106.1 More of that Fable ibid. Adams-Apples grow in Persia 71.10 Adders of India their seuerall sorts and natures 976.1 Adem the Soldan of it discomfited 106.50 Admirals Iland 474.40 Sea horses there 512 Adoration the manner of it in Mexico 1027.30 1028.1 1046.60 Adoption practised in Russia 740.40 Adulterie punished with Death in Peru 1058.40 Adultresses Dowries giuen to poore Girles 276.10 Adulterie Witaldrie the punishment 182.40 Adulterers how punished in China 204.10 Aedgar the King his mightie Nauie 619.40 Emperour of the Ocean ibid. Aegeland and Halgeland discouered 212.1 Aequinoctiall vnder it moyst and raynie and why 918.40 Not so hoâ— as the Antients held it very cold in March causes of the temperature though the Sunne bee very hote the dayes and nights equall 920. No Calmes vnder the Lane 923.60.926 The Ayre vnder or neere it swifter then the Ayre about the Poles and why 925.30 Easterne and Westerne windes continuall vnder the Lino 925.40 See Torride Zone Aequinoctiall whither healthfull liuing vnder it 889.10 Aethiopian Patriarch 327.30
destructions of their fellowes besides what hee got in Siberia and from the Pole Sweden Prussian extending his Conquests East West North and South yea his memorie is sauourie still to the Russians which either of their seruile disposition needing such a bridle and whip or for his long and prosperous reigne or out of distaste of later tragedies hold him in little lesse reputation as some haue out of their experience instructed me then a Saint His loue to our Nation is magnified by our Countrimen with all thankfulnesse whose gaineâ— there begun by him haue made them also in some sort seeme to turne Russe in I know what loues or feares as if they were still shut vp in Russia to conceale whatsoeuer they know of Russian occurrents that I haue sustayned no small torture with great paines of body vexation of minde and triall of potent interceding friends to get but neglect and silence from some yea almost contempt and scorne They alledge their thankfulnesse for benefits receiued from that Nation and their feare of the Dutch readie to take aduantage thereof and by calumniations from hence to interuert their Trade This for loue to my Nation I haue inserted against any Cauillers of our Russe Merchants though I must needs professe that I distaste and almost detest that call it what you will of Merchants to neglect Gods glorie in his prouidence and the Worlds instruction from their knowledge who while they will conceale the Russians Faults will tell nothing of their Facts and whiles they will be silent in mysteries of State will reueale nothing of the histories of Fact and that in so perplexed diuersified chances and changes as seldome the World hath in so short a space seene on one Scene Whiles therefore they which seeme to know most will in these Russian Relations helpe me little or nothing except to labour and frustrated hopes I haue besides much conference with eye witnesses made bold with others in such books as in diuers languages I haue read and in such Letters and written Tractates as I could procure of my friends or found with Master Hakluyt as in other parts of our storie not seeking any whit to disgrace that Nation or their Princes but onely desiring that truth of things done may bee knowne and such memorable alterations may not passe as a dreame or bee buried with the Doers Sir Ierome Horsey shall leade you from Iuans Graue to Pheodores Coronation The most solemne and magnificent coronation of PHEODOR IVANOVVICH Emperour of Russia c. the tenth of Iune in the yeare 1584. seene and obserued by Master IEROM HORSEY Gentleman and seruant to her Maiestie WHen the old Emperor Iuan Vasilowich died being about the eighteeenth of April 1584. after our computation in the Citie of Mosco hauing raigned fiftie foure yeares there was some tumult vprore among some of the Nobilitie and Comminaltie which notwithstanding was quickly pacified Immediately the same night the Prince Boris Pheodorowich Godonoua Knez Iuon Pheodorowich Mesthis Slafsky Knez Iuan Petrowich Susky Mekita Romanowich and Bodan Iacoulewich Belskoy being all noble men and chiefest in the Emperours Will especially the Lord Boris whom he adopted as his third son and was brother to the Empresse who was a man very well liked of all estates as no lesse worthy for his valour and wisedome all these were appointed to dispose and settle his Sonne Pheodor Iuanowich hauing one sworne another and all the Nobilitie and Officers whosoeuer In the morning the dead Emperour was laid into the Church of Michael the Archangell into a hewen Sepulchre very richly decked with Vestures fit for such a purpose and present Proclamation was made Emperour Pheodor Iuanowich of all Russia c. Throughout all the Citie of Mosco was great watch and ward with Souldiors and Gunners good orders established and Officers placed to subdue the tumulters and maintaine quietnesse to see what speede and policie was in this case vsed was a thing worth the beholding This being done in Mosco great men of birth and accompt were also presently sent to the bordering Townes as Smolensko Vobsko Kasan Nouogorod c. with fresh garrison and the old sent vp As vpon the fourth of May a Parliament was held wherein were assembled the Metropolitane Archbishops Bishops Priors and chiefe Clergie men and all the Nobility whatsoeuer where many matters were determined not pertinent to my purpose yet all tended to a new reformation in the gouernement but especially the terme and time was agreed vpon for the solemnizing of the new Emperours coronation In the meane time the Empresse wife to the old Emperour was with her childe the Emperours son Charlewich Demetrie Iuanowich of one yeares age or there abouts sent with her Father Pheodor Pheodorowich Nagay and that kindred being fiue brothers to a towne called Ouglets which was giuen vnto her and the yong Prince her sonne with all the Lands belonging to it in the shire with officers of all sorts appointed hauing allowance of apparell iewels diet horse c. in ample manner belonging to the estate of a Princesse The time of mourning after their vse being expired called Sorachyn or fortie orderly dayes the day of the solemnizing of this coronation with great preparations was come being vpon the tenth day of Iune 1584. and that day then Sunday he being of the age of twenty fiue years at which time Master Ierom Horsey was orderly sent for and placed in a fit roome to see all the solemnity The Emperour comming out of his Pallace there went before him the Metropolitane Archbishops Bishops and chiefest Monkes and Clergie men with very rich Coapes and Priests garments vpon them carrying pictures of our Lady c. with the Emperors Angell banners censers and many other such ceremonious things singing all the way The Emperour with his nobility in order entred the Church named Blaueshina or Blessednes where prayers and seruice were vsed according to the manner of their Church that done they went thence to the Church called Michael the Archangell and there also vsed the like prayers and seruice and from thence to our Lady Church Prechista being their Cathedrall Church In the middest thereof was a chaire of maiestie placed wherein his Ancestors vsed to sit at such extraordinary times his roabes were then changed and most rich and vnualuable garments put on him being placed in this Princely seate his nobilitie standing round about them in their degrees his imperiall Crowne was set vpon his head by the Metropolitane his Scepter globe in his right hand his sword of Iustice in his left of great riches his six crowns also by which he holdeth his Kingdomes were set before him and the Lord Boris Pheodorowich was placed at his right hand then the Metropolitan read openly a booke of a small volume with exhortations to the Emperour to minister true Iustice to inioy with tranquility the Crowne of his ancestours which God had giuen him and vsed these
words following Through the will of the almightie and without beginning God which was before this world whom we glorifie in the Trinitie one onely God the Father the Sonne and the holy Ghost maker of all things worker of all in all euery where fulfiller of all things by which will and working he both liueth and giueth life to man that our onely God which enspireth euerie one of vs his onely children with his word to discerne God through our Lord Iesus Christ and the holy quickning spirit of life now in these perillous times established vs to keepe the right Scepter and suffer vs to raigne of our selues to the good profit of the land to the subduing of the people together with the enemies and the maintenance of vertue And so the Metropolitan blessed and laid his crosse vpon him After this he was taken out of his chaire of Maiesty hauing vpon him an vpper roabe adorned with precious stones of all sorts orient pearles of great quantity but alwayes augmented in riches it was in weight two hundred pounds the traine and parts thereof borne vp by six Dukes his chiefe imperiall Crowne vpon his head very precious his staffe imperiall in his right hand of an Vnicornes horne of three foote and a halfe in length beset with rich stones bought of Merchants of Ausburge by the old Emperour in Anno 1581. and cost him 7000. Markes sterling This Iewel Master Horsey kept sometimes before the Emperour had it His Scepter globe was carried before him by the Prince Boris Pheodorowich his rich cap beset with rich stones and pearles was carried before him by a Duke his sixe Crownes also were carried by Demetrius Iuanowich Godonoua the Emperours vnckle Mekita Romanowich thâ— Emperors vnckle Stephen Vasiliwich Gregorie Vasiliwich Iuan Vasiliwich brothers of the bloud royall Thus at last the Emperour came to the great Churchdoore and the people cried God saue our Emperour Pheodor Iuanowich of all Russia His Horse was there ready most richly adorned with a couering of imbrodered pearle and precious stones saddle and all furniture agreeable to it reported to be worth 300000. markes sterling There was a bridge made of a hundred fiftie fadomes in length three manner of waies three foot aboue ground and two fadome broad for him to goe from one Church to the other with his Princes and nobles from the presse of the people which were in number infinite and some at that time pressed to death with the throng As the Emperor returned out of the Churches they were spred vnder foot with cloth of Gold the porches of the Churches with red Veluet the Bridges with Scarlet stammelled cloth from one Church to another and as soone as the Emperor was passed by the cloth of gold veluet and scarlet was cut taken of those that could come by it euery man desirous to haue a piece to reserue it for a monument siluer and gold coine then minted of purpose was cast among the people in great quantitie The Lord Boris Pheodorowich was sumptuously and richly attired with his garments decked with great orient pearle beset with all sorts of precious stones In like rich manner were apparelled all the family of the Godonouaes in their degrees with the rest of the Princes and nobilitie whereof one named Knez Iuan Michalowich Glynsky whose roabe horse and furniture was in register found worth one hundred thousand markes sterling being of great antiquitie The Embresse being in her Pallace was placed in her chaire of Maiesty also before a great open window most precious and rich were her robes and shining to behold with rich stones and orient Pearles beset her crowne was placed vpon her head accompanied with her Princesses and Ladies of estate then cried out the people God preserue our noble Empresse Irenia After all this the Emperour came into the Parliament house which was richly decked there he was placed in his royall seat adorned as before his sixe crownes were set before him vpon a Table the Bason and Ewre royall of gold held by his knight of gard with his men standing two on each side in white apparell of cloth of siluer called Kindry with scepters and battle-axes of gold in their hands the Princes and nobility were all placed according to their degrees all in their rich roabes The Emperour after a short Oration permitted euery man in order to kisse his hand which being done he remoued to a princely seate prepared for him at the table where he was serued by his Nobles in very princely order The three out roomes being very great and large were beset with plate of gold and siluer round from the ground vp to the vauts one vpon the other among which plate were many barrels of siluer and gold this solemnitie and triumph lasted a whole weeke wherein many royall pastimes were shewed and vsed after which the chiefest men of the Nobilitie were elected to their places of office and dignitie as the Prince Boris Pheodorowich was made chiefe Counsellour to the Emperour Master of the Horse had the charge of his person Lieutenant of the Empire and warlike engins Gouernor or Lieutenant of the Empire of Cazan and Astracan and others to this dignitie were by Parliament and gift of the Emperour giuen him many reuenewes and rich lands as there was giuen him and his for euer to inherite a Prouince called Vaga of three hundred English miles in length and two hundred and fiftie in bredth with many Townes and great Villages populous and wealthy his yearely Reuenew out of that Prouince is fiue and thirtie thousand Markes sterling being not the fifth part of his yeare Reuenue Further he and his house be of such authoritie and power that in forty dayes warning they are able to bring into the field a hundred thousand Souldiours well furnished The conclusion of the Emperours Coronation was a peale of Ordnance called a Peale royall two miles without the Citie being a hundred and seuenty great pieces of brasse of all sorts as faire as any can be made these pieces were all discharged with shot against bulwarkes made of purpose twentie thousand hargubusers standing in eight ranks two miles in length apparelled all in veluet coloured silke and stammels discharged their shot also twise ouer in good order and so the Emperour accompanied with all his Princes and Nobles at the least fiftie thousand horse departed through the Citie to his palace This royall coronation would aske much time and many leaues of paper to be described particularly as it was performed it shall suffice to vnderstand that the like magnificence was neuer seene in Russia The Coronation and other triumphs ended all the Nobilitie officers and Merchants according to an accustomed order euery one in his place and degree brought rich presents vnto the Emperour wishing him long life and ioy in his kingdome The same time also Master Ierom Horsey aforesaid remaining as seruant in Russia for the Queens most excellent Maiestie was called for to the Emperour