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book_n scripture_n sense_n word_n 3,390 5 4.5906 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A92933 A Serious answer to a late book stiled, A reply to Mr. Robert Steed's epistle concerning singing wherein the chief scriptures and arguments are examined, and the weakness thereof shewed : together with an answer to the several reflections, and false charges, against both churches and persons, recommended to the elders, ministers, and members of baptized churches. Kiffin, William, 1616-1701.; Steed, Robert, of Dartmouth.; Barrett, George.; E. M. (Edward Man) 1692 (1692) Wing S2607; ESTC R42860 36,728 64

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reflection_n we_o shall_v endeavour_v as_o the_o lord_n shall_v enable_v we_o to_o manifest_v the_o weakness_n of_o the_o main_a pillar_n of_o their_o assertion_n concern_v the_o sing_v before_o mention_v for_o we_o shall_v not_o spend_v our_o time_n to_o answer_v every_o particular_a in_o that_o treatise_n the_o weakness_n whereof_o be_v most_o evident_a to_o any_o that_o will_v but_o take_v any_o serious_a notice_n of_o it_o it_o will_v be_v very_o tiresome_a and_o altogether_o needless_a first_o then_o we_o shall_v inquire_v whether_o sing_v to_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n according_a to_o the_o expression_n of_o it_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v to_o be_v restrain_v or_o be_v only_o mean_v of_o declare_v those_o praise_n by_o a_o musical_a melodious_a tuneable_a voice_n to_o which_o we_o answer_v that_o sing_v or_o utter_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n be_v convertible_a term_n according_a to_o the_o language_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o for_o instance_n cant._n 2.12_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sing_n of_o bird_n be_v come_v etc._n etc._n that_o as_o able_a interpreter_n tell_v we_o be_v mean_v that_o a_o rejoice_v or_o praising-time_n be_v come_v deut._n 32.44_o and_o moses_n speak_v all_o the_o word_n of_o that_o song_n unto_o the_o people_n and_o in_o v._o 43._o it_o be_v say_v rejoice_v o_o you_o nation_n with_o his_o people_n which_o be_v elsewhere_o call_v sing_v and_o sometime_o shout_v doubtless_o there_o be_v never_o a_o great_a song_n of_o praise_n utter_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o christ_n than_o that_o luk._n 19.37_o 38._o when_o the_o disciple_n rejoice_v and_o praise_v god_n for_o all_o the_o mighty_a work_n which_o they_o have_v see_v say_v not_o sing_v bless_a be_v he_o that_o come_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n peace_n in_o heaven_n and_o glory_n in_o the_o high_a that_o music_n utter_v by_o they_o with_o their_o voice_n make_v more_o melody_n than_o any_o compose_a song_n that_o can_v be_v sing_v in_o metre_n and_o as_o mr._n caryl_n tell_v we_o upon_o that_o scripture_n it_o be_v music_n the_o pharisee_n do_v not_o like_a but_o will_v have_v they_o rebuke_v for_o so_o do_v obj._n it_o be_v indeed_o frequent_o and_o earnest_o plead_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o book_n that_o sing_v or_o song_n bear_v that_o acceptation_n of_o a_o musical_a melody_n with_o the_o voice_n among_o all_o mankind_n answ_n to_o which_o we_o answer_v that_o if_o it_o have_v please_v the_o spirit_n of_o the_o lord_n in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o make_v use_n of_o those_o word_n in_o another_o sense_n what_o have_v we_o to_o say_v to_o it_o or_o dare_v any_o that_o be_v true_o pious_a to_o contradict_v it_o that_o sing_v be_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o new_a use_v in_o a_o metaphorical_a sense_n be_v apparent_a as_o where_o sing_v to_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n be_v ascribe_v to_o inanimate_a creature_n as_o well_o as_o to_o other_o see_v psal_n 65.13_o isa_n 49.13_o jer._n 12._o so_o job_n 38.7_o if_o we_o take_v the_o morning-star_n for_o the_o angel_n as_o some_o do_v they_o need_v not_o the_o faculty_n of_o speech_n or_o as_o other_o take_v the_o word_n for_o the_o whole_a creation_n in_o their_o respective_a kind_n than_o the_o word_n sing_n must_v be_v take_v figurative_o even_o for_o their_o praise_v their_o great_a creator_n by_o way_n suitable_a to_o their_o several_a nature_n however_o a_o supposition_n to_o the_o contrary_n will_v be_v high_o ridiculous_a so_o in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n as_o for_o instance_n 1_o cor._n 14.15_o where_o it_o appear_v that_o sing_v and_o give_v of_o thanks_o be_v convertible_a term_n but_o especial_o we_o desire_v it_o may_v be_v consider_v serious_o what_o may_v be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o mind_n of_o god_n in_o that_o scripture_n heb._n 2.12_o i_o will_v declare_v thy_o name_n unto_o my_o brethren_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o congregation_n will_v i_o sing_v praise_n to_o thou_o this_o text_n be_v a_o prophecy_n of_o christ_n our_o saviour_n quote_v from_o psal_n 22.22_o for_o the_o open_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v repeat_v the_o exposition_n that_o the_o excellent_a person_n dr._n owen_n give_v of_o it_o as_o follow_v first_o what_o christ_n will_v moreover_o do_v he_o will_v sing_v praise_n unto_o god_n and_o second_o where_o he_o will_v do_v it_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o congregation_n the_o expression_n of_o both_o these_o be_v accommodate_v to_o the_o declaration_n of_o god_n name_n and_o and_o praise_v of_o he_o in_o the_o temple_n the_o sing_n of_o hymn_n of_o praise_n unto_o god_n in_o the_o great_a congregation_n be_v then_o a_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o in_o the_o first_o expression_n two_o thing_n be_v observable_a 1._o what_o christ_n undertake_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o praise_v god_n now_o this_o be_v only_o exegetical_a of_o what_o go_v before_o he_o will_v praise_v god_n by_o declare_v his_o name_n there_o be_v no_o way_n whereby_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n may_v be_v celebrate_v like_o that_o of_o declare_v his_o grace_n goodness_n and_o love_n unto_o man_n etc._n etc._n 2._o the_o cheerfulness_n and_o alacrity_n of_o the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n in_o this_o work_n he_o will_v do_v it_o as_o with_o joy_n and_o singing_n with_o such_o a_o frame_n of_o heart_n as_o be_v require_v in_o they_o who_o be_v to_o sing_v the_o praise_n of_o god_n in_o the_o great_a assembly_n in_o the_o temple_n 3._o where_o will_v he_o do_v this_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o congregation_n the_o great_a congregation_n as_o he_o call_v it_o v._o 25._o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o great_a assembly_n of_o the_o people_n in_o the_o temple_n and_o this_o be_v a_o type_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n of_o the_o elect_a under_o the_o new_a testament_n the_o lord_n christ_n in_o his_o own_o person_n by_o his_o spirit_n in_o his_o apostle_n and_o his_o word_n by_o all_o his_o messenger_n unto_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n set_v forth_o the_o love_n grace_n goodness_n and_o mercy_n of_o god_n in_o he_o the_o mediator_n set_v forth_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o congregation_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o whereas_o sing_v of_o hymn_n unto_o god_n be_v a_o especial_a part_n of_o the_o institute_v worship_n under_o the_o old_a testament_n to_o who_o use_v these_o expression_n be_v accommodate_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o lord_n christ_n have_v eminent_o set_v forth_o this_o praise_n of_o god_n in_o his_o institution_n of_o worship_n under_o the_o new_a testament_n wherein_o god_n will_v ever_o be_v glorify_v and_o praise_v this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o lord_n christ_n engage_v to_o do_v upon_o the_o issue_n of_o his_o suffering_n and_o we_o may_v propose_v it_o unto_o our_o example_n and_o instruction_n thus_o dr._n owen_n on_o that_o text_n pag._n 256._o and_o again_o on_o the_o same_o text_n pag._n 258._o moreover_o the_o lord_n christ_n by_o declare_v that_o he_o will_v set_v forth_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n in_o the_o church_n manifest_v what_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o church_n itself_o namely_o to_o praise_n god_n for_o the_o work_n of_o his_o love_n and_o grace_n in_o our_o redemption_n by_o christ_n jesus_n this_o he_o promise_v to_o go_v before_o they_o in_o and_o what_o he_o lead_v they_o unto_o be_v by_o they_o to_o be_v persist_v in_o this_o be_v indeed_o the_o very_a end_n of_o gather_v the_o church_n and_o of_o all_o the_o duty_n that_o be_v perform_v therein_o and_o thereby_o the_o church_n be_v call_v unto_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n eph._n 1.6_o that_o it_o may_v be_v set_v forth_o in_o they_o and_o by_o they_o this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o the_o institution_n of_o all_o ordinance_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o church_n eph._n 3.8_o 9_o 10._o and_o in_o they_o they_o set_v forth_o the_o praise_n of_o god_n unto_o man_n and_o angel_n this_o be_v the_o tendency_n of_o prayer_n the_o work_n of_o faith_n and_o the_o fruit_n of_o obedience_n it_o be_v a_o fond_a imagination_n which_o some_o have_v fall_v upon_o that_o god_n be_v not_o praise_v in_o the_o church_n for_o the_o work_n of_o redemption_n unless_o it_o be_v do_v by_o word_n and_o hymn_n particular_o express_v it_o all_o pray_v all_o preach_a all_o administration_n of_o ordinance_n all_o our_o faith_n all_o our_o obedience_n if_o order_v aright_o be_v nothing_o but_o give_v glory_n to_o god_n for_o his_o love_n and_o grace_n in_o christ_n jesus_n in_o a_o due_a and_o acceptable_a manner_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o our_o design_n in_o all_o our_o worship_n of_o god_n especial_o in_o what_o we_o perform_v in_o the_o church_n to_o set_v forth_o his_o praise_n to_o
church_n so_o we_o do_v as_o bold_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n declare_v that_o the_o way_n of_o common_a sing_v which_o they_o contend_v for_o be_v after_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o world_n after_o the_o tradition_n of_o man_n but_o not_o after_o christ_n it_o be_v their_o lawless_a liberty_n they_o take_v thus_o to_o accuse_v and_o represent_v we_o without_o cause_n in_o this_o epistle_n and_o the_o like_a that_o have_v necessitate_v we_o for_o truth_n be_v sake_n that_o 〈◊〉_d may_v not_o suffer_v by_o such_o false_a report_n to_o declare_v ●uch_o thing_n concern_v some_o of_o they_o which_o otherwise_o we_o shall_v have_v bury_v in_o oblivion_n but_o it_o be_v not_o enough_o it_o seem_v that_o we_o shall_v be_v thus_o scandalous_o represent_v by_o mr._n wh._n in_o the_o epistle_n that_o do_v not_o give_v a_o sufficient_a vent_n to_o their_o indignation_n when_o we_o look_v into_o the_o book_n where_o we_o may_v expect_v nothing_o but_o answer_n to_o his_o argument_n 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church_n in_o their_o first_o beginning_n here_o in_o england_n they_o must_v needs_o be_v the_o gross_a fort_n of_o hypocrite_n in_o profess_v the_o contrary_a by_o their_o profession_n of_o faith_n and_o yet_o believe_v and_o practise_v quite_o otherwise_o to_o what_o they_o solemn_o profess_v as_o their_o faith_n in_o that_o matter_n and_o we_o believe_v they_o can_v give_v one_o true_a instance_n that_o any_o church_n of_o the_o baptist_n that_o be_v sound_a in_o the_o faith_n ever_o do_v in_o the_o least_o conclude_v or_o declare_v against_o a_o competent_a maintenance_n for_o a_o gospel-ministry_n as_o a_o humane_a invention_n or_o anti-christian_n since_o those_o time_n to_o conclude_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n concern_v their_o unworthy_a reflection_n and_o false_a accusation_n though_o we_o may_v instance_n in_o mo●●_n 〈◊〉_d one_o sort_n or_o other_o in_o that_o book_n we_o must_v declare_v that_o we_o do_v wonder_n that_o any_o person_n profess_v piety_n will_v commend_v that_o book_n as_o a_o sober_a discourse_n ●●●●out_v any_o limitation_n or_o exception_n against_o 〈◊〉_d gross_a and_o fulsome_a slander_n which_o with_o so_o much_o confidence_n be_v deliver_v whatever_o their_o judgement_n be_v concern_v the_o controversy_n about_o sing_v moreover_o we_o hope_v the_o baptise_a church_n their_o elder_n minister_n and_o member_n do_v hereby_o at_o least_o see_v great_a cause_n to_o suspect_v and_o to_o be_v very_o cautious_a in_o believe_v that_o spirit_n that_o will_v persuade_v they_o to_o the_o way_n of_o common_a or_o popular_a sing_v which_o will_v make_v way_n for_o its_o entertainment_n by_o such_o notorious_a falsehood_n and_o abominable_a slander_n which_o be_v certain_o devise_v by_o the_o father_n of_o lie_n thereby_o to_o offend_v or_o stumble_v the_o weak_a though_o otherwise_o honest_a and_o well-meaning_a have_v now_o answer_v to_o some_o of_o their_o unrighteous_a and_o scandalous_a
scripture_n because_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o entertain_v it_o obj._n but_o they_o again_o cavil_o object_v can_v this_o be_v prove_v by_o any_o other_o place_n of_o scripture_n if_o not_o say_v they_o it_o must_v be_v reject_v answ_n to_o which_o we_o reply_v that_o the_o lord_n be_v here_o please_v to_o give_v a_o most_o plain_a direction_n how_o a_o psalm_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v forth_o or_o sing_v in_o a_o gospel-church_n not_o by_o a_o compose_a form_n but_o by_o special_a gift_n and_o not_o by_o the_o whole_a assembly_n lift_v up_o their_o voice_n in_o consort_n but_o by_o one_o who_o have_v receive_v such_o a_o gift_n and_o this_o be_v so_o evident_o declare_v shall_v we_o not_o rest_v satisfy_v with_o it_o shall_v we_o question_v the_o truth_n of_o a_o divine_a oracle_n because_o but_o once_o mention_v though_o it_o be_v never_o so_o plain_o deliver_v our_o lord_n jesus_n be_v but_o once_o call_v a_o surety_n shall_v we_o therefore_o question_v or_o deny_v the_o truth_n of_o it_o as_o the_o socinian_o do_v heb._n 7.22_o sure_o on_o this_o ground_n the_o hebrew_n may_v have_v reject_v the_o apostle_n proof_n of_o the_o be_v and_o excellency_n of_o the_o priestly_a office_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o saviour_n that_o he_o be_v a_o highpriest_n after_o the_o order_n of_o melchizedeck_v because_o it_o be_v but_o once_o mention_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n psal_n 110.4_o thus_o have_v we_o hope_v evident_o prove_v that_o the_o musical_a tuneable_a sing_v of_o a_o compose_a form_n by_o a_o whole_a assembly_n with_o voice_n in_o consort_n be_v no_o ordinance_n of_o our_o lord_n jesus_n we_o shall_v now_o examine_v the_o scripture_n they_o earnest_o urge_v to_o justify_v their_o practice_n q._n 3._o whether_o those_o scripture_n eph._n 5.19_o ●ol_n 3.16_o do_v command_n or_o justify_v that_o kind_n of_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n which_o they_o plead_v for_o in_o answer_n to_o this_o enquiry_n it_o be_v that_o on_o which_o mr._n keach_n and_o mr._n whinnel_n do_v bottom_n their_o assertion_n for_o the_o introduce_v the_o common_a and_o popular_a way_n of_o sing_v into_o the_o baptise_a church_n we_o shall_v first_o premise_v some_o consideration_n which_o we_o desire_v may_v be_v serious_o ponder_v first_o that_o those_o scripture_n suppose_v they_o intend_v a_o direction_n for_o public_a worship_n in_o the_o church_n which_o we_o do_v not_o grant_v on_o the_o reason_n hereafter_o to_o be_v mention_v do_v plain_o testify_v against_o the_o admit_v of_o the_o profane_a the_o ignorant_a and_o the_o unconvert_v to_o sing_v in_o the_o solemn_a assembly_n of_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v sing_v for_o the_o teach_v and_o admonition_n of_o other_o do_v the_o lord_n jesus_n ever_o appoint_v the_o ignorant_a profane_a or_o unbeliever_n to_o be_v teacher_n in_o or_o admonisher_n of_o his_o church_n according_a to_o his_o new-testament-dispensation_n can_v there_o be_v the_o least_o shadow_n of_o proof_n produce_v for_o it_o certain_o as_o it_o be_v then_o tell_v they_o in_o that_o epistle_n of_o mr._n steed_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o answer_v that_o he_o never_o appoint_v any_o to_o administer_v teach_v and_o admonition_n to_o his_o church_n but_o such_o as_o be_v orderly_o add_v to_o it_o and_o be_v qualify_v by_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o holy_a spirit_n be_v solemn_o allow_v or_o orderly_o call_v to_o such_o a_o holy_a exercise_n this_o be_v such_o a_o truth_n which_o they_o can_v not_o nor_o do_v they_o dare_v direct_o to_o gainsay_v how_o gross_o do_v they_o endeavour_v to_o evade_v it_o by_o say_v that_o they_o be_v allow_v to_o worship_n god_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v to_o attend_v on_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n in_o the_o church_n now_o we_o appeal_v to_o their_o own_o conscience_n whether_o there_o be_v not_o a_o great_a difference_n between_o be_v at_o or_o attend_v on_o it_o as_o they_o that_o do_v worship_n god_n and_o administer_a teach_v and_o admonition_n to_o the_o church_n which_o if_o the_o sing_n of_o the_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n etc._n etc._n here_o mention_v be_v for_o that_o end_n and_o use_v as_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o these_o scripture_n they_o be_v then_o such_o person_n be_v plain_o exclude_v from_o any_o such_o solemn_a exercise_n in_o the_o church_n if_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o be_v for_o a_o direction_n for_o the_o public_a worship_n of_o god_n in_o the_o church_n as_o they_o will_v insinuate_v moreover_o that_o it_o plain_o exclude_v such_o from_o that_o kind_n of_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n be_v most_o evident_a inasmuch_o as_o it_o be_v express_o declare_v that_o the_o sing_v there_o speak_v of_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v forth_o from_o the_o word_n dwell_v rich_o in_o they_o col._n 3.16_o and_o from_o be_v fill_v with_o the_o spirit_n eph._n 5.19_o now_o be_v unbeliever_n etc._n etc._n capable_a of_o be_v so_o qualify_v in_o any_o degree_n indeed_o in_o their_o way_n of_o sing_v by_o a_o compose_a form_n there_o need_v no_o more_o than_o the_o read_n or_o hear_v a_o psalm_n or_o song_n read_v to_o they_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sufficient_o furnish_v for_o it_o be_v they_o never_o so_o ignorant_a profane_a or_o unbelieving_a in_o answer_n to_o which_o they_o say_v they_o detest_v such_o a_o sing_v but_o why_o then_o do_v they_o plead_v for_o the_o sing_v of_o such_o before_o mention_v who_o can_v sing_v no_o otherwise_o but_o in_o a_o carnal_a formal_a manner_n can_v they_o in_o truth_n say_v they_o detest_v that_o they_o allow_v and_o open_o practice_v and_o vehement_o contend_v for_o second_o these_o scripture_n if_o they_o be_v as_o they_o say_v to_o direct_v the_o church_n in_o its_o public_a worship_n do_v also_o plain_o exclude_v the_o woman_n from_o sing_v in_o the_o church_n they_o be_v express_o forbid_v to_o teach_v or_o admonish_v in_o the_o church_n but_o be_v command_v to_o be_v in_o silence_n without_o any_o exception_n that_o they_o may_v teach_v by_o sing_v but_o not_o by_o a_o ordinary_a speak_v as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v three_o in_o like_a manner_n if_o it_o be_v mean_v as_o aforesaid_a those_o psalm_n and_o hymn_n etc._n etc._n there_o mention_v be_v not_o intend_v to_o direct_v the_o church_n to_o sing_v david_n psalm_n or_o any_o other_o psalm_n record_v in_o the_o scripture_n for_o then_o certain_o our_o lord_n jesus_n will_v have_v cause_v they_o to_o have_v be_v translate_v into_o greek_a verse_n or_o meeter_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n in_o those_o time_n and_o as_o a_o pattern_n for_o time_n to_o come_v but_o none_o ever_o do_v or_o can_v assert_v any_o such_o thing_n neither_o be_v that_o say_v of_o they_o of_o any_o weight_n whereby_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o prove_v that_o because_o the_o word_n psalm_n etc._n etc._n be_v there_o mention_v that_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v mean_v of_o those_o call_v the_o psalm_n of_o david_n etc._n etc._n because_o say_v they_o god_n have_v give_v we_o a_o psalm-book_n but_o not_o a_o prayer-book_n a_o expression_n which_o they_o have_v borrow_v from_o other_o in_o the_o scripture_n for_o in_o that_o sacred_a book_n there_o be_v abundance_n of_o the_o prayer_n of_o holy_a man_n record_v as_o well_o as_o their_o song_n and_o especial_o that_o our_o lord_n jesus_n have_v leave_v as_o a_o platform_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o form_n of_o prayer_n usual_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o lord_n prayer_n therefore_o if_o we_o may_v take_v their_o song_n and_o read_v and_o sing_v they_o in_o the_o church_n why_o may_v we_o not_o also_o take_v those_o prayer_n at_o least_o such_o as_o we_o may_v think_v most_o suitable_a to_o our_o present_a occasion_n and_o read_v they_o there_o for_o our_o prayer_n in_o the_o church_n let_v they_o show_v if_o they_o can_v why_o there_o be_v not_o as_o much_o reason_n for_o the_o one_o as_o for_o the_o other_o moreover_o the_o book_n of_o psalm_n as_o they_o be_v sing_v in_o the_o old-testament-time_n for_o which_o season_n they_o be_v ordain_v be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o temple-worship_n now_o if_o that_o be_v our_o rule_n for_o musical_a sing_n of_o they_o now_o as_o it_o must_v be_v if_o they_o be_v those_o psalm_n that_o be_v here_o command_v to_o be_v sing_v musical_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o new-testament-church_n public_a worship_n than_o it_o must_v be_v our_o rule_n in_o all_o part_n which_o must_v be_v necessary_o include_v in_o this_o counsel_n if_o the_o mean_v of_o it_o be_v as_o they_o affirm_v and_o so_o there_o must_v be_v instrument_n of_o music_n with_o singer_n or_o chorister_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o it_o except_o they_o can_v prove_v that_o one_o part_n be_v abolish_v and_o the_o other_o remain_v for_o what_o god_n have_v join_v