Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	sage_n	several_a	spot_v	12	3	17.6699	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09011	Theatrum botanicum: = The theater of plants. Or, An herball of a large extent containing therein a more ample and exact history and declaration of the physicall herbs and plants that are in other authours, encreased by the accesse of many hundreds of new, rare, and strange plants from all the parts of the world, with sundry gummes, and other physicall materials, than hath beene hitherto published by any before; and a most large demonstration of their natures and vertues. Shevving vvithall the many errors, differences, and oversights of sundry authors that have formerly written of them; and a certaine confidence, or most probable conjecture of the true and genuine herbes and plants. Distributed into sundry classes or tribes, for the more easie knowledge of the many herbes of one nature and property, with the chiefe notes of Dr. Lobel, Dr. Bonham, and others inserted therein. Collected by the many yeares travaile, industry, and experience in this subject, by Iohn Parkinson apothecary of London, and the Kings herbarist. And published by the Kings Majestyes especial	Parkinson, John, 1567-1650.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1640 (1640)	STC 19302; ESTC S121875	2,484,689	1,753

1686 Yellow Rattle and red Rattle 713. The Indians Ratling god 1666 Redweede or wilde Poppy 365. Red weede of Virginia 347 Reedes and the divers sorts 1208. Indian Red staves 1029 The Burre Reede 1205. The Aromaticall or sweete Reede 138 Strange Reedes 1630. Sugar Reede 1209. Painted or striped Reede 1209 Thorny Reede of Peru. Great or tree Reede 1630 W●iting Reedes 1210. Paper Reede 1208 The winged thorny Reede 1629 Reede Mace 1203. Ray or Darnell 1045 Rest harrow 993. Rhaponticke 155 Ribwort Plantane 495. Wake Robin 372 Rocket tame and wilde the sorts 816 Sea Rocket 820. Water Rocket 1242 Winter Rocket 819. Italian Rocket 823. Base wilde Rocket 822 Shepherds Rodde is wilde Tansie Rogation flowers 1333. Rosa rubie is red Maithes Roses and the severall sorts 1017 The appellations of the Ancients compared with the moderne knowne Roses 1019. Wilde Roses and their sorts 1016 The sundry Compositions made of Roses 1021.1022 Rose Bay or Oleander 1460. Apple Rose the greater and lesser 1020 Dwarfe Rose Bay 78. Corne Rose or Poppy 365 Cotton Rose 692. Holly Rose or Sage Rose and the sorts 858 Rose Elder or gelder Rose 208. The sweete Mountaine Rose 77 Rose Willow 1431. Rosasolis 1052 Rosewort or Roseroote 729 Rose Champion 629. Beyond sea Roses or Winter Roses be Hollihocks 300 Water Rose is the white Water Lilly 1251 Rosemary of divers sorts 75 White Rot. 534. Red Rot. ibid. 1053 Rossins of divers kinds 1542. West Indian Rossins 1670 Rubarbe the true as it groweth with us 154 Bastard Rubarbe or Monkes Rubarbe ibid. English Rubarbe 158. White Rubarbe of America 180 Monckes Rubarbe or Patience 154 West Indian Rubarbe 1618. English bastard Rubarbe is Thalictrum 263 Ruddes he Marigolds Medow Rue 263 Garden Rue Mountaine Rue and wilde Rue 132 Goates Rue 417. Wall Rue 1050 Rupture wort 448. Indian Rupture wort 1616 Rushes and their sorts 1191 The sweet Rush 144. Rush nut 146. Rush grasses 1188 Ryce 1135. Germane Ryce 1134 Rye and the sorts 1128. Rye grasse 1146 S. SPanish Saffron or wilde Saffron 259 Wilde bastard Saffron 964 Sage and the severall sorts 49. c. French Sage 53. Wood Sage 110 Sage of Ierusalem or Cowslips of Ierusalem in my former booke Sage of vertue or small eared Sage 49 Saligot or Water Caltrops or Nuts 1247 Salomons seale amd the severall sorts 694 Saltwort or Kali and the sorts 279. and 1284 Sallow or broade leafed Wi●low 1431 Sampier and the sorts 1286 Sandiver 280. Sanicle and the sorts 532 Spotted Sanicle 534. Sarsa parilla 173 Sarasens Confound 539 Sarasens Birthwort is the ordinary 292 Sassafras or the Ague tree 1606 The White Sattinflower 1366 The true Satyrium of Dioscorides is the Tulipa 1341 Common Satyrium is the handed Orchis 1343 Sauce alone or Iacke of the hedge 112 Summer and Winter Savoury 5.6 Savine and the sorts 1026 Sanders white red and yellow 1605 Bastard Sanders of Candy 1606 Sommer and Winter Savory c. 5.6.1673 White Saxifrage 423. English Saxifrage 968 Burnet Saxifrage 9●6 Golden Saxifrage 425 Rocke Saxifrage 424 Matthiolus his true Saxifrage 426 Saxifrage of Candy Bavaria and Naples 428 Scabious of severall sorts 484 Scabwort is Elecompane 655 Long rooted Scamony of Candy 1677 True Scamony 163. Bastard Scamony 166 Scarlet Oake 1395. The Scarlet graine 1396 Scarre wort 855. Sciatica Cresses 853 Close Sciences 628 Single and double Sciney ibid. Scordium or Water Germander 110 Thorny sweete Scordium 1676 Scorpions grasse 1117. Scorpions thorne 1003 Scurvie grasse and the sorts 285 Scottish Scurvy grasse is Soldanella 168 The Scythian Lambe 1618 Sea bulbe 1288. Sea Colewort 270 Sea Holme or Hulver 989. The Sea Feather 1296 Sea Fearne 197. The Sea prickly plant 1034 Sea Sempervivum is Aloe the herbe 1140 Sebesten or the Assyrian Plume 151 Selfe heale and the sorts 526.1680 The Sena tree or bush 225. Bastard Sena 226 Sengreene is great Houseleeke 730 Water Sengreene or water Houseleeke 1249 The Sensitive plant 1617 Senvy or Mustard 830. Serpents or Adders tongue 506 The Service tree and the sorts 1420 Indian Services 1638 Sesamum or the oily graine 254 Seseli or Hartwort 903. Divers sorts of seseli ibid. c. The true Setwall or Zedoaria 1612 Garden Setwall is the Garden Valerian 124 Mountaine Setwall or Nardus Celtica 116 Setterwort is the greater wild blacke Helloborre 218 Sharewore is the Starre wort or Aster Italorum 131 Shavegrasse is Horsetaile 1200 Shepheards needle 916. Shepheards purse 866 Shepherds staffe 985 The sweete Indian Sea fish shells 1573 Sheregrasse is Reedegrasse 1180 The Shrincking shrubbe 1618 The true Sicamore tree 1492. The false Sicamore or great Maple tree 1425 Silken Cicely 389. Sicklewort is Bugle and selfe heale The silver bush 1459. The silver Thistle is the white Cotten Thistle 979 Silverweede is wilde Tansie 593 Sinkefoild or Sinkefoile is five leafed grasse Skirrat or Skirwort 945. Ladyes Slipper 217 The sloe bush or blacke Thorne 1033 Smallage 926. Garden Smilax is French beaxes 1056 Snaile Claver and the sorts 1116 Garden Snakeweede is Bistort 391 Rattle Snakeweede or Snakeroote 420 Snakes or Vipers Buglosse 413. Snakewood of divers sorts 1665 Snakes Garlike or Crow Garlike 870 Snapdragon and the sorts 1333. Sneesewort 479 Souldiers yarrow 695. Mountaine Soldanella 167 Sopewort and the sorts 1384. The water Souldier 1249 The Sorbe or Service tree 1420 Sorrell and the sorts 742. Wood Sorrell or Sorrell dubois 747. The Sorrowfull tree 1644 Sharpe Sowthistles and the sorts 803 Soft or gentle Sowthistles and the sorts thereof 804 Sow bread and the sorts 1364. Sow Fennell Southernewood and the sorts 92.93 Sparrowes tongue is Knotgrasse The Kings speare 1218. Spearewort Crowfoote 1214 The male Speedewell or Paules Betony 549 The fem●ll Speedewell 553. Speltcorne 1124 Spetgrasse 1143. Sperhawke is Hawkeweede Sperage or Asparagus 454. Sperage beane is Kidneybeane Spermacity 1607 Spicknell or Spignell is Meum 888. Bastard Spignell 884 Indian Spiderwort 418. Water spike is Pondweede The true Indian Spicknard 1595. Bastard French Spicknard 145 Mountaine French Spicknard 116. Italian Spicknarde ibid. Knobbed mountaine Spicknard ibid. Vnsavory Spicknard ibid. Long tuberous rooted spicknard 1●8 Virginia Spikenard 1595. Sinage 750 Spindell tree or Prickwood 241. Rough Spleenewort 1042 Smooth Splenewort or Miltwaste 1045 The Spene tree of Sumatra 1647. Bastard Splenwort 1043 Sea Sponges 1303. Sponewort is Scurvigrasse 285 Great Spurge is Palma Christi 182 Spurge and the severall sorts thereof from 184. to 196 Spurge Olive and Spurge Flaxe is Chymelea 200 Flowring Spurge or Dwarfe Bay is Mesereon 201 Spurge Lawrell 205. Square berried tree is Dogwood 242 Squinaut 144. Stabbewort is Southernwood 95 The staffe tree 1448. Stagerwort is Ragwort 670. Stabwort 7473. Starch wort is Arum 372. Starrewort is Aster from 138. to 133 Starrewort of Virginia 1676 Starre of Bethlem and starre of Ierusalem 413 Starre Thistle 988. Stavesacre 222 Stechus or Cassidony 69. Stichwort 1325 Golden Staechas ibid. Stocke Gilloflowers vide Gilloflowers Stone Liverwort vide

Clusius maketh mention that he received the figure thereof set forth to the life in colours from Iacobus Plateau as it grew with him The seventh Bauhinus saith he first saw in an Apothecaries Garden in Bassil and afterwards in the Duke of Wittenbergs Garden at Mont Belgard but from whence it was brought to them he doth not declare The eighth Bauhinus saith he received from Doctor Neudorfferus and saith no more The ninth hee saith likewise hee had from an Apothecarie at Smalcald the two next throughout Spaine and Portugal plentifully and the eleventh about Mompelier also the last grew in Candy All these sorts will grow by the slippes taken from them and planted in March or Aprill The Time Most of these sorts of Sage doe flower in Iuly or about the time of the ordinary Sage yet some of them flower not untill August All of them also doe beare seed but the small ordinary Pigge Sage or Sage of vertue which although I doe acknowledge to give seed in some places and in some yeares yet most commonly and with many it doth not nor the smeet small Spanish kinde The Names Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The pale ash-coloured dry and withered deformity of the leaves of Sage especially on the dry and burnt hills in the hot Countries where it groweth naturall was the cause to give it that name as if you should call it scorched or consumed by blasting for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth signifie intorquere and contrahere to bee drawne together or wound within it selfe and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or rather 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 doth signifie that disease in plants which the Latines call sideratio a blasting that is when the hearbe or tree by the extreame heate of the Sunne in the Dog-dayes or otherwise piersing into it and drying up the moisture that nourished it seemeth to grow faint and dry or as it were scorched It might saith Pena be fitly so named from the helpe this hearbe giveth to those parts of a mans body that seeme to be as it were dead by some blasting in restoring the naturall heat and vigour to the part in which quality it excelleth giving a friendly and beneficiall comfort to the vitall spirits and therefore the Latines called it Salvia quia salvos homines incolumes efficiat because it maketh men safe and sound in health And the Latine versifyer from hence tooke his occasion to say Cur moritur homo cum Salvia crescit in horto And Sage in English from the property in comforting and strengthening the head and memory to make men sage or wise of the French word Sauge or from the Latine Salvia to say safe and altered into Sage Pliny in his 21. Booke 16. chap. hath foulely erred in mistaking the Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and translating it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which is Lens for he there saith that Elilisphacos with the Greekes is phacos with others The one is more gentle than the manured lentell with a lesser dryer and sweeter leafe and the other kinde that is wilde is of a more grievous scent c. too much here to recite and set downe and to little purpose The first is generally called Salvia major latifolia by almost all Authors the second Clusius saith he first saw in Austria and Bauhinus that he had it first from England and called it Salvia latifolia serrata the third is called Salvia pomifera baccifera or baccata Cretica or Cretensis to shew the kinde Lobel calleth it Coccifera Matthiolus Salvia fructum instar gallae ferens and Anguilara Salvia Graeca which he saith they usully call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phlascomelea the fourth is called Salvia nobilis by Gesner minor by Matthiolus and divers others angustifolia and tenuifolia by some others aurita also or auriculata or pinnata by others the fift Camerarius calleth Salvia Hispanica odoratissima but Bauhinus Salvia folio tenuiore the old Gerard calleth it Salvia Indica but his Correcter confoundeth it with the seventh following as you shall heare the sixt Clusius setteth forth with this title Salvia Cretica angustifolia and Bauhinus Salvia angustifolia serrata the seventh Bauhinus onely hath remembred unto us by the name of Salvia minor altera and I adde thereunto flore rubente to make it the better knowne for it is scarce knowne to many this is that Sage that I said before Master Iohnson that corrected Gerard hath erred exceedingly in confounding this with the fift which is the same that Master Cannon shewed him and gave me whose scent is farre sweeter than the small Pigge Sage and much differing from the scent of Wormewood if he had as duely enformed his smell thereof as hee did his sight of the flower the eighth Bauhinus also giveth the name of Salvia angustifolia lanuginosa and in English small woolly Sage the ninth likewise hath his name in the title Bauhinus giving the Latine and I the English the tenth is called by Clusius Phlomis Lychnitis and referreth it to the Lychnitis called also Thryallis by Dioscorides and by the Castilians in Spaine Candilera and those of Granado Menchera Lobel calleth it Verbascum sylvestre folijs salviae tenuifoliae and Bauhinus Verbascum angustis salvia folijs who saith it is also called of some Angarathi but Gesner in hortis Germaniae calleth it Salvia sylvestris Monspeliensium and therefore I have placed it in the number of the Sages and altered the title in Latine and call it thereafter in English the greater yellow Sage with narrow leaves the eleventh is called by Matthiolus also Verbascum sylvestre being his fourth and from him Anguilara Castor Durantes Clusius and others do call it Verbascum 4. Matthioli Camerarius Verbascum sylvestre folijs salviae and Lobel Verbascum fruticosum lignosum flore luteo who saith as I shewed you in the description that it is called a wilde Sage in Italy France the Low-Countries and England for we call it French Sage and why then he and they should call it as the next going before this Verbascum Mullein I see no cause more than that the leaves in both are woolly like Mullein and may serve as a weeke for Lampes as the Spaniards doe with the last before this and as Mullein leaves may doe but that is not a sufficient cause in my judgement to make them of the tribe of Mulleins other things not concurring as the flowers whereof I have spoken before Let others of knowledge bee judges herein It is called in English as I said French Sage and wooddy Mullein and this may as fitly bee called the great yellow wilde Sage with broad leaves as the former is called the greater yellow wilde Sage with narrow leaves The last is called Verbascum salvifolium by Prosper Alpinus in his Booke De plantis exoticis but because the flowers of this are more like a Sage than a Mullein as in the former I have rather referred it to these

like the former but a little lesser the roote is long and full of fibres perishing every yeare 3. Cerinthe major flavo flore The greater yellow Honywort This yellow Honywort riseth up with a reasonable great stalke branched on all sides from the bottome to the toppe many of the lowermost lying upon the ground and the other standing more upright whereon are set large and long blewish greene leaves spotted as the former is but not so large at the bottome where they compasse the stalkes yet having some prickles in the middle thereon as they have and a little hoary about the brimmes or edges the toppes of the branches doe bend downewards set with small leaves and flowers at them as the former and as great but without any circle or bottome of purple being wholly of a faire yellow colour with such like threds as the rest have the seede is like the former and so is the roote also perishing after seede time in the same manner 4. Cerinthe minor flavo flore The lesser yellow Honywort This smaller Honywort hath a slenderer stalke than the former neare two foote high set with smaller narrower yet spotted leaves thereon without order one above another on both sides of the stalkes which spreadeth into many small but longer branches from the middle thereof thicke set with leaves and flowers which are like the last all yellow but smaller and dented at the brimmes of them after which come such like seede as the last but smaller the roote hereof is likewise white and long and that which grew in my garden did not abide the first Winters blast and most usually perished at the first therewith yet Clusius saith that his lesser yellow sort whch he found wild in the fields of Austria and Stiria did sometimes abide greene in the Winter 5. Cerinthe major flore purpurante The purple Honywort The purple Honywort groweth very like the great yellow kinde with low bending branches and somewhat large blewish greene spotted leaves like as the rest have the flowers stand in the same manner that the rest doe and as large wholly of a darke purplish colour on the superficies whereof is a little whitenesse perceived the seede that followeth is like the other but greater than any of them and two for the most part standing together in a huske flat at the bottome the roote perisheth every yeare and must be new sowen againe 6. Cerinthe minor flore albo White Honywort This small Honywort hath divers weake and small branches leaning or rather lying downe upon the ground set with such like pale greene leaves but lesser than the former whose white spots are not so easie or conspicuous to be seene as in many of the other the flowers are white long and hollow like them but smaller with a reddish circle about the middle of the flower and standing with greene leaves and in greene huskes as the rest wherein after they are past come very likeseede but not halfe so great as the last the roote likewise is long slender and white perishing every yeare after it hath given seede The Place The first as Clusius saith groweth generally throughout Baetica of Spaine plentifully and in some places of Portingall also the second is not knowne from what place it came but was onely observed by Clusius in Iohn ab Hogheland his garden the third Clusius saith he found in the Kingdome of Valencia in Spaine Gesner in horti● saith it groweth in Monte Palatino at Rome as also in Germany betweene Dresda and Misena and Clusius saith he found it in divers fields of Austria and Stiria where sometimes it would out live a Winter and Dodonaeus saith in Bohemia and divers parts of Hungary the fift and sixt grow in divers places of Spaine from whence we had them by Guillaume Boel his diligence in finding them out there The Time They doe all flower in Iuly and August yet sometimes so late that we doe not gather good seede of any of them but the red if the yeare prove not warme enough and wet with all to ripen them or be not well watered if the Sommer be drie to bring them forward the sooner The Names Theophrastus among the ancient Greeke Writers in his 6. Booke and 7. Chapter maketh mention of Cerinthe and calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Pliny and Virgil among the ancient Latines make mention thereof likewise and it is but thought also to be their Cerinthe Pliny speaketh thereof in his 21. Booke and 12. Chapter and Virgil●n quarto Gorgicorum in these words Huc tu jussos asperge supores Trita Meliphylla Cerinthe ignobile gramen and not granum as some reade it whereby is understood that it is a base or vile weede or herbe growing every where as grasse for so divers herbes are named grasse Many learned men in Germany and France especially about Paris where they nurse it in their gardens have called it Telephium maculosum supposing it to be the Telephium of Dioscorides Dodonaeus and Clusius saith that many tooke it to be the herbe Maru or Almara of Avicen whereof in his 464 Chapter he maketh five sorts and this to be the fourth but Clusius saith that he taketh Avicen to meane no other herbe but either our Borage or Buglosse he saith also this may very well agree with the Leucographis Plinij whereof hee maketh mention in his 27. Booke and 11. Chapter because the leaves are spotted white some also hee saith tooke it to be Memitha of the Arabians but Clusius supposeth that to be Glaucium Graecorum Gesner as I said before in hortis Germaniae saith it was called of some in his time Cynoglossu● montana and Bauhinus thereupon calleth it Cynoglossum montanum but Clusius referreth it rather to the kindes of Borage or Buglosse whereof in temperature he saith it is nearest Dalechampius tooke Calendula to be Cerinthe a cereo ipsius flore sic appellata but the most usuall and common name whereby it is generally called now a dayes is Cerinthe and Plinij added because the most and best Herbarists doe thinke it comes nearest unto his description The first is called Cerinthe major by Lobel and Camerarius and by Clusius Cerinthe quorundam major versicolore flore and Bauhinus Cerinthe seu Cynoglossum montanum majus the second is Clusius his fift kinde whereof he maketh mention in his other Appendix which is joyned to his Booke of Exoticke things and Bauhinus calleth it Cerinthe folio non maculato viridi the third Clusius calleth Cerinthe quorundam major flavo flore and Bauhinus Cerinthe flore flavo asperior the fourth is called by Clusius Cerinthe quorundam minor flavo flore by Lobel Camerarius and Tabermontanus Cerinthe minor by Lugdunensis Cerinthe Plinij the fift is the third Cerinthe of Clusius in his history of plants and called by Bauhinus Cerinthe flore rubro purpurascente the last is not yet extant or remembred by any Author we being the first to whom it was brought out of Spaine by

that happen in the joynts of the armes and legges the juice of them dropped into the running eyes of any doth much helpe them the small Daisie is held to be more astringent and binding then any other sort CHAP. XXVIII Sanicula Sanicle THere be divers herbes that the learned writers have entituled Sanikle from their especiall properties in healing as Avens Beares eare Corrallwort Butterwort and divers others as they are remembred in their severall places and some in my former Booke as the spotted and Beares cares Sanicle whereof I thinke it not amisse to speake a little here and to give you their figures withall but this that I here first propose unto you is properly and peculiarly called Sanicle simply without any o●her epithite and thereof I finde no other sort although some have made mas and foemina accounting this the mas 1 Sanitula vulgaris sive Diapensia Ordinary Sanicle or Selfe heale 2 Pingulcula sive Sanicula Eboracensis Bu●erwort or Yorkeshire Sanicle 3. Sanicula guttata Spotted Sanicle 4. Sanicula Alpin a sive cortusa Matthi● Beares eare Sanicle and Astrancia nigra Dioscoridis to be the foemina but yet I thinke fit also to adjoyne hereunto the Pinguicula or Butterwort called of some Sanicula Eboracensis and an American Cortusa for the properties and use sake although differing in forme one from another The description of the ordinary Sanicle is thus It sendeth forth many great round leaves standing upon long brownish stalkes every one somewhat deepely cut or divided into five or sixe parts and some of those cut in also somewhat like the leafe of a Crowfoote or Doves foote and finely dented about the edges smooth and of a darke greene shining colour and sometimes reddish about the brimmes from among which riseth up small round greene stalkes without any joynt or leafe thereon saving at the toppe where it brancheth out into flowers having a leafe divided into three or foure parts at that joynt with the flowers which are small and white starting out of small round greenish yellow heads many standing together in a tuft in which afterwards are the seedes contained which are small round rough burres somewhat like unto the seeds of Clevers and sticke in the same manner upon any thing that they touch the roote is composed of many blacke strings or fibres set together at a little long head which abideth with the greene leaves all the winter and perish not 2. Pinguicula sive Sanicula Eboracensis Butterwort Butterwort hath divers fat and long leaves lying upon the ground about the roote broad at the bottome and pointed at the end of a pale greene colour on the upperside and white underneath folded together at their first rising which then are more white from among which arise two or three slender naked stalkes about an handbreadth high bearing onely one flower at the toppe of every one set in a small greene huske made somewhat like a Violet flower or those of the Larkes heeles or spurres having a small tayle or spurre behinde in some of a purple in others of a more blew colour and in some white after the flowers are past come in their places small pointed round heads wherein is contained small long blacke seede the roote is composed of divers small white fibres or strings which dye not but abide with the greene leaves upon them all the Winter 3. Sanicula guttata Spotted Sanicle Having given you the description hereof and the varieties in my former Booke I shall here rather point at it then fully declare that it hath roundish leaves greene above and grayish underneath and reddish withall the toppe of the branched stalke is stored with many small five leafed white flowers so finely spotted with red spots that they seeme to be pricked thereon 4. Sanicula Alpina sive Cortusa Matthioli Beares-eare Sanicle This also being there described at large needeth the lesser relation that it hath larger and more crumpled hairy round leaves then the last the stalkes also lower and bearing sundry small pendulous purple flowers 5. Sanicula sive Cortusa Americana fruticosa The Shrubbe Sanicle of America The shrubby Sanicle of America hath sundry almost round leaves lying on the ground each upon a little long footestalke divided at the edges into two parts dented likewise about the brimmes from among which rise hard wooddy stalkes neere two foote high having such like leaves thereon as grow below and branching forth with sundry small white ●arre like flowers in a tuft together at the toppes The Place The first is found in many shadowye woods and other places of this land The second in the common fields and sundry bogs on the hils in Yorkeshire chiefly in many places also of the West Country and Wales and likewise in a Common about a mile from Oxford neare a village called Herington The third and the fourth as Clusius saith groweth in all the Austrian and Stirian hils in the shadowy places of them The last came from the backe part of Virginia called Canada The Time The first and second flower not untill Iune and their seede is soone ripe after the other two next flower much earlier and sometimes againe in Autumne The last flowreth in Iuly The Names I have not found that any of these Sanicles were knowne to any of the ancient Greeke or Latine authors but are as many other vulnerary and other herbes found out and named by later writers For the first it hath his name Sanicula a potiore sanandi munere it is also called Diapensia by Brunfelsius Matthiolus and Lobel and by Tabermontanus Consolida quinqnefolia for Matthiolus maketh it his fourth kinde of Quinqnefolium Fabius Columna would referre it to the third Sideritis of Dioscorides but of most writers it is generally called Sanicula and some as I said before call it mas because they would make the Astrantia nigra Dioscoridis set forth in the third Classis of this worke which is of purging plants and 23. Chapter under the title of Helleborus niger Saniculae folio major the great purging Sanicle to be the faemina It is called by the Italians Sanicola by the Germanes and Dutch Sanikel by the French Sanicle and by us Sanickle The other was first called Pinguicula by Gesner in descriptione montis fracti and from him all others doe so call it some also with us Sanicula Eborace●sis because it groweth so plentifully in Yorkeshire Lugdunensis calleth it Cucullata and thinketh it may be Cri● A●lei Gesner thought it to be Dodecatheon Plinij others Lingula Plinij and some as Gesner Viola humida aut pal●stris Bauhinus in putting it among his Sanicules calleth it Sanicula montana flore calcari donata We in English doe call it Butterwort and Butter roote because of the vnctuositie of the leaves or else of fatning as Gerard saith but untruely for they call it white rot and not white roote as Gerard saith for the Country people doe thinke their sheepe will catch the rot if for hunger they should eate thereof and

Marjerome but somewhat lesser and with a thicker ribbe on the backe of every leafe two together as it usuall in the rest the flowers are small and white composed of five round pointed leaves with a darke purplish spot at the bottome of every leafe with divers yellow threds in the middle the seede hereof is grayish that followeth in small three square heads 4. Cistus faeminae Lavendula folio Lavender leafed Cistus The chiefest difference in this Cistus from the last is in the leaves being small and long like unto Lavender ye● so like that as Clusius saith he verily thought them plants to be Lavender that he first saw and so neglected them untill seeing the flowers upon them which were wholly white without any spot in them he plainely then saw that it was a kind of Cistus 5. Cistus faemina folio Thymi Time leafed Cistus The stalkes of this Cistus are brownish and wooddy rising a foote high for the most part without any leaves Cistus famina vulgaris The ordinary female Cistus 1. Cistus faemina Halimi folio major The greater Sea Purslane leafed female Cistus 2. Cistus Halimi folio minor The lesser Sea Purslane leafed female Cistus Cistus annuus flore gultato Spotted annuall Cistus 6. Cisto similis frutex exoticus The Cistus like strange shrubbe 7. Cistus annuus folio Salicis Willow leafed annuall Cistus upon them but toward the toppes there stand many small greene leaves at a joynt very like unto those of Time the flowers are smaller then in the other and wholly white like unto the rest 6. Cisto similis frutex exoticus The Cistus like strange shrubbe I must needes joyne this shrubbe unto the rest seeing Lobel who first set it out did so account it and all others that have mentioned it since him doe referre it thereto although 8. Cistus annuus folio Ledi Ledum leafed annuall Cistus it have small likenesse but in the leaves unto any of them for as I have sayd before and the rule is most certaine the flowers and seede of any plant doe best demonstrate under what genus any species is to be referred which in this is farthest remote having round woolly heads and I thinke none of us ever saw the plant but as Lobel saith it hath wooddy branches like unto a Cistus with rugged long leaves thereon like unto those of Sage or Mints and round woolly heads at the toppes like unto Plane tree heads 7. Cistus annuus folio salicis Willow leafed annuall Cistus The Willow leafed Cistus of a yeare for I have given another of this sort in my former booke whose figure I here give you hath divers small hairy leaves lying upon the ground somewhat like in forme to Ollive or Willow leaves but much smaller among which rise up hairy stalkes about a foote and a halfe high set with two leaves at a joynt much smaller then those below at the toppes whereof grow many small pale yellow flowers and sometime more white one above another without any spots on the leaves as in that other is set forth already which do scarse abide a day but suddenly fall the seede vessell that are skinny and three square containing small seede appeare quickly after 8. Cistus annuus folio Ledi Ledum leafed annuall Cistus This other Cistus riseth higher with greater stemmes but not lesse hairy then the other having two or three leaves set at the severall joynts longer and narrower then the last and smaller pointed somewhat rough and of a deeper greene colour the flowers fade as quickly and grow singly towards the toppes with the leaves as large as the last and of a faire pale yellow colour with heads and seede succeeding in the like manner and yearely perishing also yet it hath sometimes abidden a Winter in my Garden when it hath not flowred with me in the Summer before The Place Some of these grow in Spaine and some upon the cold Alpes and Mountaines in Germany The Time They flower some in Aprill and May or sooner in their naturall places but not untill Iune with us or in Iuly The Names Their names are sufficiently expressed in their titles as they are used to be called of those that have written of them onely I would give you to know thus much that the Spaniards as Clusius and Lugdunensis from M● doe say doe call the annuall Cistus as well that which hath spots ●s that which hath none on the flowers by the name of Turmera from Turmas which signifieth Tubera those Spanish or out●dish puffes that are edible or fit to be eaten because where that shrub groweth they usually finde those puffes doe breede and therefore Lugdunensis calleth it Tuberaria and both Clusius and he doe thinke it may be the Hydnophyllus of Pamphylus in Athenaeus because it shewed where those puffes doe grow The Vertues The female Cistus are no lesse drying and astringent then the male and are used with as good successe for all the purposes before recited whereunto the male kinds are applied and therefore it shall not neede to repeate the same things againe CHAP. LXXXVII Cistus Ledon The sweete Gum Cistus THere are more varieties of this sweete or Gum Cistus then of both the other sorts before chiefly differing in growth leaves yet all of them smelling somewhat sweet of that viscous or clammy dewines that is upon them Vnto them also are to be referred some other plants for the likenesse and nearenesse some whereof I have expressed in my former booke and therefore neede not here againe describe them 1. Cistus Ledon latifolium Broad leafed sweete Cistus The broad leafed sweete Cistus riseth up with divers wooddy branches five or six foote high spreading many other smaller branches whereon are set two leaves at a joynt one against another somewhat broader than that in my former booke comming neare to the forme of Bay leaves of a darke shining greene colour on the upper side and grayish underneath which are clammy in feeling as the young shoots and stalkes are also and of a strong sweet sent to be felt a great way off especially in the hot Summer time in the naturall places much more then in these countries at the toppes of every branch come forth single white flowers made of five broad round pointed leaves sometimes without any spots in them as is also to bee seene in that other with narrow leaves formerly described and sometimes having a darke purple spot at the bottome of every leafe pointed upwards which in some are greater in others lesser with divers yellow threds in the middle after the flowers are past there come in their places somewhat round great hard heads conteining within them small brownish seede the root is wooddy and spreadeth many branches but not very deep Myrtifolium feu Latifolium Lobelij Lobel maketh mention of a sort hereof which hee calleth Latifolium or Myrtifolium which hath sundry leaves comming forth together in other things little differing from the former 2. Cistus

other drinke for it will speedily give ease three or foure drammes of the said powder taken in sweet wine procureth a speedy delivery and driveth forth the afterbirth provoketh the courses and Vrine when they are stopped and expelleth the stone in the reines and kidneys if a dramme or two of the said powder be given to drinke in wine or broth for some certaine dayes together it will helpe those that have a rupture or a● bursten and for this purpose it is accounted by divers that there is no helpe better but although it may bring some paines at the first takings yet by continuance it will knit and heale the part yet they must use their trusse for a good while after as well as during the cure it is also good for those that have some imperfection in their speech so as it be not naturall it helpeth also the sores in the mouth and throat and to settle the palate of the mouth in its place that is subject often to fall downe by reason of two much moisture it is likewise of singular good use in old and filthy ulcers in any part of the body to dry up the moisture and to bring them on the more speedily to be healed either the powder of the leaves or rootes to bee used alone or with other things put unto them or the decoction to wash them or inject into them CHAP. CVI. Geranium Cranes bill or Storkes bill DIoscorides setteth forth but two sorts of Cranes bills Pliny addeth a third Matthiolus hath six others have encreased the number still more and more but our age hath found out many more whereof I have shewed you in my former booke divers sorts such as are of most delight and beauty fit to furnish such a garden as you there finde them of none of these doe I intend to speake againe having given you their descriptions c. in that place I will onely give you some of their figures which shall suffice There are many other fit to be knowne which shall follow in this place and because I would observe the same method I 1. Geranium bulbosum Doctoria Pennai Doctor Penny his bulbous Cranes bill 2. Geranium nodosum Knotted Cranes Bill have formerly done I will distribute them into three rankes or orders the first shall be of those that beare broad leaves like the Aconites or Crowfoot the next shall be of such as have round leaves like unto Mallowes and the last of those that have their leaves much cut in and jagged Gerania Batrachia Crowfoote Cranes bill 1. Geranium bulbosum Pennaei sive grumosa radica Doctor Penny his bulbous Cranes bill This Cranes bill hath for the roote many small long bulbes or kernells issuing from a long whitish roote and divers small fibres set both above them and at their ends the stalke is about a cubit high with joynts or knees in severall places at each whereof come forth small short and pointed leaves as also two great leaves upon long footestalkes divided into five parts each of them cut in somewhat on the edges at the toppes of the stalkes and branches and from the upper joynts likewise come forth divers flowers together each standing on short footstalkes consisting of five leaves a peece of a reddish purple or rose colour not so large as those of the Crowfoote Cranes bill 2. Geranium nodosum Knotted Cranes bill The knotted Cranes bill sendeth forth certaine leaves upon long footstalkes from the roote which is knotted and jointed with divers long fibres growing there from among which rise up two or three slender stalkes a foote high with great joynts like knees standing forth and reddish toward the bottome there usually stand two leaves upon long footestalkes at a joynt cut into three parts yet shewing to bee five for that the two lowest are cut in a little from the uppermost joynt of leaves come forth two flowers for the most part and no more standing upon longer footestales made of five leaves a peece dented in the middle like a Mallow of a purplish colour with veines of a deeper purple running there through having a reddish umbone in the middle our into five parts at the toppe which being past there come in their places long beake heads somewhat great at the bottome whereon the seeds are set as in the other sort of Cranes bills 3. Geranium pullo flore Darke red Cranes bill The darke red Cranes bill hath divers broad spread soft and somewhat hairy leaves rising immediatly from the roote upon long footstalkes cut into five or six or seven deepe gashes or divisions with a blackish spot at the bottome of every one of them and dented also about their edges the stalke riseth up about two foote high spotted with many blooddy spots and is strong somewhat hairy and parted into three or foure branches with such like leaves on them but lesser and at their ends two or three flowers a peece each of them consisting of five leaves cut in on the edges which is a fashion different from all other Cranes bills of a deepe red colour almost blackish and in the middle a long stile with many writhed threds about it the seede that followeth is browne like unto the other sorts the roote hath great reddish heads above and many long strings and fibres descending from it 4. Geranium Batrachoides minus Small Crowfoote Cranes bill This Crowfoote Cranes bill is somewhat like the other described in my former booke having large rough and hairy leaves upon long footstalkes cut in more deepely on the edges and dented also round about the stalke is a 3. Geranium pullo flore Red Cranes bill Geranium fus● Spotted Cranes bill 5. ●a● Moscoviticum Purpureu● Purple Cranes bill of Muscovy 6. Geranium Batrachoides alterum longius radicatum Lobelij Long rooted Crowfoot Cranes bill foote and a halfe high branched into divers parts with lesser divided leaves at the joints up to the toppes where the flowers stand very like unto the other but lesser and of a reddish purple colour the seede that followeth is like the other but standeth upright and turneth not downewards the roote is somewhat thicke and reddish at the head with divers strings and fibres thereat 5. Geranium Moscoviticum purpureum Purple Cranes bill of Muscovy This purple Cranes bill hath broad leaves divided into five parts or divisions for the most part and dented likewise about the edges somewhat resembling Geranium fuscum but not fully so large or rather like the Geranium Romanum versicolor but of a deeper greene colour and with some blacke spots also like them at the bottome of the divisions of the leafe the stalke riseth about two foote high with sundry tufts of large purplish blew flowers tending to red the seede that followeth is almost as small as that of the Roman striped kinde the roote shooteth forth divers heads whereby it is increased but looseth all his leaves in winter which the others doe not 6. Geranium Batrachoides alterum

his Galega altera and sylvestris Germanica which Bauhinus calleth Multiflora and the same also with his Vicia Onobrychidis flore as any that shall reade their severall descriptions and compare them may see it may also bee called Vicia sylvestris nemorum the wilde wood Vetch the last is called by Matthiolas Vicia as it is indeede the worst of all but not the great or manured one The Italians call it Veccia the French Vesce and the wild kindes Vesce sauvage and Vesceron the Germanes Wecke● and the wild kind Walde Wecken and the greatest S. Christoffelz krant the Dutch Witten and wee in English Vetches Fetches Tares and the wilde kind Tine The Vertues If these be eaten by men as Galen saith in time of dearth as some did when they were greene they yeeld a thicke clammy nourishment are hard of disgestion and bind the belly and therefore fit to breede melancholy the meale thereof is used with other things to stay running Vlcers and Cankers that are ready to Gangrene and made into a Pultis and layd on the belly they binde a laske CHAP. XIIII Lupinus The flat Beane or Lupine HAving finished the number of climing or ramping Faba major hortensis Our ordinary Garden Beane Pulses it remaineth to shew you the rest which have no claspers and first to begin with the Lupine or flat Beane for the great Garden Beane which should stand in the fore front I have shewed you in my former Worke with the greater and smaller blew and yellow Lupine yet I thinke it not amisse to give you some of their Figures here 1. Lupinus sativus albus The great white Lupine The great white Lupine riseth up with a strong upright round hollow soft or woolly stalke set confusedly with divers soft woolly leaves upon long footstalkes each being divided into five seaven or nine severall parts narrow long and soft greenish on the upper side and woolly underneath the maine stalke divideth it selfe into two parts after the flowers are growen from the uppermost joynt and are like unto the great Garden Beane but wholly white without any spot the branches flowring after the first flowers have given slender long soft or woolly cods lesser then of the Garden Beane conteining within them foure or five flat white Beanes somewhat yellowish within and very bitter in taste the roote is somewhat long and hard with divers fibres annexed thereto perishing yearely 2. Lupinus alter albus The spotted white Lupine This other Lupine differeth from the former in the greatnesse and in the flower which is spotted with blew on the head of the innermost leaves and the hollow of the uppermost 3. Lupinus minimus caeruleus The smallest blew Lupine This small Lupine is very like unto the former blew Lupine set forth in my former Booke in the manner of growing being little or nothing woolly also but smaller both stalkes and leaves the flowers likewise are wholly blew as they or very seldome with a white spot in it the seede is smaller likewise and a little spotted Lupinus flore luteo The yellow Lupine 1. Lupinus sativus albus The great white Lupine 3. Lupinus minimus caeruleus The smallest blew Lupine 6. Lupinus medius caeruleus A midddle sort of the great blew Lupine 4. Lupinus Gadensis marinus flore caeruleo The blew Sea Lupine This Sea Lupine is somewhat like unto the smaller blew Lupine described in my former Booke but lesser or betweene it and the smallest blew last of all described the flower is of a most excellent blew colour with some white spots in them the seede is small and round 5. Lupinus Arabicus The Arabian Lupine Having well considered this Lupine I finde that I have described it among the Cinquefoiles because the leaves did so neere resemble a Cinquefoile and comming to me by that name but since that having reade Pona his description of Mons Bauldus in the Italian tongue I finde it there described by the name of Lupino Arabico or if you will Pentafillo peregrino unto either of which it may be referred but seeing it doth more resemble a Lupine than a Cinquefoile I have so entituled it here yet referre you to the description thereof in that place because I would not repeate that there set downe being as I tooke it growing in my owne Garden but yet because in some things it is defective as in the cods c. and might be bettered I will from Pona supply it the leafe doth better resemble a Lupine leafe the flowers are more purple than they shewed with me and the middle pointell in them also is purple the pods are long and pointed at the ends full of small blacke seede and little this I thought good to advertise you that they are but one plant although it hath two titles 6. Lupinus Indicus medius caeruleus A middle sort of the great blew Lupine This sort of Lupine is very like the greatest blew Lupine described in my former Booke both for the tallnesse woollinesse and largenesse of the leaves or a little lesser in all as the flower is also and of as orient a blew colour with a whitish spot in the middle which changeth to be reddish before the flower decaieth the pods likewise are woolly and almost as large and so is the seede also but still smaller and a little discoloured with a clear or hollownesse in the middle 7. Lupinus flore carneo Blush flowred Lupines Somewhat like unto the last is this Lupine also but lesser and lesse woolly the flowers which make the chiefest difference are of a kinde of delaied reddish colour which we usually call a blush the pods also are lesse woolly and smaller and the seede likewise 8. Lupinus flore obsoleto Wee have had another sort of Lupine sent us from Boel by this name but perishing in an intemperate yeare we can describe it no further The Place and Time These Lupines grow naturally wilde but wee doe nourish them all in Gardens and doe flower in the end of Iuly or in August in which time or quickly after the seede will be ripe The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thermos in Latine Lupinus Pliny thinking it tooke the name and qualitie from Lupus but I finde no likelihood in that supposition and therefore forbeare to expresse it any further the two first are so called by the Authors that have written of them the third was brought me by Boel out of Africa and the fourth out of Spaine but were both so tender that I onely saved a little seede the first yeare I had them and have lost them since the fift is declared in the description the three last have not beene remembred by any before the Arabians call it Tarmus or Tormus the Italians Lupino the Spaniards Entramosos the French Lupin the Germanes Figboneu the Dutch Vijchboonen and Lupines from whence came the Faba ficulnea Germanis by Lobel and we in English Lupine or flat Beene The Vertues Lupines by reason