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book_n	prince_n	young_a	youth_n	33	3	7.3993	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A48803	The marrow of history, or, The pilgrimmage of kings and princes truly representing the variety of dangers inhaerent to their crowns, and the lamentable deaths which many of them, and some of the best of them, have undergone : collected, not onely out of the best modern histories, but from all those which have been most famous in the Latine, Greek, or in the Hebrew tongue : shewing, not onely the tragedies of princes at their deaths, but their exploits and sayings in their lives, and by what virtues some of them have flourished in the height of honour, and overcome by what affections, others of them have sunk into the depth of all calamities : a work most delightfull for knowledge, and as profitable for example / collected by Lodowick Lloyd ... ; and corrected and revived by R.C. ...	Lloyd, Lodowick, fl. 1573-1610.; Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665.	1653 (1653)	Wing L2660; ESTC R39067	223,145	321

translating Titus Livius though he was a King I do not hold with age in divers men who for want of discretion and wit was childish again but of perfect men in whom age seemed rather a warrant of their doings For even as he that playeth much upon instruments is not to be commended so well as he that playeth cunningly and artificially so all men that live long are not to be praised so much as he that liveth well For as apples being green are yet sower untill by time they wax sweet so young men without warrant of time and experience of things are oftentimes to be misliked If faults be in old men saith Cicero as many there be it is not in age but in the life and manners of men Some think age miserable because either the body is deprived from pleasure or that it bringeth imbecility or weaknesse or that it is not far from death or calleth from due administration of Common-wealths these four causes saith Cicero make age seem miserable and loathsome What shall we say then of those that in their old age have defended their countries saved their Cities guided the people and valiantly triumphed over their enemies as L. Paulus Scipio and Fabius Maximus men of wonderfull credit in their old years What may be spoken of Fabritius Curius and Cornucanus aged men of great agility of famous memory in their latter days How can Appius Claudius be forgotten who being both old and blind resisted the Senatours to compound with King Pyrrhus for peace though they all and the Consuls of Rome hereunto were much inclined If I should passe from Rome a place where age was much estéemed unto Athens amongst the sage Philosophers if from Athens to Lacedemonia where age altogether bare sway and rule if from thence unto the Ethiopians and Indians where all their lives are ruled and governed by old men If from thence to any part of the world I might be long occupied in reciting the honour and estéemation of age Herodotus doth write that the Aethiopians and Indians do live most commonly a hundred and thirty years The people called Epeii in the Countrey of Aetolia do live two hundred years naturally and as it is by Damiates reported Lictorius a man of that Countrey lived thrée hundred years The Kings of Arcadia were wont to live thrée hundred years the people of Hyperborii lived a thousand years We read in the old Testament that Adam our first father lived nine hundred and thirty years and Eve his wife as many Seth nine hundred and twelve years Seth his son called Enos nine hundred and five Cainan the son of Enos nine hundred and ten Mahalalehel the son of Cainan eight hundred fourscore and fifteen so Enoch the son of Iared lived nine hundred thréescore and five years Enoch his son named Mechuselah lived nine hundred threescore and nine years with divers of the first Age I mean till Noah's time who began the second world after the floud who lived as we read nine hundred and five his son Sem six hundred years and so lineally from father to son as from Sem to Arphaxad from Arphaxad to Sala from Sala to Heber the least lived above thrée hundred years This I thought for better credit and greater proof of old ago to draw out of the Old Testament that other prophane authorities might be beleeved as Tithoni●s whom the Poets fain that he was so old that he desired to become a Grash●pper But because age hath no pleasure in the world frequenteth no banquets abhorreth lust loveth no wantonness which saith Plato is the only bait that deceives young men so much the happier age is that age doth loath that in time which young men neither with knowledg with wisdome nor yet with counsel can avoid What harm hath happened from time to time by young men over whom lust so ruled that there followed eversion of Cōmonwealths treason to Princes Friends betrayed countreys overthrown and Kingdoms vanquished throughout the world Therefore Cicero saith in his book entituled De Senectate at what time he was in the City of Tarentum being a young man with Fabius Maximus that he carried one lesson from Tarentum unto the youth of Rome where Architas the Tarentine said that Nature bestowed nothing upon man so hurtfull to himself nor so dangerous to his Countrey as lust or pleasure For when C. Fabricius was sent as an Embassadour from Rome to Pyrrhus King of Epyre being then the Governour of the City of Tarentum a certain man named Cineas a Thessalian by birth being in disputation with Fabritius about pleasure affirmed that hee heard a Philosopher of Athens affirm that all which we do is to be referred to pleasure which when M. Curius and Titus Coruncanus heard they desired Cineas to perswade King Pyrrhus to yéeld to pleasure and make the Samnites believe that pleasure ought to be esteemed Whereby they knew that if King Pyrrhus or the Samnites being then great enemies to the Romans were addicted to lust or pleasure that then soon they might be subdued and destroyed There is nothing that more hindreth magnanimity or resisteth vertuous enterprises then pleasure as in the Treatise of pleasure it shall more at large appear Why then how happy is old age to despise and contemn that which youth by no means can avoid yea to loath and abhor that which is most hurtfull to it self For Cecellius contemned Caesar with all his force saying to the Emperor that two things made him nothing to estéem the power of the Emperor Age and Wisdome By reason of Age and Wisdome Castritius feared not at al the threatnings of C. Carbo being then Consul at Rome who though he said he had many friends at commandement yet Castri●i●● answered and said That he had likewise many years that could not fear his friends Therefore a wise man sometime wept for that man dieth within few years and having but little experience in his old age he is then deprived thereof For the Crow liveth thrise so long as the man doth the Hart liveth four times so long as the Crow the Raven thrice so long as the Hart and the Phoenix nine times longer then the Raven And thus Birds do live longer time then man doth in whom there is no understanding of their years But man unto whom reason is joyned before he commeth to any ground of experience when he beginneth to have knowledge in things he dieth and thus endeth he his toyling Pilgrimage and travel in fewer years then divers beasts or birds do CHAP. XIX Of the manners of sundry People under sundry Princes and of their strange life THe sundry fashions and variety of manners the strange life of people every where thorow the world dispersed are so charactered and set forth amongst the writers that in shewing the same by naming the Countrey and the people thereof orderly their customes their manners their kind of living being worthy of observation I thought briefly to touch and to note

nine just with the number of the Muses thus was the first Harp made by Apollo though some say it was made by Orpheus some by Amphion some by Li●s yet it is most like that Apollo made it For in Delphos the picture or effigies of Apollo is there set up having in his right hand a bow and in his left hand the thrée Graces and either of them having in their hands several kind of instruments the first a Harp the second a Pipe the third a Flute In the chapter of the invention of things you shall at large find more concerning musick But now to declare the harmony of musick the mirth and melody that procéeds from musick the love and affection that antient Princes and gravewise men bare to musick Themistocles though he was wise and discréet in other things yet for that as Cicero saith in his first book of Tusculans he refused to hear one play on the Harp in a banquet where he was he then of the wisest men in Athens was thought and judged to be of lesse learning than they supposed him to be For the Greeks judged none to be learned unlesse he were experienced in musick Socrates the father of all philosophy and master of all Philosophers being by the Oracle of Apollo named and judged the wisest man in all the world in his latter years being an old man was taught to play upon the Harp and often found amongst little children he being taunted of Alcibiades for that he found him playing with a little infant called Lamproces answered it is good being to be in good company Even so that wise and discreet Prince Agesilaus king sometime of the Lacedemonians spying one of his men to laugh at him for that he rode upon a long reed with one of his children said hold thy peace and laugh not and when soever thou shalt be a father thou must do as a father We read the like of noble Architas the Tarentine who when he was married having a great number of servants in his house he would play with their children and delighted much in the company of young infants Certainly either of these thrée last mentioned Socrates Age●●laus or Architas were in those days most renowned for their wisedom and knowledge and yet refused they not the company of young infants That mighty and strong Hercules though he was the son of Jupiter and counted in all the world most famous rather a God taken then a man as Euripides doth testifie would be often found amongst children and young innocent infants playing saying this sentence with a child in his hand I play with children which for the change thereof is so grateful unto me as though I were in the games of Olimpia The self-same famous Hercules went to school to Livius to learn to play upon the Harp to solace him in his sadnesse and to make him merry when he was compelled to mourn In the middest of his triumph went that great Conquerour Alexander likewise to learn musick That divine and godly Prophet David played upon his Harp and served his God with hymns and godly ballads It is written that in the marriage of King Cadmus the son of Agenor who builded Thebes in Boetia the Muses played on instruments In Gréece musick was so esteemed that their sages and wise Philosophers addicted themselves wholly to musick The Arcadians the Lacedemonians and the Thracians though they were people much given to wars severe in dealing hardy in all travels and in learning most inexperienced yet would they acquaint themselves with musick till they were thirty years old The people of Créet brought up their youth in all kind of melody and harmony The most part of the world did learn musick save in Egypt where as Diodorus in his second book affirmeth musick was forbidden least the tender and soft minds of their youth should be inticed to too much pleasure And though some contemn musick with Diogenes and say that it were more profitable to mend manners then to learn musick and some with Alcibiades despise musick who was wont to say that the Thebans were méet men to learn musick for that they could not speak but that the Athenians should hate such wanton tunes for that they spake without instruments Likewise King Pyrrhus being demaanded which was the best musitian Python or Charisius he despising them and their musick preferred a great warriour according to his own mind named Polysperches though these I say with divers others despised musick yet we read again as wise as they as stout as they used much musick as Aca●les Alexander the great Nero Silla M. Cato Socrates Cimon Too many might I repeat the learned Jopas whose songs in Virgil are expressed the Salij whose pleasant pamphlets Rome a long while embraced and much estéemed For as musick is delightfully pleasant full of harmony and melody so is musick terrible also and full of life and courage For we read in the old age while yet the world was rain that Aliates King of Lidia in his wars against the Milesians had Musitians for his Trumpetters Pipers and Fidlers as Herodo●us in his first book affirmeth to move the people with musick to wars The people of Créet as Gellius writeth had Gitterns and Cithrons playing before them as they went to the field to fight The Parthians used as Plutarch●s in the life of Crastus reporteth the beating of drums at their going into field the Ethiopians used songs of divers tunes and dancings before they went to wars the Syrians before they met their enemies would sing ballads to honour the fame of the wars with all kind of dancing to solace themselves the Cimbrians did make melody with dry skins beating the skins with sticks like drum sticks at the very entrance to the enemies Cyrus the great King did with his souldiers sing to Castor and Pollux before he took his voyage to the enemies the Athenians would sing hymns to Iupiter before they would go to the field the first noise and sound that the Lacedemonians had as Th●cidides saith instead of Trumpets were Flutes til ' by an Oracle they were warned of Apollo that if they thought to have victory over Moslena they should appoint a man of Athens for their Captain the Athenians being right glad of the Oracle for that the Laced●monians and Athenians were alwaies enemies one to another they sent to Athens for a Captain who appointed to them a lame and a deformed man named Dircaeus in a reproach and mock of the Lacedemonians This Dircae●s being appointed and made Captain over all the people of Sparta he first then invented the trump and taught all the Lacedemonians to sound the trump which was such a terrour to the enemies the people of Messena that at the first sound of the trumpets they fled and so the Lacedemonians got the victory thus was the ancient musick in the beginning so necessary that every country indeavoured to have skil in musick then Mars claimed musick in the field now

to sigh and say This even Solon told me before at whose sighes Cyrus being with pity convicted gave him life This may be seen in Cinna a noble gentleman of Rome and Nephew unto Pompeius the great who having conspired the death of that most gentle Emperour Augustus who had been oftentimes Cinnas patron and defender both in restoring him unto his patrimony and in augmenting his honour and in saving his life and now likewise having his accusers ready to prove the intent of Cinna and in place to stand before Cinnas face to declare his conspiracy where how and when he had conspired the Emperours death While this complaint was made the Empresse Livia Augustus wife came in place saying the Physitian said she doth use a contrary pl●ister to those patients that will not heal with rules of physick No prince said she wins such praise by severity as he meriteth commendation by lenity For Cinna now being reprehended his fault known to grant him life doth more augment Augustus fame by lenity then to make Cinna die for safeguard of the state by Iustice for Iustice without prudence is half tyranny The Emperour joyed much to hear such clemency proceed from his wife Livia and caused Cinna to be sent for and made him sit in a chair and willed every man to depart the chamber then not repeating Cinnas fault nor reciting his conspiracy he said I crave of thée Cinna in recompence of good will and pardoning of thy faults good wil and love again to shew me the like good will as I have wil alwaies shew unto thee in proof thereof he made him a Consul in Rome whose princely clemēcy therein made his foes to become his friends this his wonderful wisedom and humanity caused all Rome to love him and his wife alive to honour them both being dead He was went to answer any slanderous reproach or tanting words thus gently that Augustus never weighed slanderous words so that he might avoid malicious déeds We read of the like humanity to be in that most worthy Emperour Trayane who when he was blamed by some of his friends for his too much humanity towards his subjects considering that familiarity bréedeth contempt he answered I will be unto my subjects as I would my subjects be unto me for the gentleness and lenity of a Prince never hurteth his estate In the same place doth Brusonius joyn unto these two noble Emperors a worthy example of like clemency Alexander Severus who if all Rome had lost humanity it had béen found again in him He in like sort being spoken unto by one of his Consuls and being often reprehended of Mammea his own mother for his courtesie and facility of spéech I read said hee that severity groweth unto tyranny and tyranny in a Prince worketh his destruction And that lenity is the most secure state in a Prince who seeth not the experience thereof Certainly Nero Caligula and Heliogabulus were never so cruel as these thrée noble Emperors Augustus Traiane and Severus were gentle and méek Alphonsus the great King of Arragon giving ear a long time to his friends who found fault with his often pardoning and forgiving those that offended much his own person said Alphonsus had rather save many by lenity and gentleness then lose any by cruelty and tyranny This King being moved to wars against the Venetians and Florentines people very stout in Italy and ready from Naples to march forward to méet his enemies certain Embassadors comming from the Florentines to entreat of peace with Alphonsus upon humble suits and conditions No conditions said Alphonsus shall be denied to them that séek peace but frankly and fréely to grant it His humanity was such that the Embassadors were not so ready to aske peace but he was as ready to grant peace Herodotus doth write that there was a law among the Persians that no man should be punished for one fault but first they would examine whether his good deeds were to be rewarded or his evil life to be punished Nicanor the Macedonian after he had used evil speech every where against Philip Alexanders Father he was complained of unto the king When the king knew thereof he answered gently That poverty caused Nicanor to speak against king Philip Therefore he did send him money to ease his mind and pardoned withal his offences How worthy of memory is Theodosius Junior after he was perswaded by his friends to revenge these backbiters that spake ill of him he answered in this sort a Prince ought not to bend himself to revenge faults but be ready to pardon offences saying moreover Would God that Theodosius were able to make his enemies alive again And to prove that a Prince ought not to revenge Adrian the Emperour shewed a noble example thereof he having great enmity with a certain worthy Roman and being in great hatred towards this man before he became Emperour the self same day that Adrian was made Emperour of Rome méeting his enemy in the stréet he said aloud to him before the people Evasisti thou hast won the victory meaning that he then being a Prince elected might in no wise revenge the wrongs that he received before O passing humanity and clemency in princes It was Alexander the● great his saying as Pontanus in his first book affirmeth that it was more meet for a Prince to do good for evill then to add evill to evill We read that cruel Nero in the beginning of his Empire was so gentle that he wished often he could not read because he should not put his hand according unto the custome of Rome to the libells for the punishment of the offendors And Domitianus in the beginning did so abhor tyranny and cruelnesse that he would forbid to kill any beast for sacrifice though they in the latter years forgot this natural clemency What a noble vertue is humanity in a Prince what excellency in a noble man what an ornament in a Gentleman what commendation in all men insomuch that the Snakes of Syria the Serpents of Terinthia the Scorpions in Arcadia want no due deserved praise of Plini for their gentlenesse and sparing of their natural soil though they were cruel in others What humanity was it in Scipio having taken captive Hasdrubal king Masinisla his nigh kinsman to restore him home again without ransome what clemency used Demetrius to Silla a Captain of K. Ptolome even as before Ptolome shewed to Demetrius himself being taken prisoner the like shewed he to Silla such hath béen the lenity of some Princes that thereby they augmented fame purchased great honour won victories and such hath béen the tyranny of others that they have defamed themselves won hatred lost their estates and in fine destroyed themselves For this purpose was Philip King of Macedonia wont to instruct his son Alexander to deport him courteously towards the Macedonia to use lenity and clemency to his equals and to shew himself gentle unto all men while his father Philip

the third and last is in the child The solemnity in Matrimony in divers places imported unto us wise morals and did as it were presage a duty and an obedience to things as both Plutarch and Pliny write of the Venetians that when a Marriage was solemnized in Venice the Bride after that day bringeth her distaff and her spindle and fl●x ready as one after that day never to be idle but occupied always in she affairs of her house The Greeks and Romans also had this custome they girded the loyns of their daughters alwayes till the day of their marriages and then that night her husband should loose the knot and unbind that which of long time the Virgins of Greece kept fast bound Amongst divers Countreys where sundry solemnities in matrimony are used I read not in any History so solemn a state and so worthy ceremonies as we do see in England which if you mark in all points you must néeds confesse that outward ceremonies do import a great Majesty and Dignity in Matrimony Again they had laws in divers places that none might marry without some reverence shewed to their Gods before as the Athenians suffered no marriage without sacrifice first done to Diana In Rome a law there was that she that should be married should sit in the seat of Faunus before she might see the Bridegroom her husband The like was observed in Boetia and Locresia that before their youth should marry they should drink one to another at the altar consecrated to Euelia In Hetruria they used to kill a hog to sacrifice to their Gods and to call upon Juno for good successe to come In Lusitania the Bride goes to Church with a distaff and a spindle in her hand and one of her kinsmen going before her with a firebrand of Pine tree In Sparta by the law of Lycurgus the maids that should marry should shave the hairs of their heads and wear mans apparel and by the same law they were forbidden to give any substance with their daughters but love and good will was to be the whole cause of marriage Moreover they used these ceremonies To divide a peece of bread in Macedonia and in the most part of Greece for the Bride and the Bridegroom to eat before they should be married The like in Rome in Romulus time was used In Galatia they did both drink first of one cup appointed for that purpose onely And so forth in divers Countreys they used divers ceremonies as in Carmenia no man might marry without he brought the head of some enemy or other to the King as a proof of his love toward his Countrey In Maeous no maid might marry without she had subverted one enemy or other of her Countrey But in some countreys they married not as the Esseni a people much given to abstain as well from Wine as from Women Wherefore Socrates being demanded what was best Whether to marry or no answered If you marry you shall suffer brawling and chiding if you are single you shall be solitary and comfortlesse Therefore Pompey the great comming among the Massagetes who used once a week to company with their wives demanded the cause thereof They answered Because we would not hear their chidings in the day time nor their complaints in the night time But to end let every man have his own wife if he cannot live chast for better it is to marry then to burn CHAP. XXVIII Of Likenesse and Similitudes of Kings and Princes ALthough comparisons are odious amongst divers men yet for that Pliny and Plutarch do use them chiefly for necessaries I shall shew how like divers Princes were one to another not in countenance and outward proportion onely but in life and conversation Also by comparing the ancient Gréeks and the la●ter Romans one with another as most certain the Romans imitated the Gréeks in all points we shall sée and perceive by their acts doings and life who were most like one to another And first to begin with Ro●●●ius the first King of Rome he in all his doings did imitate that valiant Gréek Theseus as Plutarch in his first book declareth And as by comparing their lives one with another a m●n may easily judge how like in state and fortune they lived the one having occasion to war with the Sabines the other with the Centaurs the one in augmenting the state of Italy and building of Rome the other in delivering all Gréece from tyranny and ●ondage of equal travel both and of like state for then Italy was in Romulus time as Gréece was in Theseus days The next was in Rome Numa Pompilius who for pity to the poor and love toward his Countrey and his gravity and severity in Law making his zeel and religion to the service of their temples in fine for all vertuous doings in all respects was like unto Lycurgus that famous Law maker amongst the Lacedemonians The care that these two Princes had for their friends and countreys were clean contrary to Theseus and Romulus before mentioned as is set forth by Plutarch in his fourth book Lycurgus was not so studious to call the Lacedemonians from vice and sin but Numa was as carefull to instruct the Romans in all goodnesse and vertue so that Rome did bear witnesse of Numa and Sparta of Lycurgus who for their several and sundry Laws their vertuous lives and doings compared by Plutarch they may well for their contempt and neglecting the honors and dignities due to them and for care they had either of them for their people be like one unto the other And even so Publicola did not onely imitate Solon in all points but also translated Solons laws to Rome so that one was counted most sage and wise in Greece the other thought to be most happy in Rome So did Numa also follow Lycurgus in all his doings imitating his laws and orders in Rome What comparison is made between noble Scipio and Hannibal the one defending the state of Rome the other Carthage and either of them in open wars with the other that to read their lives and fortunes about the affairs of their countreys what is it else but to see two noble Captains one like another in magnanimity and courage whose fortunes after many strong and stout services toward their countrey was such that they both were banished Rome and Carthage And as they in life were most like so did they embrace their deaths likewise Even so was that stout Greek Alcibiades which Thucidides most worthily prayseth and M. Cotiolanus that famous Roman compared for the like magnanimity and state of fortune Pericles that renowned Greek and Fabius Maximus the Roman who ruled long in Rome and Athens were likewise noted one to be like another Plutarch in his book entituled The lives o● Emperours compareth Sylla the Roman to Lysander King of Sparta compareth Ser●o●●us to Eumenes and likewise Pompey the gre●t to Agesi●us King of Lacedemonia If respect de duly had to the martial feats and noble acts