Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	place_n	see_v	write_v	2,527	5	4.9978	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51133	Dioptrica nova, A treatise of dioptricks in two parts : wherein the various effects and appearances of spherick glasses, both convex and concave, single and combined, in telescopes and microscopes, together with their usefulness in many concerns of humane life, are explained / by William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq. ...	Molyneux, William, 1656-1698.; Halley, Edmond, 1656-1742.	1692 (1692)	Wing M2405; ESTC R3440	201,330	332

same_o point_n of_o a_o object_n it_o be_v common_o object_v that_o if_o it_o be_v so_o every_o object_n will_v seem_v in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o vide_fw-la gassendi_n epist._n 4._o de_fw-la magnit_fw-la solis_fw-la humilis_fw-la &_o sublimis_fw-la &_o taqueti_n opt._n lib._n 1._o prop._n 2._o thus_o in_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 3._o 3._o if_o the_o eye_n a_o b_o look_v at_o the_o object_n c_o and_o both_o see_v it_o at_o a_o time_n a_o will_v see_v it_o on_o the_o opposite_a wall_n suppose_v at_o e_o and_o b_o at_z d._n i_o be_o so_o far_o from_o think_v this_o a_o objection_n that_o i_o assert_v first_o that_o we_o do_v see_v all_o object_n in_o two_o place_n and_o that_o this_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o we_o upon_o these_o account_n first_o the_o common_a object_n of_o our_o sight_n be_v large_a and_o the_o axe_n of_o our_o eye_n direct_v to_o but_o one_o physical_a point_n thereof_o at_o a_o time_n and_o then_o we_o can_v be_v expect_v to_o see_v such_o in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o for_o when_o i_o read_v on_o a_o flat_a broad_a book_n where_o be_v the_o opposite_a wall_n for_o a_o single_a small_a letter_n to_o be_v see_v on_o at_o two_o place_n the_o letter_n themselves_o be_v fix_v to_o the_o surface_n that_o determine_v the_o sight_n what_o i_o instance_n in_o letter_n on_o a_o book_n may_v be_v accommodate_v to_o most_o other_o object_n second_o there_o be_v few_o object_n dispose_v fit_o for_o show_v we_o that_o we_o see_v they_o in_o two_o place_n for_o either_o their_o bulk_n hinder_v the_o experiment_n from_o appear_v so_o plain_o or_o their_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o or_o from_o the_o eye_n three_o the_o wall_n de_fw-fr and_o the_o part_n thereof_o be_v see_v so_o confuse_o by_o the_o eye_n a_o b_o when_o fix_v on_o c_o that_o we_o can_v so_o clear_o observe_v this_o experiment_n and_o this_o happen_v to_o all_o object_n more_o remote_a or_o nigh_a to_o we_o than_o c_o when_o the_o eye_n be_v fix_v on_o c_o still_a suppose_v that_o itself_o be_v but_o in_o a_o moderate_a distance_n from_o we_o that_o be_v in_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o we_o as_o may_v bear_v some_o considerable_a proportion_n to_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o eye_n from_o each_o other_o four_o the_o chief_a reason_n why_o we_o do_v not_o perceive_v so_o plain_o the_o object_n c_o to_o cover_z both_z d_o and_o e_z be_v because_o though_o d_o be_v cover_v by_o c_o from_o the_o eye_n b_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o cover_v from_o the_o eye_n a_o and_o therefore_o we_o think_v it_o not_o cover_v at_o all_o also_o though_o e_z be_v cover_v by_o c_o from_o the_o eye_n a_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o cover_v from_o the_o eye_n b_o and_o consequent_o because_o we_o see_v e_o though_o but_o with_o one_o eye_n b_o we_o imagine_v it_o not_o cover_v at_o all_o so_o that_o both_o the_o point_n d_o and_o e_o being_n open_v to_o both_o the_o eye_n a_o and_o b_o viz._n the_o point_n d_o to_o the_o eye_n a_o and_o the_o point_n e_o to_o the_o eye_n b_o we_o think_v neither_o of_o they_o cover_v whereas_o real_o they_o be_v both_o obscure_v each_o to_o its_o proper_a eye_n as_o will_v be_v evident_a by_o wink_v and_o from_o hence_o be_v manifest_v the_o falsity_n of_o taquet_n assertion_n in_o the_o forecited_a place_n viz._n that_o open_v both_o eye_n a_o and_o b_o fig._n 3._o and_o look_v at_o c_o it_o shall_v appear_v only_o to_o cover_v e_o he_o imagine_v that_o most_o man_n see_v general_o with_o their_o left_a eye_n whereas_o i_o say_v it_o shall_v appear_v to_o obscure_v neither_o e_z nor_o d_o though_o to_o each_o eye_n respective_o it_o cover_v each_o five_o whereas_o the_o bulk_n of_o object_n as_o i_o have_v note_v do_v hinder_v the_o experiment_n from_o be_v so_o sensible_o evident_a if_o by_o any_o experiment_n i_o can_v show_v how_o a_o large_a object_n may_v be_v double_v i_o think_v it_o will_v be_v sufficient_o plain_a therefore_o in_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 4._o 2._o let_v a_o b_o be_v the_o two_o eye_n before_o which_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n place_n the_o two_o candle_n c_o d_o then_o take_v a_o large_a piece_n of_o paper_n e_o f_o g_o h_n k_n in_o who_o middle_a at_o k_o there_o be_v a_o small_a hole_n this_o paper_n so_o place_n between_o the_o eye_n and_o candle_n that_o the_o eye_n a_o may_v through_o the_o hole_n k_o see_v the_o candle_n d_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o eye_n b_o may_v see_v through_o the_o hole_n k_o the_o candle_n c_o the_o due_a distance_n of_o the_o paper_n that_o be_v requisite_a for_o this_o will_v be_v find_v by_o trial_n and_o wink_v alternate_o with_o the_o eye_n when_o all_o thing_n be_v in_o this_o posture_n open_v both_o eye_n a_o and_o b_o and_o direct_v they_o to_o look_v at_o either_o of_o the_o candle_n i_o say_v the_o hole_n k_o shall_v seem_v double_a and_o what_o be_v prove_v of_o the_o point_n k_o be_v true_a of_o all_o other_o point_n in_o the_o paper_n so_o the_o whole_a paper_n appear_v double_a but_o no_o point_n thereof_o be_v so_o evident_o double_v as_o the_o point_n k_o because_o they_o want_v the_o advantage_n of_o light_n behind_o they_o to_o render_v the_o experiment_n more_o sensible_a and_o upon_o this_o occasion_n i_o can_v but_o hint_n to_o all_o person_n that_o be_v desirous_a to_o make_v experiment_n about_o vision_n that_o they_o always_o employ_v the_o most_o luminous_a and_o vigorous_a object_n they_o can_v possible_o for_o many_o experiment_n will_v be_v evident_a by_o they_o that_o will_v not_o sensible_o succeed_v with_o other_o but_o i_o assert_v second_o that_o unless_o we_o see_v with_o both_o eye_n the_o two_o first_o mention_v experiment_n will_v not_o succeed_v and_o they_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o great_a argument_n that_o can_v be_v produce_v for_o it_o for_o suppose_v in_o fig._n 1._o a_o and_o b_o to_o look_v steadfast_o on_o c_o i_o say_v they_o see_v c_o in_o two_o place_n at_o once_o for_o they_o see_v it_o both_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o d._n for_o it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o see_v c_o between_o two_o d_n as_o to_o see_v it_o at_o two_o place_n at_o once_o and_o this_o i_o will_v declare_v more_o full_o tab._n 41._o fig._n 5._o 5._o suppose_v the_o two_o eye_n a_o and_o b_o fix_v on_o the_o object_n c_o i_o say_v c_o appear_v on_o the_o opposite_a wall_n x_o z_o in_fw-la two_o place_n viz._n at_o e_o and_o f_o though_o neither_o e_z nor_o f_o be_v obscure_v thereby_o for_o the_o forego_n reason_n for_o let_v we_o suppose_v the_o object_n d_o of_o the_o first_o figure_n to_o be_v place_v due_o on_o this_o wall_n shut_v a_o the_o object_n c_o shall_v appear_v to_o b_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o d_o by_o the_o angle_n d_o b_o e_o then_o shut_v b_o the_o object_n c_o shall_v appear_v to_o a_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o d_o by_o the_o angle_n daf_n wherefore_o to_o both_o open_a at_o a_o time_n and_o look_v at_o it_o it_o shall_v appear_v on_o both_o side_n of_o d_o to_z a_o on_o the_o right_a side_n to_z b_o on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o this_o happen_v by_o double_v of_o d_o so_o that_o from_o hence_o this_o paradoxical_a corollary_n arise_v that_o a_o object_n may_v be_v see_v in_o two_o place_n and_o yet_o ●ot_n see_v double_a they_o that_o assert_v that_o we_o see_v but_o with_o one_o eye_n whilst_o the_o other_o be_v idle_a and_o do_v nothing_o assert_v likewise_o that_o all_o visual_a spirit_n recede_v from_o the_o idle_a eye_n and_o only_o supply_v the_o eye_n that_o see_v but_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o eye_n a_o b_o looking_z at_z c_o either_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v say_v destitute_a of_o spirit_n in_o respect_n of_o c_o which_o they_o see_v single_a and_o yet_o both_o replenish_v with_o spirit_n in_o respect_n of_o d_o which_o they_o see_v double_a the_o image_n of_o c_o and_o d_o both_o be_v paint_v on_o the_o retina_fw-la of_o a_o as_o well_o as_o of_o b_o and_o therefore_o a_o and_o b_o both_o be_v replenish_v with_o spirit_n to_o ●ee_z d_o even_o by_o the_o concession_n of_o our_o adversary_n why_o not_o to_o see_v c_o also_o at_o which_o they_o steadfast_o look_v appendix_n whilst_o this_o book_n be_v in_o the_o press_n my_o affair_n be_v such_o that_o i_o can_v not_o attend_v the_o perusal_n and_o correction_n thereof_o but_o therein_o have_v make_v use_n of_o my_o friend_n mr._n e._n halley_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v i_o that_o service_n he_o after_o the_o first_o part_n hereof_o be_v finish_v send_v i_o a_o proposition_n of_o his_o own_o which_o i_o take_v to_o be_v of_o that_o

we_o must_v consider_v that_o these_o labour_v under_o the_o contrary_a defect_n with_o old_a man_n for_o they_o see_v nigh_o object_n distinct_o but_o distant_a object_n confuse_o must_v be_v relieve_v with_o a_o remedy_n of_o a_o contrary_a effect_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v help_v by_o concave-glass_n which_o bring_v the_o ray_n of_o distant_a object_n into_o the_o eye_n as_o if_o they_o be_v nigh_o and_o because_o we_o may_v conceive_v the_o crystallines_n of_o these_o eye_n as_o too_o protuberant_a or_o convex_a therefore_o we_o be_v to_o take_v off_o from_o this_o too_o great_a convexity_n by_o add_v a_o adventitious_a concavity_n but_o then_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o universal_o complain_v of_o by_o those_o who_o be_v thus_o affect_v as_o the_o difficulty_n they_o find_v in_o fit_v proper_a glass_n to_o their_o eye_n for_o the_o removal_n whereof_o the_o follow_a rule_n may_v be_v observe_v first_o that_o for_o view_v distant_a object_n according_a to_o what_o be_v note_v in_o the_o first_o part_n prop._n xlv_o if_o a_o shortsighted_a person_n can_v read_v distinct_o or_o see_v object_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o foot_n from_o his_o naked_a eye_n a_o concave-glass_n who_o virtual-focal-length_n be_v a_o foot_n make_v such_o a_o person_n see_v distant_a object_n distinct_o and_o so_o of_o any_o otherwise_o dispose_v eye_n so_o that_o know_v the_o distance_n at_o which_o a_o purblind_a person_n read_v distinct_o with_o unarmed_a eye_n it_o be_v easy_a by_o the_o doctrine_n in_o the_o first_o part_n to_o assign_v he_o a_o proper_a glass_n for_o his_o eye_n to_o see_v distant_a object_n second_o for_o glass_n proper_a for_o myopes_n to_o read_v by_o or_o to_o see_v object_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a let_v we_o suppose_v eye_n so_o affect_v as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o read_v but_o at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o inch_n and_o that_o we_o desire_v glass_n for_o these_o eye_n to_o read_v by_o at_o the_o ordinary_a distance_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a let_v we_o form_v such_o concave-glass_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o a_o object_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a may_v have_v their_o virtual_a respective_a focus_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o four_o inch_n and_o so_o likewise_o for_o any_o other_o distance_n 102._o all_o which_o be_v easy_o perform_v by_o those_o verse_v in_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o work_n three_o we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o myops_n shall_v require_v different_a glass_n for_o view_v object_n at_o different_a distance_n but_o the_o visive_a faculty_n not_o be_v contain_v within_o such_o strict_a and_o determine_a limitation_n that_o glass_n which_o be_v useful_a at_o a_o object_n a_o hundred_o foot_n distant_a shall_v serve_v likewise_o at_o a_o object_n distant_a fifty_o foot_n but_o then_o it_o be_v not_o so_o helpful_a at_o one_o distant_a five_o foot_n but_o another_o may_v be_v have_v proper_a even_o for_o this_o distance_n and_o not_o so_o useful_a at_o a_o object_n distant_a a_o hundred_o or_o fifty_o foot_n all_o which_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o doctrine_n in_o the_o first_o part._n four_o there_o be_v some_o eye_n so_o ill_o conform_v that_o no_o glass_n whatever_o will_v relieve_v they_o of_o this_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v a_o very_a ingenious_a man_n and_o great_a philosopher_n sir_n william_n petty_a often_o complain_v in_o his_o own_o particular_a but_o then_o this_o proceed_v not_o from_o a_o too_o little_a or_o too_o great_a a_o convexity_n in_o the_o crystalline_a but_o from_o some_o other_o indisposition_n or_o ill_a configuration_n not_o to_o be_v relieve_v by_o glass_n last_o person_n purblind_a labour_n under_o this_o great_a inconvenience_n that_o the_o glass_n which_o relieve_v they_o in_o one_o particular_a do_v hinder_v their_o strong_a vision_n of_o distant_a object_n in_o another_o particular_a for_o as_o concave-glass_n do_v order_v the_o ray_n from_o any_o one_o single_a point_n proper_o to_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o myops_n so_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o diminish_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o whole_a object_n and_o from_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o though_o these_o sort_n of_o eye_n may_v be_v well_o enough_o relieve_v for_o read_v and_o write_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n and_o for_o see_v pretty_a large_a object_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o 100_o 200_o or_o 500_o foot_n yet_o for_o object_n much_o far_o unless_o they_o be_v very_o large_a indeed_o they_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o supply_v 3._o and_o here_o i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n of_o a_o ingenious_a intimation_n of_o mr._n hook_n consider_v to_o who_o the_o world_n be_v certain_o much_o oblige_v for_o his_o curious_a contrivance_n in_o mechanic_n and_o his_o other_o philosophic_a endeavour_n publish_v in_o num._n 3._o of_o the_o philosophical_a collection_n lond._n 1681._o which_o he_o call_v myopibus_fw-la juvamen_fw-la it_o be_v brief_o this_o that_o some_o sort_n of_o shortsighted_a person_n who_o can_v be_v relieve_v by_o concave_a glass_n may_v perhaps_o find_v some_o help_n in_o convex-glass_n their_o eye_n be_v remove_v at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n far_o from_o these_o glass_n than_o their_o distinct_a base_n as_o for_o read_v by_o these_o glass_n the_o book_n must_v be_v invert_v and_o then_o the_o image_n in_o the_o distinct_a base_a shall_v be_v erect_v and_o the_o eye_n shall_v perceive_v it_o erect_v as_o for_o write_v the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a than_o mention_v by_o the_o learned_a author_n for_o the_o myops_n must_v not_o only_o learn_v to_o write_v invert_v but_o also_o retrograde_a viz._n from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o what_o be_v yet_o more_o inconvenient_a from_o the_o bottom_n towards_o the_o top_n of_o the_o page_n which_o be_v hardly_o practicable_a on_o account_n of_o blot_v the_o wet_a write_n as_o for_o view_v distant_a object_n with_o these_o glass_n i_o acknowledge_v with_o the_o ingenious_a author_n that_o much_o of_o the_o disagreableness_n of_o the_o invert_v prospect_n be_v take_v off_o by_o use_n and_o custom_n as_o i_o myself_o have_v experience_v by_o my_o frequent_a use_n of_o invert_v telescope_n but_o yet_o i_o can_v go_v so_o far_o with_o the_o author_n as_o to_o assent_v to_o his_o deduction_n from_o hence_o which_o be_v that_o it_o be_v only_a use_n and_o custom_n that_o make_v we_o judge_v object_n erect_v that_o be_v perceive_v by_o a_o invert_v image_n on_o the_o fund_z of_o the_o eye_n for_o then_o a_o man_n stand_v on_o his_o head_n shall_v judge_v the_o tree_n and_o other_o object_n he_o see_v invert_v which_o no_o one_o in_o his_o sense_n will_v do_v but_o rather_o judge_v what_o be_v right_a viz._n that_o he_o himself_o be_v invert_v whilst_o the_o circumjacent_a object_n continue_v erect_v this_o will_v be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o by_o consider_v the_o case_n of_o a_o adult_n person_n who_o have_v be_v blind_a from_o his_o birth_n and_o now_o sudden_o restore_v to_o his_o sight_n he_o be_v not_o prejudice_v by_o custom_n and_o yet_o doubtless_o will_v judge_v as_o be_v usual_a but_o last_o a_o other_o great_a difficulty_n that_o will_v attend_v the_o use_n of_o these_o spectacle_n for_o myopes_n be_v that_o they_o must_v be_v carry_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o eye_n that_o it_o will_v be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o manage_v they_o commodious_o and_o if_o to_o this_o again_o we_o add_v the_o distance_n requisite_a for_o the_o object_n i_o question_v whether_o some_o man_n arm_n will_v be_v long_o enough_o to_o manage_v a_o pen_n for_o write_v or_o turn_v the_o leave_v of_o a_o book_n i_o have_v be_v the_o long_o on_o this_o proposal_n because_o the_o worthy_a author_n do_v candid_o invite_v all_o to_o communicate_v to_o the_o public_a what_o real_a benefit_n by_o it_o or_o objection_n against_o it_o they_o shall_v find_v 4._o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o the_o way_n of_o adapt_a telescope_n and_o microscope_n to_o defective_a eye_n eye_n which_o be_v briesly_a thus_o a_o telescope_n compose_v of_o a_o convex_a object-glass_n and_o concave_a eye-glass_n be_v apply_v to_o a_o old_a eye_n the_o eye-glass_n may_v be_v a_o little_a far_o remove_v from_o the_o object-glass_n than_o ordinary_o on_o the_o contrary_a in_o such_o a_o telescope_n for_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o myops_n the_o eye-glass_n may_v be_v remove_v a_o little_a nigh_o to_o the_o object-glass_n the_o reason_n hereof_o be_v manifest_a from_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o first_o part._n but_o then_o how_o much_o far_o or_o nigh_o they_o be_v to_o be_v remove_v be_v only_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o experiment_n and_o by_o every_o one_o fit_v the_o glass_n to_o his_o own_o eye_n and_o so_o likewise_o in_o telescope_n compose_v of_o a_o convex_a object-glass_n and_o convex_a eye-glass_n for_o

pliny_n be_v that_o of_o pliny_n lib._n 7._o cap._n 53._o hist._n nat._n wherein_o we_o find_v the_o word_n specillum_fw-la to_o this_o passage_n we_o have_v this_o answer_n in_o the_o forementioned_a letter_n of_o giustiani_fw-la that_o specillum_fw-la can_v possible_o be_v here_o mean_v of_o a_o spectacle-glass_n see_v we_o find_v the_o expression_n inungit_fw-la specillum_fw-la which_o say_v he_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o spectacle_n which_o we_o rather_o wipe_v and_o cleanse_v than_o anoint_v and_o grease_v but_o this_o construction_n of_o the_o learned_a author_n be_v much_o force_v and_o unnatural_a for_o the_o plain_a sense_n of_o that_o passage_n in_o pliny_n be_v this_o pliny_n in_o that_o chapter_n be_v give_v instance_n of_o the_o sudden_a death_n of_o many_o man_n and_o tell_v how_o they_o be_v seize_v whilst_o they_o be_v do_v so_o or_o so_o and_o whole_o thoughtless_a of_o that_o fatal_a moment_n among_o many_o other_o example_n probe_n he_o have_v this_o super_fw-la omnes_fw-la c._n julius_n medice_fw-la dum_fw-la inungit_fw-la specillum_fw-la per_fw-la oculum_fw-la tra●ens_fw-la the_o meaning_n whereof_o be_v no_o more_o than_o that_o the_o physician_n c._n julius_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a seize_v by_o death_n whilst_o he_o be_v apply_v a_o unguent_n to_o his_o patient_n eye_n and_o draw_v his_o probe_n call_v specillum_fw-la through_o it_o whereas_o to_o join_v ●ungit_fw-la and_o specillum_fw-la spoil_v the_o grammatical_a sense_n of_o the_o whole_a and_o render_v it_o unintelligible_a it_o be_v evident_a therefore_o 1300._o that_o from_o neither_o of_o these_o passage_n can_v we_o draw_v any_o argument_n for_o the_o antiquity_n of_o optick-glass_n 4._o wherefore_o see_v we_o must_v necessary_o allow_v this_o invention_n due_a to_o the_o modern_a age_n of_o the_o world_n our_o next_o enquiry_n shall_v be_v where_o first_o to_o fix_v it_o but_o herein_o we_o shall_v find_v but_o faint_a trace_n to_o direct_v we_o mounseur_fw-fr menage_n a_o 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this_o be_v a_o transparent_a glass_n whelm_v over_o the_o vessel_n more_o for_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o nose_n against_o the_o stench_n than_o of_o their_o eye_n but_o however_o we_o may_v doubt_v of_o spectacle_n be_v so_o ancient_a as_o 1150._o we_o may_v 〈…〉_z that_o about_o the_o thirteen_o century_n they_o be_v common_o know_v and_o use_v for_o beside_o what_o we_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o of_o our_o countryman_n friar_n bacon_n the_o most_o learned_a mons._n spon_n in_o his_o recherche_n curieuses_n de_fw-fr antiquitè_fw-fr dissert_n 16._o insert_v a_o letter_n of_o signior_n redi_fw-la to_o paulus_n falconerius_n concern_v the_o time_n when_o spectacle_n be_v invent_v and_o this_o he_o fix_v between_o 1280_o and_o 1311._o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o a_o manuscript_n chronicle_n in_o latin_a in_o the_o library_n of_o the_o friar_n preacher_n of_o st._n katherine_n at_o pisa_n fol._n 16._o wherein_o it_o be_v say_v that_o frater_fw-la alexander_n de_fw-fr spina_n vir_fw-la modestus_fw-la &_o bone_fw-la pretence_n quaeacunque_fw-la vidit_fw-la aut_fw-la audivit_fw-la facta_fw-la scivit_fw-la &_o facere_fw-la ocularia_fw-la ab_fw-la aliquo_fw-la primo_fw-la facta_fw-la &_o communicare_fw-la nolente_fw-la ipse_fw-la fecit_fw-la &_o communicavit_fw-la cord_n hilari_fw-la &_o volente_fw-la and_o this_o alexander_n de_fw-fr spina_n be_v a_o native_a of_o pisa_n and_o die_v there_o an._n 1313._o signor_fw-it redi_fw-la have_v in_o his_o library_n a_o manuscript_n write_v an._n 1299._o authority_n di_fw-it governo_n della_fw-it famiglia_fw-it de_fw-fr scandro_n di_fw-it pipozzo_n in_o which_o there_o be_v this_o passage_n mi_fw-mi truovo_fw-la cosi_fw-it gravoso_fw-it di_fw-it anni_fw-la che_fw-it non_fw-it arei_fw-it valenza_n dii_fw-la leggere_fw-la e_fw-la scrivere_fw-la senza_fw-it vetri_n appellati_fw-la okiali_fw-la truovati_fw-la novellament_fw-it per_fw-la commodità_fw-la delli_fw-it pouveri_fw-la veki_n quando_fw-la affiebolano_fw-it del_fw-it vedere_n thus_o in_o english_a i_o find_v myself_o so_o press_v by_o age_n that_o i_o can_v neither_o read_v or_o write_v without_o those_o glass_n they_o call_v spectacle_n late_o invent_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o poor_a old_a man_n when_o their_o sight_n grow_v weak_a the_o italian_a dictionary_n authority_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr crusca_n on_o the_o word_n occhiale_n make_v this_o remark_n that_o friar_n jordan_n de_fw-fr rivalto_n who_o die_v at_o pisa_n an._n 1311._o in_o a_o book_n of_o sermon_n which_o he_o write_v an._n 1305._o tell_v his_o auditory_a in_o one_o of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v not_o twenty_o year_n since_o the_o art_n of_o make_v spectacle_n be_v find_v out_o and_o be_v indeed_o one_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o necessary_a invention_n in_o the_o world_n about_o the_o same_o time_n viz._n 1305._o gordon_n bernard_n gordon_n a_o famous_a physician_n of_o montpelier_n in_o his_o lilium_fw-la medicinae_fw-la thus_o commend_v a_o certain_a eyesalve_n et_fw-la est_fw-la tantea_fw-la virtutis_fw-la quod_fw-la decrepitum_fw-la faceret_fw-la legere_fw-la literas_fw-la minutas_fw-la absque_fw-la ocularibus_fw-la and_o an._n 1363._o guido_n de_fw-fr chauliac_n chaveiac_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v grand_a chiruigery_n after_o propose_v several_a collyria_fw-la say_v if_o these_o or_o the_o like_a will_v not_o do_v you_o must_v make_v use_n of_o spectacle_n from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v be_v pretty_a certain_a that_o spectacle_n be_v well_o know_v in_o the_o 13_o century_n and_o not_o much_o before_o but_o who_o the_o happy_a man_n be_v that_o first_o hirt_n upon_o this_o lucky_a thought_n may_v yet_o be_v question_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o if_o we_o credit_v the_o forementioned_a chronicle_n of_o the_o convent_n at_o pisa_n friar_n spina_n make_v as_o fair_a a_o challenge_n to_o the_o invention_n as_o the_o first_o author_n who_o refuse_v to_o communicate_v it_o but_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o believe_v that_o whoever_o this_o close_a man_n be_v that_o will_v not_o impart_v to_o spina_n he_o be_v a_o friar_n and_o that_o these_o monkish_a man_n and_o jordan_n among_o the_o rest_n have_v this_o invention_n whisper_v among_o themselves_o before_o it_o be_v public_a and_o that_o they_o all_o have_v the_o first_o hint_n thereof_o from_o our_o countryman_n friar_n roger_n bacon_n 5_o that_o this_o learned_a friar_n bacon_n who_o die_v an._n 1292._o 〈…〉_z and_o lie_v bury_v at_o oxford_n do_v perfect_o well_o understand_v all_o sort_n of_o optick-glass_n shall_v be_v plain_o make_v out_o from_o the_o natural_a and_o easy_a sense_n of_o his_o own_o word_n in_o his_o book_n of_o perspective_n whereby_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o he_o not_o only_o understand_v the_o effect_n of_o single_a convex_a and_o concave-glass_n but_o know_v likewise_o the_o way_n of_o combine_v they_o so_o as_o to_o compose_v some_o such_o instrument_n as_o our_o telescope_n this_o perhaps_o will_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o great_a paradox_n and_o as_o great_a partiality_n in_o a_o english_a author_n to_o his_o countryman_n especial_o consider_v how_o universal_o the_o contrary_n have_v prevail`d_v the_o vote_n of_o most_o learned_a man_n have_v confer_v the_o honour_n of_o this_o invention_n on_o other_o pretender_n but_o if_o from_o the_o unconstrained_a word_n of_o his_o book_n we_o plain_o make_v out_o this_o assertion_n i_o hope_v the_o attempt_n may_v not_o be_v count_v unreasonable_a or_o partial_a and_o first_o in_o his_o book_n of_o perspective_n part_v iii_o dis._n 2._o c._n 3._o he_o have_v these_o word_n si_fw-la vero_fw-la corpora_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la plana_fw-la have_v treat_v of_o they_o before_o per_fw-la quae_fw-la visus_fw-la videt_fw-la sed_fw-la sphaerica_fw-la tunc_fw-la est_fw-la magna_fw-la diversitas_fw-la nam_fw-la vel_fw-la concavitas_fw-la corporis_fw-la est_fw-la versus_fw-la oculum_fw-la vel_fw-la convexitas_fw-la etc._n etc._n by_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a he_o know_v what_o a_o concave_a and_o convex-glass_n be_v moreover_o in_o the_o same_o place_n dis._n ult_n he_o proceed_v thus_o de_fw-fr visione_n fractâ_fw-la majora_fw-la sunt_fw-la nam_fw-la de_fw-la facili_fw-la patet_fw-la maxima_fw-la posse_fw-la apparere_fw-la minima_fw-la &_o è_fw-la contra_fw-la &_o longè_fw-la distantia_fw-la