christian_n who_o will_v espouse_v no_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n not_o that_o they_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sect_n that_o can_v discern_v all_o truth_n nor_o any_o but_o what_o hold_v something_o that_o be_v true_a wherefore_o to_o collect_v truth_n thus_o scatter_v and_o through_o so_o many_o sect_n disperse_v into_o one_o body_n this_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o deliver_v a_o doctrine_n true_o christian_n thus_o think_v justin_n martyr_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o of_o his_o apologetick_n the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v they_o altogether_o the_o same_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n poet_n or_o historian_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v some_o impress_n of_o reason_n see_v in_o part_n what_o be_v consentaneous_a thereunto_o and_o so_o far_o they_o say_v what_o be_v right_a for_o those_o very_a manner_n 3._o ep._n 96._o de_fw-fr ver_fw-la rel_n c._n 3._o say_v st._n augustin_n which_o cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v both_o teach_v and_o learn_v in_o all_o our_o church_n now_o flourish_v through_o the_o world_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o platonist_n 11._o de_fw-fr conf._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o lib._n 8._o c._n 11._o he_o say_v that_o some_o few_o thing_n be_v correct_v they_o may_v pass_v for_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n and_o ancient_a christian_n dissent_v from_o aristotle_n in_o this_o that_o he_o place_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o virtue_n in_o a_o mediocrity_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o place_v drive_v he_o to_o this_o that_o he_o compact_a two_o several_a virtue_n namely_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n into_o one_o and_o give_v unto_o truth_n two_o opposite_n not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o namely_o vain-boasting_a and_o dissimulation_n and_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o vice_n upon_o some_o thing_n either_o not_o exist_v or_o which_o of_o themselves_o be_v no_o vice_n as_o the_o contempt_n of_o pleasure_n and_o honour_n and_o a_o vacuity_n of_o anger_n against_o man_n but_o that_o this_o foundation_n of_o he_o if_o take_v universal_o be_v not_o right_o lay_v will_v appear_v even_o from_o justice_n itself_o who_o opposite_n be_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a when_o he_o can_v not_o find_v in_o the_o affection_n and_o their_o subsequent_a action_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o seek_v for_o both_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o about_o which_o justice_n be_v conversant_a which_o very_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o leap_v from_o one_o genus_fw-la to_o another_o which_o he_o deserve_o blame_v in_o other_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v our_o due_n may_v have_v somewhat_o of_o 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which_o can_v be_v elsewhere_o learned_a which_o notwithstanding_o contrary_a to_o what_o some_o have_v do_v i_o have_v distinguish_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n counsel_n a_o great_a sanctity_n require_v by_o the_o gospel_n thâ—n_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n precept_n distinguish_v from_o counsel_n be_v most_o assure_v that_o in_o that_o most_o holy_a law_n a_o great_a sanctity_n be_v command_v than_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v of_o itself_o require_v neither_o have_v i_o omit_v to_o observe_v what_o be_v rather_o commend_v unto_o we_o than_o command_v that_o so_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o to_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v command_v be_v impiety_n and_o render_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n but_o eager_o to_o aspire_v to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o excellent_a as_o it_o argue_v a_o noble_a and_o generous_a mind_n so_o shall_v it_o not_o want_v its_o due_a reward_n ecclesiastical_a canon_n ecclesiastical_a synodical_a canon_n if_o they_o 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never_o note_v for_o any_o great_a error_n for_o even_o these_o man_n also_o ought_v to_o be_v have_v in_o good_a esteem_n as_o to_o what_o with_o great_a asseveration_n they_o affirm_v and_o have_v find_v out_o to_o be_v true_a in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o such_o place_n of_o scripture_n as_o seem_v to_o be_v obscure_a and_o the_o more_o by_o how_o much_o both_o their_o consent_n be_v the_o great_a and_o they_o draw_v near_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o purity_n long_o before_o any_o supremacy_n be_v usurp_v or_o any_o sect_n or_o faction_n know_v to_o adulterate_a the_o primitive_a truth_n the_o schoolman_n that_o succeed_v to_o these_o schoolman_n the_o schoolman_n do_v often_o show_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o wit_n but_o they_o happen_v to_o live_v in_o very_o unhappy_a time_n be_v altogether_o ignorant_a of_o good_a art_n no_o marvel_v then_o if_o among_o many_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o their_o write_n commendable_a there_o be_v some_o that_o be_v pardonable_a and_o yet_o when_o they_o agree_v in_o matter_n of_o morality_n they_o seldom_o err_v be_v very_o quick-sighted_a to_o discern_v what_o in_o the_o say_n of_o other_o man_n be_v to_o be_v reprove_v and_o yet_o even_o in_o this_o very_a endeavour_n of_o they_o to_o defend_v their_o diverse_a opinion_n they_o furnish_v we_o with_o great_a example_n of_o modesty_n while_o they_o contend_v among_o themselves_o with_o reason_n and_o argument_n and_o not_o as_o the_o custom_n now_o begin_v to_o deface_v our_o book_n with_o reproach_n the_o spurious_a issue_n of_o weak_a and_o effeminate_a mind_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n the_o first_o be_v they_o who_o pain_n appear_v in_o the_o pandect_a constitution_n the_o sort_n of_o lawyer_n 1._o the_o pandect_a 2._o code_o 3._o novel_a constitution_n the_o code_o of_o theodosius_n and_o justinian_n and_o in_o the_o novel_a constitution_n the_o second_o sort_n be_v they_o who_o succeed_v to_o irnerius_n as_o acursius_n bartolus_n and_o many_o more_o who_o at_o that_o time_n govern_v the_o court_n of_o justice_n the_o three_o sort_n be_v of_o those_o who_o join_v humane_a learning_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n to_o the_o first_o i_o confess_v i_o owe_v much_o as_o well_o for_o the_o solidity_n of_o their_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o which_o appertain_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o for_o the_o testimony_n they_o often_o give_v both_o to_o that_o law_n and_o not_o much_o less_o to_o that_o of_o nation_n yet_o so_o that_o even_o they_o as_o well_o as_o other_o do_v often_o use_v these_o name_n promiscuous_o misapply_v that_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v in_o force_n but_o among_o some_o people_n only_o and_o that_o not_o by_o any_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o because_o they_o take_v it_o one_o from_o another_o by_o imitation_n or_o by_o chance_n yea_o and_o even_o those_o thing_n that_o belong_v true_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o ofttimes_o handle_v confuse_o and_o indiscreet_o with_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o roman_a law_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o captive_n and_o postliminy_n to_o distinguish_v these_o i_o have_v take_v great_a pain_n the_o second_o sort_n sort_n second_o sort_n regardless_o of_o the_o divine_a law_n and_o ancient_a history_n endeavour_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o king_n or_o people_n out_o of_o the_o roman_a law_n assume_v some_o thing_n from_o the_o ecclesiastical_a canon_n but_o these_o also_o be_v often_o frustrate_v by_o the_o infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v never_o attain_v to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o those_o law_n although_o otherwise_o acute_a enough_o to_o search_v into_o the_o nature_n of_o what_o be_v good_a and_o right_a whereby_o they_o often_o become_v good_a lawmaker_n though_o not_o so_o good_a expositor_n of_o law_n already_o make_v these_o therefore_o be_v then_o to_o be_v hearken_v unto_o when_o they_o give_v testimony_n to_o such_o a_o custom_n as_o now_o pass_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n sort_n three_o sort_n but_o of_o those_o of_o the_o three_o form_n who_o confine_v themselves_o whole_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n and_o never_o or_o at_o least_o very_a seldom_o expatiate_v into_o that_o law_n that_o be_v common_a there_o be_v but_o very_o little_a use_n to_o be_v make_v to_o our_o purpose_n these_o man_n have_v join_v their_o school-subtlety_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n and_o canon_n abstain_v not_o from_o the_o decide_n of_o all_o controversy_n between_o king_n and_o people_n among_o who_o be_v two_o spaniard_n namely_o covarruvia_n and_o vasquius_fw-la this_o latter_a use_v great_a boldness_n the_o former_a much_o more_o modesty_n and_o not_o without_o sound_a judgement_n the_o french_a choose_v rather_o to_o intersert_n history_n with_o the_o study_n of_o the_o law_n the_o chief_a whereof_o be_v bodine_n and_o hottoman_n the_o former_a in_o a_o continue_a treatise_n the_o latter_a in_o some_o scatter_a question_n who_o judgement_n and_o reason_n will_v often_o supply_v we_o with_o matter_n to_o find_v out_o the_o truth_n especial_o three_o thing_n the_o author_n propose_v to_o himself_o especial_o in_o this_o whole_a treatise_n i_o chief_o propose_v to_o myself_o three_o thing_n first_o to_o make_v the_o reason_n of_o my_o definition_n as_o evident_a as_o i_o can_v second_o to_o dispose_v the_o thing_n i_o be_o to_o treat_v of_o into_o a_o certain_a order_n and_o method_n and_o three_o clear_o to_o distinguish_v those_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o but_o be_v not_o i_o have_v purposely_o abstain_v from_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o another_o treatise_n as_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o teach_v we_o what_o be_v of_o common_a use_n to_o be_v do_v because_o these_o have_v a_o art_n
afterward_o to_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o peace_n and_o to_o all_o covenant_n or_o agreement_n make_v in_o war_n which_o appear_v for_o this_o reason_n to_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n because_o as_o i_o have_v say_v no_o man_n have_v ever_o yet_o treat_v upon_o this_o subject_n and_o they_o that_o have_v handle_v the_o part_n of_o it_o have_v leave_v very_o much_o to_o other_o man_n industry_n there_o be_v nothing_o of_o this_o subject_a extant_a from_o the_o old_a philosopher_n neither_o of_o the_o grecian_n among_o who_o aristotle_n indeed_o have_v compose_v a_o book_n entitle_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o right_n of_o war_n nor_o among_o the_o christian_n which_o yet_o be_v a_o work_n very_o desiderable_a nay_o of_o those_o book_n write_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n concern_v their_o fecial_a law_n there_o be_v nothing_o traduce_v unto_o we_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n they_o that_o collect_v the_o sum_n of_o such_o case_n as_o they_o call_v case_n of_o conscience_n have_v as_o of_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o of_o war_n of_o promise_n of_o oath_n and_o of_o reprizal_n write_v whole_a chapter_n i_o have_v also_o see_v some_o special_a book_n write_v of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n partly_o by_o divine_n as_o by_o franciscus_n de_fw-fr victoria_n henricus_fw-la gorichemus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la mathaeus_n johannes_n de_fw-fr carthagena_n and_o partly_o by_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n as_o by_o johannes_n lupus_n franciscus_n arius_n johannes_n de_fw-fr lignano_n and_o martinus_n laudensis_n but_o on_o so_o copious_a a_o argument_n they_o all_o of_o they_o say_v but_o very_o little_a and_o most_o of_o they_o so_o that_o they_o have_v confound_v thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thing_n appertain_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n thing_n due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o thing_n due_a by_o the_o civil_a and_o canon_n law_n mix_v they_o altogether_o without_o either_o order_n or_o distinction_n but_o what_o all_o these_o be_v most_o defective_a in_o namely_o the_o light_n of_o history_n the_o most_o learned_a faber_n in_o some_o chapter_n of_o his_o semestria_fw-la but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o conduce_v to_o his_o purpose_n and_o allege_v testimony_n only_o have_v endeavove_v to_o supply_v so_o also_o do_v balthasar_n ayala_n but_o somewhat_o more_o full_o and_o albertus_n gentilis_fw-la yet_o more_o full_o than_o ayala_n who_o labour_n as_o i_o know_v they_o may_v be_v helpful_a to_o other_o and_o confess_v have_v be_v to_o i_o so_o what_o may_v be_v want_v in_o he_o either_o in_o the_o way_n of_o teach_v or_o in_o his_o method_n or_o in_o distinguish_v of_o question_n and_o of_o the_o kind_n of_o diverse_a law_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o reader_n judgement_n this_o only_a i_o shall_v say_v that_o in_o his_o decision_n of_o controversy_n he_o usual_o follow_v either_o some_o few_o example_n not_o altogether_o to_o be_v allow_v or_o he_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o some_o modern_a lawyer_n in_o their_o answer_n many_o whereof_o be_v frame_v in_o favour_n to_o their_o client_n more_o than_o to_o the_o nature_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n the_o cause_n that_o render_v a_o war_n either_o just_a or_o unjust_a be_v not_o by_o ayala_n so_o much_o as_o touch_v gentilis_fw-la have_v indeed_o describe_v some_o general_a head_n in_o such_o a_o way_n as_o please_v himself_o but_o many_o place_n of_o such_o controversy_n as_o be_v both_o noble_a and_o very_a frequent_a he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o glance_v at_o now_o lest_o any_o such_o shall_v escape_v we_o we_o have_v adventure_v to_o discover_v the_o very_a foundation_n whereupon_o we_o may_v build_v our_o judgement_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v easy_a to_o decide_v any_o such_o question_n as_o shall_v happen_v by_o we_o to_o be_v omit_v law_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n how_o prove_v and_o how_o distinguish_v from_o other_o law_n it_o remain_v now_o that_o we_o brief_o declare_v by_o who_o assistance_n and_o with_o what_o care_n we_o undertake_v this_o work_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n my_o care_n be_v to_o refer_v the_o proof_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o such_o notion_n as_o be_v so_o certain_a and_o undoubted_o true_a that_o no_o man_n without_o wrong_v his_o own_o judgement_n can_v deny_v they_o for_o the_o principle_n of_o that_o law_n if_o right_o observe_v be_v as_o plain_a and_o evident_a of_o themselves_o almost_o as_o those_o we_o discern_v with_o our_o outward_a sense_n which_o if_o our_o organ_n be_v right_o dispose_v and_o other_o thing_n thereunto_o necessary_a not_o want_v can_v deceive_v we_o therefore_o euripides_n bring_v in_o polynices_n assert_v the_o righteousness_n of_o his_o own_o cause_n thus_o these_o thing_n be_v plain_a and_o regular_o due_a both_o learned_a and_o unlearned_a must_v confess_v be_v true_a whereunto_o he_o present_o add_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o chorus_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o barbarian_n consist_v all_o of_o woman_n acknowledge_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o polynices_n have_v say_v the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n bring_v in_o hermione_n say_v we_o live_v not_o like_o barbarian_n here_o i_o trow_v whereunto_o andromache_n answer_v yet_o what_o with_o they_o be_v ill_o with_o we_o be_v so_o for_o the_o proof_n also_o of_o this_o law_n i_o have_v likewise_o produce_v the_o testimony_n of_o philosopher_n historian_n poet_n and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n orator_n not_o that_o they_o be_v all_o either_o equal_o or_o rash_o to_o be_v believe_v for_o they_o speak_v many_o thing_n in_o favour_n to_o their_o own_o sect_n and_o to_o the_o argument_n or_o cause_n they_o undertake_v to_o defend_v but_o that_o which_o many_o wise_a man_n live_v in_o several_a age_n and_o in_o several_a place_n do_v all_o of_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v true_a and_o certain_a that_o i_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o some_o universal_a cause_n which_o in_o these_o question_n bring_v by_o we_o can_v be_v no_o other_o than_o either_o some_o inference_n direct_o draw_v from_o the_o very_a principle_n of_o nature_n or_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o nation_n the_o former_a show_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o latter_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n the_o difference_n between_o these_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o testimony_n themselves_o distinguish_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n how_o distinguish_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n be_v every_o where_n by_o writer_n promiscuous_o use_v but_o by_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o matter_n for_o that_o which_o can_v be_v deduce_v from_o certain_a principle_n by_o certain_a and_o conclude_a argument_n and_o yet_o every_o where_o appear_v to_o be_v observe_v we_o may_v conclude_v have_v its_o rise_n or_o beginning_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n and_o therefore_o i_o alone_o have_v endeavour_v to_o distinguish_v these_o two_o not_o only_o one_o from_o another_o but_o both_o of_o they_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n so_o also_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n right_a in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n that_o which_o be_v perfect_o right_a distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o have_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a i_o have_v distinguish_v that_o which_o be_v true_o and_o in_o every_o respect_n right_o from_o that_o which_o have_v only_o get_v a_o certain_a outward_a effect_n like_o unto_o that_o of_o primitive_a right_n namely_o that_o it_o may_v not_o lawful_o be_v resist_v or_o that_o it_o ought_v every_o where_o to_o be_v defend_v even_o by_o public_a force_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o profit_n or_o that_o some_o great_a inconvenience_n may_v be_v eschew_v which_o how_o necessary_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v will_v appear_v in_o the_o contexture_n of_o this_o ensue_a treatise_n nor_o have_v i_o be_v less_o careful_a to_o distinguish_v between_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v right_o strict_o and_o proper_o take_v whence_o arise_v the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n and_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o account_v because_o to_o do_v otherwise_o will_v be_v repugnant_a to_o some_o other_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n of_o which_o diversity_n of_o right_n we_o have_v say_v somewhat_o already_o both_o here_o and_o above_o commend_v aristotle_n commend_v among_o philosopher_n aristotle_n deserve_o claim_v the_o pre-eminence_n whether_o we_o consider_v the_o order_n of_o his_o treatise_n his_o acute_a distinction_n or_o the_o strength_n and_o weight_n of_o his_o reason_n only_o i_o wish_v that_o this_o principality_n of_o he_o have_v not_o for_o some_o age_n past_a degenerate_v into_o tyranny_n so_o that_o truth_n for_o the_o discovery_n whereof_o aristotle_n take_v so_o great_a pain_n find_v no_o great_a oppressor_n than_o the_o very_a name_n of_o aristotle_n ay_o as_o well_o here_o as_o elsewhere_o do_v challenge_n to_o myself_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o ancient_a
man_n enjoy_v his_o own_o paneg._n paneg._n so_o say_v pliny_n the_o empire_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v much_o great_a than_o his_o private_a patrimony_n now_o there_o be_v common_o two_o thing_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o empire_n first_o person_n which_o alone_o sometime_o suffice_v as_o in_o a_o army_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n seek_v new_a plantation_n second_o land_n which_o be_v call_v territory_n and_o although_o both_o empire_n and_o dominion_n be_v usual_o gain_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a so_o we_o find_v in_o apollodorus_n that_o the_o land_n as_o well_o in_o arcadia_n as_o in_o attica_n be_v divide_v yet_o the_o empire_n remain_v in_o one_o only_a and_o therefore_o although_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n of_o thing_n do_v usual_o pass_v not_o to_o subject_n only_o but_o sometime_o to_o stranger_n yet_o may_v the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v where_o it_o be_v before_o siculus_n in_o the_o book_n that_o he_o write_v concern_v the_o condition_n of_o land_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o their_o own_o colony_n be_v insufficient_a they_o that_o take_v the_o care_n to_o assign_v and_o divide_v the_o land_n do_v apportion_n to_o such_o of_o their_o citizen_n as_o come_v afterward_o such_o field_n as_o they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a possession_n but_o leave_v the_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o unto_o those_o who_o the_o territory_n be_v demosthenes_n call_v those_o field_n which_o lie_v within_o their_o own_o territory_n inheritance_n but_o those_o that_o lay_v in_o another_o possession_n only_o v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o possess_v thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v but_o in_o a_o place_n who_o empire_n be_v already_o possess_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v anticipate_v as_o we_o say_v above_o for_o this_o right_n proceed_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n rather_o permit_v it_o than_o command_v that_o it_o be_v always_o lawful_a neither_o indeed_o do_v humane_a society_n require_v it_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n seem_v to_o justify_v it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o although_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o common_o be_v or_o have_v be_v so_o receive_v yet_o do_v it_o never_o amount_v to_o a_o compact_a or_o general_a argument_n among_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o be_v rather_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o many_o nation_n distribute_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v by_o any_o particular_a nation_n be_v reject_v as_o indeed_o there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o our_o civil_a lawyer_n seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n vi_o upon_o what_o right_a the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n be_v ground_v this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o no_o right_a of_o propriety_n can_v be_v admit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o common_a good_a do_v indulge_v this_o favour_n unto_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n that_o they_o may_v lawful_o receive_v and_o retain_v the_o propriety_n of_o thing_n all_o mankind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n favour_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sustain_v their_o person_n for_o humane_a law_n may_v constitute_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v preternatural_a but_o not_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n of_o dominion_n that_o in_o favour_n to_o such_o be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n thus_o introduce_v may_v haply_o consist_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o dominion_n which_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v thing_n in_o propriety_n but_o not_o with_o the_o second_o act_n which_o be_v free_o and_o voluntary_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o by_o themselves_o without_o a_o guardian_n for_o as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o alienation_n and_o the_o like_a because_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o imply_v the_o act_n of_o a_o will_n guide_v with_o reason_n which_o infant_n and_o madman_n have_v not_o therefore_o do_v not_o the_o law_n permit_v these_o act_n unto_o they_o whereunto_o the_o apostle_n allude_v gal._n 4.1_o 4.1_o gal._n 4.1_o the_o pupil_n though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o inheritance_n yet_o during_o his_o nonage_n be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o use_n and_o free_a exercise_n of_o his_o right_n we_o have_v heretofore_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o shall_v now_o complete_a vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v possess_v in_o our_o own_o proper_a right_n river_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n though_o neither_o the_o water_n above_o nor_o beneath_o be_v include_v within_o our_o territory_n but_o do_v co-here_a with_o both_o or_o with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v they_o we_o that_o their_o great_a part_n that_o be_v their_o bank_n on_o both_o side_n wherein_o they_o be_v include_v be_v we_o and_o that_o that_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v be_v but_o a_o small_a thing_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v so_o but_o by_o this_o it_o shall_v also_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v have_v be_v hold_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o on_o both_o side_n possess_v the_o shore_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v open_a above_o as_o a_o gulf_n or_o both_o above_o and_o below_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o they_o now_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o any_o one_o king_n or_o people_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_a to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o case_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o possess_v the_o sea_n run_v alike_o between_o they_o so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o great_a river_n glide_v between_o two_o territory_n occupy_v by_o both_o at_o first_o but_o at_o last_o divide_v ix_o not_o so_o of_o old_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o former_a age_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o one_o people_n shall_v challenge_v any_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v that_o when_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o limitation_n for_o what_o the_o latin_n render_v in_o these_o word_n omnium_fw-la commune_fw-la the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o theophilus_n expound_v by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n as_o open_v and_o free_a for_o all_o man_n as_o the_o air._n and_o so_o do_v celsus_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o all_o man_n alike_o common_a beside_o civilian_n do_v manifest_o distinguish_v the_o public_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v river_n from_o those_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n for_o so_o we_o read_v in_o the_o constitution_n that_o some_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o and_o some_o thing_n be_v public_a by_o natural_a right_n these_o thing_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o all_o the_o air_n run_v water_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n adjoin_v but_o all_o river_n and_o port_n be_v public_a the_o very_a same_o also_o we_o read_v in_o theophilus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o sea_n coast_n neratius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o public_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n but_o as_o those_o which_o nature_n at_o the_o first_o discover_v but_o be_v never_o since_o in_o the_o occupancy_n of_o any_o no_o not_o of_o any_o one_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v that_o of_o celsus_n who_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v extend_v itself_o there_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n but_o the_o sea_n as_o
that_o we_o suffer_v for_o the_o evil_a that_o we_o do_v and_o though_o hard_a labour_n be_v sometime_o impose_v upon_o some_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n yet_o this_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o pain_n and_o trouble_n that_o accompany_v those_o work_n and_o may_v therefore_o fit_o be_v refer_v to_o passion_n as_o for_o those_o inconvenience_n which_o some_o man_n suffer_v without_o any_o sin_n commit_v as_o by_o some_o contagious_a disease_n or_o as_o be_v maim_v or_o for_o some_o uncleanness_n to_o be_v debar_v the_o society_n of_o man_n or_o to_o be_v make_v uncapable_a of_o some_o office_n or_o function_n many_o whereof_o we_o may_v read_v of_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n these_o be_v not_o proper_o punishment_n though_o for_o some_o resemblance_n they_o have_v with_o they_o and_o by_o the_o abuse_n of_o the_o word_n they_o be_v so_o call_v among_o those_o thing_n that_o natural_a instinct_n tell_v we_o be_v lawful_a and_o not_o unjust_a this_o be_v one_o ut_fw-la malum_fw-la qui_fw-la facit_fw-la malum_fw-la ferat_fw-la that_o he_o that_o do_v evil_a shall_v suffer_v evil_a which_o philosopher_n do_v reckon_v as_o the_o most_o ancient_a and_o most_o perfect_a rule_n of_o justice_n or_o as_o one_o of_o the_o law_n of_o radamanthus_n yea_o so_o ancient_a and_o indubitable_a that_o plato_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o say_v that_o neither_o the_o god_n nor_o good_a man_n dare_v ever_o say_v otherwise_o but_o that_o he_o that_o do_v wrong_a deserve_v to_o suffer_v for_o it_o plutarch_n make_v justice_n one_o of_o god_n immediate_a attendant_n who_o offer_n it_o be_v to_o revenge_v all_o affront_v do_v to_o the_o divine_a law_n which_o all_o man_n do_v natural_o make_v use_n of_o against_o all_o man_n as_o be_v fellow_n citizen_n and_o hierax_n describe_v justice_n by_o that_o which_o be_v its_o principal_a office_n namely_o to_o hurt_v those_o who_o have_v first_o hurt_v other_o and_o hierocles_n call_v justice_n the_o only_a cure_n for_o wickedness_n as_o if_o no_o satisfaction_n can_v be_v make_v for_o wrong_n do_v but_o by_o sufferance_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n that_o so_o powerful_o restrain_v we_o from_o sin_n as_o the_o apprehension_n of_o some_o just_a punishment_n 17._o lactantius_n de_fw-fr ira_fw-la dei_fw-la c._n 17._o we_o be_v therefore_o very_o irrational_a when_o we_o blame_v either_o god_n or_o man_n for_o their_o severity_n to_o we_o when_o we_o be_v punish_v non_fw-la enim_fw-la nocens_fw-la dicendus_fw-la qui_fw-la nocentes_fw-la afficit_fw-la poena_fw-la for_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o punish_v but_o he_o that_o deserve_v punishment_n that_o which_o we_o suffer_v be_v just_a because_o that_o which_o we_o do_v be_v unjust_a omnis_fw-la poena_fw-la si_fw-la justa_fw-la est_fw-la peccati_fw-la poena_fw-la est_fw-la every_o just_a punishment_n say_v st._n aug._n aug._n aug._n must_v necessary_o refer_v to_o some_o crime_n which_o be_v true_a even_o of_o those_o that_o be_v inflict_v by_o god_n himself_o though_o sometime_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o ignorance_n latet_fw-la culpa_fw-la ubi_fw-la non_fw-la latet_fw-la poena_fw-la the_o judgement_n flame_v out_o when_o the_o sin_n lie_v smother_v ii_o it_o appertain_v to_o commutative_a justice_n but_o whether_o it_o appertain_v to_o distributive_a or_o commutative_a justice_n divers_a man_n be_v of_o divers_a opinion_n some_o think_v that_o they_o that_o offend_v most_o be_v punish_v most_o and_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a and_o because_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o whole_a on_o a_o part_n therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o attributive_a justice_n but_o whereas_o in_o the_o first_o place_n they_o say_v that_o this_o branch_n of_o justice_n take_v place_n only_o where_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n to_o be_v assign_v between_o term_n more_o than_o two_o that_o this_o hold_v not_o always_o true_a we_o have_v already_o show_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n beside_o that_o they_o that_o sin_v most_o be_v punish_v most_o and_o they_o that_o offend_v least_o be_v least_o punish_v this_o fall_v out_o by_o consequence_n only_o and_o be_v not_o primary_o and_o of_o itself_o intend_v for_o that_o which_o be_v simple_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n intend_v be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o offence_n and_o the_o punishment_n whereof_o horace_n thus_o why_o do_v not_o reason_n weight_n and_o measure_n frame_v that_o every_o sin_n may_v have_v its_o proper_a pain_n adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irrogat_fw-la aequas_fw-la nec_fw-la scutica_fw-la dignum_fw-la horribili_fw-la sectêre_fw-la flagello_fw-la whereunto_o we_o may_v refer_v also_o that_o of_o deut._n 25.2_o 3._o 3._o deut._n 25_o 2_o 3._o where_o the_o judge_n be_v command_v to_o see_v the_o malefector_n beat_v with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o stripe_n according_a to_o his_o crime_n iniquum_fw-la erit_fw-la si_fw-la aequaliter_fw-la irascatur_fw-la inaequalibus_fw-la 6._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 11._o 6._o to_o punish_v all_o sin_n equal_o be_v very_o unjust_a say_v seneca_n for_o as_o the_o scholiast_n upon_o horace_n observe_v if_o we_o inflict_v the_o great_a punishment_n upon_o the_o small_a crime_n it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o the_o great_a will_v remain_v either_o in_o part_n unpunished_a or_o some_o new_a punishment_n must_v be_v invent_v neither_o be_v that_o much_o true_a which_o they_o say_v that_o all_o punishment_n do_v proceed_v from_o the_o whole_a to_o its_o part_n 1_o see_v beneath_o sect._n 28._o 32._o and_o book_n 3._o c._n 11._o sect._n 1_o as_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o we_o shall_v say_v hereafter_o beside_o the_o true_a intent_n and_o reason_n of_o distributive_a justice_n proper_o consist_v neither_o in_o such_o a_o equality_n nor_o in_o the_o procession_n of_o the_o whole_a to_o its_o part_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o in_o the_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o fitness_n and_o aptitude_n of_o the_o delinquent_n to_o such_o a_o punishment_n which_o do_v not_o infer_v any_o right_n thereunto_o strict_o take_v but_o be_v only_a preparative_n as_o give_v occasion_n unto_o it_o for_o although_o he_o that_o be_v punish_v aught_o to_o be_v worthy_a of_o punishment_n yet_o may_v we_o not_o hence_o infer_v that_o he_o must_v necessary_o undergo_v whatsoever_o distributive_a justice_n may_v impose_v upon_o he_o neither_o do_v they_o that_o refer_v the_o punishment_n of_o delinquent_n to_o commutative_a justice_n extricate_v themselves_o any_o better_a for_o they_o consider_v the_o matter_n so_o as_o if_o punishment_n be_v due_a to_o a_o malefactor_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o thing_n be_v usual_o due_a upon_o contract_n that_o which_o deceive_v these_o man_n be_v the_o vulgar_a manner_n of_o speak_v whereby_o we_o say_v that_o punishment_n be_v due_a to_o a_o malefactor_n which_o be_v very_o improper_a for_o he_o to_o who_o any_o thing_n be_v proper_o due_a have_v a_o right_a against_o he_o from_o who_o it_o be_v due_a but_o in_o say_v a_o punishment_n be_v due_a unto_o any_o man_n we_o mean_v only_o this_o that_o it_o be_v just_a he_o shall_v be_v punish_v yet_o notwithstanding_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o punishment_n commutative_a justice_n be_v simple_o and_o by_o itself_o exercise_v forasmuch_o as_o he_o that_o punish_v that_o he_o may_v do_v it_o just_o aught_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o which_o right_o arise_v from_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o delinquent_n and_o herein_o there_o be_v something_o that_o draw_v near_o unto_o the_o nature_n of_o contract_n because_o as_o he_o that_o sell_v a_o thing_n though_o he_o mention_v nothing_o particular_o yet_o be_v presume_v to_o stand_v oblige_v to_o perform_v all_o thing_n natural_a to_o the_o sale_n so_o he_o that_o transgrese_v a_o law_n do_v voluntary_o oblige_v himself_o to_o the_o penalty_n of_o that_o law_n because_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o heinous_a crime_n that_o be_v not_o punishable_a so_o that_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a direct_o to_o transgress_v a_o law_n be_v by_o consequence_n willing_a to_o undergo_v the_o penalty_n of_o that_o law_n in_o which_o sense_n some_o prince_n do_v pronounce_v sentence_n against_o a_o malefactor_n thus_o ipse_fw-la te_fw-la huic_fw-la poenae_fw-la subdidisti_fw-la thou_o have_v voluntary_o subject_v thyself_o to_o this_o punishment_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o philo_n peccare_fw-la cum_fw-la festinatis_fw-la ad_fw-la poenam_fw-la festinatis_fw-la mosis_fw-la vita_fw-la mosis_fw-la whilst_o you_o make_v haste_n to_o sin_n you_o do_v but_o run_v headlong_o to_o punishment_n that_o woman_n that_o will_v marry_v another_o man_n slave_n be_v say_v in_o tacitus_n to_o consent_v to_o her_o own_o slavery_n 12._o ann._n 12._o because_o that_o be_v the_o punishment_n ordain_v for_o such_o woman_n michael_n ephesius_n upon_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o every_o sin_n 15._o nicom_o 15._o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o give_v
of_o st_n ambrose_n history_n will_v inform_v we_o and_o although_o almighty_a god_n do_v so_o sometime_o yet_o ought_v that_o to_o be_v no_o example_n to_o we_o because_o of_o that_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n of_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o we_o which_o he_o have_v not_o grant_v unto_o we_o to_o have_v one_o over_o another_o and_o yet_o even_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o all_o mankind_n do_v often_o spare_v a_o world_n of_o wicked_a and_o ungodly_a man_n for_o a_o very_a few_o that_o be_v good_a thereby_o manifest_v his_o equity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o that_o sweet_a colloquy_n between_o he_o and_o abraham_n concern_v sodom_n by_o which_o general_a rule_n it_o be_v easy_o collect_v etc._n gen._n 18.23_o etc._n etc._n how_o far_o our_o right_n extend_v in_o war_n against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n v._o what_o we_o may_v do_v against_o they_o that_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o what_o they_o want_v and_o here_o another_o question_n be_v usual_o start_v namely_o what_o we_o may_v lawful_o do_v to_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o at_o least_o will_v not_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o yet_o do_v daily_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o need_v great_a contest_v have_v ancient_o be_v and_o now_o be_v about_o this_o matter_n some_o stiff_o maintain_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o war_n other_o as_o earnest_o contend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o trade_n and_o traffic_n but_o first_o we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o thing_n wherewith_o the_o enemy_n be_v supply_v for_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o war_n as_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o war_n 1._o procop._n goth_n l._n 1._o as_o thing_n serve_v for_o pleasure_n only_o and_o last_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v useful_a both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o money_n victual_n apparel_n ship_n and_o material_n for_o ship_n at_o athens_n it_o be_v prohibit_v to_o export_v flax_n bottle_n timber_n wax_n pitch_n and_o the_o like_a concern_v thing_n not_o useful_a but_o in_o war_n it_o be_v true_a what_o amalasuintha_n tell_v the_o emperor_n justinian_n he_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o enemy_n that_o supply_v the_o enemy_n with_o thing_n necessary_a for_o war_n as_o to_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n so_o seneca_n think_v the_o favour_n of_o a_o tyrant_n i_o may_v purchase_v in_o case_n that_o which_o i_o give_v he_o do_v neither_o increase_v his_o power_n to_o do_v mischief_n nor_o confirm_v that_o which_o he_o already_o have_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o these_o a_o man_n may_v give_v without_o increase_a the_o common_a calamity_n i_o will_v not_o say_v he_o supply_v he_o with_o money_n whereby_o he_o may_v keep_v his_o army_n in_o pay_n but_o if_o he_o require_v marble_n perfume_n or_o costly_a apparel_n these_o be_v but_o the_o fuel_n of_o his_o lust_n can_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o himself_o soldier_n and_o arm_n will_v i_o not_o furnish_v but_o if_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o the_o best_a artist_n i_o have_v to_o make_v scene_n for_o mask_n and_o play_n i_o shall_v willing_o part_v with_o they_o thus_o do_v hyram_n glad_o furnish_v king_n solomon_n with_o timber_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o curious_a artificer_n that_o may_v increase_v the_o delight_n he_o take_v in_o sumptuous_a building_n thereby_o to_o divert_v he_o from_o pursue_v with_o his_o vast_a riches_n his_o father_n conquest_n in_o syria_n so_o also_o st._n ambrose_n 30._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o c._n 30._o to_o contribute_v to_o he_o that_o conspire_v against_o his_o own_o country_n be_v no_o commendable_a liberality_n as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o doubtful_a use_n we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o war._n for_o if_o i_o can_v defend_v myself_o unless_o i_o do_v intercept_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v send_v to_o my_o enemy_n necessity_n will_v give_v i_o a_o good_a right_n to_o they_o yet_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o i_o make_v restitution_n unless_o there_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n again_o if_o the_o supply_n that_o be_v send_v in_o do_v hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o my_o defence_n of_o the_o design_n and_o he_o that_o send_v it_o may_v have_v know_v that_o it_o will_v so_o do_v as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o have_v besiege_v a_o town_n and_o block_v up_o its_o port_n so_o that_o i_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o surrender_n of_o it_o or_o a_o peace_n in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o shall_v know_o send_v in_o relief_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v i_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v thereby_o no_o less_o than_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n out_o of_o custody_n that_o owe_v i_o a_o just_a debt_n or_o instruct_v he_o how_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n thereby_o to_o defraud_v i_o and_o proportionable_o to_o that_o loss_n i_o sustain_v i_o may_v seize_v his_o good_n and_o posess_v they_o as_o my_o own_o till_o i_o be_o satisfy_v and_o if_o the_o damage_n be_v not_o already_o give_v but_o intend_v only_o then_o have_v i_o a_o right_n by_o the_o detention_n of_o those_o supply_n to_o compel_v he_o that_o send_v they_o to_o give_v security_n either_o by_o pledge_n hostage_n or_o the_o like_a that_o he_o will_v not_o for_o the_o future_a send_v any_o more_o supply_n to_o the_o besiege_a but_o in_o case_n the_o wrong_n do_v i_o by_o my_o enemy_n be_v manifest_o unjust_a and_o that_o he_o by_o those_o supply_n do_v abet_v and_o encourage_v he_o in_o his_o unjust_a war_n then_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v my_o loss_n civil_o but_o also_o criminal_o as_o he_o that_o rescue_v a_o notorious_a malefactor_n in_o the_o very_a presence_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v unto_o he_o agreeable_a to_o his_o offence_n according_a to_o those_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o for_o punishment_n and_o so_o long_o as_o we_o contain_v our_o sâ—lves_n within_o these_o bound_n we_o may_v make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n do_v they_o that_o make_v war_n usual_o send_v out_o declaration_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o to_o insinuate_v unto_o they_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o also_o what_o probable_a hope_n they_o have_v to_o recover_v their_o right_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o refer_v this_o matter_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v because_o we_o find_v nothing_o certain_o determine_v in_o history_n by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o book_n write_v in_o italian_a entitle_v libre_fw-la consulatus_fw-la maris_fw-la concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o be_v recite_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n and_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o france_n spain_n syria_n cyprus_n the_o baleares_n venetian_n and_o genoese_a wherein_o be_v handle_v two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o question_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n with_o its_o freight_n be_v both_o the_o enemy_n than_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o both_o be_v lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o and_o the_o good_n to_o our_o enemy_n we_o may_v enforce_v they_o to_o put_v into_o any_o of_o our_o ally_n or_o our_o port_n there_o to_o unlade_v the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o we_o pay_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o they_o but_o in_o case_n the_o good_n belong_v to_o our_o friend_n and_o the_o ship_n to_o our_o enemy_n then_o be_v the_o ship_n lawful_a prize_n and_o to_o be_v agree_v for_o which_o if_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v compel_v into_o any_o harbour_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o withal_o to_o pay_v we_o for_o the_o freight_n of_o those_o good_n in_o the_o year_n 1438._o there_o be_v war_n between_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n with_o other_o city_n confederate_a situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n albis_n it_o be_v in_o holland_n adjudge_v in_o full_a senate_n that_o the_o good_n find_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o be_v no_o lawful_a prize_n and_o this_o be_v there_o from_o thence_o establish_v for_o a_o law_n and_o so_o plead_v by_o the_o danish_a king_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o who_o thereupon_o send_v his_o ambassador_n into_o holland_n to_o assert_v his_o freedom_n to_o transport_v his_o good_n into_o spain_n notwithstanding_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o the_o
such_o thing_n in_o they_o as_o add_v but_o little_a to_o the_o conquest_n be_v take_v away_o and_o yet_o whereby_o many_o innocent_a person_n be_v or_o may_v be_v damnify_v so_o that_o such_o act_n as_o these_o christian_a clemency_n do_v always_o almost_o and_o justice_n itself_o also_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n abhor_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a tie_n and_o obligation_n among_o christian_n than_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o we_o find_v a_o decree_n make_v by_o the_o amphictiones_fw-la ne_fw-la qua_fw-la vrbs_fw-la graeca_n bello_fw-la exscinderetur_fw-la that_o none_o of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n shall_v ever_o be_v burn_v down_o by_o war._n and_o it_o stand_v yet_o record_v by_o some_o ancient_a writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a never_o repent_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o destroy_n of_o thebes_n chap._n xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war._n i._o the_o good_n even_o of_o our_o enemy_n subject_n be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v detain_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o some_o just_a debt_n ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n iii_o by_o debt_n here_o all_o the_o charge_n and_o damage_n occasion_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v also_o include_v vi_o not_o to_o exact_v the_o utmost_a of_o our_o right_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o humanity_n i._o subject_n good_n take_v in_o war_n detain_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a debt_n the_o take_n of_o our_o enemy_n good_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v neither_o altogether_o blameless_a nor_o be_v it_o exempt_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o be_v do_v right_o we_o can_v neither_o take_v nor_o detain_v more_o from_o our_o enemy_n than_o what_o be_v just_o due_a from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o beyond_o what_o be_v due_a we_o be_v enforce_v to_o detain_v for_o our_o necessary_a safety_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o danger_n be_v pass_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o their_o full_a value_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v to_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v much_o more_o lawful_a to_o the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v our_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n may_v be_v take_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o restore_v it_o as_o be_v already_o prove_v this_o necessity_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o take_v that_o wherein_o we_o have_v otherwise_o no_o propriety_n at_o all_o 8._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o §_o 6_o 7_o 8._o but_o whereas_o debt_n may_v arise_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o inequality_n that_o there_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o punishment_n due_a for_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n do_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v in_o either_o of_o those_o case_n possess_v ourselves_o if_o we_o can_v of_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n namely_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o good_n not_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n only_o but_o those_o of_o his_o subject_n also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n stand_v oblige_v which_o right_o of_o nation_n we_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n than_o that_o which_o consist_v either_o in_o a_o bare_a impunity_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o external_a judgement_n for_o as_o by_o our_o own_o private_a consent_n or_o agreement_n he_o that_o deal_v with_o we_o for_o what_o be_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v not_o only_o a_o external_a or_o judicial_a right_n but_o a_o internal_a and_o equitable_a also_o in_o that_o which_o he_o deal_v for_o so_o be_v it_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o common_a consent_n or_o agreement_n wherein_o be_v virtual_o contain_v every_o particular_a man_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a pact_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n now_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o credible_a that_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n that_o such_o a_o right_o shall_v be_v thus_o acquire_v because_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n but_o also_o as_o a_o way_n whereby_o every_o state_n and_o nation_n may_v recover_v their_o own_o ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o crime_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n wherein_o a_o foreign_a prince_n stand_v oblige_v unto_o we_o be_v penal_a only_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o right_n be_v give_v to_o detain_v his_o subject_n good_n bare_o for_o his_o neglect_n for_o such_o a_o tie_n upon_o another_o man_n good_n will_v be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o person_n offend_v neither_o be_v there_o the_o like_a profit_n arise_v from_o these_o latter_a debt_n as_o from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a debt_n require_v some_o reparation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n but_o so_o do_v not_o these_o latter_a and_o therefore_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o may_v without_o damage_n be_v omit_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o attic_a law_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o contradict_v this_o for_o there_o man_n stand_v oblige_v not_o for_o that_o proper_o because_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o to_o compel_v the_o city_n to_o do_v what_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n upon_o offender_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a and_o not_o unto_o these_o latter_a sort_n of_o debt_n for_o to_o owe_v a_o duty_n in_o punish_v offender_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o lie_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o that_o duty_n be_v another_o the_o omission_n of_o that_o do_v usual_o induce_v this_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o effect_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_n of_o a_o enemy_n subject_n can_v lawful_o be_v possess_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a but_o such_o thing_n only_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o debt_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o person_n who_o be_v delinquent_n among_o who_o be_v the_o magistrate_n themselves_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o punish_v but_o do_v it_o not_o iii_o by_o debt_n be_v understand_v the_o subsequent_a charge_n also_o beside_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o enemy_n subject_n may_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v not_o only_o to_o reimburse_v ourselves_o of_o our_o original_a debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o repair_v our_o loss_n and_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n and_o thus_o must_v we_o understand_v that_o which_o some_o divine_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_v with_o the_o principal_a debt_n that_o be_v until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v according_a to_o sound_a judgement_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o war_n itself_o thus_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o antiochus_n adjudge_v it_o equitable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n through_o who_o default_n it_o be_v that_o the_o war_n begin_v so_o justine_n impensas_fw-la belli_n lege_fw-la justa_n suscepturus_fw-la qui_fw-la belli_n author_n est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o samian_o be_v condemn_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n now_o whatsoever_o be_v just_o impose_v on_o the_o vanquish_a may_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v exact_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n iv_o for_o humanity_n sake_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o exact_v our_o utmost_a due_n moreover_o this_o also_o must_v be_v remember_v which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o those_o of_o justice_n that_o man_n have_v but_o little_a of_o mercy_n in_o he_o who_o be_v opulent_a use_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o enforce_v from_o his_o poor_a creditor_n the_o utmost_a farthing_n of_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v especial_o if_o that_o debt_n be_v contract_v by_o his_o kindness_n to_o his_o friend_n only_o in_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o very_o lamentable_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o a_o surety_n say_v quintilian_n the_o father_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o creditor_n do_v nothing_o herein_o but_o what_o he_o