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A04328 An apologie for Iohn Wickliffe shewing his conformitie with the now Church of England; with answere to such slaunderous obiections, as haue beene lately vrged against him by Father Parsons, the apologists, and others. Collected chiefly out of diuerse works of his in written hand, by Gods especiall providence remaining in the publike library at Oxford, of the honorable foundation of Sr. Thomas Bodley Knight: by Thomas James keeper of the same. James, Thomas, 1573?-1629.; Wycliffe, John, d. 1384. 1608 (1608) STC 14445; ESTC S108215 68,345 90

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this stout Champion reverend Doctor worthie preacher of Gods word Iohn VVickliffe whose very a Vetus Hypocrita Angeius Sathanae Antichristi prae ābulus non nominandus Io. Wickli● vel potius Wickebeleefe haereticus Wals. p. 256. Organū diabolicū hostis Ecclesiae confusio vulgi haereticorum Idolum Hypocritatum speculum Schismatis incētor odij seminator incendij fabrīcator lb. Pag. 266. o linguā●emper mendacem male dicam blasphemā Wald. To. I. pag. 177. ¶ Ps. 64. 5. name is therfore become hateful vnto the Adversarie his parson contēptible and his doctrine the only marke or but at which those ¶ Ps. 64. 5. qui sagittāt in occulto which lie priuily lurki●●g in co●ners do especially aime shooting there arrowes bitter words euē lewd lying Pamphlets some challēging him of Blasphemie towards God some of Treason towards the king others of monstrous b Of Manicheisme Donatisme Pelagianisme c. see Walden Act. Cap. 25. lb. Verl 7. heresies in Religion all of sondry errours and grosse absurdities knowing therefore that howsoeuer iure soli the Court of Rome maie yet iure poli Gods law doth not condemne any man before his cause be heard I haue thought it most conuenient and sit to bring him forth before you Christian Readers as before so many * Festusses Agrippaes to the end that you maie know the truth of those things wherof he is accused And albeit our Romanists haue as euilly intreated him as euer the Jewes did * Paul laying many and grievous complaints against him yet I doubt not but you when you shall as it becommeth men of profoūd iudgment good discretion permitte him to answere for him selfe as Act. 26. 1. Act. 25. 7. Agrippa did Paul wil either finde there complaints with Festus such as they sh●l Act. 25. 8. never bee able to proue viz that hee hath nether offended against the law of God neither against the Temple nor against Cesar and finallie pronounce this sentence of absolution with K. Agrippa Act. 26. 31. This mā hath done nothing worthy of death nor of bondes The order and method which I wil God willing obserue shal bee first to shew his conformitie with the now Church of England in the chiefest points cōtroversed thence to descend vnto questiōs not altogether so material and last of al to answere al such obiections as haue beene mooued by our late Popish writers Whose proofes because they are of two sorts drawn either frō c From Foxe Stow Osiander Melancthon Lu●her c. Protestantes which for want of due information or from d The Apologists Father Parsons Papists which of ill wil ' which never spake good of anie man ' haue vttered anie thing preiudicial either vnto his doctrine or to his person I wil indeuour as much as in me lieth the truth wil permit to informe the one and reforme the other The proofes which I shal alleadge shal be cleere euident apparent authentical for they shal be produced out of his own words and works as they are extant in sundry good Manuscripts in our so renowned publike Librarie as thēselues may see or cause to bee seene by others for therefore to iustifie my proceedings against them knowing there sundrie malignant e See the Treatise tending to mitigation writtē by P. R. with the answere thereto oppositions against vs I haue quoted in the margent the very wordes of the Auctor either in f As the Author himselfe wrot them Latin or in English noting both Bookes and Pages And for a final Conclusion I make this protestation his writings shal not be defended by mee farther then they are agreeable with the Articles of our Religion and I exhort you as manie as shal happen to read this Apologie as S. Paul did the I. Thes● Cap. 5. vers 21. The ssalon●ans on●nia probate quod bonū est tenete Examine all things hold fast that which is good AN APOLOGIE FOR IOHN VVickliffe shewing his conformity with the now church of England both in Doctrine Discipline TO proceed thē according vnto the first part of our general diuisiō J doubt not but it wil easily be acknowledged of al hands that the greatest Controuersies betweene the Papists and vs maie be reduced into these fewe heads They concerne 1 The Scripture 2 Traditions 3 The Pope 4 The Church 5 Iustification 6 Merits 7 The blessed Sacrament of the Lords supper For the rest which concerne the other Sacraments or other pointes of doctrine that are collateral they shal be handled with the principal questions or else in the second place apart by themselues according to our former diuision The I. Chap. Of the Scripture THe questions to be moued about the Scripture are no lesse infinite then the Scripture it selfe but the greatest points controuersed betweene vs and the Papists resteth in these 4. About the number Sufficiencie Interpretation or Communication of the Scripture or bookes Canonical Sect. 1. The first questiō about the number of the bookes Canonical Article 6. TO the 1. point Io. VVickliffe fully agreeing with the 6. Article of the Church of England and S. Hierōs doctrine maketh but f Satis est pro sua militia habere 22. libros de veteri Testamento-Authēticos Wiekliff● de ver Scrip. Pag. 110. 22. books Canonical excluding the rest which are as he rightly tearmeth them bookes Apocrypha so called as he writeth g Non quia oportet illis discredere tanquam fa sis sed quia non oportet Ecclesiam militantem illis libris credere explicatè tanquam authenticis ld lb. not because they are to be discredited of falshood but because the Church militant should not beleeue them explicatè as if they were authenticall h Stultum et vanum circa veritatem aut passiones Scripturae Apocryphae nimis contendere cum habemus plenè Scripturas sensibilitèr nobis authenticas ld lb. he thinketh it to sa●or of folly vaine curiositie for a man to striue about the truth or proper passions of these bookes Apocrypha where there are so manie books besides which are verie sensibly and plainly authentical Now if you happen to a●ke VVickliffe how he knoweth these bookes to be losse authentical then the former The differences betwixt the books Canonical Apocrypha he wil informe shew you that the best meanes of discerning books Canonical from the Apocrypha bookes are 1. i Aucto●izatio corum in Nouo testamento Wickleff de Ve●r Scrip. pag 95. pag. 109 To looke into the newe Testament and to see what books of the old Testament are therein cited authenticated by the holy Ghost 2. If that wil not serue for k Credo quod Ecclesia discre tè examinan● quemcunque librum quoad totam suam sententiam dicià Spiritu Sancto in alia Scriptura lo. pag. 96. the Church of God discreetly examining any booke to consider whether the like
and Walsinghā was a Lyar ergo Answere Cuius contrarium verum est we wil beleeue Walsingham an other time for this tricke For he was so far frō euer being of that order that neuer was East more distant from West or blacke opposite to white then he was to their disordered orders If you please not to beleeue me take your eies in your hands and read these two i Viz. His complaint to the Parliament his Treatise a gainst the orders of the begging F●i●rs Treatises and then saie who is the Lyar. 2. Obiection Apol Tr. 2. Cap. 2. p. 106. HE held that Ecclesiasticall Ministers should begge The Answere ANswere as before Cuius contrarium verum est he held that Ministers should not beg Sith k Io. Wickliffe against the orders of Friars Chap 5. p. ●24 begging is damned by God both in the Old and in the New Testament Read againe the l Printed wi●h this Apologie 5. Chapter of his booke against the orders of Friars The 3. Obiection HE condemned lawful oathes savouring therin saith Osiander of Anabaptisme The Answere I now see it verified of Lutherans and Protestants of all other writers m Canus obserues this out of Vopiscus which Vopiscus obserued of Historians nullum non Historicorum mentitum that the best historians by trusting other writers or reportets may deliuer an n Against their wills It is an other thinge menti●i to lye and mendaciū dicere to report a lye after another man the first al good men should obhor●e from the secōd the best cannot be fice vntruth now and then Os●ander was a good Historian but hee neuer read VVickliffes works or if he had seene some of them he saw not all For in his Latin Exposition vpon the o It is the 2. c●mmandement in his account third commandement and his p Scribit contra propositionem incompletam pen dulam intelligendam cum sensu suo sinistro De Verit. Scrip. p. 282. booke of the Truth of the Scripture he doth plainly shew the contrary● condemning only al Equiuocall amphibological q Vagae per consequens falsae propositiones ●b pag. 282. mixt wandring propositions whether with oath or without oath willing men not for a r Nemo menti●etur quocunque leu● mendacio pro saluatione vitae propriae vitae proximi vel pro saluatione infinitotum mundo●um vel alicuius boni possibilis De Ver. Scrip. pag. 242. world of world● or for the s Non est mentiendum prosaluatione proximi lb. pag 264. saluation of infinite soules to lie that is to equiuocate as he interpreteth it much lesse to sweare an vntruth that is to fortweare His treatise against t De aequiuocis iuramentis fallacibus vitandis lb pag. 284 God teaches to sware by him in need and not by his creatures Contra Fra●rmend pag. 55. Equivocatiō is a most profound learned and iudicious worke and worthy to be put in print if it were an entire discourse of it selfe where u If he be the Auctor of the Treatise tending to mit●ga●●●n de●guised by these Letters P.R. which goe as al his writings doe the cleane contrarie waie Parsons may see that hee hath not so much as a smal starting hole left to put his head in vnsought or vnstopt The 4. Obiection HE taught that all things come to passe by absolute necessitie The Answere I hope our Apologists neede not to bee sent backe againe to schoole or to their Schoolemen to learne this distinction that al things that shall be bee in respect of God and his decree necessarie though in respect of vs they be not so from whom the knowledge of Gods will in this behalfe is purposely hidden because we should not disesteeme or neglect praier and other ordinarie meanes for our Saluation He telleth vs that Gods promises and threatnings are x Deus nemini promittit poenam vel premium nisi sub conditione tacita vel expressa De Ver Scrip. p. 383. conditionall that as God hath appointed the end so he hath appointed the meanes of our Saluation but notwithstanding this necessitie these are his very words y In Expos. Decal pag. 81. quāvis omnia futura de necessitate eveniāt Deus tamē vult quod bona servis suis eveniant per medium guo oratur The 5. Obiection HE defended humaine merits as the damnable Pelagian held them in so much that Melanchthon saith accordingly of him Verily he did not vnderstand nor hold the iustice of faith The Answere THis obiection is taken for the former part out of VValden for the later out of Melāchthō though I haue cleerely z demonstrated the negatiue out of his owne words yet because the later part of the obiection hath more edge in it then ordinarie because he seemed to haue read some of VVickliffes works for answer to him I say that ether he read some of his works which he made when hee was but a Wickliffe wrot n●t two or three hundred volunes at one time he bettered himselfe by writing as S. Austine confesseth of him selfe scribendo discens f●r bere And therfore noe maruel if writing so much because as th● same Father saith in multi loquio non deest falsiloquium there be somthings that at the first seeme improper and exorbitant whi●h are ●uspiciously set downe in the iudgment of our writers and are malitiously construed by the aduersarie newly conuerted which might peraduenture sauour of follie or of a bad spirit or els that hee was cosened by some spurious and bastard Treatises which were broached in his name and laid to his charge an imputation b I could f●ll a huge vo●ume with instances in this point declaratorie of their old and wonted impostures but for the present I wil alleadg only the Treatise de Cardinalibus Christi operibus imputed to Cyprian or one of his time wheras in the publike Librarie at All-soules it is euident that Arnaldus Bonauillacensis writ it who liued Anno Dom. 1160. not proper to VVickliffe alone but common to him with many of the ancient Fathers and Doctors of the Church The 6. Obiection HEe taught a seditious doctrine Apol. Tract 2. Cap. 2. p. 107. and mother of all rebellion teaching that there is no ciuill Magistrate while he is in mortall sinne and that the people may at there pleasure correct Princes when they doe offend The Answere IF VVickliffe doe teach any such doctrine he is vtterly to be condemned by our Church and to be reformed in that point but if they belie not his words he admonisheth the king all other inferiour officers Magistrates as he did Bishops earst while that he beareth not the sworde in vaine or hath his office for nought but to doe the c Damna●i sūt de iure polisi potestatem datam e●s a Domino non exercent De Verit. Scrip. pag. 456. office of a king wel and
of Reports against the truth of which doctrine no Parson nor Parsons I suppose shal euer be able to preuaile raile they may and brag they do which are the two ordinary meanes of late daies found out to answere al obiections as that vpstart Goliah or Rabsache of Rome Iames Gretser which is newlie come forth to reuile the whole host of Protestant writers hath abundantly testified declared in his late voluminous book written in a supposed defence of Bellarmine but to giue the Divell his right hee hath farre exceeded not only his Equals Jesuits but surpassed all other writers whatsoeuer in this supereminent art of railing or scolding rather so that to vse r Similes sunt-authori discipui omnes equorum libris si iactationes mendacia scōmata maledicta conuitia tollerentur ex maximis voluminibus vix libelli perexigui effici possent Bell cont 4. To 1. pag 328. in 8 o. iustly to be retorted vpon the Iesuits He railes against D. Rainolds D. Whitaker D. Mo●ton Iunius Polanus Hunnius Lubbert c al which he doth befoole depresse both lewdly and foolishly as because D. Rainolds was sicke of the● gout therefore forsooth nihil ●olidum nihil ne●uosum ab isto sperandum his head was not sound enough to deliuer anie solide matter against them and that he did forbeare to inuaie more sharply against him Ne sorte exasparatis articulorum doloribus acrius discrutietur ad rabi●̄ vel desperationem adigatur The paine of the gout and of reading his books withal might driue him into despaire Gretser defens Bell. pag. 1058 1070. his M. Bellarmines words if a man should take out al his braggings scoffings reproches raylings reuilings and lewd speeches vttered against the cheifest writers of our age ex maximo volumine minimus libellus efficeretur it would proue not only a poore booke but a lewd and lying booke In this booke hee hath taken vpon himself such libertie of giueing euerie man the lie that he cannot keepe from putting a lie vpon his Master Cardinal Bellarmiue where he writeth thus speaking of the Jesuits s Bellarmine the Iesuits the meekest men aliue non est nostrum reddere malū promal● it is not the manner of the Iesuits to render euil for euill Though I cannot saie of him as t Vide Praefationem ante Biblia Interlinearia Arias Montanus doth of his Erostratus that nostrum pro alijs but nostrum cum alijs nomenproscindendum suscepit that he hath traduced me for others yet because he hath traduced my name with others I thought good to mē tion him only at this present because I intend ere long be to u In two books of his the one in quarto de Iu●e ●m odo libros prohibendi abolendi expurgā di●the other in folio writte in defense of the 1 part of of Bellarmins Controuersie he hath gone about to reuerse two Positiōs of mine the 1. That the workes of the ●Anciēt Fathers are verie much corrupted by the Papists the 2. that their Bibles authorized are diuerse cōtrarious cōtradictorious the one vnto the other Both these God willing shal be proued m●st cleerely in my Apologie God opē the ●ies of our hetherto blinded and hoodwinct Papists that they maie see and seeing maie knowe and knoweinge maie abhorre their soule corruptions and open contradictions salute him in his owne language to send him to schoole vnto the Jesuits 'to learne better manners then being but a young Jesuit in comparison not only to abuse al Lutherans Calvinists and Protestants but to write professedly and purposely I may say malitiouslie and spitefully against the most aged and uu An t Posseuine woūded thorowgh my sides For my Collation of Cyprian which Grerser cheifly impugneth i● translated verbatim into Possevins Apparatus Changing the word Protestant into Catholike and by affirming the booke that was printed at Geneua to be printed at Paris that men might thinke it was his worke sic nos non nobis mellificamus apes hereby you maie note his exceeding great iudgment and yet he taketh vpon him to be Censor censorum and Criticus Criticorum iudicious Jesuit at this day in al Christendome but leaving him vnto his Superiours to be punished for a notable wrangler VVickliffe in this point a sound Protestant we are now by Gods grace come to examine the most material point of al others Sect. 3. IF it be doubted whether the Pope maie erre or no according vnto VVickliffes doctrine The 3 questiō whether the Pope may err it is shewed openly and plainly thoroughout all his works where he proueth that the Pope is x Papa est pec cabilis sicur caput Ecclesiae De Verit. Script pag. 456. est naturae peccabilis habens supra se capitalē Dominum in Expos Decal pag 123. natura peccabilis of that nature that he may erre y De blasphē pag. 40. That one that men callen Pope may erre not only in manner and z Non dubiū quin error posset in ●lectione contingere magis in conuersatione sequenti De Ver Script pag. 457. conuersation of life but also in doctrine and a Hee maie erre in seeding of his Churches or Articles of the faith De blasp pag. 40. Multi papae deprau●ti haeretica dep●auitate De. Ver. Scrip. pag. 181. hodie inualescit opinio Legistarum dicentium quod si quis sit Papa est impeccabilis per con●equens si quid arbitratur vel ordinat tune est iustum ●um Epistolae suae vel parificantur vei superant auctoritatem Scripturae lb. pag. 47. Non habet a Deo Chartas talis officij lb pag. 92. Vtinā talis Antichristus non destruat Regna Borealia occidentalia or●entalia s●cut infecit Af●am Ap●iricā Europam lb. pag 589. Articles of the Creed b Lib. De 7. Pecc Mort. pag. 16. He may sin c De blasphem pag. 40. and no man in the world lightlier or grievouslier and de facto erraverunt in deed they haue ●rred and been infected with foule heresies Yea he thinketh it to be d De blasphem pag. 55. likely that all the Bishops of Rome for 300. yeares and more before his time were fullie hereticks therefore I nothing doubt but he shal be accounted of them an Arch hereticke of vs as the truth is a sound Catholike and an Arch Protestant Sect. 4. The 4. questiō whether the Pope be Antichrist THe l●st point controuersed is whether the Pope be Antichrist Which point he proueth verie largely by comparing his doctrine manners with Christs in sundrie places of his works but chiefly in his Lib. de 7. Pe●cati● Mortal pag. 16. Booke of the 7. deadly sinnes telling vs that forasmuch as thorough his Decrees * Contra Frat. Mend. pag. 26 Gods Hests by his maundements Christs commandements by his Decretals Paules Epistles by his e Nihil est Canonicū quod Regula 1. non
simplicitate animos hominum trā● formare To 3 pag. 14. singlenes of hart and simplicity of minde far from al damnable hypocrisie and dissimulation The 10. 11. Obiections MOst blasphemously he affirmed that euerie Creature was God againe that ●od could not choose but obey the Diuel The Answere Bellar. in Praefat Gretser in defens pag. 8. THese obiections are taken from Bellarmine some other Jesuits it was wonder they did escape both our Apologists and Father Parsons but belike they did not thinke them to bee true els doubtles they woulde haue vrged them For answere wherevnto it seemeth vnto mee that the former obiection doth assoile the latter for holding that euerie Creature was God belike he distinguished the tearme God into God absolutely spoken and God cum signo or adiectione g Dei acceptio duplex absolute Dominus Dominorum quando contrahiturvel specifi●atur per signum detrah●ns sig nificat quodcunque bonum quod quis plus diligit In. Ex. p of Dec. p. 46. with a signe or addition so in truth he doth in this sence it might bee true that such a made God might of its owne nature being as all reasonable Creatures are sin●ul should obay the Diuel but I wil not play the Sophister He had a more deepe profound Theologicall or h Omnes veritates leges in essentia diuina sicutomnīa sunt Deus lb. pag. 21. Deus est mandatum quod praecipit lb 4 Omnis res secūdum esse intelligibile est Deus Me●aphysicalspeculatiō about this matter which was plainly de●iuered in his booke de Ideis which book is not yet come vnto my hands and therfore I cannot answere the obiection otherwise then he doth himself by i vt d●ctum est in materia de Ideis lb 21. referring you vnto that k Materiae de vniuersalibus sūt tā necessa riae quod sine earum notitia nemo fit sapiens lb pag. 29. learned book of his The doctrine I am perswaded in his vnderstanding is found true though not fit to be vttered before the people and though I do rather admire then conceiue it do therefore choose rather wholy● to omit it● for a season then vnperfectly to deliuer it yet I cannot omit to giue him this ●estimony that about the nature persons properties of God about the matter of Predestinatiō Prescience or Prouidence he is most religiously piouslie affected quo magis miror therfore I cānot but wonder that he should run into so l Asthey charg him with monstrous soule absurdities But to leaue this and to answere that alike monstrous but more blasphemous obiectiō that God must needes obey the Divell which scarce any Diuel of Hel would dare to vtter I know not whence they haue taken this obiection which hath no colour nor ground in the world in it vnlesse it be out of these words of his which I professe are his and wel they maie be that because hee saith that m Com in Psal pag 155. God is a great king aboue all his Creatures that n lb. pag. 48. all Creatures are made by God to serue him that the o lb pag. 112. Devil is clepid Gods Angel for hee maie doe nothing but at Gods suffering that he serueth God in tormenting of sinfullmen that Ib. pag. 468. Christ is Victor of the Divell q lb. pag. 93. helpeth vs against the ●iend thence belike our Jesuits r Of this inference a man maie saie as Walden did somtimes of an illation of Wickliffes si deductio ista scintillam habet ingenij quid sit ingeniū hominis nō noui To. 3. p. 56. infer that God must needs obay the Divel A good wit I confesse may go far and such haue our Jesuits or els they greatly belie one another but I doubt whether euer they shal be able to infer so foule and irreligious a Conclusion out of so faire and religious premises The Conclusion THus hauing shewed and proued vnto you that this same Iohn VVickliffe a man so much spoken against by al sorts of men is so innocent and free from al there foule heresies and monstrons absurdities that he hath rather declared himselfe to be a Cōformitan vnto the doctrine and discipline of the Church of England or rather that the Church of Englād at this day sincerelie professing the Gospel doth teach preach no new Doctrin as our Apologists would haue you to beleeue but thē very same doctrine which was many hundred yeares ago retained and maintained here in England by sundrie learned Diuines and embraced gladly by al a Fuerunt eo tēpore plures alij huius nefandae doctrinae sequaces discipuli non in quibuscunque villis aut Ciuitatibus sed in ipsa Vniuersitate Oxoniae Wal● pag. 305 Hee might haue added and in the Vniuersity not the meanest but the Chancellour and Proctors and sundry others as appeareth by records Longelatque per●patrias populum maculando suam predi●ationem dilatauit ita ut poenema iores prouinciarum corum sequerentur errorem Wals. pag 281. In fide fide● articulis plurimi claudicabant ●b Visus est absorbere ●ordanem omnes Christianos mergere in Abyssum lb. pag. 256 Dixit publice et ptaedicauit Rectoribus Ecclesiarum non valentibus prohibere cum ob fauorem popalarem qui libentissimè cum audiebant le peri●ulo mallebant exponere antequa●●vel prohiberetur praedicare Wals. pag. 304. of al sorts Noblemen Gentlemen Cleargie men Lay men men and women which though it were then challenged for a new doctrine as was somtimes Christ his Apostles yet both it was the very same doctrine which was from the beginning and shal be vnto the end of the world as he himselfe sometimes b Si in hoe sim Catholicus sū cerius quod sententia quā tenco per organa Dei vel ante aduentū Antichrist● vel postea defendetur quia super omnia vincit veritas verbi Deivt dicitur 3. ●●drae De Ver. Scrip. p. 200. prophecied the Popish doctrine to bee convicted of plaine nouelty and newnes by almost the very same reasons and arguments which our Protestant writers do now inforce against them and therfore no maruell though the Papists now a daies notwithstanding there pretēced and vsurped notes of Antiquitie Vniuersality and Iknow not what els do begin to thinke vpon a course how either to abolish all ancient written books out of o ur Libraries or els to banish al ancient truth out of their books by their new inuēted Purgatory of books which I may be bold to speake it hath done farre more paine to Christendome within these 40. or 50. yeares then their fire of Purgatorie hath done since the time of its first being a verie lewd and damned course and which if it should not please God and that speedely to stirre vp the harts of Godly Princes Religious Clarks and