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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A04286	An apologie for the oath of allegiance first set foorth without a name, and now acknowledged by the authour, the Right High and Mightie Prince, Iames, by the grace of God, King of Great Britaine, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. ; together with a premonition of His Maiesties, to all most mightie monarches, kings, free princes and states of Christendome.	James I, King of England, 1566-1625.; Paul V, Pope, 1552-1621.; Bellarmino, Roberto Francesco Romolo, Saint, 1542-1621.	1609 (1609)	STC 14401.5; ESTC S1249	109,056	264

all his Visions in the said Booke hee directly imitates the fashions of the Prophet Ezekiels Daniels and Zacharies Visions borowing their phrases that prophecied before CHRIST to vtter his Prophecies in that was to speake of the last dayes shall finde it very probable that in these three dayes and a halfe hee imitated Daniels Weekes accounting for his Week the time between CHRISTS first and second comming and making Antichrist to triumph the halfe of that time or spirituall Weeke For as to that literall interpretation as all the Papists make it of three yeeres and a halfe and that time to fall out directly the very last dayes saue fiue and fortie before CHRIST his second comming it is directly repugnant to the whole New Testament For CHRIST saith That in the latter dayes men shall be feasting marrying at all such worldly finesse when the last houre shall come in a clappe vpon them One shall bee at the Mill. One vpon the toppe of the house and so foorth CHRIST telleth a Parable of the fiue foolish Virgins to shew the vnlooked-for comming of this houre Nay he saith the Sonne of man nor the Angels in heauen know not this time S. Peter biddeth vs WATCH AND PRAY euer awaiting vpon that houre And S. Iohn in this same Apocalyps doeth twise tell vs that CHRIST will come as a theefe in the night And so doeth CHRIST say in the Euangel Whereas if the Antichrist shall reigne three yeeres and a halfe before the latter day and that there shall be but iust 45. daies of time after his destruction then shall not the iust day and houre of the latter day be vnknowen to them that shall be aliue in the world at the time of Antichrists destruction For first according to the Papists doctrine all the world shall know him to be the Antichist both by the two Witnesses doctrine and his sudden destruction And consequently they cannot be ignorant that the latter day shal come iust 45. dayes after and so CHRIST shal not come as a theefe nor the world be taken at vnawares contrary to all the Scriptures before alleadged and many more And thus haue wee proued Rome to be the Seat of the Antichrist and the second halfe of that spiritual Weeke between the first and second comming of CHRIST to be the time of his Reigne For in the first halfe thereof the mystery of iniquitie beganne to worke but the man of sinne was not yet reuealed But who these witnesses should be is a great question The generall conceit of the Papists is that it must be Enoch and Elias And herein is Bellarmine so strong as hee thinketh him in a great error if not an Heretike that doubteth of it But the vanitie of this Iewish fable I wil in few words discouer The Cardinall in his booke of Controuersies bringeth sowerplaces of Scripture for probation of this idle dreame two in the Olde Testament Malachie and Ecclesiasticus and two in the New CHRIST in Matthew hee might haue added Marke too and Iohn in the xi of the Apocalyps First for the generall of all those places I dare boldly affirme That there is not a word in them nor in all the rest of the Scriptures that saith that either Enoch or Elias shall returne to fight against Antichrist and shall be slaine by him nor any such like matter Next as to euery place in particular to beginne with Malachie I know not who can better interprete him then CHRIST who twise in Matthew chap. xi and xvij and once in Marke tels both the multitude and his owne Disciples that Iohn Baptist was that promised Elias And herein doth Bellarmine deale most vnfaithfully with CHRIST for his demonstration that Antichrist is not yet come because E●och and Elias are not yet returned hee for his probation thereof citeth these wordes of Christ in the xvij of Matthew Elias shall indeed come and restore all things but omits his very next words interpreting the same That he is alreadie come in the person of Iohn Baptist Nay wherby he taketh vpon him to answere Biblianders obiection that CHRIST did by Iohn the Baptist vnderstand the prophecie of Elias comming to be accomplished he picketh out the words Qui habet aures audiat in the xi of Matthew immediatly following that purpose of Elias making of them a great mystery and neuer taketh knowledge that in the xvij by him selfe before alledged CHRIST doth interpret Malachy in the same maner without any subioyning of these words Qui habet aures audiat adioyning shamelesly hereunto a fowle Paraphrase of his owne telling vs what CHRIST would haue saide nay in my conscience hee meant what CHRIST should and ought to haue said if he had beene a good Catholike setting downe there a glosse of Orleance that destroyes the Text. Thus ye see how shamefully he abuseth CHRISTS wordes who in three sundry places as I haue said interpreteth the second comming of Elias to be meant by Iohn the Baptist Hee likewise cauils most dishonestly vpon that word Venturus For CHRIST vseth that word but in the repeating their opinion but interpreting it that hee was alreadie come in the person of Iohn Baptist As if hee had said The prophesie is indeed true that Elias shall come but I say vnto you that Elias iam venit meaning of Iohn Baptist and so he first repeates the words of the Prophesie in the future time as the Prophet spake them and next sheweth them to be now accomplished in the Person of Iohn in the present time Neither can these words of Malachie Dies magnus horribilis falsifie CHRISTS Commentarie vpon him For if that day whereupon the Sauiour of the world suffered when the Sunne was totally obscured from the sixt houre to the ninth the vaile of the Temple rent asunder from the top to the bottome and the earth did quake the stones were clouen the graues did open themselues and the dead arose· If that day I say was not a great and horrible day I know not what to cal a horrible day Which day no doubt had destroyed the whole nation of the Iewes without exception by a iust Anatheme if the said Iohn the fore runner had not first conuerted many by the doctrine of Repentance and by Baptisme But why should I presume any more to interprete Malachy since it is sufficient that CHRIST himselfe hath interpreted him so And since Ipse dixit nay ter dixit per quem facta sunt omnia what mortall man dare interprete him otherwise nay directly contrary Now for that place of Ecclesiasticus as the sonne of Syrach onely borroweth it from Malachie as appeareth by these wordes of his of conuerting the sonnes hearts to their Fathers which are Malachies owne words so doth CHRISTS Comentary serue as well to interprete the one as the other it being no shame for that mortall Iesus to bee commented and interpreted by the immortall and true IESVS

Law and the Prophets which would be the fittest witnesses for conuincing of Antichrist But why they haue exempted Moses and put Enochs head in the yoake I cannot conceiue But I haue too much laboured in the refuting of this foolish and indeed childish fable which I am so farre from beleeuing in any sort as I protest in GODS presence I cannot hold any learned Diuine in our age now to be a Christian that will beleeue it but worthy to bee ranked with the Scribes Pharises that raued and dreamed vpon the comming againe of Elias though CHRIST told them the contrary As for some of the Ancients that mistooke this matter I doe not censure them so hardly for the reason that I haue already alledged concerning them And hauing now refuted that idle fable that those two Witnesses were Enoch and Elias it falleth mee next to guesse what in my opinion should be meant by them I confesse it is farre easier to refu●e such a groundlesse fable as this is contrary to all grounds of Diuinity and Reason then to set downe a true interpretation of so high and darke a mystery And therefore as I will not presume to binde any other man to my opinion herein if his owne reason leads him not thereunto so shall I propone such probable coniectures as I hope shall be free from Heresie or vnlawfull curiosity In two diuers fashions may the mysterie of these Witnesses be lawfully and probably interpreted in my opinion Whereof the one is that by these two Witnesses should be meant the Olde and New Testaments For as the Antichrist cannot chuse but bee an aduersary to the word of GOD aboue all things so will he omit no endeuour to disgrace corrupt suppresse and destroy the same And now whether this Booke of the two Testaments or two Witnesses of Christ haue suffered any violence by the Babylonian Monarchy or not I need say nothing Res ipsa loquitur I will not weary you with recounting those Common Places vsed for disgracing it as calling it a Nose of waxe a dead Letter a leaden Rule and a hundred such like Phrases of reproch But how far the Traditions of men and Authority of the Church are preferred to these witnesses doeth sufficiently appeare in the Babylonian doctrine And if there were no more but that little booke with that pretie Inscription Del ' Insuffisance del ' Escriture Sainte it is enough to proue it And as to the corrupting thereof the corruptions of the old Latine translation must not be corrected though it bid euertere domum in stead of euerrere for seeking of a penny And though it say of Iohn Sic eum volo manere donec veniam in place of Si though it bee knowen a plaine lye and that the very next wordes of the Text disprooue the same Nay so farre must we be from correcting it as that the vulgar Translation must be preferred by Catholikes to the Bible in the owne Originall tongue And is it a small corrupting of Scriptures to make all or the most part of the Apocrypha of equall faith with the Canonicall Scriptures contrary to the Fathers opinions and Decrees of ancient Councels And what blasphemous corrupting of Scripture is it to turne Dominus into Domina throughout the whole Psalmes And thus our Ladies Psalter was lately reprinted in Paris Is not this to confound CHRISTS person with hers And as for suppressing of the Scriptures how many hundreth yeeres were the people kept in such blindnesse as these witnesses were almost vnknowne for the Layicks durst not being forbidden and the most part of the Cleargie either would or could not meddle with them Thus were these two witnesses of Christ whom of himselfe saith Scrutamini Scripturas illae enim testimonium perhibent de me These two Oliues bringing peace to all the beleeuers euen peace of Conscience These two Candlesticks standing in the sight of GOD and giuing light to the Nations represented by Candlestickes euen in the very Order of the Roman Masse Thus were these two Witnesses I say disgraced corrupted and suppressed nay so suppressed and silenced as he was brent for an Heretike that durst presume to looke vpon them kept close in a strange tongue that they might not be vnderstood Legends and lying woonders supplying their place in the Pulpits And so did their Bodies lie in the Streetes of the great Citie spiritually Sodome for spirituall fornication which is idolatrie spiritually Egypt for bringing the Saints of God in bondage of humane Traditions Quare oneramini ritibus So did their bodies I say lie 3. daies and a halfe that is the halfe of that spirituall Weeke betweene Christ his first and second comming and as dead carkases indeed did the Scriptures then lye without a monument being layed open to all contempt cared for almost by none vnderstood by as few nay no man durst call for them for feare of punishment as I haue already said And thus lying dead as it were without life or vigour as the Law of God did till it was reuiued in Iosias time The Inhabitants of the earth that is worldly men reioyced and sent gifts to other for ioy that their fleshly libertie was now no more awed nor curbed by that two edged sword for they were now sure that to doe what they would their purse would procure them pardons from Babylon Omnia vaenalia Romae so as men needed no more to looke vp to heauen but downe in their purses to finde Pardons Nay what needed any more suing to heauen or taking it by violence and feruencie of zeale when the Pardons came and offered themselues at euery mans doores And diuers spirituall men vaunted themselues that they neither vnderstood Olde Testament nor new Thus were these two Witnesses vsed in the second halfe of this spirituall Weeke who in the first halfe thereof were clad in sackecloth that is preached repentance to all Nations for the space of fiue or sixe hundreth yeeres after Christ GOD making his Word or Witnesse so triumph riding vpon the white Horse in the time of the Primitiue Church as that they ouercame all that opposed themselues vnto it beating downe euery high thing as Paul sayth excluding from heauē all that beleeue not therein as strongly with the spirituall fire thereof conuincing the stiffenecked pride of vnbeleeuers as euer Moses or Elias did by the plagues of Egypt and famine conuince the rebellious Egyptians and stiffe-necked Israelites Neither shall it be enough to disgrace corrupt and suppresse them but KILLED must they be at the last To which purpose commeth forth Censura generalis vt mucrone censorio iugulare eas possit and cutteth their throates indeed For the Authour ordaineth all Translations but their owne to be burnt which is yet commonly practised nay he professeth he commeth not to correct but to destroy them controlling and calling euery place of Scripture Hereticall that

deposing of Kings And for the second point he bringeth no proofe to the contrary but Pasce oues meas and Tibi dabo claues regni coelorum and That no Catholike euer doubted of it So as I may truely say of him that he either vnderstandeth not or at least will not seeme to vnderstand my Booke in neuer directly answering the maine question as I haue already sayd and so may I iustly turne ouer vpon himselfe that doome of ignorance which in the beginning of his Booke he rashly pronounceth vpon me saying that I neither vnderstand the Popes Breues his Letter nor the Oath it selfe And as hee delighteth to repeat ouer and ouer I know not how oft and triumpheth in this wrong inference of his That to deny the Popes power to depose Kings 〈◊〉 ●o deny the Popes Primacie and his spirituall power of Excommunication So doeth he vpon that ground of Pasce oues meas giue the Pope so ample a power ouer Kings to throne or dethrone them at his pleasure and yet onely subiecting Christian Kings to that slauerie as I doubt not but in your owne Honours yee will resent you of such indignities the rather since it concernes so many of you as professe the Romish religion farre more then me For since hee accounteth me an heretike like Iulian the Apostate I am consequently extra caulam and none of the Popes flocke and so am in the case of Ethnicke Princes ouer whom he confesseth the Pope hath no power But yee are in the Popes folde and you that great Pastour may leade as sheepe to the slaughter when it shall please him And as the asses eares must be hornes if the Lion list so to interpret it so must ye be remoued as scabbed sheepe from the flocke if so be the Pope thinke you to be though your skinne be indeed neuer so sound Thus hath hee set such a new goodly interpretation vpon the words of CHRIST Pasce oues meas as if it were as much to say as depose Christian Kings and that Quodcunque solueris gaue the Pope power to dispense with all sorts of Othes Vowes Penalties Censurers Lawes euen with the naturall obedience of Subiects to their Souereigne Lords much like to that new coined glosse that his brother Baronius made vpon the words in S. Peters vision Surge Petre occide manduca That is said hee to the Pope Goe kill and confound the Venetians And because I haue in my Booke by citing a place in his controuersies discouered him to be a small friend to Kings hee is much commoued For whereas in his said Controuersies speaking de Clericis hee is so bold as to affirme that Church-men are exempted from the power of earthly Kings and that they ought them no subiection euen in temporall matters but onely virationis and in their owne discretion for the preseruation of peace and good order because I say citing this place of his in my Booke I tell with admiration that he freeth all Church-men from any subiection to Kings euen those that are their borne-Subiects hee is angry with this phrase and sayth it is an addition for breeding enuie vnto him and raising of hatred against him For saith hee although Bellarmine affirmed generally that Church-men were not subiect to earthly Kings yet did he not insert that particular clause though they were borne and dwelling in their dominions as if the words of Church-men and earthly Kings in generall imported not as much for Layicks as well as Church-men are subiect to none but to their naturall Soueraigne And yet doeth he not sticke to confesse that he meant it though it was not fit he saith to be expressed And thus quarrels hee me for reuealing his Printed secret But whose hatred did he feare in this was it not yours Who haue interest but KINGS in the withdrawing of true Subiection from Kings And when the greatest Monarchs amongst you will remember that almost the third part of your Subiects and of your Territories is Church-men and Church-liuings I hope yee will then consider and weigh what a feather hee puls out of your wings when he denudeth you of so many Subiects and their possessions in the Popes fauour nay what bryers and thornes are left within the heart of your Dominions when so populous and potent a partie shall haue their birth education and liuelyhood in your Countries and yet owe you no Subiection nor acknowledge you for their SOVERAIGNES So as where the Church-men of old were content with their tythe of euery mans goods the Pope now will haue little lesse then the third part of euery Kings Subiects and Dominions And as in this place so throughout all the rest of his booke hee doeth nothing but amplifie the Popes power ouer Kings and exaggerate my vnreasonable rigour for pressing this Oath which he will needes haue to bee nothing but a renewed Oath of Supremacie in more subtill and craftie termes onely to robbe the Pope of his Primacie and spirituall power making his temporall power and authoritie ouer Princes to bee one of the chiefe ARTICLES of the Catholike faith But that it may the better appeare vnto you that all my labour and intention in this errand was onely to meddle with that due temporall Obedience which my Subiects owe vnto mee and not to entrap nor inthrall their Consciences as he most falsly affirmes Ye shall first see how farre other Godly and Christian Emperours and Kings were from acknowledging the Popes temporall Supremacie ouer them nay haue created controlled and deposed Popes and next what a number of my Predecessors in this Kingdome haue at al occasions euen in the times of the greatest Greatnesse of Popes resisted and plainely withstood them in this part And first all Christian Emperours were for a long time so farre from acknowledging the Popes Superioritie ouer them as by the contrary the Popes acknowledged themselves for their Vassals reuerencing and obeying the Emperours as their Lords for proofe whereof I remit you to my Apologie And for the creating of Popes the Emperours were in so long and continuall possession thereof as I will vse for my first witnesse a Pope himselfe who in a Synod of an hundreth fifty and three Bishops and Abbots did ordaine That the Emperour CHARLES the Great should haue the Right of choosing the Pope and ordaining the Apostolicall Seate and the dignitie of the Romane Principalitie nay farther hee ordained That all Archbishops and Bishops should receiue their Inuestiture from the Emperour or els be of no auaile And that a Bishop wanting it should not bee consecrate pronouncing an Anathema against all that should disobey this Sentence And that the Emperours assent to the Popes Election was a thing ordinary for a long time Platina and a number of the Popes owne writers beare witnesse And Bellarmine himselfe in his booke of Controuersies cannot get it handsomely denied Nay the Popes were euen forced then to pay a certaine summe of money

before hee lost his head to fil it with I haue great reason to doubt if he would haue constantly perseuered in induring his martyrdome for that one most waightie head of doctrine And surely these two captaines and ringleaders to martyrdome were but ill folowed by the rest of their countrymen for I can neuer reade of any after them being of any great account and that not many that euer sealed that weighty head of doctrine with their blood in England So as the true causes of their first falling in trouble wherof I haue already made mention being rightly considered vpon the one part and vpon the other the scant number of witnesses that with their blood sealed it a point so greatly accounted of by our Cardinal there can but smal glory redound therby to our English nation these onely two Enoch and Elias seruing for witnesses against our Antichristian doctrine And I am sure the Supremacie of Kings may and will euer be better maintained by the word of God which must euer bee the true rule to discerne al weighty heads of doctrine by to be the true and proper office of Christian Kings in their owne dominions then he wil be euer able to maintaine his annihilating Kings their authorities together with his base vnreuerend speeches of them wherewith both his former great Volumes and his late Bookes against Venice are filled In the old Testament Kings were directly Gouernours ouer the Church within their Dominions purged their corruptions reformed their abuses brought the Arke to her resting place the King dancing before it built the Temple dedicated the same assisting in their owne persons to the sanctification thereof made the booke of the Law new-sound to be read to the people renewed the couenant betweene God and his people brused the brasen Serpent in pieces which was set vp by the expresse cōmandement of God and was a figure of Christ destroyed all Idols and false gods made a publike reformation by a Commission of Secular men and Priests mixed for that purpose deposed the hie Priest and set vp another in his place and generally ordered euery thing belonging to the Church-gouerment their Titles and Prerogatiues giuen them by God agreeing to these their actions They are called the Sonnes of the most High nay Gods themselues The Lords anoynted Sitting in Gods throne His seruants The Angels of God According to his hearts desire The light of Israel The nursing fathers of the Church with innumerable such stiles of honor wherwith the old Testament is filled wherof our aduersary can pretend no ignorance And as to the new Testament Euery soule is commaunded to be subiect vnto them euen for conscience sake All men must bee prayed for but especially Kings and those that are in Authority that vnder them we may lead a godly peaceable and an honest life The Magistrate is the minister of God to doe vengeance on him that doth euill reward him that doeth well Ye must obey all higher powers but especially Princes and those that are supereminent Giue euery man his due feare to whom feare belongeth and honour to whome honour Giue vnto Caesar what is Caesars and to God what is Gods Regnum meum non est huius mundi Quis me constituit Iudicem super vos Reges gentium dominantur eorum vos autem non sic If these examples sentences titles and prerogatiues and innumerable other in the old and new Testament do not warrant Christian Kings within their owne dominions to gouerne the Church as well as the rest of their people in being Custod es vtriusque Tabulae not by making new articles of faith which is the Popes office as I saide before but by cōmanding obedience to be giuen to the word of God by reforming the religion according to his prescribed will by assisting the spiritual power with the temporal sword by reforming of corruptions by procuring due obedience to the Church by iudging and cutting off all friuolous questions and Schismes as Constantine did and finally by making decorum to bee obserued in euery thing establishing orders to be obserued in al indifferent things for that purpose which is the only intent of our Oath of Supremacy If this Office of a King I say doe not agree with the power giuen him by Gods word let any indifferent man voyd of passion iudge But how these honourable offices styles and prerogatiues giuen by God to Kings in the old new Testament as I haue now cited can agree with the braue stiles and titles that Bellarmine giueth thē I can hardly conceiue 1. That Kings are rather slaues then Lords 2. That they are not only subiects to Popes to Bishops to Priests but euen to Deacons 3. That an Emperour must content himselfe to drinke not onely after a Bishop but after a Bishops Chaplen 4. That Kings haue not their authority nor office immediatly from God nor his Lawe but onely from the Law of Nations 5. That Popes haue degraded many Emperours but neuer Emperour degraded the Pope nay euen Bishops that are but the Popes vassals may depose Kings and abrogate their lawes 6. That Church-men are so farre aboue Kings as the soule is aboue the body 7. That Kings may be deposed by their people for diuers respects 8. But Popes can by no meanes bee deposed for no flesh hath power to iudge of them 9. That obedience due to the Pope is for conscience sake 10. But the obedience due to Kings is onely for certaine respects of order and policie 11. That these very Church-men that are borne and inhabite in Soueraigne Princes countreys are notwithstanding not their Subiects and cannot be iudged by them although they may iudge them 12. And that the obedience that Churchmen giue to Princes euen in the meanest and meere temporall things is not by way of any necessary subiection but onely out of discretion and for obseruation of good order and custome These contrarieties betweene the booke of God and Bellarmines books haue I heere set in opposition ech to other Vt ex contrarijs iuxta se positis veritas magis elucescere possit And thus farre I dare boldly affirme that whosoeuer will indifferently weigh these irreconciliable contradictions here set downe wil easily confesse that CHRIST is no more contrary to Beliall light to darkenesse and heauen to hell then Bellarmines estimation of Kings is to Gods Now as to the conclusion of his letter which is onely filled with strong and pithy exhortations to perswade and confirme Blackwell to the patient and constant induring of Martyrdome I haue nothing to answere saue by way of regrate that so many good sentences drawen out of the Scripture so well and so handsomely packed vp together should bee so ill and vntruely