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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47167	A refutation of three opposers of truth by plain evidence of the holy Scripture, viz. I. Of Pardon Tillinghast, who pleadeth for water-baptism, its being a Gospel-precept, and opposeth Christ within, as a false Christ. To which is added, something concerning the Supper, &c. II. Of B. Keech, in his book called, A tutor for children, where he disputeth against the sufficiency of the light within, in order of salvation; and calleth Christ in the heart, a false Christ in the secret chamber. II. Of Cotton Mather, who in his appendix to his book, called, Memorable providences, relating to witchcrafts, &c. doth so weakly defend his father Increase Mather from being justly chargeable with abusing the honest people called Quakers, that he doth the more lay open his fathers nakedness; and beside the abuses and injuries that his father had cast upon that people, C. Mather, the son, addeth new abuses of his own. And a few words of a letter to John Cotton, called a minister, at Plymouth in New England. By George Keith.	Keith, George, 1639?-1716.	1690 (1690)	Wing K199; ESTC W21703	49,228	77

me as first That the outward Form and inward Power of Godliness may not be seperated This we affirm as well as thou and much better than thou for seeing thou denyest Christ within the heart to be the true Christ how canst thou really own the inward power of Godliness Can there be any inward power of Godliness without Christ living dwelling and ruling in the heart Again many of you Baptists affirm That men may be called of God both to preach and baptize and yet have no true Piety or Holyness Which a Baptist Teacher affirmed to me in the hearing of divers witnesses last summer in the shop of one of our Friends at Newport in Rhode-Island and whether this be not thy own perswasion thou art concerned to clear thy self But further how many Hypocrites and vain persons do ye baptize with Water that no real signs do in the least appear in them that the inward power of godliness was joyned with their being baptized with Water Now the thing that thou shouldst have proved was that your Water baptism taken up by you without any true command or so much as a true inward liberty by the spirit of God in your hearts is a Gospel-Precept But this the Apostles witnessed when Peter baptized or caused to be baptized Cornelius and others with him no doubt he both saw and felt his liberty and good allowance by the revelation of Gods holy spirit in his heart so to do and therefore he might well command it at that time to be done yet it doth not follow that it is a Gospel-Precept I say further the outward form of Godliness is intire without Water baptism as at this day administred though when it was practised by the command of God it was a part of the outvvard form And vvhereas thou sayst Iohns preaching and baptizing related to Christs Gospel disenspation citing for this Mark 1. cap. 1 2 3. v. ● Ansvver All this may be granted in a true sence yea I do readily grant it in the true sence so did all the Figures Types of Moses Law all which obscurely and darkly pointed at Christ the pure Gospel dispensation were as it were a symbolical way of preaching Christ his Gospel and therefore it was a good and worthy observation that many antient Christians have made That the Gospel and New Testament lay hid within the vail of the Law and old Testament All these Figures and Shadows of the Law shadowing and figuring Gospel Mysteries unto those whose Eyes are spiritually enlightned to see and understand them And whereas thou citest Mark 's words in the beginning of his book saying The beginning of the Gospel of Iesus Christ the Son of God If I grant thee that both Iohn's preaching and baptism in a true sence is a beginning of the Gospel what gainest thou by it doth it therefore follow that Water-baptism is a pure Gospel Precept and to be observed to the end of the world I deny the consequence And the vanity and falshood of it I shall by Gods assistance plainly demonstrate But first I shall lay down a few plain Positions which I hope scarce any professing themselves Christians that are in any degree intelligent can deny 1 st The Gospel did begin to be preached by the Lord to our first Parents immediately after the Fall when he gave the Promise That the Seed of the Woman should bruise the head of the Serpent And this was before any Law of Types of Figures was given and before Water baptism 2 dly This Gospel Promise was in a solmn way renewed by the Lord to Abraham That in his Seed all Nations of the Earth should be blessed and this was 430 years as Paul noticeth before the Law of Moses And the same Paul saint That the Gospel was preacht to Abraham which is the everlasting Gospel is one the same in all Ages of the world therefore to spake strictly did not take its beginning neither at the beginning of the book of Mark that beginneth with a Voice crying in the Wilderness Prepare the way of the Lord that as it related to Iohn's Ministration in part so it hath a further reach as pointing to an inward Ministration nor yet of Luke who goeth further backward to wit to Zacharias his burning Incence in the Temple and Matthew goeth yet farther backward to Abraham Isaac and Iacob and Iohn furthest of all to the Word that was in the beginning which Word is Christ by whom all things were made and are upheld 3 dly This one everlasting Gospel hath had it various and divers breakings forth and administrations in clearer discoveries and dispensations from age to age until the fullness of time before that fulness of time until Christ had suffered for the sins of the World rose again ascended and gave the holy Ghost to all true believers the Gospel dispensation remained among all the faithful in all Ages but as vai●ed or as the Kirnel within the Shell of the Figures and Types of the Law 4 thly The Law was never given alone by the Lord nor was ever intended by him that any should have eternal Life by the bare observation of the Figures and Shadows of the Law but by faith in Christ and true Gospel Obedience to him but it was as a Schoolmaster to lead unto Christ as Paul hath declared 5 tly These several more clear discoveries and dispensations of the Gospel may be branched forth or distinguished into several degrees and these several degrees may be reduced into three each of which dispensations had their peculiar and proper divine inward Illuminations and influences of Grace and Truth to wit First That discovery that God gave to men by Moses and the written Law and the Prophets until Iohn Secondly From Iohn until Christ dyed and rose again gave the holy Ghost Thirdly That last and most glorious discovery and revelation by the giving of the holy Ghost generally to all true believers in a peculiar influence and operation beyond what ever formerly was given in a general way to believers Again these three may be reduced into two viz. Law and Gospel called by Paul the Two Covenants which until the last greatest and most excellent discovery of the Gospel have been administred as with an excellent mixture as when Water and Wine are mixed together though the liquors be only two in kind yet they admit of many various Mixtures all which are serviceable according to the desire and ability of the drinkers And therefore whereas thou sayst Nor is there any third Dispensation that is neither Law nor Gospel of John's as is imagined In this as in many other things thou fightst against thy own shadow for though in my late book I writ of three Dispensations and prove them sufficiently out of the Scriptures yet I never imagined that there was any one of these three Dispensations that vvas neither Lavv nor Gospel but I thus distinguish them The first is both

Supper did not really eat and drink sufficiently to refresh nourish the Natural Body as well as together with that their Souls were refreshed and nourished with spiritual food for it is most clear that in the Church of Corinth they did eat together to refresh the outward man and this the Apostle did not reprove but their disorderly manner of eating so that some were hungery and others were drunken and some eat at home in private and others did not but tarried to eat together with their Brethren and were at times disappointed This plainly proveth they used to make a real Meal of their eating together but your manner of eating about the quantity of a Nut in Bread and a spoonful one or two in Wine we find no where in all the New Testament and that ye give the cup but once and Christ gave it twice as I have showed in my late book this ye can give no account of and thou hast not taken the least notice of it although it is material to you who pretend to observe every thing as Christ did And why are ye not as zealous for washing one anothers feet and anointing the sick with Oyl I am sure more expresly commanded by Christ and Iames the Apostle than your Water baptism ye can give no just account It seems thou art zealous for laying on of hands which thou reckons also as belonging to the foundation of the Gospel falsly citing and perverting these words in Heb. 6.1 2. for though that place mention the foundation of Faith and Repentance and afterwards the Doctrine of Baptisms and of laying on of hands yet it saith not that either Water baptism or laying on of hands is any part of the foundation and the Doctrine of Baptisms and the laying on of hands is one thing the use of Water baptism is quite another The Doctrine of all the legal Rites Figures and Types remaineth in the Church at this day but the practice of them is abolished and so of Water baptism Before the close of this my Answer I shall further take notice of some other of thy gross impertinencies First Thou usest these idle words by way of reproach So that upon hearing Peter's Testimony not of killing the Light within as the Quakers preach c. Here thou makest it a matter of derision to say Christ who is the Light and the Life may be killed or crucified by mens sins whereby thou declarest thy great ignorance of the Letter of the Scripture that said of some that they crucified the Son of God afresh and surely that was within them and not without and said Iames Ye have killed the just and he hath not resisted you which cannot be understood as if all these to whom he had writ had been guilty of outward Murder But understand how these call'd Quakers mean that Christ is inwardly crucified or slain by mens great sins to wit not in himself for his Life is an Immortal Principle but unto them so that by their sins they wholly deprive themselves of the enjoyment of it 2 dly Thou sayst While Peter is speaking not mentioning ought of the Light within altho' we deny it not where God would have it spoken of Behold here another bitter and satyrical Scoff against the Light within and what altho' Peter mention not the Light within in that place Acts 10. in express words let the place be considered and it shall be found plainly enough implied in that very discourse of Peter see v. 42. said Peter that it is even Jesus of Nazareth who was ordained to be judge of quick and dead And can this be without the Light within that shall be as a thousand Witnesses against the wicked in that great day of Judgment when the books shall be opened not only the book of Conscience but the Lords Light in the Conseience that did see and reprove them and witness against them when they sinned And whereas thou sayst thou denyest not the Light within when God would have it spoken of I say thou denyest it in so far as thou denyest Christ in the heart who is the true Light callest him a false Christ and also that thou blamest the Quakers for pretending to inward Revelations which ye Baptists generally deny therein agreeing with the dark Priests and other dark Professors 3 dly Thou dost represent the Quakers as denying that Christ is come in the flesh and carrying it in a subtil notion that he is come in their flesh This is a most false and injurious Accusation we most faithfully believe and embrace it as a most faithful saying That Christ Iesus is come in the flesh to wit in that very Body of Flesh which was conceived by the holy Ghost and born of the Virgin Mary dyed and rose again c. and yet according to Scripture we also believe That the Life of Iesus is made manifest in mortal Flesh and that the Bodies of the Saints are the Temples of God and of Christ of the holy Spirit and that the Saints are his Members and He their Head and that they enjoy and possess a measure of the same holy Spirit that dwelt and dwelleth in him in all fullness and tho' some divine Illumination and manifestation of the Spirit of God be given to all men in a day or time according to plain Scripture yet we do not say tha● all men have the holy Spirit or are baptized with it as thou dost falsly represent us for many men are sensual not having the Spirit and the Spirit of God hath left many men and doth no more invite and call them to Repentance the day of their Visitation being over 4 thly Thou dost insinuate as if we did not believe any other Coming of Christ than his inward coming in his Saints which is false as also is that other gross alledgance of thine That our opposition to Water Baptism is raised against the Person of Iesus Christ and the remembrance of his last Coming This I altogether deny as False Wicked and Injurious we do believe and make it our care to remember that our Lord Jesus is in Heaven in his glorified Body Soul and Spirit of true Man that Seed of David and Abraham and that he shall come again and jud●e both quick and dead even the Man Christ Iesus And as for thy other many false Accusations and hard bitter and reproachful Speeches against us and me in particular I shall not waste paper nor time to repeat them but heartily wish thy Repentance and the opening of thy dark Understanding to the acknowledging and confessing to the Truth if it be the good will of God that so it may come to pass before thy dayes be expired And now ye Water Baptists who plead so earnestly for Water Baptism though in opposition to the living and glorious Appearance of the Lord Jesus Christ in the hearts of his Saints some of you calling Christ in the heart a false Christ in the secret Chamber the which

his Father made a distinction betwixt the late singing and dancing Quakers yet the Son Cotton thinking himself more wise than his Father maketh no distinction at all and will have Cases Crew and all other Quakers which he as falsly as foolishly calleth Keith's Crew to be substantially of the same drove both Mad tho' with some variety of application in their Phrensies This is barely alledged but not in the least proved and therefore needeth no further Answer The honest People called Quakers through the Love and Grace of God whereof they are made partakers without boasting or vain-glorying may in general be compared to the best of your Church Members in Sobriety and good Christian Behaviour It hath been the lot of good men before us to be called Mad and worse But thou hast given us no evidence or proof that we are so and therefore it returns upon thee as a Calumny and Slander And whereas thou sayst One Keith a Quaker had been compassing Sea and Land to make Proselites visits New-England in his Progress where meeting with small Applause and less Success instead of Converts picks up what Quarrels our Country could afford him and among the rest this Book of Providences Answ. That I have travelled in many places both by Sea and Land to turn People unto the Lord and from Darkness to Light I am not ashamed to acknowledge for so did many of the Servants of God in former Generations and not like Cotton Mather and his Brethren generally who creep into one certain place or House and there continue to preach for hire and rarely remove but when the motive of a greater Sallary doth invite them And as for mens applause I regard it not whether great or small I seek not honour of men but the honour that cometh of God that doth satisfie me and the good and Christian esteem that I have in the hearts of many Brethren as well as my honest Report among men that truly know me which hath not been wanting to me in New-England as well as in other places where I have travell'd and as for Success in my Ministry and being made instrumental to convert some and build up others in the most holy Faith through the Grace of God I need not bear witness to my self but if need were many can bear witness to it even in New-England so that my labour in New-England hath not been in vain and I hope yet to see more the fruit and effect of it through the blessing of God Next whereas thou sayst At my return to Pennsilvania I bless the World with a little Volumn of Heresies and Blasphemies against the Protestant Religion Here thy scoffing airy Spirit appeareth as oft else-where how can the world be blessed with a Volumn of Heresies and Blasphemies But that my book containeth either Heresie or Blasphemy thou hast not yet showed far less proved Thou callest my Book Some further improvements of Non-sence than the Abilities of the Quakers had heretofore helped them to and after a few lines thou sayst I have been craftily assaying to spoil your Vines This seemeth not well to consist if my Book be nothing but Non-sence how can it or I by it craftily assay to spoil your Vines Craft and Non-sence seldom go all along together And that thou sayst thou supposest I will not be long without the Castigations of a full though short Answer c. I fear not this menacing if any such pretended Castigation come forth tho' thou callest me a Fly I doubt not but if I live God will enable me to detect the vanity and impertinency thereof or if removed by Death that he will raise up some of his Servants to do it But that thou sayst The twelfth Article I charge on you is directly contrary to what ye assert and maintain and preach every day and then add'st scoffingly after thy wonted manner This was his Inspiration then I Answer Then why dost thou not produce this twefth Article and demonstrate it so to be as thou affirmest But I say thy Affirmation is false in that very thing the 12th Article being this in express words That the Scriptures ought to be believed only for their own outward Evidence and Testimony and not for the inward Evidence and Testimony of the holy Spirit in mens hearts That this is justly charged on you I need not much enlarge to prove it at present only in short I prove it thus Seeing ye deny true divine Inspiration and inward Revelation of the holy Spirit in the hearts of the Saints ye must needs deny the inward Evidence and Testimony of the holy Spirit for they are one and that ye deny the former is plain from the express words of your Confession that saith There is no new Revelation and the former wayes of Gods revealing his Mind are ceased 2 dly Iohn Owen whom ye used to call your Reverend Brother hath writ a large Book to prove the self-evidencing Power and Authority of the Scriptures and denyeth that it deriveth its evidence from the inward Revelation or Inspiration of the holy Spirit in mens hearts yea thou thy self scoffest at Inspiration in this very place and else-where and tho' in words ye seem to own the inward Testimony of the Spirit yet in Deed ye disown it while ye deny true divine Revelation and Inspiration properly so call'd 3 dly If ye did indeed believe the Scriptures for the inward Evidence and Testimony of the holy Spirit then ye would acknowledge it to be the principal Rule of Faith but this ye do not for ye say in your Confession The Word of God contained in the Scriptures is the only Rule c. Whereas I said in my Book That when some of T. Cases Crew were whipt at Plymouth some of the honest People call'd Quakers openly declared before the People that the Quakers did not at all own them to be of their Society To this thou makest no direct Reply but sayst I am to ask him who of this honest People then it was that then declared them to be the dear Children of God I Answer readily No not one and I challenge thee to instance any one owned by the Society of that honest People that so declared But this question of thine is a meer deceitful Evasion containing in it some Insinuation as if some did so declare which is utterly false Next as to the story in old England taken from H. More concerning one Robert Churchman that was no Quaker but only had some inclination to be a Quaker as H. More doth alledge and he imagined that the Spirit of God spake in him and at last it appeared it was not so but that the man was under some mistake or suppose a real Possession of the Devil To this I answered What can all this say to discredit the Quakers Religion and Principle Have there not been mad People and whimsical both of the Presbyterian and Independent Churches To this thou answerest not denying but that a Possession

of evil Spirits may befall one of your Communion What then the Possession does not move any to be of that Communion we see the contrary But the stories recorded by thy Father thou sayst plainly enough demonstrate that Diabolical Possession was the thing which did dispose and incline men unto Quakerism Also thou sayst their Quakerism was the proper effect of their Possession and not an unconcerned consequence Answ. This is most wretchedly alledged but no wise proved for none of these Instances prove in the least that Diabolical Possession did dispose and incline any man to be really of our fellowship or Society tho' it may well enough be granted that the Devil may dispose and incline men to think or imagine themselves to be true Christians but it doth not therefore follow that he doth dispose or incline them to be really such And let Cotton Mather answer me this Question Whether he thinks it not possible that some Diabolical Possession may incline or dispose a man to pretend to be in outward Profession a Presbyterian or Independent This he cannot deny for there is no outward Profession of Godliness but the Devil may incline men unto while in the mean time he have the Government of them he careth not what they profess yea he may incline them to the highest Profession so as even to confess to Christ to his true Servants as is most clear in the case of those Devils that did Bodily possess some who did confess to Christ Mat. 8.29 and also to his true Servants Acts 16.17 These men are the Servants of the most high God which shew unto us the way of Salvation Now what sayst thou Cotton Mather to this doth it not here plainly appear that the Devil in this possessed Damsel did acknowledge Paul and Silas to be the Servants of the living God and consequently that the Religion they professed was the true Religion Doth it therefore follow that Diabolical Possession in this Damsel did incline her to be of Pauls Religion Doth not both thy Fathers weakness and thine also manifestly appear in this Charge for if either thou or thy Father had lived at that time when the Devil gave that Testimony to Christ and to Paul and to Silas by your Argument the Christian Faith and Religion was not true Thou and thy Father also are very ignorant of the Devils devices if ye know not that he can transform himself as an Angel of Light and incline or dispose men to any outward form or profession whatsoever and also to confess to the Truth it self but not to live and walk in the Truth But however seeing by this instance of Rob. Churchman brought by thy Father thou grantest That thy Fathers design was to show that Diabolical Possession was the thing that did incline men unto Quakerism By this thou quite over turnest what thou saidst formerly That thy Father made a distinction betwixt Quakers Mad and Bodily possessed with the Devil and other Quakers for now thou plainly confessest That thy Father brought these Stories to prove that Diabolical Possession did dispose and incline men unto Quakerism And that our Religion called in scorn by thee Quakerism was the effect of Diabolical Possession without making any distinction It seems thou didst not mind that true saying A Lyar should have a good Memory Is this thy Vindication of thy Father as if he had made a distinction betwixt Mad Quakers and Others and presently again to say They are all one It is rather Ham-like to uncover thy Father Nakedness as I leave to every impartial Reader to judge And whereas I said in my Book That I. M. hath shewed his rashness and folly in some other passages of his Life if not Malice that hath occasioned him for some time past to abscond c. In answer to this thou art so far from covering thy Fathers Nakedness that thou layest it open in the face of the world telling a long story How thy Father did declare in a Letter to a certain Person that several shrowd things would make him suspect a Person he nameth the Author of a Letter that was a most villanous Forgery filled with Treason and Madness whereupon that Person sued him in an Action of Defamation Now doth not Increase Mather's Folly and Rashness plainly appear to charge a man with a Crime he could no wise sufficiently prove and fearing the event of the Tryal being sued in an Action of Defamation did abscond and so privately escaped to England all which C. Mather cannot deny only he telleth the World That his Father intended a Voyage to England to endeavour the service of his afflicted Country But whether it was so or not doth not clear him of great Rashness and Folly to charge a man with what he could not prove and for his Success of Affairs in England whatever Cotton his Son boasteth of it it doth not yet appear It had been more becoming Increase Mather if he had been a true Minister of Christ not to meddle so much in worldly Affairs as to have left them he calleth his Flock now for some years without returning to look after them And it had been better for New-England that the men called their Ministers had not meddled so much with their outward Affairs and Concerns which hath proved to their great damage in many respects I can truly say I bear a good will to the People of all sorts in New-England and do heartily desire their well-fare in all respects but am very sorry to see them so mis-led by their blind Guides to their great danger both as to their Eternal and Temporal state O that the Lord may open their Eyes so as no more to follow these blind Leaders of the blind which I hope in due time he will do to many As to these scurrilous and most indecent Expressions and Words he useth against some lately in outward Authority I need say no more but that he showeth thereby the meanness of his Spirit and ill breeding He quarrelleth against my Book because some of the Copies were bound up in Ozenburgs Linnin which he calleth Canvas and thereupon maketh a silly jest as if like one of the Witnesses I would prophesie in Sack-cloth But that some of my Books were bound up in Ozenburgs was only that the Printer could not have Leather to bind them all up in the condition of the Country at present after so new and late settling not affording largeness of Leather nor is this manner of binding up Books in Ozenburgs unusual in some more antient Plantations than this And must this Cotton Mather turn this into a Jest Hath he forgot how the first settlers in New-England not very long ago were reduced to a few grains of Indian Corn many of them and had no other Bread But now Iesurun like many of them through plenty are waxed fat kick He professeth as seemingly to be against the Magistrates inflicting any punishment upon any supposed Heretick But how shall