MARCVS Tullius Ciceroes thre bokes of duties to Marcus his sonne turned oute of latine into english by Nicolas Grimalde ¶ Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum ¶ Anno domini 1556. TO THE RIGHT REuerend father in god his singular good lorde Thomas Bisshop of Elie one of the King Quenes Maiesties moste honorable priuie Counsell HAuyng recourse of late right reuerend father to y â— olde studies y t I once applied in y e vniuersitie and getting soÌ„me frute of quiet life to the perusing and recording of those things wherwith in time past I felt myself greatly both delited and furdered I gaue my minde chiefly to such kinde of lerning as wold serue best bothe to the order of my studie also to the gouernauÌ„ce of my life so that comparing my experience and reading togither I might make my priuate diligence in studieng do serâ—… to the opeÌ„ vse ofliuing In folowing of which intent what by incre ase of iudgement for yeres what by trauatliÌ„g abrode in y â— world I fouÌ„de euer more and more so new profits commodities y â— wheras methought I had seene but y â— shadow of thinges now I begin more to see as it wer the holle bodie therof And moste of all this proofe I haue in y â— greatest and moste profitable parte of philosophie which is coÌ„cerning maners and namely in the bokes that of duties be written by Marcus Tullius Cicero a mater conteining the holle trade how to liue among men discreetly and honestly and so rightly pointing oute the pathwaye to all vertue as none can be righter onely Scripture excepted Insomuch that when I had well considerd alltogither I saide with miself concerning this as did a certein lerned maÌ„ not long ago by Homer This is the fift time I haue redde ouer this author and as oft as I reade him so oft somwhat I finde that I marked not before and that hath neede to be deeply pondered so y t I fansied at the first he was easie but now methinks he requires a verie heedfull a musing reader Wherfore not without maruailous greate pleasure espyeng y â— either in priuate life to attein quietnesse and contentation or in office-bearing to winne fame honour or in euerie estate bothe to auoyde disorder and enormitie and also to keepe a right rule commeÌ„dable behauiour this boke playnly is y â— myrrour of wisdom y â— fortres of iustice the master of manlinesse the schoole of temperance the iewell of coÌ„melinesse I wisshed many mo to be parteners of such sweetnesse as I had partly felt myself to declare that I meÌ„t nolesse thaÌ„ I wisshed I laied to my helping hand endeuouring by translation to do likewise for my contriemeÌ„ne as ItaliaÌ„s FreÌ„chmeÌ„ Spaniardes DutchmeÌ„ other foreins haue liberally done for theyrs So chiefly for our vnlatined people I haue made this latine writer english haue now brought into light y â— from them so longe was hidden haue caused an auncieÌ„t wryting to beecoÌ„me in a maner newe agayne and a boke vsed but of fewe to war coÌ„mon to a great meany so that our meÌ„ vnderstaÌ„ding what atreasure is amonge them for the fashioning of their life and beeing by nature most of all other nations giueÌ„ to ciuilitie humanitie wheÌ„ thei shall be aided directed by these perfite precepts may in all pointes of good demeanour becoÌ„me people perelesse Yet iudge I all this labour litleworthe smally or nothing able to preuaile withoute your honorable lordship were patrone herof to whoÌ„ I do dedicate bothe my good hert my worke also I call it mine as Plautus and Terence called the comedies theyrs which they made oute of Greeke not as to teache your lordshipp ought that you haue not allredy but by your authoritie to gett it the more estimacion w t other For as Tullies treatise beeing so full of lerning asketh alerned mans iudgement which whoso refuse thei showe themselues to be vnwise eueÌ„ so such a noble CouÌ„seler of EnglaÌ„d seemeth most meete to receiue so noble a Senatour of Rome into a straunge region Doutlesse among so many honorable deedes of your lordships it shall not be the leste honorable if ye do Marcus Tullius this honour to welcoÌ„me him hither and to be the verie cause that so famous a Romane may becomme familiar with our English men So shall a worthy pere be worthylie entreated as very curtesie requireth so your lordshipps iudgement must needes be well lyked which is woÌ„te to alow louely knowledge goodnesse so wyll the coÌ„mon people more hyely esteeme the thing as it is expedient for them to do and the soner also will they folow these hollsome lessons which is full necessarie in a well ordered state to be short your lordship for a chosen patrone my translation for a welcome worke Tullie shall be takeÌ„ for such a Tullie as he is And like as Marcê° Cicero w t the authoritie of a father commended these bokes to his yonge Cicero so wheÌ„ our English youth shall beholde them once authorised by so reuerend a father in god nodoute they will be the rather in loue with them and will counte it pleasaunt paines taking here to enriche themselues with enformations of vertue ensaumples oute of stories morall doctrine politike prudeÌ„ce antiquitie varietie of maruailous maters so conningly oratorially treated and endited as hee was able to declare expresse who was the first and the chief that euer cladde ladie Philosophie in Romane attire Thus verie lothe to let your lordship from your weighty affaires I make an end praye god longe to preserue your honorable lordship in helth with increase of honour Your humble oratour Nicolas Grimalde N. G. to the reader ALl thinges in the world good reader be made for soÌ„me vse end which end is more worthe than all that dothe seruice therunto and where bothe the end is good whatso serues therto there y â— holle doing is likewise good In vs the best ende is to vse ourselues well and worthyly who in the order of naturall thinges ar of the best and worthyest kinde For what is ther that can vse itself onlesse it bee enfourmed with reason and vnderstanding DuÌ„me creatures and liuelesse of other bee vsed but themselues can they neuer vse Beastes endewed with life and sense maye seeme to haue soÌ„me seÌ„blauÌ„t herof in y t they vse theyr feediÌ„g lodging other necessaries yet therbi they obtein neither praise nor dispraise seeing they do it not of any free choyse but onely by the motion of kinde as theyr appetite draweth them But we who haue the greate gift of witt reason must not most of all sticke still in y â— appetite to gett nothing els but pleasure profit but ensewing the heuenly guyde of our nature must be ledde to the desire of trouth honour seemlinesse wherw t the more that we bee decked adourned beautified y t â—…rder we bee from the
preseruation of helth nor sailing nor ground tilth and trimming nor the inning and sauing of corne and other frutes without labour of men could haue bene anie at all Now moreouer bothe cariage oute of those things wherwith we wer stored and conueiauÌ„ce iÌ„ of those which we should neede ther could be doutlesse none eâ—…cept men should doe these offices And in like maner nother stones should bee hewed out of quarreis necessarie to our vse nother yron golde brasse siluer deepe hidden could bee digged vp without the labour hande of maÌ„ Howses also wherby bothe y â— sharpenesse of colde might be defâ—…nded the noiauÌ„ce of heate might be assuaged froÌ„ wheÌ„ce either at y â— beginning mought they haue been giueÌ„ to maÌ„kiÌ„de or after doo ease if either by violence of teÌ„pest or by earthquake or oldeness they had gone to wracke excepte common life had learned of men to aske the ayde for these thinges Adde herunto conduits of water turning of riuers letting in water ouer groundes wharts made against streames hauens cast by hande which without mennes worke we might not haue By all which and manie other thinges it is euident that by no meanes without mannes hande and trauail wee could haue receiued the fruites and profites which bee gotten of those things that be liuelesse What frutes also of beastes or what commoditie could ther bee taken but if men should help therto For euen they doutlesse were men who were the chiefe in deuising what vse wee might haue of eche beast nor at this season without mennes seruice might wee either keepe horses or breake them or saue them or of them take seasonable commodities and by men also bothe those beastes bee killed which doo hurt and those bee taken which may doo seruice What should I noumber vp a heape of arts without which mannes life could haue bene none at all For who should ease the sicke What delite should ther bee amonge the healthfull what diet what apparaile onlesse so manie arts shoulde serue vs. With which things maÌ„s life beeing furnished is becomme so farre different from the feeding and cote of beastes Cities also without the assemble of men could neither bee builded nor peopled Wherupon ordinaunces and customes were made also an indifferent setting oute of lawe and a sure rule to liue after by which the life is ledde well and wealfullie Which thinges bothe the myldnesse of mindes and shamefastnesse hath folowed and it is brought to passe that our life shoulde bee the more safegarded and that by giuing and taking and enterchaÌ„unging of goodes pleasures we should waÌ„t nothing We bee longer in this place than neede requires For who is he to whom those things ar not manifest which in mo woordes bee recited of Panetius that neither anie captein in warre nor prince at home could haue atchieued greate feates auailable without meÌ„nes endeuour Kehersed of him is Themistocles Pericles Cyrus Agesilaus Alexander whom he denieth to haue bene able to commepasse so great thirgs without the ayde of men In a mater nowhit doutfull he vseth witnesses nowhit necessarie And as we obtein great commodities by the like minde and consente of men so ther is none so lothesomme a pestilence which dothe not growe to man by man Ther is a booke of Dicearchus vpon the death of men who was a greate Peripatetik and plentifull and after the other causes gathered togither as of waterbreakes of pestilence of destruction yea and of the sodain flocking togither of beasts by whose violeÌ„ce he showeth how certein kindes of men wer consumed afterward he makes comparison how manie mo men haue bene destroyed by mennes violence that is by warre or rebellion than by all other miserie Seeing then this place hath no maner of doute but that men both profit and hurte menne veriemuch I pointe this to bee a propertie of vertue to winne mennes heartes to her and binde them to her vse Therfore whatso in things liuelesse and whatso in the vse and occupyeng of beastes is done profitablie to mannes life it is all appointed to the laboursomme trades But mennes good wills that bee preste and readie to the aduauncement of our estate bee stirred vp by the wisdome and vertue of excellente menne For all vertue in a maner consisteth in three poinctes Wherof one is in thorowseeing what in euerie thing is true and perfit what agreable to eche thig what is the sequele wherof all things growe what is the cause of euerie thing The other to kepe in the troublesomme moodes of the minde which the greeks name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and to make the appetites which thei call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 obedieÌ„t vnto reasoÌ„ The third to vse them soberlie and skilfullie with whom we be conuersaunt by whose good wills we may haue those things at fill and heaped which nature desires yea by them if any harm be brought vpoÌ„ vs we may it auoide maie be wreaked of those which haue gone about to hurt vs and maie paye them with so much ponnishment as equitie and mannes gentlenesse dothe beare But by what meanes wee maie attein this power that wee maie commepasse mennes good wills and retein the same we shall saie and that not long hereafter But a fewe words ar to bee saide before That a greate power ther is in fortune on eyther side either for welfare or euillfare who is ignoraunt For bothe when wee enioye her prosperous blast we ar caried to our desired ends and when her winde is turned wee ar afflicted This same fortune then hath other chaunces which be seldomer first that comme from things liuelesse as seastormes teÌ„pests shipwracks dounfalls burnings then from beasts as stripes bytinges ouerruÌ„nings These therfore as I said bee seldomer But the destruccion of armies as alate of three ofteÌ„ of manie slaughter of capteins as latelie of a noble and singular maÌ„ the enuâ—…engs moreouer of the multitude and by reason of thesame oftentimes the banishments the miseries the fleeinges awaie of the welldeseruing citiezeÌ„s and again prosperitie honour empire victorie although they bee in fortunes haÌ„de â—…et without meÌ„nes trauails and studies on neither side they can bee brought to passe This then knowne wee muste declare by what meanes we maye allure and styrre vp mennes good wills to our profits The which processe if it bee sommewhat long lette it bee compared with the greatnesse of the profit so perhaps euen soÌ„mewhat to shorte it shall seme What soeuer then men giue to a man to enriche and aduaunce him either they doe it for good will when for soÌ„me cause they beare affection to anie orels for honours sake if they reuerence anie mannes vertue think him woorthie of moste fortunate estate or in whom they haue a trust and doe suppose theÌ„ to prouide well for their maters orels whose power they
be iust who dreedeth death paine banishment or pouertie nor any y t before equitie preferreth the contraries And moste of all they wonder at him who is not tempted with money â—… in what man that is well tried him think they worthie to be regarded Therfore iustice dothe worke all those three which be pointed oute for glorie and gettes good will also bicause it meanes to profit verie manie and for the same cause it worketh credit likewise and admiratioÌ„ bicause it despiseth noughâ—… regardeth those thinges wherunto moste men enkindled with greedinesse be haled And surelie after my iudgement euerie trade and order of life requireth the aydes of men â—… chieflie that ye haue somme with whom you may debate in familiar talk which is hard onlesse ye beare vpoÌ„ you the showe of an honest maÌ„ Therfore opinion of iustice is necessarie euen to the aloneliuer and one that leades his life in y t feeldes yea and so much the more bicause if they haue it not vniust they shall be counted and beeing garded with no defeÌ„ce shall be vexed with manie iniuries And to these also who do sell bye hyre lette and be entaÌ„gled in bargaining bysinesse iustice to go thorow wich their maters is necessarie Whose power is so greate y â— euen they who be fedde with euill doing and mischief caÌ„ not possible liue withoute somme percell of iustice For who stealeth or priuielie pyketh anie thing from anie of theÌ„ with whom he goeth a theeuing he leaueth not himself a place no not in robberie And onlesse he who is named the archpirate deuide the prise egallie either he shall be slaine of his mates or els forsaken Yea and it is said ther ar lawes amonge theeues wherto they obey and doo obserue them And so by reason of the euen portioning of the prise bothe Bargulus the Illyrian robber of whom mention is made in Theopompus had greate riches and much greater had Uiriatus the Lusitane to whome of trouth euen our armies â—…aptains gaue place whom Caius Lelius he that was commonlie called the wise being Pretor didde discomfite and abate so alayed his fersnesse that he left an easie warre to other Seeing then the streÌ„gth of iustice is so great y t it also stablisheth encrcaseth robbers richesse how great suppose we y t power therof to be among lawes iudgemeÌ„ts and ordinauÌ„ces of a coÌ„mon weale Certesse methink not onelie amonge y t Medes as telleth Herodotê° but also among our auÌ„ceters in old time wellcoÌ„ditioned kings haue bene ordeined for y t end of enioyeÌ„g iustice For at the beginning when y â— multitude was oppressed by them who had y â— greater power for refuge they fled to soÌ„me one excelling in vertue who when he saued the weaker froÌ„ iniurie by pâ—…inting out an equitie kept the hyest w t the lowest in indifference of lawe And the like cause ther was of making lawes as of kings for euermore an egall right hathe beene sought for otherwise it wer not a right If they obteined y tsame at the haÌ„des of one iust good man w t him they wer coÌ„tented wheÌ„ y t chaunced not lawes wer deuised which w t all men alwaies in one alike voice shoulde speake Wherfore this is doutlesse a cleare case y â— they wer wonte to be chosen to gouern of whose iustice the opinioÌ„ of the multitude was great And this therto adioined y t they also might be couÌ„ted wise ther was nothing y â— men vnder those guides shoulde wene theÌ„selues vnable to attein Iustice therfore is by all maner meanes to be regarded mainteined bothe it for itselfsake for els it wer not iustice also for y â— enlargement of honour glorie But as ther is a waie not onelie of getting money but also of bestowing it which may suffise for continuall charges not onelie such as be necessarie but also liberall so glorie must be both gotten ordered by a meane Notw tst aÌ„ding notablie Socrates did saie this to be the nerest and as it wer the gaine waie to glo rie if a man wold endeuour this to be in dede such as he wolde be counted And if anie doo deeme theÌ„selues able to attein stedfast glory by false pretence vaine outshow both w t fained spech couÌ„ tenauÌ„ce they be farre out of y â— waie The true glorie taketh deepe roote and also shootes abrode all counterfet thinges do soone shed as do the litle flowers neither can ther anie forged thing be durable Witnesses verie manie ther be on bothe sides but for shortnesse sake we will be contented with one familie For Tyberius Gracchus Publiê° sonne so longe shall be praised as remembrauÌ„ce of the Romane state shall stand But his sonnes neither tiuing wer liked of good men and dedde go in the noumber of menne rightfullie puâ—…e to death Let them then whoso the true glorie will atteine perfourme the duties of iustice What those wer it was tolde in y â— former booke But to y â— ende y â— soone we may seem such maner meÌ„ as we be although the greatest effect is euen in this pointe that wee be such as we wolde be counted yet certein preceptes ar to be giueÌ„ For if anie from his first entered age hathe cause of name and fame either receiued of his father which to you my Cicero I suppose to haue happened or by anie chaunce and fortune on him al meÌ„s yies ar cast and of him ther is serching what he dothe and how he liueth and so as though he should leade his life in moâ—…e open light nother worde nor 〈◊〉 of his can be vnknowne But whose first age is passed withoute mennes knowledge by reason of basenesse vnknowne name these as soâ—…ne as they begin to be yongemen ought to looke after greate thinges and to prease vnto thesame with direct studies Which they shall doe with so much the better corage bicause that age is not onelie not 〈◊〉 but also fauored The chief setting forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—… yongman to glorie is it anâ—… 〈◊〉 may be gotten by seates of 〈◊〉 wherin manie haue showed themselues among our aunceters for warres wer almoste 〈◊〉 kept But your age chaunced vpon that warre where the one side had tomuch mischief the other litle good fortune In which warre yet wheÌ„ Pompeius had made you captein of the one wing bothe of a mâ—… most noble and of the armie you gotte great prayse with riding with throwing the darte and susteining all thinges with a souldiourlike painfulnesse And verilie that your praise and the common-weale fell togither But of me this treatise is not taken in hand touching you but touching the holle generaltie Wherfore let vs go forward to such thinges as do remaine As then in other maters the workes of â—…he minde be much more thaÌ„ of the
which necessitie brings vpon me and not mine own desire Allthough Africanus did gette greater praise euen in my iudgement yet no monuments of his witte put in writing no worke of his quiet life no frute of his solitariness remaines abrode Wherof it must needes bee gathered that he by earnest occupyeng of his minde and by beating oute those things which by musing he atteined was neither ydle nor at anie time alone but we who haue not so greate deepenesse of witte that by secret musing we bee drawne from solitariness do turn all our studie and endeuour to this trauaile of writing And therfore wee haue written more in a shorte space sins the state was ouerthrowne than in manie yeres when it stoode But wheras all philosophie my Cicero is verie good and fâ—…utefull nor anie parte therof is barrein and waste yet no place therin is more yeelding nor more plentiefull than the place touching duties from which bee borowed the preceptes of liuing constantlie and honestlie Wherfore although I trust you dailie heare receiue this same of our Cratippus prince of Philosophers in these dayes neuerthelesse I holde it profitable that I ring aboute your eares with such soundes on euerie sidâ—… and that they if possiblie it maye bee done heare none other thing Which bothe is to bee done of all those that minde to enter the honest life and I wott not whether of anie man more than of yourself For you carie an expectation not small of folowing our trade greate of comming to our honour somme paraduenture of atteining to our fame You haue taken vpon you moreouer a greate charge bothe by reason of Athenes and also of Cratippus to the which seing as to the marte of good sciences you haue tâ—…auailed to return emptie a gâ—…eate reproche it is stâ—…ining the woorshippe bothe of the citie and also of your maister Wherfore as much as by witte you ar able to commepasse as much as by painâ—… 〈◊〉 can endeuour if to studie be ratâ—…er a paine than pleasure so â—…uch â—…ee that you do in deede and giue no occasion that seeing all thingâ—… aâ—… suffised by vs you should seeme to haue disapointed yourself But of these maters hitherto For we haue oftentimes written much vnto you in waâ—…e of exhortation Now to the part remayning of the foresaide diuision lette vs return Panetius therfore who without doute of duties hath most viligeÌ„tlie disputed and whom we vsing 〈◊〉 certein correction haue chieflie foloweâ—… when hâ—… hâ—…d setteforthe three 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 menne wâ—…r wâ—…nt to counsell and aduise themselues of dutie the one when they should doute whether it wherwith they were in hande were honeste or 〈◊〉 the other whether it were profitable or vnprofitable the third if that which should haue the â—…howe of honestie should striue with it that seemed profitable how it should bee necessarie thosesame to bee discerned of the first twoo kindes in three bookes he opened his minde and of the third kinde he wrote he woulde speake afterwarde and that did he not perfourme which he had promised Wher at I marâ—…aile the more bicause it is written by his scholar Possidonius that Panetius liued thirtie yeares after he had settefoorth those bokes Which place I wonder it was so brieflie touched of Possidonius in certein 〈◊〉 speciallie seeing he writes ther is no place in all â—…hilosophie so necessarie But in nowise I agree with them which denie this place did ouerskape Panetius but that of purpose it was left oute and that it was not to bee written at all bicause profit might neuer striue with honestiâ—… Touching the which the one may haue in it a doute whether this parte which in Panetius diuision is the third was to bee added or vtterlie to bee left oute the other can not bee douted of but of Panetius it was taken in hand and yet left vntreated For whoso of a threeparted diuision twoo partes hath finished to him the third must needes remain Moreouer in his third booke towarde the ende he promiseth that afterwarde he will speake of this parte Hereto commeth a substantiall witnesse Possidonius who also writeth in a certein letter that Publius Rutilius Rufus which had herd Panetius was wont to saye like as no painter might bee founde who coulde finish vp that parte of Uenus which Apelles had left vnfinished for the beautie of her face tooke awaie the hope of couÌ„terfetting the rest of her bodie so those things that Panetius had ouerpassed had not finished ther was no man to prosecute bicause of y â— exceleÌ„ce of those maters which he had gone thorou withall Wherfore of Panetius iudgement it can not bee douted but whether he to the serching out of dutie this third parte adioyned well or no therof parauenture it may be douted For whether honestie be the onely good as liketh the Stoiks orels honestie in such sorte bee the souerain good as semeth to our Peripatetikes that they counte all things set on the other side of veâ—…y small weight in comparison it is not to bee douted but that profit can neuer bee at strife with honestie Therfore we haue herd saye Socrates was wonte to curse them who first parted a sonder in opinion these that by nature wer coupled togither To whom doutlesse the Stoiks so assented that whatso wer honest the same also they iudged to be profitable nor anie thyng to bee profitable which wer not honest If Panetius wer the man who wolde saie y â— vertue therfore should be honored bicause it is y â— causer of profit as they who measure things meete to be desired either by pleasure or vngreffulnesse he might maintein that honestie sommetime striues with profit But seeing he is the man who iudgeth that onelie good which is honest and that maÌ„s life is made neither y â— better by encrease of such thinges as be repugnaunt to honestie vnder a certein showe of profit nor by decrease of theÌ„ the worsse it seemes he shoulde not haue brought in such maner taking of aduisement wherein that which should seem ê“fitable should be coÌ„pared with that which is honest For that which of the Stoiks is called the souerain good as to liue agreably to nature it hath as I suppose this meaning w t vertue alwaies to agree other thinges which shoulde be according to nature so to chose if to vertue they wer not repugnaunt Which seeing it is so somme suppose this coÌ„parison was not well brought in nor anie thing at all touching that braunche should haue bene taught And surelie that honestie which is properlie and trulie so called is in the wise onlie and from vertue can neuer be seuered but in those in whoÌ„ is not perfect wisdome doutlesse that same perfect honestie caÌ„ in no wise be semblaunces of honestie ther may be All these duties therfore wherupon in these bookes we dispute
dutie 105. b Pericles 56. b Peripatetikes 3. b. 151. b Peripatetiks make an order of good thinges 113. b Periurie 152. a Persone 38. b Persone proper to eche maÌ„ 42. a Persones 45. b 〈◊〉 72. b Philippus a peoplepleaser 102. b Philippus to AlexaÌ„der 83. b Philosophers 58. a Philosophers life 28. a Philosophers mindes not tempted so many wayes as magistrates 29. a Philosophie 135. a. 151. b Philosophie praysed 64. â—… Physick 59. b Place 56. a Placing 56. a Plaine dealing 43. a Plainnesse 43. a Plato 2. a Plato scholcmaister to 〈◊〉 61. b Plato to Architas 9. b Plautus 41. a Players 45. a. 50. b Plesantnesse 40. b. 42. b. 53. a Pleasure 156. a Pleasurefeders 59. a Pleasure of the bodie 41. b Pleasures flatteriÌ„g dames 77. a Pompeius 86. a Pompeius side 80. a Poore 101. a. 〈◊〉 51. a Possidomê° Panetius scholar 112. b Practise 8. b Precept of dâ—…tie 32. b Precept of iustice 117. a Preceptes of purchasyng glorie 79. b Presumption 29. b. Pride 35. b Principles of wisdome 6. a. Priuate 129. a Priuate dauÌ„gers 32. b. Priuate goodes 108. b Priuate housholders 36. b Priuate man 49. a Priuate promes to the enemie 16. b Priuate substance 36. b Pâ—…iuate thinges 9. a Prodigaluie 85. b Profit 64. a. 86. b. 113. b. 127 a 137. b. 141. b. 153. a Profitable 4. b. 116. b. 133. b More profitable 5. a Profitable and vnprofitable things diuided 66. b. Profitable is nothig which is â—…s 138. b. 142. b. Profit coÌ„pared with 〈◊〉 147. a. Profit 〈◊〉 with 〈◊〉 156. Profit from honestie not to be seuered 122. a Profiting of other 48. b Profit not to bee set before frendship 125. b. Profit not to be seuered froÌ„ honor 143. a. Profit seming to striue with honestie what to determine 116. b Promise 151. b Promise breakers ponnished by the Censor 16. b Promises not to bee kept 146. a. Promise to bee kept with iust enemies c. 151. b Prosperitie 35 b Prudence 56. b. 60. b 62. b. Prudence with 〈◊〉 75. b Prudence without iustice is suspected 76. a Publius Lentulus 86. a P Nasica 30. b Publius Rutilius Rufus Panetius scholar 113. â—… Publius 〈◊〉 82. a 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 14. a PunnishmeÌ„t of shame 122. b Pyrthonians 65. a Pyrrhus aunswer to the Romanes 16. a Pythius 131. a Q. ¶ Question of a cornemerchaunt 128. a Question of selling a house 129. b. Questions oute of Necato 143. b Quâ—…stions resolued 110. b. Quiet liuers 36. b 〈◊〉 49. d. 147 b Quintus 〈◊〉 30. b Quintus Fabiuâ—… 33. a Quintus Fabiê° Labeo 13. b Quintus 〈◊〉 Sceuola â—…6 a Quintus Sceuola 136. a R. ¶ Rashnâ—…sse 32. a. 40. a Razing of cities 32. a Reason 5. b. 55. b Reason and speche 20. b Rebuking 54. a Refraining hande 104. b 〈◊〉 charged with folie 149. a Regulus defended 149. a Releefe to the miâ—…erable 87. b. Remedie of rash iudgemeÌ„t 8. a 〈◊〉 sommewhat of ones owne right 88. b Rendering of thanks 102. a Requitiug a good turn 19. b Retailers 59. a Reuerence to elders 48. a Riche 102. a Riches comming with infamie not profitable 143. a Right 78. b Right of mennes societie to be kept 〈◊〉 119. a Right trade 46. b. Rigorousnesse 35. a Riot 48. b Robbeâ—…ie 78. a 〈◊〉 42. b Româ—…nes host subdued by y e 〈◊〉 at CaudiuÌ„ 152. a Romanes â—…late 72. b Romanes sloutnesse in the second puniâ—… warre 127. a Romulus did not well in that he slew Remus 124 b Romulus 〈◊〉 125. a Rule 45. a Rule for profit and honestie 140. b 3. Rules in mennes doings 55. b Rules of glori foryouth 80. a 〈◊〉 81. a S. ¶ Sadnesse 43. b Sagenesse 53. a Salamis 29. b. Sapience 60. b Scaurus 30. a. 54. b. 86. a 〈◊〉 â—… b Sceâ—…olaes conscience in bying 132. b Scipio Emilianê° who was called Atricanus Minor 104. a Scipioes brethren 115. a Scipioes sayeng touching leasure and solitarinesse 110. a Sclaundering 53. a Sectes of philosophersâ—… 3 a. Seedes of lobermoode 6. b. Self 〈◊〉 54. a Selfliking 120. b Selfloue 36. a. 120. b Selling. 128. a Selling of a bondinan 145. a Selling of land 133. b Selling pure golde in sâ—…ede of copper 145. a Sense 5. b SeueÌ„ wisemasters of Grece 115. b Shamefastnesse 39. b. 48. b Shamefasâ—…ness natures scholar 50. a Shame to hide a thing that is more shame to lye in a thing that is not 131. a Showe of profit 122. a Sillanus 86. a Slaues 17. b Slouth 48. b Sobernesse 80. b. 81. b Societie of man the partes of his bodie compared 117. a Socrates 79. a. 138. b Socrates and Lelius kepe euer one couÌ„tenauÌ„ce 35. b. Socratians 41. a Sol PhaetoÌ„ his soÌ„ne 146. a Solitarinesse 111. a Solon 30. a if the sonne may conceale the fathers treason 144. b if the â—…onne may open his fathers felonie 144. b Sophocles â—…6 b Sparkes of manlinesse 6. a. Speaking 57. b Speche 14. a. 52. a Speculation 8. b Stayednesse 48. b. 104. b Stedfastnesse 40. a. 47. b. 48. b Stirres of the minde 53. â—… Stoiks â—… â—… 9. b. 147. b. Stoikes appoint one thing onely good 113. b Stoiks why he chiefely â—…olowes 116. b Stones 67. a Store of necessarie thinges 103. b Straunger 49. a. 58. b Straungers 126. b Strength of minde 31. a Studentes life profitable to the commonweale 61. b Studie of bothe touÌ„ges 1. a. Sturdinesse 25. b SuÌ„me of his 3. bookes 5. a Suttlesufferance 43 a Swetenesse 52. b Syllaes and Cesars salestaffe 73. b. Sylla the victors crueltie againsâ—… the Marians 73. a. T. Tale of a Greeke that beguiled a Romane 131. a. Talk 82. a Talk gentle not obstinate pleasaunt 53. a Tantalus 142. a Temperaunce 7. a 37. â—… 48. b 69. b. 147. a TeÌ„peraunce somtime aboue particular iustice 61. b TeÌ„perances properties 7. b. The be AlexaÌ„ders wife 72. a The 〈◊〉 29. b. 101. b The ophrastus 89. a The ophrasâ—â€¦ê° praiseth 〈◊〉 85. a Theseus Neptunus 13. a. 146. a Theues lawes among theÌ„selues 78. a. Thinges 50. a Thinges hauing reasoÌ„ 66. b Things layed to kepe 146. b Thinges perteining to gloriâ—… 74. b Things voide of reasoÌ„ 66. b Thing that seemeth profitable 124. b Tiberius C. Gracchi both staine forsedition 79. b Tiberius Gracchus 79. b Time borowed for studie 66. a Timochares 17. a. Titus Manlius Torquatê° doing for his father in trouble 154. a Titus Manlius what maner man he proued 154. b Tollfariners 59. a Trauail 83. a. b. 147. b Trauail for the poore rather thaÌ„ for the rich 100. b Trauail not to be spent in a shamefull cause 102. a True vertue is only in perfect wisemen 114. b Tullies Academical disputations 65. b Tullies boke called Hortesius now lost 64. b Tullies booke of frendship 74. b. Tullies bookes of a coÌ„mon weale now lost 87. b Tullies bokes of glorie be lost 76. b Tullies Consulship 30. b Tullies eloquence 1. b Tullies orations 64. b Tullies order in his holle
worke 65. b Tullies philosophie 1. b Tullies sect and libertie in writing 65. a Tullies soÌ„nes bringing vp 112. a Tullies sonnes schoolemaster III. b Tulâ—…ies sonnes stocke III. b. Two ê“fitable things whether more ê“fitable 109. a Tyrannie 18. b Tyrauntes 120. b Tyrauntes endes 71. b V. Uaine 〈◊〉 8. a Uainglorie 19. a Uanquished men 14. b Uehement speche 52. a. 81. a. Uenê° notable image c. 113. a by Uerâ—…ue must meÌ„ be â—…oÌ„ne to our vse 69. a Uertue of an othe in olde time 153. b. Uertues 76. b Uertues not vices of elders to be folowed 4. 7. b Uertue standes in 3. pointes 69. a. 〈◊〉 78. a Uâ—…sage 51. b Uâ—…ysses 147. b. 〈◊〉 for a time suffred eue rie thing 44. b Uncomly hauiour of bodie c. 40. b. Undertaking of enterprises 29. b. Unhonest profit mother of all mischief 122. b. Unhonest thing not profitable 1â—…7 b Unlawâ—…ull parting of landes 107. a Unmesurablenesse 35. b. Unshamefastnesse 50. a Unthankfulnesse 88. a Uoice 52. a Uoidance of euell affections 27. b Uoiding of affections 27. a Uoluptuousnesse contrariâ—… to honestie 157. b. Use and exercise 24. a Use of 〈◊〉 67. b. Use of riches 10. a Uâ—…urers 59. a Usurie 109. b. VV. Warre 31. b. wastefulnesse 84. a water 67. b welfauordnesse 49. b what point of philosophie he will treate vpon 2. b why he gaue himâ—…elf to philosophie 64. a why he seuerâ—…h vertues coupled by nature 76. a why he spendes his vacant tune in philosophie 110. a. Whâ—… he writâ—…s to his sonne of philosophie in latine 1. a wilinesse 136. a wine that wil not last 145. a wisdome 7. a. b. 48. b. 64. b. 69. a. 1. 6. b wisdomes properties 7. a wise 133. a if a wiâ—…eman may drowne a foole to saue himself 144. a wisemeÌ„ne shifting for their liues 144. a witte 31. b wont 116. a wordes 50. a workes of the minde 80. b worthinesse 87. b worthinesse of honour 76. b writing III. b wrong doing is against nature 118. a â—… sorts of wroÌ„gdoing whether is the worse II. a X. Xenophons booke of ordering a houshold 108. b Y. Yelded men 14. b Yongmens duties 48. â—… Youth 79. b FINIS ¶ Imprinted at London in Fletestreâ—…e within Temple barre at the signe of the hand starre by Richard â—…ottel Cum priuilegio ad imprimendum solum The preface 1. Parie why he writes to his soÌ„ne of philosophie in latine The studie of bothe touÌ„ges Two kiâ—…des of eloquence Example of hâ—…elfe His maisters helpe Tullies philosophie The latin tounge Tullies eloquence ConclusioÌ„ oâ—… this paâ—…e EnlargemeÌ„t by comparisoÌ„ D. Phalereus Plaâ—… Demosthenes Aristoteles Isocrates 2. parte What pointe of philosophie he will treate vpon CoÌ„mendatioÌ„ of his mater Duties 3. parte How he will teache Sectes of philosophers Epicurus Aristippus 〈◊〉 Stoikes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The treatise 〈◊〉 to be 〈◊〉 Dutie 〈◊〉 An other waâ—… of diuiding dutie Dutie deâ—… Outfynding of duties by choise of thinges Honest. Profitable Honestie and profit coÌ„pared More honeâ—… More profitable The suÌ„me of these 3. bokeâ—… Giftes of nature Thinges coÌ„moÌ„ to beasâ—… and men Beaste Sense Man Reason Groundes of iustice Principles of wisdome Sparkes oâ—… manlinesse Certain sedes of sobermode Honestie Dutiful demeanour wysdome Iustice. Manlâ—…sle Temperance Properties of wisdome Duties of iustice and manâ—…nesse Properties of temperaâ—…nce Wisdomâ—… Knowleâ—…ge of â—…routh faultes to 〈◊〉 auoided 〈◊〉 of rashâ—… iudgâ—…ment The remedie Maine curiositie Dutie in thiâ—… behalf Good knoâ—…ledge Practise Speculation Of iustice as it is generall Particular iustice Liberalitie Duties of iustice Priuate thinges â—…lato to Architas The Stoiks Common felowship Faithfulnesse Iniustice Occasions of wroÌ„g doing Feare Conetousnes The vse of riches Crassus the riche Ambition Ennius Caius Iulius Caesar. Of twoo sortes in wrong doing whether is the woorsse 〈◊〉 why som do 〈◊〉 dutie in not resisti wroÌ„g Idle Philosophers disalowed Briefe rehersall of things afore Care of other mens materâ—… Exceptions in duties par teining to faithfulnesse Of Theseâ—… Neptunus 〈◊〉 ought to leane to the equitie of the lawe Cleomenes a Lacedemonian Q. Fabius Labeo Ponnishing of 〈◊〉 Hitherto oâ—… ciuil iustice Of iustice in warre Speeche Force The end of warre peas Duties in the end of warres Peas allwaies to bee sought The vanquished The yeelded Example of the auncient Romanes The â—…eciall lawe of bidding 〈◊〉 Conscience in keeping their othe of warfare Their gentle naming their enemies Hostes. Hostis is now taken for an enemie Duties in warres holden for honour or life Pyrrhus answere to the Romanes Uerses of Ennius Priuate proâ—…es to the enemie Example of Regulus How the Cesors ponm sâ—…ed certein 〈◊〉 A generâ—… rule A notable eâ—… ample of the Romanes equitie Tâ—…ochares Iustice in housholding Slaues Hurtes Force Gyle False semblaunte Hitherto of the particular iustice Of liberalitie 2. parte of the gen iustice Exceptions How How much To whome Partiaâ—… â—…annie Foolelarge â—…ortion 〈◊〉 The first 〈◊〉 of the third rule touching maners â—…ction towarde vs. Of râ—…iting a good turn Choice in 〈◊〉 Measure the gift by the giuers good hert A generall 〈◊〉 The feloâ—…ship of life The firâ—… degree of felouship Reason and speeche Ciuil laweâ—… The lâ—…we of nature Thinges coÌ„mon Ennius A measure in coÌ„mon lib. Nerer degrees offeâ—…ouship Câ—…untrieme Citiezenâ—… â—…red Frendship amonge good men Good turâ—… doone from one to an other Loue of comonâ—…eale Comparing of degrees Countrey Parents Childern Familie â—…insfolke Frendes This order â—…s often altered as psones and times require Exampleâ—… Use and exercise 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the â—…ame MaÌ„hâ—…d 〈◊〉 iustice falleth into diuers extreems Brutishneâ—… 〈◊〉 hat is manlinesse Foolehardinesse The manlie must be plain ImpedimeÌ„tes of this vertue Sturdinesse Desire of souerantie The moste parte likes not the best thinges Glorie The duties of manlinesse Contempt of casual thiges Doing of great entrepâ—…ses Contempt of outward thinges â—…nlie honesty good Uoiding of affections The manlie man is neuer vanquished of his owne affections Couetise of money Loue of glorie Desire of rule Uoidaunce of euill affectious Of officebeaâ—…ing or refusing Libertie The philosophers life The magistrates life Refusing of gouernment in the coÌ„monweale I feare contrarie to maÌ„linesse Such as 〈◊〉 meete must serue the coÌ„monweale Magistrates ought to auoide passâ—…s of minâ—…e nolesâ—…e than philosophers Philosophers mindes be not â—…pted so maâ—…e waies as magistrates Undertaking of eÌ„treprises Despaire PresumptioÌ„ A lesson Citiematers aboue martiall feates Exaumples of greekes Themistocles Salamis Solon The Areopage The Athenians Pausamas Lisander The Lacedemonians Lycurgus Examples of Romanes M. Scaurus C. Marius Q. Catulus â—…n Pompeiê° Africanus P. Nasica Tullieâ—… Conâ—…ship Cn. Pompeiê° triumphed thrise ouer the A fers anâ—… the Spâ—…rdes 〈◊〉 dates The cause of manlinesse Strength oâ—… the minde Labour of the bodie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 warre The properties of a maÌ„lie man Corage witt Rashâ—… Necessitie Razing oâ—… cities Justice toward the 〈◊〉 Fleel ing of perell Assailing of â—…tures Daungers 〈◊〉 Common Of life Of glorie Of fauour