1.32_o not_o to_o signify_v any_o suppose_a likeness_n of_o he_o which_o be_v impossible_a but_o only_a to_o present_v he_o to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o beholder_n in_o the_o do_v some_o action_n of_o his_o which_o be_v in_o effect_n to_o do_v the_o very_a same_o thing_n in_o a_o table_n which_o the_o word_n jehovah_n or_o god_n will_v do_v in_o a_o book_n i_o conceive_v not_o what_o charge_n can_v be_v lay_v on_o it_o at_o lest_o what_o degree_n or_o spice_n of_o idolatry_n unless_o i_o must_v be_v think_v to_o worship_v the_o name_n of_o god_n because_o i_o write_v or_o read_v it_o thus_o he._n and_o to_o mr._n spencer_n urge_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o represent_v god_n as_o he_o have_v please_v in_o the_o former_a vision_n to_o represent_v himself_o dr._n fern_n answ_n to_o spencer_n p._n 57_o answer_n '_o that_o the_o representation_n of_o these_o vision_n be_v tolerable_a and_o if_o of_o these_o vision_n tolerable_a why_o not_o also_o of_o some_o part_n of_o they_o as_o the_o ancient_n of_o day_n sit_v on_o a_o throne_n to_o represent_v his_o come_n to_o judgement_n or_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o dove_n to_o signify_v a_o peculiar_a presence_n and_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n where_o nothing_o untrue_a or_o unwarrant_v by_o scripture_n be_v design_v the_o care_n and_o oversight_n of_o which_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o church_n governor_n and_o these_o thus_o represent_v why_o may_v not_o the_o same_o reverence_n be_v give_v to_o such_o figure_n recommend_v to_o we_o by_o such_o sacred_a scripture-apparition_n as_o be_v to_o other_o representation_n of_o sacred_a person_n our_o lord_n or_o his_o saint_n limn_v or_o draw_v in_o the_o like_a story_n and_o why_o may_v not_o those_o person_n of_o the_o trinity_n be_v worship_v before_o such_o symbolical_a figure_n or_o representation_n of_o they_o if_o our_o lord_n christ_n may_v before_o he_o of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o only_o provide_v this_o difference_n always_o be_v put_v that_o we_o imagine_v no_o true_a resemblance_n of_o the_o person_n in_o the_o one_o as_o we_o do_v in_o the_o other_o and_o that_o our_o devotion_n reflect_v not_o on_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o person_n but_o of_o the_o apparition_n and_o on_o the_o reality_n of_o some_o gracious_a operation_n thereof_o §_o 13_o 2_o in_o none_o of_o these_o whether_o metaphorical_a representation_n of_o the_o trinity_n or_o proper_a one_o of_o our_o lord_n or_o his_o saint_n do_v catholic_n affirm_v or_o pretend_v any_o peculiar_a presence_n of_o the_o deity_n of_o our_o lord_n or_o of_o his_o saint_n no_o virtue_n either_o natural_a or_o accessary_a and_o derivative_a in_o any_o such_o image_n for_o which_o it_o shall_v be_v worship_v or_o honour_v or_o trust_v in_o or_o for_o which_o our_o lord_n shall_v be_v honour_v or_o worship_v by_o it_o or_o our_o request_n to_o have_v any_o more_o access_n or_o efficacy_n by_o or_o through_o any_o such_o image_n to_o or_o upon_o its_o exemplar_n or_o person_n represent_v or_o again_o the_o exemplar_n any_o great_a influence_n by_o or_o through_o it_o upon_o those_o who_o supplicate_v he_o before_o it_o nor_o seem_v the_o expression_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n sess_n 25._o per_fw-la imagine_v quas_fw-la osculamur_fw-la &_o coram_fw-la quibus_fw-la caput_fw-la aperimus_fw-la &_o procumbimus_fw-la christum_fw-la adoramus_fw-la cujus_fw-la illae_fw-la similitudinem_fw-la gerunt_fw-la to_o have_v any_o other_o meaning_n than_o this_o that_o per_fw-la osculationem_fw-la imaginum_fw-la and_o apertionem_fw-la capitis_fw-la etc._n etc._n coram_fw-la illis_fw-la adoramus_fw-la prototypum_fw-la that_o by_o or_o in_o that_o inferior_a reverence_n and_o respect_n we_o give_v to_o they_o we_o testify_v the_o honour_n or_o adoration_n we_o bear_v to_o he_o they_o represent_v to_o we_o as_o appear_v also_o by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o council_n immediate_o precede_v non_fw-la quod_fw-la credatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n sed_fw-la quoniam_fw-la honos_fw-la qui_fw-la eye_n exhibetur_fw-la i._n e._n that_o cult_a give_v they_o express_o declare_v inferior_a by_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a to_o who_o explication_n the_o council_n of_o trent_n refer_v we_o refertur_fw-la ad_fw-la prototypa_n quae_fw-la illae_fw-la representant_fw-la in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v note_v by_o estius_n 3._o sent._n dist_n 9_o §_o 3._o that_o this_o say_v of_o st._n basil_n and_o some_o other_o quod_fw-la honour_n imaginis_fw-la transit_fw-la in_o prototypum_fw-la be_v take_v both_o by_o the_o second_o council_n of_o nice_a by_o pope_n adrian_n resp_n carol._n c._n 8._o by_o damascen_n de_fw-fr fid._n orthod_n 4._o l._n 17._o c._n and_o also_o be_v understand_v to_o be_v take_v so_o and_o in_o such_o sense_n dispute_v against_o by_o the_o caroline_n book_n l._n 3._o c._n 16._o and_o not_o in_o that_o other_o sense_n apply_v to_o it_o by_o some_o schoolman_n as_o the_o honour_n do_v to_o his_o image_n or_o to_o the_o chair_n of_o state_n redound_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o prince_n yet_o be_v not_o the_o same_o we_o give_v to_o the_o prince_n thus_o then_o per_fw-la imagine_v we_o worship_v the_o prototype_n but_o not_o as_o if_o by_o or_o through_o these_o image_n as_o a_o more_o advantageous_a or_o acceptable_a medium_n of_o our_o service_n we_o direct_v our_o proper_a worship_n to_o the_o prototype_n as_o some_o protestant_n seem_v willing_a to_o mistake_v it_o or_o if_o any_o will_v have_v the_o council_n to_o speak_v here_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a adoration_n terminate_v in_o the_o image_n but_o of_o the_o supreme_a give_v to_o the_o prototype_n than_o the_o council_n in_o these_o word_n per_fw-la imaginem_fw-la christum_fw-la adoramus_fw-la must_v be_v understand_v to_o use_v per_fw-mi only_o to_o signify_v the_o motive_n or_o occasion_n of_o our_o worship_n as_o that_o say_v of_o st._n gregory_n epist_n 7._o l._n 53._o long_v ago_o express_v it_o et_fw-la nos_fw-la quidem_fw-la ante_fw-la imaginem_fw-la salvatoris_fw-la non_fw-la quasi_fw-la ante_fw-la divinitatem_fw-la prosternimur_fw-la sed_fw-la illum_fw-la adoramus_fw-la quem_fw-la per_fw-la imaginem_fw-la aut_fw-la natum_fw-la aut_fw-la passum_fw-la &c_n &c_n recordamur_fw-la but_o i_o say_v though_o catholic_n may_v thus_o make_v the_o image_n or_o rather_o our_o behold_v it_o a_o medium_n of_o exciting_a the_o remembrance_n and_o so_o the_o love_n honour_n worship_n of_o the_o exemplar_n yet_o they_o make_v it_o no_o medium_n of_o the_o foresay_a worship_n to_o the_o exemplar_n or_o prototype_n non_fw-la quod_fw-la credatur_fw-la say_v the_o council_n of_o trent_n sess_n 25._o inesse_fw-la aliqua_fw-la in_o its_o virtus_fw-la propter_fw-la quam_fw-la sint_fw-la colendae_fw-la vel_fw-la quod_fw-la fiducia_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la sit_fw-la figenda_fw-la last_o catholic_n pretend_v no_o advantage_n in_o the_o use_n of_o such_o image_n either_o to_o render_v our_o prayer_n or_o worship_n more_o acceptable_a to_o god_n or_o his_o saint_n or_o more_o effectual_a to_o we_o save_v so_o far_o as_o the_o frequent_a behold_v such_o representation_n may_v excite_v and_o increase_v our_o devotion_n affection_n and_o love_n and_o imitation_n of_o their_o virtue_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o devotion_n fection_n imitation_n obtain_v a_o more_o gracious_a acceptance_n and_o reward_n §_o 14_o neither_o have_v the_o solemn_a benediction_n of_o image_n use_v in_o the_o church_n any_o such_o design_n as_o to_o derive_v from_o above_o any_o special_a virtue_n into_o they_o but_o only_o as_o in_o all_o other_o benediction_n of_o god_n creature_n to_o implore_v god_n blessing_n on_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n to_o which_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o viz._n ut_fw-it quoties_fw-la illas_fw-la imagine_v sieve_n effigy_n oculis_fw-la corporeis_fw-la intuemur_fw-la toties_fw-la eorum_fw-la in_fw-la quorum_fw-la memoriam_fw-la &_o honorem_fw-la adaptantur_fw-la actus_fw-la &_o sanctitatem_fw-la ad_fw-la imitandum_fw-la memoriae_fw-la oculis_fw-la meditemur_fw-la and_o &_o ut_fw-la quicunque_fw-la coram_fw-la illis_fw-la imaginibus_fw-la talem_fw-la sanctum_fw-la honorare_fw-la studùerit_fw-la illius_fw-la precibus_fw-la &_o obtentu_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la gratiam_fw-la in_o praesenti_fw-la &_o aeternam_fw-la gloriam_fw-la obtineat_fw-la in_o futuro_fw-la where_o the_o reward_n follow_v the_o devotion_n of_o the_o supplicant_n not_o any_o virtue_n of_o the_o picture_n and_o if_o some_o picture_n or_o image_n happen_v to_o be_v frequent_v with_o man_n prayer_n i_o mean_v to_o the_o person_n represent_v by_o they_o more_o than_o other_o because_o some_o miracle_n have_v be_v do_v as_o in_o some_o holy_a place_n more_o than_o in_o some_o other_o so_o where_o some_o holy_a picture_n or_o image_n be_v more_o than_o where_o some_o other_o yet_o be_v such_o miracle_n no_o more_o affirm_v to_o be_v do_v by_o any_o virtue_n of_o such_o image_n which_o be_v by_o the_o church_n declare_v to_o be_v none_o at_o all_o in_o any_o non_fw-la quod_fw-la credatur_fw-la inesse_fw-la aliqua_fw-la in_o iis_fw-la virtus_fw-la than_o by_o the_o virtue_n of_o such_o holy_a place_n but_o only_o from_o god_n good_a pleasure_n a_o reason_n
excellentiori_fw-la but_o herein_o be_v vasquez_n censure_v by_o other_o as_o mistake_v that_o he_o think_v all_o inferior_a honour_n and_o veneration_n to_o be_v necessary_o such_o a_o submission_n tanquam_fw-la excellentiori_fw-la meanwhile_o a_o late_a protestant_a writer_n stillingfl_fw-mi rom._n idol_n c._n 1._o §_o 11._o p._n 104._o have_v very_o uncandid_o make_v use_n of_o this_o passage_n of_o he_o to_o show_v catholic_n confess_v to_o be_v idolater_n whether_o they_o say_v they_o give_v a_o supreme_a or_o whether_o a_o inferior_a worship_n to_o image_n even_o by_o the_o testimony_n of_o their_o own_o writer_n for_o as_o he_o urge_v bellarmin_n say_v to_o give_v latria_n or_o the_o supreme_a and_o self_n same_o worship_n that_o be_v give_v god_n to_o a_o image_n be_v idolatry_n which_o as_o say_v by_o bellarmin_n so_o be_v grant_v and_o then_o vasquez_n he_o cite_v this_o passage_n say_v that_o he_o who_o give_v a_o inferior_a worship_n distinct_a from_o the_o prototype_n to_o a_o image_n be_v also_o a_o idolater_n thus_o that_o author_n but_o for_o this_o late_a vasquez_n first_o restrain_v the_o inferior_a worship_n he_o speak_v of_o submissio_fw-la animi_fw-la and_o servitus_fw-la tanquam_fw-la excellentiori_fw-la and_o next_o say_v that_o such_o a_o one_o be_v either_o iconolatra_n i._n e._n if_o he_o give_v it_o to_o such_o a_o thing_n as_o superlative_o excellent_a but_o then_o such_o worship_n give_v to_o a_o image_n tanquam_fw-la bono_fw-mi summo_fw-la &_o excellentissimo_fw-la can_v right_o be_v call_v a_o inferior_a worship_n of_o if_o call_v so_o catholic_n in_o such_o a_o sense_n renounce_v it_o and_o grant_v it_o to_o be_v idolatry_n or_o he_o be_v iconodulos_n which_o late_a be_v most_o true_a and_o as_o say_v by_o vasquez_n so_o will_v not_o be_v deny_v by_o bellarmin_n or_o any_o other_o rational_a person_n thus_o than_o a_o supreme_a worship_n give_v to_o image_n according_a to_o bellarmin_n be_v idolatry_n and_o a_o inferior_a worship_n also_o give_v to_o image_n according_a to_o a_o sense_n vasquez_n give_v of_o it_o be_v iconolatry_n whilst_o meanwhile_o a_o inferior_a worship_n give_v to_o image_n in_o the_o catholick_n sense_n thereof_o neither_o exhibit_v to_o they_o ut_fw-mi bono_fw-mi excellentissimo_fw-la nor_o excellentiori_fw-la se_fw-la be_v very_o innocent_a and_o lawful_a of_o which_o sense_n of_o vasquez_n thus_o cardinal_n lugo_n de_fw-fr incarnatione_fw-la disp_n 36._o §_o 3._o n._n 36._o non_fw-la possumus_fw-la prudenter_fw-la concipere_fw-la allam_fw-la prorsus_fw-la adorationem_fw-la respectu_fw-la imaginis_fw-la qua_fw-la submittimus_fw-la nos_fw-la illi_fw-la praeferentes_fw-la illam_fw-la nobis_fw-la hoc_fw-la enim_fw-la esset_fw-la stultum_fw-la mendacium_fw-la quia_fw-la absolute_a loquendo_fw-la meliores_fw-la sumus_fw-la nos_fw-la quam_fw-la imago_fw-la s._n petri._n ergo_fw-la prudenter_fw-la operando_fw-la debemus_fw-la nosmetipsos_fw-la praeferre_fw-la imagini_fw-la tanquam_fw-la digniores_fw-la &_o excellentiores_fw-la nemo_fw-la ergo_fw-la potest_fw-la dicere_fw-la quod_fw-la adoratio_fw-la imagnis_fw-la includat_fw-la etiam_fw-la talem_fw-la internam_fw-la submissionem_fw-la nec_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la potest_fw-la esse_fw-la rationabilis_fw-la controversia_fw-la but_o then_o by_o the_o inferior_a honour_n or_o worship_n not_o only_o external_a but_o interior_a also_o that_o be_v allow_v by_o catholic_n to_o image_n be_v not_o mean_v any_o such_o submission_n as_o to_o a_o thing_n more_o excellent_a than_o the_o honourer_n as_o vasquez_n suppose_v but_o only_o a_o certain_a internal_a esteem_n of_o it_o as_o well_o as_o external_a respect_n to_o it_o for_o some_o near_a relation_n it_o have_v as_o a_o picture_n have_v by_o its_o similitude_n to_o some_o person_n that_o be_v honour_v by_o we_o as_o more_o excellent_a than_o ourselves_o which_o our_o esteem_n of_o the_o exemplar_n we_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o show_v not_o to_o the_o picture_n but_o to_o other_o or_o also_o to_o the_o exemplar_n itself_o by_o the_o external_a gesture_n and_o civility_n we_o perform_v to_o or_o before_o his_o image_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o particular_o below_o §_o 49._o without_o which_o internal_a intention_n of_o show_v such_o exterior_a reverend_a treatment_n of_o such_o image_n the_o external_a treatment_n itself_o seem_v insignificant_a and_o therefore_o sunrez_n thus_o censure_v this_o opinion_n that_o thus_o no_o honour_n at_o all_o be_v indeed_o allow_v to_o the_o image_n the_o external_a note_n signify_v nothing_o when_o stand_v single_a and_o no_o internal_a intention_n of_o reverence_n or_o esteem_v at_o all_o to_o the_o same_o thing_n accompany_v it_o see_v he_o in_o 3._o thom._n disp_n 54._o §_o 5._o si_fw-mi interna_fw-la intentio_fw-la cultus_fw-la non_fw-la cadit_fw-la in_o imaginem_fw-la sed_fw-la sola_fw-la actio_fw-la exterior_a or_o externa_fw-la nota_fw-la cultus_fw-la circa_fw-la illam_fw-la versatur_fw-la ex_fw-la intention_n colendi_fw-la exemplar_n ex_fw-la ea_fw-la non_fw-la solum_fw-la sequitur_fw-la imagine_v minus_fw-la coli_fw-la quam_fw-la exemplaria_fw-la sed_fw-la etiam_fw-la sequitur_fw-la illas_fw-la non_fw-la coli_fw-la thus_o vasquez_n and_o st._n thomas_n and_o other_o ancient_a schoolman_n who_o expression_n he_o defend_v according_a to_o the_o sense_n he_o give_v they_o in_o seem_v to_o say_v so_o much_o beyond_o the_o conciliary_a decree_n of_o nice_a be_v think_v to_o say_v nothing_o at_o all_o or_o less_o than_o must_v be_v say_v to_o justify_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o decree_n viz._n that_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o empty_a external_a note_n but_o also_o some_o interior_a and_o real_a honour_n and_o respect_v due_a and_o give_v to_o image_n §_o 38_o to_o relate_v any_o further_o the_o schoolman_n expression_n for_o show_v they_o innocent_a and_o harmless_a in_o this_o point_n will_v be_v only_o to_o embroil_v a_o matter_n which_o seem_v of_o itself_o sufficient_o clear_a and_o the_o rather_o may_v be_v spare_v here_o because_o one_o will_v think_v no_o such_o diligence_n necessary_a to_o persuade_v that_o i_o say_v not_o some_o ignorant_a person_n but_o the_o most_o learned_a in_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v downright_o affirm_v divine_a worship_n due_a to_o a_o creature_n and_o that_o inanimate_a and_o scarce_o a_o substance_n on_o this_o matter_n thus_o mr._n thorndike_n to_o say_v that_o the_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n be_v to_o be_v honour_v as_o he_o be_v be_v perfect_a idolatry_n but_o he_o who_o believe_v the_o son_n to_o be_v of_o the_o father_n substance_n as_o all_o the_o schoolman_n do_v and_o his_o picture_n to_o be_v his_o picture_n as_o all_o mankind_n do_v can_v say_v so_o if_o he_o be_v in_o his_o wit_n thus_o mr._n thorndike_n who_o then_o can_v easy_o believe_v such_o a_o thing_n of_o they_o who_o be_v grant_v to_o acknowledge_v neither_o any_o peculiar_a divine_a presence_n to_o such_o image_n nor_o any_o other_o virtue_n in_o it_o and_o express_o grant_v that_o he_o who_o worship_v our_o lord_n with_o latria_fw-la before_o a_o image_n do_v no_o more_o give_v such_o honour_n to_o the_o image_n than_o he_o that_o worship_v the_o king_n with_o regal_a honour_n give_v the_o same_o regal_a honour_n also_o to_o his_o clothes_n to_o his_o robe_n to_o his_o purple_n to_o his_o crown_n that_o he_o wear_v a_o simile_n often_o use_v yet_o not_o devise_v by_o the_o schoolman_n but_o borrow_v from_o st._n epiphanius_n in_o anchorato_n and_o from_o st._n austin_n de_fw-fr verbis_fw-la domini_fw-la serm._n 58._o or_o no_o more_o than_o he_o that_o bow_v to_o our_o lord_n at_o the_o name_n of_o jesus_n or_o at_o the_o produce_v or_o read_v the_o gospel_n worship_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n or_o the_o letter_n or_o syllable_n of_o the_o name_n jesus_n for_o these_o schoolman_n hold_v image_n and_o those_o other_o thing_n capable_a of_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o exemplar_n only_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n if_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n capable_a of_o latria_n so_o the_o rest_n see_v vasquez_n ibid._n disp_n 108._o c._n 11._o the_o title_n of_o which_o chapter_n be_v eodem_fw-la modo_fw-la atque_fw-la imagine_v nomen_fw-la jesus_n &_o alius_fw-la res_fw-la sacras_fw-la he_o name_v crucem_fw-la vasa_fw-la sacra_fw-la librum_fw-la evangeliorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n esse_fw-la adorandas_fw-la and_o see_v suarez_n disp_n 54._o §_o 6._o and_o lugo_n de_fw-fr incarnate_a disp_n 36._o §_o 5_o say_v the_o same_o when_o bellarmin_n speak_v of_o give_v to_o our_o lord_n before_o a_o image_n the_o cultus_fw-la latriae_fw-la de_fw-fr imag._n 2._o l._n c._n 23._o he_o say_v the_o image_n here_o be_v neither_o suppositum_fw-la quod_fw-la adoratur_fw-la nor_o ratio_fw-la adorationis_fw-la sed_fw-la quiddam_fw-la adjunctum_fw-la and_o share_v no_o more_o of_o this_o honour_n than_o the_o king_n garment_n do_v of_o that_o we_o give_v the_o king_n and_o he_o say_v that_o such_o worship_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o image_n only_a improprie_fw-la &_o per_fw-la accidens_fw-la de_fw-fr imag._n 2._o l._n 21._o c._n and_o then_o again_o to_o bring_v off_o this_o expression_n he_o say_v quod_fw-la non_fw-la dicitur_fw-la nisi_fw-la improprie_fw-la
trinitatem_fw-la servitio_fw-la aut_fw-la adoratione_n non_fw-la impenderent_fw-la anathemata_fw-la judicarentur_fw-la qui_fw-la supra_fw-la sanctissimi_fw-la patres_fw-la nostri_fw-la omnimodis_fw-la &_o orationem_fw-la &_o servitutem_fw-la eye_v renuentes_fw-la contempserunt_fw-la atque_fw-la consentientes_fw-la condemnaverunt_fw-la much_o dispute_n have_v be_v and_o many_o reason_n on_o either_o side_n produce_v concern_v the_o true_a decree_n of_o this_o council_n whether_o it_o be_v for_o or_o against_o adoration_n i._n e._n veneration_n of_o image_n historian_n vary_v in_o this_o matter_n and_o the_o former_a publish_v act_n of_o this_o council_n contain_v nothing_o thereof_o but_o for_o the_o present_a we_o will_v suppose_v this_o forementioned_a decree_n genuine_a i._n e._n grant_v all_o our_o adversary_n can_v desire_v and_o proceed_v only_a to_o examine_v how_o the_o nicene_n decree_n be_v any_o way_n debilitate_a thereby_o desire_v this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o be_v grant_v i_o that_o pope_n adrian_n at_o least_o confirm_v no_o such_o decree_n of_o franckfort_n upon_o these_o consideration_n 1._o both_o because_o adrian_n profess_v to_o the_o emperor_n his_o admit_v and_o confirm_v the_o decree_n of_o nice_a 2._o and_o also_o write_v a_o answer_n in_o defence_n of_o it_o to_o the_o caroline_n book_n and_o particular_o act._n 3._o c._n 9_o to_o that_o chapter_n l._n 3._o c._n 17._o which_o charge_v the_o nicene_n synod_n with_o the_o very_a same_o error_n as_o this_o franckfort_n decree_n do_v where_o he_o show_v that_o the_o nicene_n synod_n maintain_v just_a the_o contrary_n and_o 3._o because_o in_o some_o part_n of_o that_o answer_n he_o produce_v two_o forementioned_a council_n hold_v at_o rome_n one_o of_o they_o by_o his_o immediate_a predecessor_n stephen_n iu._n the_o delegated_a bishop_n of_o france_n also_o consent_v to_o have_v decree_v the_o same_o veneration_n of_o image_n before_o that_o of_o nice_n as_o also_o his_o predecessor_n st._n gregory_n to_o have_v teach_v it_o and_o last_o because_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n assemble_v at_o paris_n under_o ludovicus_n pius_fw-la in_o 824_o when_o the_o former_a transaction_n of_o franckfort_n can_v not_o be_v unknown_a or_o forget_v accuse_v pope_n adrian_n for_o side_v with_o and_o defend_v the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o adoration_n of_o image_n not_o just_o do_v if_o his_o latter_a act_n at_o franckfort_n be_v contrary_a to_o and_o condemn_v both_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o consequent_o his_o own_o answer_n neither_o though_o ado_n in_o his_o chronicle_n and_o so_o other_o after_o he_o mention_n the_o presence_n of_o pope_n adrian_n legate_n in_o this_o synod_n of_o franckfort_n and_o they_o may_v be_v there_o and_o dissent_v yet_o do_v i_o see_v any_o probability_n thereof_o because_o there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o as_o always_o use_v to_o be_v in_o the_o act_n of_o this_o council_n where_o there_o be_v of_o all_o the_o other_o member_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n and_o it_o be_v also_o manifest_a that_o pope_n adrian_n epistle_n to_o the_o spanish_a clergy_n against_o elipandus_n insert_v in_o that_o council_n be_v procure_v by_o charles_n his_o agent_n at_o rome_n before_o its_o sit_v §_o 25_o after_o this_o to_o consider_v the_o canon_n of_o franckfort_n itself_o we_o see_v it_o condemn_v those_o that_o give_v such_o adoration_n to_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n as_o to_o the_o deifical_a trinity_n which_o condemnation_n be_v such_o as_o both_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o adrian_n and_o the_o present_a roman_a church_n do_v willing_o admit_v and_o subscribe_v to_o the_o definition_n of_o nice_a as_o appear_v before_o be_v pointblank_o opposite_a to_o any_o such_o adoration_n non_fw-la secundum_fw-la fidem_fw-la nostram_fw-la veram_fw-la latriam_fw-la quae_fw-la solum_fw-la divinae_fw-la naturae_fw-la competit_fw-la sed_fw-la quemadmodum_fw-la typo_fw-la venerandae_fw-la crucis_fw-la &_o sanctis_fw-la evangeliis_fw-la etc._n etc._n only_o the_o application_n of_o such_o a_o tenet_n and_o such_o a_o anathematisme_n to_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v that_o which_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a the_o father_n at_o franckfort_n err_v in_o and_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o mistake_n seem_v to_o be_v that_o the_o question_n indeed_o about_o adoration_n and_o the_o report_n of_o such_o a_o anathematisme_n by_o the_o nicene_n council_n in_fw-la qua_fw-la scriptum_fw-la habebatur_fw-la say_v the_o franckfort_n decree_n be_v allata_fw-la in_o medium_n but_o not_o the_o copy_n itself_o or_o if_o the_o copy_n that_o copy_n must_v be_v false_a for_o in_o express_a word_n the_o true_a copy_n have_v no_o such_o thing_n but_o just_a the_o contrary_n for_o we_o see_v that_o the_o copy_n of_o the_o act_n of_o this_o council_n though_o it_o be_v grant_v well_o know_v to_o the_o author_n of_o the_o caroline_n book_n and_o to_o the_o assembly_n at_o paris_n some_o twenty_o year_n after_o this_o at_o franckfort_n yet_o be_v not_o common_a in_o the_o west_n or_o come_v into_o many_o hand_n insomuch_o also_o as_o that_o it_o be_v unknown_a to_o st._n thomas_n and_o the_o ancient_a schoolman_n hence_o that_o much_o cite_a passage_n of_o hincmar_n a_o writer_n of_o those_o time_n contra_fw-la hincmar_n laudun_n c._n 20._o septima_fw-la autem_fw-la apud_fw-la graecos_n vocata_fw-la universalis_fw-la pseudosynodus_a de_fw-fr imaginibus_fw-la quas_fw-la quidam_fw-la confringendas_fw-la quidam_fw-la autem_fw-la adorandas_fw-la dicebant_fw-la neutra_fw-la pars_fw-la intellectu_fw-la sano_fw-la definiens_fw-la sine_fw-la authoritate_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la non_fw-la long_o ante_fw-la nostra_fw-la tempora_fw-la niceae_n est_fw-la a_o compluribus_fw-la episcopis_fw-la habita_fw-la &_o romam_fw-la missa_fw-la quam_fw-la etiam_fw-la papa_n romanus_n in_o franciam_fw-la direxit_fw-la unde_fw-la tempore_fw-la caroli_n magni_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la jussione_n apostolicae_fw-la sedis_fw-la generalis_fw-la synodus_fw-la in_o francia_n convocante_fw-la praefato_fw-la imperatore_n celebrata_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la scripturarum_fw-la tramitem_fw-la traditionemque_fw-la majorum_fw-la ipsa_fw-la graecorum_n pseudosynodus_a destructa_fw-la est_fw-la &_o penitus_fw-la abdicata_fw-la de_fw-la cujus_fw-la destructione_n non_fw-la modicum_fw-la volumen_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o palatio_fw-la adolescentulus_fw-la legi_fw-la ab_fw-la eodem_fw-la imperatore_n romam_fw-la est_fw-la per_fw-la quosdam_fw-la episcopos_fw-la missum_fw-la be_v find_v to_o have_v many_o mistake_n in_o it_o 1_o who_o first_o mention_n the_o constantinopolitan_a and_o the_o nicene_n as_o one_o council_n divide_v into_o two_o extreme_n in_o their_o opinion_n 2._o that_o it_o be_v hold_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o roman_a bishop_n which_o error_n the_o caroline_n book_n have_v spread_v in_o the_o west_n though_o the_o act_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n often_o make_v clear_a the_o contrary_a mention_v the_o presence_n of_o his_o legate_n and_o in_o actione_n 2._o recite_v pope_n adrian_n synodical_a epistle_n send_v by_o they_o full_o agree_v with_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o council_n concern_v veneration_n of_o image_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o other_o holy_a thing_n 3._o that_o pope_n adrian_n have_v receive_v a_o copy_n of_o it_o send_v it_o to_o charles_n and_o that_o by_o the_o pope_n order_n a_o general_n synod_n be_v call_v by_o the_o emperor_n in_o france_n he_o say_v but_o sure_o mean_v this_o of_o franckfort_n wherein_o the_o greek_a pseudo-synod_n be_v condemn_v and_o that_o a_o large_a book_n write_v of_o the_o condemation_n of_o it_o mean_v the_o caroline_n book_n be_v send_v from_o charles_n by_o some_o bishop_n to_o the_o pope_n whereas_o such_o book_n be_v write_v indeed_o but_o long_o before_o the_o synod_n of_o franckfort_n and_o so_o the_o volume_n send_v to_o adrian_n not_o by_o some_o bishop_n of_o the_o council_n but_o by_o engilbert_n a_o abbot_n a_o favourite_n of_o charles_n and_o so_o answer_v by_o he_o probable_o before_o this_o council_n which_o be_v assemble_v indeed_o by_o the_o apostolic_a authority_n but_o upon_o another_o occasion_n the_o heresy_n of_o elipandus_n last_o the_o nicene_n council_n maintain_v adoration_n of_o image_n but_o in_o a_o much_o more_o mitigate_v sense_n than_o hincmare_n and_o the_o gallican_n bishop_n all_o deceive_v by_o the_o caroline_n book_n apprehend_v it_o the_o same_o mis-opinion_n of_o this_o council_n of_o nice_a also_o have_v ionas_n aurelianensis_fw-la who_o write_v against_o claudius_n taurinensis_n a_o iconoclast_n yet_o declare_v himself_o also_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o adorer_n of_o image_n quod_fw-la cum_fw-la sciant_fw-la say_v he_o imaginibus_fw-la nil_fw-la inessc_fw-la divini_fw-la major_n invectione_n digni_fw-la sunt_fw-la quod_fw-la honorem_fw-la debitum_fw-la divinitati_fw-la impendant_fw-la egeno_fw-la &_o infirmo_fw-la simulachro_fw-la atque_fw-la idipsum_fw-la nonnullis_fw-la orientalium_fw-la qui_fw-la eodem_fw-la sceleratissimo_fw-la errori_fw-la mancipantur_fw-la respondere_fw-la solere_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n seem_v the_o synod_n of_o franckfort_n not_o have_v see_v nor_o perhaps_o the_o emperor_n i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o miscarriage_n or_o concealment_n the_o act_n of_o nice_a or_o adrian_n answer_n to_o have_v be_v deceive_v by_o
time_n '_o the_o furniture_n and_o utensil_n of_o the_o church_n be_v honour_v in_o the_o spotless_a time_n of_o the_o church_n as_o consecrate_v to_o god_n service_n though_o the_o honour_n of_o they_o be_v uncapable_a of_o honour_n for_o themselves_o be_v manifest_o and_o without_o any_o scruple_n the_o honour_n of_o god_n but_o image_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v use_v to_o no_o further_a intent_n than_o the_o ornament_n of_o church_n the_o remembrance_n of_o holy_a history_n and_o the_o raise_n of_o devotion_n thereby_o as_o at_o the_o first_o they_o be_v use_v by_o the_o church_n be_v so_o be_v still_o come_v in_o the_o number_n i_o add_v and_o so_o ought_v to_o receive_v the_o honour_n of_o thing_n consecrate_v to_o god_n service_n last_o thus_o daille_n traicte_n des_fw-fr image_n c._n 7._o in_o his_o answer_n to_o st._n gregory_n forementioned_a expression_n ea_fw-la qua_fw-la dignum_fw-la est_fw-la veneratione_n seem_v to_o allow_v some_o veneration_n to_o such_o thing_n so_o it_o be_v not_o cult_a ou_fw-fr service_fw-fr religieuse_fw-fr he_o certain_a degree_n of_o respect_n and_o honour_n say_v he_o be_v due_a to_o all_o the_o instrument_n of_o religion_n as_o to_o the_o person_n and_o thing_n of_o the_o church_n to_o the_o priest_n to_o the_o chalice_n to_o the_o sacred_a bibles_n which_o every_o one_o call_v venerable_a yet_o none_o deferr_v to_o they_o the_o religious_a service_n which_o those_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n now_o adays_o render_v to_o image_n see_v also_o ibid._n p._n 340._o 376._o and_o apol._n des_fw-fr eglis_n reform_v c._n 10._o one_o of_o his_o answer_n to_o the_o text_n adorate_fw-la scabellum_fw-la psal_n 98._o be_v '_o that_o this_o adoration_n of_o the_o ark_n be_v a_o inferior_a species_n of_o honour_n to_o the_o adoration_n of_o latria_n which_o be_v due_a to_o none_o but_o god_n thus_o he._n this_o inferior_a reverence_n then_o due_a to_o holy_a thing_n let_v he_o allow_v to_o the_o image_n of_o our_o lord_n and_o his_o saint_n and_o for_o any_o further_a latria_fw-la or_o religious_a service_n he_o shall_v be_v dispense_v with_o and_o here_o i_o may_v conclude_v with_o what_o a_o modern_a controvertist_n spencer_n scripture_n mistake_v p._n 128._o write_v not_o long_o since_o in_o debate_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n '_o that_o what_o worship_n soever_o a_o well-minded_a protestant_n shall_v judge_v may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o holy_a name_n of_o jesus_n when_o he_o see_v it_o either_o print_v in_o a_o book_n or_o engrave_v in_o a_o stone_n without_o all_o superstition_n or_o idolatry_n or_o breach_n of_o the_o second_o commandment_n i_o add_v or_o what_o the_o jew_n may_v give_v to_o the_o ark_n let_v he_o give_v the_o same_o to_o any_o image_n of_o our_o saviour_n and_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n or_o at_o least_o judge_n that_o the_o like_a may_v lawful_o be_v give_v to_o it_o and_o no_o more_o in_o this_o point_n will_v be_v require_v of_o he_o to_o be_v esteem_v conformable_a to_o the_o doctrine_n and_o practice_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o protestant_n confess_v a_o certain_a reverence_n and_o honour_n due_a to_o holy_a thing_n may_v be_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o the_o father_n and_o constant_a practice_n of_o the_o church_n in_o all_o former_a time_n and_o the_o several_a command_n and_o example_n thereof_o occur_v in_o the_o scripture_n you_o shall_v reverence_v my_o sanctuary_n leu._n 19.30_o and_o 26.2_o and_o adorate_fw-la scabellum_fw-la pedum_fw-la ejus_fw-la and_o that_o quia_fw-la sanctum_fw-la est_fw-la since_o both_o in_o the_o hebrew_n be_v of_o the_o same_o gender_n sanctum_fw-la or_o sanctus_n may_v relate_v either_o to_o scabellum_fw-la or_o dominus_fw-la and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v be_v call_v sanctum_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la such_o thing_n i_o say_v i_o may_v collect_v if_o i_o think_v this_o be_v a_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v much_o question_v save_v by_o some_o late_a profane_a sect_n that_o cry_v down_o also_o all_o thing_n and_o person_n sacred_a the_o clergy_n and_o church_n §_o 49_o 7._o next_o if_o it_o be_v more_o particular_o inquire_v what_o this_o veneration_n or_o honour_n be_v that_o be_v communicable_a or_o pretend_v to_o belong_v as_o to_o other_o holy_a thing_n so_o to_o holy_a image_n for_o so_o i_o call_v those_o represent_v holy_a person_n such_o honour_n for_o the_o external_a sign_n thereof_o have_v use_v to_o be_v in_o ancient_a time_n and_o still_o be_v in_o the_o roman_a as_o also_o oriental_n church_n uncover_v the_o head_n bowing_z kiss_v embracing_z light_n perfume_n etc._n etc._n as_o we_o see_v also_o man_n place_n in_o their_o closet_n kiss_n or_o embrace_v the_o picture_n or_o effigy_n of_o a_o person_n who_o they_o dear_o love_v without_o any_o fear_n of_o either_o idololatria_fw-la or_o idolodulia_n in_o such_o a_o practice_n again_o for_o the_o internal_a intention_n join_v with_o such_o outward_a gesture_n this_o also_o non_fw-la ullus_fw-la cultus_fw-la eorum_fw-la qui_fw-la tribuuntur_fw-la naturae_fw-la intelligenti_fw-la as_o bellarmin_n observe_v or_o any_o such_o submission_n of_o mind_n as_o he_o that_o honour_v it_o acknowledge_v himself_o inferior_a to_o it_o which_o vasquez_n therefore_o take_v internal_a adoration_n in_o so_o strict_a sense_n just_o reject_v as_o unapplicable_a to_o any_o image_n or_o inanimate_a thing_n in_o what_o consideration_n soever_o but_o a_o inward_a esteem_n and_o value_n of_o they_o for_o some_o particular_a relation_n they_o have_v to_o some_o other_o object_n more_o excellent_a than_o ourselves_o as_o also_o a_o intention_n by_o the_o outward_a gesture_n we_o use_v to_o show_v not_o to_o the_o image_n to_o which_o we_o perform_v they_o but_o to_o any_o person_n capable_a of_o understand_v our_o action_n the_o prototype_n or_o other_o the_o esteem_n we_o have_v of_o any_o thing_n so_o near_o belong_v to_o such_o a_o person_n f._n suarez_n thus_o express_v it_o in_o 3._o thom._n disp_n 54._o §_o 5._o est_fw-la existimatio_fw-la quaedam_fw-la imaginis_fw-la ut_fw-la est_fw-la similitudo_fw-la ad_fw-la personam_fw-la sacram_fw-la or_o ut_fw-la est_fw-la quaedam_fw-la res_fw-la habens_fw-la relationem_fw-la ad_fw-la tale_n exemplar_n propter_fw-la quam_fw-la honour_n illi_fw-la exhibetur_fw-la non_fw-la ea_fw-la intention_n ut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la illum_fw-la percipiat_fw-la such_o cult_a belong_v only_o to_o thing_n intelligent_a say_v solum_fw-la ut_fw-la convenienti_fw-la &_o reverenti_fw-la modo_fw-la tractetur_fw-la juxta_fw-la existimationem_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la illa_fw-la haberi_fw-la debet_fw-la atque_fw-la adeo_fw-la ut_fw-la haec_fw-la ipsa_fw-la existimatio_fw-la ipsism_n actionibus_fw-la significetur_fw-la &_o ostendatur_fw-la significatio_fw-la autem_fw-la haec_fw-la sicut_fw-la non_fw-la fit_a propter_fw-la imaginem_fw-la quae_fw-la adoratur_fw-la ita_fw-la neque_fw-la fit_a ad_fw-la ipsam_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la ipsa_fw-la percipiat_fw-la animum_fw-la &_o intentionem_fw-la adorantis_fw-la sed_fw-la hoc_fw-la modo_fw-la ordinatur_fw-la significatio_fw-la ad_fw-la eum_fw-la propter_fw-la quem_fw-la fit_a adoratio_fw-la vel_fw-la certe_fw-la etiam_fw-la ad_fw-la alios_fw-la qui_fw-la adorationem_fw-la vident_fw-la whereby_o such_o person_n will_v testify_v to_o they_o his_o honour_n of_o the_o prototype_n unde_fw-la per_fw-la tale_n officium_fw-la adorationis_fw-la homo_fw-la non_fw-la ita_fw-la se_fw-la submittit_fw-la imagini_fw-la ut_fw-la profiteatur_fw-la se_fw-la inferiorem_fw-la illa_fw-la which_o may_v remove_v vasquez'_v scruple_n say_v solum_fw-la profitetur_fw-la imaginem_fw-la pertinere_fw-la seu_fw-la esse_fw-la aliquid_fw-la ejus_fw-la qui_fw-la superior_a &_o excellentior_fw-la est_fw-la in_o which_o worship_n of_o the_o image_n virtualiter_fw-la exhibetur_fw-la rei_fw-la intellectuali_fw-la debitus_fw-la cultus_fw-la quamvis_fw-la in_o expressa_fw-la &_o formali_fw-la intention_n hoc_fw-la non_fw-la habeatur_fw-la thus_o suarez_n de_fw-fr mysterio_fw-la incarnate_a disp_n 36._o §_o 3._o n._n 39_o and_o lugo_n thus_o animus_fw-la exercendi_fw-la exterius_fw-la circa_fw-la imaginem_fw-la dando_fw-la ei_fw-la superiorem_fw-la locum_fw-la honorifice_fw-la eam_fw-la tractando_fw-la etc._n etc._n propter_fw-la excellentiam_fw-la exemplaris_fw-la quam_fw-la repraesentat_fw-la eas_fw-la actiones_fw-la submissionis_fw-la externae_fw-la praestat_fw-la quas_fw-la exercere_fw-la solemus_fw-la circa_fw-la excellentiores_fw-la &_o dominos_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la quod_fw-la volumus_fw-la significare_fw-la quod_fw-la interius_fw-la existimemus_fw-la imaginem_fw-la esse_fw-la nobis_fw-la superiorem_fw-la vel_fw-la dominum_fw-la quia_fw-la totus_fw-la hic_fw-la honour_n debetur_fw-la exemplari_fw-la etiam_fw-la in_o sva_fw-la imagine_v this_o i_o have_v exhibit_v at_o length_n out_o of_o these_o two_o judicious_a schoolman_n to_o avoid_v many_o cavil_n about_o the_o mode_n of_o this_o inferior_a worship_n and_o observance_n that_o be_v give_v to_o and_o terminate_v in_o image_n as_o also_o in_o other_o sacred_a thing_n §_o 50_o 8._o yet_o 8ly_a catholic_n contend_v that_o it_o do_v not_o hence_o become_v necessary_a that_o this_o existimation_n or_o external_a reverend_a tractation_n of_o inanimate_a thing_n perform_v to_o they_o in_o consideration_n of_o some_o other_o sacred_a or_o honourable_a person_n they_o appertain_v to_o shall_v therefore_o