soft greene leaves and gray underneath resembling the other but longer pointed at the tops of the stalkes and branches stand severall white flowers made of five large leaves a peece somewhat like a Hollihock with a tuft of white threds compassing a middle pointell issuing out of a greene button or huske which is as it were ribbed and broad at the bottome narrowing to the toppe before the flower blow without any sent like the Hollihocke all the stalkes die downe every yeare to the ground the roote is thicke white and fleshy abiding safe in the earth all the winter 4. Althaea semper virens Bryoniae folio Ever greene marsh Mallowes This evergreene marsh Mallowe hath many faire large whitish greene leaves somewhat thicke full of veines and rough or hairy but whitish or hoary underneath cut in or divided into five parts usually somewhat like a Bryonie leafe the stalkes are hoary white and round rising to be two or thee foote high having such like large leaves upon them and smaller also among them standing all of them upon long footestalkes the flowers are like unto those of the Mallowes and much about the same colour consisting of five broad pointed leaves having many red threds in the middle after which come flat leafed heads such as other Mallowes have wherein is conteined such like small seede the rootes are dispersed into severall parts under ground and dye not but retaine some of the leaves upon them all the winter although the stalkes dye downe and perish to the ground 1. Althaea vulgaris Ordinary marsh Mallow 3. Althaea roseâ— peregrina The strange marsh Mallow Rose 5. Althaea lutea five Abutilon Avicennae putatum Yellow marsh Mallow 6. Abutilon Indicum Camerarii Camerarius his white Indian marsh Mallow 7. Althaea palustris Cytini flore Red flowred marsh Mallow Althaea frutex Shrubbie marsh Mallow 5. Althaea lutea sive Abutilon Avicennae putatum Yellow marsh Mallow The yellow Mallow or marsh Mallow riseth up with one soft woolly greene round stalke for the most part and seldome with more divided oftentimes even from the bottome into divers branches at every joynt stand severall large round leaves as soft as velvet pointed at the ends and dented about the edges hanging downe at the end of long stalkes which stand forth right the flowers stand singly but one at a joynt with the leafe which is small and yellow composed of five small pointed leaves standing in a small greene huske which being past there succeede soft greene pods or seede vessels turning blacke when they are ripe composed of many small hornes or pods set together like unto an head or seede vessell of Fraxinella in every one whereof is conteyned small blacke roundish seede the roote is not great nor long but with divers fibres at it and perisheth every yeare 6. Abutilon Indicum Camerarij Camerarius his white Indian marsh Mallow This Indian marsh Mallow riseth up with an upright straight hairystalke shooting from the joynts in divers places small branches whereat likewise are set such like soft round and pointed leaves as are in the last hanging downwards for the most part at the end of long stalkes which are somewhat hairie also the flowers stand in the same manner that the other doe but are somewhat larger and of a white colour and yellow at the bottome with divers threds in the middle the roote is full of small fibres and perisheth every yeare in the like manner 7. Althaea palustris Cytini flore Red flowred marsh Mallow The red flowred marsh Mallow sendeth forth many soft leaves somewhat like unto those of the ordinary marsh Mallow but not so soft or whitish but of a pale greene colour on the upper side and whiter underneath longer also and dented somewhat deeper about the edges standing upon long footestalkes among which rise up divers round greene stalkes three or foure foote high bearing the like leaves on them at severall distances from the joynts of the leaves towards the tops of the stalkes and at the tops of them likewise come forth the flowers consisting of five leaves longer and narrower then in other Mallowes not broad but pointed at the ends of a deepe reddish purple colour tending to an orenge and sometimes paler or more delayed and in some plants of a white colour with divers threds standing in the middle about a small greene head which in time becommeth the seede vessel growing like the cod or seede vessel of the Birthwort of a sad brownish colour on the outside parting into five divisions wherein lye small brownish seede the roote is long white and tough somewhat like a marsh Mallow but nothing so great or Muccilaginous that is slymie 8. Althaea arborescens Provincialis Tree marsh Mallow of France This tree marsh Mallow is very like unto the Shrubbe Mallow set forth in my former booke but yet is not the same differing in some not able points from it for although the stemmes thereof are more wodddy then the former tree Mallow yet are they not altogether so hard and woody as the shrub Mallow but groweth much higher even to a mans height sometimes having many whitish hoarie leaves in the naturall places but of a whitish greene growing in our climate and not hoary at all somewhat rough broad and round and not so long pointed as the Shrubbe Mallow yet cut in into some divisions and dented at the edges at the toppes of the stemmes and likewise from the sides growe many flowers like unto those of the marsh Mallowes but of as deepe a colour almost as the wilde mallow yet smaller then those of the shrub mallow after which come such like flat huskes and seede as the other mallowes give the roote is great and wooddy spreading many branches under ground abiding long and sometimes holding the stalkes with the leaves upon them all the winter the tops being cut off yet sometimes also if the winter be over sharpe or it bee not planted or remooved into a warme place or defended from the extremitie thereof they will perish downe to the ground but the next yeare fresh ones will arise againe from the roote 9. Althaea fruticosa Cretica Shrub marsh Mallow of Candy The Shrub marsh mallow of Candy in the second yeare after it is sowen riseth up with divers wooddy greene stalkes covered over with much downe or woollinesse three or foure foote high whereon grow hoary large leaves cut into corners and dented about the edges ending in a point the flowers grow at the tops of the stalkes made of five leaves like mallowes and broad at the points but of a fine delayed red colour tending to a blush having a stile or pointell in the middle compassed about with whitish threds which flowers are nothing so great as the former being not much bigger then the flowers of the ordinary marsh maâ—low after which come such like round cases and seede as they give the roote is long tough and white like the common marsh mallow but more
square head or berrie like i◠forme unto the former somewhat spongie or light of a faire yellow colour on the outside wherein lie shining round seede blacke on the outside two or three lying in one cell or partition which are very like unto the seedes of bastard Dittany 3. Evonymus la tifolius Broad leafed Spindle tree of Hungary This broad leafed Spindle tree riseth up if it be manured to be higher than any man spreading his slender pliant branches uneasie to breake whereon doe grow many faire broad greene leaves set by couples and as large as the leaves of Laurocerasus or Cherry Bay tree lightly dented about the edges and of an unpleasant and bitter taste at the joynts betweene the leaves and stalkes spring forth long stalkes with diverse flowers at the end of them hanging downe their heads consisting of foure white broad leaves tending to a flesh or blush colour very like unto the common Spindle tree which turne into foure square heads of berries and sometimes into five square berries but much larger having certaine lists like to winges on every of them wherein are contained white graines or kernells covered with a yellow skinne as in the first The Place The first groweth in many places of this Kingdome in woods and untilled places and serveth among other shrubbes for hedges the second Clusius found both in the upper and the lower Hungary upon those hills that runne to the Alpes as also in Moravia in the woods there The last was found by Clusius also in a wood in that part of Hungary that is called Interamnis and which the Germanes call Windeschlandt beyond the rive◠Dravus The Time They doe all flower about May and their berries are ripe in September The Names This is generally by most Writers called Evonymus and taken to be the true 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophrastus q◠boni nominis in lib. 3. cap. ultimo and which hee calleth Tetragonia translated Quadratoria by Gaza in his third Booke and sixt Chapter but there are diverse and Lugdunensis with them that have rather judged an other shrubbe to be Evnonymus which Gesner in his Epistles and Clusius in his history of Plants thinke to be a kinde of Ledum and is by Clusius called Laedum Alpinum which I have remembred before in the former Classis by Vlisses Abdroandus Nerium Alpinum as Gesner in descriptione montis fracti doth record and is probable to be Chamaerhododendros Alpina odora of Pena and Lobel in their Adversaria and which Lobell in his Observations calleth Balsamum Alpinum but Clusius sheweth plainely that it cannot agree therewith not having a foure square head or huske It hath beene corruptly called Anonymus of diverse instead of Evonymus as Cordus i◠Hist saith Tragus mistaking it called it Carpinus It is called also Fusanum and Fusoria because the Italians called it Fusaro as being used by Turners and others to make spindles for spinning wheeles and other things and by Bauhinus Evonymus vulgaris granis rubentibus The second is called by Clusius Evonymus alter vel secundus by Camerarius and Tabermontanus Evonymus Pannonicus and by Bauhinus Evonymus granis nigris The last is called Evonymus sive latifolius by Clusius and all others It is called in English Spindle tree Pricke timber tree and Prickwood and in some countries of this land Dogge wood and might from the forme of the berries as well be called Square berried tree The Jtalians call it Fusano the French Fusin and bonnet deprestre the Germans Spindelbaum the Dutch Papenhaut The Vertues This is seldome used in Physicke with us for to helpe any disease yet it is found by experience that three or foure kernells will purge both by vomiting by the stoole causing much choller and flegme to be avoided Theophrastus and from him diverse others have said that the leaves hereof are pernicious and deadly especially to Sheepe and Goates unlesse they be purged by Anochus which word is not well knowne what it meaneth Dodonaeus interpreting it that they should be purged upward and downeward and others understanding it that they should be purged by want or abstinence from meate Dalechampius as Lugdunensis setteth it downe confirmeth that saying of Theophrastus to be hurtfull to Goates by his owne experience who saw flockes of Goates feeding upon the shrubbes that grew with this but none of them to touch it and that they refused to eat it being cast unto them but Clusius saith the cleane contrary that hee understood the Goates in Hungary did greatly desire to eate the leaves thereof and tooke no harme thereby and that the Hungarians in their language call this shrubbe Kechke rago fa id est capris rosa arbor the Goates Rose tree so diverse be the writings and opinions of men whereof in many other things we have sufficient experience CHAP. XXXIX Rhamnus solutivus sive Spina Infectoria The purging Thorne THere are diverse sorts of Rhamnus some for this Classis others for another as shall be shewed in their places Of this thorne formerly we had the knowledge but of one sort onely untill Clusius in his Pannonicke observations set forth two other the one whereof shall be here expressed for I must referre the other to another place that is to the kindes of Lycium where you shall finde it 1. Rhamnus solutivus vulgaris The common purging thorne The purging thorne that is frequent in our owne Land is for the most part but a low shrubbe or hedge bush seldome growing any thing bigge or like a tree having many stemmes or branches rising from the roote covered with a smooth blackish red barke on the outside and greene on the inside the innermost being yellow the wood whereof is of a whitish yellow toward the outside and of a reddish yellow inward and at the heart 1. Rhamnus solutivus seu Spina infectoria vulgaris The common purging Thorne 2. Rhamnus solutivus minor Pannonicus The lesser purging thorne of Hungary 1. Rhamni sol tivi vulgaris Exactioricom cum floribus A more exact figure thereof strong and not easie to bend or to breake whereof strong bowes may be made and hath beene in times past the smaller branches are furnished with many leaves like unto those of the crab tree but smaller with small long straight thornes in many places set with the leaves the ends of the branches ending in a thorne also among the leaves come forth many flowers every one upon a severall foote stalke consisting of foure leaves a peece of a whitish greene colour after which come small round berries greene at the first and blacke when they are ripe full of pulpe or juyce that is greene with one or two small graines within them of an unpleasant taste 2. Rhamnus solutivus minor Pannonicus The lesser Purging thorne of Hungary This lesser Rhamnus groweth much lower than the former with smaller branches not above a yard and a halfe high having many leaves thereon smaller and narrower than the former almost
yellow colour with pointed leaves somewhat like unto Numularia with round heads also containing the seede and small fibrous rootes not perishing every yeare as the rest doe for with the plant in flower which I have gathered there hath remained the dry stalke with the heads of seede of the former yeares growing 6. Anagallis tennifolia flore caeruleo Narrow leafed Pimpernell with blew flowers This blew flowred Pimpernell groweth in the same manner that the rest doe with spreading branches upon the ground and leaves set at the severall joynts thereof all along up to the toppes but they are longer and narrower somewhat resembling the leaves of Gratiola or hedge Hyssope and not alwaies two at a joynt but oftentimes three or peradventure more yet very seldome at the joynts likewise with the leaves stand severall flowers as in the other sorts upon small long footestalkes made of five small round pointed leaves yet somewhat greater then those of the former blew sort having a shew or circle of a purple colour in the middle or bottome which afterwards yeeld such like round heads and seedes and having small threddy rootes like unto the other perishing in the same manner every yeare The Place The first groweth every where almost as well in the medowes and corne fields as by the wayes or in gardens arising of it selfe the second is nothing so common yet is found growing neere Battle by Oxford and plentifully in Rumney Marsh at Higham Ferrers Artilborroâ— and Raundes in Northamptonshire and at Beconsfield in Buckinghamshire The third as Clusius saith first grew with him in his Garden at Franckford and continually by the shedding of the seede preserved it owne kinde as well there as in Holland at Leyden The fourth grew of it selfe in my owne Garden here in London and commeth up every yeere of it owne sowing The fift groweth in the shady places of Hampsted wood and in many places of Kent and about Ashford at a place called the Parke The last Clusius saith he had from the noble and learned Iohn Monnel of Tornay who received it from Cadis or Calis where it grew and grew likewise in his garden at Tornay The Time They doe all flower from May unto August and the seede ripeneth in the meane time and falleth The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anagallis and so likewise in Latine Pena thinketh it might take the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod Graece dicebatur Hyacinthus unde a colore Hyacintheo Anagallis nuncupari potnit vel fortè dixit antiquitas Anagallidem quia superbula floribus venustis vias passim ornet colore oculis grato amico Iacobus Manlius and Matthiolus after him call it Morsus Gallinae and Morgelina but that name is more truely the name of Alfine Chickeweede whereof this may be accounted a species Some have called it Auricula Muris following therein the Pandectarum author Dioscorides saith that in his time it had divers names among which he numbreth Macia which Marcellus Virgilius also remembreth and Corchorus and Halicacabus whereby it is supposed to be the Corchorus of Theophrastus which in his seventh booke and seventh chapter he reckoneth Inter olera among the pot herbes or sallet herbes and for the bitternesse became a Proverbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Corchorus inter alora which is understood of those men that would be esteemed of some worth and account among others when they are the vilest of others for so Plinye in his twenty fift booke and thirteenth chapter doth say that this Anagallis Pimpernell was called Corchorus or Corcorus in the same manner but not that Corchorus he mentioneth in his 15. booke and 32. chap. which as I sayd before is more truely taken to be Melochia Olus Iudaicum the Iewes Mallow Paulus Aegineta used the male Pimpernell in the composition Diacorallion because it was called Corallion whereof he speaketh in his seventh booke which is used against the diseases of the Arteries and joynts and was to be made with this herbe which some doe rather thinke should be called diacollarion and the herbe Collarion which may seeme to take the name of glewing which is proper to Pimpernell Some also take this to be the Melochia of Serapio but Serapio calleth the Anagallis flore phaeniceo which is generally called Mas In the Arabian tongue Xantala and the other flore caerulea which is the Femina Cardabella as Tragus saith The Italians call it Anagallo and Morso di gallina The Spaniards Murages The French Mauron and Morgelius The Germanes Gauch heiil quasi salus fatnorum or coccygis sive cuculi for so they call Gauchbrot Panis cuculi and Gauch blum flos cuculi from a superstitious conceit as it is thought that it being hung over the threshould of the porch or dore will frustrate or expell all witchcraft or sorceries The Dutch Guichel heil and we in English Pimpernell The first here set downe is generally of all writers called Anagallis mas flore phaeniceo as the other or second Anagallis faemina flore caeruleo The third Clusius maketh mention of in his history of planes The fourth is not remembred or spoken of by any other but my selfe the fift is generally called Anagallis lutea but of Gesner in hortis Germania Numularia sylvatica mas and of Lugdunensis Alfine lutea The last Clusius calleth Anagallis tennifolia Monelli and Bauhinus Anagallis caerulea foltis biniâ—â—ernisve exadverso nascentibus The Vertues Pimpernell as Galen saith in his sixth booke of the faculties of simples of both sorts with red or blue flowers are of a clensing faculty they have also an attractive heate whereby they draw forth thornes or splinters or other such like things fastned in the flesh and therefore the juyce put up into the nostrils purgeth the head briefely also they have a drying faculty without sharpenesse whereby they are good to soder the lippes of wounds and to clense foule ulcers thus saith Galen whereby it is plaine that they â—e greatly that make Pimpernell to be cold and moyst when as they are quite contrary hot and dry and of such a clensing quality that the distilled water or juyce are by the French Dames accounted mervailous good to clense the skinne from any roughnesse deformity or discolouring thereof and to make it smooth neare and cleere being boyled in wine and given to drink it is a good remedy against the Plague and other Pestelentiall Fevers and contagious diseases so as after the taking thereof warme they lye in their beds and sweate for two houres after and hereby the venome of the disease would bee expelled yet so as that it bee used twice at the least the same also helpeth all stingings and bitings of any venemous beasts be they of Serpents as the Viper Adder or Scorpion or madde dogges or any other used inwardly and applyed outwardly the same also openeth the obstructions of the Liver and is very availeable against the infirmities of the raines provoketh
unto Cicers having small whitish red flowers and afterwards many long Cods growing together and hanging downewards like unto the wormes called Ascarides which we call Arsewormes yet somewhat thicke and full of blacke seede de Laet addeth in a Parenthesis Some say the seede is like unto Fenugreck flat at both ends as if it had beene cut of For the manner of making whereof hee saith They cast the leaves into a brasse vessell pouring thereon scalding hot water or rather lukewarme yet some allow of cold water as best stirring them very well that the water may draw out the tincture which they poure out into another vessell that hath an hole therein somewhat high whereout the cleare water may passe the thicke coloured substance remaining behinde which afterwards they straine through a cloth or bag setting the thicke substance in the Sunne and make it into cakes which is then dryed and hardened in pans at the fire Thus farre de Laet. The other description is by Mr. William Finch a London Merchant as it is set downe by Mr. Purchas in his fourth Booke of Pilgrims the 4 Chap. pag. 429. It is a shrub saith he not above a yard high and as bigge as a mans thumbe at the biggest the branches are wooddy like unto Broome having many leaves set together on a short footestalke in forme like Cives misprinted for Cicerâ— or Ciche pease or like those of Sena but shorter and broader the flower saith he is like unto an Hearts case the seede is inclosed in a small round cod about an inch long resembling Fenegreck seede but more blunt at both ends such very seedes for colour also we have often had sent for Indico seede yet never any sprang with us but once and that but one plant and over hastily plucked up before it had any forme to be discerned yet the small threddy roote was of a pale blew colour which I doe keepe by me to shew the seede also while it is fresh being steeped in water gave a blewish colour These descriptions so like in most things and so nearely also resembling Alpinus his Sesban but that it hath a yellow flower perswadeth me that Sesban being undoubtedly a kind of Glaux Leguminosa so may Indico be also but differing in the Dye The manner of making at Mr Finch saith is thus being variously described by others They gather the leaves when they have cut the branches in August and September after the raines the seede being ripe in November and cast them into a long Cesterne powring water thereon and presse them downe with stones that they may be overcovered so abiding for certaine dayes that the substance of the herbe may be drawne out into the water which they let forth into another round Cesterne in the minst whereof is another small Cesterne or Center the meaning whereof I doe not understand and labour it with great staves like batter or white Starch scumming of the cleare water after it is setled then labour it afresh and draw off the cleare water againe being setled doing thus so often untill nothing but a thicke substance remaine which they dry in the Sunne being spread upon cloth and after it is a little hardned they make it into small balls with their hands laying them to dry on the sand for any other thing would drinke up the colour as also if it take raine in the drying it will lose his colour and glosse After it is sowen it endureth three yeares that Indico of the first yeare while the plant is tender is weighty and reddish called Notee that of the second yeare is rich being very light and of a perfect violet colour swimming on the water and is called Câ—eree that of the third yeare when the plant is declining and peradventure but fabulous traditions is a weighty blackish Nil the worst of the three and called Catteld The best is made saith hee about Biany neere 20. miles beyond Fetipore in the Mogols country in the East Indies And Ximenes aforesaid as de Laet hath it saith the Indians of the West call the Plant Xihuiquilitl pitzahuac and the Mexicans call the tincture made thereof Mohuitli and Tlecohuitli but the other Barbarians Tlacchoylinuhuitl and therewith colour their haire blacke I have not heard that good Indico is one of the Merchandises of the West but of the East Indies onely De Laet having given the figure of a branch of Indico I doe here likewise exhibite the same The Place The wilde kinde groweth in sundry untilled places and fields in Germany as it is sayd but the manured is sowen as well in Germany France and Spaine as in Italy also in Vmbria neare unto Nocera as Matthiolus saith where there is a towne called Gnado of the Woade that grew there abundantly and in the Ilands of Terceras belonging to Spaine Some have sowen it in our owne land but they have found it to be the cause of the destruction of their Bees for it hath beene observed that they have dyed as it were of a Flix that have tasted thereof it is sayd that in some places they sow their Woade upon the same ground that afterwards they sowed their Corne which crop of Woade is three times cut in a yeare and that these rootes that are not turned up with the Plough will beare seede among the Corne. The Plant whereof the Nil or Indico is made groweth in divers places of the East Indies but especially in Guzurate and the best in and about Bianie in the Mogols countrey The Time Woade flowreth in Iâ—ne but the seede is late ripe The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Isatis in Latine Glastum also and Guadum of some after the Italian word Guado whereby they call Woade Caesar in his first booke de Bello Gallico maketh mention of Glastum wherewith the ancient Brittaines did colour themselves to seeme the more terrible to their enemies in battaile as it is thought or that they did then as the Savages of the West Indies doe now delight in such a colour to paint their naked skinnes therewith Pliny also speaketh of the Brittaines using of Glastum in his 22. Booke and first Chap. but divers doe diversly imagine from whence the word Glastum should be derived some have imagined that in both those Authors the word Vitrum should be read in stead of Glastum because the Germane word Glâ— from whence they thinke Glastum is derived is signified by Vitrum and some also would turne Viâ— to Nitrum but Nitrum is not for such use for it is yet very rare or scarse seene of any with us the Aâ—liâ— call it Pili Deligi Chate charis Alchat Alden or Adhlen or as Avicen in his 512. Chap. saith Nil yet 〈◊〉 306. Chap. he hath another Nil which is a kind of Convenvulus or blew Bellflower whereof I have sp◠〈◊〉 former Booke which Serapio calleth Hab alnil granum nil but this Nil for Nir in the Arabicâ—e 〈◊〉 as some say
pointed leaves a peece with some yellow threds in the middle of a pretty sent in some places but lesse or none in others after which follow small round heads containing therein small yellow seede this dyeth not but abideth many yeares increasing in branches which yeeld a viscous or muciliginous juice like unto Comfrey and is of an austere and astringent taste 2. Helianthemum flore albo White Dwarfe Cistus or small Sunflower This Cistus differeth little from the former but that it riseth somewhat higher the leaves being a little whiter and longer and not set so thicke together the flower also is somewhat longer and white in some places being a little sweete and in others little or nothing at all but an astringent taste like the other 3. Helianthemum Sabaâ—dicum The Savoy small Sunflower or Dwarfe Cistus This is likewise one of the same kind differing very little from them having flexible but tough reddish branches standing somewhat more upright and divided into other lesser with foure small narrow leaves usually set at a joynt contrary to all the rest yet the flowers are like the others being in some yellow in others white the seede and roote are not unlike 4. Helianthemum angustifolium Narrow leafed small Sunflower or Dwarfe Cistus This small low or Dwarfe Cistus is likewise a small plant having most of the branches lying on the ground with leaves set thereon but in a different manner from all the rest that is confusedly for they are very many small and narrow and in a manner hoary or white at the tops of the stalkes rise up small whitish or pale yellow flowers like in forme unto the other with small threds in the middle the heads that follow are small and three square like unto those of Line or Flax with reddish seede in them the roote is wooddy and fibrous 1. Helianthemum vulgare The ordinary dwarfe Cistus or small Sunflower 3. Helianthemum Sabandicum The Savoy Dwarfe Cistus Chamaecistus Frisicus The Dwarfe Cistus of Vrtezelâ—d 5. Chamaecistus latifolius Broad leafed small Sun-flower or Dwarfe Cistus The small branches of this low or Dwarfe Cistus doe lye on the ground but the leaves are somewhat broader then in any of the former nearest in forme unto small Mirtle leaves and pointed at the ends above the leaves on a small stalke stand foure or five small yellow flowers like the rest the heads for seede are three square and the seede within them somewhat rough and reddish the roote is like the rest abiding long 6. Chamaecistus hirsutus Dwarfe Cistus with rough leaves The stalkes of this low Cistus grow more upright then the former more blacke also and more woddy about halfe a foote in length having so many small rough and hairy darke greene leaves set thereon somewhat like the last and so thicke that they seeme to have foure at a joynt at the toppes of the stalkes and branches for they are divided into smaller ones stand usually but one somewhat large flower and sometimes two consisting but of one leafe yet cut in so deepe that it seemeth to be five round pointed leaves of a pale purple or light blush colour with a long purplish stile or pointell in the middle compassed about with ten small chives tipt with blackish chives after which come five square round heads conteining small yellow seede the root is wooddy and spreading 7. Chamaecistus Ericae folijs Heath leafed Dwarfe Cistus This Dwarfe Cistus is likewise a small plant having most of the branches lying on the ground and some bearing themselves upright which are of two sorts the one with very short leaves which is the lower and in the other which riseth higher much longer set both so small that they are most like unto the leaves of Heath or Tamariske with small yellow flowers at the toppes of them like unto the former after which come small heads that swell out in the middle are straked and yellowish containe within them small round seede like Millet but greater the roote is somewhat long hard and wooddy blackish on the outside with divers long fibres thereat 8. Chamaecistus Serpilli folio flore luteo Yellow Dwarfe Cistus with wilde Time leaves This Dwarfe Cistus creepeth upon the ground like unto wild Time with such like small leaves set upon the reddish branches very thicke or as it were in a double row of a darke greene colour and a little hairy withall but a little longer and whiter next unto the flowers which stand three or foure together every one on a pretty long hairy footestalke consisting of five small yellow leaves like unto the other and somewhat sweete the roote is very fibrous or much spread under ground 9. Chamaecistus Serpilli folio flore carneo The great Dwarfe Cistus with wilde Time leaves This other wilde Time leafed Cistus hath creeeping blackish branches farther extended upon the ground then the other being about a foote in length and taking roote as they creepe having such like but small leaves set thereon by couples of a sad greene colour on the upper side and grayish underneath at the ends of the branches stand three or foure flowers together made of five leaves a peece of a kind of blush colour the heads that beare the seede are five square and open themselves at the toppes shewing very small seede the roote is small and wooddy all these sorts of Dwarfe Cistus or Sunflowers are durable not perishing in the Winter The Place The first and second grow in divers places of this land but especially in Kent in every tract thereof throughout which in some places is greater then in others yet that with the white flower is more rare to finde then the others the third according to the title in Savoy the fourth Clusius saith he found on the hills about the Bathes of Baden the fift he likewise saith groweth plentifully on the Alpes of Austria and Hungary the sixt also upon the snowy hills of the Alpes the seaventh on the open sunny sandy hills in divers places of France Spaine and Italy the eighth Clusius saith hee never found but upon the highest Alpes of Austria and Stiria and as some thinke is that sort is most usuall with us here in England the last also on the snowy hills of the Alpes The Time All these sorts of Dwarfe Cistus doe flower in the Summer some earlier and later then other by a moneth yet most of them are so soone fading that their flowers endure but a day or two and perfect their seede soone after The Names I am verily perswaded that Dioscorides hath made mention of this herbe in two sundry places of his worke the one in the Chapter of Helenium which he saith Cratevas called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Helenium Aegyptium and grew like Serpyllum unto which Pliny also in his 29. Booke and 10. Chap. consenteth saying Helenium is sayd to grow of Helleus teares and the best to grow in the Island Helena it is a small shrubbe lying on the ground with leaves
like unto Serpyllum or mother of Time and in the 22. Chap. of the same Booke hee remembreth it againe and giveth the vertues thereof which are differing from the other Helenium or Elecampane for he there saith that the juice thereof is sweete and being drunke in wine is a furtherer of mirth and may be held to be the Nepenthe whereof Homer speaketh that putteth away all sorrowes but some thinke that this differeth from the Helenium of Theophrastus because he numbreth it still among sweete herbes that were used in Garlands as Serpyllum Sisymbrium and Abrotanum and therefore judge it to be Marum or herbe Masticke the other place in Dioscorides is in his Chapter of Panax and called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panax and Panaces Chironium which hee there saith hath leaves like unto Amaracus or Marjerome and yellow flowers and a small roote all know the leaves of Marjerome doe not much differ from Serpyllum in the forme but in the largenesse and hoary whitenesse and therefore divers Authors doe call it diversly some as Lugdunensis calleth it Helenium minus Dioscorides and others Helenium alterum sive Aegyptium and some Panax and Panaces Chironium as Matthiolus and others that follow him or Chironia as Caesalpinus some also take it to be Helianthe of Pliny which Cordus calleth Heleanthemum or flos Solis and so doe Lobel Thalius Tabermontanus and divers others Gesner in hortis Germaniae calleth it Gratia Dei or Hyssopoides for the likenesse of the leaves which deceived both him and Tragus who called it Hyssopus campestris and Lonicerus who called it Hyssopus montana sive sylvestris who all follow the common appellations of their countries Cordus saith it was called by divers in his time Consolida aurea so saith Clusius also yet he would rather referre all these sorts to the family of the female Cistus and make them of his third order of Cistus calling them Chamaecistus because they are like unto them both in face and propertie Lobel in his Adversaria would rather referre it to the Centaurium luteum whereunto as he saith it is both in face and vertue not unlike the first which is as usuall with us as in Germany is called of the Germans Heyden Yssop that is Heathen Hyssope we may call it in English and so the rest eyther small Sunflower or Dwarfe Cistus the third is remembred by Tabermontanus under the same title it is expressed here the fourth is the sixt Chamaecistus of Clusius the fift is his third Chamacistus in his History of Plants but are the first and second in his Pannonicke observations and there called Augustifolius and Latifolius as Bauhinus doth also the sixt is Clusius his eighth Chamaecistus and called by Tabermontanus Cistus humilis Austriaca by Bauhinus Chamaecistus hirsuta the seventh is called by Lugdunensis Erica Chrysanthâ—os and by Bauhinus Chamaecistus Erica folio luteus who judgeth it to bee the Cori similiâ— frutex in maritiâ—is of Caesalpinus and the Coris Dioscoridis of Guilandinus the eighth is the second Chamaecistus of Clusius which Tabermontanus calleth Cistus humilis Serpillifolia and I thinke may bee the Helianthes species â—ara in the Adversaria of Pena and Lobel which Lobel afterwards in his Icones calleth Cistus majoranae foliis and Bauhinus maketh to be a Cistus faemina numbring it among them the last Clusius in his Pannonicke observations was not well resolved by what name to call it as partaking both with Cneorum Matthioli Chamaecistus and therefore left it there as an Anonima without name but considering afterwards better upon it he setteth it forth in his history of Plants for his seventh Chamaecistus Bauhinus calleth it Chamaecistus Serpylli folia floribus carneis and taketh it to be the Rosa Alpina altera folijs minimis of Gesner in hort and the Alpina altera of Lobel The Vertues All these sorts are drying and binding or astringent with some bitternesse joyned thereto especially in some more then in others and not without some small sent also the decoction of this herbe and roote is singular good for them that spit blood and to stay all bleedings eyther inward or outward as also all fluxes or laskes and the aboundance of womens courses the same also is very effectuall to wash sore mouthes and the Vlcers that happen in the privy parts of man or woman it is no lesse profitable in other Vlcers of the body or legges which are long kept from healing by a defluxion of moist and sharpe humours falling upon them which it consumeth and dryeth up thereby causing the sores to heale the more speedily it likewise sodereth and closeth up the lippes of greene wounds for it is very powerfull in consolidating binding and strengthning any part and is as effectuall as any Comfrey for burstings the strengthning of weake joynts or any other binding propertie whereunto any Comfrey may be applied being bruised and applyed to the biting or sting of any venemous creature it stayeth the venome from further spreading and healeth the party quickly especially if they take also of the juice or the decoction thereof in wine the distilled water of the herbe is held to beautifie the skinne of the face or any other part of the body CHAP. LXXXV Cistus mas The male Holly or Sage Rose BEcause I entreated in the last Chapter of the small or Dwarfe Cistus which upon good ground as I take it I referred to the Helenium alterum of Dioscorides I thinke it not amisse here to prosecute the other kinds of Cistus whereof there are two principall one that beareth the sweete Gum Ladâ— and another that doth not according as some doe distinguish them or as others doe into male female yet some make three kinds and the Cistus Ledon to be the third but it may bee comprehended under the female kind in that it beareth white flowers as the female doth the male alwayes bearing red flowers but because there is so much varietie in every of them I will distribute them into their severall Chapters not intending to speake of those here I have spoke of in my former booke which is one of eyther of the two first sorts and two or three of the last yet if I give you their figures it shall be to shew you their differences 1. Cistus mas angustifolius Narrow leafed male Cistus This small Cistus groweth like a small shrubbe or bush with divers wooddy branches thereon set with leaves on each side two together which are longer and narrower softer also and not altogether so hoary or woolly as that sort which I have already set forth else not differing from it for the flowers are like unto those of the wild Eglantine or Brier Rose of a fine delayed reddish colour like unto the other as the heads and seede are also this roote is wooddy and groweth not deepe this is somewhat more tender to keepe and will lesse abide the injuries of our Winter frosts then the former 2. Cistus mas folio
with Vinegar it taketh away the Morphew Lepry and all other deformities in the skinne and is good also for old foule Vlcers and sores to clense and heale them thâ— say Dioscorides and Galen of their Telephium but divers have thought that the difference in qualitie may happen from the Climate as it doth in Arum which in some places of Asia and Cilicia as Galen saith is not sharpe and biting as it is in these places of Greece Italy and all Europe and as it is found also in the lesser Celandine which as they say is sharpe in some places but is not so found with us Orpine is seldome used in inward Medecines with us although Tragus saith from his countrey Germanes experience that the distilled water thereof is profitably taken of those that have any gnawings or excoriations in their stomacke or bowells or have Vlcers in their Lungs or Liver or other inward parts as also in the matrix or mother and doth helpe all those diseases being drunke for certaine dayes together and that it stayeth the sharpnesse of humors in the blooddy flux as also stayeth other 〈◊〉 of bloud in the body or in the wounds the roote thereof also performeth the same effect It is used outwardly to coole any heate or inflammation upon any hurt or wound and easeth the paines of them as also to heale scouldings or burnings the juyce thereof beaten with some greene sallet oyle and annointed the leafe also bruised and laid to any greene wound in the hands or legges doth heale them quickly and as it is said being bound to the throate of them that hath the Quinsie doth helpe it very much it helpeth ruptures or burstings and from thence as Tragus saith the Germans call it Bruch wurts and Knabenkraut The leaves are much used to make Gâ—ds about Midsommer with the come Marigold-flowers put upon strings to hang them up in their houses upon bushes and May-poles c. Tragus sheweth a superstitious course in his country that some use after Midsommer day is past to hang it up over their chamber doores or upon the walles which will be fresh and greene at Christmas and like the Aloe spring and shoote forth new leaves with this perswasion that they that hanged it up shall feele no disease so long as that abideth greene CHAP. IV. Rhodia sive Rhodia radix Rosewort BEcause this plant is so like unto an Orpine both in leafe flower and manner of growing I thinke it fit to joyne it next thereunto It sendeth forth divers stalkes which are upright thicke round and greene about a foote thicke set with leaves up to the toppes and are somewhat long and narrow like unto those of Orpine but smaller yet as fat or thicke and of the like pale greene colour dented about the edges the flowers are many small and yellow set in a tuft or cluster but smaller than Orpine with seede in heads like unto Rhodia radix Rosewort it also the roote is thicke and tuberous or knobbie at the heads and branched out rising oftentimes above the ground whereas it groweth somewhat reddish and is long downward with divers fibres annexed unto it which being a little broken or bruised with it is fresh Altera much more than when it is drie smelleth like a Rose from whence it tooke the name Some doe account that there is an other sort hereof whose leaves are not dented and the flowers more purplish than the other The Place It groweth in the North parts of England and no where else wilde in our Land as I can heare of as upon the mountaines of Pandle and Ingelborough oftentimes on the very raggiest places and most dangerous of them scarce accessible and so steepe that they may soone tumble downe that very warily doe not looke to their footing from whence hath beene sent me some rootes for my Garden The Time It flowreth about Iuly and the stalkes and leaves perisheth to the ground springing every yeare anew from the toote which abideth firme in all extremities of cold The Names It is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rhodia radix not from the Iland Rhodes but from the Rose as I said for the sent thereof it hath no other name with all authors than Rhodia radix or Rosea radix that I know The Vertues It is found by good experience to be cold and not hot as some have taken it to be and as Galen placeth it almost in the third degree of heate for even as red Roses so this by the coldnesse is profitable to asswage the headeach arising from an hot cause and both Dioscorides and Galen appoint it for paines in the head the juyce thereof with a little Rosewater applied to the forehead and temples which Gerard vindicateth to his owne invention CHAP. V. Aizoon Sedum sive Sempervivum majus The greater Houseleeke THere are so many sorts of Houseleekes properly and unproperly so called both great and small with whole or with divided leaves some cooling and others heating or exulcerating that without some methodicall division I can neither expresse them conveniently nor you apprehend them effectually which that I may do I will digest them into five Rankes and orders that is to say of all the great ones in this Chapter and of the smaller ones in the severall Chapters following which because they are of much variable I must intreate of those that grow upon muddie stone walles or houses and upon drie sandie bankes and places in the next thirdly of these that grow upon rockes and mountaines or in stony places and fourthly of such â—e divided leaves and lastly to accomplish the history of all the sorts of Houseleekes I should set forth the sorts of Coryledon or Kidney Worts but having entreated of many of them in my former Booke I will here shew you the rest that remaine 1. Sedum Majus legitimum The true great Houseleeke The true great Houseleeke groweth great to the forme of a shrubbe or woddy plant of the height of two or three foote or more sometimes in the naturall places which are the warme countries whose stemme or â—de below is of the bignesse of foure fingers and the other branches of ones thumme of a grayish colour on the oâ—side spot red as it were round about but they are the markes of the old leaves that are fallen the like whereof may be seene in the stalke of the Wood Spurge spreading limber smaller branches on all sides and â—es at the ends of them standing in a compasse like the heaâ—s of common houseleeke but nothing so close every 〈◊〉 formed somewhat like a tongue small at the bottome and broader toward the end where it is broadest â—y deâ—ted about the edges and as it were a little hollow like a Spoone thicke and full of juice and of a pale greene colour from the toppes of some of the branches thrusteth forth a long stalke divided into many twigges with some few small leaves on them and at the ends of them
give you because the plant perished through the intemperature of the climate The Place The first as I sayd groweth not onely neare the Sea coasts in the low countries and in our Land also but in the uplands also of the higher and lower Germany also by rivers sides as Cordus Gesner Clusius and others have set it downe the second as Clusius saith groweth in divers places of Spaine Portugall and Narbone in France the third he saith he onely found at the farther border of the kingdome of Valencia in Spaine about the Citie Horūela neare the River Sagura and in no place else the fourth he likewise saith he found plentifully among other shrubbes in the waste grounds of the kingdome of Granado and Murcia The Time They flower in the Sommer and the fruit is ripe in September The Names There is great controversie among our moderne writers as I said before concerning this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rhamnus as the Greekes and Latines call it every one almost appropriating one thorny bush or other thereunto for Camerarius and Tragus judge the Grossularia or Vuacrispa our Goose berry bush to be the Rhamni tertium genus of Dioscorides and call the Spina infectoria before set forth in this worke to be Rhamni aliaspecies not knowing any purging qualitie therein as others afterwards did and thereupon called it Rhamnus Catharticus or solutivus Matthiolus setteth forth likewise a kind of prickly bush for the Rhamnus secundus Dioscoridis which Pena and Lobel mislike giving another in the stead thereof which they say commeth nearer to the description of Dioscorides and even the ancient authors themselves are not constant nor free of variation herein for as before said Dioscorides hath three sorts of Rhamnus whereof the third sort is much doubted of by divers some thinking the Text of Dioscorides to be corrupt and the third sort to be added or superfluous Theophrastus hath but two sorts white and blacke and mentioneth Paliurus as a peculiar plant by it selfe saying also it is of many sorts and Galen maketh mention but of one sort as if there were but one or that the rest were comprehended under that one Pliny maketh two sorts but he without consideration referreth them to the Rubus or Bramble The first here set forth is the Rhamnus secundus Dioscoridis of Matthiolus Dodonaeus Clusius Lugdunensis as also of Lacuna and Lonicerus but Pena and Lobel in Adversarijs make it the first of Dioscorides Cordus upon Dioscorides and in his history also calleth it Oleaster Germanicus and in his Observationum sylva Oleastri peculiare genus Camerarius in horto and in Epitome calleth it Rhamni species and Caesalpinus Rhamni alterum genus Bellonius in his Observations maketh mention of a Rhamnus baccis rubentibus which it is probable is this Columna taketh it to be Hippophae Dioscoridis and Bauhinus calleth it Rhamnus Salicis folio angusto fructu flavescente the second is the Rhamnus primus Dioscoridis of Matthiolus Anguilara Lacuna Lonicceus Clusius Dodonaeus Lugdunensis and Rauwolfius Lobel calleth it Rhamnus alter Dioscoridis Monspeliacus Cordus upon Dioscorides and Bauhinus call it Rhamnus candida Theophrasti as also Rhamnus spinis oblongis flore candicante Rauwolfius saith that the Arabians call it Haoser and they about Tripoli in Soria or Syria Hansegi the third is Clusius his Rhammi primi altera species the fourth is his Rhamnus tertius and so also it is of Dodonaeus and Tabermontanus and of Lobel Rhamnus primae speciei tertius and is likely to be the Rhamni genus baccis nigris in Graecia of Bellonius Bauhinus calleth it Rhamnus niger Theophrasti and Rhamnus tertius flore herbaceo baccis nigris the fift Lugdunensis exhibiteth from a skilfull Herbarist as hee saith that brought it to Dalechampius gathered in Bavaria and not knowing unto what plant to referre it better called it Rhamnus Bavaricus which name doth so continue untill it can be better disposed of the last Iacobus Cornutus onely exhibiteth in his Canadensium plantarum historia The Arabians call it as is aforesaid the Italians Ramno and Mauruca the Spaniards Scambrones the French Bourgespine in some places for that name is given to divers plants in sundry places Anguilara saith that generally Dioscorides his first Rhamnus is taken to be that plant which at Rome is called Spino santo and of others Spino de Christo Marcellus in his booke de re medica calleth it Salutaris herba and spina alba Cordus also witneseth that Rhamnus is called by the Latines Spina alba but wisely adviseth that this shrub Spina alba be not confounded with the other two sorts of Thistles so called also Ovid also speaketh of it lib. 6. fastorum shewing the use of it in his time to expell incantations in these verses Sic fatus spinam qua tristes pellere posset Aforibus noxas haec erit alba dedit And in another place not farre from the former he saith the same of the same plant otherwise called Virga Ianalis in this manner Virgaque Ianalis despina sumitur alba Qua lumen thalamis parva fenestra dabat The Vertues These thorny plants are in qualitie one much like another being as Galen saith cold in the end of the first degree or in the beginning of the second and drying and digesting in the second and thereby helpeth inflammations Saint Anthonies fire and other fretting and eating Cankers and is good against pushes wheales c. in using the young leaves whiles they are fresh A decoction of the leaves and inner barke thereof made in water whereunto a little allome is put is very good to wash the mouth when there is any inflammation or Vlcer or other disease therein Clusius saith that the Spaniards doe eate the young shoots of his first Rhamnus as a Sallat herbe and that they use the decoction of the Blacke berries of this fourth sort to bathe those places that are out of joynt and to helpe the paines of the Goute CHAP. XXIIII Lycium sive Pyxacantha Box thorne ALthough we are not certaine that any of these thorny shrubs here set forth in this Chapter is the true and right Lycium of Dioscorides agreeing thereunto in all things yet because all of them have some correspondence therewith in divers particulars they have beene by the judicious finders out of them referred unto it as shall be shewed 1. Lycium vulgatius The more common Box thorne The more common Box thorne is a shrubbe or low tree yet growing sometimes foure or five cubits high with many branches spreading therefrom covered with a darke greene barke somewhat grayish in the body and older boughes set somewhat thicke with small hard and almost round leaves like Box two for the most part at a joynt from whence also thrusteth forth a small sharpe thorne the flowers grow many together in a cluster at the severall joynts upwards of a greenish colour after which come small berries greene at the first and blacke when they are ripe of the
bignesse of Privet berries but full of a bitter unpleasant sappe the roote speadeth diversly 2. Lycium Italicum Italian Box thorne The Italian Box thorne is a smaller and lower shrubbe whose older barke is rugged and of a darke colour but the younger have it thinne smooth and greenish the branches ending in a thorne whereupon are set small leaves dented about the edges very like unto those of the Sloe bush and of a darke greene colour harsh in taste and somewhat bitter withall at the joynts with the leaves come forth a few flowers of a whitish greene colour made of foure leaves a peece after which follow small greene berries and blacke when they are ripe with two and sometimes with three leaves as it were on the berrie the roote is wooddy and spreadeth 3. Lycium Hispanicum folio Buxi Spanish Box thorne with small round leaves The Spanish Box thorne hath divers slender but yet upright stemmes about two foote high covered with a reddish barke parting into many branches every one not onely ending in a thorne but having divers thornes set also here and there upon them many times but weake and short and at other sharpe and strong with many leaves growing on them somewhat like unto the small Box Myrtle leaves being of a clammy acide taste somewhat biting neyther flower nor fruit hath beene observed hereof 4. Lycium Hispanicum folio oblongo Spanish Boxthorne with longer leaves This other Spanish Box thorne riseth up but with one stemme parted into sundry branches whereon grow long and narrow leaves set without order 5. Lycium latifolium Monspeliacum Broad leafed Box thorne of Mompelier This cruell thorny bush groweth and spreadeth like an hedge bush set thicke with sharpe long thornes and divers leaves somewhat broad with them whereat likewise come forth small flowers which turne into small berries blacke when they are ripe three for the most part standing together having a reddish yellow juice within them giving that colour on paper leather c. and with three seedes in them and of a quicke sharpe taste 6. Lycium Gallicum Avenionense The yellow graine of Avignon This thorny shrubbe groweth to the height of three or foure cubits whose lower barke is of a grayish ashcolour spreading divers branches ending in thornes set at the joynts with many small leaves very like both for colour and thicknesse unto the small Box but somewhat narrower and longer whereat also come forth small flowers and after them small berries upon short footstalkes some being three square and others foure square according to the number of graines within them at whose head is set a small cup or cover and is of an astringent taste somewhat bitter which being dryed are much used of Diers and others to give a yellow colour 1. Lycium vulgatius The more common Box thorne 2. Lycium Italicum Italian Box thorne 4. Lycium Hispanicum folio oblongo Spanish Box thorne with longer leaves 6. Lycium Gallicum Avenionense The yellow graine of Avignon 7. Lycium Creticum primum Belli The first Box thorne of Candy 8. Lycium Creticum alterum The other Box thorne of Candy 10. Lycium Indicum creditum Alpino The supposed Indian Box thorne 12. Agiahalid Egyptiaca Lycio affinis The Egyptian Tree like unto Lycium 7. Lycium Creticum primum Belli The first Box thorne of Candy This Candian thorne groweth to be foure or five cubits high covered with a rough or scabbed barke of a grayish colour stored with sharpe thornes three alwayes growing together at a jont where the leaves also come forth three or foure together which are small somewhat neare unto Box leaves and lesser then those of the Barbary bush lightly snipped or dented about the edges the flowers are yellow comming forth at the joynts with the leaves which turne into small long berries not fully round therein somewhat like unto a Barbary but blacke when it is ripe each of them standing singly by it selfe upon a small footestalke of a taste betweene sweete and sower the wood hereof is yellow and the roote much more giving an excellent yellow dye divers have accounted it a kinde of mountaine Barbary for the resemblance thereunto more then unto Lycium but it differeth from the Barbary in that the leaves thereof are greater then of this and the Barbary hath the berries growing many together in a long cluster and this but singly one at a place as is before said and from the true Lycium it differeth in the fruit not being round like Pepper and is not bitter as the berries of most sort of Lycium are 8. Lycium Creticum alterum The other Box thorne of Candy This other Candian bush riseth up not above two or three cubits high thicke set with branches and thornes and small leaves upon them the berries are round as small as Pepper and blacke when they are ripe whereof is made an excellent yellow colour 9. Lycium legitimum Rauwolfij The true Box thorne of Syria The true Box thorne as Rauwolfius setteth it forth in the fourth Booke of his journall oâ— Itinerary is a small shrubbe having many shoots from the rootes set full of thornes and small leaves somewhat like unto Sloe leaves or betweene them and Box. 19. Lycium Indicum creditum Alpino The supposed Indian Box thorne This Box thorne supposed to be the right Lycium Indicum by Prosper Alpinus in his Booke of Egyptian plants shooteth from the rootes divers upright wooddy stemmes three or foure cubits high set thicke with joynts at every one whereof come forth both long and sharpe thornes and foure or five small long whitish greene leaves longer narrower and whiter then those of the Olive tree at the joynts likewise with the leaves stand two or three small whitish flowers very like unto those of the Orientall Iacinth which turne into small and blacke berries very like unto Wallwort berries of an astringent and bitter taste 11. Lycium Indicum putatum Garsia Garsias supposed Indian Box thorne Garcias ab Orta in his first booke and tenth Chapter of his Indian history of Drugges sheweth that the Indians Persians and other nations of Asia major use a certaine juice which they call Cate or Cato mixed with Betre and Aâ—â—reca as an usuall familiar junket continually to chew in their mouths which he thinketh to be Lycium having the properties of the true Lycium the juice thereof being drawen forth in the same manner that the ancients did shew the true Lycium was made but the tree as he describeth it doth much differ from that of Dioscorides for as Garcias saith his is a great tree as bigge as an Ash tree having fine small leaves thereon like unto Heath or Tamariske whereas Dioscorides saith that his Lycium is a shrubbe with leaves like Box full of thornes and alwayes abiding greene it beareth flowers but no fruit as the inhabitants reported unto him the roote of the tree is firme heavy and strong neyther subject to rottennesse exposed to the weather nor swimming in the water and thereupon called by
to come Cachrys also as Dioscorides sheweth in the Chapter of Libanotis is the seede of the fruite bearing Libanotis which burneth the tongue being chewed but Pliny being deceived by this double acception of the word confoundeth them both together and maketh them both but one thing saying lib. 16. c. 8. the Oke beareth Cachrys which is a small ball that hath the property of a cauteriall medicine but Theophrastus sheweth in the place before set downe that the Firre treee Larch Pitch Line Nut and Plane trees doe beare a Cachrys after the leaves are falne abiding on all the Winter There is growing on the Okes in Cilicia as Dioscorides saith in the 43. Chapter of his fourth Booke a Coccus or graine which the women there gather with their mouthes and is like unto small Cockles or Snailes 16. Coccuâ— altera this seemeth not the same which he in the same Chapter calleth Coccus Baphica and groweth on a small shrubbe c. as you shall understand hereafter but some learned Writers have taken them to be both one namely the Scarlet graine gathered from the lesser Holme Oke but surely Dioscorides meaneth another kind of graine which from the use in Dying was called Coccus and may peradventure be the same that Matthiolus saith he saw growing about the bodies of great Okes in Bohemia not farre from Poggibrot in a Hare Warren of the Emperours which was neglected there and lost but was carefully kept in Polonia where it groweth also or else that which Lobel speaketh of in the end of the Chapter of the Scarlet graine which he saith groweth in the middle of the leaves and on the bodies also sometimes of Okes which graine is bigger then the other and is round reddish or yellowish and which he also saith groweth on the Okes in the Woods by Bassill in Germany and in divers other places of Italy France and Germany There are sundry Mosses also growing on these Okes some sweete and some not whereof I have spoken already among the Mosses as also some Mushromes mentioned among the Mushromes 17. Muscâ— 18. Fungi whereof it is needelesse to speake further here but there groweth at the rootes of old Okes in the Spring time and sometimes also in the very heate of Summer a peculier kinde of Mushrome or Excressence called Vva quercina swelling out of the earth many growing one close unto another of the fashion of a grape and therefore tooke the name 19. Vva quercina The Oke grape and is of a purplish colour on the outside and white within like milke and in the end of Summer becommeth hard or Wooddy There is a certaine venemous Serpent called Drymus 20. Drymus taking his name from the place of his breeding and chiefe abiding which is the rootes of Okes. Theophrastus Dioscorides Galen Nicander and Aetius have all made mention of the wondrous venemous quality of this Worme or Serpent and of the cure of the poyson The worme named Rancae a raucedine forte breed in the rootes of Okes and so doe those called Galbae 21. Rancae 22. Galbae but especially on the Esculus or sweete Oke There is lastly found in our owne Land a browne kinde of Gumme growing on Okes which Master Edward Hassellwood found in Nottingamshire and sent some of it to me 23. Gummi There are also found growing upon Okes Misselto Pollipody Agaricke Mushromes of sundry formes and substances as Tonchwood c. And the two first figures expressed in the Table are of a differing forme from others 24. Fungi peculiares Manna also or a kinde thereof which we call in English a hony dew found more plentifully on the Oken leaves then on any other trees but because they are not peculier onely to the Okes but grow upon other trees also and that I have spoken of most of them in other places of this Worke I forbeare further to mention them here leaving the rest that have not yet beene entreated off to their fit places Their Place and Time are sufficiently expressed in their descriptions and so are their Names also saving that the Gall it selfe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Galla whereof one kinde fit fâ—r medicines is called Omphacitis both in Greeke and Latine not that it is an unripe Gall but that it hath more acerbity and stipticity in it then the greater and the yellower have the Oke Apple also is called of most Writers Pilula Quercus Galla viridis also and Mollis The Vertues The small Gall called Omphacitis is dry in the third degree and cold in the second as Galen saith and being a sowre harsh medicine is fit to draw together and fasten faint and loose parts as the overgrowing in the flesh it repelleth and dryeth up rheumes and such like fluxes by staying them effectually especially those that fall upon the gummes almonds of the throate and other places of the mouth the other whiter Gall doth also binde and dry but so much lesse then the former by how much it hath a lesser quality of sowre harshnesse in it and is good against the dissentery or bloody Flixe the decoction of them in water is of a meane astriction but in Wine is stronger and in harsh or red Wine stronger then it if women sit in or over this decoction being warme that are troubled with the falling downe of the mother it will helpe them the Galles themselves after the boyling being bruised and applyed to the fundament that is falne downe or that hath any hot swelling or inflammation doth wonderfully helpe them the coales of them when they are burned and quenched hot in Wine or Vinegar are good to be applyed to stanch bleedings in any place they also dye the haires blacke and with them is made our writing incke and the Dyers a blacke Dye as all know the Oke Apple is much of the nature of the Gall yet inferiour thereunto but may be used in the want of Galles for rheumes fluxes and such other like diseases and that to good purpose Matthiolus reciteth a tale of his Country Italians as Gerard doth of our Kentish men much to one purpose saving that Matthiolus hath it of Galles and Gerard of Oke Apples but both a like true as are a number of such prognosticating tales of Saint Pauls day and Saint Swithens day and the like which savour more of Paganisme then Christianity to drive us from the confidence of Gods providence to relye on such vaine and weake signes or speculations and yet maintained stiffely by a great many which is that in the Gall in the Oke Apple saith Gerard there breedeth three small creatures which will prognosticate the course of the succeeding yeare in every Country for the Gall or the Oke Apple doth grow I thinke in every Country if a Flye saith Matthiolus it presageth Warre if an Ant saith Gerard plenty of graine if a creeping Worme be found in the Gall saith Matthiolus it foretelleth scarsity of
his Mahaleb and the Chamaecerasus Syriaca of Gesner which is the true Mahaleb to be both one when as this fifth onely is the true kinde as the sweete smelling fruite doth plainely declare besides the diversity of the tree as is before declared The sixt came as a rarity from the Indies whereof no more can as yet be said The last is onely remembred by Gesner in hortis and by Lugdunensis who saith that Gesner sent a branch thereof to Dalechampius by the name of Chamaecerasus montis Generâ—si The Arabians call the Cherry Sarasie the Italians Ciregie the Spaniards Cerazas and Guindas the French Cerises and Guines the Germanes Kirsen and Kirschen the Dutch Kriken And we in English Cherry The Vertues Cherryes as they are of divers tastes so they are of divers qualities the sweete are more lubricke and passe through the stomacke and belly more speedily but are of little nourishment the tart or sowre are more pleasing to an hot stomacke and procure an appetite to meate and helpe to cut tough flegme and grosse humours but when these are dryed they are more binding the belly then being fresh and doe give a fine rellish to broths and drinkes wherein they are boyled being cooling in hot diseases and welcome to the stomacke and provoke urine The Gum of the Cherry tree dissolved in Wine is good for a cold cough and hoarsenesse of the throate helpeth to give one a better colour in the face sharpeneth the eye-sight stirreth up an appetite and helpeth to breake and expell the stoue the blacke Cherryes being bruised with the stones and distilled the water thereof is much used to breake the stone expell the gravell and breake the winde the true Mahaleb of Syria was mistaken by Serapio to be the Phyllyrea of Dioscorides when as the properties are much differing for Mahaleb doth heate and mollifie even by the testimony of Mesues and Rasis and as Avicen saith doth clense attenuate and resolve and ease paines The oyle drawne from the kernels doth much more ease the paines in the bowels and backe being annoynted then the kernels themselves which some use for the said purpose and for soundings and faintings to be taken with Mede or honyed water and doe helpe the chollicke and stone in the kidneyes kill the wormes in the belly and provoke urine also CHAP. LXXXIV Cornus The Cornell tree THe Cornell is divided into male and female the male is of two sorts one bearing red berryes like Cherries and another whitish the female hath no diversity 1. Cornus mas fructu rubro The male red Cornell tree The Cornell or Cornellian Cherry tree groweth to be a reasonable tall and great tree the body and branches are covered with a rugged barke and the younger smooth whereon grow smooth leaves and plaine not dented at all about the edges the flowers are many small yellow tufts as it were short threds set together which come forth before any leafe and so fall away likewise before the leaves appeare much open the fruite are somewhat long round berries of the bignesse of small Ollives with a small hard stone within them like unto an Ollive stone reddish when they are ripe somewhat like a Cherry of a reasonable pleasant taste Fructu magis rubro humâ—la somewhat austere withall the wood is hard like an horne and groweth slowly Of this kinde Clusius maketh another sort with redderberries little differing in any thing else and another that groweth low but yet hath beene observed upon the transplanting to grow much greater 2 Cornus mas fructu albo The white male Cornell tree This other Cornell differeth not from the first in any other more notable matter then in the fruit which becommeth not so red but whitish when it is ripe 3. Cornus faemina The Dogge berry or Gatten tree This never riseth to be a tree of any bulke or body with us but Clusius saith that he saw in the Woods of Austria as bigge trees hereof as of the male and Bellonius saith the same lib. 1. c. 56 but usually abideth as an hedge bush with many pithy strong twiggy stemmes rising from the roote of a brownish colour and the sprigges more reddish with a pith within them like unto Elder having leaves thereon somewhat like the former but a little shorter and broader standing upon reddish footestalke and the middle rib reddish likewise the flowers are white and stand at the end of the branches many growing together in a tuft or umbell upon reddish footestalkes which turne into small berries green at the first and shining blacke when they are ripe of a most unpleasant bitter taste provoking casting The Place and Time The first is found wild in many places of Germany and the other sorts hereof also but the second is more 1 Cornus mas fructu rubro The male red Cornell tree 3. Cornus faemina The Dogge berry or Gatter tree rare the last groweth in every Country of the Land serving for a hedge bush the first flowreth very earely as is before said in March and sometimes in February the fruite is ripe in August The last flowreth not untill May and the fruite ripeneth not untill September be well over The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cornus and mas to distinguish it from the other which is called by Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cornus faemina There is much doubt and question among many of our later Writers about this female Cornell for of the male there is no doubt all calling it Cornus mas or sativa whether it should be the Virga Sanguinea of Pliny or the Hartriegell or Tragus or his Faulbaum some referring it to the one some to the other but the generall tenet of the most is that in most things it answereth both to the Thelycrania of Theophrastus and may well enough agree with the Virga sanguinea of Pliny Cordus calleth it Pseudocrania quasâ— falsa Cornus and Dodonaeus besides that he calleth it Cornus faemina taketh it to be the Opulus Columellae Bellonius saith in the 56. Chapter of his first Booke of Observations that he found that shrub which the French in imitation of the Latines call des Sanguins and the auncient Greeke Cornus faemina betweene Philoppos and Bucephala to be little inferiour unto our greatest male Cornellian trees thereby esteeming them to be both one The Italians as Matthiolus saith call it Sanguineo and Sanguinello but whether it be Tragus Hartriegel we are not well assured for he saith that the wood thereof is so hard that it can very hardly be bored and therefore serveth for many Country instruments and long lasting for the hardnesse which we can not say so of this we for the most part call it the Dogge berry tree because the berries are not fit to be eaten or to be given to a dogge I heare they call this in the North parts of the Land the Gatter tree and the berries Gatter berries yet some
broad above and small at the bottome parted to the bottome into five very thinne leaves with a stiffe reddish middle pointell compassed with five or sixe yellow threds which is thrust of by the fruite rising under it and growing to bee a small round head or ball covered with a hard skinne which opening when it is ripe sheweth forth a lumpe of pure white wooll having divers small blackish seede of the bignesse of Pepper cornes but not so round lying dispersedly through the lumpe and singly but one in a place with a sweet whitish kernell within them the roote disperseth under ground and abideth not perishing nor losing the branches as the next doth 2. Gossipium frutescons annum The bush of lumpe Cotton This Cotton is yearely sowne even in the warmest Countryes of Asia minor and within foure monethes or little more is gathered againe from the sowing shooting an upright stemme nothing so wooddy or great as the former but brancheth forth divers wayes set with large and broad soft leaves like the former and parted alike the flowers also stand in the like manner and yellow with purple bottomes with huskes of fine leaves under them after which commeth the fruite like it but set in a shorter smaller thicker and harder rough blackish huske parted into three cells with whitish hard shining skinny or wooddy partitions on the inside containing each of them a round ball of fine white Cotton with a lumpe or bunch of greater blacke seedes by the halfe in the middle sticking close together in two rowes with white sweete kernells within them The roote as I said is annuall and perishing as soone as it hath perfected the seede 3. Gossipium Indicum spinosum Thorny Indian Cotton This kinde of Cotton hath a stemme about three cubits high set with small prickes and having many faire broad leaves set thereon upon long footestalkes divided into seven parts somewhat like those of Stravisacre the flowers are like to Bell flowers with five corners the Cotton is very fine and the seedes are somewhat like the Thorny Mallow 4. Gossipium Iavanense longifolum The long leafed Cotton of Iava This as Clusius relateth it from Franciscus Râ—â—origues native of Beugala groweth on a great high tree with many farre spread armes and boughes and stored with long and narrow leaves neerer resembling Rosemary then Willow leaves but that they are much longer whose fruite was like a long pod of sixe inches long and five in compasse growing great from the stalke upwards opening and ending in five pointed parts whose skinny barke was of an ash colour and rugged but full of most pure white soft wooll and divers blacke round seedes within not involved with the Cotton like the rest but growing by themselves upon fine long wooddy partitions extended all the length of the cod the wooll or Cotton was shorter then of the other and not fit to be spunne into thred to make cloath for the Natives use it not to that purpose but put it to another use namely to staffe cushions and the like being softer then any wooll cotton or feathers The Place and Time The first groweth not naturally in all the lesser Asia but as Alpinus and Bellonius and others say in the greater Asia and India and Brassill also and America and brought into Egipt and other Christian Countries but as a rarity The second hath for many yeares beene planted in the severall Countries of Asia minor Phrigia Cilicia and other the parts thereabouts and in Apulia also and in many of the Isles in the Mediterranean Sea and sowne not untill the end of Aprill and gathered againe in the end of August or in September the third came out of India likewise and the last from about Bantam in Iava the former sort ripening the fruite somewhat more early then the other The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so likewise in Latine Xylum and Gossipium and of Serapio Coto and Bombax as it is so also called in the Apothecaries shoppes Some doe thinke and that not without good ground of reason that the Byssus of the Auncients is this first Cotton from whence was made the Byssina tela the fine white Callico cloath that commeth out of the East Indies All Authours call them in generall Xylum or Gossipium and the first Gossipium arboreum by Alpinus and by the Egiptians as he saith Gotne â—â—segiar it is more likely that Bellonius meant this tree by his Arbor lanifera then that of Clusius in his Exotickes brought out of Iava and fittest for cushions and Gossipium perenne arboreum sive Asiaticum and Brasilianum by others The second is called Gossipium herba to distinguish it from the former Bauhinus calleth it Gossipium frutescens semine albo for sure he can meane no other sort citing those Authours that he doth who all I think say it is black The third is extant only in Pona his Italian Baldus by the name of Bombage Indiano that is Gossipium Indicum Bauhinus calleth it Gossipium arboreum caule spinoso and saith the seede is in lumpes like the ordinary sort when as Pona himselfe saith it is like the seede of Subdarifa that is the thorny Mallow and pictureth the seede like thereunto at the side of the figure and is not like the lumpe sort The last Clusius mentioneth in the foureteenth Chapter of his first Booke of Exotickes calling it Arbor lanifera peregrina Bauhinus that he might say somewhat referreth it to the Cylae of Oviedus and questioneth whether it be not Bellonius his Lanigera arbor calling it himselfe Gossipium Iavanense salicis folio The Arabian Serapio as you heard calleth it Coto and Bombax and others Algodon as the Spaniards doe the Italians Bombagia the French Cotone the Germans Baumwool the Dutch and we Cotton and Cotton wooll The Vertues The kernells of the seedes is used to lenefie the hoarsenesse of the throate and to helpe those that are shortwinded to open the passages and for those that have sharpe distillations on their lungs and for coughes to make the flegme the easier to be expectorated and encreaseth sperme also it is used also in gripings and gnawings of the stomacke yea though they come by poyson and are good also in all hot agues the Cotton it selfe is hot and dry and being burned stancheth bleedings in wounds wonderfully the oyle drawne out of the seed doth smooth the skin and taketh away spots and blemishes therein CHAP. CIII Arbor Iudae Iudas tree OF the Iudas tree there hath beene observed Arbor Iudae Iudas tree two sorts one with crimson and the other with white flowers 1. Arbor Iudae flore purpureo Iudas tree with crimson flowers This Iudas tree riseth up sometimes to be high and of a good size and sometimes to be but as an hedge bush spreading armes and branches covered with a blackish red barke the leaves that come forth upon the young reddish branches one at a
The branched and small Coker nut ibid. Colewort and the sorts 268 Sea Cole or Colewort that is Soldanella 168 Sea Colewort 270. Colofonye 1542 Columbines and of Virginia 1367 Coloquintida or the bitter Gourd 160 Coltsfoote 1220 Great and strange Coltsfoote 1221 Mountaine Coltsfoote 1373 Comfry and the sorts 523 Spotted Comfrey is Cowslips of Ierusalem Great Consound 539. Middle Consound or Bugle 524 The small Consound or daisie 531 Golden Consound 543. Gerards Consound 852 The Germane Confound 539 Sarasens Consound ibid. The Convall Lilly in my former booke Coniza that is Fleabans Mullet 125 The Indian Corall tree 1551. Indian Corrall Beades 1071 Corrall wort or Dentaria 619. Sea Corrall of sundâ—y sorts 1299 Corraline or sea Mosse 1295. Shrubbe Coralline 1296 The Corke tree 1397. The Corke Oake 1399 Corke or Archall 1315. Coriander 918 Indian Coriander like seede for an ague 1622. Yellow Corne flower is Corne Marigold Corne and the sorts thereof 1119. Corneflowres or Bottles 481 Corne Violet Gilloflower or Pinke that is Venus looking glasse 1332 Corne grasse 1143. Corne Poppy or Rose 367 Cornell sallet or Lambs Lettice 122 The male Cornell and femall â—520 Costus of divers sorts 1582 Costmary 78. The Costive tree and another Costive tree â—663 Cottengrasse 1222. Cotten tree 1552. Cottenweede or Cudweede 685 Mountaine Cotten weede or Cudweede 684 The Indian Couhage or the stinking beane 1056 Indian Spanish Counterpoison 422.1680 Mombazas Counterpoyson 1621. Garden Cowcumbers 772 Wilde Cowcumbers 161 Cowslips and their sorts 534 French Cowslippes Mountaine Cowslips or Beares eares 537 Cowslips of Ierusalem or Sage of Ierusalem in my former booke Couchgrasse or Quichgrasse 1173 Coventry bells 646. Crabbe grasse that is Glassewort 281 The Crabbe or Wilding tree 1502 Crabbes claw or fresh water souldier 1249 Cray fish rootes or Doronicum 320 Cranes bills and the sundry sorts thereof 703. c. Garden Cresses 824 Warte Cresses 593 Sciatica Cresses 853. Indian Cresses 1379 Water Cresses 1236. Wilde Cresses 829. Winter Cresses 819 Swines Cresses 593. Crosse flower or Gange flower 1333 Crossewort or golden Crossewort 566 The Friere Crowne Thistle 978 Crow flowers or wild Williams in my former booke Crowfeete and the severall sorts thereof from 324 to 343 Marsh Crowfoote 1214. Water Crowfoote 1216 Crow Garlike or wilde Garlike 870. Cubbes 1583 Cuckowflowers or Ladies smockes 825 Cuckowes meate or Sorrell is Wood Sorrell 746 Cuckowpintle or Arum and the sorts 372 Cudweede or Cotten weede 685 Cullions or Dogges stones 1345 Sweete Cullions or Orchis 1354. Cull me to you or Pansies 756 Culrage or Arsmart 858. Cumberland Hawthorne 1026 Cumin and the sorts 887. Wild Cumin 371 Currans and the Corinth vine and grapes 1516 Red white and blacke Currans 1561 The Cypresse tree and of America 1476 Garden Cypresse or Lavender Cotten 97 Field Cypresse or ground Pine 84 Cypresse Mosse 1309. Sea Cipresse 1301 The long round and sweete Cypresse and the sorts 145 Sweete edible Cyprus or Rush nut 1406 Bastard or unsavory Cypresse 1263.1265 Cypresse grasse and the many sorts 1171 Indian round sweete Cypresse 1619 D. BLew Daisyes 529. Great Daisye 528 Small or wilde daisye 531. Yellow Daisyes 530 Day Lilly in my former book Dalmatian cap or Tulipa 1341 Dames violets and Damaske violets 628 Dandelion 780. Danewort 1208. Darnell 1144. Darnell grasse 1144 The Date tree 1540. The drunken or Wine Date tree 1597 The Dwarfe Date tree or Palmite 1540 Daoke or wilde Charrot 896. The Deale or Firre tree 1539 Deaw grasse 1178. Diers weede or greene weede 229 Yellow Diers weede or Welld or Wold 602 Dill. 886. Wild Dill. ibid. Dittander 18.855 French Dittander or Scarrewort 855 Bastard Dittany 27. Dittany of Candy ibid. False sweete Dittany 416. Devills bit 591 Devills durt is Assafetida 1569 Garden Docke is Patience or Monckes Rubarbe 1508 Docke of China or true Rubarbe 158 Water Docke 1226. Wild Docke and the sorts 1224 Dodder of Time 9. Dodder of other herbs 10 Dogges grasse or Couch grasse 1273. Dogge berry tree 1520 Sea Dogges grasse 1276. Dogges bane 384 Dogges Cole or Mercury 295. Dogges Cherryes is upright Woodbind Dogges Rose or wild Bryer bush 1017. Dogges stones 1343 Dogges or Hounds tongue 515. Doggewaod tree is the Dogge berry tree 1521. Dogges tooth Violet in my former booke Dorias his wound wort 540 The supposed venemous plant Dorycnium 360 Doves foote or Cranes Bill and the sundry sorts 706 Double leafe or Twayblade 504. Double tongue or Horse tongue 702 Downe or Cotten Thistle 979. Garden Dragons 859 The Dragon flower 608. The Dragon tree and the Gum or blood 1531 Water Dragons 1243. Wilde Dragon or Tarragon 71 Dravicke or Drake is wilde Oates 1149 The Indian Dreamer 1624. Droppewort 434.893 Winter Dropwort 1230. Ducks meate 1262 The male and female Dugge tree 1649 Dwale or deadly Nightshade 347 E. INdian Earthnut 1619 Earthnuts 1062. Earth Chesnuts 892 Sweete Bryer or Eglantine 1017 Elder and the sorts 207. c. Marsh Elder 208 Rose Elder or Gelder Rose 208 Dwarfe Elder ibid. Elecampane 654 Elme and the sorts 1403. Witch Elme ibid. Ellebor or Bares foote 211 Endive 774. Seacurled Endive 1294 Eringus or Sea Holly 985 Life Everlasting 685. Euphorbium 223 Eiebright and the sorts 1328 F. THree Faces in a hood is Pansies 756 The red sea Fanne 1295. Fearnes 1036 Feaberries 1561 The male Fearne 1036. The prickly male Fearne ibid. The female Fearne 1037. Oake Fearne and Wall Fearne 104 Creeping Oake Fearne 1041. White Oake Fearne ibid. Mosse Fearne 1041. Foxe Fearne 1043 Estridges Fearne ibid. Small or stone Fearne ibid. Curld stone Fearne 1044. Berry bearing Fearne of America ibi Rocke Fearne ibid. Naked stone Fearne ibid. Small curled stone Fearne 1686 Finger Fearne 1047. Mulkes Fearne ibid. The Barbary Feather 1297 The Peacockes Feather 1294. The silver Feather 1291 Featherfew or Feaverfew 83. Sea Featherfew 1282 The Princes Feather 741. Feather grasse 1271 Fellwort is Gentian 401. Felonwort is tree Nightshade 350 Hollow leafed Fellwort is the hollow leafed Sopewort 641 Bastard or Autumne Fellwort 406. Fennell 884 The Fennell tree or Molle of Clusius 1524 Fennell giant and the sorts 875 Sow Fennell or Hogges Fennell 880 Scorching Fennell or Thapsia 877 Water Fennell or Yarrow 1259 Fenberries or Marsh Whorts 1229 Fennell flower is Nigella 1375 Fenny or Marsh stones or handed Orchis 1359 Fenugrecke 1096. Fetchling vide Fitchling Figge tree 1493. Figgetree of Cyprus 1492 The Prickly Indian Figge tree 1497 The arched Indian Figgetree 1499 East Indian Figge tree or Pharaohs Figge tree or the Indian Cluster Figge tree that is Musa 1495 The Figge beane or Lupine 1053 Figge wort 609 The Figge of Hell 367 The Filber tree 1416. Filipendula 434 The Firre tree 1539. The Sea Firre 1301 Fisticke nuts 1416. Fitchling 1082 Bitter Fitch or Orobus vide Orobus Wilde Fitch or Vetch Vide Vetch Five leafed or five fingerd grasse and the sorts 395 Corne Flagge Sweete smelling Flagge or Acorus 139 Wilde Flagge or yellow water Flagge 1219 Garden and