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A67225
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The description and uses of the general horological-ring: or universal ring-dyal Being the invention of the late reverend Mr. W. Oughtred, as it is usually made of a portable pocket size. With a large and correct table of the latitudes of the principal places in every shire throughout England and Wales, &c. And several ways to find a meridian-line for the setting a horizontal dyal. By Henry Wynne, maker of mathematical instruments near the Sugar-loaf in Chancery-lane.
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Wynn, Henry, d. 1709.
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1682
(1682)
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Wing W3778B; ESTC R221060
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10,231
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45
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length of the day and night being added together will make 24 the hours contained in a natural day USE VI. To find what days and Nights throughout the year are Equal The Rule THe Days on one side the slit are equal to the days on the other Example Slide the Cursor to March the 10 and the day equal to it will be found on the other side Sept. the 13 So equal to April the 8 is August the 14. And the day equal to the 20 of October is February the Second Now these days are said to be equal each to the other in these respects 1. in respect of the Suns Declination it being on both the same 2. Of the Suns Altitude for what Altitude the Sun has on any hour on one the same will be its Altitude on the same hour on the other 3. The Time of the Suns Rising and Setting is on both the same 4. They are equal in length both of Day and Night A Table shewing the Latitudes of most of the Principal Places in every Shire throughout England and Wales Shires Places Names d. m. Anglesey Beaumaris 53 27 Holy-head 53 33 Berkshire Abington 51 42 Newbery 51 25 Reading 51 28 Bedfordshire Bedford 52 09 Dunstable 51 53 Brecknockshire Bealt 52 12 Brecknock 52 04 Buckinghamshire Alesbury 51 45 Buckingham 52 00 Cambridgâ—hire Cambridge 52 06 Ely 52 30 Cardiganshire Aberistwith 52 35 Cardigan 52 20 Carmarthenshire Carmarthen 51 58 Kidwelley 51 50 Carnarvonshire Arberconway 53 30 Bangor 53 21 Carnarvon 53 18 Cheshire Chester 53 15 Nantwich 53 03 Clamorganshire Cardiff 51 30 Landaff 51 34 Cornwall Fallmouth 50 20 The Lizard 50 10 Truro 50 25 Cumberland Carlisle 55 00 Cockermouth 54 45 Derbyshire Chesterfield 53 20 Derby 53 00 Denbighshire Denbigh 53 18 Ruthyn 53 12 Devonshire Dartmouth 50 20 Exeter 50 41 Plymouth 50 30 Dorset shire Dorchester 50 40 Shaftsbury 50 58 Weymouth 50 32 Durham Aukland 54 45 Durham 54 50 Essex Colchester 52 00 Harwich 52 05 Flintshire St. Asaph 53 25 Flint 53 20 Gloucestershire Gloucester 51 56 Tewxbury 52 15 Hampshire Portsmouth 50 45 Southampton 50 54 Winchester 51 03 Hertfordshire Hertford 51 50 Ware 51 48 Herefordshire Hereford 52 12 Lemster 52 24 Huntingtonshire Huntington 52 15 St. Ives 52 20 Isles of Gernsey 49 38 Jersey 49 28 Man Douglas 54 25 Wight Newport 50 45 Kent Canterbury 51 15 Dover 51 25 Rochester 51 30 Lancashire Lancaster 54 15 Manchester 53 39 Preston 53 55 Leicestershire Harborough 52 33 Leicester 52 40 Lincolnshire Boston 53 16 Lincoln 53 16 Stamford 52 48 Merionethshire Bala 52 57 Harlech 53 00 Middlesex LONDON 51 32 Stanes 51 30 Uxbridge 51 35 Monmouthshire Chepstow 51 42 Monmouth 51 54 Montgomery 52 40 Montgomeryshire Montgomery 52 40 Welchpool 52 50 Norfolk Linn 52 52 Norwich 52 44 Yarmouth 52 40 Northamptonshire Northampton 52 15 Peterborough 52 38 Northumberland Barwick 55 50 Newcastle 55 03 Nottinghamshire Nottingham 53 00 Workensope 53 25 Oxfordshire Banbury 51 57 Oxford 51 45 Pembrookshire St. Davids 52 00 Pembrook 51 48 Radnorshire Prestein 52 30 Radnor 52 25 Rutland Okeham 52 43 Uppingham 52 38 Shropshire Ludlow 52 28 Shrewsbury 52 48 Somersetshire Bath 51 20 Bristoll 51 30 Staffordshire Lichfield 52 48 Stafford 52 52 Suffolk St. Edm. Bury 52 22 Ipswich 52 20 Surrey Guilford 51 14 Suffex Chichester 50 49 Lewis 50 46 Warwickshire Coventry 52 32 Warwick 52 28 Westmoreland Apleby 54 40 Kendal 54 24 Wiltshire Marlborough 51 25 Malmsbury 51 35 Salisbury 51 04 Worcestershire Kidderminster 52 28 Worcester 52 15 Yorkshire Bridlington 54 50 Doncaster 53 38 Hull 53 48 Leeds 53 50 York 54 00 The Latitudes of the most Eminent places in Scotland Places names d. m. Aberdeen 57 06 St. Andrews 56 24 Barwick 55 50 Dunblain 56 20 Dunbriton 56 10 Dunbar 56 03 Dundee 56 31 Dunfrees 55 03 Edenburgh 56 04 Fair-head 58 43 Glascow 56 05 Irwin 55 50 Isles of Orkney 58 50 Kaithness 57 48 Larnack 55 51 Montross 56 44 Nairn 57 30 Perth or St. Johns Town 56 32 Sterlin 56 15 Withern 54 57 The Latitudes of the most Eminent places in Ireland Places names d. m. Armagh 54 23 Athloon 53 21 Bantry 51 30 Belfast 54 41 Cashell 52 24 Casherlash 52 46 Clare 52 44 Corke 51 43 Craven 54 01 Droughdagh 53 44 Dublin 53 20 Dundalk 54 02 Dungarvan 51 57 Dunnagall 54 40 Galloway 53 12 James Town 53 53 Kildare 53 08 Kilkenny 52 34 Kingsail 51 30 Knockfergus 54 50 Limrick 52 33 Londonderry 55 04 Longford 53 42 Slego 54 17 Waterford 52 09 Wexford 52 17 How to place an Horizontal Dyal upon a levell Plane and to find the Meridian several wayes 1. PRepare a smooth board or Stone and place it truly Horizontal or levell which may be done with such an Instrument as the Artificers call a Plumb-Rule or otherwise then find the hour of the day by such an Instrument as is before described or by some other as true or having a good Watch go to some Sun-Dyal that you know to go true and set the Watch by it afterwards turn the Dial which you are to place about untill it shews the same hour with your Instrument or Watch and there fasten it 2. Or having prepared your plain as before near the middle of it set up a wire which shall stand exactly perpendicular or upright and the Sun Shining clear observe a little before Noon when the shadow of the wire is at the shortest and there make a point and through that point and the center where the wire stood draw a line upon which place the 12 a Clock line of your Dyal and fix it 3. And which is better near the middle of your Plain choose a point as a center and thereon describe a Circle of a convenient bigness and erect a wire at Right Angles to your plain as before then observe in the forenoon when the shadow of the top of the Pin just toucheth the Circle and there make a mark and again in the Afternoon watch when the shadow of the top of the Pin just toucheth the Circle and there make another Mark then with a pair of Compasses divide the space between those two Markes into two equal parts and there make a third Mark through this last point and the center of the Circle where the wire stood draw a line and it shall be a true Meridian-line This last conclusion may be done with more ease if there be several Circles described one within another on the same center also then you may make several observations for the doing it with more certainty 4. The Meridian may be found by the help of a good magnetical needle well made and fitted to a square Box if in the useing of it there be an allowance made for the Variation the use of which is so plain even to those that have but seen them that I think it needless here to treat of I shall set down only two ways more which will require more knowledge in the Mathematicks than any of the Former and so conclude The first is in Dary's Misscellanies page 22 thus 1. Let a piece of Mettal or Wood be made a true Plain then in some convenient point thereof taken as a Center erect a Gnomon of sufficient length at right angles to the plain this done fix the Plain truly Horizontal secondly if you take the Suns Co-altitude that is his distance from the Zenith 3 several times in one day and according to the Stereographick Projection having a line of Tangents by you set off from the center of your plain or foot of the Gnomon the Tangent of half each arch upon his respective Azimuth or Shadow continued if need be made by the Gnomon at that Instant when the Co-altitude is taken so shall you insert three points upon the plain Thirdly if you find out the Center to those 3 inserted points then a right line infinitely extended by this Center found and the foot of the Gnomon or the Center of the plain is the true Meridian line 2. The other way is by the help of the Suns Azimuth and it is hinted in most Books of Dyalling thus 1. Your plain being prepared as before hold up a string and Plummet so that the shadow of the string may fall a cross an assigned point in the plain and in the same line of shadow make another point at a convenient distance from the first then through these two points draw a right line secondly at the same instant get the Suns Azimuth or Horizontal distance from the south part of the Meridian and having a line of chords by you set off the angle of the Azimuth from the assigned point either on the west side of the line drawn if your observation be made in the Morning or on the east side if your observation be in the Afternoon and draw the line Thirdly this last line so drawn shall be in the true Meridian FINIS ERRATA PAge 4 line 9 read subivided and numbered Page 8 line 15 dele the. Page 13 and 14 read Complement Page 17 line 14 read Heavens Page 19 line 14 read length All sorts of Mathematical Books are sold and Instruments made relating to Arithmetick Trigonometry Surveying Stereometry Gauging Astronomy Geography Navigation Opticks Dyalling Geometry Architecture Fortification Gunnery Mechanicks c. At reasonable rates By Henry Wynne near the Sugar-loaf in Chancery-Lane
have one and the same Latitude 10. Colatitude The Compliment of the Latitude is the number of degrees contained between the Zenith and the Pole which is also the same with the distance between the Aequinoctial and the Horizon or it is so much as the Latitude wants of 90 Deg. for subtract the Latitude from 90 the remainder is the Colatitude USE III. By knowing the Suns Declination and Meridian Altitude to find the Latitude The Rule If the Suns declination be North subtract it from the Meridian Altitude and the remainder is the Colatitude but if the Suns Declination be South add it to the Meridian Altitude and the Sum shall be the Colatitude which subtracted again from 90 Deg. the remainder is the Latitude Example 1. March the 10. the Sun hath no Declination and I find the Meridian Altitude at London to be 38 deg 28 min. therefore 38 deg 28 min. subtracted from 90 deg the remainder is 51 d. 32 m. the Latitude of London and by this we see when the Sun is in the Aequinoctial its Meridian Altitude is equal to the Compliment of the Latitude Example 2. April the 8. the Suns declination is 11 deg North and its Meridian Altitude 49 deg 28 m. now subtract 11 deg from 49. 28. there rests 38 deg 28 min. which subtracted again from 90 there rests 51 deg 32. min. the Latitude required Example 3. October the 20. the Suns Declination is 14 d. South and the Meridian Altitude is 24 d. 28 m. then add 14 d. to 24 d. 28 m. the sum is 38 d. 28 m. which subtracted from 90 d. there rests 51 d. 32 m. as before Example 4. Thus if the declination were 23 d. 30. m. North and the Meridian Altitude 65 d. 10 m. the Latitude would be found to be 48 d. 20. m. Example 5. Let the Declination be 12 d. 15 m. South and the Meridian Altitude 39 d. 40 m. the Lat. would be 38d 5 m. Note that these Rules hold good only for finding the Latitudes of such places as ly to the North of the Aequinoctial for South Lat. the contrary are true for there if the declination be North you must add it as you do now when it is South and if the Suns Declination be South you must subtract it as you do here when it is North. And least it be thought troublesome to find the Lat. there is added at the end of this Book a Table of the Latitudes of the principal Places in England Scotland and Ireland So that being near any of those places you may make use of the Lat. of that place for 10 or 20 miles in this case will make a very insensible or no Alteration USE IV. To find the Hour of the day NOte that although the Equinoctial fold up within the Meridian to render the instrument the more portable yet when you would find the hour the Aequinoctial must be drawn forth according to fig. III. and 't is a little Ray or speck of light that coming through the hole of the Cursor of the Axis falleth upon the line in the middle of the Aequinoctial and sheweth the hour The Rule First the Latitude being got by the foregoing Rules or by the Table at the end of this book slide the division on the Cursor of the Meridian to it either in the North or South Quadrants according as the place is situated Secondly slide the Cursor of the Axis to the day of the month Thirdly open the Equinox as far as 't will go which is just to cross the Meridian then guess as near as you can at the hour and turn the Axis towards the hour you guess that the Sun may the better shine through the hole and holding the Instrument by the little ring so that it may hang freely move it gently this way and that till the Sun shining through the hole you can discern a little Ray or speck of light to fall upon the Aequinoctial within side among the hours and parts now the point in the middle line whereon the Ray falleth is the true hour A little practice will make it very easie Fi. III. representeth the Dyal as it is when you would find the hour where the Cursor Z is set to the Lat. of London 51 32. the Cursor of the Axis is set to the day being April the 8 and the Aequinox is drawn open to cross the Meridian Now when the Dyal is thus set and shews the true hour the Meridian of it hangeth directly North and South according to that imagined in the Hea ens the point N P represents the North Pole S P Represents the South the Cursor Z Represents the Zenith and its oposite point N represents the Nadir the Axis lyeth according to that of the World passing from Pole to Pole the points of VI and VI in the Aequinoctially directly East and West and the middle line within lyeth according to the true Aequinoctial in the Heavens USE V. To find the Suns Rising and Setting NOte this line of Rising and setting is particularly for the Latitude of London or any other place situated directly East or West from it but it may indifferently serve the whole Kingdom Note also that the great figures stand for the Rising and the other for the setting The Rule Slide the Cursor of the Axis to the day of the Month then turn the other side and the division crossing the hole shews the Suns Rising and Setting in the line R. Example 1. I slide the Cursor to March the 10 and on the other side it shews VI. and 6 for then the Sun rises at 6 and sets at 6. Example 2. April the 8 I set the Cursor to the day and on the other side it shews V. and 7 which is 5 for the Suns Rising and 7 for its Setting Example 3. October the 20 the Cursor being set to the day on the other side it will shew the Rising to be at a quarter after VII and the Setting three quarters after 4. Now having found the Suns Rising and Setting you may likewife from thence find the length of the day and night for double the time of the Suns Rising and you have the length of the Night and double the time of its setting gives you the length of the Day as will appear by the three following Examples Example 1. March the 10 the Sun rises at 6 and sets at 6 now twice 6 is twelve for the length both of day and night Example 2. April the 8 the Sun rises at 5 and sets at 7 now twice 5 is 10 the length of the Night and twice 7 is 14 the length of the day Example 3. October the 20 The Sun rises at a quarter after 7 and sets at 3 quarters after 4 now twice 7 and a quarter is 14 and a half for the length of the Night and twice 4 and 3 quarters is 9 and an half for the lenghth of the day in all which Examples it appears that both the sums of the