col 2. lin 10. for charges read Churches pa. 729. c. 1. li. 25. for arras read Artois page 733. col 2. line 15. for two s. of siluer read two s of siluer by the day pa. 761. col 2. l 52. for these read thence page 768. col 1. line 19. for Monthenisey read Montechensie pag. 770. col 2. li. 58. for to make against them read to make warre against theÌ„ pag. 773. co 1 li. 43. for Richard South well read Robert Southwell page 781 col 1. line 50. for the prince read that prince page 786 col 2. in the mergent ouer against the .27 line for Mountfort read Leycester Pag. 788. col 2. in the mergent ouer against the .42 line for Yorke reade Canterburie Pa 789. co 1. lin 2â—… and made knight put it out Page 790. col 2. line 31. the said Lord put out sayd Pa. 796. co 1. â—â— y e mergent ouer against the 24. line for Bristow faire reade Boston faire Pa. 808. c. 1. l 27. he there put out there Ead. col 1. line 36. for ceasse read seise Ea. c. 2. l. 9. for Turnim read Turmin Eadem col 2. line 15. for all read that Ead. col 2. line 33. for and other reade and the other Pa. 823. c. 1. in the mergeÌ„t oueragainst y e. 20. l. for K. Iohn read K. Edward Page 840. col 1. line 52. for contemptu read comitatu The same page and columne line 58. for mercariis read mercatis Pa. 843. c. 1. l. 5. for HeÌ„ry read HuÌ„frey Page 844. col 1. line 5. for accused read accursed Pa. 845 col 1. line 24. for might come read might not come Pa. 847. c. 2. li. 15. for lord chamberlain of the realme read Lord Chamberlaine of his house Pa. 858. c. 1. l. 14. for high chamberlein of Englande read high chamberleyn of the kings house P. 873. c. 1. li. 28. for HeÌ„ry read Herny Page 891. col 1. line 20. for Earle of Marche read Earle Marshall Page 895. co 2. li. 15. for Gleanor read Elizabeth P. 897. c. 2. l. 8. for scepter read charter Ead. col 1. lin 11. for kings read king Page 905. col 2. line 2. for Bethon read Bethuine Page 909. col 1. line 5. for Peter adde thereto or rather as some bookes haue Nichol Bahuchet Page 912. co 2. line 50. for the towne read the tower Page 917. for Countesse of Richmond read of MoÌ„tfort for as I take it she was not countesse til after that time Page 923. col 1. line 1. and so the diametre or compasse read thus and so the diametre that is the space ouerthwart the circle or compasse The same page col 2. line 58. for Henrie duke of Lancaster reade Henrie Earle of Lancaster for he was not created duke till the .27 yeare of king Edwarde the thirdes raigne as appeareth Page 937. col 2. line first for Earle of Norffolke read Earles of Norffolk and warwike for so hath one copie of Robert Auesbury although as I take it there was no Earle of Norffolke at that season Page 962. col 1 line 48. for Richmont read Montfort Page 967. col 2. line 13. and 14. for steward of England read stewarde of the kings house P. 969. co 1. li. 31. to the sea put out to Page 990. in the mergent for sir Simon Minsterworth read sir Iohn Minsterworth Page 1004. col 1. li 56. for Bond read Baude Pa. 1006. co 1. line 10. for benedicat de read benedicat to p. 1010. c. 1. l. 33. for abroad read abourd Pag. 1012. col 2. line 27. for partakers read partaker Pa. 1049. c. 2. line 1 for Hartelle read Hartecelle for so hath Froissart Pa. 1051. col 2. li. 11. for yoi read yuo Ea. co 2. li. 47. for Deberoux read Deueroux Pa. 1073. c. 2. li. 28. for erle read erles Ea. c. 2. li. 2. for returned read reformed Pag. 1097. co 2. lin 29. and .30 for earle of Marshal the duke read erle marshall duke Page 1098. col 1. lin 30. for Edmonde read Edward Pa. 1108. col 2. lin 55. Holt castell put in the mergent I take it not to bee Holt castell but rather Beeston as by the circumstances of the situation it should appeare Page 1110. col 2. line 10. for comming read communing Pa. 1117. col 1. li. 8. for his read theirs Page 1124. col 1. line 58. for following in this wise read in this wise following p. 1138. c. 2. l. 13. for Brone read Brone Page 1139. col 2. line 24. for sir Blunt read sir walter Blunt Page 1147. col 2. line 1. for townes read as of the townes Page 1150. col 1. line 17. for he should read they should Page 1153. col 1. line first vnder the picture for his kings read this kings Page 1156. col 2. li. 32. for Augus read Angus and so in other places where ye finde the u for the n. Page 1158. col 1. line 17. for casteau Chinou read chasteau Chinon Page 1174. co 2. li. 31. for nor read or Page 1180. co 2. line 27. for diuine persecution read permission Page 1187. col 2. line 13. for Kirkeley read Kikeley or Kighley Pa. 1205. c. 2. l. 27. for xl M. read lx M Page 1212. co 2 line 26. for which was read which were Page 1214. col 1. line 37 and 38. for la Marche read le Marche Page 1218. co 1. line 30. for 38. read 36 Page 1236. col 1. line 48. At the same time put out the period before at and make it a comma and the capitall A would be a small a. Page 1249. col 2. li. 18. for Motaigne read Mortaigne Page 12â—…4 col 2. line 1. for this indubitate read the indubitate The same page and columne lin 30. for Neures read Neuers Page 1262. col 2. liue 56. sent the Lord Fauconbridge read sent the Lorde Talbot with the L. Fauconbridge Page 1265 col 1 line 24. for Captain rede Captaines The same page col 2 liue 14 for taking rede takeÌ„ Page 1258 col 2 liue 19 for Frauncis Sureymes rede Francois de Surienne Page 1258 col 2 line 27 but steaderly manned adde tooke resolution â—â—â— attempt the gaming therof in this order Page 1268 although wrongly noted 1276 col 2 line 13 for by them rede by him Page 1275 co 2 line 37 for deuie rede deuice Page 1277 wrongly marked 1269 col 2 line 14 for aduancers reade aduancer Page 1280 col 1 line 18 put out and other places Page 1290 col 2 line 24 for Burstlier reade Burcheir Page 1295 col 1 line 27 of the Duke put out of Page 1297 col 1 line first all things adde to all things Page 1305 col 1 line 48 for prickes reade prickers Page 1310 col 2 line 31 for of the army reade of the same Page 1317 col 1 line 43 for King the seuenth rede King Henry the seuenth Page 1319 colum 1 line 3 for with hir person rede with
which ibid col 4. reade of Salop. Some 10.11 fol 92. col 1. lin 34. reade Cymbelline fol 93. col 1. lin 34. reade out of the hilles ibid lin 35. reade that at certaine times ibid lin 47. reade straunge for strong ibid lin 58. reade vertigerne ibid col 2. lin â—…8 for seconde Aye read second Axe ibid lin 44. reade doth it swell ibid col 3. line 37. reade into the earth for into the grounde ibid 47 reade as one néere to S. Asaphes fol 94. col 1. the 10.11 and 12. lines are to much almost by euery worde by meanes of an odde pamphlet of Tideswell latewarde inserted into the booke fol 96. col 2. lin 39. for goddesse reade gods fol 96. col 3. line 10. for harde Cantus reade hardie Canutus ibid col 4. vers 21. reade tantum agendis fol 107. col 3. line 1. for drawne reade drawing THE HISTORIE of Englande WHAT manner of people did first inhabite this our couÌ„trey which hath most generally of longest continuaunce bene knowne among all nations by y e name of Britaine as yet it is not certainly knowne neither can it be decided from whence the first inhabitantes thereof came by reason of such diuersitie in iudgements as haue risen amongst the learned in this behalfe But sith the originall in maner of all nations is doubtful The originall â—… nations â—…r the moste 〈◊〉 vncertain and euen the same for the more parte fabulous that always excepted which we fynde in the holy scriptures I wishe not any man to leane to that whiche shall be heere set downe as to an infallible truth sith I do but only shewe other mennes coniectures grounded neuerthelesse vppon likely reasons concernyng that matter wherof there is now left but little other certayntiâ—… â—…hether Briâ—… vvere an â—…de at the â—…st or rather none at all To fetche therfore 〈◊〉 matter from the furthest and so to stretch it forward it seâ—â—eth by the report of Dominicus Marius Niger â—…ogr comâ—…ent lib. 2. y t in the beginning wheÌ„ God framed the worlde and diuided the waters aparte from the earth this Isle was then a partel of the continent â—…o ylande at â—… fyrste as 〈◊〉 coÌ„iecture ioyned without any separation of sea to the mayne lande But this opinion as al other the lyke vncertaynties I leaue to be decided of the learned Howbeit for the first inhabitation of this Isle with people I haue thought good to set down in part what may be gathered out of such writers as haue touched that mater may seene to giue some light vnto the knowledge thereof 〈◊〉 the first part â—… the actes of â—…e Englishe â—…taries Fyrst therfore Iohn Bale our countreyman who in his tyme greatly trauayled in the searche of suche antiquities â—…itayn inhaâ—…ed before â—â—oud dothe probably coniectuâ—…e that this lande was inhabited and replenished with people long before the floud at that tyme in the which the generation of mankinde as Moyses writeth began to multiplie vpon the vniuersall face of the earth â—…en â—… and therefore it followeth that as well this land was inhabited with people long before the dayes of Noe as any the other countreys and partes of the worlde beside 〈…〉 But when they had once forsakeÌ„ the ordinances appointed them by God and betaken them to new ways inuented of themselues such loosenesse of lyfe ensued euerywhere as brought vpon them the great deluge vniuersall floud in the whiche perished as well the inhabitants of these quarters as the residus of the race of mankinde generally dispersed in euery other part of the whole world â—â—uing only Noe his familie who by the prouidence and pleasure of almightie God was preserued from the rage of those waters to recontinue and repaire the newe generation of manne vpon the earth Noe. After the floud as Annius of Viterbo recordeth reason also enforceth In commenâ—… super 4. lib. Beros de antiquit li. 2. Noe was the only Monark of al the world and as the same Annius gathereth by the accounte of Moyses in the .100 Annius vt supra yeare after the â—…oud â–ª Noe deuided the earth among his three senâ—…e assigning to the possession of his eldest sonne all that portion of laâ—…de which â—…owe is knowne by the name of ASIA and to his second sonne Châ—â—â— he appointed all that part of the world which now is called Affrica Vnto his thirde sonne Iâ—…phet was allotted all â—…urâ—…pa with all the Aleâ—… thereto belongyng wherin among other was conteined this our Ile of Britayn with the other yles therto belonging Iaphet Thus was this Ilande inhabited and peopleâ—… within .200 Britayn inhabited shortly after the floud yeres after the floud by the children of Iaphet the sonne of Noe and this is not only proued by Annius writing vpoÌ„ Berosus but also confirmed by Moyses in the scripture where he writeth that of the ofspring of Iaphet the yles of the Gentils wherof Britayn is one were sorted into regions in the tyme of Phaleg the son of Hiber Theophilus episcop Antiochi ad Antol. lib. 2. The vvordes of Theophilus a doctor of the churchâ—… vvho liued An. Christi 160. who was born at the tyme of the diuision of languages Herevpon Theophilus hath these words CuÌ„ priscis temporibus pauci foret homines in Arabia Chaldaea post linguarum diuisionem aucti multiplicati paulatim sunt â–ª hinc quidam abierunt versus Orientem quidam concessere ad partes maioris continentis alij porrò profecti sunt ad Septentrionem sedes quaesituri nec prius desierunt terraÌ„ vbique occupare qua etiaÌ„ BritaÌ„noâ—… in Arctois climatibus accesseriÌ„t c. englished thus VVhen at the first there were not many men in Arabia Chaldea it came to passe that after the deuision of tongs they began somwhat better to increase multiplie by which occasion some of them went toward the east some toward the parties of the great mayn land Diuers went also northwards to seeke them dwellyng places neyther stayed they to replenishe the earth as they went til they came vnto the yles of Britain lying vnder the north pole c. Hitherto Theophilus These things considered Gildas the Briton had great reason to think that this countrey had bin inhabited from the beginning and Polydore Vergil was with no lesse coÌ„sideration hereby inforced to coÌ„fesse that the I le of Britayne had receiued inhabitauntes forthwith after the floud Samothes Gen. 2. De migr gen SAmothes y e 6. begotteÌ„ son of Iaphet called by Moyses Mesech by others Dis receyued for his portion according to the reporte of Wolfgangus Lazius all the countrey lying betwene the riuer of Rheyn the Pyrenian mountayns where hee founded the kingdome of Celtica ouer his people called Celtae Which name Bale affirmeth to haue bin indifferent to the inhabitants both of the countrey of Gallia Cent. 1. and the I le of
other sticketh fast as the 〈◊〉 at his coÌ„ming a land with his army in England 285. â—…9 William Wittelsey Archbishop of Caunterburye dyeth 995.17 a Willoughby Robert Lord Brooke generall of the army into Britain 1434 line 10 William succedeth Raufe in the Archbishopricke of Caunterbury 359.38 Winchcomb Church builded 200.105 Winchcomb Abbey founded 201.5 Wilshire wasted by the Danes 245.77 .252.10 Winchester wonne by the Danes 247.81 William of Malmesburie cited 19.25 .97.6 .116 line 52 William of Malmesburie confuted 19.28 Windham Iohn Knyghte and beheaded 1457.40 Wicklifes doctrine mainteyned page 1155. col 1. line 43. his bookes condemned line 55 William de la Pole Erle of Suffolke page 1269. col 1. line 36. col 2. line 6.25.40 page 1271. col 2. line 16. Duke of Suffolke page 1273. col 2. lin 57. a exclamation against him page 1277. col 2. line 6. sent to the Tower pa. 1278. col 2. line 47. deliuered line 49. banished page 1279. col 1. line 21. beheaded line 28 Wilfride a virgin taken out of a Nunrie and defloured by King Edgar 233.11 Wigmere battell foughte by the Danes against the Englishmen 245.35 Wilson Doctor in the premunire 1578.21 pardoned 1581.48 William King of Scottes conspireth with Henrye the sonne againste Kyng Henrye the second 426. 108. he entreth CumberlaÌ„d and besiegeth Careleil 427.67 .433.107 inuadeth NorthumberlaÌ„d and burneth and spoyleth the Countrey 430.28 William Fitz Osbert with the long bearde is conueted before the B. of Caunterbury 529.80 hee appeareth and is dismissed quietly 529.86 he is newly attached and escapeth into saint Mary Bowe Churche keepeth it by force is forced out by fire 529. 105. he is wounded with a knife 529.116 he is araigned in the Tower coÌ„demned drawen and executed 530.4 VVilliam Tirell esquier beheaded page 1313. col 1. line 28 VVilliam Neuill Lorde Fawconbridge Earle of Kente page 1313. col 1. line 40 VVilliam Tailbois Erle of Kyme page 1315. col 1. line 6. beheaded li. 12 VVilliam Lord Herberte Erle of PeÌ„broke page 1315. col 1. line 54. page 1319. col 2. line 35. beheded pag. 1320. col 2. li. 35 VVilford Iames knight valiauntlye defendeth Hadington 1638.20 is taken prisoner 1640.3 VVilliam sonne to Kyng Stephan considered of in the agreemente betweene his father and Henrye Fitz Empresse 389.45 VVilfrid Bishop of Hexham dyeth 190.105 VVilfrid the second succeedeth Iohn in the Archbishoprik of Yorke 190.109 VVilmote a noble man of Sussex banished lyeth rouing vppon the coastes 244 VVilliam Earle of Mortaigne wilfully banisheth himselfe the lande 343.49 VVisbasdowne battaile foughte betweene the Saxons one with another 142.95 VVilliam K. of Scottes marrieth the Lorde Ermengarde daughter to Richard VicouÌ„t Beaumount 463.62 VVilliam Conqueroure hath not so much ground as to bury him in without doing iniurie to another 315.103 VVilliam Conqueroures issue 315.111 VVilliam Bishop of London obteyneth the firste Charter for the Citie of London 316.25 VVilliam Conqueroures Sepulchre opened with the length and bignes of his body 316.61 VVilliam Rufus second sonne to King VVilliam looke Rufus VVilliam VVilnotus emprisoned againe by K. VVilliam Rufus 317.37 VVilliaÌ„ Bishop of Durham 318.60 VVilliam King of Scots commeth into EnglaÌ„d and doth homage to HeÌ„ry the second 408.68 he goeth ouer into Normandye with K. Henrye the second 408.82 VVilliam succeedeth hys father Patrike in the Earledome of Salisburie 411.23 VVilliam King of Scots taken prisoner 435.1 is released out of prison 439.20 he commeth to a Parliamente to Northhampton 443.22 VVilliam Earle of Arundell dyeth 445.6 VVinchester besieged by the Romaines 51.34 VVilliam King of Sicile departeth this life 486. line 102 VVilloughby Roberte knight conueyd the Erle of VVarwike froÌ„ Sheriffehuton to the tower of London 1425.20 VVilliam Conqueroure being ridde of one vexation is alwayes troubled with an other 307. line 20 VVilloughby Roberte created Lorde Brooke 1426.38 VVinleshore battell foughte by the Englishmen against y e Danes 207.13 VVinchester Citie destroyed by the Danes 208.55 VVinborne Abbey 211.14 VVilton battaile foughte by the Danes againste the Englishmen 212.2 VVinfrid B. of Mercia 179.94 VVinchester Churche builded 180.70 VVinfrid deposed for disobedience 181.8 William Cotton slayne page 1288. col 1. line 13 Wibbas or Wipha succeedeth his father Crida in the Kingdome of Mercia 145.88 William Conqueroure inuadeth Scotland with a mighty army 307.38 Wimond a Monke fyrste Byshoppe of the I le of Man had his eyes put out 386.6 VVilliam Archbyshoppe of Yorke complayned of to the Pope and deposed 382.38 Wiues to be kept according to the lawes of holy Church 420.110 VVilliam sonne to King Stephan departeth this life 399.44 VVilliaÌ„ VVicwan made Archbishop of York 789. 36 a dyeth 794.48 a Windsor Castell besieged by the Barons 603.19 they raise theyr Campe secretely in the nyghte 604.46 VVilliam Duke of Normandie promiseth hys daughter in marriage to Earle Harold 278.40 VVilliam erle of Northfolke breaketh his legge with a fall from hys Horse 303.3 VVilliam Duke of Normandyes backe peece of his armour put on before by chance 286.83 VVilliam King of Scots commeth to visit Kyng Henrye the seconde of England 411.99 VVilliam King of Scots and Dauid his brother do homage to Henry son to King Henrye the second 412.75 VVilliam StaÌ„ley knight page 1321. col 1. line 55 Wigmore Castell besieged and wonne by the Barons 765.37 VVilliam VVilford toke Shippes on the coastes of Britaine page 1140. col 2. line 34 VVilliam Sautre brente in Smithfield page 1132 col 2. line 30 VVilton Nunrie fortifyed in steed of a Castell 379.69 VVil. Argentine Knight page 1119. col 2. line 46 VVilliam Venoure page 1120. col 2. line 17 VVilliam Erle of Pembroke perswadeth the nobilitie against Lewes and to take parte wyth Henry the third 608.60 VVilliam wyth the long berd maketh an oration to the people 529.34 VVilliam Conqueroure leadeth a mighty armye into Wales 310.7 William Conqueroure leadeth an army against his eldest sonne Roberte in Normandy 310.34 he is vnhorsed by his sonne Roberte and is by hym eftsoones horsed againe 310.45 they are made friends 310.69 William long scoured the seas pa. 1156. col 2. lin 50 Wise saying of a worthye Prince page 1256. col 1. line 46 Wales deuided froÌ„ the other partes of Britaine by Seuerne 75.22 Wall builded or restored betwene the Britaines Scots by Seuerus 81.3 Walbroke in London why so called 82.50 Wichwood beside Stony Stratford page 1316. col 1. line 46 Whitsandbay page 1323. col 1. line 30 Wilton Abbey buylded 226.116 Wilfride Bishop of worcester 192.20 Wiccies prouince nowe Worcester 192.19 Winchester made a Bishops Sea 191.8 Withred departeth thys life 191.81 Wise meÌ„ deserue as much praise for their counsell as stoute warrioures for their valiancie 84.50 Wilfride restored to Northumberland 186.3 Withred son to Gegherte made K. of Kent 187.10 Wil. Conqueroure returneth out of Normandye into England 297.32 hee leadeth an army againste y e Citie of Exeter 299.41 he leadeth an army into the Northe againste the Danes and
that lyeth south of Bettesly Next vnto the Wye I finde a rill of no great course comming downe from Mounton chappell by a place of the bishops of Landaffe Thence passing by Charston rocke and the point whereon Trinitie chappell standeth I come vnto the fall of Trogy which rysch short of Trogy castell â—…ogy runneth towarde the sea by Landuair Dewston Calycot and so into the Ocean â—…nny Iâ—…de in y e â—…ddest of â—… Saâ—…ne The next fall is of a water that commeth from aboue Penho by Sainct Brides north and by west of Denny Islande which lieth midway betwene that Fall Porshot point and before I touche at Goldcleffe point I crosse another fall of a freshe brooke whose heade is aboue Landueigo and course by Lhanbed Langston Lhanwarne thorowe the more to Witston The â—…ske or Wiske Vske in latin Osca riseth in such sort as I haue already described running in processe of tyme by Trecastell it taketh in the Craie brooke Craie on the right hande before it come to Ridburne chappell Going also froÌ„ thence toward Deuinock it crosseth the Senney on the same side which riseth aboue capel Senney next of all the Camblas Senny Camblas Brane and at Abbraine the Brane or the Bremich whose head is thrée miles from Brecknock and running by Lanihengle it méeteth I say with the Vske about Mayster Awbries Maner Beneath Aber Yster it receyueth the Yster which riseth aboue Martir Kinoch and commeth by Battell chappell Yster and goyng from thence by Lanspythed and Newton it runneth in the ende to Brecknocke where it taketh in the Hodney on the one side whose head is in Blaine Hodney Hodney and commyng downe from thence by Defrune chappell LamhaÌ„gle Landiuilog it méeteth with the Vske at Breknocke townes ende which of the fall of this water was sometime called Aberhodni as I haue béene informed on the other halfe likewise it receyueth y e Tertarith that ryseth among the Bane hylles Tertarith fyue myles from Brecknoch and commeth likewise into the very subburbes of y e towne beneath Trenewith or newe Troy wherby it taketh the course After these conflueÌ„ces the Vske procéedeth on towarde Aberkinurike Kynuricke or the fall of a water whose heade is in the rootes of Menuchdenny hil and passage by Cantreffe Thence it goeth by Lanhamlaghe Penkethley castell Lansanfreid Landetty Langonider soone after receyuing the Riangall which riseth about the hill whereon Dynas Castell standeth Riangall and runneth by Lanyhangle and Tretoure it passeth betwéene Laugattocke and Cerigkhowell to Langroyny and there crosseth the Groyny brooke Groyni that discendeth from Monegather Arthur hill by Peter Church as I finde When the Vske is past this brooke it taketh in thrée other short rils from by south with in a little distance wherof the first hight Cledoch Vaur Cledochvaur Fidan Cledochvehan Geuenni the seconde Fydan the thirde Cledochvehan Of these also the last falleth in néere to Lanwenarth From hence the Vske runneth to Abergeuenni towne where it méeteth with the Geuenni water from by north that riseth short of Bettus Chappell so goeth on to Hardwijc beneath which it crosseth thrée nameles rilles on the right hande before it come at Lamhangle vpon Vske Geuenni of whose courses I know not any more then that they are not of any length nor the chanel of sufficient greatnes seuerally to entreate of Betwéene Kemmeys and Trostrey it méeteth with â—…uch an other rill that commeth downe by Bettus Newith Birthin Cairuske standeth on one side of Vse and CarlioÌ„ on the other but Cair vske by diuers miles farder into the land Thence it goeth to Cair Vske or Brenbigei but eare it come there it receyueth the Birthin on the right hande which is a pretie water descending from two heades wherof the first is north west of Manyhylot as the other is of Lanyhangle Pentmorell Next vnto this it ioyneth with the Elwy aboue Lanbadocke whose heade is East of Penclase and running westwardes by Penclase Lannislen Langowen and beneath Landewy taking in a broket from Ragland castell that commeth downe thither by Raglande parke it bendeth southwest vntill it come at the Vske which crinckling toward the South méeteth with thrée rilles before it come to Marthey chappell wherof the first lyeth on the right hande and the other on the left FroÌ„ Marthelly it hasteth to Kemmeys and care it come at Carleon taketh in two waters on the ryght hande of which the first commeth downe betwéene Landgwy Landgweth by Lhan Henoch without any farder increase but the other is a more beautifull streame called Auon and thus described as I finde it among my pamphlettes Auon The Auon ryseth in the hilles that séeme to part Monemouth and Breckenock shires in sunder and running downe from thence by Capell Newith and Triuethin it receyueth a water from by south almost of equall course from that quarter of the countrie and in processe of time another little one froÌ„ the same side eare it come to Lanyhangle from whence it goeth to Gwennocke Penrose and so in Vse before it go by Carleon Being past Carlion it runneth to Cryndy where M. Harbert dwelleth and there carying another brooke withall that descendeth by Henlis and Bettus chappell it runneth furth to Newport in Welch castel Newith and from thence into the sea taking the Ebowith water withall Ebowith whose race I described in my first booke but hauing nowe more intelligence of his course I will ones againe deale with it in this manner as I reade it The Ebowith riseth in y e very edge of Monemouth shyre aboue Blainegwent and comming downe by Lanheleth and Tumberlow hyll crossing a ryll from North east by the way it taketh in therabout y e Serowy that runneth by Trestrent and is of lesse race hitherto Serowy then the Ebowith and froÌ„ that same quarter After this confluence it goeth to Risley Rocheston castell next of all thorowe a parke and so to Grenefeld castell and is not long ere it fall into the sea being the last issue that I doe finde in the county which beareth the name of Monemouth was in olde time a part of the region of the Silures The Remeney or as some corruptly call it the Nonney is a goodly water 〈…〉 and from the head a march betwéene Monemouth Glamorgan shires It receyueth no water on the east side but on the west diuers smal beckes whereof thrée are betwéene the rising Brathetere chappell the fourth commeth in by Capel Gledis the fift from betwéene the Faldray and Lanvabor the sixt and seuenth before it come to Bedwas and the eyght ouer against Bedwas it selfe from chappell Martin after which confluences it runneth on by Maghan Keuen Mabley and Romeney and ere long crossing a becke at North east that commeth by Lanyssen and Rathe it falleth soone after into the Sauerne Sea but sée more
at Pecforten at two seuerall places and after the confluence goeth by Beston castell Beston towne thence to Tréerton and Hakesly where it deuideth it selfe so that one arme runneth by Totnall Gowburne where M. Venables lyeth Lée hall and beneath Alford againe into the other braunche of the ryuer Dée which goeth in the meane time by Stapleforde Hocknell plat Plemstow a litle aboue Thorneton crosseth a water that commeth from Chester and goeth to ThornetoÌ„ by the Baites CharletoÌ„ Blackford Crowton and Stoke whereby Wyrall is cut froÌ„ the maine of Englande and left as a very Islande Finally our Dée goeth from Alforde to Eaton hall Eccleston Huntungdon hall Boughton and so by Chester towne into the hauen adioyning and thus much of the Dée which receyueth in like sort the Alen mencioned euen now wherof I gaue some notice in the former Treatize Alen. and I haue found more sithens that time in Leland which I will not here omitte to set downe worde for word as I reade it in his Commentaries One of the greatest riuers saith he that falleth into this streame meaning Dée is named Alen. It ryseth in a pole called Lin Alen and goeth from thence by Lanteglan Lan Armon Lanueris Molesdale and at Hispalin ruÌ„neth into the grounde for a certaine space about a quarter of a mile in length and there after it is rysen againe with a great vehemencie becommeth a marche betwéene Molesdale a Lordship full of very fine riuerets called in Welche Stradalyn and Flint for a fiue miles grounde From thence going thorow Hoxedale Bromefielde aliâs Maylor Camridge halfe a myle beneath Holt it falleth into the Dée which hath the best Trowtes in England Best Trowtes in Dée Rue Dedoch Beside this it receyueth also the Rue Dedoch which commeth downe within a quarter of a myle of Wrexam méeteth wythall a myle aboue Holt a verye pretie streame and such a one in déede as bréedeth the same Trowt for which the Dée is commended Abon The Abon falleth into y e Dée within a myle of Ruabon churche I had almost forgotten saith the sayde Authour to speake of the Terig otherwise named Auon Terig Terig which being almost so great as the Alen coÌ„meth thorow a péece of Yale Lordship into Molesdale Howne and so into Alin. I ouer passe also the Howne that commeth by the south ende of Molesdale towne and soone after into this water Also the Brone 〈…〉 descending froÌ„ Reginalds tower after thre quarters of a myle lykewyse into the Alen. Wyrâ—â— Finally the Wyral which ryseth within lesse then a quarter of a myle of Chester falleth into Dée at Flockers brooke without the north gate wherein is a Docke called Port pole for great ships to ride at a spring tyde Hitherto Lelande whose sayings herein shal not perish because they may be profitably vsed in the next publication of this booke yf it euer happen to be liked and come thereto Being past the Dée we come next of all vnto the Wiuer Wiuer then the which I reade of no riuer in England that fetcheth more or halfe so many windlesses and crincklinges before it come at the sea It ryseth in Buckle hilles which lye betwene Ridley Buckle towns and soone after making a lake of a myle and more in length called Ridley pole it ruÌ„neth by Ridley to ChalmoÌ„dly Thence it goeth to Wrenbury where it taketh in a water out of a moore that commeth from Marbury 〈◊〉 and beneath Sanford bridge the Combrus from Combermer or Comber lake and finallye the thirde that commeth from about Moneton and runneth by Langerflaw then betwéene Shenton and Atherly parkes and so into the Wiuer which watereth all the west part of England and is no lesse notable then the fift Auon or thirde Ouze whereof I haue spoken already After these confluences it hasteth also to Audlem Hawklow and at Barderton crosseth the Betley water Betâ—… that runneth by Duddington Widdenbery and so by Barderton into the aforesayde streame Thence it goeth to Nantwiche but eare it come at Marchforde bridge 〈◊〉 it meeteth with a rill called Salopbrooke as I gesse coÌ„ming from Caluerley warde 〈…〉 and likewise beneth the sayde bridge with the Lée and the Wuluarne both in one chanell wherof the first riseth at Weston the other goeth by Copnall From thence the Wiuer ruÌ„neth on to Minchion and Cardeswijc and the next water that falleth into it is the Ashe Ashe which passeth by Darnall Graunge and afterwarde going to Warke the vale Royall and Eaton it commeth finally to Northwiche where it receyueth the Dane Dane â–ª to be described as followeth The Dane riseth in the very edges of Chester Darbyshyre and Staffordshyre and comming by Wharneforde Swithamley and Bosley is a limite betwéene Stafforde and Darby shyres almost euen from the very head which is in Maxwell forrest It is not long also ere it met with the Bidle water that commeth by Congerton Bidle â–ª and after the coÌ„fluence goeth to Swetham the Heremitage Cotton and Croxton there taking in two great waters whereof the one is called Whelocke â—â—elocke which comming froÌ„ the edge of the countie by Morton to Saâ—…dbach crosseth another that descendeth from Churche Cawlton and after the confluence goeth to Warmingham ioyning also beneath Midlewish with the Croco or CroxtoÌ„ the second great water â—…roco whose head commeth out of a lake aboue Bruerton as I heare and thence both the Whelocke and the Croco go as one to the Dane at Croxston as the Dane doth from thence to Bostocke Dauenham Shebruch Shurlach and at Northwiche into the aforesayd Wyuer After this confluence the Wyuer runneth on to Barneton and there in like sort receiueth two brookes in one chanell wherof one commeth from aboue Allostocke by Holme and Lastocke the other from beyonde Birtles mill by Chelforde where it taketh in a 〈◊〉 called Piuerey thence to ouer Peuer â—…iuerey Holforde there crossing the Waterlesse brooke â—…cowing of two beckes and ioyning at nether Tabley it goeth forth to Winshambridge â—â—terlesse and then méeting with the other after this conflueÌ„ce they procéede till they come almost at Barneton where the saide chanell ioyneth with a pretie water running thorow two Lakes whereof the greatest lyeth betwéene Cumberbach Rudworth Marbury But to go forwarde with the course of the maine riuer After these coÌ„fluences our Wiuer goeth to Warham Actonbridge and Dutton ouer against which towne on y e other side it méeteth with a rill comming from Cuddington also the second going by Norley and Gritton finallye the thirde soone after from Kimsley and then procéedeth on in his passage by Asheton chappell Frodesham Rockesauage and so into the sea and this is all that I doe finde of the Wyuer whose influences might haue béene more largely set downe yf mine insunctions had béene more amplye deliuered yet this I hope maye suffice for
He tooke vp moreâ—…uer sundrye curious pottes Iugges and cruses of stone woode most artificially wrought and carued that in such quantitye besides infinite store of fine housholde stuffe as if the whole furniture of the city had béene brought thither of purpose to be hidden in those vaultes In procéeding further he tooke vp diuers pots of golde syluer brasse glasse wherof some were fylled with the ashes and bones of the Gentyles not a fewe with the coynes of the olde Brytons and Romaine Emperours All which vessels the sayde Abbot brake into péeces and melting the mettalle he reserued it in lyke sorte for the garnyshing of hys church he founde lykewyse in a stone wall two olde bookes wherof one conteined the rytes of the gentiles about the sacrifices of their gods the other as they now say y e Martyrdome of S. Albane â—…S souÌ„â—â— lyke a 〈◊〉 both of theÌ„ written in old brittish letters which eyther bycause no man then lyuing could read them or for that they were not woorth the kéeping were both consumed to ashes sauing that a fewe notes were first taken out of this later concerning the death of their Albane Thus much haue I thought good to note of the former beautie of Verolamium whereof infinite other tokens haue béene found since that tyme and diuers within the memory of man of passing workmanship the lyke wherof hath no where else béene séene in anye ruynes wythin the compasse of the Isle eyther for cost or quantitye of stuffe Furthermore where as dyuers are not a frayde to saye that the Thames came sometimes by thys citie in déede it is nothing so but that the Verlume afterwarde called Vere and the Mure did or doth so whatsoeeuer Gildas talketh herof whose bookes may be corrupted in that behalfe there is yet euident proofe to be confirmed by experience But thus standeth the case As those aforesayd workemen digged in those ruines they happened oftentimes vpon Lempet shelles péeces of rusty ancres and Keles of great vesselles wherevpon some by by gathered that either the Thames or some arme of the Sea did beate vpon that towne not vnderstandyng that these thinges might aswell happen in great lakes and meres whereof there was one adioyning to the north side of the citie which lay theÌ„ vnwalled This mere at the first belonged to the king and thereby Offa in hys time did reape no small commoditie It continued also vntill the time of Alfâ—…ijc the seauenth Abbot of that house who bought it out ryght of the king then liuing by excessiue charges dreined it so narrowly that within a whyle he left it â—…e bycause there was alwaies contention betwéene the monkes the kings seruaunts which fished on that water In these dayes there remayneth no maner mencion of this poole but onelye in one streate which yet is called fishpoole streate whereof this may suffise for the resolution of such men as séeke rather to yeeld to an inconuenience then that their Gildas shoulde séeme to mistake thys ryuer Hauing thus digressed to giue some remeÌ„braunce of the olde estate of Verolamium it is now time to returne againe vnto my former purpose Certes I woulde gladlye set downe with the names and number of the cities all the townes villages in england and wales â–ª but as yet I cannot come by theÌ„ in such order as I woulde howbeit the tale of our cities is soone founde by the Byshoprijckes sith euery Sie hath such prerogatiue giuen vnto it as to beare the name of a citie As London Yorke Cauntorbury VVinchester Cairleil Durham Ely Norwiche Lincolne VVorcester Glocester Hereforde Salisbury Excester Bathe Lichefielde Bristow Rochester Chester Chichester Oxforde Peterborow Landaffe S. Dauids Bangor S. Asaph Whose particular plots models with their descriptioÌ„s shal insue if it may be brought to passe that y e cutters can make dispach of theÌ„ before this hystory be published Of townes and villages likewise thus much will I say that there were greater store in olde tyme then at this present thys I note out of dyuers recordes charters donations made in times past vnto sundry religious houses as Glessenburye Abbandon Ramsey Ely and such like that there were many townes and villages whereof at this present I fynde not so much as the ruines Lelande in sundrye places complayneth likewise of the decaie of paryshes in great cities and townes missing in some sixe or eyght or twelue churchs of all which he giueth particuler notice For albeit y t the SaxoÌ„s builded many townes villages and the Normans well mo yet since the first hundred yeares after the latter conquest they haue gone againe so fast againe to decaye that the auncyent number of them is very much abated Ranulphe the Monke of Chester telleth of a generall suruey made in the fourth of the reignâ—… of William Conquerour surnamed the Bastarde wherein it was founde that nowithstanding y e Danes had ouerthrowne a great many there were to the number of 52000. townes 45002. parish churches and 75000. Knightes fées whereof the clergy helde 28015. He addeth moreouer that there were dyuers other buylded since that tyme wythin the space of an hundred yeares after the comming of the Bastarde as it were in lieu or recompence of those that William Rufus pulled downe for the erection of his newe Forrest Howbeit if the assertions of such as wryte in our tyme concerning this matter eyther is or ought to be of any credite in this behalfe you shall not finde aboue 17000. townes and villages in the whole which is little more then a fourth part of the aforesayd number yf it be thorowly scanned But to leaue this lamentable discourse of so notable an inconuenieÌ„ce growing by incroching ioyning of house to house and lande to lande whereby the inhabitaunts of any country are deuoured and eateÌ„ vp It is so that our soyle being deuided into Champaigne ground woodlande the houses of the first lye vniformely buylded in euery towne togither with stréetes lanes whereas in the woodlande countries except here and there in great market townes they stande scattered abroad eache one dwelling in the midst of his owne occupying And as in euery one of the first there are comonly thrée hundred or foure hundred families or mansion houses and two thousande communicantes or peraduenture moe so in the other we finde not often aboue fourtie or fiftie housholdes two hundred communicantes whereof the greatest part neuerthelesse are very poore folkes oftentymes without all maner of occupying sith the grounde of the parishe is often gotten vp into a fewe mens handes yea sometimes into the tennure of two or three wherby the reast are compelled eyther to be hyred seruaunts vnto the other or else to begge their bread in misery from doore to doore A great number complayne of thincrease of pouertie but few men do sée the verye roote from whence it doeth procéede yet the Romaines founde it out when they florished and therefore
bowels are cut from their bodies and throwne into a fire prouided neare hand and within sight euen for the same purpose Sometimes if the trespasse be not the more hainous they are suffred to hang til they be quite dead and when so euer any of the Nobilitie are conuicted of high treason this maner of their death is coÌ„uerted into the losse of their heads onely notwithstanding that the sentence doe runne after the former order In triall of cases coÌ„cerning treason fellonie or any other gréeuous cryme the partie accused doth yelde yf he be a noble man to be tryed by his Péeres if a gentleman by gentlemen and an inferiour by God and by the countrie and being condemned of fellonie manslaughter c. he is eftsoones hanged by the necke til he be dead and then cut downe and buryed But yf he be conuicted of wilfull murder he is eyther hanged aliue in chaynes néere the place where the facte was commytted or else first strangeled with a rope and so continueth till his bones consume to nothing We haue vse neither of the whéele nor of y e barre as in other countries but when wilfull manslaughter is perpetrated beside hanging the Offendour hath his right hande commonly stricken of at the place where the acte was done after which he is led foorth to the place of execution there put to death according to the law Vnder the worde fellonie are manie grieuous crimes contained as breche of pryson An. 1. of Edward the second Disfigurers of y e Princes lege people An. 5. of Henry the fourth Hunting by nyght wyth painted faces and Visours An. 1. of Henry the seuenth Rape or stealing of women and maydens An. 3. of Henry the eight Conspiracy against the person of the Prince An. 3. of Henry the seauenth Embefilling of goodes committed by the maister to the seruaunt aboue the value of fourtie shillings An. 17. of Henry the eyght Carying of horses or mares into Scotland An. 23. of Henry the eyght Sodomy and Buggery An 25. of Henrye the eyght Stealing of Hawkes egges An. 31. of Henry the eyght CoÌ„suring sorcerie Witchcrafte and digging vp of Crosses An. 33. of Henry the eyght Prophecying vpoÌ„ armes cognisaunces names and badges An. 33. of Henry y e eyght Casting of slanderous billes An. 37. of Henry y e eyght Wilfull killing by poyson An. 1. of Edward y e sixt Departure of a soldier froÌ„ the field An. 2. of Edward y e sixt Diminution of câ—…yâ—… al offences within casâ—… premunire embeseling of recordes goodes taken froÌ„ dead men by their seruaunts stealing of whatsoeuer cattell robbing by the high way vpon the sea or of dwelling houses letting out of pondes cutting of purses stealing of Déere by night counterfectous 〈◊〉 coyne â–ª euidences charters and writings diuers other néedlesse to be remembred Periury is punished by the pillorie burning in the forehead w t the letter P. and losse of all y e mooueables Many trespasses also are punished by y e cutting of one or both eares from the heade of the offendour as the vtteraunce of sedicious words against the maiestrates fraymakers pettie robbers c. Roges are burned thorow the eares caryers of shéepe out of the land by the losse of their haÌ„ds such as kill by poyson are eyther skalded to death in lead or séething water Heretiks are burned quicke harlottes their mates by carting ducking and dooing of open pennaunce are often put to rebuke Such as kill theÌ„selues are buryed in the fielde with a stake driuen thorow their bodies Witches are hanged or sometymes burned but théeues are haÌ„ged euery where generally sauing in Halifax where they are beheaded after a straÌ„ge maner wherof I find this report There is hath ben of ancient tyme a law or rather a custome at Halifax that whosoeuer doth coÌ„mit any fellony and is taken with the same or confesse the facte vpon examination yf it by valued by fower counstables to amount to the somme of thirtéene pence halfe peny he is forthw t beheaded vpon the next market day which fall vsually vppon the tuesdayes thursdayes and saterdayes or else vpon the same day y t he is so conuicted yf market be then holdeÌ„ The engine wherw t the execution is done is a square blocke of wood of the length of foure foote and an halfe which doeth ryde vp and downe in a slot rabet or regall betwéene twoo péeces of timber that are framed and set vpright of fiue yards in height In the neather ende of the slyding blocke is an Axe keyed or fastened wyth Iron into the wood which being drawne vp to the top of the frame is there fastned with a woodden pinne the one ende set on a péece of woodde which goeth crosse ouer y e two rabets the other ende being let into the blocke holding the Axe with a notche made into the same after the maner of a Sampsons post vnto the middest of which pinne there is a long rope fastened that commeth downe among the people so that when the offendour hath made his confession and hath layde his neck ouer the neathermost blocke euery man there present doth eyther take hold of y e rope or putteth foorth his arme so néere to y e same as he can get in token that he is willing to sée true iustice executed and pulling out the pinne in this maner y e head blocke wherin the axe is fastened doth fall downe wyth such a violence that yf the necke of the transgressour were so bigge as that of a bull it should be cut in sunder at a strocke and roll from the bodie by an huge distaunce If it be so that the offendour be apprehended for an oxe or oxeÌ„ shéepe kine horse or any such cattell the selfe Beast or other of the same kinde haue the ende of the rope tyed somewhere vnto them so that they drawe out the pin whereby the offendour is executed And thus much of Halifax law which I set down onely to shew the custome of that country in this behalfe Roges and vagabondes are often stocked and whipped scoldes are ducked vpon cuckingstooles in the water Such fellons as stand mute and speake not at their arraynement are pressed to death by huge weightes and these commonly holde theyr peace thereby to saue their goodes vnto their wyues and children which yf they were condemned shoulde be confiscated to the prince Théeues that are saued by their bookes and cleargie are burned in the left hande vppon the brawne of the thombe with an hote IroÌ„ so that yf they be apprehended agayne that marke bewrayeth them to haue béene arrayned of fellonie before whereby they are sure at that time to haue no mercy I do not read that this custome of sauing by the booke is vsed any where else then in Englande neyther doe I finde after much diligent inquiry what Saxon Prince ordayned that lawe Howbeit this I generally gather therof that it was deuised at the first to traine the inhabiters
vnder stones in wholes of the yearth rotten stubs of trées amoÌ„gst the dead leaues but in the heate of the sommer they come abroade and lye eyther rounde in heapes or at length vpon some hillocke or else where in the grasse They are found only in our woodland countryes and highest groundes as for our snakes they commonlye are séene in moores fennes and low bottomes And as we haue great store of Todes where Adders coÌ„monly are found so doe Frogges abound where Snakes doe kéepe their residence We haue also the Sloworme which is black grayish of colour and somewhat shorter then an Adder We haue in lyke sort Eftes both of the land and water likewise Swiftes wherof to say any more it should be but losse of time sithe they are well knowne and no regyon voyd of many of them As for flies sith it shal not be amysse a lyttle to touch them also wée haue none that can doe hurt or hynderance naturally vnto any for whether they be cut wasted or whole bodyed they are voyde of poyson all venimous inclination The cut wasted for so I Englishe the worde Insecta are the Hornettes Waspes Bées and such lyke whereof wée haue great store and of which an opinion is conceiued that the first doe bréede of the corruption of deade horses the second of Peares and Apples corrupted and the last of Kine and Oxen which maye be true especially the first and latter in some partes of the beast and not their whole substaunces as also in the seconde sith we haue neuer Waspes but wheÌ„ our frute beginneth to waxe rype In déede Virgill and others speake of a generatioÌ„ of Bées by kyllyng or smouthering of a broused bullocke or calfe and laying hys bowels or hys fleshe wrapped vp in hys hyde in a close house for a certaine season but how true it is as yet I haue not tryed Yet sure I am of thys that no one liuing creature corrupteth with out the productioÌ„ of an other as we may sée in shepe also for excessiue numbers of flesh flies if they be suffered to lye vnburyed or vneaten by the dogges and Swine who often preuent such néedelesse generations Thus much farder wyll I adde of Bées that whereas some ancient wryters affirme theÌ„ to be a coÌ„modity wanting in our Isâ—â— it is nowe founde to be nothing so In 〈◊〉 time peraduenture we had none in déede but in my dayes there is such plenty of them 〈◊〉 maner euery where that in some vplandysh Townes there are one hundreth or two hundreth hiues of them although the saide hiues are not so huge as they of the east countrey but farre lesse as not able to containe aboue one bushel of corne or fiue peckes at y e 〈◊〉 Our hony also is taken and reputed to be the best bycause it is harder better wrought clenlyer vesselled vp theÌ„ that which coÌ„meth from beyond the sea where they stampe and straine their combes Bées young Blowinges altogither into the stuffe as I haue béene informed In vse also of medicine our Phisitions and Appothicaries eschewe the forren choose the home made as bréeding lesse choloâ—… which is oftentimes and I haue séene by experience so white as suger and corned as if it were salt Our hiues are made commonly of Rye straw and wadled about with bramble quarters But some make theÌ„ of wicker and cast them ouer with clay We cherish none in trées but set our hiues somewhere on the warmest side of the house prouyding that they may stande drye and with out dauÌ„ger of the mouse This furthermore is to bée noted that whereas in vesselles of oyle that which is néerest the toppe is accounted the best and of wine that in the mâ—…dest so of hony the best is alwaies next the bottome which euermore casteth and dryueth his dragges vpwarde toward the very top contrary to the natures of other liquide substaunces whose groundes and lies doe generally settle downewardes And thus much as by the waye of our Bées and Englishe Hony As for the whole bodied as the Cantharides and such venymous creatures we here not of them Yet haue we Bettles Horseflyes Turdbugges called in latine Scarabei the Locust or the Greshopper and such lyke whereof let other intreate that make an exercise in catching of Flyes but a farre greater sport in offering them to spyders as did Caligula sometyme and an other Prince yet lyuing who delyted so much to sée the ioly combattes betwixt a stout flye and an old Spider that diuers men haue had great rewardes giuen them for their paineful prouision of flyes made onely for thys purpose Some also in the time of Caligula coulde deuyse to set their Lorde on worke by lettyng fleshe flies into his chamber which he forthwith woulde egerly haue hunted all other businesse set apart neuer ceased til he had caught hir into his fingers There are some Cockescombes here and there in England * â—…eruing â—…broadde men â—…nfregiâ—…te which make account also of this pastime as of a notable matter telling what a fight is séene betwéene theÌ„ if either of them be lusty and couragious in his kinde One also hath made a booke of the Spider the Fly wherin he dealeth so profoundly and beyonde all measure of skill that neyther he himself that made it neither any one shal readeth it can reache vnto the meaning therof But if those iolly fellowes in stéede of the straw that they thrust into the Flies tayle a great iniurie no doubt to such a noble champion woulde bestow the cost to set a fooles cap vpon there owne heades then might they with more securitie and lesse reprehension beholde these notable battayles Of Englishe Dogges Cap. 13. THere is no country that may as I take it compare with ours in number excellencie and diuersitie of Dogges all which the learned Doctour Caius in his Treatize vnto Gesnere de canibus Anglicis doth bring into thrée sortes that is the gentle kinde seruing for game the homly kind apt for sundry necessarie vses and the currish kinde méete for many toyes For my part I can saye no more of them then he hath done alreadie wherfore I wil here set downe only a somme of that which he hath written of their names and natures with the addicion of an example or twoo now lately had in experience wherby the courages of our Mastisses shall yet more largely appeare The first sort therefore he deuideth eyther into such as rowse the beast and continue the chase or springeth the Birde and bewrayeth hir flyght by pursute And as these are commonly called Spanyels so the other are named Hounds wherof he maketh eight sorts of whych the foremoste excelleth in perfite smelling the seconde in quicke espying the third in swiftnesse and quicknesse the fourth in smelling and nimblenesse c. the last in subtilty and deceitfulnesse The first kinde of these are also commonlye called Haryers whose game is the Foxe the Hare Wolfe if
ITEM A VENTA ICINORVM Londinio m. p. cxxviij sic Sitomago m. p. xxxj Combretouio * m. p. xxij Cumbrâ—…tonio Ad Ansam m. p. xv Camoloduno m. p. vj. Canonio m. p. ix Caesaromago m. p. xij Durolito m. p. xvj Londinio m. p. xv ITEM A GLAMOVENTA Mediaolano m. p. cl sic Galaua m. p. xviij Alone * m. p. xij Alauna * Aliona Alione Galacum * m. p. xix Galacum Brigâ—…atâ—… Bremetonaci m. p. xxvij Cocci om p. xx Mancâ—…nio * m. p. xviij Maâ—…cio vel 〈◊〉 Condate m. p. xviij Mediolano m. p. xix ITEM A SEGONTIO Deuam mp lxxiiij sic Canouio m. p. xxiiij Vatis m. p. xix Deua m. p. xxxij ITEM A CALEVA alias MVRIDONO alias Viroconiorum Per viroconium Vindonu * m. p. xv Vindoâ—… Venta Belgarum m. p. xxj Brige * m. p. xj Brage Soruioduni m. p. ix Vindogladia m. p. xiij 15. Durnouaria m. p. viij Muriduno m. p. xxxvj Scadum Nunniorum * m. p. xv 12. Iscaâ—… Leuearo m. p. xv Bomio m. p. xv Niâ—…o m. p. xv Iscelegua Augusti * m. p. xiiii Iscelegia Borrio m. p. ix Gobannio m. p. xii Magnis m. p. xxii Brauinio * m. p. xxiiii Broâ—…nio Viriconio m. p. xxvii ITEM AB ISCA Calleua m. p. cix sic Burrio m. p. ix Blestio m. p. xi Ariconio m. p. xi Cleuo m. p. xv Durocornouio m. p. xiiii Spinis m. p. xv Calleua m. p. xv ITEM ALIO ITINERE ab Isca Calleua m. p. CIII sic Venta Silurum m. p. ix Abone m. p. ix Traiectus m. p. ix Aquis Solis m. p. vi Verlucione m. p. xv Cunetione m. p. xx Spinis m. p. xv Calleua m. p. xv ITEM A CALLEVA Iscadum Nunniorum m. p. CXXXVI sic Vindomi m. p. xv Venta Belgarum m. p. xxâ—… Brige m. p. xi Sorbiodoni m. p. viii Vindocladia m. p. xii Durnonouaria * m. p. viiii Durnouaria Moriduno m. p. xxxvi Iscadum Nunniorum m. p. xv FINIS ¶ Faultes escaped In the First Booke IN the first leafe columpne .1 23. lin reade thorow the trade In the 3. leafe col and 20. line reade so a comeling In the 3. leafe col 4. and 43. lin reade Gyants were In the 4. leafe co 1. lin 1. read S. Augustine therfore fol. 5. col 3. lin 32. reade liue in these dayes fol. 6 lin 1. col reade or Gwinhead ibid lin 23. col 1. reade limites of this ibid lin 25. reade consisted ibid lin 36. for Shropshire reade Shrewesbyry ibid col 2. lin 25. and 53. read extended themselues ibid col 3. lin 45. read Sussex in the south ibid col 4. lin 25. put out yeares after 35. fol 7. col 4. lin 26. reade easily fol 8. col 1. lin 29. reade put out also saying ibid col 4. line 49. for will I begin reade woulde I begin fol 9. col 3. lin 33. for infinity reade infinite fol 10. col 2. lin 51. reade holde this opinion Ibid lin 54. reade they shall sée ibid col 4. lin 49. reade those 45. for those fewe fol 11. col 1. lin reade 25. errour of their founder ibid col 2. lin 19. reade pittes of errour ibid lin 20. put out as and reade welles in déede that holde no water Ibid col 3. lin 50. reade withstande him there fol 13. col 1. lin 10. for Chichester reade Winchester fol 13. col 1. lin 38. reade and thereby gathered fol 16. col 1. lin 10. reade themselues lying néere hand or within this Isle also fol 17. col 2. lin 46. reade S. Ninians ibid lin 59. reade it séemeth hereby ibid col 3. lin 2. reade vnto Mona onely fol 18. col 1. lin 33. reade northeast and other also beyond them in like sort subiect to Scotland fol 20. col 2. in the margent reade as I heare néere Cantorbury for about Gaunt ibid col 3. lin 1. read Stoure whereof ibid. put out parenthesis in the margine ibid lin 39. reade diuided it selfe fol 24. col 1. lin 52. reade also to the point fol 26. col 1. lin 49. reade another great streame ibid col 2. lin 16. for to a village read and a village fol 27 where you reade Towz reade Towy ibid col 4. lin 26. reade into the mayne sea fol 30. col 1. lin 40. for Dunrith reade Drurith ibid. col 2. lin 55. read Harleswell ibid. lin 58. reade by north of Beltingham ibid. col 4. lin 6. for Tine reade were fol 31. co 2. li 18. for Cockingham read Cottingham ibid col 3. lin 9. reade lyke in the next booke fol 32. col 3. lin 24. put in to in the ende of the line ibid lin 42. for Magey reade Maxey fol 33. col 3. lin 10. for Mores reade Meres ibid lin 18. for his place reade this place fol 36. col 4. lin 28. reade forth by west of Marton fol 37. col 2. lin 52. read sing of cattel and put out the. fol 39. col 1. lin 33. read history after him Bodinus fol 45. col 1. lin 11. reade in these dayes fol 47. co 4. li 32. read touching it for touching by it ibid. lin 41. read wall was of stone In the seconde Booke FOl 74. col 3. lin 1. reade Leircester for Lewcester fol 75. col 1. lin 18. reade quantitie thereof ibid. col 2. lin 22. reade gayles within fol 76. col 3. in the margine reade howe those men shoulde haue done in the name note col 4. lin 1. tayler he fol. 77. col 2. lin 32. and 33. put out and the wight for I mistooke it ibid lin 43. for in olde time read also the weight fol 84. col 3. lin 26. for hope of recouery reade hope of realese fol 85. col 3. lin 53. reade before the olde be expyred fol. 85. col 1. lin 1. put out therefore and reade I finde therefore ibid col 4. lin 49. for riuerets reade riuettes fol 87. col 1. li 19. for their ordinaunce reade the store of ordinaunce ibid lin 27. reade that in some one barons house I haue ibid lin 33. reade done then trow you ibid. col 4. lin 9.10 reade we had some also for a few ibid lin 15. put out and betwéene Alfrede Etheldred fol 88. col 3. lin 17. reade being the more plenteous ibid lin 22. reade if place did serue therefore ibid col 4. lin 46. reade for these causes therefore fol 89. col 4. lin 58. for sunt duo reade sint duo fol 90. col 1. Canone 13. beside the misplacing of the point lin 52. there is n to much in y e last word of the 56. line ibid col 2. lin 9. the whole line is peruerted for Siquis autem cum primario pugnauerit ibid lin 39. for aliquot reade aliquam ibid col 3. li 34. for Gemiscisione read Genuscisione fol 91. col 3. lin 19. for whereas reade thus ibid li 21. for behauiour whereby read behauiour and hereby ibid lin 22. reade defrauded and the. ibid lin 33. reade euery man
Gyantes and were not so called only of their monstrous greatnesse as the common people thinke although in deede they exceeded the vsuall stature of men nowe in these dayes but also for y e they tooke their name of the soyle where they were born VVâ—…at gigantes signifyeth for Gigantes signifieth the sons of the earth the Aborigines or as Cesar calleth them Indigina that is borne and bred out of the earth where they inhabited Thus some thinke but verily although that their opinion is not to be allowed in any condition Against the opinion of Aborigines which maynteyne that there should be any Aborigines or other kynde of men than those of Adams lyne yet that there haue bin menne of farre greater stature than are nowe to be founde is sufficiently proued by the huge bones of those that haue bin founde in our tyme or lately before whereof here to make further relation it shall not neede sith in the description of Britain herevnto annexed ye shall fynde it sufficiently declared But now to our purpose Bale Bergion brother to Albion â–ª As Albion held Britayn in subiection so his brother Bergion kepte Irelande and the Orkeneys vnder his rule and dominion Hercules Lybicus and hearing that their cousin Herrucules Libicus hauing finished his Conquestes in Spayn ment to passe through Gallia into Italye against their brother Lestrigo that oppressed Italy vnder subiection of him and other of his brethren the sons also of Neptune as well Albion as Bergion assembling their powers togither passed ouer into Gallia to stoppe the passage of Hercules whose intention was to vanquishe and destroy those tyrantes the sonnes of Neptune and their complices that kepte dyuerse countreys and regions vnder the paynefull yoke of their heauie thraldome The cause that moued Hercules thus to pursue vpon those tyrantes nowe reignyng thus in the world The cause vvhy Hercules pursued his cousins was for that not long before the greatest part of them had conspired together slayne his father Osyris notwithstanding that they were nephues to the same Osyris as sonnes to his brother Neptune and not contented with his slaughter they deuided hys carcasse also among them so that eche of them got a peece in token of reioycing at their murderous atchieued enterprise For this cause Hercules whonie Moyses calleth Laabin proclaymeth warres agaynst them al in reueÌ„ge of his fathers death first he killeth Tryphon and Busyris in Egypt then Anteus in Mauritania the Gerions in Spayne whiche enterprise atchieued he led his army towards Italy and by the waye passeth through a part of Gallia Pomp. Mola where Albion and Bergion hauing vnited theyr powers togither were ready to receyue him with bataile and so nere to the mouth of the riuer called Rhosne in latin Rhodanus they met and fought At the first there was a right terrible and cruell conflicte betwixte them And albeit that Hercules hadde the greatest number of menne yet was it verye doubtefull a greate whyle to whether parte the glorye of that dayes worke would bend whervpon when the victorie beganne outrighte to turne vnto Albion and to his brother Bergion Hercules perceyuing the daunger and likelyhode of vtter losse of that battayle specially for that his men had wasted their weapons he caused those that stood stil and were not otherwyse occupied to stoupe down and to gather vp stones Hercules discomfiyeth his enimyes wherof in that place there was great plentie whyche by his commaundemente they bestowed so freely vpon theyr enimies that in the ende hee obteyned the victorie and dyd not only put his aduersaries to flighte but also slew Albion there in the fielde Albion is slayn together with his brother Bergion and the moste parte of all theyr whole armie This was the ende of Albion and his brother Bergion by the valiant prowes of Hercules who as one appointed by the prouidence of GOD to subdue the cruell and vnmercifull tyrants spent his tyme to the benefite of mankynde deliuering the oppressed from the heauie yoke of myserable thraldome in euery place where he came And by the order of this battayle wee maye learne whereof the Poets hadde their inuention The occasion of the fable of Iupiters helping his sonne Hercules when they fayne in their writings that Iupiter holpe his sonne Hercules by throwyng downe stones from heauen in this battayle agaynst Albion and Bergion Moreouer fro heÌ„ceforth was this Isle of Britayn called Albion Hovve this Isle vvas called Albion of the giaunt Albion as before we haue sayde after the name of the sayde Albion bicause he was established chief ruler and kyng thereof bothe by his grandfather Osyris and his father Neptune that cunning saylour Bale reigning therein as Bale sayth by the space of .xliiij. yeares till finally he was slayne in manner afore remembred by his vncle Hercules Lybicus After that Hercules had thus vanquished and destroyed his enimies hee passed to and fro thorough Gallia suppressing the tyrantes in euerye part where he came and restoring the people vnto a reasonable kynde of libertie vnder lawfull gouernours and as we fynde he buylded the citie of Alexia in Burgongne nowe called Alize Moreouer by Lilius Giraldus in the lyfe of Hercules it is auouched that the same Hercules came ouer hither into Britayne And this dothe Giraldus write by warraunt of suche Brytons as sayth he haue so written themselues which thing peraduenture he hath redde in Gildas the auncient Bryton poet Whiche booke he confesseth in the .v. Dialogue of his histories of Poets that he hath seen The same thing also is confirmed by the name of an head of land in Britayn called Promontorium Herculis as in Ptolomie ye may reade whiche is thought to take name of his arriual at that place Thvs much for Albion and Hercules But nowe where as it is not denyed of anye Dyuers opâ—…ons vvhy I le vvas calâ—… Albion that this I le was called aunciently by the name of Albion yet there be dyuers opinyons how it came by that name for many doe not allow of this historie of Albion the Giannte But for so muche as it appertayneth rather to the description than to the Hystorie of this Isle See 〈…〉 of in the description to rippe vp and lay foorth the secrete mysteries of such matters and bicause I think that this opinion which is heere auouched howe it tooke that name of the foresayd Albion sonne to Neptune may be confirmed with as good authoritie as some of the other I here passe ouer the reste and thus proceede with the historie When Albion chiefe Capitayn of the Gyants was slayn the residue that remayned at home in the Isle continued without any rule or restraint of lawe in so muche that they fell to such a dissolute order of lyfe that they seemed little or nothing to differ from brute beastes those are they which our auncient Chronicles call the Giants who were so named as well of
now there is good occasion to warne you to beware This enimie is more cruell than all other enimyes Hee assayleth at vnwares hee escapeth foreseeing the daunger aforehande he despyseth those that stand agaynst him he throweth downe the vnware if he be followed he shappeth them vp that pursue him if he flee he escapeth Of like effect for proufe hereof be those verses which he wrote vnto Maiorianus in his Panegerike Oration Foe Maria intraui duce te longeque remotâ—â— Sole sub occiduo gentes victricia Casar Signa Calidonios transuexit ad vsque Britaâ—…nes Fuderet quanquaÌ„ ScotuÌ„ cuÌ„ Saxonâ—… PictuÌ„ Hostâ—…s quaesiuit enim queÌ„ iam naturae vetaâ—…at Quaerere plus homines Which is Englished thus So many seas I entred haue and nations farre by west By thy conduct and Caesar hath his banners borne full prest Vnto the furthest Brytish coast where Calidonians dwell The Scot and Pict with Saxons eke though he subdued fell Yet would he seeke enmies vnknowne whom nature had forbid c. Thus farre haue we thought good to gather out of the Romaine and other wryters that yee might perceyue the state of Brytayne the better in that time of the decay of the Romain Empire and that ye might haue occasion to marke by the way how not only the Scots but also the Saxons had attempted to inuade the Brytaines before any mention is made of the same theyr attempts by the Brytish and English wryters But whether the Scottes had any habitation within the boundes of Brytaine til the time supposed by the Brytaine wryters wee leaue that poynt to the iudgement of others that be trauayled in the search of suche antiquities onely admonishing you that in the Scottishe Chronicle you shall finde the opinion whiche their writers haue conceyued of this matter and also manye things touching the actes of the Romaines done agaynst diuerse of the Brytayns which they presume to be done against their nation though shadowed vnder the generall name of Brytaines or of other particular names at this day to most meÌ„ vnknowne But whensoeuer the Scottes came into this I le they made the thirde nation that inhabited the same coÌ„ming first out of Scithia or rather out of Spaine as some suppose into Irelande Polidor and from thence into Brytayne next after the Pictes though their wryters fetche a farre more ancient beginning as in their Chronicle at large appeareth referring them to the reading thereof that desire to vnderstande that matter as they set it forth But now to returne where we left touching the succession of the Brytish kings as their Hystories make mention thus we finde though carying great suspition withall as some thinke Constantinus Then went hee forth with them The 〈…〉 the Scoâ—â— and gaue battaile to the enimies whom he vanquished and slue that tyraÌ„t king Guanius there in the field as some bookes haue But this agreeth not with the Scottish writers the which affyrme that they got the field but yet lost their king named Dongarde as in theyr Hystorie ye may reade But to proceed as our writers report the matter When the Britains had thus ouercome their enimies they conueyed their captaine the sayde Constantine vnto Cicester and there in fulfilling their promise and couenant made to his brother crowned him K. of great Britain in the yeare of our lord .433 which was about the .v. yeare of the Emperor Valentinianus the second 435. hath Mat. West third yere of Clodius K. of y e FraÌ„kners after called FrenchmeÌ„ which theÌ„ began to settle theÌ„selues in Gallia wherby the name of that cuntry was afterwards changed called France CoÌ„stantine being thus established king ruled the land wel nobly defended it froÌ„ all inuasioÌ„ of enimies during his life He begat of his wife three sonnes as the British Historie affyrmeth Constantius Aurelius Ambrosius and Vter surnamed Pendragon The eldest bycause bee perceyued him to bee but dull of witte and not verie towarde he made a Monke placing him within the Abbay of Amphibalus in Winchester The same Constantine as wryters recorde going ouer into Gallia adourned his sonne Constantius with the tytle and dignitie of Cesar the which before was a Monke and finally as well the one as the other were slain the father at Arles by Earle Constantius that was sent against him by the Emperor Honorius and the sonne at Vienna as before ye haue heard by one of his owne Court cleped Gerontius as in the Italian Hystorie ye may see more at large 415 This chaunced about the yeare of our lord .415 This haue wee thought good to repeate in this place for that some maye suppose that thys Constantine is the same whom our writers take to be the brother of Aldroenus king of little Brytayneâ—… as the circumstaunce of the time and other things to be coÌ„sidered may giue theÌ„ occasion to thinke for that there is not so much credit to be yelded to theÌ„ that haue writen the Brytish hystories but that in some part men may with iust cause doubt of sundrye matters conteyned in the same therfore haue we in this boke bin the more diligent to shewe what the Romaine and other forreyne wryters haue regystred in their bookes of hystories touching the affayres of Brytain that the reader may bee the better satisfied in the truth But now to returne to the sequele of the Hystorie as we finde the same wrytten by the Brytish Chronicles After that Constantine was murthered as before ye haue heard one Vortigerus This Vortigern was duke of the Geuisses and Cornwall as Rad. Cestr reporteth Galf. Mon. or Vortigernus a man of great authoritie amongs the Bryteynes wrought so with the residue of the Brytish nobilitie that Constantius the eldest sonne of their king the foreremembred Constantine was taken out of the Abbey of Winchester where hee remayned and was streyght wayes created king as lawfull inheritor to his father Ye haue heard howe Constantius was made a Monke in his fathers lyfe time bycause he was thought to be too soft and childish in wit to haue any publike rule committed to his handes but for that cause specially did Vorteger seeke to aduaunce him to the ende that the King beeing not able to gouerne of himselfe he might haue the chiefest sway and so rule all things as it were vnder him preparing thereby a way for hymselfe to attayne at length to the Kingdome as by that which followed was more apparauntly perceyued Constantius Then caused he all the residue of the Scottes and Pictes to bee apprehended The subtile dealing of Vortigerne and as it had beene vpon a zeale to see the death of Constantius seuerely punished he framed such inditements and accusations agaynst them that chiefely by his meanes as appeared the guyltlesse persons were condemned and hanged the multitude of the Brytishe people beeing wonderfully pleased therewith giuing great coÌ„mendations to Vortigerne for that deede Thus Constantius was made
vnto Duke Edelred who left a notable example behinde hir of despising fleshely pleasure for bearing hir husbande one chylde and fore handeled before she coulde be delyuered she euer after forbare to companie with hir husbande saying that it was 〈…〉 such plesure which therwith would bring so great 〈◊〉 The notable saying of Elfleda To speake sufficiently of the worthie prayse due to so noble â—… prince as Alured was might require eloquence learning and a large voliant He was of 〈…〉 and beautifull 〈◊〉 beloued of his father and mother than his other brethren And although he was as before is â—â—uched VV. Malms greatly 〈◊〉 with the inuasion of foreyn enimies yet did he both 〈◊〉 from time to tyme indeuour himselfe 〈◊〉 repulse them and also atteÌ„pted to see his subiectes gouerned in good and vpright iustice King Alured his â—…avves And 〈◊〉 that good lawes amongest the clinking 〈◊〉 of armour are oftentymes put to silence yet he perceiuing how his people were greued with theeues and robbers whiche in tyme of warre grew and increased deuised good statutes and holsome ordinantes for punyshing of 〈◊〉 offenders Amongest other thinges he ordeyned that the countreys should be deuided into hundreds and tythings that is to wit quarters conteyning a certayne number of towneships adioyning togither so that euery Englisheman liuing vnder prescripte of lawes should haue both his hundred and tithing that if any man were accused of any offence he shoulde fynde suretie for his good demeanour and if he coulde not fynde suche as woulde answere for him then shoulde hee taste extremitie of the lawes And if any manne that was guiltie fled before hee founde suretie or after all the inhabitants of the hundred or tithing where he dwelte shoulde be put to their fyne By this deuise 〈◊〉 brought his countrey into good tranquillitie so that he caused bracelets of golâ—â— to be hanged vp alofte on hilles where any common 〈◊〉 to see if any durst be so 〈◊〉 to take them away by stealth He was a liberale Prince namely 〈◊〉 relâ—…euing of the poore To churches 〈…〉 suche priuiledges as his father had 〈◊〉 â—â—fore him and he also sent 〈…〉 by waye of deuotion vnto Rome and to the bodie of Saint Thomas in Indiâ—… Sigâ—…elmus the bishop of Shirborne 〈◊〉 the same brought 〈…〉 richest ones and swete or 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 From Rome also he broughte 〈◊〉 of the holy crosse whiche Pope Mariâ—â—s did send for a present vnto king Alured Moreouer king Allured founded three 〈◊〉 Monasteries 〈◊〉 at Edlingsey Foundationâ—… of monasteries where he liued sometyme when the 〈◊〉 had bereaued hym 〈◊〉 of all his kyngdome whiche was after called Athelney distant from Taunâ—â—n in Somersetshire about fiue myles the seconde he builded at Winchester called the 〈…〉 and the thirde at Shaftsbury whiche man aâ—… house of Nunnes where he made his daughter Ethelgâ—…ra or Elgiua Abbesse But the foundation of the vniuersitie of Oxford passed all the residue of his buyldings whiche he began by the good exhortation and aduise of Neotus aâ—… Abbotie in those days highly estemed for his vertue and lerning with Alured King Alured was learned himselfe and giuen muche to studie in so muche that beside dyuers good lawes whiche he translated into the english â—…oung gathered togither and published he also translated diuers other bookes out of Latin into english as Orosius Pastorale Gregorij Beda de gestis AngloruÌ„ Boetius de consolatione Philosophiae and the booke of Psalms but this he finished not being preuented by death So this worthie Prince minding wel toward the common wealth of his people in that season when learning was little esteemed amongest the Weast nations dyd studie by all meanes possible The vertuous â—…ele of Alured to bring his people to an honest trade of lyfe to instructe his subiectes in the trade of leadyng an honest lyfe and to encourage them generally to imbrace learnyng He woulde not suffer any to be are office in the Courte excepte hee were learned and yet hee hymselfe was twelue yeares of age before hee coulde reade a worde on the booke He is persvvaded by his mother to applye himself to lerning and was then trayned by his mothers perswasion to applye hymselfe to study promising to gyue hym a goodly fayre booke whyche she had in hir handes if he wold shortly lerne to reade it Herevpon going to his booke in sporte he so earnestly sette his mynd thereto that within a small tyme hee profited maruellously and became suche a fauourer of learned men that he delyghted most in their companie to haue confâ—…rence wyth them and allured dyuers to come vnto hym out of other countreyes Asserius Meneuens VVerefridus as Asserius Meneuens bishop of Shirborne and Werefridus the byshop of Worcester who by his commaundemente translated the Bookes of Gregories Dialogues into Englishe Iohn Scot. Also Iohn Scot whyche whyles hee was in Fraunce translated the booke of Dionysius Artopagita entituled Hierarchiâ—… out of Greeke into Latin and after was Scholemaister in the Abbey of Malmesburye and there murthered by his Schollers with penkniues hee had dyuers other aboute him bothe Englishmenne and straungers as Pleymonde whyche afterwarde was made Archebishoppe of Canterbury Grimbalde Grimbalde whome he appointed gouernour of the newe Monasterie at Winchester with other But to conclude with this noble Prince king Alvred Alured deuided the tyme for his necessarie vses hee was so carefull in his office that hee deuided the .xxiiij. houres which contayn the day and night in three partes so that eight houres he spent in writing reding and making his praiers other eight hee employed in relieuing his bodye with meate drinke and slepe and the other .viij. he bestowed in dispatching of businesse coÌ„cerning the gouernment of the realme He had in his chapell a candell of .24 partes whereof euery one lasted an houre So that the Sexton to whome that charge was committed by burning of that candell warned the king euer how the time passed away A little before his death hee ordeined his last wil and testament His last vvyll and testament bequeathing halfe the portion of all his goodes iustly gotten vnto such Monasteries as he had founded All his rents and reuenues he deuided into two equall partes and the first part he deuided into three bestowing the first vpon his seruants of housholde the seconde to suche laborers and workmen as he kept in his workes of sundrie newe buyldings the thyrde part he gaue to strangers The second whole part of his reuenues was so diuided that the first portion thereof was bestowed amongest the poore people of his countrey the seconde to Monasteries the thirde to the findyng of poore schollers and the .iiij. part to Churches beyonde the sea he was diligent in the enquirie how the Iudges of his land behaued themselues in their iudgemeÌ„ts and was a sharpe correcter of them which transgressed in that behalfe To be brief he liued
DESCRIPTION OF Scotlande written at the first by Hector Boethus in Latin and afterwarde translated into the Scottish speech by Iohn Bellendon Archdeacon of Murrey and now finally into English for the benefite of such as are studious in the Histories by W.H. The Contents of the Chapters conteyned in this Booke 1 OF the boundes of Albion with the sundrie commodities thereof and of the great infirmities that fall vnto the people there for their intemperancie and finally of the religion vsed there in olde tyme. 2 The description of the East VVest and middle borders of Scotlande with the most notable townes and floudes thereof 3 The description of Galloway Kile Carricke and Cunningham with the notable townes lakes and riuers in the same 4 The situation of Renfrew Cliddesdale Lennox Lowmund Argile Louchquaber Lorne and Kentire with all the notable things conteyned in the same 5 Of Ros Stranauerne and Murray lande with such Lakes and Riuers as are to be touched there 6 Of Boene Anze Buquhane Mar Mernes Fiffe and Angus with the Lakes Flouddes Abbeyes Townes and other notable commodities there to be seene and founde 7 Of Louthian Striuelin Menteith Calidon wood Bowgewall Gareoth with the notable Cities Castels and Flouds thereof 8 Of the greate plentie of Hares Hartes and other wilde beastes in Scotland also of the straunge nature of sundrie Scottish dogges and of the nature of Salmon 9 Of the sundrie kindes of Muskels and Cockles in Scotlande and Perles gotten in the same Of vncouth and strange fishe there to be seene and of the nature of the herbe Citisus commonly called Hadder 10 Of the Iles of Scotlande and such notable things as are to be found in them 11 Of the nature of their Claike Geese and diuerse maner of their procreation and of the Isle of Thule 12 The description of Orkenay and Shetlande with sundrie other small Isles and of the maners and conditions of the people dwelling in the same 13 Of the maners of the Scottes in these dayes and their comparison with the behauiour of the olde and such as liued long since within this Ilande 14 The description of an auncient Pict and such as dwelled beyond the wall of Hadrian 15 Of Bishoprikes Vniuersities and Counties in Scotland TO THE RIGHT VVORSHIPFVL Maister Thomas Secford Esquier and Maister of the Requestes William Harison vvisheth all knovvledge of God with dayly increase of his giftes at this present and in the worlde to come life euerlasting HAuing by your singular curtesie receyued great helpe in my description of the riuers and streames of Britain and by conference of my trauaile vvith the platformes of those fevv shires of England vvhich are by your infinite charges alreadie finished as the rest shall be in time by Gods helpe for the inestimable benefite of suche as inhabite this Ilande not a little pullished those rough courses of diuerse vvaters not exactly before time described by Leland our Countreyman or any auncient vvriter I coulde not deuise anye thing more agreable vvith mine abilitie your good nature vvhich greatly fauoureth anye thing that is done for a commoditie vnto many than to shevv some token of my thankefulnesse for these your manifold kindnesses by the dedication of my simple translation of the description of Scotland at this tyme vnto your vvorship In deede the trauaile taken herein is not great bycause I tie not my translation vnto his letter neither the treatise of it selfe such as taketh vp any huge rovvme in the volume of this Chronicle But such as it is vvhat soeuer it is I yeeld it vvholy vnto you as a testimonie of my good vvill vvhich detesteth vtterly to receyue any benefit though it be neuer so smal and not to be thankfull for it Certes my vocation is such as calleth me to a farre other kind of studie so that I exercise these things onely for recreation sake and to say the truth it is muche vnsitting for him that professeth Diuinitie to applie his time any other vvise vnto contemplation of ciuill Histories And this is the cause vvherfore I haue chosen rather onely vvith the losse of three or foure dayes to translate Hector out of the Scottish a tongue verie like vnto ours than vvith more expence of time to diuise a nevve or follovv the Latin copie vvhich is farre more large and copious Hovv excellently if you consider the arte Boethus hath penned it and the rest of his Historie in the Latin the skilfull are not ignorant but hovv profitably and compendiously Iohn Bellendon Archdeacon of Murrey his interpretour hath turned him from the Latin into the Scottish tongue there are verie fevve English men that knovv bycause vve want the bookes VVherefore sith the learned reade him in his ovvne stile and his Countreymen in their naturall language vvhy should not vve borovv his description and read the same in English likevvise sith the knovvledge thereof may redounde to the great benefit of so many as heare or read the same Accept therefore right vvorshipfull this my simple offer and although I assure my selfe your naturall inclination to be such as that it vvill take nothing in ill part that is vvell meant tovvard you hovve rudely soeuer it bee handled in the doing yet I vvill not let to craue pardon for my presumption in that I dare be so bold as to offer such a trifle vnto you whom more vveightie affayres doe dayly call from things of so small importaunce Almightie God keepe your vvorship from time to time in his feare and blesse you and my good Ladie your vvife vvith such increase of his benefites as may most redounde to his glorie and your ovvne aduauntage ¶ The boundes of Albion with the sundry commodities thereof and of the great infirmities that fall vnto the people there for their intemperancy and finally of the Religion vsed there in old tyme. Chap. 1. THe I le of Albion contayneth in the whole circuÌ„ference two thousande myles hauing in length 700. and in breadth 300. as appeareth well by the coast therof that lieth ouer agaynst Fraunce where it is broadest and from whence it gathereth narrower and narrower till it come to the vtter Marches last boundes of England and Scotland For betwixte the Mâ—…le of Galloway that is on the west side ouer against the Irish seas and Saint Ebbes head that lieth vpon the Germaine Ocean towarde the east are scarcely 130. myles and thenceforth it groweth smaller and smaller till it touch vpoÌ„ the North seas where it is not aboue 30. miles as I noted before in the descriptioÌ„ of Brytaine This I le is replenished with people horses and all other kindes of cattell and corne in moste aboundant maner except it be in suche places where as God of his singular goodnesse 〈◊〉 otherwise indued the soyle with ritche mynes of Gold Siluer Tinne Brasse Copper quicksiluer whiche for the most parte are so plentiful that they suffise not onely for the necessaries of the whole Iland but also
the other ende is fastned to a great ancre whiche is let fall of purpose into the sea and thus is their enterprise attempted ere long to be atchieued For after this wounde it is not long ere the fishe awaketh who feeling hir selfe to be hurt leapeth at once into the sea thinking to hide and shrowde hir in the deepes but being stayed by the weight of the ancre and indeuouring in vayne to breake the cable she laboureth so vehemently that at the last she windeth hirselfe out of hir skinne for the which she is commonly taken and soone after also turneth vp hir belly yeelding hir life vnto the waues and hyr body to the Mariners who make an excellent oyle of hir greace and passing strōg cables of hir hide or skinne Certes such is the force of Rope made of the skinne of this fishe that they will holde at a plunge no lesse than the Spanishe Sparto Herein also they exceede y e same in that they will continue very long without fretting asunder An hundred miles beyond the Orchades are the Schetland Iles whose chiefe commodities stande onely by fish which is dried in the sunne There are brought also into Scotland out of these Ilandes great store of Sheepes felles oxe hides Goate skins cases of Martirnes dryed in the sunne And in the same maner the Marchaunts of Hollande Zeelande and Germany fetch them yearely by barter and exchaunge for other common and necessary wares with the people of that nation who for maners and conditions resemble much the Orchanois The same in like sorte that is sayde of the Orchanoys concerning drunkennesse and frenesy is verified on them as is also their length of lyfe although not in so rare maner Sith these in steede of strong Ale content themselues with water and very slender diet Beyōd the Sche◅landes there are diuers other Ilandes of lyke condition but without corne and all maner of fleshe to feede vpon These dry their fishe at the Sunne and when they are thorowe stiffe they grinde them to smal powder which they worke vp with water into loaues and so vse the same in lieu of other bread Theyr firing consisteth of the boanes of suche fishes as they take and yet they content themselues in suche maner with this their poore kinde of lyueloode that they shinke their estate most happy in respect of such as inhabite in the Maine Certes there is no quareelling amongst these for wealth or gaine but eche one prouideth suche store of fishe in Somer whiche he taketh himselfe as shall finde his family or keepe his house in winter They are voyde of all ambitious m◅de neuer troubled with ciuile or forren wardes as men that deeme firme peace and quitenesse with mutuall loue and amity to be the chiefe felicity to be sought for in this life and to remaine herein ech one to his power dothe shewe his whole indeuour This finally is to be added vnto their cōmendation that they are simple playne voyde of crafte and all maner of Serpentine suttlety whiche endeth commonly with mischiefe and reigneth in the Maine Once in the yeare there commeth a Priest vnto them from Orkenay of whiche Diocesse they are who ministreth vnto them the Sacrament of Baptisme and after a certayne tyme hauing taken vp in the meane time his Tithes in fishe whiche is their sole increase and very truly payde he returneth home againe the same way that he came If any giftes of nature are to be numbred as parcelles of worldly riches and renowne they are not without these also for the people of these Iles are lusty fayre strong of body and highe of stature so y e nature hath not fayled to indue them with these things and that in most excellent maner What should I say of their helth whiche is and may be preferred aboue all treasure as they well know that are oppressed with long and grieuous infirmities for here among these men you shall very seldome heare of sicknesse to attache any vntill extreame age come that killeth them altogither and this is that exceeding benefit naturally appropried vnto their rareases As for their quietnesse of minde it is alwayes suche as is constant vnchaungeable and therefore incomparable vnto any riches or huge masse of worldly treasure Herevnto furthermore if it be true riches as it is in deede for ech one not to couet other mēs gooddes but to content himself with that which is his owne and not to stande in neede of any thing can any men be founde in any other region more riche and fortunate than the Shetland men and these Ilanders Finally if those be the true honors and reuerent dueties whiche the obedient sonne with greate sincerity and voyde of all flattery doth shewe vnto his good parents and wherewithall the best sort do meruaylously reioyce and delite themselues that these are also not wanting in these regions can we iustly say that these mē do lacke any thing or shall we not rather affirme with great assurance that they rather stand in neede of nothing that any mortal man can iustly wish or desire◅ But if there be any man that will accuse me of vntruth in the recitall of these things as one that lieth lowde and by authoritie of a people dwelling far off for so much as I my selfe was neuer in those Ilandes he shal vnderstand that I learned all these things of the reuerent father Edward Bishop of the Orchades with whom one of these Ilanders dwelled who not onely made a like rehearsall of these things with his owne mouth but also verified the same in his owne person for his height farre passed the cōmon stature of men thereto he was excellently well featured in his limmes so white of skinne ouer all that he might contend in beauty with any lady of the lande finally so wight strōg of body that no man in all those quarters durst rūne or wrestle with him Hereby also we may see how far they are deceyued whiche iudge thē to be barbarous miserable creatures that inhabite far from the Tropike lines for there are no people more happy than those that dwell in these quarters as I haue proued already See Matthiolus vpon the first booke of Dioscorides capite de populo alba nigra Furthermore among the rockes cragges of these Iles groweth the delectable Amber called Electrum Chrysolectrū or as Dioscorides hath Pterygophoron indued with so vehemēt an attractiue force y t being chafed it draweth straw floxe and other like light matter vnto it This gumme is ingendred of the sea froth whiche is throwen vp by continuall repercussion of crags rockes against the sea walles through perpetual working of y e waues groweth in time to become tough as glew til it fall at y e last from y e rocke againe into the sea Suche as haue often viewed marked the generation of this gūme whilest it hāgeth on y e rocke affirme it to be like a froth
he certaine yeares in such loue of all the estates of the realme that afterwards when his Nephewe Ferlegus the eldest sonne of king Ferguse beyng nowe come to full age through instigation of some insolent persons and such as by alteration hoped for aduauncement required contrary to the ordinance before established to haue of him the crowne the mater was taken in such ill part that where before the same Ferlegus was highly beloued and honored of all the people they were now ready if Feritharis had not with authoritie and gentle perswasions stayed them to haue torne him all to peeces but although their rage was somwhat appeased by Feritharis as is sayd yet woulde they not be pacified thorowly till that all such as had bene of councell with him in that practise had suffred death and new gouernours appointed to haue the ouersight of him Feritharis lyued not passing a three moneths after this businesse but died sodenly in the night the trueth not beyng knowen whether by naturall death Feritharis suddainly died or through treasoâ—… of Ferlegus and certaine of his complices whereof there was no small suspition for that he togither with them found meanes to flee first to the Pictes and after to the Brytaines Ferlegus exiled â–ª where he passed the residue of his lyfe in great shame and ignominie An election of a new king Feritharis beyng thus dead in the .xv. yeare of his reygne the Nobles assembled togither for the election of a new king and in the end they agreed vpon Mainus the yonger sonne of king Ferguse as then beyng about .xxiiij. yeares of age In witnesse of the thing there remayneth â—…nto this day certaine of those greate stones standing rounde ringwise which places are called by the coÌ„mon people the old chapels of the Gods A maÌ„ wold maruel by what shift policy or streÌ„gth such mightie stones were raysed in that maner Amongst other the Goddes also Diana honored of the Scots whiche the Scottishmen had in most reuerence Diana was chiefe whom they accompted as their peculiar patronesse for that she was taken to be the Goddesse of hunting Diana Goddesse of hunting wherein consisted their chiefest exercise pastime and delite Vnto hyr therefore he instituted monethly sacrifice by reason wherof this vse was takeÌ„ vp that so soone as any of them gâ—…t sight of the new Moone nexte after hyr chaunge he saluted hyr with certaine prayers or salutations most reuerently Whiche custome endured amongst them many hundred yeares after A liuing prouided for the priests Mainus did also appoint foorth liuings for the Priests to be taken of suche sacrifice as was offered vp to the Goddes Finally when he had thus instructed his people in lawes and ordinances aswel touching the religious seruice of the Goddes as also for politike gouernment of his countrey he ended his life after he had raigned about .xxix. yeares leauing the estate to his sonne Doruadille Elidurus raygning the same time in Brytaine and Thaara amongst the Pictes He set all his pleasure on Hunting and keeping of houndes and greyhoundes Doruadill had pleasure in hunting ordayning that euery householder shoulde finde him twoo houndes and one greyhounde If a hunter chaunced in following the game to lose an eye or a limme so that he were not able to helpe himselfe after that time he made a statute that he should be found of the common treasory The reward for killing of a Wolfe He that killed a Wolf should haue an oxe for his paines This beast in deede the Scottish men euen from the beginning vsed to pursue in al they might deuise bicause the same is suche an enimie to cattayle wherein consisted the chiefest portion of all their wealth and substance Thus the Scottish men in this season setting all their delite on hunting began also to vse lawes and statutes in processe of time concerning the same Lawes made for hunting And first it was ordeyned that he whose dogge did teyse go through to the end of the course with y e Deare so that he were seene to be at the fall should haue the skinne the head and the hornes to remayne to him whose dogge did best next The bodie being drest and broken vp shoulde be distributed at the pleasure and discretion of the Maister of the game The bowels and paunche were cast to the dogges as the case required The dogges rewarded And if there rose any doubte in any of these points they should choose by common consent a iudge to determine of the matter But whether these deuices were lawes made by the kyng as then for the further aduancement of his pleasure or rather customes growen and ratified by long and continual vse I can not tel but certaine it is they were obserued through all the Scottish regioÌ„s as hauing the force of lawes and so are vsed euen vnto these dayes Beside these ordinaunces for hunting Old lawes allowed newâ—… established Doruadille commaunded also that all such statutes as Ferguse had made shoulde be kept and obserued wherevnto he added certaine new namely diuers sortes of punishments for sundrie kindes of transgressions according to the qualities of the same whiche hee caused to be ingrossed in bookes of recorde and committed to the custodie of a graue counsellour who by a common consent should haue the interpretatioÌ„ of those lawes if any doubt arose and that when any offender should come before the iudge heare the sentence redde by him the same offender might vnderstaÌ„d that he receyued nothing but right at the iudges handes by reason whereof it came to passe that such offenders without repining willingly were contented to suffer any punishment what soeuer it was that the law did so appoynt them This custome grewe into suche force that it neuer might yet be abrogated amongst them of the westerne Isles but that euen vnto this day they haue theyr Lawiers amongst them without whose denunciation or decree taken out of the register no iudgement is reputed lawfull These were the actes and doyngs of kyng Doruadile who in the .xxviij. yeare of his raigne departed this world at Berigonium now called Dounstafage leauing behind him a sonne called Reuther as yet not of sufficient age to succeede in the estate Nothatus By reason whereof Nothatus the brother of Doruadille a man of comely personage and witte apte as was thought to haue a Realme in gouernaunce was crowned king by force of the law aboue remeÌ„bred debarring childreÌ„ vnder age to inherit in successioÌ„ of y e crowne Nâ—â—â—â—tis Amongst other one Ferquhard the sonne in law of Nothatus gouernour of Lorne Cantyr called an assemblie of the people A conspiracie of Ferquhard against Doualus and beganne to declare what enormities were like to ensue thorow this tirannicall attempt of Doualus Ferquhart fled into Ila Doualus hearing whereaboute Ferquhart went hastly came to the place where this assemble was made there slaying diuers of the chiefe
this life in the .iiij. yere of his reigne and after the incarnation 688. After Eugenius the .v. succeeded Eugenius the .vj. who was the sonne of Ferquhard Eugenius the sixt succeedeth Eugenius the fifth and by perswasion of Bishop Adannan with whom he was brought vp and of S. Cutbert hee entred into league with the Northumberland meÌ„ A league betweene the Scots Northumberland men but he would at no hande ioyne in amitie with the Pictes notwithstanding hee was contented to take truce with them But when hee sawe the same oftentimes by them violated and broken to the great perill domage hinderaÌ„ce of his subiectes he caused the warre to be proclaymed Truce taken with the Picts and sent them his defiaunce by an Herald Howbeit through the earnest prayers as is supposed of the twoo bishops Cutbert and Adannan who had laboured earnestly to haue brought those people to a quietnesse this warre continued without any notable encouÌ„ter Warre without any notable encouÌ„ter The death of Eugenius the 〈◊〉 697. saue only by light incursions wherein no great bloudshed chaunced euen vnto the death of Eugenius whiche fell in the yeare of our Lord. 697. 697. and in the .x. yeare of his owne reigne He was buried togither with the other Eugenius that lastly reygned afore him in the I le of Colmekill amongst theyr predecessours Wonderfull visions seene Many wonderfull visions were seene that yeare in Albion as the Scottishe chronicles make mention In the riuer of Humber there appeared in the sight of a great multitude of meÌ„ a number of shippes vnder sayle as though they had bene furnished foorth for the warres In the Churche at Camelon there was heard a noyse as it had bene the clattering of armure Milke was turned into bloud in diuers places in Pictland and cheese conuerted into a bloudie masse or cake Corne as it was gathered in the haruest time appeared bloudie In the furthermost partes of Scotland it rayned bloud These sightes being seene of some declared to other caused a wonderfull feare in the peoples harts imagining some great alteration to ensue THe Lordes peeres of the land not greatly lamenting the death of suche a monstrous person Eugenius bicause the army for want of a gouernour should not fall into any dauÌ„nger they elected Eugenius the seueÌ„th Eugenius the seuenth is elected king of Scottes being the brother of the late foresayde Ambirkeleth to succeede as King in the gouernment of the Realme a Prince of right comely port and personage neyther destitute of honourable qualityes and good disposition of mynde Being once proclaymed king he caused general musters to be takeÌ„ of the whole armie and perceyuing by suruey thereof that he was not able to match with his enimyes A peace concluded he founde meanes to conclude a peace with the Pictishe king pledges being deliuered on eyther side for redresse to be had of al wrongs and iniuries that had bene committed betwixt them The Pictes returning home and the Scottishe armie dissolued Eugenius with the moste parte of the Nobilitie went into Argyle where hee receyued hys inuesture of the Kingdome sitting vppon the stone of Marble The king is crowned according to the maner But Eugenius being thus cleared of all former suspition minded to haue bene reuenged on those y t had falsly accused him An example of a good prince Howbeit through the godly admonishments of that reuerend father Adannan he qualified his displeasure After this giuing his minde to the aduauncement of Religion and polytike gouernment of his subiectes he ordeyned that the Hystories of hys auncestours shoulde be written in bookes and volumes The king causeth his ancestours hystories to be written that posteritie might haue to reade the same for ensample sake These monumentes he also appoynted to bee kept and reserued in the Abbay of Iona nowe called Colmekill for a perpetuall memorie and suche as shoulde write the same to remaine and haue liuings there in the Abbey Moreouer suche spirituall promotions as he perceyued to bee too meane and slender for the maintenance of the minister that should serue the cure he caused to be augmented in suche wise as was thought sufficient Hee concluded a league with the Saxons and Pictes and obserued the same during his lyfe Eugenius the seuenth departeth out of this life whiche hee ended at Aberneâ—…hy when he had raigned about .xvij. yeares whereof the last fell in the yeare after the incarnation of our Sauiour .717 716. H. B. indictione .15 Hys death was greatly lamented both of his Lordes and Commons as they that intierly loued him for his noble and moste princely qualities This Mordack was the nephew of Eugenius the vij by his brother Ambirkeleth and euen as he was knowne to be of a gentle meke and liberal nature before his aduauncement to the crowne so hee shewed himselfe to be the verie same man during the whole course of all his naturall lyfe after hee had atteyned to the same Aboue all things he wished a generall peace to continue amongest all the Princes of Albion A louer of peace and therevpon for his part establishing a peace with the Pictes Brytaynes and all the English Kings hee firmely kept euerie article therein conteyned In those dayes as Saint Bede doth testifie foure seuerall people liued in peace and quietnesse within the boundes of Albion Peace through out al the land of Albion though differing in maners language lawes and ordinances Saxons whom he called English men Britaynes Scottes and Pictes The testimonie of Bede His wordes are these The Nation of the Pictes at this tyme is in league with the Englishe men and gladly is partaker of the vniuersall peace and veritie with the Catholike Churche Those Scottes which inhabite Brytayne contenting themselues with their owne boundes goe aboute to practise no deceytefull traynes nor fraudulent deuices agaynste the Englishe men The Brytaynes though for the moste parte through a familyar hatred doe impugne the Englishe Nation and the state of the whole Catholyke Church obseruing not ryghtly the feast of Easter besydes other naughtie vsages yet both the diuine power and humane force vtterly resysting them they are not able in neyther behalfe to attayne to theyr purposed intentions As they which though partlye free yet in some behalfe are thrall and mancipate to the subiection of the English men whiche Englishe men nowe in acceptable peace and quietnesse of tyme many amongst them of Northumberlande as well of the Nobilitie as other laying away armour and weapon apply themselues to the reading of holy Scripture more desirous to bee in houses of vertuous conuersation than to exercise feates of warre What will come thereof the age that followeth shall perceyue and beholde With these wordes doth Bede ende his hystorie 734. Mordacke ended his life the same yere that S. Bede made an ende of his hystorie continued tyll the yeare 734. In the whiche yeare
Quincie he that maryed hys syster Hauise had the Earledome of Lyncolne and so of a Baron became an Earle who had issue by hys wife Margerie Countesse of Lyncolne that was maryed to Edmonde Lacie Earle of Lyncolne William Earle Ferrers and of Darbie that had maryed Agnes syster to the sayde Ranulfe had the Castell and Manour of Chartley togyther wyth other landes for hys pourpartie Here is also to be remembred that the afore mentioned Erle Ranulf or Randulf whether ye list to call him atchieued many high enterprises in his time as partly in this booke ye haue alredie heard he held sore warres agaynst the Welchmen till at length an agreement was concluded betwixt him Llewellin prince of Wales I remember I haue read in an olde record that vpon a time as this Earle passed into Wales with an army his chance was to be ouerset by the Welch men so that he was driuen to retire into a castell wherin the Welchmen did besiege him ◅ir Roger ◅y is surna◅d Helle. And as it fortuned at that time Roger Lacy y e Conestable of Chester was not thē with him but left behind at Chester to see the Citie kept in order for as it should seem their solemne playes which cōmonly are vsed at Whitsuntide were then in hande or else their Faire which is kept at Midsommer The Erle therfore sent a messenger in all possible hast vnto his Conestable praying him with speed to come to his succors in that extreme poynt of necessitie Lacy made no delay but assembling all the foreyners players musitians others which he could find within that citie fit to wear armor went forth with them and in most speedy maner marched toward the castell where the Welchmē kept the Erle besieged who now perceyuing such a multitude of mē cōming towards them incontinently left the siege and fled away The Earle then being thus deliuered out of that present danger came forth of the Castell returned with hys Conestable vnto Chester and in recompence of that seruice he gaue vnto his sayde Conestable Roger Lacie the rule order and authoritie ouer all the foreyners players musitians and other strangers resorting to Chester at the time when such publike playes or else fayre shoulde be kept and holden Iohn Lacie the son of the sayd Roger maried Alice the daughter of Gylbert de Aquila and after hir deceasse he maried the Ladie Margaret the daughter of Robert Quincy Erle of Lyncolne of whom he begat Edmonde Lacie Conestable of Chester which Edmond after the deceasse of hys father maried Alice the daughter of the marques of Saluces in Italy which Lady was surnamed the Queene of whom he begat Henrie Lacy erle of Lincoln which Henry maried the Lady Margaret daughter to William Long espee Earle of Salisbury by whom he had two sonnes Edmōd and Iohn and two daughters Alice and Ioan which Alice Thomas Erle of Lancaster maried who claymed had the same rights and priuiledges which aunciently belonged to the sayde Roger Lacy and others the Conestables of Chester concerning the fines of foreyners and of other And this haue I the more willingly declared that it may appeare in what estimation credite the Lacies Constables of Chester by inheritance liued in their time of whose high valiancie and likewise of other of that familie highly commended for theyr noble chiualrie in martiall enterprises ye may reade in sundrie hystories at large But now to returne and speake of other doings which chaunced aboute the tyme in whiche the sayd Ranulfe Erle of Chester departed thys life The king in the meane while seazed into his handes a great portion of the treasure which Hubert de Burgh Earle of Kent had committed to the keping of the Templers but where as there were that trauailed to haue had him put to death the king in respect of the seruice which he had done to him and to his predecessors king Richard and king Iohn graunted him life with those landes which hee had eyther by purchase The Erle of Kent kept in prison within the castell of Vees or by gyft of king Iohn but neuerthelesse he caused him to be kept in free prison at the castell of the Vees vnder the custodie of foure knightes belonging to the Erles of Cornwall Warren Pembroke Ferrers whiche foure Earles were become sureties for him This yeare also about the same time to wit Mat. Par. A great thunder the morow after S. Martyns day chaunced great thunder and lightning which continued for the space of .xv. dayes togither to the great terror and feare of the people and namely of the Londoners which haue that kinde of weather so familiar to them that if there bee any abroade in the lande they haue their part thereof 1233 A wet sōmer Moreouer on the .xxiij. of March was heard an other great and terrible tempest of thunder after folowed a maruellous wette Sommer with many flouds Also on the .viij. day of April in the parties about Hereford Foure Sunnes beside the accustomed Sun and Worcester there appeared four Sunnes in the Element beside the naturall Sunne of red colour and a great circle of christaline colour the which cōpassed with his largenesse as it had bene the whole circuit almost of the whole realme of Englande Mat. Paris from the sides wherof went forth certaine halfe circles in whose sections appeared the sayd foure sunnes The naturall sonne was at the same tyme in the East part of the firmament for it was about the fyrst houre of the day or betwixt six and seuen in the morning the aire being the same time very bright and cleare The Bishop of Hereford sir Iohn Monmouth knight and many others beheld this wonderfull sight testified the same to bee moste true Mat. Par. And after this there followed the same yeare in those parties cruell warre slaughter terrible bloudshed and a generall trouble through England Wales and Irelande A straunge wonder About the same time to wit in Iune in the south parts of Englād neare to the sea coast two huge dragons appeared fighting in the aire and after a long fight the one ouercame the other and followed him fleeing into the depth of the Sea and so they were seene no more Moreuer in this yeare great variance strife rose betwixt the king and his barons for the king tooke great displeasure towards all other his officers Polidor and so muche the more he mistrusted them for that he found himselfe deceyued in the Erle of Kent to whom he had cōmitted a further credite than to any other and had made him high iustice of Englande onely for the good will that he alwayes bare vnto him The king beginneth to fauor strangers Therfore perceyuing this he was doubtfull now whom he should trust he discharged the most part of those Englishmē that bare any office about him in their roumes placed straungers as Poictouins and Brytaines of y
of Elie certaine persons whiche being armed mette the Bishoppe of Rochester Lorde Tresourer deliueryng to hym Letters from the Pope the contentes of the whiche were not knowen and foorthwith they shranke awaye but the Kinges seruauntes made suche pursute after them that some of them they tooke and bringing them before the Kynges Iustices Suche as deliuered the Pope letters hanged vppon their arreignement they were condempned and suffred deathe on the gallowes Great discorde rose also aboute thys time Dyscorde betvvixt Priestes and Friers or rather afore betwixte the Clergie and the foure orders of Friers as in the booke of Actes and Monumentes sette foorthe by master Foxe yet maye reade more at large In this yeare Iohn of Gaunt Earle of Richemont sonne to the Kyng Tho. VVals Iohn fo Gau◅ married 1359 An. reg 33. the nineteenth daye of Maye married the Ladie Blaunche daughter to Henrye Duke of Lancaster at Reading and bicause they were cousins within the degrees of consanguinitie forbidden by the Churche Lawes to marrie a dispensation was procured of the Pope to remoue that obstacle and lette This yeare the Kyng sette workemenne in hande to take downe muche olde buildings belonging to the Castel of Windsor VVinsor castell repared Additions to Triuet and caused diuers other faire and sumptuous workes to bee erected and sette vp in and aboute the same Castell so that almoste all the Masons and Carpenters that were of any accompte within this lande were sente for and employed aboute the same workes the ouerseer wherof was Wyllyam Wickham the Kyngs Chaplein by whose aduice the Kyng tooke in hande to repaire that place the rather in deede bycause hee was borne there and therefore hee tooke greate pleasure to bestowe coste in beautifying it with suche buildings as maye appeare euen vnto this daye Moreouer this yeare in the Rogation weeke was a solempne Iustes enterprised at London for the Maior A solempne Iustes at London and his four and twentie brethren as chalengers did appoint to aunswere all co◅ers in whose name and steede the Kyng wyth hys four sonnes Edwarde Caxton The king vvith his four ◅onnes are of the chalengers parte Lionell Iohn and Edmunde and nineteene other greate Lordes in secrete manner came and helde the fielde with honour to the great pleasure of the citizens that behelde the same Yee haue hearde howe the Frenchemen refused the peace whiche was accorded betwixte King Edwarde and theyr King as then prisoner here in Englande Wherevppon King Edwarde determined to make suche warre againste the Realme of Fraunce that the Frenchemen shoulde bee gladde to condiscende and agree to reason and firste hee commaunded all manner of Frenchemenne other than suche as were prisoners to auoide out of Englande The Frenche King remoued He departed from Hertfourt the .xxix. of Iulie Hee also appointed the Frenche King to bee remoued from the Castell of Hertforde where hee then remained vnto the Castell of Somerton in Lincolneshire vnder the garde and conduct of the lord William Deincourte Polidore beeyng allowed fourtie shillyngs the daye for the wages of twoo and twentie men at armes twentie archers and twoo watchemenne as thus for himselfe and Sir Iohn Kirketon Banerettes eyther of them foure shillings the daye for three Knightes Sir Wyllyam Collevill in place of the Lorde Roberte Collevill that coulde not trauayle hymselfe by reason of sickenesse Sir Iohn Deincourte and Syr Saer de Rocheforte eche of them twoo shillings the daye seuenteene Esquiers eche of them twelue pence the daye eight archers on horse backe euery of them sixe pence the daye and twelue archers on foote three pence and the twoo watchemen eyther of them sixe pence the daye whiche amounteth in the whole vnto nyne and thirtie shillings the daye and the odde twelue pence was allowed to the saide Lorde Deincourte to make vp the summe of fortie shillings This haue I noted the rather to giue a lighte to the reader to consider howe chargeable the reteining of men of warre is in these dayes in respect of the former times But now to our purpose The King prepareth to make a iourney into Fraunce Froissart The Duke of Lancaster The King meanyng to passe ouer hymselfe in person into Fraunce he caused a mightie army to bee mustered and put in a redinesse and sente beefore hym the Duke of Lancaster ouer to Callais with foure hundreth speares and twoo thousande Archers where the saide Duke ioyned with suche strangers as were alreadye comme to Callais in greate numbers and togyther with them entred into the Frenche dominious and passing by Saincte Omers and Bethune came to Mount sainct Eloy a goodly Abbey and a rich a two leagues distant from Arras and there the hoste tarried foure dayes and when they hadde robbed wasted all the Countrey thereaboute Bray ass◅l◅d they rode to Bray and there made a greet assaulte at the which a Baneret of England was slain with diuers other When the Englishemenne sawe they coulde winne nothing there they departed and followyng the water of Some came to a town called Che◅sye where they passed the riuer and there ◅ried Allhallowen daye and the night following The same daye the Duke of Lancaster was aduertised The Kyng◅ arri◅ C◅e that the Kyng was arriued at Callais the seuenteenth daye of October Froissart commaunding hym by letters to drawe towardes him with all his companye The Duke according to the Kings commaundement obeyed and so retourned towarde Callais The King beeyng there arriued with all his power tooke counsell whiche way he shulde take Polidor Some aduised him first to inuade Flaunders and to reuenge the iniurious dealing of the Earle and the Flemings but hee woulde not agree to that motion for hee purposed fully eyther by plaine force to make a conqueste of Fraunce or else vtterlye to destroye and waste the countrey throughoute with fire and sworde Herevppon hee sette forewarde the fourthe of Nouember and passing throughe the countreys of Arthois and Vermendois hee came before the Citie of Reimes There wente ouer with him in this iourney and with the Duke of Lancaster Froissart his foure sonnes Edwarde Prince of Wales Lionell Earle of Vlster Iohn Earle of Richemond and the Lorde Edmunde his yongest sonne Also ther was Hēry y e said Duke of Lancaster with the Earles of Marche Warwike Suffolke Herford who also was Earle of Northampton Salisburie Stafford and Oxford the Byshoppes of Lincolne and Durham the Lords Percie Nevyll Spēcer Kirdistō Rosse Manny Cobhā Moubrey de la Ware Willoughbie Felton Basset Fitz Water Charleton Audeley Burwasche and others beside Knyghtes and Esquiers as Sir Iohn Chandos Sir Stephan Goussanton Sir Nowell Loring sir Hugh Hastings sir Iohn Lisle Sir Richarde Pembruge and others The siege was layde before Reimes aboute Sainct Andrewes tide Rei◅s ◅sieged and continued more than seuen weekes but the Citie was so well defended by the Bishop and the earle
of armed men and lykewise the Earle of Northumberlande with no lesse company came likewise to London and was lodged within the Citie hauing great friendship shewed towardes hym of the Citizens The Londoners frends to the Earle of Northumberlande who promised to assist hym at all tymes when necessitie required so that hys parte seemed to bee ouerstrong for the Duke if they shoulde haue come to any triall of their forces at that time The Duke laye with his people in the suburbes The Lords siâ—… in armour in the parliameÌ„â—… house and euery day when they went to the Parliament house at Westminster both partes went thither in armour to the great terror of those that were wise and graue personages fearing some mischiefe to fall foorth of that vnaccustomed maner of theyr goyng armed to the Parliamente house contrary to the auntient vsage of y e realme At length to quiet the parties The K. maketh an agreemeÌ„t betweene the duke of Lancaster anâ—… the Earle of Northumberland and to auoyde suche inconuenientes as mighte haue growen of theyr dissention the Kyng tooke the matter into hys handes and so they were made friendes to the ende that some good myghte bee done in that Parliamente for reformation of things touching the state of the Realme for whiche cause it was especially called but nowe after it had continued a long tyme and fewe things at all concluded newes came that the Lady Anne sister to the Emperoure Wenslaus and fyanced wife to the Kyng of England was come to Caleis wherevppon the Parliamente was proroged till after Christmas that in the meane time the marriage myght bee solemnised whyche was appoynted after the Epiphanie and foorthwith greaâ—… preparation was made to receyue the Bryde that shee myghte bee conueyed with all honor vnto the Kyngs presence Suche as shoulde receyue hir at Douer The Emperours sister aâ—…fyâ—…â—…o kyng Richard is receyued at Douer A watershakâ—… repayred thither where at hir landing a maruellous and righte straunge wonder happened for shee was no sooner out of hir Shippe and gâ—… to lande in safetie with all hir company â—…t that forthwith the water was so troubled and shaken as the like thing had not to any mans remembraunce euer bin hearde of so that the Shippe in which the appoynted Queene came ouer was terribly rent into peeces and the residue so beaten one againste an other that they were scattered heere and there after a wonderfull manner Before hir comming to the Citie of London shee was met on Blackheath by the Maior and Citizens of London 1382 in most honorable wise and so with greate triumph conueyd to Westminster where at the time appoynted all the Nobilitie of the Realme being assembled The Kings marriage with the Emperors sister shee was ioyned in marriage to the King and Crownes Queene by the Archbyshop of Caunterbury with all the glory and honor that might be deuised There were also holden for the more honor of the same marriage solemne Iustes for certayne dayes togither in which as well the Englishmen as y e new Queenes Countreymen shewed proofe of their manhoode and valiancie whereby prayse and commendation of Knightly prowes was atchieued not withoute domage of both the parties After that the solemnitie of the marriage was finished the Parliamente eftsoones beganne in the whiche many things were enacted for the behoofe of the common wealthe And amongst other things it was ordeyned that all maner manumissions obligations releasses and other bondes made by compulsion dures and menace in time of this last tumulte and ryot agaynste the lawes of the lande and good fayth should bee vtterly voyde and adnihillate And further that if the Kynges faythfull liege people did perceyue any gathering of the Commons in suspect wise to the number of sixe or seauen holding conuenticles togither they shoulde not stay for y e Kings writte in that behalfe for theyr warrante but forthwith it shoulde bee lawfull for them to apprehende suche people assembling togither and to lay them in prison till they mighte aunswere their doings These and many other things were established in this Parliamente of the whiche the most part are set foorthe in the Printed Booke of Statutes where yee maye reade the same more at large In tyme of thys Parliamente the Earle of Suffolke William Vfforde beeyng chosen by the Knyghtes of the Shires to pronounce in behalfe of the common wealthe certayne matters concerning the same The very day and houre in whyche hee shoulde haue serued that turne as hee wente vp the staires The suddayne â—…eath of the Earle of Suffolke towardes the vpper house he suddaynely fell downe and dyed in the handes of hys seruauntes busie about to take hym vp whereas hee felte no griefe of sicknesse when hee came into Westminster beeyng then and before merrie and pleasante ynough to all mens sights Of hys suddayne death many were greaâ—… abasshed for that in hys lyfe tyme hee 〈◊〉 shewed hymselfe courteous and amiable to all men The Parliamente shortly therevppon tooke ende after that the Merchauntes had graunted to the Kyng for a subsedie certayne customes of theyr woolles whiche they bought and solde called a Maletot to endure for four yeares The Lord Richard Scrope was made Lord Chancellor and the Lorde Hugh Segraue Lord Treasorer About the same time The Earle of Marche his good seruice whilâ—…st he 〈◊〉 depâ—…ie of Irelande the Lorde Edmonde Mortimer Earle of Marche the Kings Lieutenaunt in Irelande departed this life after hee had brought in manner all that lande to peace and quiete by his noble and prudente gouernemente In this season Wiclifâ—… doctrine Wiclife set foorthe dyuers Articles and conclusions of hys doctrine whiche the newe Archbyshoppe of Caunterbury William Courtney lately remoued from the Sea of London vnto the higher dignitie dyd what hee coulde by all shiftes to suppresse and to force suche as were the setters foorthe and maynteyners thereof to recante and vtterly to renounce What hee brought to passe in the Booke of Actes and monumentes set foorthe by maister Foxe ye may finde at large The Twesday next after the feast of Sainâ—…t Iohn Port latine an other Parliament began in whiche at the earnest sute and request of the Knyghtes of the shires Iohn Wrawe Priest Iohn Wrawe â–ª that was the chiefe doer among the commons in Suffolke at Bury and Mildenhale was adiudged to be drawen and hanged although many beleeued that hys lyfe should haue bin redeemed for some great portion of money A lewde fellowe that tooke vppon hym to bee skilfull in Phisicke and Astronomy caused it to bee published thorough the Citie of London that vppon the Ascention euen there would rise suche a pestilente Planet that all those whyche came abroade foorthe of theyr chambers before they hadde sayde fyue tymes the Lordes prayer then coÌ„monly called the Pater noster dyd not eate somewhat that morning before theyr going foorthe shoulde bee taken with sicknesse and
Matelonne or Martelonne the lord de la Valle and the bastard of Bourbon with other to the number as some haue writtē of fiue C. But Enguerant de Monstrellet affirmeth that vpon their returne into Fraunce there wāted not aboue .lx. persons of all their cōpanies After they had lain thus one against an other y e space of .viij. dayes as before is sayde vitails began to fail so that they were enforced to dislodge The Frēch Welchmē withdrew into Wales and though the Englishe men followed yet empeached with the desart grounds and barren coūtry through which they must passe as ouer felles and craggie mountaines from hill to dale from marish to wood from naught to worse as Hall sayth without vitailes or succor the king was of force constrained to retire with his army and returne againe to Worcester in which returne the enimies took certaine cariages of his laden with vytayles The French men after the armies were thus withdrawne returned into Britain The French men returne home making small bragges of their painfull iourney This yeare at London An. reg ◅ the Earle of Arundell maried the bastard daughter of the king of Portingale the king of Englande and the Queene with theyr presence honouring the solemnitie of that feast whiche was kept wyth all sumptuous royaltie the morrowe after Saint Katherines daye And on the day of the Conception of our Ladie the Ladie Philip King Henries daughter was proclaymed Queene of Denmarke Norwey and Sweden in presence of suche Ambassadours as the last Sommer came hither from the king of those Countreys to demaund hir in mariage for him and had so trauayled in the matter that finally they obteyned This yeare the first of Marche 1406 A parliament a Parliament began which continued almost all this yeare for after that in the lower house they hadde denyed a long time to graunt to any subsidie yet at length a little before Christmasse in the .viij. yeare of his raign they granted a .xv. A fiftenth gr◅ted by the te◅poraltie to the losse and great domage of the comunaltie for through lingring of time the expenses of knights and burgesses grewe almost in value to the sum that was demaunded Moreouer A new kind◅ of subsidie g◅ted by the clergie by the Clergie a new kinde of subsidie was graunted to the King to bee leuied of stipendarie priests and Friers mēdicants other such religious men as sung for the dead celebrating as they termed it Anniuarsaries euery of thē gaue halfe a marke in reliefe of other of the Clergie that had still borne the burthen for them before Whervpon now they murmured and grudged sore for that they were thus charged at that present The same time the Erle of Northumberland and the Lorde Bardolfe warned by the Lord Dauid Fleming that there was a conspiracie practised to delyuer them into the King of Englandes hands fledde into Wales to Owen Glendouer This cost the Lorde Fleming his life The l. Fleming left ◅ life for g◅ knowledge the erle of ◅thumberland of that wh◅ was m◅◅galest him for after it was knowne that hee hadde disclosed to the Earle of Northumberlande what was ment agaynst him and that the Earle therevpon was shyfted awaye certaine of the Scottes fiue the said Lord Fleming Whervpon no small grudge rose betwixt those that so slue him and the sayde lord Flemings friends For this other matters such dissention sprung vp amongst the Scottish Nobilitie that one durst not trust another Dessenti◅◅mōg the ◅tish nobilitie so that they were glad to sue for a truce betwixt Englande and them whiche was graunted to endure for one yeare as in some bookes we finde recorded This truce being obteyned Robert King of Scotland vpon considerations as in the Scottish historie ye may read more at large sent hys eldest sonne Iames intituled prince of Scotland a childe not past nine yeres of age to be conueyed into Fraunce ◅ewen yeares sayth Hard. vnder the conduct of the Earle of Orkency The prince of Scotland stayd here in Englād and a Bishop in hope that hee myght there both remayne in safetie and also learne the French tongue But it fortuned that as they sayled neare to the Englishe coast about Flambrough heade in Holdernesse their shippe was taken and stayed by certaine Mariners of Claye a towne in Norffolke that were abrode the same time and so he and all his companie being apprehended the xxx of Marche was conueyed to Wyndsore where though he had letters from his father which he presented to the king conteyning a request in his sonnes behalfe for fauour to bee shewed towardes him if by chaunce hee landed within any of his dominions yet was he deteyned and as wel he himselfe as the Earle of Orkney was committed to safe keeping in the tower of London but the Byshop got away and escaped as some write by what means I know not By the Scottishe writers were finde that thys chaunced in the yeare .1404 that is two yeares before the time noted in diuerse English writers as Tho. Wals and other But Harding sayth it was in the .ix. yere of king Henries raigne to wit in An. 1408 but whensoeuer it chanced it is to be thought that there was no truce at that pri◅nt betweene the two realmes but that the war to as rather open sithe diuerse Englishe rebelles styll remayned in Scotlande Hall and were there succored to the high displeasure of King Henrie By authoritie of the Parliament that all this time continued the Braytons that serued the Queene with two of his daughters were banished the realme Robert Halome Chauncellor of Oxforde Rob. Holome Archbishop of Yorke as then beeing in the Popes Court of Rome was created Archbishop of Yorke Moreouer the same time the Pope gaue vnto Thomas Langley the bishoprike of Durham which by the death of Walter Skirlaw was thē voyde In the sommer of this yeare the Ladie Philip the kings yonger daughter was sent ouer vnto hir affianced husband Erick king of Dēmark The K. and the Queene brought hir to Lyane where she toke shipping Tho. VVals Norway Sweden being cōueied thither with great pomp and there maried to the said king where she tasted according to y e cōmon speech vsed in praying for the successe of suche as matche togither in mariage both ioy some sorow amōg There attended hir thither Hērie Bowet Bishop of Bath and the L. Richard brother to the duke of Yorke An. reg 8. The Duke of Yorke restored a◅ liberty In the Parliament which yet continued the Duke of Yorke was restored to his former libertie estate and dignitie where many supported that he had bin dead long before that time in pryson Edmond Holland Erle of Kent was in suche fauour with king Henrie The erle of kent in fauour with the king that he not onely aduanced him to high offices and great honors but also to his great costs
The Bishops â—…cte hard aâ—…câ—…ste the â—…es for y e Bishops replyed sore againste them yet after the same were qualified after an indifferent and reasonable sorte they passed and were established for actes Also there was a bill agreed vnto touchyng the releasse of all the summes of money whyche the King hadde receyued by way of loue in the fiftenth yeare of his raigne as before yee haue hearde There was also a Booke sente downe to the commons Articles exhibited againste the Cardinall conteyning articles which the Lords had put to the King against the Cardinall whiche Booke was redde in the common house and was signed by the Cardinals owne hande Also there was a writing shewed which was sealed with his seale by the which he gaue to the King all his mouables and vnmouables On the daye of the conception of our Lady the King lying at Yorke place at Westminster Creations in the Parliamente time created the Vicounte Rochfort Earle of Wilshire and the Vicounte Fitz Water Earle of Suffex and the Lord Hastings Earle of Huntington The seuententh of December the King gaue his royall assent to all things done by the Lords and commoÌ„s and so proroged his court of Parliament till the next yeare The K. whiche all this while sith the doubte was moued touching his marriage absteyned froÌ„ the Queenes bedde was nowe aduertised by his Ambassadors which he hadde sent to dyuers Vniuersities for the absoluing of his doubt that the sayde Vniuersities were agreed and cleerely concluded that the one brother mighte not by Gods lawe marrie the other brothers wise earnally knowen by the first mariage and that neither the Pope nor y e court of Rome could many wise dispense with the same For ye must vnderstand that amoÌ„gst other things alledged for disprofe of the mariage to be lawfull euidence was giuen of certaine wordes whiche Prince Arthur spake the morrowe after he was first married to the Queene whereby it was gathered that hee knew hir carnally y e night the paâ—…ed The wordes were these as we finde them y e Chronicle of master Edward Hall In the morning after he was risen from the bedde in which he had sayde with his all night he called for drinke whych hee before time was not accustomed to doe At whiche thing one of his Chamberlaynes maruelling required the cause of his brought To whome hee aunswered merily saying I haue this nighte bene in the middest of Spayne whiche is a hote region and that iourney maketh me so drie and if thou haddest bene vnder that hote climate thou wouldest haue bin drier than I. Agayne it was alledged that after the deathe of Prince Arthur the King was deferred from the title and creatioÌ„ of Prince of Wales almost halfe a yeare whiche thing could not haue bene doubted if she had not bin carnally knowen Also she hir selfe caused a Bull to be purchased in the which were these words vel forsan coguitam that is and peraduenture carnally knowen whiche wordes were not in the first Bull graunted by Pope Iuly at hir seconde in 〈◊〉 to the King which second Bull with that â—…ause was only purchased to dispense with the seconde matrimony although there were carnall copulation before which Bull needed not to haue bin purchased if there had bin no carnall copulation for then the first Bull had bin sufficient To conclude when these and other matters were layd forth to proue that which she denyed the carnall copulation betwixte hir and Prince Arthur hir Counsellers left that matter and fell to perswasions of naturall reason and lastly when nothing else would serue they stoode stiffe in the appeale to the Pope and in the dispensation purchased from the Court of Rome so that the matter was thus shifted off and no end likely to be had therein The King therefore vnderstanding now that the Emperour and the Pope were appointed to meete at the Citie of Bonony alias Bologna where the Emperour shoulde be crowned Ambassadors sent to Italy sente thither in Ambassade from hym the Earle of Wilshire Doctor Stokestey elected Byshop of London and his Almoner Doctor Edward Lee to declare both vnto the Pope and Emperour the law of God the determinations of Vniuersities in the case of his mariage and to require the Pope to do iustice accordyng to trueth and also to shewe to the Emperoure that the King did moue this matter onely for discharge of his conscience and not for anye other respect of pleasure or displeasure earthelye These Ambassadors comming to Bonony were honorably receyued and first doyng theyr message to the Pope had aunswere of him that he would heare the matter disputed wheÌ„ he came to Rome and according to right he woulde do iustice The Emperors aunswere to the Ambassadors The Emperour aunswered that he in no wise woulde be againste the lawes of God and if the Court of Rome would iudge that the matrimony was not good he could be content but he solicited both the Pope and Cardinals to stand by the dispensation whiche he thought to be of force ynough to proue the mariage lawfull With these aunsweres the Ambassadors departed and returned homewardes till they came on this side the Mountaynes and then receyued letters from the King which appoynted the Earle of Wilshire to goe in ambassade to the French King which then lay at Burdeaux making shift for money for redeeming of hys children and the Byshop of London was appoynted to goe to Padoa and other Vniuersities in Italy to know their full resolutions and determinate opinions in the Kings case of matrimony and the Kinges Almoner was commaunded to returne home into England and so he did In the Lente season of this yeare 1530 The Cardinaâ—… licensed to repaire into Yorkeshire the Kyng licenced the Cardinall to repaire into his diocese of Yorke commanding him after his comming thither not to returne Southward without the Kings speciall licence in writing Aboute the same time Thomas Cromwell Thomas Cromwell that had serued the Cardinall was admitted to the kings seruice The Cardinall comming to Southwell which is within the dioces of Yorke lay there all this yeare This yeare the Isle of Maite was assigned to the Lord maister of Saint Iohns of Ierusalem and to his breethreÌ„ the knights hospitalers An. reg 22. In the beginning of this yeare was the hauing and reading of the new Testament in Englishe translated by Tyndall Ioy and others forbidden by the King The new Teâ—…tament Tranâ—…ated into Englishe with the aduice of hys counsell and namely the Byshoppes which affirmed that the same was not truely translated and that therein were prolognes and prefaces sounding to heresie with vncharitable rayâ—…ing against Bishops and the Cleargie The King therefore commaunded the Byshops that they calling to them the bâ—…st learned men of the Vniuersities should cause a new traÌ„slation to be made that the people without danger might reade the same for their better instruction in the
the spiritualtie saying that all men which had delt with the Cardinall were in the same danger This their stay and bold demand was thought more than reason would beare for that they dyd not only seeme to enuy other mens wealthe but also to restreine the King of his libertie and to enforce him to shew mercie at their appoynâ—…ment They seemed yet at length to be sorowfull in that they hadde â—…e so vnadussedly and then the King sente them their pardon also for the which they humbly thanked him The thirtith day of March the Lord Chancellor and diuers other Lords both of the spiritualtie and temporaltie came into the common house and there the Lorde Chancellor declared what the King had done touching the doubt of his marriage to knowe the opinions of dyuers Vniuersities in the â—…dome and of great learned man beside And there were shewed and redde the determinations of the same Vniuersities Determiâ—…ons of diâ—… Vnâ—…es faires touching thâ—… vnlâ—… of the kings marriage which they has published written and sealed for sufficient proofe of the same concluding by their saide determinations that the kings mariage could not be lawfull and therewith were shewed aboue â—…n hundred Bookes drawen by Doctors of forceâ—…e regions whiche agreed vppon the inualiditie of the same mariage but were not redde for that the day was spent These were the Vniuersities which had shâ—… determined of the vnlawfulnesse of this mariage Orleans Paris Aniou Bourges in Berry Bononie Padua and Tholouse When Easter beganne to drawe neere the ParliameÌ„t for that time brake vp and was proroged till the last of Marche in the nexte yeare The Kyng wylling to gyue the Queene to vnderstande An reg 2â—… what the vniuersities and learned men of foreyn parties had determined of the mariage betwixte them two sente vnto hir dyuers Lordes of the counsell the last of May being the Wednesdaye in Whitson weeke the whiche Lordes in hir Chamber at Greenewiche declared to hir all the determinations aforesaide and asked hir whether she woulde for the quietnesse of the Kyngs conscience put the matter to foure Prelates and foure temporall Lordes of thys Realme or abyde by hir appeale The Queene alledged many arguments of presumption that the marriage should bee lawfull as the wisedome and circumspection of both their fathers the licence of Pope Iuly graunted at the suite of hir father at the time of the same mariage and to be briefe she affirmed that shee was his lawfull wife as she verily beleeued and would therefore abide in that poynt til y e Court of Rome whiche was priuie to the beginning had made a finall end therein For so muche as Merchant strangers bringing their wares into the Realme did receyue ready money for them and euer deliuered the same money to other merchants by exchange not eâ—…ploying it vppon the commodities of the Realme â—…amatioÌ„â—…rchâ—…â—…ers a Proclamation was set for the made that no person should make any exchange contrary to the meaning of a statute ordeyned in the time of King Richarde the second by reason whereof cloâ—…hes and other commodities of thyâ—… Realme shortly after were wiâ—… soâ—… till they fell to exchange agayne and that this Proclamation was forgotten After Whiâ—…sontide the King and y e Queene remoued to Windefore and there continuâ—… tyll the fourtenth of Iuly on the whiche day the K. remoued to Wodstocke and left the Queene 〈◊〉 Windesore where she remayned awhile and after remoued to the Morâ—… and from thence to Estaâ—…e whither the King foure to hir dyuers Lordes 〈◊〉 Queene â—…h stiffe 〈◊〉 opinion â—…ning â—…ouerâ—… oâ—… his â—…iage 〈◊〉 aduise hir to bee conformable to the laide of God shewing diuers reasons to perswade hir to their purpose but shee stoode sâ—…ly in hir firste opinion that shee was his true and lawfull wife and from the same woulde not by any meanes be remoued The Priestes of London beeing called afore the Byshoppe that would haue hadde them contributaries to the payment of the hundred thousande pounde graunted to the Kyng for his pardon of the premunire kept suche a stirre in breaking into the Chapiter house where the Byshop sate all at once and striking and buffering the Byshoppes seruauntes whiche gaue them euill language that the Byshoppe was fayne to gyue them his blessing and suffer them to depart in quiet for that time But after vpoÌ„ complainte made to the Lorde Chancellor diuers of them and of their partakers were arested and committed to prison to the number of fifteene Priestes and fiue lay men some to the Tower and some to the Fleete and to other places where they remayned long after 〈…〉 Thomas Bilney Bacheler of law was breÌ„t at Norwicke the ninetenth of August and the fourth of December Sir Rees Griffin was beheaded at the Tower hill and his man named Iohn Hewes was drawen to Tiborne and there hanged and quartered The fiue and twentith of May betweene London and Grenewich were taken two greate fishes called Horse pooles male and female In this season there was in the Realm much preaching one learned man holding agaynst an other namely in the matter of the Kyngs mariage 1532 After Christmas the Parliament began to sitte agayne in the which the commons founde themselues sore greeued with the crueltie of ordinaries â—…eltie of â—…aries that called menne afore them Ex officio At length a Booke was drawen of all the griefes of the commons for the cruell demeanour of the Cleargie and the same deliuered to the King by the speaker humbly besieching 〈◊〉 in name of all the commons to take such â—…tertion therein as to his high wisedome myghte seeme most expedient The King and fâ—…d that he woulde take aduice and heâ—… the partie accused speake He was not so ready to gratifie the commons in their requests as some thought that he would haue him it they had not â—…icked and refused to passe a sâ—…te whiche hee had sent to them touching wordes and primer seasons After this was the Parliament proroged tyll the tenth of Aprill The Parliament proroged Annates forbidden to bee paide In this Parliament was 〈◊〉 acte made that Byshops shoulde pay no more â—…ates or money for their Buâ—…les to the Pope for it was proued that there had bin paâ—… for Bulles of Byshoppes sith the fourth yeare of Henry the seauenth 160. thousand pound sterling beside other dispensations and pardons When the Parliamente was begun agayne after Easter there was 〈◊〉 motion made to helpe the King with money towarde his charges about the edifying of houses piles and other fortifications vpon y e bordures fore aâ—…ynst Scotlande both for better habitation to be had there and also for the restreint of the Scottes that vsed to make inuasions A fifteenthe graunted There was therefore a fiftenth graunted but not enacted at this session bycause that suddenly begaÌ„ a pestileÌ„ce in Westminster wherefore the Parliament was proroged as ye shall heare in the next yeare
the towne 〈◊〉 of the gray Friers The .xxi. of September Doctor Taylor maister of the Rolles was discharged of that office and Thomas Cromwell 〈◊〉 in hys place the .ix. of October Moreouer the thirde of Nouember The Parliament againe beginneth the Parliament began againe in the which was concluded the Act of Supremacie which authorized the kings highnesse to be supreme head of the church of England and the authoritie of the Pope chalished out of the realme In the same Parliament also was gyuen to the king the first fruites and tenthes of all spirituall dignities and promotions This yeare came the great Admiral of France into EnglaÌ„d Ambassador from the French king The Admirall of France coÌ„meth in Ambassade into England 1535. and was honorably receyued In this â—…medyed the Earle of Kildare prisoner in the Tower and his son Thomas Fitz-Garet begon to rebell and tooke all the kings ordinance and sent to the Emperor requiring him to take his part Also he fiue the bishop of Dublyn and robbed all suche as woulde not obey him In the beginning of this yeare An. reg 27. the Duke of Norffolke and the Bishop of Elie went to Calays and thither came the Admirall of Fraunce The .xxij. of Aprill the Prior of the Chartereux at London the Prior of Beuall Stow. the Prior of Exham Reynalds a brother of Sion Iohn Vicar of Thisleworth were arraigned and condemned of treason and thervpon drawne hanged and quartered at Tiburne the fourth of May. Their heades quarters were set ouer the bridge and gates of the citie one quarter excepted which was set vp at the Chartereux at London The eight of May the king commaunded that all belonging to the Court should poll theyr heades and to giue ensample caused his owne heade to be polled and his heard from thenceforth was cut round but not shauen The .xix. of Iune were three Monkes of the Charterhouse hanged drawne Monkes of the Charterhouse executed and quartered at Tyburne and their heades and quarters set vp about London for denying the king to bee supreme heade of the Church Their names were Exmew Middlemoore and Nudigate Also the .xxj. of the same Moneth The Bishop of Rochester beheaded and for the same cause doctor Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester was beheaded and his heade set vppon London bridge This Bishop was of many sore lamented for hee was reported to bee a man of great learning and of a verie good life The Pope had elected him a Cardinall and sent hys hatte as farre as Calais but his head was off before his flat could come Sir Thomas Moore beheaded The sixt of Iuly was sir Thomas Moore beheaded for the like crime that is to wit for denying the king to be supreme head This man was both learned and wise but giues much to a certaine pleasure in merye tauntes and leâ—…sting in moste of his communication whiche manner hee forgatte not at the verye houre of hys death This yeare in the tyme that the king went his progresse to Gloucester and to other places Westwarde The king of Scots knight of the garter the king of Scottes was installed knight of the Garter at Windsore by his procurator the Lorde Erskyn and in October following The Bishop of Winchester Ambassador into France Stephen Gardiner whiche after the Cardinalles death was made Byshoppe of Wynchester was sente Ambassadoure into Fraunce where hee remayned three yeares after Stow. In August the Lorde Thomas Fitzgerarde sonne to the Erle of Kyldare was taken in Ireland and sent to the tower of London In the Moneth of October Doctor Lee and other were sent to visite the Abbayes Priories and Nunries in Englande who set all those religious persons at liberty that would forsake their habite and all that were vnder the age of .xxiiij. yeres and the residue were closed vp that would remaine Further they tooke order that no men shoulde haue accesse to the houses of women nor women to the houses of men except it should bee to heare theyr seruice The Abbot or Prior of the house where any of the brethren was willing to depart was appoynted to giue to euerie of them a priestes gowne for his habit xl.ss in mony the Nunnes to haue such apparell as secular women ware and to go whither them liked best The .xj. of Nouember was a great Procession at London for ioy of the French kings recouerie of health from a daungerous sicknesse In December a suruey was taken of al ChaÌ„teryes and the names of them that had the gyft of them 1536 The Lady Katherin dowager deceaseth The Princes Dowager lying at Kimbalton fell into hir last sicknesse whereof the King being aduertised appoynted the Emperours Ambassadour that was leger here with him named Eustachius Caputius to go to visite hir and to doe his commendations to hir and will hir to bee of good comfort The Ambassadour with all diligence doth his dutie therein comforting hir the best hee myght but shee within sixe dayes after perceyuing hir selfe to waxe verie weake and feeble and to feele death approching at hande caused one of hir Gentlewomen to write a letter to the King commending to him hir daughter and his beseeching him to stande good father vnto hir and further desired him to haue some consideration of hir Gentlewomen that had serued hir and to see them bestowed in maryage Further that it woulde please him to appoynted that hir serâ—… might 〈◊〉 their â—…e wages and a yeares wages beside This in effect was all that shee requestâ—… and so immediately herevpon shee departed thys life the .viij. of Ianuarie at Kimbaltors aforesaid and was buried at Peterborow The fourth of Februarie the Parliamente beganne Religious houses giâ—… to the king in the whiche amongst other things inacted all Religious houses of the value of three hundred Markes and vnder were gyuen to the King with all the landes and goodes to them belonging The nuÌ„ber of these houses were .376 the value of their laÌ„ds yerely aboue 32000..ss their mouable goodes one hundred thousand Stâ—…w The religious persons put out of the same houses amounted to the number of aboue ten thousand This yeare was William Tindall burned at a towne betwixt Bruyssels and Maclyn called Villefort William Tindall burne This Tyndal otherwise called Hichyus was borne in the Marches of Wales and hauing a desire to translate and publishe to his Countrey dyuerse bookes of the Byble in English doubting to come in trouble for the same if he shoulde remaine here in Englande got him ouer into the parties of beyond the sea where he translated not onely the newe Testament into the Englishe tongue but also the fiue bookes of Moses Iosua Iudicum Ruth the bookes of the kings Paralipâ—…menon Nehemias or the first of Esdras the Prophet Ionas Beside these translations he made certain treatises and published the same which were brought ouer into Englande read with great
Queene there is alledged my conference with Sir Thomas Wiat Sir Iames Croftes Sir Edwarde Rogers Sir Edwarde Warner Againste the marriage with Spaine and the comming of the Spanyardes hither whiche talke I doe not denie in sorte as I spake it and ment it and notwithstanding the malicious gathering this day of my conference proueth yet no leuying of warre There is also alledged for proofe of the same Article sir Iames Crofts cōfession which as you remember implieth no such thing but generall talk against the mariage with Spaine And of my departing Westwarde with the Earle of Deuon which the sayde Iames doth not auowe and therefore I praye you consider it as not spoken There is also for proofe of the sayde Article the Duke of Suffolkes confession with whom I neuer had conference and therefore he aduouched the tale of his brothers mouth who hath made my purgation in those matters and yet if the matter were proued they be not greatly materiall in lawe There is also alledged for the further proofe of the same Article and for deposing and depriuing the Queene of hir Royall estate and for my adhering to the Queenes enimes Cutbert Vaughans confession whose testimonie I haue sufficientlye disproued by sundrie authorities and circumstances and principally by your owne lawe which dothe require two lawfull and sufficient witnesses to be brought face to face Also for the taking of the tower of London there is alledged Winters depositions which vttereth my misliking when he vttered vnto mee Sir Thomas Wiats resolution and deuise for attempting of the sayde peece And last of all to enforce these matters mine owne confession is engrieued greatly against me wherein there doth appeare neyther treason neyther concelement of treason neyther whispering of treason nor procurement of treason And forasmuch as I am come hither to be tried by the lawe though my innocencie of all these pointes materiall obiected be apparant to acquite mee wherevnto I doe principallye cleaue yet I will for your better credit and satisfactions shewe you euidentlye that if you woulde beleeue all the depositions layde against me which I trust you will not doe I ought not to bee attainted of the treason comprised within my inditement considering the Statute of repeale the last parliament of all treasons other than suche as be declared in the xxv yeare of K. Edward the third both which statutes I praye you my Lordes may be redde here to the enquest Bromley No for there shall be no bookes brought at your desire we know the law sufficiently without booke Throckmor Do you bring me hither to trie mee by the lawe and will not shewe me the lawe what is your knowledge of the lawe to these mens satisfactions which haue my triall in hande I pray you my Lordes and my Lordes all let the statutes bee redde as well for the Queene as for mee Stanforde My Lord chiefe Iustice can shew the lawe and will if the Iurie doe doubt of any poynt Throckmor You knowe it were indifferent that I should knowe and heare the law whereby I am adiudged forasmuch as the statute is in Englyshe men of meaner learning than the Iustices can vnderstande it or else howe shoulde we knowe when we offend Hare You knowe not what belongeth to youre case and therefore we must teach you it appertaineth not to vs to prouide bookes for you neyther wee sit here to be taught of you you should haue taken better hede to the law before you had come hither Throckmor Bicause I am ignoraunt I woulde learne and therefore I haue more neede to see the law and partlye as well for the instructions of the Iurie as for my owne satisfaction which mee thinke were for the honor of this presence And now if it please you my Lorde chiefe Iustice I do direct my speach specially to you What time it pleased the Queenes maiestie to call you to this honourable office I did learne of a great personage of hir highnesse priuie counsayle that amongst other good instructions hir maiestie charged and enioyned you to minister the law iustice indifferently without respect of persons And notwithstanding the old error amōgst you whiche did not admit any witnesse to speake or any other matter to be hearde in the fauor of the aduersarie hir maiestie being partie hir highnes pleasure was that whatsoeuer could be brought in the fauor of the subiect shoulde be admitted to be heard And moreouer that you specially and likewise all other Iustices shoulde not persuade themselues to sit in iudgement otherwise for hir highnesse than for hir subiect Therefore this maner of indifferent proceeding being principally enioined by Gods commādement which I had thought partly to haue remembred you others here in Cōmission in the beginning if I might haue had leaue And the same also being commanded you by the Queenes owne mouth me think you ought of right to suffer me to haue the statutes red openly also to reiect nothing y t coulde be spoken in my defence and in thus doing you shal shew your selues worthy ministers and fit for so worthie a mistresse Bromley You mistake the matter the Queene spake those wordes to maister Morgan chiefe Iustice of the Common place but you haue no cause to complaine for you haue bene suffered to talke at your pleasure Ha◅e What woulde you doe with the Statute booke the Iurie doth not require it they haue hearde the euidence and they must vppon their conscience trie whether you bee guiltie or no so as the booke needeth not if they will not credite the euidence so apparant then they know what they haue to doe Cholmley You ought not to haue anye bookes red here at your appointment for where dothe aryse anye doubte in the lawe the Iudges sitte here to informe the Court and nowe you doe but spende time The attorney I pray you my Lorde chiefe Iustice repeate the euidence for the Queene and giue the Iurie their charge for the prisoner will keepe you here all day Bromley Howe say you haue you any more to saye for your selfe Throckmor You seeme to giue and offer mee the lawe but in very dede I haue only the forme image of the lawe neuerthelesse since I cannot be suffred to haue the statutes red openly in the booke I will by your pacience gesse at them as I may and I pray you to help me if I mistake for it is long since I did see them The statute of repeale made the last Parliament hath these wordes Be it enacted by the Queene that from henceforth none acte deede or offence being by acte of Parliament or statute made treason petit treason or misprision of treason by words writing printing ciphering deedes or otherwise whatsoeuer shall be taken had deemed or adiudged treason petit treason but only such as be declared or expressed to be treason in or by an acte of Parliament made in the xxv yeare of Edw. iij. touching and concerning treasons and the
pardon to all suche as did reioyce in the same reconciliation The eyght and twentith of Nouember nexte following it was commonly reported that the Queene was quicke with childe and therefore commaundemente was gyuen by Edmonde Bonner then Byshoppe of London and as it was sayde not withoute the commaundement of the Counsell that there shoulde bee made in most solemne manner one generall Procession in London wherein the Maior and all the companyes of the Citie were in theyr liueries at whose returne to the Churche of Poules there was song very solemnely Te Deum for ioy thereof The second daye of December beeing Sonday Cardinall Poole came to Poules Churche in London with great pomp hauing borne before hym a Crosse two pillers and two pollaxes of siluer and was there solemnely receyued by the Byshoppe of Winchester Chancelloure of Englande who mette hym with Procession And shortly after Kyng Philippe came from Westminster by lande beeyng accompanyed with a greate number of hys Nobles And the same day the Byshoppe of Winchester preached at Poules Crosseâ—… in the whyche Sermon hee declared that the Kyng and Queene hadde restored the Pope to hys ryghte of primacie and that the three estates assembled in Parliamente representyng the whole bodye of the Realme hadde submitted themselues to hys holynesse and to his successors for euer And in the same also hee greately praysed the Cardinall and sette forth the passing hygh authoritie that hee hadde from the Sea of Rome â–ª with muche other glorious matter in the commendation of the Churche of Rome whyche hee called the Sea Apostolike The Sermon beeyng ended the Kyng and the Cardinall rydyng togyther returned to White Hall and the Kyng hadde his sworde borne before hym and the Cardinall had onely hys Crosse and no more The seauen and twentith daye of the sayde moneth Emanuell Philiberte Earle of Sauoy and Prince of Piemount came into Englande accompanyed with dyuers other Lordes and Gentlemen straungers who were receyued at Graues ende by the Earle of Bedforde Lorde priuie seale and conueyd by water through London bridge to White Hall where the King and Queene theÌ„ lay and the ninth of Ianuary next following y e Prince of Orange was in like maner receiued at Graues end and from thence conueid to the Court being at White Hall Vpon Wednesday the â—…2 of December fiue of y e eight men which lay in the Fleete that had passed vpoÌ„ sir Nicholas Throckmortons triall were discharged set at libertie vpon their fyne paid which was two C. and twentie lb a peece The other three put vp a supplicatioÌ„ therin declaring y t their goodes did not amount to y e suÌ„me of y e which they were appointed to pay so vpoÌ„ y t declaration paying .60 lb a peece wer deliuered out of prison on S. Thomas day before Christmas being the one and twentith of December The two and twentith of the same moneth the Parliamente whyche beganne the two and twentith of Nouember before was dissolued wherein among other Actes passed there the statute Ex officio and other lawes made for punishment of Heresies were reuiued But chiefely the Popes most liberall Bull of dispensation of Abbey lande was there confirmed muche to the contentation of manye who not withoute cause suspected by thys new vnion to lose some peece of their late purchase 1555 Vpon Friday the eyghtenth of Ianuary all the Counsell wente vnto the Tower and there the same day discharged and sette at libertie all the prisoners of the Tower or the more parte of them Prisoners deâ—â—â—red namely the late Duke of Northumberlandes sonnes the Lordes Ambrose Roberte and Henrye Also Sir Andrewe Dudley Sir Iames Croftes Sir Nicholas Throckmorton Sir Iohn Rogers Sir Nicholas Arnolde Sir George Harper Sir Edwarde Warner Sir William Sentlow Sir Gawen Carewe William Gibbes Esquier Cutbert Vaughan and dyuers other Moreouer aboute thys season dyuers learned men beeyng apprehended and in prison for matters of Religion were broughte before the Byshoppes of Winchester and London and other the Byshoppes and Commissioners appoynted therefore who vppon the constante standyng of the sayde learned men in their opinions whyche they hadde taken vppon them to mainteine as grounded vppon the true worde of God as they protested proceeded in iudgemente agaynste them and so diuers of them were brente at London in Smithfielde and in dyuers other places as in the Booke of Monuments ye may reade In February next folowing Doctor Thirleby Byshoppe of Ely and Anthony Lord Montagewe with a very honorable traine of Gentlemen and others rode forth of the Citie of London toward Rome as Ambassadors sente from the King and Queene to confirme this newe reconciliation to the Pope William Feâ—â—erston alias â—â—â—estable a 〈◊〉 nameth â—â—â—selfe King â—â—ward the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Stow. A yong stripling whose name was William Fetherston a Millers sonne aboute the age of eyghtene yeares named and bruted himselfe to bee King Edwarde the sixth whereof when the Queene and the counsayle hearde they caused with all diligence enquirie to be made for hym so that hee was apprehended in Southwarke or as other haue at Eltham in Kent the tenth of May brought before the Counsaile at Hampton Court and there examined And it was demaunded of him why hee so named himselfe to the whyche he counterfeyting a manner of simplicitie or rather frensie woulde make no direct aunswere but prayed pardon for hee wist not what hee sayde affirmyng farther that hee was counsayled so to saye and to take vpon him the name whereof hee accused certayne persons but hys talke was not found true wherefore hee was committed to the Marshalsea as a lunatike foole And the eyght and twentith daye of May nexte following the aforesayde counterfeyte Prince was broughte in a carte from the Marshalsea through the Citie of London with a paper ouer hys head wherein was written that he named hymselfe Kyng Edward And from thence was conueyd to Westminster beeyng ledde rounde aboute the Hall and shewed to all the people there and afterwarde taken out of the Carte and stripped and then whipped rounde aboute the Palace at the same Cartes tayle and withoute more punishment was discharged and set at libertie But the nexte yeare following for that hee had spredde abroade that King Edwarde was aliue and that he had spoken with him hee was agayne apprehended and arraigned of hygh treason whereof beeyng condemned he shortly after was drawen to Tiborne and there hanged and quartered the thirtenth of Marche About thys tyme Edward Courtney The Lorde Courtney goeth ouer into Italy Earle of Deuonshire of whome before yee haue heard howe hee was appoynted to remayne at Foâ—…ringhey vnder safe custody at length was sette at libertie came to the Courte and gote licence to passe the Seas wente into Italy where shortly after he sickened and dyed within foureteene dayes after hys sicknesse fyrste tooke hym he was honorably buryed in Padway Thys Courtney was the onely sonne and heyre of
hym as then was supposed what the matters shoulde be And as for the tyme it was thought meete to bee as soone as possible myght bee agreed vpon And then after certaine dayes past it was signifyed by the sayde Archbishoppe that there was appoynted by suche of the Byshoppes to whome hee hadde imparted this matter eight persones that is to saye foure Byshoppes and foure Doctours who were content at the Queenes Maiesties commaundement to shewe theyr opinions and as he tearmed it render accounte of theyr fayth in those matters whiche were mentioned and that specially in wryting although he sayd they thought the same so determined as there was no cause to dispute vpon them It was herevppon fullye resolued by the Queenes Maiestie with the aduice aforesayde that according to theyr desyre it shoulde bee in wryting on both partes for auoyding of muche altercation in woordes and that the sayde Byshoppes shoulde bycause they were in authoritie of degree Superiours fyrste declare theyr myndes and opinions to the matter with theyr reasons in wryting and the other number beeing also eyght menne of good degree in Schooles and some hauing beene in dignitie in the Churche of Englande if they had any thing to say to the contrarie shoulde the same day declare theyr opinions in lyke manner And so eche of them shoulde delyuer theyr Wrytings to the other to be consydered what were to bee improoued therein and the same to declare agayne in wryting at some other conuenient daye and the lyke order to bee kept in all the rest of the matters all this was fully agreed vpon with the Archbishop of Yorke and so also signifyed to both partyes And immediately herevpon diuerse of the Nobilitie and States of the Realme vnderstanding that such a meeting and conference shoulde bee and that in certayne matters wherevpon the Courte of Parliament consequentlye following some lawes myght bee grounded they made earnest meanes to hir Maiestie that the partyes of thys conference myghte putte and reade theyr assertions in the Englishe tongue and that in the presence of them of the Nobilitie and others of the Parliament house for the better satisfaction and inhabling of theyr owne Iudgementes to treate and conclude of such lawes as myght depende herevpon Thys also beeing thought verie reasonable was signifyed to both partyes and so fully agreed vppon and the daye appoynted for the first meeting to bee the Fryday in the forenoone being the last of Marche at Westmynster Church where both for good order and for honour of the conference by the Queenes Maiesties commaundement the Lordes and others of the priuye Counsayle were present and a great part of the Nobilitie also and notwythstanding the former order appoynted and consented vnto by both partes yet the Bishoppe of Wynchester and his Colleges alleging they had mystaken that theyr assertions and reasons should be written and so onely recyted out of the Booke sayde theyr booke was not readie then written but they were readie to argue and dispute and therefore they woulde for that tyme repeate in speache that which they had to say to the fyrst proposition This variation from the order and specially from that whiche themselues had by the sayde Archbishoppe in wryting before requyred adding thereto the reason of the Apostle that to contende wyth wordes is profitable to nothing but to subuersion of the hearer seemed to the Queenes Maiesties Counsayle somewhat straunge and yet was it permytted wythoute any greate reprehension bycause they excused themselues with mistaking the order and agreed that they would not fayle but put it in writing according to the former order deliuer it to the other part and so the sayd Bishop of Wynchester and his Colleges appointed Doctor Cole Deane of Paules to be the vtterer of theyr myndes who partlye by speeche onely and partlye by reading of authorities written and at certayne tymes beeyng infourmed of hys Collegees what to saye made a declaration of theyr meanings and theyr reasons to theyr fyrst proposition which beeing ended they were asked by the priuie Counsaile if any of them had any more to be sayde and they sayde no. So as then the other parte was lycenced to shewe theyr myndes which they did according to the first order exhibiting all that whiche they mente to bee propounde in a Booke written which after a prayer and inuocation made most humbly to Almightie God for the enduing of them wyth hys holy spirite and a protestation also to stande to the Doctrine of the Catholike Church buylded vpon the Scriptures and the doctrine of the Prophetes and the Apostles was distinctly read by one Robert Horne Bachelour in Diuinitie late Deane of Duresme And the same beeing ended wyth some likelyhoode as it seemed that the same was muche allowable to the audience certaine of the Bishoppes began to saye contrarie to their former answere that they had nowe muche more to say to this matter wherein although they myght haue beene well reprehended for such manner of cauillation yet for auoyding of any mistaking of orders in thys colloquie or conference and for that they should vtter all that which they had to say It was both ordered and thus openlye agreed vppon of both partes in the full audience that vpon the Monday following the Bishops shoulde bring theyr myndes and reasons in wryting to the seconde assertion and the last also if they coulde and first reade the same and that done the other parte shoulde bring likewise theyrs to the same And being read eche of them shoulde deliuer to other the same wrytings And in the meane tyme the Bishops should put in writing not onely al that which Doctour Cole had that day vttered but all suche other matters as they anye otherwise coulde thinke of for the same and as soone as they might possible to sende the same booke touching that first assertion to the other part and they shoulde receyue of them that wryting which Maister Horne had there read that day and vpon Monday it shoulde be agreed what day they shoulde exhibite their aunswers touching the first proposition Thus both partes assented thereto and the assemblie quietly dismissed And therefore vpon Monday the like assembly beganne againe at the place and houre appoynted and there vpon what sinister or disordered meaning is not yet fully knowne though in some part it be vnderstanded the Bishop of Winchester and his Colleages and especially Lyncolne refused to exhibite or reade according to the former notorious order on Fryday that whiche they had prepared for the seconde assertion And therevppon by the Lorde keeper of the great Seale they being first gentlye and fauourably requyred to keepe the order appoynted and that taking no place bring secondly as it behoued pressed with more earnest request they neyther regarding the authoritie of that place nor theyr owne reputation nor the credite of the cause vtterly refused that to doe And finally being againe particularly euerie of them a parte distinctly by name requyred to vnderstande theyr
opinions therein they all sauing one whiche was the Abbot of Westminster hauing some more consideration of order and his duetie of obedience than the other vtterly and plainly denied to haue theyr booke read some of them as more earnestly than other some so also some other more vndiscretely and vnreuerently than others Wherevpon gyuing such example of disorder stubbornnesse and selfe will as hath not beene seene and suffered in such an honourable assembly beeing of the two estates of this Realme the Nobilitie and the Commons besides the presence of the Queenes Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsaile the same assembly was dismissed and the Godly and most Christian purpose of the Queenes Maiestie made frustrate And afterwarde for the contempt so notoriously made the Bishoppes of Winchester and Lyncolne hauing most obstinately both disobeyed common authoritie and varyed manifestly from theyr owne order and specially Lyncolne who shewed more folly than the other were condignly commytted to the Tower of London and the rest sauing the Abbot of Westmynster stoode bounde to make dayly their personall apparance before the Counsaile and not to departe the Citie of London and Westminster vntil further order were takeÌ„ with them for their disobedience and contempt The three propositions wherevpon conference was determined to haue bene at VVestminster 1 It is agaynst the worde of God and the custome of the auncient Church to vse a tongue vnknowne to the people in common prayer and the administration of the Sacraments 2 Euerie Church hath authoritie to appoynt take awaye and chaunge Ceremonies and Ecclesiasticall rytes so the same bee to edification 3 It cannot bee proued by the worde of God that ther is in the Masse offred vp a sacrifice propiciasorie for the quicke and the dead The names of such as had conference in the propositions aforesayde The B. of Winchest The B. of Lichfield The B. of Chester The B. of Carliel The B. of Lincolne Doctor Cole Doctor Harpesfeld Doctor Langdall Doctor Chedsye D. Scorie B. of Chich. Doctor Coxe Maister Whitehead Maister Grindall Maister Horne Maister doctor Sandes Maister Gest Maister Aylmer Maister Iuell The Byshops and Doctors sate on the one side of the queere at a table of them prepared and the other learned men sate at an other table on the other side the same queere And at y e vpper ende thereof at an other table sate the Queenes Maiesties Counsell desirous to haue seene some good conclusion of the sayde conference although as ye may perceyue by that whiche is aboue recited it came to small effect A treatie for peace In his meane time a treatie of peace which had bin in hande the last yeare first at Lisle and after at the Abbey of Cercamp a three leagues from Dorlens betwixt y e two kings of Spaine and France was nowe renued againe and the Deputies were appoynted to meete at Chasteau Cambresi a sixe leagues distant from Cambray For the K. of Spayne the Duke of Alua the Prince of Orange the Byshop of Arras Rigomes de Silua Earle of Mellito Monsieur Viglius Zwichem Knight presidente of the priuie Counsell in the low Countreys who neuerthelesse came not bycause hee was letted by sicknesse The Deputies recommissioners appointted for the Princes For the French King there came the Cardinall of Lorayne the Connestable the Marshall of Saint Andrew the Byshop of Orleans and Claude de Aubespine y e said kings Secretarie For the Queene of England the Byshop of Elie the Lorde William Howard Baron of Effingham Lorde Chamberlayne to the sayde Queene Doctor Nicholas Wutton Deane of Caunterbury and Yorke For the Duke of Sauoy there were the Erle of Stropiana and the president of Asti And as a meane or mediatrix betwene the parties there was Christierna Duches of Loraine with hir sonne the yong Duke whiche Duches as well heere as before at Cercamp trauelled most earnestly to doe good betwixte the parties and to bring them to a small accord whose endeuoure therein was to the greate good liking and contentation of all the said parties After that this treatie had continued a long time and nowe rested nothing to stay them froÌ„ concluding a generall peace but only the article touching Calais Caâ—â—nico Saâ—… ardini The articles of the peace betwixt the Queenes Maiestie and the French kyng at length that matter was also accorded by a speciall treatie betwixte the Queenes Maiestie of England and the French King Guido Caualcanti a Gentleman of Florence beeing the meane to bring the same to effect The substaunce of whiche article was that Calais should rest in the Frenche mens handes for the tearme of eyght yeares and at the end of that tearme they couenaunted to render y e same or else for defaulte to forfeite to the Queenes highnesse the summe of fiue hundred thousande Crownes and for Puretie heereof to deliuer four hostages such as hir Maiestie should thinke sufficient and in case the towne were not deliuered at the ende of the sayde eyghte yeares although the money were payde according to the couenauntes yet notwithstanding the right and title to the saide Towne and Countrey adioyning shoulde alwayes remayne and be reserued vnto the Crowne and Realme of England It was further concluded also that a peace should be firmed and had betwixt the Realmes of England and Scotland such fortresses to be rased as had bin built and made by the Scottes and French on the bordures towards EnglaÌ„d as Hay mouth and others Sir Iohn Mason Knighte Sir Iohn Mason Secretarie for the Frenche tong was sente ouer in post wyth instructions vnto the Englishe commissioners after whose comming A generall peace betwixt the Kings of Fraunce and Spayne within two or three dayes a generall peace was concluded betwixte all the parties the articles whereof not touching England we haue of purpose omitted But nowe after the conclusion of this peace the sayde Sir Iohn Mason returned in post with the same and so therevpon the seauenth of Aprill the sayde peace was proclaymed to wit The peace proclaymed betwixt the Queenes Maiestie on the one part and the French K. on the other their Realmes dominions and subiects and likewise betwixte hir sayde Maiestie and the King Dolphin and Queene of Scottes his wife their Realmes dominions and subiects This Proclamation was made by Garter and Norrey Kinges at armes accompanyed with three other Herraultes and fyue Trumpettors the Lorde Maior of London and the Aldermed in their scarlet gownes beeing also present and riding in company of the said Herraultes The same time also Playes and enterludes forbidden for a time was another Proclamation made vnder the Queenes hand in writing inhabiting that from thenceforth no playes nor enterludes shuld be exercised til Alhallowen ride next ensuing Vppon Saterday the two and twentith of Aprill the Lorde Wentworth The Lords Wentworth arraigned and acquited late Deputie of Calais was araigned at Westminster vppon an enditemente of treason found agaynst him in