Chilo I Have taken Tyana and suffered the Man to be killed by whose as it were good Office I did it I could not love such a Traitour I willingly let the Soldiers kill him because how could he be faithful to me who spared not to betray his own Country He is the only one of all the Besieged who hath been so used I cannot deny but he was Rich. But yet I have given his Estate to his Children that none shall pretend to say that it was to get his Money I killed him The City of Tyana was taken in this manner Heraclammon betrayed to Aurelian a private place where there was a Natural rising of the Ground by which he might mount the Walls undiscovered Aurelian did so and his Purple distinguishing him to be the Emperor to the Army without and the People within and the People within seeing him upon the Walls and concluding the Town was taken as if the whole Army was with him they were so surprised that they said no more but yielded I ought not here to omit a thing which is to the Honour of the memory of the Venerable Apollonius who was a Native of the City of Tyana Aurelian it is said was seriously sometime thinking and speaking about destroying the place entirely by Fire and Sword But as he was going to his Tent that wise Man of so known Fame and Authority an Antient Philosopher and a true Friend of the Gods Apollonius Tyanaeus who is himself to be highly Apparition of Apollonius Tyanaeus Celebrated as a God appeared suddenly to him in the Form in which his Image is in the Temples at this day and spoke to him these words Aurelian Why should you think of Murdering my poor Countrymen If you would Reign in Glory abstain Aurelian from the blood of the Innocent Aurelian be merciful if you would Conquer and live your self Aurelian knew the Visage of the Venerable Philosopher again because he had seen it before in several Temples He was very much struck at it and immediately he returned to a better mind about his Treatment of the Town and promised to erect a Temple to Apollonius and to set up his Image and Statues This account is what I have received from grave Men and I have also often Read the same my self in the Books of the Ulpian Library to which I give the more Credit because I have a great respect for the Majesty of Apollonius than whom what Man hath there ever been more Holy Venerable Illustrious and Divine He raised the Dead to Life again He wrought many things beyond the power of Mankind and his Discourses were suitable to his Actions which if any Person pleases to know more particularly let him Read the Greek Books that are written of his Life My self if I live and if the favour of Apollonius will assist me in it will give the World some short account at least of the Actions of so great a Person not that they want the benefit of my Labour but that things which are really to be admired may be made universally known and famous After the taking of Tyana Aurelian marched towards Antioch proposing to all that submitted to him Indemnity for what was past At the Village of Daphne which is near Antioch he gave the Enemy a little Blow and so came to that City It is supposed the Precepts of the Venerable Apollonius had made an impression upon him for he used his Victory here with great Humanity and Clemency The next Battel was a General one and for no less than the Empire It was fought at the City of Emissa in Phaenicia against the Queen Zenobia and Zabdas her General Aurelian's Horse were spent and ready to run when some Divine Form suddenly appearing to them and encouraging them on to the Charge they took the Example of the Foot who all the while stood firm till at last they put both Zenobia and Zabdas to flight and obtained Zenobia ' s Army defeated a most accomplisht Victory Emissa readily yielded to the Conqueror who no sooner entred into it but he repaired to the Temple of Heliogabalus or the Sun to acquit himself of his Vows and Devotions according to his Duty But as he was there the same Divine Form appeared again to him which he had seen assisting him in the Battel Wherefore he there founded Temples and made great Oblations He Founded also a Temple to the Sun at Rome of extraordinary Magnificence whereof we shall have an occasion to speak hereafter Then he bent his Course against the City of Palmyra the Capitol of the Country of the People of the same name where Zenobia resided that with the taking of it he might put an end to his Labours in this part of the World The Syrian Robbers annoyed his Army often in his March and did him much mischief But in the Siege of Palmyra his Person was so far in danger that he received a slight Shot of an Arrow And the hot Work that he met with is very plainly confessed by himself in a Letter to Mucapor thus THose at Rome deride my Expedition and cry I make War against a Woman as if I had to do with none but Zenobia and that she opposed me upon her own Strength But the case is the same as if the War was with a Man and Feminine Fear and sense of her Demerits makes her besides so desperate that she is by far the worst of Enemies It canot be expressed what Showers of Arrows Darts and Stones she sends us and how prepared she is for her defence here There is no part of the Wall that is not planted with two or three Batterers She throws Fire at us out of her Engines In fine she Fights not like a Woman but with the Audacity of a Man in Despair However I trust that the Gods who never have been wanting to our Endeavours will still assist the Roman Empire At length Aurelian fatigued and weary of so troublesome a Siege sent a Letter into the Town to Zenobia to require her to surrender and he promised her her life The Letter was this Aurelian the Emperor of the Roman World and the Protector of the East to Zenobia and those in Arms with her THAT which I require you now to do by my Letter you ought assuredly to have done of your own Motion I order you to Surrender and I promise you your Lives with impunity You Zenobia and your Children shall only be obliged to lead your Lives there where I with the advice of the most Noble Senate shall place you Your Jewels Silver Gold Silks Horses and Camels must be disposed of to the Exchequer at Rome The People of this Country of Palmyra shall be preserved in their Rights Zenobia receiving this Letter wrote him Haughty mind of Zenobia back an Answer which was more Haughty and more Proud indeed than the Condition of her Fortune required But I suppose it might â—e to amuse him Her Letter was this
of the Mountain Aetna from thence to view the Rising Sun how various they say it appears there in its Colours in the Nature of those of the Rainbow From Sicily he came home to Rome and from Rome he crossed the Sea again into Africa leaving many Marks of his Liberality upon the Provinces of that Country so that one may say that scarce never hath there been a Prince known to Travel over so much Land and with so much dispatch as he He had no sooner returned back to Rome out of Africa but he set upon a New Voyage into the East and took his way through Athens The Works which he had begun at Athens he now finished and dedicated amongst the rest the Temple and the Altar of Jupiter Olympius In Asia as he travelled he likewise Consecrated Temples there which abide as so many Memorials of his Name Whilst he was in Cappadocia he admitted a Number of the People of that Country into the Service of his Army He invited the Princes and the Kings of the Dominions where he came to joyn in Friendship with him Particularly he invited to his Friendship Chosroes the King of Parthia to whom he returned his Daughter that Trajan had formerly taken Captive promising the same as to a Chair of State which had been then likewise taken and carried away in that War He received those Kings when they came so generously and treated them in that manner that others who staid away upon the Account especially of Pharismanes who insolently slighted him might have an occasion to repent themselves As he traversed the Provinces he punished some Procurators and some Presidents of them for their Malversations so severely that they said he had a mind certainly to encourage Accusers to appear against them He had a great Displeasure against the People of Antioch wherefore it was in his Thoughts to separate Syria from Phoenicia that Antioch should not be said to be the Metropolis of so many Cities The Jews about this time broke into a War because they were forbidden to Circumcise themselves He went upon the Mountain Lison which is near Antioch in the Night for the Curiosity of observing from thence the Rising-Sun Jupiter was worshipped upon that Mountain to whom as Hadrian was Sacrificing there a violent Storm arose with Thunder and Lightning which blasted both the Victim and the Priest He traversed Arabia and came to the City of Pelusium or Belvais in Egypt The Tomb of Pompey which is at this City being decayed he rebuilt it with greater Magnificence As he was sailing upon the Nile his dear Antinous died for whom he wept with all the tenderness and the weakness of a Woman His Grief for Antinous weeping for her Husband There are several reports about that Youth Some say that he devoted himself a Sacrifice for Hadrian Others that he was what his Beauty might probably incite him to be and the too great Pleasure which Hadrian took in a Burdash However it was the Grecians at the desire of Hadrian made a God of him and we are told of Oracles which have been uttered by him but they are rather some supposed Compositions of Hadrian who was excellent at Verse and indeed at all sorts of the Belles Lettres For he had a great Hand at Arithmetick Geometry and Painting He understood Musick and played perfectly well upon many Instruments and Sung Loving his Pleasures so excessively as he did he could not but Compose many Poems of his Amours Together with which he was a Master in the matter of Arms had the Military Art in perfection and was skilled at the Weapons of the Gladiatours He was a Person equally Severe and Pleasant Affable and Grave Active and Considerate Close and Liberal Cruel and Merciful in all things ever various He enriched his Friends though they never did ask him any favour and to others upon their asking he denyed nothing But yet he was easie to give ear to every Tale which was but whispered concerning them And this was the occasion that almost all those whom either he had dearly loved or whom he had raised to the highest Honours were afterwards treated by him as Enemies His Severity and Injustice as was Tatianus Nepos and Septimius Clarus Thus also Eudaemon who had once been Privy to all his Counsels and his Confident in the very Affair of his aspiring to the Empire was reduced by him to extreme Beggery He constrained Polyaenus and Marcellus to murder themselves He made the most notorious defamatory Libels upon Heliodorus He suffered Tatianus under a pretence of his being in a Conspiracy against him to be Arraigned and Proscribed He persecuted Numidius Quadratus Catilius Severus and Turbo very grievously He put to death Servianus his Sisters Husband when he was in his Ninetieth Year only because he would be sure that he should not out-live him In fine he Persecuted without remission both his Servants and his Soldiers As ready as he was at his Compositions always in Prose and Verse and skilled in all the Liberal Arts he yet laught at the Publick Professors of the Arts and triumphed over them entered many times into Solemn Disputes with all of them together and with all the Philosophers only for the Glory of Composing better Books or better Verses than they He excepted once particularly against a Word which was used by Favorinus who modestly submitting himself to him in it but being blamed by his Friends for yielding the Cause so in a Word for which there was sufficient Authority to be produced out of good Authors Favorinus made a very pleasant Jest upon it Says he My Friends you are much mistaken if you do not allow me to believe him to be a Learneder Man than us all who is the Master of Thirty Legions So fond was he of his Glory as to this Talent that he writ his own Life and afterwards gave it to his Servants that were Scholars to publish it only under their Names Thus the Books under the name of Phlegon are Hadrians The Catachriani are his which are extremely obscure pieces in imitation of Antimachus The Poet Florus having written to him thus as follows Ego nolo Caesar esse Ambulare per Britannos Scythicas pati Pruinas That is I desire not to be Caesar To Ramble amongst the Britains And be starved with the Frosts of Scythia He answered him again thus Ego nolo Florus esse Ambulare per Tabernas Latitare per popinas Culices pati rotundos That is I desire not to be Florus To Ramble amongst the Taverns Skulk about the Eating-Houses And be stung to death with Gnats He took more delight in the Antient Writings His Learning than the Modern and was pleased with making Declamations He preferred Cato to Cicero Ennius to Virgil and Caelius to Salust the like Judgement he passed upon Homer and Plato He pretended to understand Judicial Astrology so very well that upon the Calends of January in the Evening he would constantly set
flourish'd in the time of the Emperor Dioclesian to whom he dedicates the Life of Adrian as also those of Aelius Verus of Didius Julianus of Severus and of Pescennius Niger He has likewise left us the Life of Antoninus Caracalla but without any Dedication As for that of Antoninus Geta we find it addressed to Constantinus Augustus It seems also from the beginning of the Life of Aelius Verus as if he had written the Lives of those Emperors who reigned before Adrian And about the latter end of the Life of that Emperor he gives us a view of what he had designed in these words Having proposed to my self to write the History of all those who since the time of Julius have b◠〈…〉 called Caesars or Augustus or that have 〈…〉 â—rinces adopted or Natural Sons of the 〈…〉 ors or This relates to their Apotheosis Consecrated as Caesar's Kind 〈…〉 But we have no Reason to believe that he ever finished that Design since Vopiscus who lived after him affirms in the Life of Aurelian that the Life of that Prince had never been written by any one before himself As to the rest the Learned Salmasius tells us that in the Collection of Spartian ' s Works which he found in the Palatine Library there were further attributed to him the Life of Antoninus Pius and those of Antoninus the Philosopher of Verus of Pertinax of Clodius Albinus and of Macrinus which are published under the Name of Julius Capitolinus and also that of Avidâ—us Cassius commonly supposed to be written by Vulcatius Gallicanus and moreover the Lives of Commodus of Antoninus Diadumenus of Heliogabalus and of Alexander Severus which are attributed to Lampridius But I shall have occasion to speak hereafter of those which are supposed to be written by Vulcatius and Lampridius As for the other that go under the Name of Julius Capitolinus Vossius had this Opinion of them viz. that the particular Collection of Lives above mentioned in the Palatine Library is no sufficient Reason for us to recede from the commonly received Opinion that Capitolinus was the Author of them nor ought we to be at all surprised that we find here as many Books as there are Lives nor yet at what Capitolinus himself somewhere tells us that he would if he saw it convenient include the Lives of two or more Emperors together in one Volume for in fine he was not always of the sa 〈…〉 â—ind having in the beginning designed a 〈…〉 lar Book for each Life and afterwards i 〈…〉 d several Lives in one as is evident from 〈…〉 〈…〉 ginning of the Lives of the Gordiani whereof we will treat more largely in the Life of Capitolinus As for the Stile of Spartianus and the other Composers of the following History which we find commonly joyn'd together Erasmus has this of them in his Ciceronian One can find nothing besides the Truth of the History in those Authors that is useful or entertaining for to speak the Truth of them they retain very little of the Purity of the Latin Tongue But here Erasmus is a little too severe and what Reputation soever he may have acquired for Learning and particularly for his Knowledge in the Latin Tongue yet in this case we ought no more to rely on what he says than on Horace in the Case of Plautus or on Quintilian in that of Seneca and some others who notwithstanding their Reflections have continued to preserve an inviolable Reputation Vulcatius Gallicanus THE Sâ—NATOR TO understand how far Vulcatius Gallicanus had engag'd himself to give us the History of the times wherein he lived we need only have recourse to those words of his in the Life of Avidius Cassius which is the only one he has left us viz. I design says he to Dioclesian Augustus to write the Lives of all those who either justly or unjustly have been stiled Emperor to the end to represent as it were at once to your view all that have arrived to the Imperial Dignity or been honoured by the Title of Augustus But it is certain that he never accomplished that Design since Vopiscus as I before mentioned tells us speaking of himself that he was the first that ever writ the Life of Aurelian and we may safely conclude that Vopiscus lived some time after Vulcatius since he makes mention of Trebellius Pollio at the beginning of the Life of Aurelian and of Julius Capitolinus and Aelius Lampridius at the beginning of the Life of Probus But those were all contemporary with Vulcatius But it may not be unworthy our observation that among the antient Collections of the Works of Spartian in the Palatine Library we find that of Avidius Cassius attributed there to him as the Learned Salmasius has remarked who seems inclinable to think that they are one and the same Author both by reason of the time wherein he lived and of the Stile and same Design of the History because as Lampridius relates he had proposed â—o himself to write an History of all the Emper 〈…〉 â—ho lived since Julius Caesar who had been 〈…〉 fied by the Title of Caesar's or Augustus and to make thereof as many Books as he should write Lives Which you may also read in the third Chapter of the Life of Avidius Cassius The Lives of all those who had either justly or unjustly been stiled Emperors as we have already remarked We may add to this that as it is certain that Lampridius never accomplish'd his Design so the Author of the Life of Cassius has also left his imperfect For as I have already said Vopiscus maintains that no one before him had written the Life of Aurelian and he has made no mention at all of Vulcatius when he had a very fair Opportunity of doing it where he tells us That in his Memoirs he would content himself to imitate Gargilius Martialis Julius Capitolinus Aelius Lampridius and others who in what they had transmitted to Posterity had been more observant of the Truth of the History than of elegance of Style But it may be said that he also comprehended Vulcatius in these words and others c. and that he would not express the Name of this Author because though he might propose to himself to write of all the Emperors yet that might only be perhaps out of some sort of Emulation of Spartianus and that there is great probability he contented himself with only the Life of Avidius or perhaps some one more that may be since lost To this also may be added that if this Life of Cassius had not been written by Vulcatius how comes it about that it never went under thâ—â—ame of Spartianus of Lampridius or of Ca 〈…〉 nus Or if there had been any Error in the Manuscripts it is probable some would have gone under one Name and some under another and yet we find in all the Copies and all the Editions the Name of Vulcatius Gallicanus prefixt to them which we find no where else and in that it is
Brother Florianus to which he likewise adds that of Probus which he Dedicates to Rufus Celsus as he calls him in the Life of Firmus Afterwards he Composed those of the four Tyrants Firmus Saturninus Proculus and Bonosus and lastly those of the three Emperors Carus Numerianus and Carinus at once which is all remains of his for we have no Author that attributes any thing else to him As for the time wherein he liv'd we have sufficient Authorities to ascertain it He tells us himself that his Uncle was present at that Harangue made when Aper was killed by Dioclesian In the Life of Carinus he Celebrates the praises of Dioclesian and Maximinian of Galerius and Constantius and says that each of their Lives was written in so many particular Books by Claudius Eusthenius Secretary to Dioclesian And says on that very Subject it must not be Expected that he should do the same because it is very dangerous to Write the Histories of Princes while they are alive Whence it is Evident that he lived after the time Constantius Chlorus Father of Constantinus And he says in the Life of Aurelian We have at present Constantius for our Emperor But I am apt to think that that was the first Life he Writ and that he Composed that of Carinus after the death of Constantius for if it be not so in the room of Constantius we must read the Emperor Constantinus or else understand Constantius Son of the said Constantinus But the first of these two Opinions is far the most probable and certainly by those words which we find in the Life of Probus it is Evident that he Writ long before that the life of Aurelian viz. But since no other undertakes it I cannot suffer after having been the only Person that has Writ the Life of Aurelian which I did as exactly as I could and having also Composed the Lives of Tacitus and Florienus that that of Probus and the memory of his glorious Actions should lye buried in silence If I live I design also to write all the Lives of the Princes since his time down to Maximiaâ— and Dioclesian Methinks we have reason to praise in Vopiscus besides his Learning the order which he always observes in the recital of what he Writes which Spartianus Capitolinus and the other Authors of the Imperial History have not took so much care of since in the Judgment of several Affairs therein are far more Confused He had likewise proposed to himself to Write the Life of Apollonius Tyanaeus whose Sorceries the Gentiles made use of to oppose and set up against the true Miracles of Jesus Christ and in the Life of Aurelian he calls that Impostor A Person who had acquir'd a vast Reputation by his Wisdom in the ancient Opinions of the Philosophers a real Friend of Truth and worthy of Divine Honours And a little after What Person was ever seen more holy more venerable more possessed of the Opinions of the Ancients and more Divine among Men He restored Life to the Dead and both spoke and did many things above the reach of human Power But if any one would know more as to the particulars let him read those Grecian Authors who have written his Life From these words it is easie to guess what a Rhapsody of Lies we might have expected from Vopiscus concerning this Person whom he so much admired if he had writ his Life which he presently after promises in Language which sufficiently testifies the Veneration he paid to his memory
Name to be Engraved upon any of them but upon the Temple of Trajan He re-edified the Pantheon at Rome together with the Septa the Temple of Neptune a great many Religious Houses the Forum of Augustus and the Bagnio of Agrippa all which he Consecrated anew but still under their Proper and their Antient Names He built a Bridge over thâ— Tiber which he called by his own name together with a Sepulchre for himself near the Tiber. He translated the Temple of the Goddess Cybele from the place where it was to another He did the same to a Colossus which stood there where now is the Temple of the City This was a great and a laborious Task It was removed in the Posture in which it was standing being raised by the Architect Daetrianus four and twenty Elephants were Employed upon it After he had Re-consecrated this vast Coloss to the Sun which before was Consecrated to Nero whose Head was to it he proposed to build such another Monument to the honour of the Moon by the Hand of the Architect Apollodorus He was most extremely Affable and Courteous in his Discourses which he had with Persons of low degree and he hated such as should Envy him a Pleasure which was so sensible to him upon the pretence of maintaining the Gravity and Port of a Prince At Alexandria in the Academy he both proposed several Questions to be answered by the Professors and answered others which they proposed to him Marius Maximus says that he was in his own Nature Cruel but yet that he did many Pious and obliging things the reason whereof was his fear that he might otherwise have the same Fortune with that which befel Domitian Although he did not love Titles and Inscriptions upon his Works he however called several Cities even Carthage it self and a part of Athens together with a multitude of Aqueducts after his own name He was the first who Created the Officer called Advocatus Fisci that is Advocate of the Exchequer He had a happy Memory His Memory and Wit and admirable Parts He dictated all his own Speeches and answered to every thing himself There are several of his Jests being a very pleasant Man in Conversation Amongst the rest this is one an old Man in Gray Hairs having asked him something which he denyed him and coming to ask it again but with his Hair tinged first unto a youthful colour says he to him I have already denyed this thing to your Father He remembred Persons by their Names so very well without the help of a Prompter that though he had heard them but once he presently corrected any one that mistook them He remembred even the Names of all the old Soldiers whom he had disbanded The Books which he read though they were out of the common way and difficult he would repeat to you again almost entirely by heart At one and the same time he Writ Dictated hearken'd to Discourse and discoursed himself with his Ministers He retained in his mind all the Publick Affairs so well that no diligent Master of a Family better knows those of his own House He loved his Horses and Dogs to that degree that he built them Tombs and writ them Epitaphs He built a Town which he caâ—led Adrianotherae in a certain place in Moesia only because he had hunted with good Success there at what time he kill'd a Bear with his own hand He made an exact enquiry always into all things acted by the Presidents of the Provinces until he was satisfied in the Truth He suffered not his Servants whom he had Manumitted to Influence him nor to be thought to do so He said that it was the easiness of the Princes his Predecessours which had been the occasion always of the Vices of those Men. Therefore if any of his pretended to have gained an Interest in him he presently punished them We have an instance of this Nature in what he did particularly to one of them whom he saw out of a Window walking in the midst betwixt two Senatours It is severe and yet it comes something near to a piece of Raillery He sent one to him to give him a Box on the Ear and to tell him That it was not for him to walk betwixt two Senatours to whom he might still be reduced to be a Slave Of all Dishes of Meat his fancy was especially for an Oglio of Pheasants Brawn c. In his time a Famine a Plague and an Earthquake happen'd For all which he expiated the Gods by Sacrifices as much as it was possible and generously succoured the People and the Cities that were laid wast by them There was also an Inundation of the Tiber. He made several Cities free of Rome and to others he remitted their Tribute No great Expeditions happened under his Reign His Wars passed over almost in silence He was beloved by the Soldiers because he took always a great Care of them and was very bountiful to them The Parthians were his stedfast Friends because he delivered them from the Yoke which Trajan had imposed upon them He permitted the Armenians to have a King of their own whereas under Trajan they received a Roman Lieutenant He did not exact of the Mesopotamians the Tribute which was imposed upon them by Trajan The Countries of Albania and Iberia were very affectionate to him The Kings of the Bactrians sent their Ambassadors to him and humbly desired his Friendship He oftentimes himself appointed the Persons His Care of the Publick who should be the Guardians to minors He took Care of the publick Manners no less than he did of the Discipline of the Army He commanded the Senators and the Roman Gentlemen to appear always in Publick in Gowns Accordingly himself when in Italy went always in a Gown He received the Senators standing when they came to wait upon him at his Banquets He settled with the help of the Magistrates for that purpose the Expences beyond which no one should exceed in their Feasts which he reformed according to the antient Julian Law He forbad the Citizens to appear attended with so much heavy Equipages as they did coming out of the Country He suffered not the Baths to be opened before Two a Clock in the Afternoon unless it was for the Sick He was the first of the Emperors who took of the Knights and Gentlemen to serve him as his Secretaries He had a Compassion for such amongst them as were poor and he knew were of an innocent Life as much as on the other hand he hated a Man who was grown Rich by Craft He took great Care to observe the Holy Rites of the Religion of the Romans But as for others which were of Foreign Institution he slighted them He officiated in Person as High Priest He many times had Causes tried before him at Rome and in the Provinces admitting the Consuls the Praetors and some of the best Heads of the Senate to his assistance as his Council He
should happen to him they desired him before he went that he would discover to them his Precepts of Philosophy which at their Entreaty he did in Discourses to them which he continued three Days together Besides this Avidius Cassius was a strict Man for Military Discipline insomuch that he was willing to have himself be called a Marius Now having begun to make mention of his His strict Discipline Strictness there are many Instances not to be omitted in which he shew'd himself not so properly to say strict as he was cruel For first if the Soldiers had taken but the least thing by violence from the People of the Provinces he crucified them immediately upon the place where they committed the Fact He had another way of executing them which was purely of his own Invention which was this A great Stake of Timber was set up which was Eighty or a Hundred Foot high the condemned were tied to this Stake in Ranks from the top to the bottom at the bottom was a Fire which burnt some to Death whilst others were suffocated with the Smoak and others were sometimes frightned to Death He hath ordered Ten in a Body to be chain'd and thrown into a River or into the Sea together To Deserters he many times cut off their Hands or their Legs and Thighs saying The Example of a Criminal living in that manner in misery is of a greater Force than if he was kill'd at a blow A Party of the Auxiliaries once in the Army under his Command had without his knowledge surprised the Sarmatae as they were lying carelesly upon the Banks of the Danube of whom they killed Three Thousand and returned to their Corps again with a great Booty And as it was their Centurions that had put them upon this Action the Centurions expected to be rewarded for it because with a handful of Men they had killed such a Number of the Enemy whilst the Tribunes and the other Officers had neglected the Opportunity that was offered But for their Reward he ordered them to be all taken and which is a thing without Example crucified like Slaves He said It might have happened that the Enemy had had a Trick in it and an Ambuscade which would have much reflected upon the Honour of the Roman Name So a great Mutiny upon this arising in the Army he came immediately to them and said Kill me if you think fit and add that Fact more to this Corruption of Discipline At which they were all appeased He shew'd he did not fear them and this made him to be feared by them Which added such Strength to the Discipline of the Romans and struck such a Regard on the other side into the Enemy that they came and begged of the Emperor Antoninus an Hundred Years Peace having had the Satisfaction to see those very Persons who had gotten a Victory over them condemned to Death by the Judgment of the Roman General himself because without his permission they had without Orders gained that Victory Many more of his Severities upon the Soldiers are to be seen in Aemilius Parthenianus he caused them to be beaten with Rods in the Markets and in the midst of the Camp he cut off their Heads or many times their Hands He forbad them to carry any thing with them in an Expedition beside Bacon Bisket and Vinegar which if he found they transgressed he not a little punished their Luxury A LETTER from the Emperor Marcus Antoninus to the Lieutenant of Syria says thus of him I Have given the Legions of Syria which Caesonius Vectilianus says that he found all in Hot Baths dissolved in Luxury and living in all sorts of Pleasures to the Command of Avidius Cassius and I think I have not done amiss You know him a Man of the Severity and Discipline of the antient Cassii and to speak truly without the Antient Discipline the Soldiers cannot be well governed You remember that good Verse of the Poet Moribus antiquis res stat Romana virilis That is the Customs of our Fore-fathers and such Persons as were in those days are the best Supports of the Empire of Rome Do you take care that there be sufficient Provisions laid up for the said Legions and if I am not mistaken in Avidius Cassius he is one that will not let them be lost The ANSWER of the Lieutenant to Marcus Antoninus was this IT is well dove Sir that your Majesty hath preferred Cassius to the Command of the Legions of Syria For there is nothing so convenient aâ— a severe sort of a Man for those Grecianised Soldiers He will strip them of all their hot Baths and shake all their fine Flowers off of their Heads their Necks and their Bosoms All the necessary Provisions for the Legions are ready and nothing will be wanting so long as they have so good a Commander over them Nor were they mistaken in their Judgments which they had of Avidius Cassius He immediately commanded the Soldiers to their respective Colours and published an Order that if any one of them was but seen at Daphne he should be cashiered Every Seventh Day he examined their Arms and Cloaths and Equipages He banished all sorts of Pleasures from the Camp and unless they corrected their Manners he assured them they should pass the Winter there in their Tents which certainly had been done if they had not lived more soberly He exercised the whole Body of them every Seventh Day at their Arrows and their Arms. It was a miserable thing he said that Wrestlers Huntsmen and Gladiators should be continually exercised and not Soldiers to whom their Labours are always the less after they are once accustomed to them Thus correcting the Discipline of the Army and ordering all things well in Armenia Arabia and Egypt he made himself to be beloved by all the Eastern People especially by those of Antioch insomuch that that City consented to his Assumption of the Empire as Marius Maximus says in the Life of Marcus Antoninus who in his Second Book of the same Life says also that when the Robbers of the Parts called Bucolia in Egypt had committed many Disorders there which were heavy upon that Kingdom they were reduced again under subjection by Cassius Now this Cassius set himself up in the East Cassius usurps the Empire to be Emperor some say by an Intrigue of Faustina who despairing of the long Life of her Husband Mareus Antoninus was in a fear that she alone should not be able to protect her Infant-Children and that somebody should come upon the Throne who would destroy them But however this is to take the Soldiers and the People off of their Love to Marcus Antoninus in order to bring them to consent to himself Cassius served himself of an Artifice which was to give out that Marcus was dead and to qualify the Regret of his Loss he mentioned him with the Respect of one made a God Then as Emperor he chose himself a Captain of
dear Juvenalis who was the Captain of the Guards to him to think that my Geta shall be a God in whose Nativity I see nothing to make him an Emperor Nor did his skill at all deceive him for after Geta had been killed by his Brother and his Brother apprehended that he had drawn upon himself the hatred of a Tyrant by the Crime he understanding that it would be sweetned if he did but declare Geta a God cried Sit Divus dum not sit Vivus Let him be a God so he is not an Emperor and so he Consecrated him by which the Murderer in some measure retrieved to himself the good Grace of the People again Geta Antoninus was born at the City of Milan under the Consulships of Severus and Vitellius upon the sixth of the Calends of June His Mother was Julia who was Severus's second Wife being her whom he had chosen to Marry because he had heard that she had it Good and bad Omens in her Nativity to be the Wife of a King though himself was at that time a private Person only in a good Employment in the State As soon as he was born it was told by one that a Hen had laid an Egg in the House which was of a Purple colour So the Egg was brought up but Bassianus taking it in his hands and letting it fall like a Child to the Ground that it brake Julia said to him laughing You wicked Villain you have killed your Brother Severus took more notice of this Expression at that time than any other Body but afterwards all the Company lookt upon it as a thing spoken as it were by Inspiration Another Omen that happened was this upon the same day and in the same hour that Geta was born a Plebeian of the name of Antoninus had at his Farm in the Country a Lamb kidded with a mark upon his Head of the colour of Purple and being informed by a Soothsayer that an Antoninus should succeed to the Empire after Severus he very fondly interpreted it of himself but however killed the Lamb in which consisted the sign of the death of Geta for fear that the Omen of so high a Fortune should bring him into danger I would add one thing more which the Event made People to interpret to the same purpose which is that when Severus one day Celebrated the Birth of Geta his Brother Bassianus killed the Sacrifice himself in the place of the Priest A Circumstance not then considered nor taken notice of but it was afterwards very well understood when that Brother had sacrificed his Brother Geta was in his temper a rough sort of a His Personage and Conditions Youth though not to a Fault handsome a little eager a lover of delicious Wines and good Chear There is this Story of him which is remarkable when he was a Boy His Father the Emperor Severus being for Eradicating wholly the Parties that opposed him said once to his Sons I do but rid you of your Enemies So Bassianus advised him to cut them off all Root and Branch them and their Children but Geta askt the question how many of them they were His Father telling him says he again Have they Parents and Relations living Yes Then says he there will be more People in Rome sorry for your Victory than there will be that are glad of it And certainly Geta's Opinion had carried it had not Plautianus the Captain of Guards and Juvenal who had great interests insisted upon the contrary in hopes of enriching themselves by the Confiscation of the Estates which was again seconded by the excessive Cruelty of Bassianus who persisting in his first Opinion and saying He would have them all cut off them and their Children says Geta to him You who spare no Body would kill your own Brother Which as then spoken signified nothing but afterwards it appeared to be a sort of a Prophesie He had an excellent Memory to improve himself by what he read in the Antients and by what his Father taught him His Brother had always hated him but he was more beloved by his Mother Julia than ever Bassianus was by his He spoke agreeably though something Stammering he was curious in his Dress to excess and whatever was presented him he applied it to his own Ornament without giving it away to any body living After the Parthian War at what time his Father flourished in great glory as Bassianus was declared a Partner in the Empire with his Father so Geta was Created a Caesar and honoured with the name of Antoninus Geta. It was an usual diversion with him to propose to the Grammarians Questions about the several Cries and Voices of Animals As the Sheep Bleats the Swine Grunts the Dove Coos the Lion Roars the Elephant Brays the Frog Croaks the Horse Whinnies the Ass Brays the Ox Lows and to prove the use of the proper Latin Terms for each out of the Antients He read much in the Books of Serenus Sammonicus written to Antoninus As to the Table he took a pleasure to observe an Alphabet according to which as every Letter came on each day in its Course his Servants that knew it and were well skilled in the Arts of eating provided things of the names beginning with that Letter As for example for the Letter P. Puddings Plover Pullet Partridge Peacock Pig Piscis Plumbs and so upon other days for the other Letters in order Which is an Argument that from his Youth he had a gay choice of things and was a very pleasant Person After he was killed by his Brother a Party of the Soldiers who had not been Corrupted resented his Murder very ill saying all of them That they had promised Fidelity to the two Sons of Severus and ought to keep it equally to them both Accordingly they kept fast the Passes of their Camp and refused to give entrance to Bassianus till he had flattered them up and had appeased their Heats by giving them a Bounty which was vastly great After this Papinian and many others were Massacred who had either encouraged the good agreement of the two Brothers or had appeared to be of the Side of Geta. Persons of Quality of both the Senatorian and the Equestrian Orders were Butchered up and down publickly in the Baths and other places Papinian died by the Axe Bassianus finding fault with the Executioner that he had not done it with a Sword In the mean time he was so afraid of his own Person that he wore a Coat of Mail under his Purple when he went to the Senate to give them an account of what he did and of the death of Geta. At which time as Faustinus the Praetor repeated the Imperial Style saying Sarmaticus Maximus and Parthicus Maximus Titles which Bassianus had gained by his Victories over the Sarmatae and the Parthians Helvius Pertinax the Son of the Emperor of that name suggested it to him to say and add to the rest Geticus Maximus as if he meant it
336. Death 337. Cruelties 339. A Libel upon him 342. Magirus 365. Mallia Scantilla 218. Mammaea 337 392 455. Marcommanick War 122 154. Marcus Antoninus His Education 101 108. Family 106. Exercises 111. Adoption ibid. Espousals 113. Good Government 115. Wars 116 122. Laws 118 134. Deference to the Senate ibid. Moderation 121. Death 127 130. Clemency 167. Letters vid. Letters Speech 171. Marius Maximus 300. Martia 185 188 192 222. Martial 85. Marullus 115. Maximin 458. Maximus 33. Mesomedes 97. Messene 32. Months 188. Motilenus 186. N. NApoli di Barbaria 227 229. Narcissus 243. Neratius Priscus 44 64. Nerva Remits the Persecution of the Christians 2. Moderation 3. Adopts Trajan 5. Death 6. Burial 8. Nigrinus 47. Nisibis 33. Nismes 55 89. O. OLbiopolis 100. Omens 77 92 212 228 253 290 321 348 406 456. Omulus 103 113. Ordination of Jewish and Christian Priests 438. Orpheus 421. Orphitus 99. Ovid. 85. Ovinius Camillus 440. P. PAcorus 100. Paenula 419. Pallas 361. Palmas 19 43. 47. Papinian 308 309 313. Paris 360. Parthamasiris 22 23. Parthamaspates 33 35 45. Paulus 419. Pelusium 58. Perennis 180 182. Pertinax His Extraction 198. Employments 199. Declared Emperor 202. Ordinances 205. Death 209. Personage 210. Character 211. Honours 213. Pescennius Niger His Extraction 268. Personage 275. Skill in Civil Affairs 276. and Military Discipline 277. Defeated 238 274. Beloved 269. Personal hardships 281. Expressions ibid. Epitaph 282. Petronius 309. Phalanx 443. Pharismanes 58 64. 100. Phlegon 61. Plague 123 151. Plautianus 235 243. Plato 422 138. Pletorius Nepos 43 60 72. Pliny 37. Plotina 10 43 44 56. Pompeianus 309. Posthumii 288. Pozzuolo 77. Priscianus 97. Probus 236. Prodigies 100 191. Q. QUadratus 158 179. Quindecim Viri 414. Quintillii 180. R. REd Sea 31. Rhoa 33. Rimethalces 100. Rome 185. Rope-Dancing 122. Roxolani 47. S. SAbina 39 54 72. Sabinus 371. Salvius Julianus 64 178 180 215. Satala 23. Scaurinus 394 144. Scevus Aurelianus 275. Schemsat 23. Seleucia 33. 152. Semiamira 357 359 373. Senate Acclamations 177 397. Act against Commodus 194. Act in favour of Severus 397. Senate of Women 359. Septimius Arabinus 420. Septimius Clarus 51 54 60. Septimus Severus declared Emperor 221 233. His Extraction 227. Advancements 228. Marriage 231 396. Enters Rome 234. Expedition against Niger 237. Against Albinus 239. Severity 241 247. Laws 246. Refuses a Triumph 246. Successes 247. Death 248. Personage 250. Works 254 Treachery 293. Serapis 134 246 418. Serenus Sammonicus 310 422. Servianus 40 50 60. Seville 36 39. Sextus 109 144. Sichem 238. Silvinus 371. Similes 51. Soaterus 178 179. Spasinum 32. Speeches of Albinus 287 301. Pinnius 331. Macrinus 334 345. Diadumenus 346. Alexander Severus vide Alexander Severus Of Marcus Antoninus vide Marcus Antoninus Statius Priscus 150. Suetonius 54. Sulpitius Apollinaris 199. Swift 149 155. T. TArragona 56 230. Tarruntinus Paternus 179 180. Tatianus 39 43 50 51 60. Teflis 117. Terentius Gentianus 72. Tertullus 140. Thrasybulus 457. Tigris 29 31. Tivoli 76. Trajan His Adoption 5. Dream 9. Character 11. Triumph 15. Bridge over the Danube 17. Works 21. Courted by the Eastern Kings 22. Titles 26. Passes the Tygris 29. At Babylon 30. Expedition on the Red Sea 31. Death 36. Deified 46. Image carried in Triumph 46. Trajanople 36. Tralles 92. Treasure Trouve 65. Triarius Maternus 204. Tripoli 247. Tullius Crispinus 218 222 224. Turbo 43 47 51 60. Turinus 428. Tyber 115. V. VErus Antoninus His Birth and Family 143. Education 144. Preferments 145. Emperor 146. Luxury 147. Negligence 149. Return out of Syria 151. Vanities 155. Death ibid. Personage ibid. Letter 158. Vespronius Candidus 221 Vesta 361. Veterasinus 121. Virgil 424. Virginius Rufus 4. Vitruvius Secundus 180. Ulpian 371 408 423 444. Ulpius Marcellus 103. Volusius Metianus 109. W. WArhel 15 19. Wife 86. 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History I would wish that you would take them and consider them and add the things to them that you find relating to his Life I will promise to furnish you with that Journal out of the Ulpian Library You will see it contains almost all things concerning him because it is a Book in which the Occurrences of every day as they happened were set down by his own especial Order So I would desire you to represent him to the World justly as he was to your Power I submitted to what the Governour said and commanded me and I furnished my self both with the Greek Historians and all things else necessary to my purpose out of which I have compiled according to the best of my Judgment his small Treatise which I here desire to make a Present of Sir to you And if this does not satisfie you I can only refer you to the Greek Originals and to the Journal in the Ulpian Library which you may be free to examin when you please We had some Discourse whilst we were in the same Chariot together concerning Trebellius Pollio who hath written an Account of all the Emperors whether of famous or of obscure Note from the Two Philips to the Emperor Claudius and his Brother Quintillus The Governour said That Trebellius Pollio had delivered several things without due care and others too short To which I made him answer That there is no Writer of History but what hath his Mistakes in one kind or other I shew'd him particularly in what Livy in what Salust in what Cornelius Tacitus in what Trogus Pompeius are evidently mistaken and proved to be so He agreed with me and giving me his Hand very pleasantly said Write as thou wilt You may be sure whatever you say you lye with good Company and no less than the Chief Historians that are so much admired in the World To make no further Preamble then which Extraction of Aurelian would but be impertinent the Emperor Aurelian was born at the Town of Sirmium in the Lower Pannonia or Sclavonia that is the generality of Men place his Birth there Some give him to the Province of Dacia Ripensis and one Author I remember I have read that makes him to be born in Moesia As it often happens in Persons who raise themselves so from a low Birth that the true place of their Nativity is unknown and in the mean time others are devised or dissembled for them which may seem to reflect upon them a greater Honour However it is not a matter of such moment to know of a great Prince where he was born as what signalized him and made him great Do we admire Plato because he was born at Athens or because he was so singular and so illustrious a Philosopher Or are Aristotle and Zeno the less because they were born in the little Villages of Stagira and Elea Or is Anacharsis the meaner because he was a Scythian born When the Merits of the Philosophy of all these have every where raised their Fame to the Heavens Aurelian was born of an obscure Family and mean Parents He had a great vivacity of Wit from his first Years He was remarkably strong of Body and never passed a Day though it was a Holy-day and a time of publick rest without exercising himself at the Javelin the Arrow and other Arms. Callicrates Tyrius who is one of the most Learned Grecian Writers says that the Mother of Aurelian was a Priestess of the Temple of the Sun in that Village where she and her Husband lived and that she had something of the Power of Divination in her particularly once reviling the follies of her Husband and his low Condition she said to him You the Father of an Emperor As if she had a prescience of Aurelian's being hereafter an Emperor which yet further he says was predicted by many other Tokens A Serpent came and incircled Omens of his future Reign it self often about the Vessel in which he was washed nor would his Mother when she saw it suffer it to be killed but made much of it and it escaped the Attempts that were made by any to kill it The Emperor then reigning having made an Offering to the Temple of the Sun where Aurelian's Mother was a Priestess of a Cloak of Purple she took it and cut into Swathing Cloaths for her Child At the same time she had a Calf born of a wonderful bigness white spotted with purple and upon his Skin on the one side was the figure of a Crown on the other the word Ave that is Hail a Salutation given to the Emperor The before-mentioned Callicrates Tyrius produces many more Omens which I shall omit because I think them superfluous When Aurelian was sent Embassador into Persia he was presented there with a piece of Plate of the like sort as the Kings of Persia are used to present to the Roman Emperors and upon it was engraved the Sun in the same form in which he is worshipped in that Temple where his Mother was a Priestess Together with this the King of Persia gave him a noble Elephant which Aurelian presented again to the Emperor his Master These to mention no more were Omens of his future Grandeur He was handsome as to his Person well His Personage made tall robust with a good Grace and a manly Mien he eat and drank freely rarely had to do with Women extraordinary strict a great Master of Military Discipline and very desirous to be drawing the Sword There were two Aurelians together in the Army and both of them at the same time Tribunes The other was taken Prisoner with the Emperor Valerian by the Persians The Army for distinction gave this Aurelian the Nick-name of Hand to the Sword because he was so quick at it upon all occasions and he was known by this Name He did several great Actions His Actions whilst a private Man whilst he was but in a private Quality He alone defeated and repulsed the Sarmatae in an Irruption which they made into the Province of Illyricum when he had with him no more than three hundred Garrison-Men Theoclius an Historian says that in the Sarmatian War Aurelian with his own hand killed in one day eight and forty and at several times in all above nine hundred and fifty Songs and Dances were made upon his Exploits which were sung upon the Festival Days in publick by the Youth to this purpose A Thousand a Thousand a Thousand have we cut off one Man hath killed a Thousand a Thousand a Thousand let him live a Thousand a Thousand a Thousand Years that hath killed a Thousand a Thousand Enemies Whilst he was the Tribune of the sixth Legion which was at Mentz in Germany he gave the Franks such a blow as they made their Excursions up and down Gallia that he killed seven Hundred of them and took three Hundred others Prisoners whom he sold for Slaves Then this Song was made of him A Thousand Franks
accept the Empire 16 44. Death 52. Person and Character 57. Gordianus II. His Death 52. Character when young 54. And in his advanced Age 55. Personage 57. Gordianus III. Declar'd Emperor 59. Marriage 60. Persian Expedition 63. Deposed and Slain 68 69. Character 69. Buildings 70. Epitaph 72. Goths 5 114 292. H. HAdrian 308. Hecatomb 85. Helianus 341. Heliogabalus 5. Hemona 22 35. Heraclammon 220 221. Heraclianus 123. Herennian 164. Herod 123 153. Herodian 14. Hostilianus Perpenna 97. I. JEWS 308. Ingenuus 140. Interregnum 239 250. Jotapiana 95. Isauria 163. Julius Capitolinus 274. Junius Cordus 79. Junius Messala 337. Junius Tiberianus 195. L. LEtters of Alexander Severus 32 40. Of Aurelian 167 202 217 221 224 225 229 237 246. Of Maximin I. 33 49. Of Mysitheus 60 65. Of Gordianus III. 62 64. Of Claudius Julianus 91. Of Belsotus 102. Of Balerus 103. Of Artabasdes 104. Of Valerian 134 149 155 189 191 203 204 206 208 276 277. Of Gallienus I. 141 193 279. Of Claudius 143 182 183 213. Of Decius 192. Of Zenobia 226. Of the Army to the Senate 239. Of the Senate 17 264. Of Antoninus Tiberianus 265. Of Claudius Capellianus 266. Of Tacitus 281. Of Probus 284 285 290 293. Of Hadrian 308. Licinius 73. Lollianus 135. Lots 185. Lucius Priscus 96. M. MAcedon 12. Macrianus 109 110 146 147 149. Magnus 11. Maeonius 153. Manichees 346. Marcia Otacilia Severa 95. Marcus 95. Marinus 96. Marius 138. Marius Maximus 274 301. Martianus 125. Mauricius 43. Maxentius 351. Maximian His Character 335 351. Created Caesar 341. Emperor 342. His Successes in Gallia 341 342. And Africa 344. Triumph 346. Massacres the Thebaean Legion 347. Works 348. Edict against the Christians 349. Abdication 350. Treachery 351. Death ibid. Maximin I. His Extraction 1. Rise 2. Preferment 4. Reception from Heliogabalus 5. And Alexander Severus 6. Strength of Body 7. Proclaimed Emperor 9. Cruelty 9. Expedition against the Germans 13. Rage upon the News of the African Revolt 19 49. Besieges Aquileia 23. Death 24. Measure of his Foot 32. Maximin II. His Beauty 29 31 35. Learning 30. Pride and Conditions 31. Death 24 35. Maximus Declared Emperor 77. His Extraction 79. Person and Manners 80. Reception at Rome 87. Death 89. Memphis 159. Menophilus 23. Mnestheus 234. Moses 177. Mutiny 83. Mysitheus 60 65. N. NNarses 345. Nemesis 83. Nicomachus 226 256. Numerianus His Poetry and Oratory 328. Death 329. O. ODenatus 110 119 122 123 151. Olympius Nemesianus 328. Omens 33 34 199 268. Onesimus 321. P. PAlfrurius 292. Palfurius Suras 128. Palmyra 224 229. Piso 109 157. Philip I. His Rise 66. Declared Emperor 67. Deposes and Kills Gordianus III. 68. Favourable to the Christians 95. Philip II. 95. Pompey M. 39 51. Posthumius 112 116 133 135. Probus His Birth and Parentage 275. Esteem with several Emperors 275 276 277 278 279 280 281. The Praemiums given him 278. Valour 282. Elevation to the Empire 283. Unwillingness to take it 284. Successes against the Barbarians 289 290. 291. Easter Expedition 292. Intestine Troubles 294. Triumph 295. Death 296. Elogium 297 270. Proculus His Extraction and Wealth 312. Death 312. Created Emperor 313. Ptolemais 292. Q. QUietus 109 150. Quinquegentiani 343 344. Quintillus 187 236. R. RAvenna 26. Regillianus 142. Roman Emperors few good 242. Romania 1. Rome in its Thousandth Year 72. Various Fortune under different Princes 320. S. SAbinianus 60. Sabinus 49. Sabinus Julianus 340. Salona 350. Sapores 64 102. Saturninus Tyr. in the time of Gallienus 160. Saturninus Declared Emperor 309 His Sense of the Pe 〈…〉 ls of that Station 308. Death 294 309. Senate Their Act for Constituting the Gordiani Emperors and denouncing Maximin an Enemy 17 46. Their Act for Constituing Maximus and Balbinus Emperos 77. Their Choice of Valerian to be Censor 99. Their Acclamations upon Claudius 179. Their Debate about the Books of the Sibyls 214 215 216. Their Act for the Constituting Tacitus Emperor 253 254 255 256. Their Act in the favour of Probus 286. They Vote the Excision of the Chirstians 349. Senate of Women 248. v. Vol. I. Serapis Serenus Sammonicus 54. Severus Caes 350. Severus Hostilianus 95. Sibyls 63 114 214 215. Sicca 166. Sirmish 197. Speeches of Maximin I. 20 50. Mauricius 43. Senator of the first Voice 75. Vectius Sabinus 76. Decius 100. Valerian 100 209 278. Marius 139. Balists 146. Macrianus 147 148. Aurelian 210. Ulpius Crinitus 210. Tacitus 240 255 260. Velius Cornificius Gordianus 253. Maecius Falconius Nicomachus 256. Aelius Cesetianus 258. Maesius Gallicanus 259. Manlius Statianus 287. Saturninus 308. Suetonius Optatianus 263. Suetonius Tranquillus 79 274 301. Syrians 229. T. TAcit Decree 48. Tacitus His Election to the Empire 254 Unwilling to assume it 259. Managements 261. Moderation and Diet 262. Death 267. Terni 274. Tetricus 161 162 230 232 237. Thebais 343. Thebaean Legion 347. Theodotus 112. Thysdrus 16 43 Tiberian Library 274. Timolaus 165. Titianus 30. Titus Quartinus 12 175. Toxotius 30. Trebellian 163. Trebellius Pollio 197. Trebonianus Gallus 96. Troy 183. Tyana 220. V. VAlens Hostilianus 96. Valens Licinianus 96. Valens Tyr. 109 156 157. Valerian I. His great Esteem with the Senate 98. Censor 99. Captivity 102. Death 105. Valerian II. 106. Valerius Marcellinus 79. Vectius Sabinus 76 78. Verona 348. Vibius Volusianus 97. Victorina 170. Victorinus 137 138. Vitalianus 16 45. Ulpian Library 196 222 259 274 328. Ulpius Crinitus 205. Vulcatius Terentianus 57. W. WOmen's Bravery 36 166 171. Z. ZEnobia 123 166 223 224 226 227 232. FINIS BOOKS Printed for and Sold by Charles Harper at the Flower-de-luce over-against St. Dunstan's-Church in Fleet-street THE Life of our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ An Heroic Poem Dedicated to Her most Sacred Majesty in Ten Books Attempted by Samuel Wesley M. 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evident the Copiers were not mistaken Julius Capitolinus HE has written the Life of Antoninus Pius and addressed it to the Emperor Dioclesian whose Name he makes use of for the Life of Marcus Antoninus the Philosopher tho' none of the Editions have any Dedication prefix'd to them He ddicates also to Dioclesian the Life of the Emperor Verus to which if that be not rather to be attributed to Spartianus we may further joyn the Life of Pertinax For the Life which we have under the Name of Claudius Albinus is dedicated to the Emperor Constantinus and not to Dioclesian as Casaubon thinks in the beginning of his Notes on Spartian We have also by him the Life of Macrinus and those of the two Maximim and of the three Gordiani dedicated to the same Constantinus As for those of Maximus and Balbinus which we have also under his Name they are without any Dedication and as for the rest which he writ of other Emperors they are lost It is evident that he has not carried on the same Design throughout his Work of making a particular Book for each Life as he proposed at the beginning but has faln into another Method as he acquaint us himself at the beginning of the Lives of the Gordiani where he tells us expresly that he had changed his mind as to that and afterwards gives us his reason for so doing Aelius Lampridius THIS Author is one of those whom Vopiscus pretends to imitate in his Life of Probus We have Four Lives done by him viz. those of Commodus Antoninus of Antoninus Diadumenus of Antoninus Heliogabalus and of Alexander Severus the Two latter whereof are dedicated to Constantinus Augustus But we have some reason to doubt whether Lampridius was the Author of the Life of Alexander Severus It is true it is attributed to him in the Edition of Milan which is the first that was ever extant but that excellent Manuscript of the Palatine Library ascribes it to Spartianus as does also Robertus à Porta of Bolonia But that Collection of Spartianus's Works in the Palatinate whereof Salmasius speaks does not only ascribe this Life to him but also those of the Three Antonini which I have just now mentioned which if it be true there will not one remain for Lampridius But be is as it will we have no Reason to give more Credit to the Palatine Collection than to so many other Manuscrips of Spartianus which have been published Which notwithstanding if it seem to bear too much upon those of the contrary Opinion I shall be willing to persuade my self that Aelius Spartianus and Aelius Lampridius were the same Person it being easte to apply that of Ausonius to the present Case Three names are commonly affected by Persons of Quality Moreover besides those three or four Lives Spartianus writ some other between them and that of Marcus Antoninus whereof he makes mention in the beginning of the Life of Commodus and yet notwithstanding did not Compose the Lives of all the Emperors down to Constantinus or to Dioclesian as one may easily guess from the Life of Aurelian written by Vopiscus Thus as far as I see we may without much difficulty Concede that Aelius Spartianus and Aelius Lampridius were the same Person under three names as I have said before And if this or both were of the Family of the Aeliani from which the Emperor Adrian also was descended their Original was illustrious enough but this is all very uncertain and we can draw no satisfactory Conclusions from it Trebellius Pollio IN the first Edition of this Author which was at Milan we find him called Trevellius and not Trebellius according to Aventinus's Correction in the second Book of his Annals where he speaks of Ancient Writers But that in the Opinion of Vossius was not at all necessary For among Ancient Inscriptions says he you may find Trebellius Pelidianus Trebellius Marinus Proconsul Trebellia Tyche and such like We may add that Trebellius is formed from Trebius which is very frequently found among the said Inscriptions as Trebius Germanus Trebius Longus Trebia C. F. Filumena Nay as Salmasius remarks there are some Ancient Manuscripts to be seen wherein this very Author is called Trebius Pollio Be it as it will This Pollio says Flavius Vopiscus in the Life of Aurelian Has Composed an History of the Emperors both those that have render'd themselves famous and those that have led obscure Lives down from the two Philips to Claudius and his Brother Quintilius But there remains of this Authors neither the Lives of the Philips nor the Life of Decius who succeeded the Philips neither those of Gallus and Volusianus who came after Decius Also we have only one part left of the Life of Valerianus the Father towards the end but we have that which follows and also the Life of Valerianus the Son the Lives of the two Gallieni and of the thirty Tyrants who usurped the Empire in the time of Gallienus As to his Book which he Entitles of the thirty Tyrants it seems to have a respect to the thirty Tyrants which Commanded in Athens after Lysander and without doubt this Author had a fansie to parallel the Roman Empire with that State in having also thirty Tyrants in the time of Valerianus and Gallienus because there were several But he reckons no more than twenty nine wherefore to make up the number of thirty he adds Valens to them who liv'd before and indeed he himself owns that he revolted in the time of Decius But if we may exceed the time of Valerianus and Gallienus we may add a great many more besides Valens Howsoever so small a fault as this scarce deserves Criticising upon the Judgment of this Historian and there is yet less reason to reflect on him for his admitting two Women into his List of Tyrants viz. Zenobia and Victoria for it is common to denominate things from the Nobler Gender thus you see Women admitted into the number of Illustrius Poets as Sappho and Corinna but for this Trebellius excuses himself at the latter end of his Work He liv'd in the time of Constantius Chlorus Father of Constantinus as we may easily Conjecture since he mentions him in the beginning of the Life of the Emperor Claudius Brother of Quintilius Which agrees very well with what he says of his Uncles being a Familiar Friend of the young Tetricus one of the thirty Tyrants Vopiscus commends the diligence of this Historian at the beginning of the Life of Firmus Furthermore if we consider the time wherein he lived his Language and Stile are not unworthy of praise whereof Gesner in the first Tome of his Bibliotheca gives this Encomium that they are not without both Politeness and Nicety but that in some places his Stile rises a little too high for History and Vossius is of the same Opinion Flavius Vopiscus THIS Author a Sicilian Born at Syracuse has writ the Life of the Emperor Aurelian and also of Tacitus and his