of the Souldier it was revenged from heaven their whole Armie being instantly consumed with lightning Leonic Thom. lib. 3. cap. 38. Neer to this Town breeds the Snake called Tarentula that if he bites any one makes the party bitten die laughing the cure for it is a present sweat which they take in a dance physick proper for the constitutions of such Voluptuaries Verse 322. Chastitie's old Altar The Wantons of Rome in spight and contempt of the Goddesse of Chastity prophaned the ruins of her Image at her antiquated and neglected Altar Verse 329. Now the Good Goddess That which the Romans in Juvenal's time called the Good Goddess was by the Antients named Fauna Fatua and Senta she was one of the 5. Daughters to Faunus a Lady of that strict modesty that after she was married no man but her Husband ever set eye upon her therefore by her example no man was admitted to her Sacrifices See the Comment upon Sat. 2. and Alexand. ab Alexandro lib. 6. cap. 8. Verse 332. Priapaean Maenades The Maenades otherwise called Bacchae Bassarides and Thyades sacrificed to Bacchus every second year upon the Mountain Parnassus in the night time with torches in their hands and their hair about their ears crying Eu Hoe sounds that implyed the wishes of good fortune for which they prayed in their Drink These two sounds being joyned in one word gave to Bacchus the name of Evoeus or Evan. This company of mad women had likewise a tumultuous meeting once in three years upon the Mountain Cithaeron whether they came every one bearing in her hand a Thyrsus being a Spear wrapt about with Ivy and there with strange howling celebrated the Orgies of Bacchus The Ceremonies of the Good Goddess had a great resemblance to these Bacchanalian Rites in dancing to Pipes singing which brought in the Priapaean Singing-woman Clodius and forbidding of men to be present at the Sacrifice See Plutarch in Caesare Verse 340. Priam King of Troy who lived to be so old that nothing could put outward heat into him but such an accident as firing of his City by the Greeks nor could any thing inflame his spirit unless it were such a sight as this See the Comment upon Sat. 10. Verse 340. Hernia A rupture that spoiled the Courtship of Nestor See likewise the Comment upon Sat. 10. Verse 352. Caesar's Anti-Cato's Caesar hearing that Cato Major was dead whose virtues Cicero had commended in his Dialogue titled Cato to disparage his life and manners writ two Books which he called Anti-Cato's and when they were rolled up in the form of a Cylinder as all Books then were you may see it in the figure of the Tragedy pawned by the Poet Lappa in the Designe before Sat. 7. no doubt but they made a pretty bulk yet my Author conceives that something of a larger size was brought in to Caesar's Wife when she danced in the private Feast of the Good Goddesse by Clodius that came into the assembly of Ladies like a Singing-woman and was discovered by Caesar's Mother Aurelia Verse 357. Earthen The earthen vessels used in the first Roman Sacrifices by King Numa the Inventer of their Ceremonies were never so prophaned as their Vessels of Gold have been Verse 364. Tall Syrians shoulders These Syrians were Slaves of a gigantick stature which in Juvenal's time the Roman Ladies kept as they now keep Switzers one to carry their Segetta's or Sedans Verse 365. Ogulnia A Wanton of a miserable poor fortune but one that made a shew as if she were some great Lady Verse 389. With Bacchus or Priapus The naked Statues of Bacchus and Priapus Gods of the Vines and Orchards which very much resembled the goodly Evnuch when he came to his Lady in the Bath Verse 394. To Praetors Part of the Praetors office was to hire Musick and Voices at the setting forth of publick Playes or Games Verse 399. The Lamian house and Appian name She must needs be a great person by extraction and marriage that was descended from Lamus Father to Antiphates King of the Laestrygons by Horace called the ancient Lamu's Ode 17. and married to one of the noble Appian Family which took that surname from the Crown won by L. Appius in Achaia Who would imagine this Lady could have a passion for the poor mercenary Lutenist Pollio much less that as a Sacrificer she would stand veiled repeat the Priests words turn pale for fear of some unlucky signe when the Aruspex looked into the entrails of the sacrificed beast and bring to the Altar an Offering of barley-cakes and wine all this to make the Gods propitious to her Servant that when the Musick-prize was played in the Capitol he might bear away that oaken Wreath given to the best Musician Poet and Player by the Judges which Domitian Caesar had appointed in the Capitoline Games Verse 400. Vesta and Janus There were two Vesta's Ops or Vesta VVife to Coelum and her Daughter the Virgin Vesta in whose honour the vestall Virgins were consecrated by Numa at Rome her Rites anciently having been performed and her sacred fire kept in Alba Sat. 4. Liv. These two Vesta's are taken for one another in the Poets but when they are distinguished by Vesta the Mother is understood the Earth by the Daughter the Fire Janus was the most ancient King of Italy that as I have formerly told you protected Saturn when he fled out of Creet from his Son Jupiter and these two Kings entred into so strict a league of friendship that Saturn imparted to Janus the secret of Agriculture and in requitall Janus admitted Saturn into a partnership of government They built two Towns which bore their names one called Saturnium the other Janiculum They first coined brass money Macrob. lib. 1. stamped on the one side with the beak of a Galley on the other side with the picture of Janus graved with two faces because Janus was held to be so prudent a Prince that looking backward he remembred all things past and looking forward foresaw and provided for the future After his death Janus was reputed a God and King Numa built a Temple to him as aforesaid which stood open when the Romans were in warres and was shut in times of peace This Temple gave him the attributes of Patuleius and Clusius Serv. Three times he was Clusius for his Temple was shut thrice first during the reign of Numa then at the end of the second Punick Warre and lastly after the Battail of Actium Janus and Ogyges are the same It is agreed by the common consent of ancient VVriters that Janus who is likewise Ogyges came into Italy in the Golden times when men were just He taught his Subjects to plant Vineyards to sow their grounds and of their fruits first to make Offerings to the Divine power then to use the remainder with moderation Munster lib. 2. Cos. Janus was a Priest a religious man a learned Philosopher and a Theologue He was I say the Father of Gods
by too great a CLEARNESSE of his stile made for the most part by their own self-reflexions for guilty men are shrewdly apprehensive Afterwards to remoter parts and strangers to the ROMANE Customes he appeared OBSCURE and was looked upon like the Moon in an Eclipse as drowned in the shadow of a forein clime Lastly though the greatest Scholars have made use of JUVENAL'S authority as CUJACIUS in the civil Law DE LA CERDA to explane TERTULLIAN and GROTIUS to assert the Rights of Peace and War yet in our seed-plots of Learning there sprung up a Sect of little formall Stoicks that for a few wanton words all they could make sense of cast JUVENAL out of their hands just as if Pygmyes should throw away Diamonds set in Tablets bigger then themselves only because their foils were black My Copie will not I hope be liable to these exceptions The first falls to ground of it self for the bitterness of these Satyrs being only PERSONAL to the ROMANS cannot touch the ENGLISH therefore I have made it my businesse to clear them from all OBSCURITY which is the second charge To perspicuity I have added language so well-qualitied that I am confident the third sort of accusers will never inform against this JUVENAL for Immodesty And if when I took off his obscenity I could have set on the full perfections of his Pen my industry had been crowned to my wish But though I am too much composed of earth to ascend to my desires I know your Lordship participates so much of Heaven as to descend to the acceptance of intentions Yet when your name now flying in the breath of every University shall be the Protection of such learned Pieces as I cannot SHOW but only can CONCEIVE thus far my present Dedication will be happiest as being first authorised by your Lordship which I look upon as the earnest of a generall approbation for the noble follow your opinion all your example But if there should be some one that dislikes my way because I goe not his such an Adversary I shall not think considerable since the Judge from whom no Scholar will appeal gives sentence for Your Lordship's Most humble Servant ROBERT STAPYLTON THE PREFACE AGathocles that being Son to a Potter raised himself by military virtue to be King of Sicily commanded earthen pots to be set upon his Cupboard of gold-plate and pointing to them when he would incourage his young Souldiers said Look friends from these I am come to this It may as much incourage the Youth of England if they consider how high this Nation is in prosperity and honour purchased by the industry and valour of their Ancestors from the low beginnings of the Britons mentioned in these Satyrs Juvenal takes notice of one great Souldier here Arviragus and names him as the terrour of Domitian Caesar but this only shews the Gallantry of our Country-men what was then their Art of War their Fortifications poor huts what their Manufacture baskets what their Erudition Lawyers Rhetorick taught them by the French what their Breeding to be ranked with the Scythian Picts the Agathyrsians But now if Juvenal could live to review the World he would find that the spirit of Arviragus is diffused into thousands of our Souldiers every one of them able to lead an Army against his Romans That our Island is famous for the noblest Merchants the greatest Scholars and the civilest persons living which I have a particular ingagement to acknowledge for the acceptance of my first Translation wherein they not only pardoned mine and the Printer's Errours but likewise the corruptions of those Copies which I then steered by Therefore when the most perfect and authentick Impression came to my hands from Paris I thought my self obliged to render it in English as well in Gratitude to as for the Benefit of the publique Yet I could not rest altogether satisfied without making some as I conceive necessary Additions of my own In the first place from the subject-matter of Juvenal I have given a Title to his Satyrs viz. Mores Hominum The Manners of Men not without the warrant of a president from Horace that calls his own Satyrs Sermones Withall I have invented a Frontispice conteining in one Picture my Authors generall Designe together with sixteen other Pieces expressing the particular of every Satyr whereunto I have writ Explanations in English and also in Latin that foreiners if they please may understand the Cuts and our Country-men make use of their interpretation as my former Arguments inlarged Lastly that nothing within my power might be wanting I have taken care in a new Comment to set down clearly though briefly every Grecian and Roman Custome Law and History for all which I quote my Authors yet I am not ignorant that our new Mode of writing will no more allow of quotations in the body of a Work then in the beginning of a Preface but I shall desire to be excused in both for I humbly conceive that reason is never out of fashion and in matter of weight or controversie he cannot justly hope for credit that shews not authority and he that doth it well makes a Book a Library By the way I must give you this caution that you will find the Historie of the Ante-Trojan Times more pleasant then true being wrapt up by the Greeks in Allegories in whose respective Mythologie I have endeavoured to unfold the mysterious Wisdome of the Ancients How this will be taken I know not but I am sure 't is not conclusive from a former favour to infer the necessity of a second Howsoever I am no Alcibiades for I dare trust my Country with my Life much more with my Book I shall conclude with a Request to my Reader that he will not charge upon me the literall or other coincident errours of the Printer which for the most part if not totally are corrected in the Table Figura Prima OCcurrunt oculis 1 Capitolia Regia Romae Clara uti Sol novus in terris splendore triumphi Elicito ex captis Armis 2 Regumque Coronis Roma tamen propiùs spectata videbitur atra Area lata patet 3 Circi pugnaeque theatrum Multiplicis corà m saevi dux femina ludi Tuscum figit aprum in proprium magis effera sexum Furtiva uxoris benè potus Leno 4 maritus Oscula dissimulans vigili sibi munera somno Augurat Insumpsit bona qui praesepibus haeres E Româ impellens currus ad Caesaris aedes 5 Flaminiam laceransque viam contemnit avorum Oppositas Statuas majorum transvolat Vrnas Alea ubi 6 Dominos exercent praelia servos Obnubit pompam Latialem 7 sportula sordes Ecce trahit Procerum Libertinusque Tribuno Se dives praefert lecticam aulaeque ministros Summovet exclusos qui magnum limen adorant Dicite jam servi quid nomine dignius Orbis A Româ victus vitiis an Roma subacta Dicite cum cives agitet manifesta
Oxes shoulder-blades for want of money to buy Paper He succeeded Zeno in his Schoole lived above fourscore years and died voluntarily for his Physicians injoyning him to fast two dayes for the cure of an ulcer under his tongue when they would have had him eat again he would not but took it unkindly that they would offer to bring him back being two dayes onward on his journey so continuing his fast for other two dayes he came to his last home Verse 14. Socratick Catomite Socrates was son to the Statuary Sophroniscus and the Midwife Phaenareta and husband first to Myrto the Daughter of Aristides the Just afterwards to Zantippe the arrantest Scold that ever thundered with a tongue He first reduced Philosophy from naturall to morall that is from contemplation to practise it being his constant Maxime Quae supra nos nihil ad nos We are not at all concerned in things above us Anytus the Orator indeed the leather-Dresser for that Trade inriched him though he was ashamed to own it and therefore having been upon that score reproached by Socrates to satisfie his spleen he got Melitus the Poet and Lycon his fellow Orator to joyn in drawing up an Impeachment against Socrates as no true worshiper of the Gods and a corrupter of youth having first made him a scorn to the people by hiring Aristophanes to bring him upon the Stage in a Comedy From the abuse put upon him in this Comedy others many ages after took occasion to abuse Socrates especially Porphyrius observed by Nicephorus to be more malicious then were his Accusers Anytus and Melitus But I doe not believe that my Author intended to cast dirt upon him in this place where Socratick Catamite cannot be otherwise interpreted then one of those censorious persons that would be thought as learned and virtuous as Socrates when they really were as vitious as men could be and as unlearned as the very Statues of the Philosophers the purchase whereof was all the proof they could make of their learning Some there are that imitate their folly in our dayes as appears by the instance Lubine makes in a Scholar his Contemporary whom he forbears to name that gave 3000 drachma's for the earthen-lamp that Epictetus used hoping that if it burned all night by his bed-side it would infuse into him the wisdome of Epictetus in a dream If he bought the lamp for this reason as Lubine conceives he did then he was guilty of the vanity of Juvenal's Philosophasters but if he bestowed so much money upon a piece of Antiquity that might be usefull to the present and succeeding times in that case I should honour him for his expence as I doe the memory of Thomas Earl of Arundell and Surrey Grandchilde and Heir to the last Duke of Norfolke for the vast summes those Statues cost him from which Mr. Selden hath pickt out so many learned notions as you may find in his book entituled Marmora Arundeliana among which Statues is the inscription that proves Laches to be Archon at the death of Socrates which is to be made use of in this very place As for Epictetus his lamp it might have been of great advantage to Fortunius Licetas when he writ De Lucernis absconditis To return to our account of Socrates He was convicted of impiety and improbity by the false oaths of his Accusers and the testiness of his Judges for being asked at the Bar What in his own judgement he deserved he answered To be maintained by you the great Councell or Prytanaeum at the publique charge which so enraged the Senate that the major part by above 80. voted him to death and accordingly execution was done the Officer of death presenting him a draught of Hemlock which he cheerfully took off and so Laches as aforesaid being Archon in the first year of the ninety fift Olympiad he was poysoned by that ingratefull City of Athens which as Juvenal sayes Sat 7. to Scholars now Except cold Hemlock nothing dare allow Verse 21. Peribonius The Archi-gallus or chief Priest of Cybele Principall of an Order of Rogues so infamous for drunkennesse and debauchery that it was not lawfull for a free-born Roman to be one of the number The original of their institution was this Cybele the daughter of King Minos being in her infancy exposed upon the Hill Cybelus in Phrygia from which Hill she had her name and there nourished by the wilde beasts to whose mercy she was left was found by a Shepherds wife bred up as her own Child and grew to be both a great Beauty and a Lady of most excellent naturall parts for the Greeks from her invention had the Taber Pipe and Cimballs She was married to Saturne and therefore Mother of the Gods her highest title She was also called Rhea from her flowing or aboundant goodnesse styled likewise Pessinuntia from Pessinus a Mart-town in Phrygia and Berecynthia from Berecynthus a Mountain in the same Countrey where her Ceremonies were begun and Atis a handsome young Phrygian by her appointed superintendent over them upon condition that he would promise chastity during life but not long after he defloured a Nymph for which offence Cybele took away his understanding and in one of his mad fits by his own hand he was gelt and after that he attempted to kill himself but it seems the Compassionate Gods prevented him and turned the youth into a Pine-tree Ovid. Met. By his example the Phrygian Priests ever after gelded themselves with the shell of a fish Their Vest was particoloured called Synthesis or amictus variegatus they carried the picture of their Goddesse through the streets of Rome in their hands and striking their breasts kept tune with their Tabers Pipes and Cymbals called Aera Corybantia as they were named Corybantes from Corybantus one of Cybele's first Votaries they wore Miters fastened under their chins Sat. 6. Cybels Priest the tall Grave half-man with no obscene part of all A Fish-shell long since cut off that comes in A Phrygian Miter ty'd beneath his chin In this manner dancing about the streets they begged money of the people from whence the Romans termed them Circulatores Cybelei Cybels Juglers or Collectors they were common Bawds as appears by this place and Master-Gluttons and Drunkards as you may see in the following part of this Satyr and where the young Consul Damasippus layes the chief Priest of Cybele dead drunk Sat. 8. With Cybels Priest on 's back his bells at rest Verse 27. Herculean language This referres to Xenophons Dialogue between Hercules Virtue and Vice where Hercules confutes the monster Vice with arguments as he had done other monsters with his club Ver. 29. Varillus A poor Rogue that will acknowledg no difference or odds in point of goodness between himself the wicked great man Sextus Verse 33. To hear a Mutineer complain'd of by the Gracchi Signifies the same with our English Proverb To hear Vice correct Sin Caius and Tiberius Gracchus Sons to that excellent
Araxes by Hannibal King of Artaxia Figura Tertia UMbricius 1 migrans 2 Juvenali narrat amico Quorsùm tota domus rhedâ ponatur in unâ Et cur matre senex cupiat decedere 3 Româ Facta noverca pios quia pejùs tractat alumnos Quà m si quis longis venit improbus hospes ab oris Nam si tu fraudes ignoras artis egenus Esto ut 4 Judaeus Romae qui somnia vendit Cui 5 Templū Egeriae cui 6 fonsque 7 nemusque locantur Arboribus populo mercedem pendere jussis Umbricii sine dote 8 puellam candida virtus Agricolae jungat lanam trahet otia ruris Nacta magìs felix quà m serica Consulis uxor Filia 9 dum civis dotata an pauper in urbe Cogitur infido miserè succumbere Graeco Pharmaca qui miscet cantûs choreaeque magister Virginibusque legit quae scripsit Achaia mendax Ambulet Umbricii per noctem 10 filius irâ Jam praetextati spretâ contoque minantis Dissimilis 11 Romano inopi qui basia dextrae Caedentis figens abit uno laetus ocello Quum virtus humilis magnas non incolat urbes Currū age perge 12 Auriga probis comes ibo colonis The third Designe HEre from 1 Umbritius 2 Juvenal receives A full account why his old friend thus leaves His Mother 3 Rome that treates the best of hers No better then the worst of Foreiners For if no Cheats mean-fortun'd Romans use They grow as poor as fortune-telling 4 Jewes That farm Egeria's sacred 5 Tenement Fountain 6 and 7 Grove but fell it to make rent His 8 Daughter without dow'r her virtue now May match to one that holds his father's plough And she live happier then a Consul's wife Crown'd with the quiet of a Country life Whil'st poor or rich at Rome a handsome 9 Maid Will be to some sly Grecian's lust betray'd That gives her Physick teaches her to dance To sing an Ode or read a Greek Romançe His 10 Son too may walk lighted by the Moon And now fear no wild rambling youth's batoon Like some poor 11 Roman that in case he misse But one eye will the hand that strook him kisse No living for poor virtue in great Towns On 12 Carter Have among you honest Clowns The Manners of Men. THE THIRD SATYR OF JUVENAL The ARGUMENT Umbritius with his Waggon load Of household goods upon the road Meets Juvenal and layes him down The reasons why he leaves the Town Compares the Countries safe delights With Rome's deer Rates ill-Arts and Frights And saying on is put in minde Of parting by the Sun declin'd THough griev'd for my old friend's remove I 'm glad He will at empty Cumae fix and add One Dweller to that Sybil's Town the dore To Baiae sweet retirement's pleasant shore I would plant Prochyta your petty Isle Ere dwell in our Suburra's goodly Pile For what so desolate sad horrid there As frights of fire still falling houses here And thousand dangers which at Rome we dread Besides the Poets that in August read The Wagon wherein all his house was lay'd At th' ancient Arc by moist Capena stay'd Where NUMA every night his Goddesse met Whose Temple Spring and Grove the People let Now to the Jews and all their stock to pay Their Land-lords is a Basket and some Hay Yet out of every tree the rent is made 'T is Beggars-bush no more the Muses shade Into EGERIA'S valley we descend To those fair Wells which Art presum'd to mend How much diviner had the waters been If with a border of eternall green The grasse about the spring had still remain'd Nor marble had the native stone prophan'd Here thus UMBRICIUS sayes since for our pains In honest Arts the City yeilds no gains My stock 's less this day then the day before Yet will to morrow shrink that little more I mean to goe and settle in the Town Where DAEDALUS his weary'd wings lay'd down Whil'st age strait-shoulder'd hath some youth in it Whil'st my hair 's gray whil'st there 's a remnant yet For LACHESIS to spin whil'st I walk on My own legs need no staffe to lean upon I bid the place where I was born farewell There let ARTURIUS and CATULUS dwell Men that turn black to white that can with ease Farm holy earth our rivers and our seas Be Scavengers bodies to burning bear And sell slaves under the commanding spear These Village-known cheeks that in Country lists Were Fencers men these sometimes Flutenists Now sword-play Masters with revers'd thumbs kill The people shouting what-poor Rogue they will Returning thence hire the gold-finders place Indeed what not since they are of that race Which rises to high office from mean birth As oft as fortune is dispos'd to mirth What should I doe at Rome I cannot ly Nor when a book is vilely writ comply And beg a copy How your Planet runs I know not promise fathers deaths to sons Nor can nor will I I did ne're dissect Toads entrails what commands lewd friends direct To others wives convey'd by others be No Thief shall his Receiver make of me I therefore goe lame no companion left An useless member my right hand bereft Who 's now belov'd but he that can reveal Foul trusts which he for ever should conceal He owes thee nothing nothing will bestow That lets thee but an honest secret know Great VERRES with respect will that man use That when he pleases VERRES can accuse Let not dark TAGUS buy thee from thy sleep Nor all the gold that rolls unto the deep Take not base bribes which thy sad soul rejects Whil'st thy great friend the faith he hires suspects Now what they are our rich men love so well I loath so much I haste nor blush to tell I cannot Romans this Greek Town abide Nor 's all Greek filth for long since with the tide To Tiber Syrian Orontes flowd Their oblique strings and Fidlers language mode Their Country Cimbals too they brought a-land And hackney-Sluts that in the Circus stand Walk thither you that doe a fancy bear To Curtezans that painted Miters wear Our nointed Clown prize-playing ornaments Or a poor basket-scambling gown contents There 's born at Andros Samos Amidon Alaband Trallos or high Sicyon Have th' honour in mount Esquiline to live Or that to which a name the wickers give Now servants in great houses some years hence Their Lords thanks to their desp'rate impudence Quick wit and volubility of tongue ISAEUS had not his so smoothly hung Tell me what 's he in whom comes every man A Rhetorician a Grammarian A Painter Nointer Augur Geometrician A Dancer o' the ropes too a Physician Magician he knows all things bid him so To heav'n the hungry little Greek will go In short wings were not by a Thracian worn Tartar or Moor but one at Athens born Should I not fly from these great Lords shall he Seal first and at a feast take place of me That hath by that wind
which by an Earthquake was from thence poured out and therefore by the Graecians called Prochyta But Dionys Halicar lib. 1. affirms the name to be derived from Prochyta Nurse to Aeneas Verse 6. Suburra One of the fairest and most frequented Streets in Rome Festus from the authority of Verrius saith it had the name a fuccurrendo for as much as the Courts of Guard were there which relieved the Watch when the Gabines besieged that part of the Town and to shew that the change of the letters came only by the vulgar errour of pronouncing he tells us that in his time the Tribe or Inhabitants of the Suburra was written Tribus Succurranea not Suburrana nor Suburana as Varro would have it called for being under the old Bulwark sub muro terreo Varro lib. 4. de ling. lat Verse 10. Poets that in August read Among the sufferings of those that lived constantly in Rome my Author reckons the torment they were put to by the Poets whom they could not be rid of even in the moneth of August when the extremity of heat was enough to kill a man that being pressed by their importunity must stand in the open Street to hear their ridiculous Verses read and Vmbricius seems the more sensible of the misery in regard it only fell upon the meaner sort for all the great persons of Rome were then at their Country-houses to which they removed upon the Calends or first day of July Verse 12. At the ancient Arc by moist Capena An Arc was a Monument of stone raised like to the Arch of a Bridge in memory of some triumph or victory and this Arc was built in honour of the Horatii afterwards it was called the distilling or dropping Arc because over it the pipes were laid that carried the water into Rome from Egeria's Fountain Ovid Fast. Egeria est quae praebet aquas Dea grata Camenoe Illa Numae Conjux consiliumque fuit Egeria waters us the Muses prize her She was King Numa's Wife and his Adviser Verse 13. Where Numa every night his Goddess met Numa Pompilius second King of the Romans was born at Cures a Town of the Sabines He was famous for Justice and Piety He pacified the fury of his Neighbours and brought the Roman Souldiers that were grown cruell and savage in their long War under King Romulus to a love of peace and reverence of Religion He built the Temple of Janus which being opened signified war being shut times of Peace and all the whole Reign of Numa it was shut but stood open after his death for fourty years together He created the Dial Martial and Quirinal Flamens or Priests He instituted a Colledge of Twelve Salian Priests of Mars He consecrated the Vestall Virgins declared the Pontifex Maximus or Chief Bishop distinguished the dayes Fasti and Nefasti the Court-dayes and Vacation or Justicium divided the year into twelve moneths and to strike a Veneration into the hearts of the Romans and make them observe what he enjoyned out of an awfull religious duty he made them believe that every night he met a Goddess or Nymph which he called Egeria from whose mouth he received his whole form of government their place of meeting was in a Grove without the Porta Capena called afterwards the Muses Grove wherein was a Temple consecrated to them and to the Goddess Egeria whose Fountain waters the Grove Ovid that calls her Numa's Wife saith likewise that she grieving for his death wept her self into a Fountain Metamorph lib. 15. which Fountain Grove and Temple at a yearly Rent were let out to the Jews grown so poor after the Sack of Jerusalem that all their Stock was a Basket for their own meat and hay to give their Horses Lastly King Numa after he had reigned fourty years beloved and honoured by his own People and all the neighbour-States died not having any strugle with nature meerly of old age By his Will he commanded that his body should not be burned but that two stone-Chests or Coffins should be made in one of which they should put his Corps and in the other the Books he had written Plutarch in Numa where he saith and quotes his Author Valerius Ansius that the Coffin of Numa's Books contained four and twenty twelve of Ceremonies and twelve of Philosophy written in Greek Four hundred years after P. Cornelius and M. Baebius being Consuls by a sudden inundation the earth was loosned and the covers of the Coffins opened but there was no part of his body found in the one in the other all the Books intire preserved by the earth and water But Petilius then Praetor had the reading of them which occasioned their destruction by fire for he acquaniting the Senate with their Contents it was not thought fit by the great Councell of Rome that secrets of such a nature should be divulged to the People so the books were brought into Court and burned Verse 25. Vmbricius A man rare at divination by the entrails of sacrificed beasts Pliny He foretold the death of Galba Tacit. but those honest Arts not bringing in sufficient to maintain Vmbricius in Rome he scorned to use cozning Arts by playing the Mountebank for a livelyhood as you see by his words How your Planet runs I know not promise Father's deaths to Sons Nor can nor will I I did ne're dissect Toads entrails Upon these Premisses he concludes What should I doe at Rome From whence contemning the vanities and baseness of the Town with his whole household in a Waggon this poor Aruspex went out in greater triumph at the Porta Capena or Triumphal Gate then ever any Conqueror entred by it into Rome Verse 30. Daedalus An Athenian Handicraft-man Sonne of Mition the most ingenious Artist of his time From his invention we have the Saw the Hatchet the Plummet and Line the Auger Glue and Cement He was the Inventor of Sails and Sail-yards which undoubtedly occasioned the Fable of his invention of Wings He set eyes in Statues and by secret springs wheels and wyers gave motion to those men of marble so artificially as they appeared to be living an Art revived in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Fifth by his Mathematician Janellus Turrianus See Strada in his Hist. Dec. 1. How Daedalus built the Labyrinth was imprisoned in it and escaped by the VVings he made himself you have in the Comment upon Sat. 1. From thence flying to Sardinia then as farre as Cumae there he laid down those Wings the Wings of Sails as Virgil calls them and rested upon the Terra firma Lucian lib. de Astrolo tells us that Daedalus was a Mathematician and his Son Icarus taught Astrology but being a young man full of fiery immaginations he soared too high pride bringing him into error and so fell into a Sea of notions whose depth was not to be sounded Verse 33. Lachesis The three fatall Goddesses which the Heathens believed to dispose the thread of mans life were Clotho Lachesis
trembled at his presence nor was able to doe his office till Mithridates guided the Executioners hand to his own heart But first this King slew all his Royall Family Laodice his Wife his Sister Mother Brother three young Sonnes and as many Daughters Figura Septima PRimò praecipitem in vitium descripserat Autor Romam dein rigidos aliena in crimina sontes Rus praelatum Vrbi vitandam rectiùs Aulam Ad coenam sannas simul accubuisse Clientes Ducenti Vetulo qualisque futura sit Vxor. Subjicit hîc doctos qualis fortuna sequatur Lappa 1 Poëta togam mox libros pignorat Atreo Historicus 2 scriptor ruris nemorisque recessum Eligit attonitus mentem de pane parando Et cùm turgescat millesima pagina chartis Causidico 3 macro docto petasunculus vas Pelamidum dantur ditiaureus affluit amnis Indocto 4 crassúmque premit lectica Mathonem Rhetore 5 quis color quae quaestio summa magistro Scire volunt omnes mercedem solvere nemo Sed nostrum instituens gallinae filius albae Quintilianus 6 habet miro tot praedia fato Ars nihil Enceladi clarÃque Palaemonis affert Grammaticus 7 cui tetra haeret fuligo lucernae In pueros oleum perdit qui vimine Flaccum 8 Et qui Virgilium 9 docuit trepidare minores Vapulat à magnis unúsque est pluribus impar The seventh Designe VIce at the height in Rome And that cry'd down By Knaves The Country better then the Town The Court far worse The feasted Client jeer'd The City-Wanton whipt these you have heard Now see the Virtuosi how they fare In what a sad condition Scholars are Lean Poverty is in the Poet's looks Lappa to 1 Atreus pawns his Cloak and Books The great 2 Historian shelter'd in the wood There meditates how he may compass food And Reams of Paper to write Tomes upon The well-read 3 Lawyer gets for fees Poor John Th' 4 unlearned feeds so high he hardly can Crowd his fat sides into his large Sedan The 5 Rhetorician poures on flowry Theams Almost for nothing all his golden streams Yet th' Author's Rhet'rick-Master wealthy grows Quintilian's 6 one of Fortunes rare white Crows The 7 Schoolmaster so often like to choak When Boyes that con by Lamp-light smell of smoak He that made young besmutted 8 Horace sweat And 9 Virgil shake is by great School-boyes beat The Manners of Men. THE SEVENTH SATYR OF JUVENAL The ARGUMENT The Arts are fed by empty praise The wanting Poet sells his Playes Less the Historian's profit is The Lawyer 's gettings less then his The Rhetoritian's yet more small And the Grammarian's least of all Yet Learning scorn'd and almost sterv'd By Caesars bounty is preserv'd CAESAR is both our studies Cause and End For he alone is the sad Muses friend Now when our famous Poets strive to hire Poor Gabian baths at Rome to make the fire Nor to turn Cryers some have held it base But left in AGANIPPE'S Vale their place Whil'st to large Courts the hungry CLIO goes For if thy learned purse no money showes Get thee MACHAERA'S name and living cry At publick sales What will you please to buy Fine pots three-footed stools come chuse your selves Shelves for your Studies Play-books for your shelves HALCIONE PACCUS his tragick wit TEREUS and OEDIPUS by FAUSTUS writ 'T is better far the Judge then swearing thee To say I saw what thou did'st never see Let them doe so that come from th' Asian coast Though Cappadocian Knights Knights of the Post And our Bithinian Knights too doe the same Which thorough Gallo-Graecia barefoot came None shall hereafter stoop to sordid pains That brouse on Laurel and write lofty strains Youths study CAESAR'S bounty spurs you on That seeks but matter it may work upon But if for help from others thou do'st look And therefore fill'st thy yellow table-Table-book Borrow a Faggot THELESIN blow blow And upon VULCAN what thou writ'st bestow Or let the moths thy lockt up works devour Or break thy Pens and thy Ink-bottle pour Upon those warres that did thy sleep expel Those mighty lines writ in a little Cell Only because thou didst for Ivy hope And a lean Image that 's thy utmost scope For rich Churls have learn'd only in our dayes To commend Poets as Boys Peacocks praise Mean time Youth spends that might with toil have made A fortune from War Traffick or the Spade And eloquent poor Age begins too late It self and it's Terpsicore to hate Now mark to save his purse what trick's devis'd Thy Prince the Muses and their God despis'd Himself makes Verses and admits no Peers But HOMER meerly for a thousand years Caught with Fame's sweetness if thou'lt read to lend His House will MACULONUS condescend He will command his churlish iron grates To open faster then the City gates His Freedmen he will marshall in the Pit His Clients and his Friends great voices fit But not a Prince thy Bench-hire will defray Nor for the Beam that bears the Scaffolds pay Nor so much as the Chairs return insure Set for great men th' Orchestra's furniture Yet still we ply the brittle sands and through The shore draw furrows with a barren plough Nor would we take our hands off can we do 't Custome and vain Ambition ties us to 't The Writing Evil poisons many so That Years and their Disease together grow But he that merits Bayes to crown his head That spins out nothing of a common thread That as his great Art's Master scorns to print Poor triviall coines stampt at the publick Mint One that I cannot shew but only can Conceive a minde untroubled makes that man That feels no care loves silent Groves and brings A spirit fit to taste th' Aonian Springs In the Pierian Caves soft aires to chant Or reach a Thyrsus suits not with sad Want That pinches day and night when HORACE writ His Ohe he was full of Wine and Wit What place for wit but where a man with Verse Is only troubled and holds free commerce With BACCHUS and APOLLO 't is in vain To think one bosome can two cares contain 'T is for great souls not one that need besots And mends his Mat to modell Chariots For Gods their Steeds and Looks or how her Snakes ALECTO in confounding TURNUS shakes Had VIRGIL had nor house-room nor a Boy Whom he about his bus'ness might imploy The elfe-lockt Fury all her Snakes had shed His Pipe play'd nothing rare but flat and dead We tragick Poets now would think it fair If that which kept th' old Buskins in repair Might not from RUBREN LAPPA be with-drawn Whose Cloak and Papers ATREUS hath in pawn Poor NUMITOR has nothing for his Friend But can rich presents to his Mistress send Nor wants to buy a Lyon tamely bred And with much flesh accustom'd to be fed Poets belike cost more then Lions doe And are conceiv'd to eat more garbage too In 's Garden LUCAN pleas'd with fame may
that drew with perfect lines the aire of the face sweetning it with the hair and by the confession of Artists no Picture-drawer ever came neer him for giving of the last hand to a Piece Yet Timentes put him down in the drawing of Ajax but he had the better of Zeuxes For when Zeuxes had drawn a bunch of grapes so to the life that Birds flew to peck them Parrhasius painted a linnen Cloth so artificially that Zeuxes presuming no man could match his grapes proudly bid him take away the Cloth and shew him his Picture but when he found his errour he ingeniously gave Parrhasius the honour of the day for that he himself had only cozened the Birds but Parrasius had deceived an Artist Plin. lib. 35. cap. 10. Fab. lib. 12. Verse 130. Phidias A Statuary never equalled for carving in Ivory yet he was far better at making of Gods then Men Quintil. His Master-piece was the Ivory Statue of Minerva at Athens 39 cubits high in her Shield was the Battail of the Amazons and the Giants War in her Sandals the Fight between the Centaurs and the Lapiths The next to this was his Jupiter Olympius carved in one intire piece of Ivory then his Venus that stood at Rome in the Portico of Octavia Plin. l. 35. cap. 8. He made a Statue ten cubits high of Nemesis the Goddess of reward and punishment at Rhamnus a Town in Attica This Minerva as Antigonus describes her occasioned the Proverb Rhamnusia Nemesis she held in her hand the bough of an Applle-tree and in one of the folds Phidias ingraved the name of his beloved Schollar Agoracritus Parius Phidias was first a Painter and drew the Shield of Minerva at Athens Verse 130. Myron A famous Statuary especially for his Heifer a piece so carved to life that Poets have made it immortall See the Greek Epigrams and Ausonius and Propert. Verse 131. Polyclet A most incomparable Statuary See the Comment upon Sat. 3. Verse 132. Mentor An excellent Graver of Plate Plin. l. 12. c. 11. Mart. Vasaque Mentorea nobilitata manu And Vessels grav'd by Mentor's noble hand Crassus the Orator had two Goblets of Mentor's workmanship which cost him about 2500 French Crowns Plin. lib. 33. cap. 13. Verse 133. Antonius My Author having described the riches of the East before those parts were made Roman Provinces now names the Governors that inriched themselves with the spoil of those Countries wherewith they were intrusted by the State of Rome C. Antonius was banished for six years by the Censors the reason upon record was for that he had polled the Associates of Rome See Pedian and Strab. Verse 134. Dolabella Proconsul of Asia accused by M. Scaurus and condemned upon the Law de Repetundis Tacit. Verse 135. Verres Governour of Sicily accused by Cicero part of his charge was Dico te maximum pondus auri argenti c. I say thou hast exported an infinite of Gold Silver Ivory and Purple great store of Malta Vests great store of Bedding much Furniture of Delos many Corinthian Vessels a great quantity of Corn Wine and Hony Cicero presses this against him as theft but Juvenal calls it sacrilege because Verres in robbing the Associates of Rome robbed the Gods to whom the Romans ingaged for protection of their Friends and Allies See the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 141. Lares Houshold Gods Vid. the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 146. Oild Corinth A City of Achaia in the middle of the Peloponnesian Istthmus first called Ephire It was the noblest Town of Greece and standing commodiously between the Ionian and Aegaean Seas grew so potent as to hold competition with the City of Rome and so proud as to affront the Roman Embassadours and cast dirt upon them Strab. Hereupon the Senate decreed a war against the Corinthians as Violaters of the Law of Nations and sent an Army thither under the command of L. Mummius that besieged Corinth which could not prove a work of much difficulty the Inhabitants being strangely effeminate Venus was their Patroness in whose Temple two hundred Ladies of pleasure daily stood at Livery What men was this Town likely to train up but such as Juvenal describes that perfumed themselves with rich Oiles and Essences fitter to wear garlands then armes and to meet a Mistress in a bed then an Enemy in the field When Corinth was burnt by Mummius there was a confusion of rich mettals in the fire to the high advance of the Brass which ever after by way of excellence was called Corinthian Brasse Verse 146. Rhodes See the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 150. Illyrian Sea-men All the coast of the Adriatick Sea from Tergestum to the Ceraunian Mountains in the Confines of Epire are inhabited by the Illyrians Pomp. Mel. Dion Alex. These had a fair opportunity to make themselves good Sea-men Verse 150. Reapers The Aegyptians a description of whose fruitfull soil and vain People I have given you at large in Pliny's Panegyrick Verse 153. Marius Marius Priscus Proconsul of Africa how he rifled the wealth of that Province and his Accusation and mock-Sentence you read in the Comment upon Sat. 1. Verse 160. Sibyl's Leaf I know not whether Juvenal means the ordinary leaves of the Sibyl's Books or the extraordinary Palme-tree leaves wherein Sibylla Cumaea writ down her predictions but this I am sure of he prophecies as truly as any of the Sibyls of the revolt of the Africans from the Roman Empire for the Pressures and Taxes laid upon them by their covetous Governours Verse 166. Harpy The Harpyes were Daughters to the Earth and Sea Serv. That they may enjoy their Father and Mother they dwell in Islands These winged creatures have the eares of a Bear the body of a Vulture the face of a Woman and hands with crooked tallons instead of fingers Virgil names but three of them Aello Ocypete and Caeleno which last Homer calls Podarge and sayes that of her Zephyrus begat Achilles his horses Balius and Zanthus Hesiod takes notice only of two Aello and Ocypete Appollonius numbers them like Hesiod Erythraeus observes that no more but two Harpyes are carved in an ancient Basis at Venice and there at this day to be seen in Saint Martins Church Yet others reckon three and Homer a fourth viz. Thyella In hell they were called Dogs in heaven Furies and Birds in earth Harpyes When Phineus King of Arcadia perswaded by his Wife Harpalice had put out the eyes of his Sons he himself by a judgement from heaven was struck blind and haunted by the Harpyes that with their dung spoiled all the rich dishes at his Table In the passage of the Argonauts to Colchos Phineus treated Jason that moved with indignation at the horrid sight bestowed upon the King Zethus and Calais Sons to Boreas which having wings like the Harpyes should beat them out of his Dominions They did so and chased them into the Isles of Plotae not far from Zacynthus where they were admonished by Iris in Hesiod