Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	letter_n	word_n	write_v	2,723	5	5.8370	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51552	Regulæ trium ordinum literarum typographicarum, or, The rules of the three orders of print letters viz. the Roman, Italick, English capitals and small : shewing how they are compounded of geometrick figures, and mostly made by rule and compass, useful for writing masters, painters, carvers, masons, and others that are lovers of curiosity / by Joseph Moxon ...	Moxon, Joseph, 1627-1691.	1676 (1676)	Wing M3019; ESTC R21244	27,439	130

parts of the Erect line or the Parallel line Some Considerations to be had in the ordering of Inscriptions c. If your Inscription be very short and you have more room to draw it in than you need you were best make your Letters in Roman or Italick Capitals because you may allow to leave two Spaces between every Letter in the same word But then you must remember to leave four Spaces at least between each word for else there will not be distinction enough between Word and Word proportionable to the distinction between Letter and Letter And you may allow 12 parts void between Line and Line besides the 12 parts that are in all Capital Letters except Q and J void between the Foot and Bottom-lines But if you have not too much room you may leave but one Space between every Letter in a Word and two or three Spaces between every Word If your Inscription must be Capitals and you are pinched for room you may but it is not so graceful leave no Space between Letter and Letter and then one or two Spaces between a Word will serve This by Printers is called Getting in or Setting close But by no means you must put Spaces between Small Letters in the same Word but you must put one or sometimes two between each Word If your Inscription belong you were best use the Small Roman Letters because they are much thinner and are indeed more easily read and more familiar than Capitals But you must be sure to use a Capital Letter in the beginning and in all Proper Names either of Persons or Places and many times of things if they bear emphasis Remember also if your Inscription be Roman and the Names of Persons or Places fall in you must make the Names Italick Letters beginning them with a Capital Letter and sometimes as you would dignifie a Person or Place make the whole Name in Capital Letters If your Inscription be Italick the Proper Names must be Roman If your Inscription be Latine the small Roman is the proper Letter for it but the Proper Names must be Italick and sometimes Italick Capitals as aforesaid unless it be the Name of some Vulgar place or thing for which there is no Latine Name then that Name or Word is to be in English Letters but the first Letter a Capital or for the Reason aforesaid all English Capitals Be sure to forecast that in a large Inscription of a continued series of Discourse each Line be exactly of the same length unless it be where a Break is proper to be made for then you may end either in the middle or any where else of the Line Or unless your Inscription be in Verse for then also you may end at any length Yet take notice that it is not graceful to end a Break with a short word onely in a line because it seems too like a White-line But to remedy that inconvenience you may allow more Spaces between the words in the former two or three Lines that so you may have a Word or two the more in your Break-line When you begin new matter after a Break you must indent your Line four Spaces at least and make the first Letter a Capital When you draw a Title over an Inscription you must consider the words of emphasis and make those words to vary from the Letter your Discourse is in as either Roman Italick or English according as the words may properly require But of this and several other Observations of this nature I have written more at large in a Book I intend to publish of the whole Art of Printing Yet for your present Instructions I shall give you some Examples of Monuments c. Therefore it will be very necessary you design and draw your Inscription first on Paper and then either pounce or draw it through by Redding or Blacking the Backside of your Paper and drawing pretty hard upon the Out-strokes of your Letter with the point of a Needle made blunt smooth and round for then the Red or Black on the backside of the Paper will deliver it self upon the Wood or Stone that it is to be engraven or painted on But if the Stone be so smooth and hard that it will not receive and take off the Red or Black you may rub your Stone over with a little Bees Wax gently and it will take off the Tracings very exactly JOANNES SELDENUS Heic juxta situs Natus est 16 Decemb. MDLXXXIV Salvintoniae Qui viculus est Terring Occidentalis in Sussexiae Maritimis Parentibus honestis JOANNE SELDENO THOMAE Filio Ã¨ quinis secundo Anno MDXLI nato MARGARETA Filia Haerede unica THOMAE BAKERI de Rushington ex Equestri BAKERORUM in Cantio Familia Filius Ã¨ cunis superstitum unicus Aetatis ferÃ¨ LXX Annorum Denatus est ultimo die Novemb. Anno Salutis reparatae MDCLIV Per quam expectat RESURRECTIONEM Felicem ROWLANDUS JEWKES Executorum Testamenti MAGNI SELDENI Ã¨ quatuor unus Spe certÃ¢ Resurrectionis futurae per CHRISTUM ad gloriam Exuvias Carnis suae prope Cineres ejusdem SELDENI Heic juxta reponi vivens curavit excessit Anno Aerae Christianae MDCLXV Anno Aetatis suae LXXVII CÃ¹m Christus qui est vita nostra apparebit nos etiam apparebimus cum eo in â—â—â—ia IF these following Precepts do not exactly agree with all present Practice yet will I not determine whether Practice ought or no to give way and comply with these Precepts and Paterns since 't is plain that these Letters were originally contrived under these or some such Rules And though some of these Letters may with greater study be reduced to shorter Rules yet because my leisure will not permit me to do it I 'le leave it to those that have more Time and better Invention and deliver these according to my Observations on them A DIvide the whole Erect Depth 0 42 into 42 equal parts and set off the same Divisions in the bottom-line then in the Parallel of 12 viz. the Foot-line set off 16 from the left hand towards the right and from thence erect a Perpendicular unto the Top-line From either side this Perpendicular set off 10 in the Foot-line then in this Perpendicular at Parallel 38 make a Prick as at Fig. 1. then by the side of a Ruler laid to this Prick and the two Tens set off in the Foot-line on either side the Perpendicular draw two straight lines for the insides of A but continue the right hand straight line to Parallel 39 as at Fig. 2. Then set your Comâ—â—â—â—es to 1 and set off that distance from the left hand the Perpendicular in Parallel 39 and set off the same distance in the Foot-line from the left hand inside stroke of A towards the left hand and draw a straight line through these two points to be the outer bounds of the bredth of the left hand stroke of A. The bredth of the right hand stroke is 5

was worthily accounted the best But this I will say too that though these Letters were doubtless first invented and contrived to be made with Rule and Compass and now doubtless somewhat debaucht from their original Invention yet after an Artificer hath implanted these general Rules in his Memory and used his Hand to the making of these Letters he may be able to perform this Work very well without running over all these Prescriptions Besides the very Draughts of the Letters will shew him what parts of a Letter must be fat or lean streight or circular Now before I begin with the particular Rules of each Letter I think it fit to explain the Meaning of some Terms that will be convenient to be used in this Practice and also to give you an account of the Method to be observed in the Making of Letters As 1. Among Letters some are Capitals some are Small The Capitals are the Great Letters therefore called Capitals as A B C c. are Capitals 2. Small are those Letters that in long Discourses follow the Capitals as a b c d c. are Small Letters 3. Among the Small Letters some are Long and some are Short 4. The Long are the Ascendents and Descendents 5. The Short are those that stand between the Head and Foot-line such are a c e m c. 6. All the Capitals are Ascendents so called because they stand higher than the Head-line of the Short And among the Small Letters some are Ascendents as b d h i k l these reach up to the Top-line 7. Descendents are those that stand lower than the Foot-line such as are g p q y these reach down to the Bottom-line 8. Long are those that stand as high as the Ascendents and as low as the Descendents viz. reach up to the Top and down to the Bottom-line such as are J Q f j s. 9. The Length is the Distance between the Top and Bottom-lines as the Distance 0 42 in Letter A is the Length 10. The Head-line is the upper line that bounds the Short Letter as Parallel 30 in Romans and Italicks and Parallel 33 in the English is the Head-line 11. The Foot-line is the lower line that bounds the Letter as Parallel 12 in the Romans and Italicks and Parallel 9 in the English is the Foot-line 12. The Top-line is the line that bounds the top of the Ascending Letters as Parallel 42 is the Top-line 13. The Bottom-line is the line that bounds the bottom of the Descending Letters as Parallel 0 is the Bottom-line 14. The Stem is the straight fat stroke of the Letter as in B the upright stroke on the left hand is the Stem and Capital I is all Stem except the Base and Topping 15. Fat strokes The Stem or Broad stroke in a Letter is called the Fat stroke as the Right Hand stroke in Letter A and the great Arches in Letter B are Fat strokes 16. Lean strokes are the narrow strokes in a Letter as the Left Hand stroke in a Letter A and the Right Hand stroke in V are Lean. 17. The Footing is the small Arches the Letter stands on as the Arches upon the feet of Letter A is the Footing of that Letter 18. The Topping is the small Arch above the Letter as the Arches in the Tops of the Letter V are the Toppings of that Letter 19. The Divisions that are imagined to be made between the Top and Bottom-line are called Parallels and numbered upwards with 1 2 3 to 42 in Letter A at the Left Hand and so of all other Letters 20. The Divisions that are imagined to be made between the Left Hand and the Right are called Erects and numbered from the Left Hand to the Right with 1 2 3 4 c. 21. These Divisions are all along throughout this Book called Parts as when I say Set off 1 2 3 c. Parts I mean set off so many of these Divisions or Parts either in the imagined Parallel or Erect 22. The Distance between one word and another is called a Space 23. A Space is 7 parts of the whole Length of the Letter as the whole Length is 42 so a Space is 7 of 42 which is the sixth part of the Length Some Rules to be followed in the Making of Letters 1. The Length is divided into 42 Equal parts from the Bottom to the Foot is 12 of them in Romans and Italicks and in English 9 as aforesaid 2. From the Bottom to the Head-line as in Letter a is 30 of them and in Letter a 33. From the Bottom to the Top is all the 42. So that a Short Letter of Romans and Italicks stands between Parallel 12 and Parallel 30 and in English between Parallel 9 and 33. 3. The Stem and other Fat strokes of Capitals Roman is 5 parts 4. The Stem and other Fat strokes of Capitals Italick is 4 parts 5. The Stem and other Fat strokes of Small Roman is 3 Â½ parts 6. The Stem and other Fat strokes of Small Italick is 3 parts 7. Of English the Short stand between 9 parts at the Bottom and 9 parts from the Top as aforesaid 8. The Stem of English Capitals is 6 parts 9. The Stem of English Small Letters is 4 parts 10. If these Letters are made with a Pen this general Rule is to be observed That in making them you begin where the Letter may be quickest made As for Example If you would make M you must begin at the bottom on the Left Hand for then without moving the Pen off the Paper you make the whole Letter at once all but the Footings and Toppings and then you will find the course and progress of the Pen will make those strokes Lean which should be Lean and those strokes Fat which should be Fat. For as the Pen goes upwards its Nib strikes a Lean stroke but as it comes down its Nib opens wider and strikes a Fatter stroke So that whatever Tool a Letter is made with you are to consider it as made with a Pen and to allow it its Fat and Lean strokes accordingly But in this the Copies of the Letters themselves will more fully instruct you 11. You must take special care that you allow the Letter its full length for because none of the Capitals but the Consonant J and Q are Descendents you may be apt to think that in some cases where the Inscription is all Capitals you may drive up the top of the under-line above the bottom of the line above it yet if a Consonant J or Q should come in the matter you must be forced to shorten it and so lose its grace But besides the whole Inscription will not shew so fair and beautiful as if this convenient Space be allowed it And if any Ascending Letters should happen under the J or Q there would be no room for their Heads 12. When I direct you to set off 1 2 or 3 parts c. you are to understand it for 1 2 or 3

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