christian_a king_n cause_v his_o own_o law_n to_o be_v put_v in_o write_v about_o the_o year_n 605._o as_o other_o western_a nation_n in_o a_o age_n or_o two_o before_o have_v do_v and_o as_o bede_n say_v 5._o write_v they_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o first_o charter_n if_o i_o shall_v so_o call_v it_o or_o write_v touch_v land_n and_o privilege_n be_v as_o a_o ms._n of_o canterbury_n report_v make_v by_o withredus_n king_n of_o kent_n in_o the_o year_n 694._o and_o as_o that_o charter_n itself_o witness_v be_v appoint_v to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o church_n of_o our_o saviour_n at_o canterbury_n as_o a_o precedent_n for_o posterity_n to_o imitate_v and_o though_o it_o appear_v not_o there_o in_o what_o language_n it_o be_v write_v yet_o i_o presume_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o with_o their_o law_n which_o be_v the_o saxon_a tongue_n for_o there_o be_v two_o copy_n of_o it_o extant_a in_o latin_a so_o differ_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o as_o thereby_o they_o both_o appear_v to_o be_v translation_n for_o proof_n thereof_o the_o one_o of_o they_o use_v the_o word_n charta_fw-la and_o chartula_fw-la which_o ingulfus_n affirm_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o hither_o by_o the_o norman_n that_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o time_n of_o this_o charter_n of_o withred_n the_o other_o latin_a copy_n term_v it_o scriptum_n not_o chartam_fw-la and_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o use_v neither_o of_o those_o word_n but_o call_v such_o write_n in_o latin_a chirographos_n not_o chartas_n as_o ingulfus_n there_o also_o testify_v so_o that_o it_o hereby_o appear_v that_o the_o prototype_n or_o first_o pattern_n of_o charter_n which_o the_o saxon_n imitate_v be_v not_o in_o latin_a but_o in_o saxon._n tonguâ—_n second_o it_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v presume_v and_o very_o strong_o that_o though_o this_o charter_n of_o beorredus_n remain_v to_o we_o by_o a_o latin_a copy_n yet_o the_o original_n itself_o like_o a_o thousand_o other_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n nor_o can_v it_o in_o all_o probability_n be_v otherwise_o for_o at_o the_o very_a time_n when_o it_o be_v make_v viz._n in_o anno_fw-la 868._o learning_n be_v so_o general_o subvert_v throughout_o england_n by_o the_o barbarous_a dane_n that_o king_n alfred_n who_o begin_v to_o reign_v within_o four_o year_n after_o the_o date_n thereof_o say_v 378._o paucissimi_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la cis_fw-la humbrum_fw-la qui_fw-la vel_fw-la preces_fw-la svas_fw-la commune_v sermone_fw-la anglico_fw-la intelligere_fw-la potuerant_fw-la vel_fw-la scriptum_fw-la aliquod_fw-la è_fw-la latino_n transfer_v tam_fw-la sane_fw-la pauci_fw-la fuerunt_fw-la ut_fw-la ne_fw-la unum_fw-la quidem_fw-la recordari_fw-la possum_fw-la ex_fw-la australi_fw-la parte_fw-la thamesis_n tum_fw-la cum_fw-la ego_fw-la regnare_fw-la occaeperam_fw-la but_o as_o their_o original_a charter_n be_v in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n so_o in_o the_o leiger-book_n in_o which_o they_o be_v preserve_v to_o we_o they_o be_v often_o set_v down_o in_o the_o saxon_a and_o then_o because_o the_o book_n themselves_o be_v in_o latin_a they_o be_v there_o translate_v also_o into_o latin_a and_o often_o time_n set_v down_o in_o the_o latin_a only_o without_o the_o saxon_a as_o in_o the_o book_n of_o ramsey-abby_n which_o have_v no_o charter_n in_o it_o in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o author_n of_o it_o say_v libri_fw-la that_o himself_o have_v there_o translate_v they_o all_o into_o latin_a after_o that_o that_o abbey_n in_o the_o day_n of_o king_n stephen_n have_v recover_v her_o liberty_n yet_o i_o deny_v not_o that_o latin_a charter_n may_v be_v often_o use_v by_o their_o latter_a clergyman_n when_o learning_n which_o in_o beorred_n time_n be_v utter_o subvert_v begin_v at_o last_o to_o recover_v life_n again_o day_n three_o i_o conceive_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la or_o feodum_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n day_n viz._n anno_fw-la 868._o for_o proof_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o infancy_n youth_n and_o full_a age_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n for_o according_a to_o these_o several_a time_n the_o feodal_n land_n have_v their_o several_a denomination_n first_o they_o be_v call_v munera_fw-la then_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n as_o be_v aforesaid_a marculfus_n who_o collect_v the_o formulas_fw-la or_o precedent_n as_o we_o call_v they_o of_o charter_n and_o instrument_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o which_o be_v under_o clodovaeus_n ii_o king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 660._o make_v mention_v in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o munera_fw-la and_o in_o his_o second_o of_o beneficia_fw-la but_o no_o where_o of_o feuda_n and_o he_o who_o a_o hundred_o year_n or_o more_o after_o he_o collect_v the_o formula_n incerti_fw-la autoris_fw-la speak_v divers_a time_n 21._o of_o beneficium_fw-la but_o never_o name_v feudum_n for_o that_o this_o term_n come_v not_o into_o use_n till_o afterward_o when_o these_o beneficia_fw-la begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n beneficium_fw-la regis_fw-la say_v 470._o bignonius_n postea_fw-la feudum_fw-la dictum_fw-la est_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o say_v 550._o beneficii_fw-la nomine_fw-la ea_fw-la praedia_fw-la dicta_fw-la sunt_fw-la quae_fw-la feuda_fw-la posteritas_fw-la dixit_fw-la initio_fw-la namque_fw-la vita_fw-la accipientis_fw-la finiebantur_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la when_o they_o be_v grant_v only_o for_o life_n of_o the_o grantee_n but_o be_v call_v feuda_n when_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v grant_v in_o perpetuity_n and_o not_o before_o cujacius_n therefore_o speak_v 7._o of_o feudatarii_fw-la which_o word_n come_v into_o use_n with_o feudum_n for_o relative_n mutuo_fw-la se_fw-la ponunt_fw-la &_o auferunt_fw-la say_v that_o when_o actores_fw-la custodesque_fw-la proediorum_fw-la nostrorum_fw-la temporarii_fw-la perpetui_fw-la esse_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n when_o those_o who_o have_v the_o use_n and_o order_n of_o our_o land_n for_o a_o certain_a time_n begin_v to_o enjoy_v they_o in_o perpetuity_n and_o yet_o retain_v their_o latin_a name_n of_o homines_fw-la our_o man_n they_o grow_v then_o also_o to_o be_v call_v after_o new_a and_o foreign_a name_n vassalli_n leude_n and_o feudatarii_fw-la by_o the_o prince_n and_o great_a nobleman_n who_o choose_v rather_o to_o grant_v they_o land_n in_o perpetuity_n in_o consideration_n that_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o military_a service_n and_o he_o say_v that_o these_o name_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o italy_n by_o the_o german_a prince_n where_o and_o particular_o in_o milan_n as_o merula_n report_v the_o feodal_n law_n and_o custom_n have_v have_v their_o original_n and_o from_o thence_o be_v propagate_v throughout_o europe_n by_o this_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o word_n feudum_fw-la and_o feudatarii_fw-la be_v not_o in_o use_n till_o that_o the_o word_n munera_fw-la be_v grow_v obsolete_a nor_o afterward_o till_o beneficia_fw-la leave_v to_o be_v temporary_a or_o but_o for_o life_n become_v to_o be_v perpetual_a possession_n which_o as_o i_o have_v often_o say_v be_v not_o long_o before_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o the_o word_n feudum_n can_v not_o be_v in_o use_n in_o beorredus_n time_n who_o live_v two_o hundred_o year_n before_o beneficia_fw-la four_o though_o the_o word_n feudum_n be_v in_o the_o original_a charter_n of_o beorredus_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o prove_v that_o our_o feud_n be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o call_v they_o beneficia_fw-la or_o call_v they_o feuda_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o be_v then_o hereditary_a or_o perpetual_a but_o either_o temporary_a or_o for_o life_n only_o which_o at_o length_n beget_v the_o difference_n between_o feuda_n and_o beneficia_fw-la for_o beneficia_fw-la in_o a_o restrain_a sense_n begin_v to_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o which_o sense_n it_o rest_v at_o this_o day_n in_o our_o clergy-men_n live_n call_v benefice_n and_o the_o word_n feuda_n grow_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o such_o beneficia_fw-la or_o benefice_n as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o hereditary_a to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o digress_v i_o suppose_v it_o now_o appear_v sufficient_o how_o some_o feodal_n word_n be_v creep_v into_o charter_n and_o write_n of_o saxon_a date_n and_o i_o think_v i_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o word_n before_o mention_v tenura_n tenentes_fw-la tenementa_fw-la tenere_fw-la or_o tenendum_fw-la in_o a_o feodal_a sense_n or_o feodum_fw-la itself_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o much_o less_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la tenure_n by_o knight-service_n tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o frankalmoign_a though_o the_o like_a service_n be_v perform_v to_o the_o saxon_a lordship_n by_o their_o thanes_z and_o theoden_n their_o socman_n or_o husbandman_n and_o their_o beadsman_n or_o clergyman_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n for_o the_o land_n receive_v from_o they_o as_o be_v after_o the_o conquest_n to_o the_o norman_a lordship_n by_o way_n of_o tenure_n for_o land_n hold_v of_o they_o the_o neapolitan_a and_o sicilian_a constitution_n which_o
time_n and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o make_v otherwise_o than_o for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n for_o so_o i_o find_v they_o in_o the_o abby-book_n and_o i_o also_o suppose_v that_o they_o to_o who_o these_o land_n be_v grant_v be_v the_o thani_n episcopi_fw-la &_o thani_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la speak_v of_o in_o doomsday-book_n and_o that_o the_o land_n themselves_o be_v such_o as_o in_o the_o same_o book_n be_v usual_o call_v thain-land_n ecclesiae_fw-la episcopi_fw-la and_o abbatis_n but_o i_o see_v they_o be_v lade_v with_o many_o service_n which_o the_o land_n of_o the_o king_n thane_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o dignity_n and_o person_n be_v free_a from_o therefore_o when_o this_o very_a bishop_n by_o another_o charter_n grant_v tres_fw-la cassatas_fw-la three_o hide_n of_o land_n in_o cungle_v cuidam_fw-la ministro_fw-la regis_fw-la to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n thanes_z name_v alfwold_n and_o to_o his_o mother_n if_o she_o survive_v during_o their_o life_n he_o put_v no_o service_n upon_o the_o king_n thane_n but_o say_v plena_fw-la glorietur_fw-la libertate_fw-la excepta_fw-la expeditione_n rata_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisve_fw-la constructione_n the_o common_a exception_n in_o grant_n unto_o the_o king_n thanes_z as_o before_z appear_z and_o yet_o the_o service_n thereby_o except_v belong_v not_o either_o to_o the_o bishop_n or_o the_o king_n himself_o otherwise_o than_o pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la and_o common_a necessity_n after_o all_o this_o i_o beat_v still_o upon_o the_o old_a string_n that_o here_o yet_o be_v nothing_o to_o prove_v wardship_n or_o marriage_n or_o as_o the_o law_n then_o stand_v a_o tenure_n by_o knights-service_n for_o we_o have_v make_v it_o manifest_v that_o expedition_n and_o build_n of_o castle_n and_o bridges_n be_v no_o feodal_n service_n nor_o grow_v by_o tenure_n and_o as_o for_o these_o that_o be_v tie_v to_o ride_v and_o go_v up_o and_o down_o with_o their_o lord_n baraterius_n a_o old_a 8._o feudist_n say_v that_o a_o knight_n fee_n may_v be_v give_v so_o ut_fw-la vassallus_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la festivis_fw-la cum_fw-la uxore_fw-la domini_fw-la ad_fw-la ecclesiam_fw-la vadat_fw-la and_o the_o feudal_a law_n itself_o infer_v as_o much_o lib._n 2._o tit._n 3._o but_o our_o bracton_n speak_v of_o our_o law_n here_o in_o england_n the_o invest_v feud_n in_o his_o time_n touch_v such_o tenant_n call_v they_o rodknight_n alias_o radknight_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 35._o nu_fw-la 6._o ut_fw-la siquis_fw-la debeat_fw-la equitare_fw-la cum_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la de_fw-la manerio_fw-la in_o manerium_fw-la and_o say_v not_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o serjantie_n and_o that_o although_o such_o sometime_o do_v homage_n yet_o the_o lord_n shall_v not_o have_v ward_n and_o marriage_n admit_v notwithstanding_o that_o it_o be_v knight-service_n and_o that_o the_o land_n thus_o hold_v be_v knight_n fee_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n yet_o where_o be_v the_o wardship_n marriage_n and_o relief_n who_o shall_v undergo_v these_o servitude_n since_o the_o tenure_n and_o all_o the_o service_n be_v determine_v with_o the_o life_n of_o the_o tenant_n chap._n xxvii_o inducement_n to_o the_o conclusion_n see_v then_o that_o neither_o the_o great_a thanes_z nor_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z among_o the_o saxon_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o our_o knight-service_n upon_o who_o then_o if_o it_o be_v in_o use_n among_o they_o do_v it_o lie_v for_o as_o touch_v the_o clergy_n it_o be_v say_v in_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n 11._o that_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n magis_fw-la in_o ecclesiae_fw-la confidebant_fw-la orationibus_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o armorum_fw-la defensionibus_fw-la and_o the_o report_n itself_o confess_v pag._n 3._o in_o pede_fw-la that_o the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knight-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o libera_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la seculari_fw-la etc._n etc._n though_o this_o be_v not_o true_a in_o the_o latter_a part_n be_v strict_o take_v for_o no_o doubt_n their_o land_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o trinodi_fw-la necessitati_fw-la viz._n expeditioni_fw-la pontis_fw-la arcisque_fw-la constructioni_fw-la as_o before_o appear_v yet_o come_v it_o very_o fit_o to_o my_o purpose_n for_o hereby_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o if_o the_o trinodis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la make_v no_o tenure_n by_o knight-service_n or_o in_o capite_fw-la in_o the_o church_n land_n than_o neither_o do_v it_o in_o the_o thaneland_n as_o before_o we_o have_v show_v and_o then_o much_o less_o in_o the_o land_n of_o churl_n and_o husbandman_n common_o call_v the_o socmanni_n for_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o all_o hand_n that_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o socage_n therefore_o if_o all_o kent_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n be_v gavelkind_a then_o can_v there_o be_v no_o tenor_n by_o knight-service_n in_o all_o that_o county_n for_o glanvil_n lib._n 7._o c._n 3._o tell_v we_o that_o where_o the_o inheritance_n be_v divideable_a among_o the_o son_n it_o be_v socage_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v hold_v by_o knight-service_n the_o primogenitus_fw-la succedit_fw-la in_o toto_fw-la this_o kentish_a custom_n be_v ab_fw-la initio_fw-la the_o general_a law_n of_o england_n and_o of_o all_o nation_n jew_n 2_o greek_n roman_n and_o the_o rest_n and_o so_o continue_v even_o till_o this_o day_n where_o the_o feodal_n law_n have_v not_o alter_v it_o which_o first_o happen_v here_o in_o england_n when_o the_o norman_n introduce_v their_o feud_n settle_v the_o whole_a inheritance_n of_o they_o upon_o the_o elder_a son_n which_o the_o ancient_a feodal_n law_n itself_o do_v not_o as_o we_o before_o have_v note_v till_o feud_n be_v grow_v perpetual_a the_o reason_n as_o i_o take_v it_o that_o beget_v this_o alteration_n be_v for_o that_o while_o the_o feud_n do_v descend_v in_o gavelkind_a to_o the_o son_n and_o nephew_n of_o the_o feodatorie_n the_o service_n be_v suspend_v till_o the_o lord_n have_v choose_v which_o of_o the_o son_n he_o will_v have_v for_o his_o tenant_n and_o then_o it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o party_n choose_v will_v accept_v of_o the_o feud_n or_o not_o for_o sometime_o there_o may_v be_v reason_n to_o refuse_v it_o to_o return_v where_o i_o leave_v it_o make_v to_o the_o proof_n of_o all_o this_o that_o have_v be_v say_v and_o for_o conclusion_n seem_v to_o be_v unanswerable_a that_o the_o old_a inheritance_n which_o in_o the_o saxon_n time_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n call_v in_o doomsday_n terra_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o law_n book_n ancient_a demesne_n contain_v a_o great_a part_n of_o every_o county_n have_v not_o any_o land_n within_o it_o or_o within_o any_o manor_n thereof_o hold_v by_o knight-service_n for_o fitz-herbert_n d._n say_v that_o nul_fw-fr terres_fw-la sont_fw-fr ancient_a demesne_fw-la forsque_fw-la terres_fw-la tenus_fw-la en_fw-fr socage_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n will_v claim_v to_o hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o knights-service_n it_o be_v good_a cause_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n because_o that_o no_o land_n hold_v of_o a_o manor_n which_o be_v ancient_a demesne_n be_v hold_v by_o other_o service_n of_o the_o lord_n than_o by_o socage_n for_o the_o tenant_n in_o ancient_a demesne_n be_v call_v socmanni_n that_o be_v to_o say_v tenant_n deal_v carve_v angl._n le_fw-fr plough_n thus_o far_o fitz-herbert_n now_o if_o in_o the_o manor_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o be_v then_o no_o land_n hold_v by_o knight-service_n throughout_o all_o england_n it_o will_v then_o in_o all_o probability_n follow_v that_o there_o be_v none_o likewise_o among_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n and_o consequent_o that_o our_o feudal_n law_n be_v not_o introduce_v before_o the_o conquest_n mr._n cambden_n by_o their_o own_o confession_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o mr._n selden_n himself_o who_o they_o allege_v against_o i_o be_v clear_o with_o i_o as_o before_o i_o have_v show_v if_o these_o our_o three_o opinion_n avail_v nothing_o we_o have_v yet_o a_o four_o to_o strengthen_v bracton_n we_o great_a bracton_n the_o most_o learned_a in_o our_o ancient_a law_n and_o custom_n that_o have_v be_v in_o this_o kingdom_n who_o speak_v of_o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la as_o the_o genus_fw-la to_o these_o tenor_n say_v lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o nu._n 7._o fol._n 36._o a._n that_o it_o be_v call_v regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la here_o bracton_n also_o refer_v the_o invention_n to_o the_o conquest_n but_o the_o report_n wave_v his_o opinion_n as_o well_o as_o we_o notwithstanding_o
his_o great_a knowledge_n and_o that_o he_o live_v near_o to_o the_o conquest_n by_o two_o three_o part_n of_o the_o time_n than_o we_o do_v exchequer_n well_o there_o be_v yet_o a_o elder_a and_o one_o that_o may_v see_v some_o that_o live_v in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o author_n of_o the_o black-book_n of_o the_o chequer_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o saxon_a law_n and_o those_o of_o the_o conqueror_n say_v cap._n 16._o fol._n 16._o b._n quasdam_fw-la reprobavit_fw-la quasdam_fw-la autem_fw-la approbans_fw-la illis_fw-la transmarinas_fw-la neustriae_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la normanniae_fw-la leges_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la regni_fw-la pacem_fw-la tuendam_fw-la efficacissimae_fw-la videbantur_fw-la adjecit_fw-la what_o be_v those_o neustrian_a law_n or_o what_o can_v they_o be_v in_o all_o the_o book_n of_o the_o law_n for_o preserve_v peace_n save_v military_a tenor_n and_o the_o exchequer_n itself_o where_o the_o cognisance_n of_o all_o these_o tenor_n lie_v be_v bring_v in_o also_o by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o ingulphus_n the_o abbot_n of_o croyland_n live_v long_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n and_o be_v one_o of_o his_o domestic_n or_o familiar_n as_o he_o term_v himself_o and_o by_o he_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o conqueror_n not_o only_o general_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n and_o give_v their_o land_n to_o his_o norman_n and_o other_o but_o change_v also_o their_o manner_n of_o conveyance_n the_o form_n of_o their_o charter_n and_o the_o course_n of_o make_v knight_n whereupon_o all_o the_o rule_n of_o knight-service_n have_v since_o depend_v see_v his_o word_n p._n 901._o for_o at_o that_o time_n miles_n &_o per_fw-la militiam_fw-la tenens_fw-la be_v all_o one_o by_o glanvil_n testimony_n lib._n 7._o ca._n 3._o p._n 49._o but_o when_o all_o fail_v i_o hope_v they_o will_v believe_v the_o conqueror_n himself_o who_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o his_o law_n and_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o we_o now_o call_v a_o parliament_n publish_v by_o mr._n lambard_n use_v these_o word_n statuimus_fw-la &_o sirmiter_fw-la praecipimus_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o milites_fw-la &_o servientes_fw-la &_o universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la se_fw-la semper_fw-la bene_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la &_o in_o equis_fw-la ut_fw-la decet_fw-la &_o oportet_fw-la et_fw-la quod_fw-la sint_fw-la semper_fw-la prompti_fw-la &_o parati_fw-la ad_fw-la servitium_fw-la suum_fw-la integrum_fw-la nobis_fw-la explendum_fw-la &_o peragendum_fw-la cum_fw-la semper_fw-la opus_fw-la adfuerit_fw-la secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la nobis_fw-la debent_fw-la de_fw-la feodis_fw-la &_o tenementis_fw-la suis_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la facere_fw-la &_o sicut_fw-la illis_fw-la statuimus_fw-la per_fw-la common_a consilium_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la praedicti_fw-la &_o illis_fw-la dedimus_fw-la &_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditatio_fw-la hoc_fw-la praeceptum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la violatum_fw-la ullo_fw-la modo_fw-la super_fw-la forisfacturam_fw-la plenam_fw-la here_o the_o word_n statuimus_fw-la etc._n etc._n show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o conqueror_n institution_n and_o concessimus_fw-la in_o feodis_fw-la jure_fw-la haereditario_fw-la imply_v that_o feud_n be_v not_o hereditary_a before_o this_o grant_n but_o there_o may_v lie_v the_o same_o objection_n against_o it_o which_o myself_o make_v against_o the_o like_a in_o edw._n the_o confessor_n law_n that_o it_o be_v in_o a_o differ_a letter_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o text_n and_o not_o find_v in_o the_o copy_n leave_v unto_o we_o by_o roger_n hoveden_n i_o acknowledge_v it_o but_o i_o see_v that_o here_o every_o thing_n agree_v with_o the_o manner_n law_n time_n and_o idiom_n of_o the_o conqueror_n and_o i_o conceive_v that_o it_o be_v fall_v out_o as_o it_o do_v of_o old_a in_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a and_o sardis_n and_o many_o other_o too_o several_a council_n to_o be_v join_v together_o for_o hoveden_n mention_v his_o copy_n to_o be_v decretum_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la claudia_n that_o be_v gloster_n but_o lambard_n his_o to_o be_v in_o civitate_fw-la londra_n london_n so_o that_o they_o seem_v two_o several_a constitution_n make_v at_o several_a time_n and_o place_n and_o here_o put_v together_o into_o one_o howsoever_o it_o be_v it_o be_v very_o observable_a for_o it_o discover_v that_o which_o elsewhere_o we_o meet_v not_o with_o so_o perspicuous_o relate_v that_o the_o great_a dignity_n of_o earl_n and_o baron_n or_o ministerial_a thanes_z which_o before_o be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o life_n and_o those_o also_o of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n which_o enjoy_v the_o knight_n fee_n no_o otherwise_o than_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n be_v either_o now_o erect_v with_o we_o or_o make_v hereditary_a according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o feodal_n law_n before_o recite_v till_o now_o therefore_o there_o can_v no_o wardship_n marriage_n relief_n or_o other_o feodal_n servitude_n thereupon_o depend_v be_v among_o we_o nor_o can_v the_o word_n feodum_fw-la be_v take_v for_o haereditas_fw-la the_o one_o be_v former_o contrary_a to_o the_o other_o for_o cujacius_n and_o the_o feudist_n feud_n lib._n 2._o tit._n 17._o p._n 166._o make_v proprietas_fw-la alodium_fw-la &_o haereditas_fw-la to_o be_v all_o one_o in_o feodal_n sense_n and_o feodum_fw-la to_o be_v contrary_a to_o they_o all_o as_o res_fw-la alienae_n proprietatis_fw-la servituti_fw-la obnoxia_fw-la &_o successionis_fw-la coercitae_fw-la and_o be_v until_o this_o time_n not_o hereditary_a but_o arbitrable_a the_o course_n be_v thus_o change_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v present_o pursue_v here_o in_o england_n according_a to_o the_o norman_a manner_n as_o appear_v in_o doomsday_n where_o it_o be_v say_v habet_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la feudo_fw-la de_fw-la w._n comite_fw-la radulpho_n de_fw-fr limb_n 50_o carucat_n terrae_fw-la sicut_fw-la fit_a in_o normannia_n he_o join_v normannia_n with_o feudum_n as_o to_o show_v we_o whence_o it_o come_v and_o where_o we_o shall_v see_v the_o pattern_n of_o it_o disuse_v the_o old_a saxon_a manner_n of_o divide_v the_o kingdom_n by_o hide_n and_o levy_v soldier_n according_a to_o the_o hide_n grow_v now_o out_o of_o use_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o king_n war_n to_o be_v supply_v by_o knight_n fee_n the_o number_n whereof_o short_o after_o be_v account_v as_o sprott_n the_o monk_n of_o canterbury_n relate_v to_o 60215._o and_o of_o they_o he_o say_v 28115._o be_v in_o the_o clergy_n hand_n the_o norman_n also_o change_v the_o name_n of_o a_o hyde_n of_o land_n and_o call_v it_o carruè_fw-fr a_o plough_n land_n and_o as_o it_o seem_v in_o erect_v and_o lay_v forth_o their_o knight_n fee_n assign_v ordinary_o two_o carrue_n or_o plough_n land_n to_o a_o knight_n fee_n for_o it_o be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o black_a register_n of_o st._n edmunds-bury_a that_o will._n the_o conqueror_n give_v to_o baldwin_n then_o abbot_n there_o octoginta_fw-la carucatas_fw-la terrae_fw-la unde_fw-la feodaret_fw-la quadraginta_fw-la milites_fw-la and_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o so_o much_o land_n in_o those_o time_n be_v a_o knight_n fee_n at_o this_o day_n value_v in_o the_o law_n book_n but_o at_o five_o pound_n chap._n xxviii_o the_o conclusion_n i_o will_v wander_v no_o further_o in_o this_o argument_n i_o suppose_v i_o may_v be_v bold_a out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v already_o say_v to_o conclude_v that_o i_o be_v not_o mistake_v in_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o our_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n and_o that_o my_o conjecture_n do_v not_o cross_v the_o force_n of_o any_o law_n but_o now_o i_o come_v to_o a_o end_n i_o must_v discover_v a_o great_a mistake_v commit_v by_o he_o that_o draw_v the_o breviate_v for_o the_o reverend_a judge_n for_o he_o have_v make_v we_o all_o on_o both_o side_n like_o pan_n in_o ovid_n to_o touse_v a_o reed-sheaf_n instead_o of_o syrinx_n or_o like_o ixion_n to_o embrace_v a_o cloud_n instead_o of_o juno_n to_o labour_n much_o about_o a_o surmised_a assertion_n of_o his_o own_o instead_o of_o that_o which_o i_o deliver_v the_o truth_n be_v i_o have_v no_o where_o refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n nay_o when_o i_o speak_v of_o they_o i_o say_v habentur_fw-la plurima_fw-la quae_fw-la apprime_fw-la huc_fw-la conducunt_fw-la in_o anglo_n saxonum_n nostrorum_fw-la legibus_fw-la and_o this_o i_o still_o affirm_v but_o my_o word_n which_o he_o have_v much_o pervert_v be_v these_o feodorum_fw-la servitutes_fw-la in_o britanniam_fw-la nostram_fw-la primus_fw-la invexit_fw-la gulielmus_fw-la senior_fw-la it_o be_v neither_o my_o word_n nor_o my_o meaning_n to_o say_v that_o he_o first_o bring_v in_o either_o feud_n or_o military_a service_n in_o a_o general_a sense_n but_o that_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o servitude_n and_o grievance_n of_o feud_n viz._n wardship_n marriage_n and_o such_o like_a which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v never_o know_v to_o other_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o feodal_n law_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n
quem_fw-la lege_fw-la licebat_fw-la agi_fw-la when_o that_o the_o three_o judicial_a word_n the_o praetor_n may_v not_o use_v it_o be_v nefastus_n fastus_fw-la then_o when_o each_o man_n free_o sue_v the_o three_o judicial_a word_n be_v do_v dico_fw-la abdico_fw-la by_o the_o first_o he_o give_v licence_n to_o cyte_v partem_fw-la ream_n the_o defendant_n by_o the_o second_o he_o pronounce_v sentence_n and_o by_o the_o three_o he_o grant_v execution_n this_o à _fw-fr latere_fw-la the_o word_n term_n have_v also_o other_o consideration_n sometime_o it_o be_v use_v for_o the_o whole_a space_n from_o the_o first_o return_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o term_n include_v the_o day_n of_o return_n essoigne_n exception_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o and_o most_o common_o exclude_v these_o from_o the_o first_o sit_v of_o the_o judge_n in_o full_a court_n which_o be_v the_o first_o day_n for_o appearance_n and_o this_o be_v call_v full_a term_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 32._o of_o hen._n viii_o cap._n 21._o as_o though_o the_o part_n precedent_n be_v but_o semi-term_n puisne-term_n or_o introitus_fw-la termini_fw-la the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n be_v these_o that_o trinity-term_n shall_v begin_v the_o monday_n next_o after_o trinity-sunday_n for_o keep_v the_o essoignes_n proffer_v return_v and_o other_o ceremony_n heretofore_o use_v etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o full_a term_n of_o the_o say_a trinity-term_n shall_v yearly_o for_o over_o begin_v the_o friday_n next_o after_o corpus_fw-la christi_fw-la day_n here_o the_o particular_n i_o speak_v of_o be_v apparent_o set_v forth_o and_o the_o term_n declare_v to_o begin_v at_o the_o first_o return_n by_o which_o reason_n it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o eight_o day_n wherein_o the_o court_n of_o the_o exchequer_n open_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o michaelmass-term_n hilary-term_n and_o easter_n be_v to_o be_v account_v as_o part_n of_o those_o term_n for_o that_o they_o fall_v within_o the_o first_o return_n the_o exchequer_n have_v one_o return_n in_o every_o of_o they_o more_o than_o the_o court_n of_o common-law_n have_v viz._n crastino_n sancti_fw-la michaelis_fw-la octabis_n hilarii_n and_o octabis_n or_o clausum_fw-la paschae_fw-la and_o it_o seem_v that_o trinity-term_n have_v crastino_n trinitatis_fw-la in_o the_o self_n same_o manner_n before_o this_o statute_n alter_v it_o sect_n iii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o term_n or_o law-day_n law-day_n or_o dies_fw-la juridici_fw-la which_o we_o call_v term_n be_v upon_o the_o matter_n as_o ancient_a as_o offence_n and_o controversy_n god_n himself_o hold_v a_o kind_n of_o term_n in_o paradise_n when_o judicial_o he_o try_v and_o condemn_v adam_n eve_n and_o the_o serpent_n in_o all_o nation_n as_o soon_o as_o government_n be_v settle_v some_o time_n be_v appoint_v for_o punish_v offence_n redress_v of_o wrong_n and_o determine_v of_o controversy_n and_o this_o time_n to_o every_o of_o those_o nation_n be_v their_o term._n the_o original_a therefore_o of_o the_o term_n or_o law-day_n and_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o they_o be_v like_o the_o sign_n of_o oblique_a ascension_n in_o astronomy_n that_o rise_v together_o i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v any_o more_o particular_o of_o this_o point_n but_o show_v it_o as_o it_o far_o offer_v itself_o in_o our_o passage_n when_o we_o treat_v of_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o term_n or_o law-day_n which_o be_v the_o next_o and_o long_a part_n of_o this_o our_o discourse_n sect_n iv._o of_o the_o time_n assign_v to_o law-matter_n call_v the_o term_n we_o be_v now_o come_v to_o the_o great_a arm_n of_o our_o division_n which_o spread_v itself_o into_o many_o branch_n in_o handle_v whereof_o we_o shall_v fall_v either_o necessary_o or_o accidental_o upon_o these_o point_n viz._n 1._o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n jew_n greek_n etc._n etc._n 2._o of_o those_o among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n 3._o of_o those_o among_o the_o primitive_a christian_n use_v all_o alike_o 4._o how_o sunday_n come_v to_o be_v exempt_v 5._o how_o other_o festival_n and_o other_o vacation_n day_n 6._o that_o our_o term_n take_v their_o original_a from_o the_o canon-law_n 7._o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o saxon_a king_n edward_n the_o elder_a guthrun_n the_o dane_n and_o the_o synod_n of_o eanham_n under_o ethelred_n touch_v this_o matter_n 8._o the_o constitution_n of_o canutus_n more_o particular_a 9_o the_o constitution_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n more_o material_a 10._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o of_o law-day_n in_o normandy_n 11._o what_o do_v by_o william_n rufus_n henry_n i._n stephen_n and_o henry_n ii_o 12._o of_o hiliary-term_n according_a to_o those_o ancient_a law_n 13._o of_o easter-term_n in_o like_a manner_n 14._o of_o trinity-term_n and_o the_o long_a vacation_n follow_v how_o it_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o vacation_n 15._o of_o michaelmass-term_n 16._o of_o the_o late_a constitution_n of_o the_o term_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 51._o of_o hen._n iii_o and_o 36._o of_o edw._n iii_o 17._o how_o trinity-term_n be_v alter_v by_o the_o 32._o of_o hen._n viii_o chap._n i._n of_o law-day_n among_o the_o ancient_n the_o time_n allot_v to_o lawbusiness_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v that_o from_o the_o begin_n among_o all_o or_o most_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o particular_o dedicate_v as_o we_o say_v before_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n or_o some_o rite_n of_o religion_n 〈…〉_z for_o none_o that_o i_o read_v of_o ordain_v they_o to_o be_v use_v confuse_o therefore_o whilst_o moses_n be_v yet_o under_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o before_o the_o positive_a law_n be_v give_v he_o sacrifice_v and_o keep_v the_o holy_a festival_n with_o jethro_n his_o father-in-law_n on_o the_o one_o day_n but_o judge_v not_o the_o people_n till_o the_o day_n after_o some_o particular_a instance_n i_o know_v may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o i_o after_o shall_v mention_v but_o this_o seem_v then_o the_o general_a use_n 〈…〉_z the_o greek_n who_o as_o josephus_n in_o his_o book_n against_o appion_n witness_v have_v much_o of_o their_o ancient_a rite_n from_o the_o hebrew_n hold_v two_o of_o their_o court_n prytanean-day_n in_o every_o month_n for_o civil_a matter_n and_o the_o three_o only_a for_o their_o sacra_fw-la aeschines_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o câ—esiphon_n charge_v demosthenes_n with_o write_v a_o decree_n in_o the_o senate_n that_o the_o 4._o prytanean_a magistrate_n may_v hold_v a_o assembly_n upon_o the_o eight_o day_n of_o the_o approach_a month_n of_o figens_fw-la elaphebolion_n when_o the_o holy_a rite_n of_o aesculapius_n be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v 〈…〉_z the_o roman_n likewise_o whether_o by_o instinct_n of_o nature_n or_o precedent_n meddle_v not_o with_o law_n cause_n during_o the_o time_n appoint_v to_o the_o worship_n of_o their_o god_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o primitive_a law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n feriis_fw-la jurgia_fw-la amovento_fw-it and_o by_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v as_o also_o this_o of_o the_o same_o author_n post_fw-la semel_fw-la exta_fw-la deo_fw-la data_fw-la sunt_fw-la licet_fw-la omne_fw-la fari_fw-la verbaque_fw-la honoratus_fw-la libera_fw-la praetor_n habet_fw-la when_o sacrifice_n and_o holy_a rite_n be_v do_v the_o reverend_a praetor_n than_o his_o court_n begin_v and_o martial_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n sacra_fw-la damus_fw-la â—estis_fw-la â—ora_fw-la judicialia_fw-la ponunt_fw-la to_o be_v short_a it_o be_v so_o common_a a_o thing_n in_o those_o day_n of_o old_a to_o exempt_v the_o time_n of_o exercise_n of_o religion_n from_o all_o worldly_a business_n that_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n even_o our_o angli_fw-la whilst_o they_o be_v yet_o in_o germany_n the_o suevian_o themselves_z and_o other_o of_o those_o northern_a part_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a violate_v or_o interrupt_v it_o tacitus_n say_v of_o they_o that_o during_o this_o time_n of_o holy_a rite_n non_fw-la bellum_fw-la ineunt_fw-la non_fw-la arma_fw-la sumunt_fw-la clausum_fw-la omne_fw-la ferrum_fw-la pax_fw-la &_o quies_fw-la tunâ—_n tantum_fw-la nota_fw-la tunâ—_n tantum_fw-la amata_fw-la of_o our_o german_a ancestor_n we_o shall_v speak_v more_o anon_o our_o old_a british_a be_v little_a to_o the_o purpose_n they_o judge_v all_o controversy_n by_o their_o priest_n the_o druid_n and_o to_o that_o end_n meet_v but_o once_o a_o year_n as_o 6._o caesar_n show_v we_o by_o those_o of_o the_o gaul_n 54._o the_o late_a britain_n who_o we_o now_o call_v the_o wesh_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n about_o the_o year_n 900._o have_v two_o term_n only_o for_o cause_n of_o inheritance_n the_o one_o beginning_n at_o the_o nine_o of_o november_n till_o the_o nine_o of_o february_n the_o other_o from_o the_o nine_o of_o may_n till_o the_o nine_o of_o august_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o year_n be_v count_v time_n of_o vacation_n for_o sow_v in_o the_o spring_n and_o reap_v in_o the_o harvest_n chap._n ii_o of_o law-day_n among_o the_o roman_n use_v choice_a day_n i_o will_v therefore_o seek_v
and_o the_o reason_n why_o our_o common_a law_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o unwritten_a law_n they_o be_v original_o a_o grecian_a colony_n come_v out_o of_o lacedaemon_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o sparta_n where_o lycurgus_n be_v sometime_o king_n and_o author_n of_o their_o law_n among_o other_o of_o his_o decree_n he_o name_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ordain_v this_o for_o one_o that_o their_o law_n shall_v not_o be_v write_v because_o he_o will_v have_v every_o man_n to_o fix_v they_o in_o his_o memory_n and_o for_o that_o purpose_n make_v they_o short_a and_o summary_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o maxim_n this_o course_n the_o saxon_n and_o by_o their_o example_n the_o other_o german_a nation_n hold_v for_o many_o age_n the_o first_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n that_o alter_v it_o be_v the_o goth_n who_o in_o the_o aera_fw-la 504._o i._n e._n the_o year_n of_o christ_n 466._o under_o euricus_fw-la their_o king_n set_v their_o law_n in_o writing_n legum_n instituta_fw-la scriptis_fw-la habere_fw-la caeperunt_fw-la it_o ....._o the_o burgundian_n and_o salique_n a_o little_a before_o but_o the_o saxon_n themselves_o and_o the_o angli_fw-la werini_n and_o frisii_n be_v not_o note_v to_o have_v write_v law_n till_o the_o time_n of_o herald_n the_o dane_n about_o the_o year_n 994._o so_o that_o our_o saxon_n here_o in_o britain_n begin_v to_o write_v some_o of_o their_o law_n before_o their_o brethren_n of_o germany_n for_o though_o they_o reduce_v not_o the_o general_a manner_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n whereby_o they_o live_v and_o be_v govern_v into_o a_o write_a volume_n but_o leave_v they_o still_o as_o lycurgus_n his_o rhetras_n to_o common_a memory_n and_o tradition_n yet_o many_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n after_o they_o have_v receive_v christianity_n put_v their_o own_o constitution_n into_o writing_n so_o do_v the_o most_o ancient_a of_o they_o aethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o the_o year_n 680._o if_o his_o law_n whereof_o i_o have_v a_o ms._n copy_n be_v in_o his_o own_o day_n put_v in_o writing_n so_o do_v inas_fw-la king_n of_o the_o westsaxon_n what_o the_o law_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v remain_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v by_o a_o model_n of_o they_o in_o a_o ancient_a manuscript_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o law_n of_o hoel_n dha_n that_o be_v hoel_n the_o good_a nothing_o consonant_a to_o these_o of_o we_o at_o this_o day_n or_o those_o of_o the_o saxon_n in_o time_n past_a but_o we_o find_v by_o the_o red_a book_n in_o the_o exchequer_n that_o the_o law_n of_o hen._n i._n do_v so_o concur_v in_o many_o thing_n with_o they_o of_o the_o other_o nation_n we_o speak_v of_o that_o sometime_o he_o not_o only_o cit_v the_o salic_a law_n and_o the_o ribuarian_a or_o belgic_a law_n by_o name_n but_o deduce_v much_o of_o the_o text_n verbatim_o from_o they_o and_o we_o find_v also_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o word_n of_o art_n name_n of_o office_n officer_n and_o minister_n in_o our_o law_n common_a in_o old_a time_n to_o the_o german_n french_a salique_n longobard_n and_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o to_o our_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n but_o not_o one_o to_o my_o knowledge_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o british_a tongue_n nor_o do_v we_o retain_v any_o law_n rite_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n which_o we_o receive_v not_o from_o the_o saxon_n or_o german_n as_o use_v also_o by_o they_o of_o old_a before_o they_o come_v into_o britain_n for_o these_o few_o greek_a word_n that_o be_v find_v in_o our_o law_n chirographer_n and_o protonotary_n whereby_o some_o argue_v the_o antiquity_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o caesar_n and_o pliny_n report_v to_o have_v use_v the_o greek_a tongue_n it_o be_v doubtless_o that_o they_o be_v come_v to_o we_o from_o the_o civil_a lawyer_n and_o the_o one_o of_o they_o be_v a_o mongrel_n half_a greek_a and_o half_a latin_a can_v not_o descend_v from_o the_o druid_n who_o have_v neither_o knowledge_n nor_o use_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n they_o therefore_o that_o fetch_v our_o law_n from_o brutus_n mulmutius_n the_o druid_n or_o any_o other_o brutish_a or_o british_a inhabitant_n here_o of_o old_a affirm_v that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n viz._n britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o of_o their_o king_n this_o realm_n be_v still_o rule_v with_o the_o self_n same_o custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o viz._n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n vi_o govern_v withal_o do_v like_o they_o that_o make_v the_o arcadian_n to_o be_v elder_a than_o the_o moon_n and_o the_o god_n terminus_n to_o be_v so_o fix_v on_o the_o capitoline-hill_n as_o neither_o mattock_n nor_o spade_n nor_o all_o the_o power_n of_o man_n nor_o of_o the_o other_o god_n can_v remove_v he_o from_o the_o place_n he_o stand_v in_o and_o thus_o i_o end_v appendix_n pat._n 11._o hen._n iii_o m._n 13._o rex_fw-la universis_fw-la patentes_fw-la literas_fw-la inspecturis_fw-la salutem_fw-la cum_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n episcopus_fw-la auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la &_o fratrum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nobis_fw-la gratiam_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la precept_n nostro_fw-la itiner_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o a_o principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la duntaxat_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la subscriptis_fw-la viz._n in_o assizis_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n novae_fw-la diss_fw-la de_fw-fr magna_fw-la assiza_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la de_fw-la terra_fw-la emergerint_fw-la coram_fw-la eisdem_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la judicium_fw-la vel_fw-la de_fw-la consensu_fw-la pertinent_a ita_fw-la quod_fw-la haec_fw-la concessio_fw-la hoc_fw-la anno_fw-la tantum_fw-la durabit_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quas_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la protestati_fw-la sumus_fw-la quod_fw-la concessio_fw-la illa_fw-la nobis_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la supradictam_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la eundem_fw-la diem_fw-la cum_fw-la igitur_fw-la supplicaverimus_fw-la ven._n patri_fw-la iu_o archiepiscopo_fw-la eboracensi_fw-la de_fw-la consimili_fw-la gratia_fw-la nobis_fw-la concedenda_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la nos_fw-la per_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la protestamur_fw-la quod_fw-la dictus_fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la ebor._fw-la per_fw-la totam_fw-la proviciam_fw-la svam_fw-la id_fw-la de_fw-la juramentis_fw-la praestandis_fw-la sicut_fw-la praedictum_fw-la est_fw-la nobis_fw-la duxerit_fw-la concedendum_fw-la concessio_fw-la ista_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la facta_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la terminum_fw-la praedictum_fw-la non_fw-la trahetur_fw-la in_o consequentiam_fw-la post_fw-la diem_fw-la eundem_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la eidem_fw-la domino_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la ebor._fw-la dedi_fw-la have_v literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la sigillo_fw-la nostro_fw-la signatas_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmonast_n 11._o nou._n anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la undecimo_fw-la claus_n 11._o h._n iii_o m._n 26._o rex_fw-la dilectis_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la stephano_n de_fw-fr segrave_n &_o roberto_n de_fw-fr lexinton_n &_o sociis_fw-la suis_fw-la justice_n itinerantibus_fw-la in_o com._n warw._n leic._n glouc._n &_o wigorn._n salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la venerabilis_fw-la pater_fw-la s._n cant._n archiep._n auctoritate_fw-la domini_fw-la papae_fw-la concessi_fw-la quod_fw-la juramenta_fw-la praestentur_fw-la coram_fw-la justiciariis_fw-la nostris_fw-la itinerant_n ab_fw-la instanti_fw-la adventu_fw-la corum_fw-la usque_fw-la vigiliam_fw-la sancti_fw-la thomae_fw-la apostoli_fw-la &_o à _fw-la principio_fw-la quadragesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la diem_fw-la dominicam_fw-la qua_fw-la cantatur_fw-la isti_fw-la sunt_fw-la dies_fw-la viz._n in_o ass_n ultimae_fw-la praesentationis_fw-la de_fw-la morte_fw-la antecessor_n de_fw-fr magna_fw-la ass_n &_o de_fw-fr inquisitionibus_fw-la quae_fw-la emergerint_fw-la de_fw-la terris_fw-la sicut_fw-la plenius_fw-la nobis_fw-la constitit_fw-la ex_fw-la inspectione_n literarum_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n quas_fw-la inde_fw-la vobis_fw-la mittimus_fw-la rogamus_fw-la ut_fw-la v._o p._n w._n ebor._fw-la archiepiscopus_fw-la quatenus_fw-la concedens_fw-la juramenta_fw-la in_o consimilibus_fw-la causis_fw-la praestari_fw-la infra_fw-la provinciam_fw-la svam_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la praesat_fw-la terminum_fw-la literas_fw-la svas_fw-la patentes_fw-la consimiles_fw-la literas_fw-la domini_fw-la cant._n inde_fw-la habere_fw-la faciat_fw-la ut_fw-la autem_fw-la liberius_fw-la &_o facilius_fw-la hoc_fw-la volet_fw-la facere_fw-la misimus_fw-la literas_fw-la nostras_fw-la patentes_fw-la quales_fw-la fieri_fw-la fecimus_fw-la domino_fw-la cant._n protestants_n quoth_v post_n terminum_fw-la praefatum_fw-la concessio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la nobis_fw-la facta_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la trahi_fw-la in_o obseruantiam_fw-la vobis_fw-la
successoribus_fw-la nostris_fw-la damus_fw-la &_o plenam_fw-la concedimus_fw-la facultatem_fw-la &_o potestatem_fw-la per_fw-la praesentes_fw-la quatenus_fw-la vos_fw-la vel_fw-la aliqui_fw-la sex_n vestrum_fw-la quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la praefatos_fw-la johannem_fw-la lincoln_n georgium_n london_n lancelotum_fw-la winton_n &_o samuelem_n norwicen_n respective_a episcopos_fw-la quatuor_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la cum_fw-la praefato_fw-la reverendissimo_fw-la patre_fw-la super_fw-la omni_fw-la &_o omnimod_fw-la juris_fw-la vel_fw-la facti_fw-la defectu_fw-la censura_fw-la sive_fw-la poena_fw-la aliqua_fw-la canonica_n &_o ecclesiastica_fw-la praesertim_fw-la vero_fw-la irregularitate_fw-la omni_fw-la seu_fw-la irregularitatis_fw-la nota_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la forsitan_fw-la ratione_fw-la praemissorum_fw-la contracta_fw-la fuit_fw-la vel_fw-la quibusdam_fw-la contracta_fw-la esse_fw-la videantur_fw-la utque_fw-la in_o susceptis_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la &_o jurisdictionibus_fw-la secundum_fw-la concreditam_fw-la sibi_fw-la ratione_fw-la ordinis_fw-la &_o archiepiscopatus_n svi_fw-la potestatem_fw-la libere_fw-la ministrare_fw-la frui_fw-la exercere_fw-la &_o gaudere_fw-la valeat_fw-la ad_fw-la majorem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la dispensetis_fw-la ac_fw-la cetera_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la statum_fw-la commodum_fw-la &_o honorem_fw-la praefati_fw-la reverendissimi_fw-la patris_fw-la conservandum_fw-la &_o corroborandum_fw-la in_o hoc_fw-la parte_fw-la necessaria_fw-la fuerint_fw-la seu_fw-la quomodolibet_fw-la opportuna_fw-la faciatis_fw-la &_o dispensationem_fw-la hujusmodi_fw-la caeteraque_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la praefertur_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquos_fw-la sex_n vestrum_fw-la quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la praefatas_fw-la johannem_fw-la lincoln_n georgium_n london_n lancelotum_fw-la winton_n &_o samuelem_n norwicen_n respective_a episcopos_fw-la quatuor_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la facienda_fw-la in_o debita_fw-la juris_fw-la forma_fw-la concepta_fw-la &_o inscripta_fw-la reducta_fw-la sigillisque_n vestris_fw-la seu_fw-la sigillo_fw-la aliquo_fw-la authentico_fw-la munita_fw-la praefato_fw-la archiopiscopo_n tradere_fw-la non_fw-la differatis_fw-la quam_fw-la quidem_fw-la dispensationem_fw-la caeteraque_fw-la sic_fw-la ut_fw-la praefertur_fw-la per_fw-la vos_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquos_fw-la sex_n vestrum_fw-la quorum_fw-la vos_fw-la praefatos_fw-la johannem_fw-la lincoln_n georgium_n london_n lancelotum_fw-la winton_n &_o samuelem_n norwicen_n respective_a episcopos_fw-la quatuor_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la pagenda_fw-la sub_fw-la magno_fw-la insuper_fw-la sigillo_fw-la nostro_fw-la angliae_fw-la confirmari_fw-la volumus_fw-la &_o super_fw-la hiis_fw-la praefati_fw-la magni_fw-la sigilli_fw-la nostri_fw-la custodi_fw-la aliisque_fw-la cancellariae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la ministris_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la express_v mandamus_fw-la &_o plenam_fw-la tenore_fw-la praesentium_fw-la concedimus_fw-la potestatem_fw-la testae_fw-la meipso_fw-la apud_fw-la westmon_n vicesimo_fw-la secundo_fw-la die_fw-la novembris_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la angliae_fw-la francia_fw-la &_o hiberniae_fw-la decimo_fw-la nono_fw-la &_o scotiae_fw-la lv._o secundum_fw-la tenorem_fw-la &_o exigentiam_fw-la literarum_n commissionalium_fw-la praerecitatarum_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la eximendum_fw-la omnem_fw-la scrupulum_fw-la ab_fw-la infirmorum_fw-la mentibus_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la forsitan_fw-la sit_fw-la aut_fw-la fuerit_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la parte_fw-la conceptus_fw-la nos_fw-la praedicti_fw-la johannes_n lincoln_n georgius_n london_n lancelotus_n winton_n samuel_n norwicen_n thomas_n coven_n &_o lichfeld_n arthurus_n bathon_n &_o wellen._n richardus_fw-la elien_n &_o georgius_n cicestrens_n respective_a episcopi_fw-la nomine_fw-la primitus_fw-la invocato_fw-la ac_fw-la deum_fw-la patrem_fw-la oculis_fw-la solum_fw-la habentes_fw-la &_o considerantes_fw-la atque_fw-la pro_fw-la certo_fw-la habentes_fw-la quod_fw-la dicta_fw-la venatio_fw-la cui_fw-la per_fw-la te_fw-la data_fw-la erat_fw-la opera_fw-la quando_fw-la dictum_fw-la casuale_fw-la homicidium_fw-la te_fw-la nihil_fw-la tale_n suspicante_fw-la accidebat_fw-la erat_fw-la modesta_fw-la decens_fw-la &_o quieta_fw-la &_o quod_fw-la debita_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la adhibita_fw-la erat_fw-la diligentia_fw-la in_o dicta_fw-la venatione_fw-la ad_fw-la praecavendum_fw-la ne_fw-la quid_fw-la periculi_fw-la alicui_fw-la inde_fw-la eveniret_fw-la tecum_n praefato_fw-la georgio_n archiepiscopo_fw-la cantuariensi_fw-la super_fw-la omni_fw-la irregularitate_fw-la &_o irregularitatis_fw-la nota_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la forsitan_fw-la ratione_fw-la casualis_fw-la homicidii_fw-la sive_fw-la mortis_fw-la praefati_fw-la petri_n hawkins_n incurristi_fw-la vel_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la incurrisse_fw-la videaris_fw-la ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la &_o qualemcunque_fw-la juris_fw-la effectum_fw-la dispensamus_fw-la teque_fw-la praefatum_fw-la georgium_n archiepiscopum_fw-la cantuariensem_fw-la ac_fw-la personam_fw-la tuam_fw-la ab_fw-la omnibus_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la inhabilitatibus_fw-la suspensionibus_fw-la irregularitatibus_fw-la aliisque_fw-la poenis_fw-la impedimentis_fw-la censuris_fw-la &_o coercionibus_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la sive_fw-la canonicis_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la forsitan_fw-la ratione_fw-la praemissorum_fw-la aut_fw-la eorum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la incurristi_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la incurrisse_fw-la videaris_fw-la ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la &_o qualemcunque_fw-la juris_fw-la effectum_fw-la liberamus_fw-la ac_fw-la tenore_fw-la praesentium_fw-la pro_fw-la liberato_fw-la haberi_fw-la decernimus_fw-la &_o pronunciamus_fw-la quemque_fw-la defectum_fw-la labem_fw-la notam_fw-la sive_fw-la maculam_fw-la si_fw-la quam_fw-la forsitan_fw-la ratione_fw-la praemissorum_fw-la aut_fw-la eorum_fw-la alicujus_fw-la contraxisti_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquibus_fw-la contraxisse_fw-la videaris_fw-la penitus_fw-la abolemus_fw-la ac_fw-la pro_fw-la abolitis_fw-la haberi_fw-la decernimus_fw-la &_o pronunciamus_fw-la teque_fw-la etiam_fw-la praefatum_fw-la georgium_n archiepiscopum_fw-la cantuariensem_fw-la ex_fw-la superabundanti_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la majorem_fw-la cautelam_fw-la rehabilitamus_fw-la &_o restituimus_fw-la ad_fw-la omnem_fw-la &_o qualemcunque_fw-la juris_fw-la effectum_fw-la et_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o susceptis_fw-la ordinibus_fw-la &_o archiepiscopatu_fw-la praedicto_fw-la ac_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la &_o singulis_fw-la jurisdictionibus_fw-la privilegiis_fw-la praeeminentiis_fw-la praerogativis_fw-la dignitatibus_fw-la alque_fw-la aliis_fw-la rebus_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la aliquâ—_n modo_fw-la ad_fw-la dictum_fw-la archiepiscopatum_fw-la spectantibus_fw-la &_o pertinentibus_fw-la libere_fw-la ministrare_fw-la valeas_fw-la concedimus_fw-la &_o indulgemus_fw-la perinde_v ac_fw-la si_fw-la praedictum_fw-la casuale_fw-la homicidium_fw-la commissum_fw-la non_fw-la fuisset_fw-la canonibus_fw-la legibus_fw-la decretis_fw-la ordinationibus_fw-la &_o constitutionibus_fw-la ecclesiasticis_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la contrariis_fw-la si_fw-la quae_fw-la sint_fw-la in_fw-la ca_fw-mi parte_fw-la contraria_fw-la in_fw-la aliquo_fw-la non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la in_o cujus_fw-la rei_fw-la testimonium_fw-la sigilla_fw-la nostra_fw-la episcopalia_fw-la hisce_fw-la praesentibus_fw-la apponi_fw-la fecimus_fw-la dat._n duodecimo_fw-la die_fw-la decembris_fw-la anno_fw-la domini_fw-la millesimo_fw-la sexcentesimo_fw-la vicesimo_fw-la primo_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la westmon_n 24._o die_v decembris_fw-la anno_fw-la regni_fw-la regis_fw-la jacobi_n etc._n etc._n xix_o &_o scotiae_fw-la quinquagesima_fw-la quinto_fw-la of_o the_o original_a of_o testament_n and_o will_n 1633._o and_o of_o their_o probate_n to_o who_o it_o ancient_o belong_v the_o word_n testament_n or_o any_o other_o for_o a_o last_o will_n be_v not_o find_v in_o all_o the_o scripture_n before_o christ_n time_n and_o though_o it_o be_v common_a in_o the_o vulgar_a translation_n yet_o st._n jerome_n note_v that_o it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o hebrew_n to_o signify_v pactum_fw-la or_o fâ—dus_fw-la and_o so_o the_o geneva_n translation_n express_v it_o although_o therefore_o there_o be_v many_o passage_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v mean_v of_o will_n and_o so_o expound_v by_o interpreter_n as_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o achitophel_n 1_o put_v his_o house_n in_o order_n and_o hang_v himself_o and_o where_o hezekiah_n 1._o be_v command_v from_o god_n to_o put_v his_o house_n in_o order_n for_o he_o shall_v die_v yet_o there_o appear_v no_o law_n nor_o form_n of_o will_n and_o the_o declaration_n that_o jacob_n moses_n joshua_n david_n etc._n etc._n make_v at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o death_n be_v matter_n of_o consolation_n and_o counsel_n effata_fw-la novissima_fw-la or_o ultima_fw-la elogia_fw-la 30._o but_o not_o testament_n as_o we_o use_v the_o word_n sigonius_n in_o his_o book_n of_o jewish_a antiquity_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o their_o will_n nor_o do_v i_o yet_o find_v any_o in_o josephus_n it_o be_v true_a that_o s._n paul_n make_v express_v mention_n of_o they_o but_o not_o till_o the_o roman_n have_v conquer_v the_o jew_n and_o impose_v their_o law_n upon_o they_o then_o s._n paul_n speak_v of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n not_o judaical_a of_o all_o this_o i_o desire_v further_a advertisement_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a greek_n who_o as_o josephus_n testify_v fetch_v their_o law_n from_o the_o jew_n have_v not_o any_o tacitus_n report_v of_o the_o german_n in_o his_o time_n which_o be_v about_o 80._o year_n after_o christ_n successores_fw-la svi_fw-la cuique_fw-la liberi_fw-la &_o nullum_fw-la testamentum_fw-la si_fw-mi liberi_fw-la non_fw-la sunt_fw-la proximus_fw-la gradus_fw-la in_o possessione_n fratres_fw-la patruus_fw-la avunculus_fw-la with_o their_o descendant_n according_a to_o our_o law_n it_o be_v therefore_o very_o probable_a that_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n observe_v for_o a_o long_a time_n the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o make_v will_n as_o neither_o have_v their_o brethren_n the_o norman_n the_o custom_n therefore_o of_o make_v will_n among_o the_o german_a and_o northern_a nation_n be_v take_v up_o by_o little_a and_o little_a from_o the_o roman_n in_o some_o place_n after_o one_o manner_n in_o some_o after_o
to_o the_o grant_n whether_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o grant_n and_o the_o modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o distinct_a thing_n and_o aliud_fw-la from_o the_o grant_n for_o so_o the_o print_a case_n represent_v their_o opinion_n if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n be_v aliud_fw-la &_o aliud_fw-la two_o distinct_a thing_n in_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o whole_a grant_v make_v and_o the_o authority_n give_v by_o the_o say_a commission_n for_o the_o make_v thereof_o then_o the_o patent_n may_v be_v void_a as_o to_o the_o tenure_n and_o yet_o good_a for_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n but_o if_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v incident_a unto_o the_o authority_n and_o include_v within_o it_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n and_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o land_n make_v up_o but_o one_o entire_a grant_n so_o that_o the_o one_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o other_o and_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o tenure_n be_v modus_fw-la concessionis_fw-la then_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o land_n reserve_v a_o diverse_a or_o contrary_a tenure_n to_o that_o which_o their_o nude_v authority_n do_v warrant_v they_o to_o reserve_v be_v a_o do_v of_o idem_fw-la alio_fw-la modo_fw-la and_o so_o the_o whole_a act_n be_v void_a they_o who_o plead_v for_o the_o validity_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n as_o to_o the_o land_n and_o their_o be_v void_a only_o as_o to_o the_o tenure_n urge_v among_o other_o argument_n that_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conquest_n but_o grant_n be_v by_o the_o common-law_n and_o therefore_o grant_v be_v more_o ancient_a than_o tenor_n the_o tenure_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v aliud_fw-la from_o the_o thing_n grant_v and_o to_o prove_v that_o this_o tenure_n come_v in_o with_o the_o conqueror_n they_o cite_v mr._n selden_n in_o his_o spicileg_n ad_fw-la eadmerum_fw-la p._n 194._o where_o he_o have_v that_o out_o of_o bracton_n de_fw-fr acquir_n rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la b._n 2._o forinsecum_fw-la servitium_fw-la dicitur_fw-la regale_n servitium_fw-la quia_fw-la spectat_fw-la ad_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la &_o non_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o conquestu_fw-la fuit_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o this_o argument_n and_o the_o authority_n be_v both_o over-ruld_a and_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o tenor_n be_v not_o bring_v into_o england_n by_o the_o conqueror_n but_o be_v common_a among_o the_o saxon_n their_o answer_n to_o mr._n selden_n opinion_n with_o the_o reason_n upon_o which_o they_o ground_v their_o position_n i_o will_v transcribe_v at_o large_a from_o the_o print_a case_n the_o book_n be_v very_o scarce_o and_o this_o the_o only_a point_n wherein_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v concern_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o mr._n selden_n in_o that_o place_n do_v bare_o recite_v the_o word_n of_o bracton_n not_o deliver_v any_o opinion_n of_o his_o own_o for_o in_o that_o book_n cite_v pag._n 170._o and_o in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n the_o last_o edition_n p._n 612._o we_o find_v that_o he_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n and_o that_o this_o tenure_n be_v in_o use_n in_o england_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n what_o be_v those_o thani_fw-la majores_fw-la or_o thani_fw-la regis_fw-la among_o the_o saxon_n but_o the_o king_n immediate_a tenant_n of_o land_n which_o they_o hold_v by_o personal_a service_n as_o of_o the_o king_n person_n by_o grand_a serjeanty_n or_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la the_o land_n so_o hold_v be_v in_o those_o time_n call_v thainland_n as_o land_v hold_v in_o socage_n be_v call_v reveland_n so_o frequent_o in_o doomsday_n haec_fw-la terra_fw-la fuit_fw-la terra_fw-la regis_fw-la edwardi_fw-la thainland_n sed_fw-la postea_fw-la conversa_fw-la est_fw-la in_o reveland_n coke_n instit_n sect._n 117._o after_o some_o year_n that_o follow_v the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_n the_o title_n of_o thane_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n and_o that_o of_o baron_n and_o barony_n succeed_v for_o thane_n and_o thainland_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v the_o true_a and_o original_a reason_n of_o that_o which_o we_o have_v in_o the_o lord_n cromwel_n case_n 2._o coke_n 81._o that_o every_o barony_n of_o ancient_a time_n be_v hold_v by_o grand_a serjeanty_n by_o that_o tenure_n be_v the_o thain-land_n hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o those_o thain-land_n be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v after_o call_v barony_n it_o be_v true_a the_o possession_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v first_o make_v subject_n to_o knights-service_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n for_o their_o land_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n in_o pura_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la eleemosyna_fw-la free_a ab_fw-la omni_fw-la servitio_fw-la saeculari_fw-la but_o he_o than_o turn_v their_o possession_n into_o barony_n and_o so_o make_v they_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o tenure_n so_o that_o as_o to_o they_o this_o tenure_n and_o service_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o conquestu_fw-la adinventum_fw-la but_o the_o thain-land_n be_v hold_v by_o that_o tenure_n before_o as_o the_o king_n thane_n be_v a_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la so_o the_o thanus_n mediocris_fw-la or_o middle_a thane_n be_v only_o a_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n that_o either_o hold_v of_o a_o mean_a lord_n and_o not_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n or_o at_o the_o least_o of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o a_o honour_n or_o manor_n and_o not_o in_o capite_fw-la what_o be_v that_o trinoda_fw-it necessitas_fw-la which_o so_o often_o occur_v in_o the_o grant_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n under_o this_o form_n exceptisistis_fw-la tribus_fw-la expeditione_n arcis_fw-la &_o pontis_fw-la exstructione_fw-la see_v it_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o king_n etbeldred_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o coke_n 6._o report_n etc._n etc._n but_o that_o which_o be_v after_o express_v by_o salvo_n forinseco_fw-la bracton_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 26._o &_o 35._o 12._o edw._n 1._o guard_n 152._o 26._o ass_n 66._o selden_n analect_n anglobrit_fw-mi 78._o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n be_v mistake_v who_o in_o his_o glossary_a verbo_fw-la feudum_fw-la refer_v the_o original_n of_o feud_n in_o england_n to_o the_o norman_a conquest_n it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o capite_fw-la tenor_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n tenor_n in_o socage_n frank-almoigne_a etc._n etc._n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o we_o will_v believe_v what_o be_v cite_v out_o of_o a_o old_a french_a customary_a in_o a_o ms._n treatise_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o tenor_n in_o england_n which_o be_v in_o many_o man_n hand_n all_o those_o tenor_n be_v in_o use_n long_o before_o the_o saxon_n even_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o britain_n there_o it_o be_v say_v the_o first_o british_a king_n divide_v britain_n into_o four_o part_n and_o give_v one_o part_n to_o the_o arch-flamen_n to_o pray_v for_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n a_o second_o part_n he_o give_v to_o his_o earl_n and_o nobility_n to_o do_v he_o knights-service_n a_o three_o he_o divide_v among_o husbandman_n to_o hold_v of_o he_o in_o socage_n the_o four_o part_n he_o give_v to_o mechanical_a person_n to_o hold_v in_o burgage_n but_o that_o testimony_n be_v wave_v there_o be_v little_a certainty_n or_o truth_n in_o the_o british_a story_n before_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n neither_o will_v they_o make_v use_n of_o that_o which_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o william_n roville_n of_o alenzon_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o the_o grand_a customier_n of_o normandy_n that_o all_o those_o custom_n among_o which_o these_o tenor_n be_v be_v first_o bring_v into_o normandy_n out_o of_o england_n by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n beside_o that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o find_v feud_n both_o the_o name_n and_o thing_n in_o the_o law_n of_o those_o time_n among_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n 35._o where_o it_o be_v thus_o provide_v debent_fw-la enim_fw-la universi_fw-la liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la feodum_fw-la suum_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la tenementa_fw-la sua_fw-la arma_fw-la habere_fw-la &_o illa_fw-la semper_fw-la prompta_fw-la conservare_fw-la ad_fw-la tuitionem_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o servitium_fw-la dominorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la etc._n etc._n lambard_n archaionom_fw-la 135._o this_o law_n be_v after_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n vid._n coke_n instit_n sect._n 103._o as_o these_o tenor_n be_v common_a in_o those_o time_n so_o be_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o they_o homage_n fealty_n escuage_z relief_n wardship_n for_o releif_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 66_o &_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heterochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n
son_n clement_n spelman_n contain_v many_o thing_n relate_v to_o impropriation_n and_o several_a instance_n of_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n upon_o sacrilege_n the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o instance_n seem_v to_o be_v take_v from_o his_o history_n and_o fate_n of_o sacrilege_n a_o book_n still_o in_o manuscript_n the_o gentleman_n for_o who_o sake_n it_o be_v write_v die_v immediate_o upon_o the_o publication_n of_o this_o book_n but_o however_o it_o do_v very_o good_a service_n to_o the_o church_n this_o mr._n stephens_n have_v make_v appear_v in_o a_o preface_n to_o some_o of_o his_o posthumous_n work_v wherein_o he_o instance_n in_o several_a gentleman_n who_o be_v induce_v by_o the_o read_n of_o this_o book_n to_o restore_v their_o impropriation_n to_o the_o church_n that_o part_n of_o the_o preface_n be_v since_o reprint_v before_o a_o edition_n of_o this_o book_n which_o come_v out_o in_o the_o year_n 1668._o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o repeat_v the_o catalogue_n of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n i_o will_v only_o beg_v leave_n to_o mention_v a_o more_o modern_a benefaction_n of_o this_o kind_n as_o it_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o late_a edition_n of_o camden_n britannia_n â—24_n scarce_o two_o mile_n from_o arksey_n in_o the_o west-riding_a of_o yorkshire_n lie_v adwick_n in_o the_o street_n memorable_a on_o this_o account_n that_o mrs._n ann_n savill_n a_o virgin_n benefactor_n yet_o live_a daughter_n of_o john_n savill_n of_o medly_n esq_n purchase_v the_o rectory_n thereof_o for_o which_o she_o give_v about_o 900l._o and_o have_v settle_v it_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o trustee_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o church_n for_o ever_o and_o this_o from_o a_o generous_a and_o pious_a principle_n upon_o the_o read_n of_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n note_a treatise_n de_fw-fr non_fw-la temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la some_o reflection_n be_v make_v upon_o this_o discourse_n by_o a_o unknown_a author_n who_o can_v not_o forgive_v sir_n henry_n for_o pay_v so_o much_o respect_n to_o church_n and_o particular_o for_o apply_v the_o word_n ecclesia_fw-la to_o a_o material_a church_n urge_v that_o this_o term_n belong_v only_o to_o the_o assembly_n or_o congregation_n this_o sir_n henry_n take_v notice_n of_o in_o his_o glossary_n under_o the_o title_n ecclesia_fw-la produce_v some_o instance_n of_o the_o use_n of_o that_o word_n in_o ancient_a author_n and_o afterward_o honour_v it_o with_o a_o full_a apology_n it_o be_v publish_v by_o mr._n stephens_n at_o the_o end_n of_o his_o large_a work_n of_o tithe_n so_o call_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o smaller_n treatise_n de_fw-fr non_fw-fr temerandis_fw-la ecclesiis_fw-la together_o with_o a_o pious_a epistle_n to_o mr._n richard_n carew_n who_o in_o a_o letter_n to_o the_o author_n have_v express_v his_o dissatisfaction_n in_o some_o particular_n of_o this_o work_n tithe_n his_o next_o book_n upon_o this_o subject_n be_v that_o which_o he_o call_v the_o large_a work_n of_o tithe_n publish_v by_o mr._n jerem._n stephens_n in_o the_o year_n 1646._o with_o a_o excellent_a preface_n by_o the_o same_o hand_n in_o this_o discourse_n he_o assert_v tithe_n to_o the_o clergy_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o nation_n from_o the_o command_v of_o god_n in_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n and_o from_o the_o particular_a constitution_n of_o our_o own_o kingdom_n ms_n another_o work_n in_o vindication_n of_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n be_v still_o in_o manuscript_n with_o this_o title_n the_o history_n and_o fate_n of_o sacrilege_n discover_v by_o example_n of_o scripture_n of_o heathen_n and_o of_o christian_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n continual_o to_o this_o day_n by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n kt._n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 1632._o the_o account_n which_o the_o 2._o oxford_n antiquary_n give_v we_o of_o it_o be_v this_o in_o the_o year_n 1663._o mr._n stephens_n begin_v to_o print_v the_o history_n of_o sacrilege_n design_v and_o begin_v by_o sir_n henry_n spelman_n and_o leave_v to_o mr._n stephens_n to_o perfect_a and_o publish_v but_o that_o work_n stick_v long_o in_o the_o press_n both_o the_o copy_n and_o sheet_n print_v off_o perish_v in_o the_o grand_a conflagration_n of_o london_n 1666._o i_o have_v be_v tell_v by_o a_o learned_a divine_a since_o a_o prelate_n of_o our_o church_n that_o mr._n stephens_n be_v forbid_v to_o proceed_v in_o a_o edition_n of_o that_o work_n lest_o the_o publication_n of_o it_o shall_v give_v offence_n to_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n but_o whatever_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o its_o continue_v in_o the_o press_n till_o the_o fire_n of_o london_n it_o have_v be_v take_v for_o grant_v that_o the_o whole_a book_n be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v and_o i_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o same_o upon_o mr._n wood_n relation_n of_o the_o matter_n till_o examine_v some_o manuscript_n which_o be_v give_v to_o the_o bodleian_n library_n by_o the_o late_a bishop_n of_o lincoln_n i_o meet_v with_o a_o transcript_n of_o some_o part_n of_o it_o upon_o further_a enquiry_n i_o find_v other_o part_n in_o other_o place_n so_o that_o now_o the_o work_n seem_v to_o be_v pretty_a entire_a he_o begin_v with_o a_o general_a definition_n of_o sacrilege_n then_o reckon_v up_o various_a kind_n of_o it_o as_o to_z place_n person_n and_o thing_n after_o which_o he_o enumerate_v at_o large_a the_o many_o signal_n punishment_n of_o it_o among_o heathen_n jew_n and_o christian_n describe_v more_o particular_o the_o instance_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o have_v former_o happen_v in_o our_o nation_n then_o he_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o attempt_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o henry_n the_o iv'_v time_n and_o how_o it_o be_v disappoint_v afterward_o he_o descend_v to_o the_o suppression_n of_o priories-alien_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n v._o and_o so_o on_o to_o the_o general_a dissolution_n under_o henry_n viii_o here_o he_o show_v we_o the_o several_a step_n of_o the_o dissolution_n the_o king_n be_v express_a promise_n to_o employ_v the_o land_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o learning_n religion_n and_o relief_n of_o the_o poor_a with_o the_o remarkable_a calamity_n that_o ensue_v upon_o the_o king_n his_o posterity_n his_o principal_a agent_n in_o that_o affair_n the_o new_a owner_n of_o the_o land_n and_o the_o lord_n who_o promote_v and_o pass_v the_o dissolution_n act_n conclude_v with_o a_o chapter_n which_o contain_v the_o particular_n of_o divers_a monastery_n in_o norfolk_n whereof_o the_o late_a owner_n since_o the_o dissolution_n be_v extinct_a or_o decay_v or_o overthrow_v by_o misfortune_n and_o grievous_a accident_n this_o be_v a_o short_a account_n of_o a_o large_a work_n wherein_o the_o judicious_a author_n be_v far_o from_o affirm_v that_o their_o be_v concern_v in_o this_o affair_n either_o as_o promoter_n of_o the_o alienation_n or_o possessor_n of_o the_o land_n be_v direct_o the_o occasion_n of_o the_o calamity_n that_o ensue_v on_o the_o contrary_a he_o declare_v more_o than_o once_o that_o he_o will_v not_o presume_v to_o judge_v of_o the_o secret_a method_n of_o god_n providence_n but_o only_o relate_v plain_a matter_n of_o fact_n and_o leave_v every_o man_n to_o make_v his_o own_o application_n though_o it_o must_v be_v grant_v that_o many_o of_o the_o instance_n and_o those_o well_o assert_v be_v so_o terrible_a in_o the_o event_n and_o in_o the_o circumstance_n so_o surprise_v that_o no_o consider_v man_n can_v well_o pass_v they_o over_o without_o a_o serious_a reflection_n this_o discourse_n may_v have_v appear_v among_o his_o other_o posthumous_n work_v but_o that_o some_o person_n in_o the_o present_a age_n will_v be_v apt_a to_o interpret_v the_o mention_n of_o their_o predecessor_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n and_o on_o such_o a_o occasion_n as_o a_o unpardonable_a reflection_n upon_o their_o family_n ms._n these_o i_o think_v be_v all_o the_o treatise_n that_o he_o either_o write_v or_o publish_v about_o the_o right_n of_o the_o church_n the_o next_o work_n that_o i_o shall_v mention_v be_v a_o history_n of_o the_o civil_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o the_o conquest_n to_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la take_v from_o our_o best_a historian_n and_o general_o set_v down_o in_o their_o own_o word_n it_o be_v a_o manuscript_n in_o the_o bodleian_n library_n and_o the_o title_n which_o sir_n henry_n have_v give_v it_o be_v this_o codex_fw-la legum_n veterum_fw-la &_o statutorum_fw-la regni_fw-la angliae_fw-la quae_fw-la ab_fw-la ingressu_fw-la gulielmi_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la annum_fw-la nonum_fw-la henrici_fw-la tertii_fw-la edita_fw-la sunt_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ante_fw-la primum_fw-la statutum_n omnium_fw-la impressorum_fw-la in_o libris_fw-la juridicis_fw-la quod_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la appellatur_fw-la ab_fw-la edwardo_n i._n confirmata_fw-la e_o variis_fw-la monimentis_fw-la authoribus_fw-la manuscriptis_fw-la &_o antiquis_fw-la paginis_fw-la concinnatum_fw-la opere_fw-la &_o study_n henrici_fw-la spelman_n collecta_fw-la anno_fw-la
land_n and_o portion_n of_o the_o levite_n be_v give_v to_o do_v the_o service_n of_o the_o tabernacle_n 17._o the_o land_n of_o the_o other_o tribe_n to_o fight_v the_o battle_n of_o the_o lord_n against_o his_o idolatrous_a enemy_n and_o to_o root_v they_o out_o thus_o may_v fancy_n couple_v the_o remote_a thing_n to_o come_v low_o down_o and_o near_a home_n 118._o pausanias_n tell_v we_o we_o that_o when_o brennus_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o britain_n invade_v greece_n with_o a_o army_n of_o gaul_n every_o horseman_n of_o the_o better_a sort_n have_v two_o other_o gaul_n horseman_n to_o attend_v and_o second_v he_o as_o his_o vassal_n and_o they_o three_o together_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d trimarcesiam_n i._n e._n a_o society_n of_o three_o horseman_n 118._o but_o caesar_n say_v that_o the_o noble_a gaul_n in_o his_o time_n have_v according_a to_o their_o ability_n many_o horseman_n attend_v they_o in_o war_n who_o by_o a_o german_a word_n he_o call_v ambactos_fw-la which_o proper_o signify_v servant_n vassal_n workman_n ambactâ—_n and_o labourer_n yet_o he_o by_o a_o fair_a name_n expound_v it_o there_o 184._o in_o latin_a clientes_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n 124._o call_v they_o among_o the_o german_n comites_fw-la &_o familiares_fw-la as_o account_v they_o like_o abraham_n 14._o 318._o soldier_n to_o be_v all_o their_o lord_n follower_n and_o of_o his_o family_n tacitus_n 129._o likewise_o name_v they_o comites_fw-la as_o companion_n and_o follower_n quod_fw-la bello_fw-la sequi_fw-la dominum_fw-la coguntur_fw-la say_v 284._o cujacius_n but_o tacitus_n further_o say_v gradus_fw-la quinetiam_fw-la ipse_fw-la comitatus_fw-la habet_fw-la judicio_fw-la ejus_fw-la quem_fw-la sectantur_fw-la that_o there_o be_v degree_n in_o those_o company_n as_o he_o who_o they_o follow_v do_v appoint_v like_o they_o perhaps_o in_o after-age_n of_o earl_n baron_n knight_n etc._n etc._n but_o how_o the_o comites_fw-la or_o ambacti_fw-la be_v maintain_v neither_o caesar_n nor_o yet_o tacitus_n have_v relate_v as_o for_o such_o portion_n of_o land_n as_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n they_o can_v not_o then_o have_v any_o for_o caesar_n 120._o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v and_o so_o it_o appear_v by_o tacitus_n mor._n neque_fw-la cuique_fw-la agri_fw-la modum_fw-la certum_fw-la aut_fw-la fine_n proprios_fw-la habet_fw-la etc._n etc._n that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o certain_a estate_n or_o peculiar_a bound_n of_o land_n but_o the_o magistrate_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o place_n assign_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o kindred_n and_o such_o as_o live_v together_o what_o quantity_n of_o land_n and_o in_o what_o place_n they_o think_v good_a and_o the_o next_o year_n force_v they_o to_o remove_v the_o reason_n you_o may_v see_v in_o caesar_n who_o 121._o also_o show_v that_o they_o have_v no_o common_a magistrate_n but_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o town_n or_o territory_n set_v what_o law_n he_o will_v among_o his_o follower_n or_o ambactos_fw-la these_o law_n the_o goth_n the_o swede_n the_o dane_n and_o saxon_n call_v bilagines_n of_o by_o which_o in_o all_o these_o language_n signify_v a_o town_n and_o lagh_o or_o laghen_fw-mi which_o signify_v law_n as_o gravius_n nostro_fw-la suecus_n and_o our_o saxon_a author_n testify_v and_o though_o jornandes_n a_o spanish_a goth_n write_v it_o after_o the_o spanish_a corruption_n bellagineâ—_n yet_o we_o in_o england_n keep_v the_o very_a radix_fw-la and_o word_n itself_o by-law_n even_a unto_o this_o day_n though_o divert_v somewhat_o from_o the_o sense_n that_o caesar_n speak_v of_o for_o we_o call_v they_o town-law_n or_o by-law_n which_o the_o townsman_n make_v among_o themselves_o but_o caesar_n show_v that_o the_o lord_n impose_v they_o herewith_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n or_o some_o other_o ancient_n who_o speak_v of_o the_o german_n say_v agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicunt_fw-la they_o give_v law_n to_o they_o which_o dwell_v upon_o their_o land_n for_o i_o take_v agricolis_fw-la here_o in_o the_o large_a sense_n to_o extend_v to_o all_o that_o dwell_v upon_o the_o lord_n land_n as_o well_o his_o military_a follower_n as_o his_o husbandman_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o solicolae_fw-la contain_v all_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o soil_n ruricolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o the_o country_n and_o coelicolae_fw-la all_o that_o live_v in_o heaven_n these_o lordship_n of_o town_n which_o caesar_n speak_v of_o be_v after_o by_o the_o norman_n call_v maneria_fw-la the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o comites_fw-la and_o these_o which_o he_o say_v sectabantur_fw-la dominos_fw-la suos_fw-la be_v call_v vassalli_n and_o sectatores_fw-la manerii_fw-la sive_fw-la curiae_fw-la domini_fw-la vassal_n and_o suitor_n of_o court_n the_o bilagines_n or_o town-law_n be_v call_v consuetudines_fw-la and_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n the_o jurisdiction_n which_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o follower_n and_o suitor_n be_v call_v the_o court_n baron_fw-fr and_o the_o portion_n of_o land_n etc._n etc._n assign_v to_o his_o follower_n for_o their_o stipend_n or_o maintenance_n be_v at_o first_o call_v munera_fw-la after_o beneficia_fw-la and_o last_o feuda_n or_o tenant-land_n which_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o for_o military_a man_n call_v feudum_fw-la militare_fw-la and_o feudum_fw-la nobile_fw-la tenure_n by_o knights-service_n the_o other_o for_o husbandman_n call_v therefore_o feudum_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la tenure_n in_o socage_n or_o by_o the_o plough_n thus_o it_o appear_v that_o feud_n and_o tenor_n and_o the_o feudal_n law_n itself_o take_v their_o original_n from_o the_o german_n and_o northern_a nation_n in_o such_o condition_n therefore_o how_o obscure_a soever_o as_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n leave_v they_o to_o we_o 1._o gerardus_n niger_n the_o consul_n of_o milan_n who_o flourish_v about_o a._n d._n 1176._o and_o first_o compose_v they_o into_o a_o book_n take_v they_o up_o as_o he_o there_o find_v they_o and_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n as_o have_v the_o forementioned_a passage_n under_o his_o eye_n say_v antiquissimo_fw-la tempore_fw-la sic_fw-la erat_fw-la in_o dominorum_fw-la potestate_fw-la connexum_fw-la ut_fw-la quando_fw-la vellent_fw-la possent_fw-la auferre_fw-la rem_fw-la in_o feudum_fw-la à _fw-la se_fw-la datam_fw-la and_o this_o agree_v with_o caesar_n by_o who_o it_o seem_v in_o the_o place_n before_o mention_v that_o the_o ambacti_fw-la or_o follower_n of_o the_o german_n have_v in_o those_o time_n either_o no_o land_n at_o all_o or_o no_o estate_n at_o all_o in_o their_o land_n or_o first_o but_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n and_o then_o but_o for_o one_o single_a year_n which_o gerardus_n also_o confess_v to_o have_v be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o elder_a sort_n of_o feudatary_n for_o he_o say_v present_o after_o his_o former_a word_n postea_fw-la vero_fw-la eo_fw-la ventum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la per_fw-la annum_fw-la tantum_fw-la stabilitatem_fw-la haberent_fw-la res_fw-la in_fw-la feudum_fw-la datae_fw-la thus_o for_o another_o while_n their_o feudal_n vassal_n who_o here_o he_o call_v fideles_fw-la and_o we_o now_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n enjoy_v their_o feud_n no_o otherwise_o than_o from_o year_n to_o year_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n either_o by_o grant_n or_o sufferance_n 21._o till_o further_a grace_n confirm_v they_o to_o they_o for_o divers_a year_n and_o at_o length_n for_o term_n of_o life_n which_o gerardus_n also_o present_o there_o declare_v say_v deinde_fw-la statutum_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la fidelis_fw-la producerentur_fw-la feuda_fw-la in_o this_o manner_n stand_v the_o principal_a feud_n themselves_o even_o those_o of_o earldom_n and_o dukedom_n which_o they_o call_v feuda_fw-la majora_fw-la and_o feuda_fw-la regalia_z in_o the_o latter_a time_n of_o the_o saxon_n till_o the_o come_n of_o the_o conqueror_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o lesser_a feud_n which_o we_o call_v knights-fee_n i_o find_v nothing_o in_o abby-book_n otherwise_o than_o a_o numerous_a multitude_n of_o lease_n and_o grant_n make_v by_o bishop_n and_o abbat_n to_o their_o follower_n for_o term_n of_o life_n without_o mention_n of_o tenure_n or_o feudal_n service_n yet_o i_o must_v confess_v that_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a precedent_n â—6_n leave_v we_o by_o oswald_z bishop_n of_o worcester_z in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o in_o grant_v out_o the_o land_n of_o his_o bishopric_n unto_o his_o follower_n for_o life_n or_o three_o life_n impose_v upon_o they_o by_o a_o solemn_a instrument_n ratify_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o a_o multitude_n of_o service_n and_o charge_n as_o well_o military_a as_o civil_a which_o after_o you_o shall_v here_o see_v and_o then_o consider_v how_o and_o whither_o they_o conduce_v to_o our_o feud_n or_o not_o liâ—e_z if_o we_o understand_v they_o to_o be_v feud_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o of_o that_o nature_n then_o be_v we_o sure_a they_o be_v no_o more_o than_o for_o life_n and_o not_o inheritable_a nor_o stretch_v further_o without_o further_a grace_n obtain_v from_o the_o lord_n
by_o the_o saxon_n it_o cast_v anchor_n chief_o on_o relief_n as_o a_o thing_n most_o evident_a and_o unanswerable_a the_o rest_n save_o wardship_n it_o scarce_o fortify_v with_o a_o breath_n beside_o the_o bare_a assertion_n this_o it_o say_v be_v common_a and_o in_o pursuit_n thereof_o 37._o add_v these_o word_n for_o relief_n we_o have_v full_a testimony_n in_o the_o relief_n of_o their_o earl_n and_o thanes_z for_o which_o see_v the_o law_n of_o king_n canutus_n cap._n 68_o and_o 69._o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n cap._n de_fw-fr heretochiis_fw-la and_o what_o out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o doomsday_n coke_n have_v in_o his_o instit_n sect._n 103._o camden_n in_o berkshire_n selden_n in_o eadmer_n 154._o great_a authority_n secumque_fw-la deos_fw-la in_o praelia_fw-la ducunt_fw-la we_o must_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o all_o at_o once_o let_v we_o try_v they_o single_o the_o law_n cite_v out_o of_o canutus_n be_v in_o these_o word_n and_o beon_o ða_fw-la heregeata_fw-la let_v the_o heriot_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v after_o the_o death_n of_o great_a man_n be_v according_a to_o their_o dignity_n a_o earl_n eight_o horse_n four_o saddle_v and_o four_o unsaddle_v four_o helmet_n four_o corslet_n eight_o spear_n and_o as_o many_o shield_n four_o sword_n and_o two_o hundred_o mark_n of_o gold_n the_o heriot_n of_o a_o thane_n next_o to_o the_o king_n four_o horse_n two_o saddle_v and_o two_o unsaddle_v two_o sword_n four_o spear_n four_o shield_n one_o helmet_n one_o corslet_n and_o fifty_o mark_n of_o the_o inferior_a or_o middling_a thane_n a_o horse_n furnish_v and_o his_o weapon_n etc._n etc._n mediocris_fw-la and_o he_o that_o less_o have_v and_o less_o may_v let_v his_o heriot_n be_v two_o pound_n here_o be_v speech_n indeed_o of_o a_o heriot_n but_o none_o of_o relief_n i_o shall_v anon_o show_v the_o difference_n between_o they_o and_o then_o have_v this_o law_n nothing_o against_o i_o touch_v the_o law_n allege_v to_o be_v edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o word_n be_v these_o qui_fw-la in_o bello_fw-la ante_fw-la dominum_fw-la suum_fw-la ceciderit_fw-la sit_fw-la hoc_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la sit_fw-la alibi_fw-la sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la etc._n etc._n here_o i_o confess_v be_v mention_n of_o relief_n but_o i_o deny_v this_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v true_a that_o it_o be_v publish_v by_o lambard_n among_o his_o receive_a law_n but_o if_o you_o mark_v it_o in_o a_o differ_a letter_n as_o note_v it_o to_o be_v a_o addition_n in_o a_o ancient_a ms._n therefore_o which_o i_o have_v of_o those_o law_n it_o be_v not_o sound_a nor_o in_o the_o print_a copy_n of_o roger_n hoveden_n who_o write_v till_o the_o three_o year_n of_o king_n john_n that_o be_v 134._o year_n after_o the_o confessor_n time_n with_o reverence_n therefore_o be_v it_o speak_v it_o be_v mistake_v both_o in_o the_o report_n and_o by_o my_o ld._n coke_n himself_o who_o it_o follow_v if_o they_o say_v that_o these_o word_n be_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n yea_o the_o text_n itself_o make_v ....._o of_o william_n the_o young_a call_v rufus_n but_o to_o conceal_v no_o truth_n it_o be_v deliver_v by_o jornalensis_n monachus_n in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n as_o a_o law_n of_o a_o elder_a king_n among_o we_o than_o the_o confessor_n namely_o of_o canutus_n our_o danish_a king_n who_o in_o the_o 157._o chap._n of_o his_o law_n speak_v of_o one_o slay_v in_o battle_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n say_v express_o sint_fw-la ei_fw-la relevationes_fw-la condonatae_fw-la now_o the_o game_n seem_v to_o be_v win_v but_o stay_v a_o while_n and_o remember_v what_o i_o say_v before_o of_o the_o translation_n of_o our_o saxon_a law_n and_o charter_n into_o latin_n the_o saxon_n and_o the_o dane_n who_o language_n and_o law_n differ_v little_a in_o those_o day_n write_v their_o law_n only_o in_o their_o own_o tongue_n and_o the_o translate_n of_o they_o have_v beget_v much_o variety_n and_o many_o controversy_n we_o must_v therefore_o resort_v to_o the_o original_a saxon_a where_o this_o passage_n be_v in_o the_o 75_o the_o chap._n of_o the_o second_o part_n of_o his_o law_n in_o these_o word_n &_o see_v man_n ðe_fw-la aet_fw-la ðam_fw-la syâ—dung_n toforan_n his_o hlaâ—ord_n bealle_n sy_a hit_v innan_n land_n sy_a hit_n of_o land_n beon_fw-mi herogeata_fw-la forgyfene_fw-la which_o be_v thus_o verbatim_o the_o man_n that_o in_o a_o military_a voyage_n be_v slay_v before_o or_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o lord_n be_v it_o upon_o land_n or_o off_o of_o land_n let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o he_o say_v not_o let_v the_o releif_n but_o let_v the_o heriot_n be_v forgive_v he_o and_o i_o deny_v not_o but_o this_o may_v be_v one_o of_o the_o danish_a law_n which_o edward_n the_o confessor_n take_v out_o of_o canutus_n law_n when_o he_o compose_v the_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o west_n saxon_a law_n mercian_n law_n and_o dane_n law_n if_o the_o copy_n of_o they_o be_v extant_a and_o it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n or_o one_o of_o his_o son_n do_v turn_v that_o law_n of_o heriot_n into_o this_o of_o relief_n for_o that_o which_o my_o lord_n coke_n have_v out_o of_o doomsday_n be_v the_o same_o which_o mr._n cambden_n have_v in_o berkshire_n touch_v all_o that_o county_n ut_fw-la tainus_n vel_fw-la miles_n regis_fw-la dominicus_n moriens_fw-la pro_fw-la releviamento_fw-la dimittebat_fw-la regi_fw-la omne_fw-la arma_fw-la sua_fw-la &_o equum_fw-la unum_fw-la cum_fw-la sella_fw-la &_o alium_fw-la sine_fw-la sella_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la essent_fw-la cane_n vel_fw-la accipitres_fw-la praestabantur_fw-la releviamentum_fw-la regi_fw-la ut_fw-la sivellet_fw-la acciperet_fw-la here_o be_v releviamentum_fw-la use_v in_o the_o conquerour_n time_n which_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o question_n be_v of_o it_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_n that_o also_o cite_v by_o and_o out_o of_o mr._n selden_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n and_o one_o answer_n therefore_o serve_v to_o all_o the_o three_o yet_o by_o way_n of_o corollary_n i_o shall_v anon_o discover_v another_o error_n of_o this_o sort_n rise_v even_o from_o doomsday_n itself_o and_o the_o norman_n possess_v this_o kingdom_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o not_o well_o instruct_v in_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v chap._n xviii_o difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n relief_n heriot_n be_v usual_a among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n relief_n among_o the_o elder_n norman_n before_o their_o come_n into_o england_n this_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o feudal_n law_n and_o other_o nation_n that_o ordain_v by_o ludovicus_n al._n clodoveus_n king_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n 511._o to_o tame_a the_o almain_n who_o he_o then_o have_v bring_v to_o servitude_n i_o find_v it_o not_o in_o england_n till_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o dane_n the_o first_o law_n which_o i_o find_v that_o mention_v it_o be_v those_o of_o canutus_n before_o mention_v who_o perhaps_o for_o the_o assurance_n of_o his_o throne_n use_v this_o politic_a device_n to_o have_v all_o the_o armour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n at_o his_o disposition_n in_o this_o manner_n when_o he_o have_v dismiss_v his_o danish_a army_n but_o it_o fall_v so_o out_o as_o the_o heriot_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o or_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o old_a tenant_n and_o the_o relief_n at_o or_o before_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o new_a the_o norman_n in_o this_o do_v like_o our_o ancestor_n the_o saxon_n who_o because_o our_o christian_n pascha_fw-la or_o passover_n fall_v out_o yearly_a to_o be_v celebrate_v about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o their_o idol_n easter_n call_v our_o passover_n by_o the_o name_n of_o their_o easter_n so_o they_o seem_v to_o have_v conceive_v the_o saxon_a heriot_n to_o be_v the_o same_o that_o their_o norman_a relief_n be_v and_o therefore_o translate_v the_o word_n heriot_n by_o releviamentum_fw-la or_o relevium_fw-la and_o raise_v the_o form_n of_o their_o feudal_n law_n in_o england_n draw_v the_o saxon_a custom_n to_o cohere_v therewith_o as_o much_o as_o may_v be_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o heriot_n and_o relief_n for_o heriot_n be_v militiae_fw-la apparatus_n which_o the_o word_n signify_v and_o devise_v as_o i_o say_v before_o to_o keep_v the_o conquer_a nation_n in_o subjection_n and_o to_o support_v the_o public_a strength_n and_o military_a furniture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o relief_n for_o the_o private_a commodity_n of_o the_o lord_n that_o he_o may_v not_o have_v inutilem_fw-la proprietatem_fw-la in_o the_o seignory_n the_o heriots_n be_v therefore_o proper_o pay_v in_o habiliment_n of_o war_n the_o relief_n usual_o in_o money_n the_o heriot_n for_o the_o tenant_n that_o die_v and_o out_o of_o his_o good_n â—_o the_o relief_n for_o the_o tenant_n
to_o all_o these_o be_v the_o tenant_n by_o knights-service_n tie_v by_o his_o oath_n of_o fealty_n swear_v to_o be_v feal_z and_o leal_v as_o the_o oath_n be_v at_o those_o time_n interpret_v 5._o as_o well_o by_o divine_n and_o canonist_n as_o by_o feodists_n and_o lawyer_n and_o as_o these_o be_v inherent_a to_o this_o tenure_n of_o common_a right_n so_o be_v there_o many_o other_o grievous_a exaction_n impose_v by_o the_o lord_n upon_o their_o tenant_n some_o by_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n some_o by_o composition_n upon_o grant_v the_o fee_n and_o many_o by_o signioral_a authority_n as_o though_o the_o lord_n beside_o his_o legal_a power_n may_v do_v some_o thing_n like_o the_o king_n by_o prerogative_n by_o custom_n lene_n when_o the_o lord_n or_o lady_n come_v into_o the_o manor_n the_o bailiff_n be_v to_o present_v they_o 18_o oras_fw-la denar_n and_o every_o of_o their_o servant_n 10s._o with_o some_o sum_n of_o money_n as_o gratuity_n ut_fw-la essent_fw-la laeti_fw-la animo_fw-la that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v pay_v 32d._o for_o every_o daughter_n they_o marry_v banco_n it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a custom_n that_o lord_n may_v take_v not_o only_o of_o their_o tenant_n but_o of_o all_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o victual_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o furnish_v their_o castle_n which_o how_o grievous_a it_o be_v may_v well_o enough_o be_v conceive_v though_o the_o statute_n that_o restrain_v it_o do_v not_o testify_v it_o so_o other_o lord_n take_v provision_n for_o their_o household_n and_o hospitality_n within_o their_o manor_n by_o composition_n bracton_n as_o to_o have_v their_o tenant_n attend_v they_o with_o horse_n and_o man_n in_o their_o journey_n who_o they_o call_v road-knight_n to_o present_v they_o yearly_o at_o time_n horse_n hawk_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o profit_n and_o pleasure_n by_o signioral_a authority_n as_o to_o lie_v and_o feast_v themselves_o and_o follower_n call_v cosher_z at_o their_o tenant_n house_n and_o when_o any_o matter_n of_o extraordinary_a charge_n fall_v upon_o they_o then_o to_o extort_v the_o same_o among_o their_o tenant_n which_o the_o irish_a about_o forty_o year_n since_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n still_o continue_v call_v it_o cut_n according_a to_o our_o old_a word_n tallagium_fw-la but_o among_o we_o it_o be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o king_n john_n i_o speak_v not_o of_o the_o innumerable_a carriage_n angary_n and_o vexation_n with_o which_o they_o otherwise_o harrow_v if_o not_o plague_v their_o tenant_n yet_o must_v i_o not_o let_v that_o pass_n which_o every_o where_o be_v then_o in_o use_n for_o lord_n of_o castle_n to_o imprison_v man_n at_o pleasure_n to_o hold_v and_o keep_v distress_n there_o against_o common_a justice_n and_o to_o do_v many_o outrage_n all_o about_o they_o wherein_o the_o lord_n of_o manor_n imitate_v they_o will_v also_o imprison_v their_o tenant_n and_o follower_n which_o custom_n i_o see_v also_o yet_o not_o lay_v down_o in_o ireland_n forty_o year_n since_o for_o a_o meane-lord_n will_v ordinary_o say_v upon_o offence_n take_v against_o a_o churl_n etc._n etc._n take_v he_o and_o put_v he_o in_o bolt_n but_o let_v matthew_n paris_n who_o live_v long_o after_o many_o of_o these_o oppression_n be_v abolish_v tell_v you_o the_o fashion_n of_o those_o time_n not_o every_o lord_n have_v this_o authority_n over_o his_o tenant_n the_o superior_a as_o comprehend_v they_o all_o and_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v tie_v to_o the_o king_n to_o see_v all_o under_o his_o tenure_n to_o be_v of_o good_a government_n good_a behaviour_n and_o forthcoming_a whensoever_o they_o shall_v be_v demand_v to_o answer_v any_o misdemeanour_n this_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n where_o it_o be_v say_v archiepiscopi_fw-la episcopi_fw-la comites_fw-la barones_n &_o omnes_fw-la qui_fw-la habuerint_fw-la sacam_fw-la &_o socam_fw-la etc._n etc._n milites_fw-la &_o proprios_fw-la servientes_fw-la sc_fw-la dapiferos_fw-la pincernas_fw-la etc._n etc._n sub_fw-la svo_fw-la friburgo_fw-la habeant_fw-la that_o be_v sub_fw-la sua_fw-la fidejussione_a de_fw-la se_fw-la bene_fw-la gerendo_fw-la by_o reason_n whereof_o whatsoever_o those_o their_o lord_n agree_v or_o disagree_v unto_o in_o matter_n of_o the_o state_n and_o commonwealth_n it_o do_v bind_v every_o of_o they_o their_o inferior_n unto_o who_o they_o themselves_o may_v then_o also_o appoint_v law_n and_o ordinance_n in_o their_o own_o court_n and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o tacitus_n affirm_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o the_o german_n our_o ancestor_n agricolis_fw-la suis_fw-la jus_o dicere_fw-la where_o under_o the_o word_n agricolis_fw-la he_o intend_v all_o they_o who_o we_o call_v tenant_n hence_o than_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o make_v law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o common_a people_n be_v not_o consult_v with_o but_o only_o the_o baron_n and_o those_o which_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la who_o then_o be_v call_v consilium_fw-la regni_fw-la and_o the_o common_a people_n be_v as_o i_o say_v by_o way_n of_o tenure_n under_o one_o or_o other_o of_o they_o do_v then_o by_o he_o that_o be_v their_o chief_a lord_n as_o by_o their_o tribune_n or_o procurator_n and_o as_o now_o by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n consent_n or_o dissent_v in_o law-making_a and_o be_v not_o therefore_o name_v in_o the_o title_n of_o any_o ancient_a law_n look_v doomsday-book_n and_o there_o you_o shall_v see_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n divide_v only_o among_o the_o baron_n and_o great_a person_n and_o the_o whole_a commons_o of_o the_o kingdom_n distribute_v and_o place_v under_o some_o of_o they_o though_o not_o by_o name_n yet_o by_o number_n in_o their_o several_a quality_n let_v we_o then_o see_v how_o the_o practice_n of_o those_o ancient_a age_n agree_v with_o this_o theorem_a king_n ina_n praef._n make_v his_o law_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o kenred_n his_o father_n and_o as_o he_o say_v himself_o heddis_n &_o erkenwaldi_n episcoporum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la aldermannorum_fw-la i._n e._n procerum_fw-la meorum_fw-la &_o seniorum_fw-la sapientum_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la &_o multa_fw-la aggregatione_fw-la servorum_fw-la dei_fw-la which_o be_v of_o churchman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o alured_v brief_o praef._n consilio_fw-la sapientum_fw-la meorum_fw-la edward_n the_o elder_a propose_v his_o 7._o law_n not_o as_o senatus-consultum_fw-la but_o as_o edictum_fw-la principis_fw-la viz._n ego_fw-la edovardus_fw-la rex_fw-la iis_fw-la omnibus_fw-la qui_fw-la reipub._n praesunt_fw-la etiam_fw-la atque_fw-la etiam_fw-la mando_fw-la ut_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o after_o by_o the_o absolute_a word_n praecipio_fw-la statuimus_fw-la volo_fw-la yet_o those_o wherein_o he_o and_o guthrun_n the_o dane_n join_v be_v call_v foed_n senatus-consulta_a ethelstane_n make_v his_o epilogue_n exit_fw-la prudenti_fw-la vlfhelmae_n archiepiscopi_fw-la aliorumque_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la suorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la necnon_a omnium_fw-la optimatum_fw-la &_o sapientum_fw-la mandato_fw-la svo_fw-la congregatorum_fw-la edmund_n in_o a_o great_a assembly_n praef._n tam_fw-la ecclesiasticorum_fw-la quam_fw-la laicorum_fw-la cui_fw-la interfuerunt_fw-la oda_n &_o wulstanus_n archiep._n plurimique_fw-la alii_fw-la episcopi_fw-la edgar_z praef._n in_o frequenti_fw-la sapientum_fw-la senatu_fw-la ethelred_n praef._n in_o sapientum_fw-la concilio_n canuius_fw-la say_v politic_a sapientum_fw-la adhibito_fw-la consilio_fw-la per_fw-la omnem_fw-la angliam_fw-la observari_fw-la praecipio_fw-la as_o for_o edward_n the_o confessor_n his_o law_n come_v not_o to_o we_o as_o they_o be_v compose_v by_o himself_o but_o as_o the_o paragraph_n of_o they_o be_v collect_v by_o the_o conqueror_n and_o augment_v afterward_o in_o which_o collection_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o institution_n but_o recite_v of_o a_o passage_n of_o st._n austin_n touch_v tithe_n it_o be_v speak_v as_o of_o former_a time_n that_o haec_fw-la concessa_fw-la sunt_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la baronibus_fw-la &_o populo_fw-la meaning_n the_o several_a kind_n of_o tithe_n there_o mention_v but_o whether_o these_o word_n extend_v to_o a_o concession_n of_o they_o by_o parliament_n as_o we_o now_o call_v it_o or_o by_o a_o voluntary_a contribution_n of_o they_o yield_v unto_o by_o the_o king_n the_o baron_n and_o the_o people_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n i_o leave_v to_o other_o to_o determine_v to_o come_v to_o time_n of_o the_o conqueror_n wherein_o novus_n seclorum_fw-la nascitur_fw-la ordo_fw-la and_o from_o whence_o as_o from_o a_o new_a period_n we_o must_v now_o take_v all_o our_o projection_n the_o great_a establishment_n of_o his_o own_o and_o of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n law_n be_v say_v in_o the_o title_n to_o be_v that_o which_o gulielmus_fw-la rex_fw-la anglorum_fw-la cum_fw-la principibus_fw-la suis_fw-la constituit_fw-la post_fw-la conquisitionem_fw-la angliae_fw-la other_o author_n instead_o of_o principibus_fw-la have_v barones_n and_o though_o all_o his_o law_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ordain_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o his_o own_o name_n only_o yet_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o
pag._n 89._o concern_v this_o treatise_n i_o shall_v here_o brief_o exhibit_v some_o particular_n which_o i_o acknowledge_v to_o have_v gather_v from_o a_o ample_a and_o most_o judicious_a discourse_n on_o this_o subject_a write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n henry_n spelman_n knight_n in_o 1614_o very_o well_o worthy_a to_o be_v make_v public_a the_o occasion_n of_o this_o discourse_n about_o forty_o two_o year_n since_o divers_a gentleman_n in_o london_n studious_a of_o antiquity_n frame_v themselves_o into_o a_o college_n or_o society_n of_o antiquary_n appoint_v to_o meet_v every_o friday_n weekly_a in_o the_o term_n at_o a_o place_n agree_v of_o and_o for_o learn_v sake_n to_o confer_v upon_o some_o question_n in_o that_o faculty_n and_o to_o sup_v together_o the_o place_n after_o a_o meeting_n or_o two_o become_v certain_a at_o darby-house_n where_o the_o herald's-office_n be_v keep_v and_o two_o question_n be_v propound_v at_o every_o meeting_n to_o be_v handle_v at_o the_o next_o that_o follow_v so_o that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o sennight_n respite_n to_o advise_v upon_o they_o and_o then_o to_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n that_o which_o seem_v most_o material_a be_v by_o one_o of_o the_o company_n choose_v for_o the_o purpose_n to_o be_v enter_v in_o a_o book_n that_o so_o it_o may_v remain_v unto_o posterity_n the_o society_n increase_v daily_o many_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n as_o well_o noble_a as_o other_o learned_a join_v themselves_o unto_o it_o thus_o it_o continue_v divers_a year_n but_o as_o all_o good_a use_n common_o decline_v so_o many_o of_o the_o chief_a supporter_n hereof_o either_o die_v or_o withdraw_v themselves_o from_o london_n into_o the_o country_n this_o among_o the_o rest_n grow_v for_o twenty_o year_n to_o be_v discontinue_v but_o it_o than_o come_v again_o into_o the_o mind_n of_o divers_a principal_a gentleman_n to_o revive_v it_o and_o for_o that_o purpose_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o in_o the_o year_n 1614_o there_o meet_v at_o the_o same_o place_n sir_n james_n ley_n knight_n than_o attorney_n of_o the_o court_n of_o ward_n since_o earl_n of_o marleborough_n and_o lord_n treasurer_n of_o england_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n knight_n and_o baronett_n sir_n john_n davies_n his_o majesty_n be_v attorney_n for_o ireland_n sir_n richard_n st._n george_n knt._n then_o norrey_n mr._n hackwell_n the_o queen_n solicitor_n mr._n camden_n then_o clarentieux_n myself_o and_o some_o other_o of_o these_o the_o lord_n treasurer_n sir_n robert_n cotton_n mr._n camden_n and_o myself_o have_v be_v of_o the_o original_a foundation_n and_o to_o my_o knowledge_n be_v all_o then_o live_v of_o that_o sort_n save_v sir_n john_n doderidge_n knight_n justice_n of_o the_o king_n be_v bench._n we_o hold_v it_o sufficient_a for_o that_o time_n to_o revive_v the_o meeting_n and_o only_o conceive_v some_o rule_n of_o government_n and_o limitation_n to_o be_v observe_v among_o we_o whereof_o this_o be_v one_o that_o for_o avoid_v offence_n we_o shall_v neither_o meddle_v with_o matter_n of_o state_n nor_o of_o religion_n and_o agree_v of_o two_o question_n for_o the_o next_o meeting_n we_o choose_v mr._n hackwell_n to_o be_v our_o register_n and_o the_o convocator_n of_o our_o assembly_n for_o the_o present_a and_o sup_v together_o so_o depart_v one_o of_o the_o question_n be_v touch_v the_o original_a of_o the_o term_n about_o which_o as_o be_v obscure_a and_o general_o mistake_v i_o bestow_v some_o extraordinary_a pain_n that_o come_v short_a of_o other_o in_o understanding_n i_o may_v equal_v they_o if_o i_o can_v in_o diligence_n but_o before_o our_o next_o meeting_n we_o have_v notice_n that_o his_o majesty_n take_v a_o little_a mislike_n of_o our_o society_n not_o be_v inform_v that_o we_o have_v resolve_v to_o decline_v all_o matter_n of_o state_n yet_o hereupon_o we_o forbear_v to_o meet_v again_o and_o so_o all_o our_o labour_n lose_v but_o my_o lie_v by_o i_o and_o have_v be_v often_o desire_v of_o i_o by_o some_o of_o my_o friend_n i_o think_v good_a upon_o a_o review_n and_o augmentation_n to_o let_v it_o creep_v abroad_o in_o the_o form_n you_o see_v it_o wish_v it_o may_v be_v rectify_v by_o some_o better_a judgement_n sect_n i._o of_o the_o term_n in_o general_n as_o our_o law_n book_n have_v nothing_o to_o my_o knowledge_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o term_n so_o be_v it_o much_o better_a if_o our_o chronicle_n have_v as_o little_a for_o though_o it_o be_v little_a they_o have_v in_o that_o kind_n yet_o be_v that_o little_a very_o untrue_a affirm_v that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n do_v first_o institute_v they_o it_o be_v not_o worth_a the_o examine_n who_o be_v author_n of_o the_o error_n but_o it_o seem_v etc._n polydore_v virgil_n a_o alien_n in_o our_o commonwealth_n and_o not_o well_o endenize_v in_o our_o antiquity_n spread_v it_o first_o in_o print_n i_o purpose_v not_o to_o take_v it_o upon_o any_o man_n word_n but_o search_v for_o the_o fountain_n will_n if_o i_o can_v deduce_v they_o from_o thence_o beginning_n with_o their_o definition_n the_o term_n be_v certain_a portion_n of_o the_o year_n in_o which_o only_o the_o king_n justice_n hold_v plea_n in_o the_o high_a temporal_a court_n of_o cause_n belong_v to_o their_o jurisdiction_n in_o the_o place_n thereto_o assign_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o definition_n divide_v itself_o and_o offer_v these_o part_n to_o be_v consider_v 1._o the_o name_n they_o bear_v 2._o the_o original_a they_o come_v from_o 3._o the_o time_n they_o continue_v 4._o the_o person_n they_o be_v hold_v by_o 5._o the_o cause_n they_o deal_v with_o 6._o the_o place_n they_o be_v keep_v in_o 7._o the_o rite_n they_o be_v perform_v with_o the_o part_n minister_v matter_n for_o a_o book_n at_o large_a but_o my_o purpose_n upon_o the_o occasion_n impose_v be_v to_o deal_v only_o with_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o term_n i_o will_v travel_v no_o far_o than_o the_o three_o first_o stage_n of_o my_o division_n that_o be_v touch_v their_o name_n their_o original_a and_o their_o time_n of_o continuance_n sect_n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o term_n the_o word_n terminus_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v the_o bind_v end_v or_o limit_v of_o a_o thing_n here_o particular_o of_o the_o time_n for_o law_n matter_n in_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o also_o signify_v a_o day_n set_v to_o the_o defendant_n and_o in_o that_o sense_n do_v 1._o bracton_n glanvil_n and_o other_o sometime_o use_v it_o mat._n paris_n call_v the_o sheriff_n turn_v terminum_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la and_o in_o the_o addition_n to_o the_o mss._n law_n of_o king_n inas_fw-la terminus_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o hundred-court_n as_o also_o in_o a_o charter_n of_o hen._n i._n prescribe_v the_o time_n of_o hold_v the_o court._n and_o we_o ordinary_o use_v it_o for_o any_o set_a portion_n of_o time_n as_o of_o life_n year_n lease_n etc._n etc._n the_o space_n between_o the_o term_n be_v name_v vacation_n à _fw-la vacando_fw-la as_o be_v leisure_n from_o law_n business_n by_o latinist_n justitium_fw-la à _fw-la jure_fw-la stando_fw-la because_o the_o law_n be_v now_o at_o a_o stop_n or_o stand_v the_o civilian_n and_o canonist_n call_v termtime_n dies_fw-la juridicos_fw-la law-day_n the_o vacation_n die_v feriale_n day_n of_o leisure_n or_o intermission_n festival-day_n as_o be_v indeed_o sequester_v from_o troublesome_a affair_n of_o humane_a business_n and_o devote_v proper_o to_o the_o service_n of_o god_n and_o his_o church_n according_a to_o this_o our_o saxon_a and_o norman_a ancestor_n divide_v the_o year_n also_o between_o god_n and_o the_o king_n call_v those_o day_n and_o part_n that_o be_v assign_v to_o god_n dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la the_o residue_n allot_v to_o the_o king_n dies_z or_o tempus_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la divisum_fw-la imperium_fw-la cum_fw-la jove_n caesar_n habet_fw-la other_o name_n i_o find_v none_o ancient_o among_o we_o nor_o the_o word_n terminus_n to_o be_v frequent_a till_o the_o age_n of_o henry_n ii_o wherein_o gervasius_n tilburiensis_n and_o ranulphus_fw-la de_fw-la glanvilla_fw-la if_o those_o book_n be_v they_o do_v continual_o use_v it_o for_o dies_fw-la pacis_fw-la regis_fw-la the_o ancient_a roman_n in_o like_a manner_n divide_v their_o year_n between_o their_o god_n and_o their_o commonwealth_n name_v their_o law-day_n or_o termtime_n fastos_fw-la because_o their_o praetor_n or_o judge_n may_v then_o fari_fw-la that_o be_v speak_v free_o their_o vacation_n or_o day_n of_o intermission_n as_o appoint_v to_o the_o service_n of_o their_o god_n they_o call_v nefastos_fw-la for_o that_o the_o praetor_n may_v ne_o fari_fw-la not_o speak_v in_o they_o judicial_o ovid_n fastorum_fw-la lib._n 1._o thus_o express_v it_o ille_fw-la nefastus_n erat_fw-la per_fw-la quem_fw-la tria_fw-la verba_fw-la silentur_fw-la fastus_fw-la erat_fw-la per_fw-la
also_o more_o particular_a hora_n nona_fw-la be_v here_o as_o in_o all_o author_n of_o that_o time_n intend_v for_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n be_v the_o nine_o hour_n of_o the_o artificial_a day_n wherein_o the_o saxon_n as_o other_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o our_o ancestor_n of_o much_o late_a time_n follow_v the_o judaical_a computation_n perhaps_o till_o the_o invention_n and_o use_n of_o clock_n give_v a_o just_a occasion_n to_o alter_v it_o for_o that_o they_o can_v not_o daily_o vary_v for_o the_o unequal_a hour_n chap._n x._o the_o constitution_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n this_o constitution_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v among_o his_o other_o law_n confirm_v by_o william_n the_o coquerour_n as_o not_o only_a 600._o hoveden_n and_o those_o ancient_a author_n testify_v but_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o conqueror_n himself_o in_o these_o word_n ms._n hoc_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecipio_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la habeant_fw-la &_o teneant_fw-la leges_fw-la edwardi_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la rebus_fw-la adauctis_fw-la his_fw-la quae_fw-la constituimus_fw-la ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la anglorum_fw-la and_o in_o those_o auction_n nothing_o be_v add_v alter_v or_o speak_v concern_v any_o part_n of_o that_o constitution_n neither_o be_v it_o like_v that_o the_o conqueror_n do_v much_o innovate_v the_o course_n of_o our_o term_n or_o law-day_n see_v he_o hold_v they_o in_o his_o own_o duchy_n of_o normandy_n not_o far_o differ_v from_o the_o same_o manner_n have_v receive_v the_o custom_n of_o that_o his_o country_n from_o this_o of_o we_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n as_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o old_a norman_n custumary_n themselves_o do_v acknowledge_v the_o word_n touch_v their_o law-day_n or_o trial_n be_v these_o under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr temporibus_fw-la quibus_fw-la leges_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la fieri_fw-la 80._o notandum_fw-la autem_fw-la est_fw-la quod_fw-la quaedam_fw-la sunt_fw-la tempora_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la leges_fw-la non_fw-la debent_fw-la fieri_fw-la nec_fw-la simplices_fw-la nec_fw-la apertae_fw-la viz._n omne_fw-la tempora_fw-la in_o quibus_fw-la matrimonia_fw-la non_fw-la possunt_fw-la celebrari_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la autem_fw-la legibus_fw-la apparentibus_fw-la omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la festivos_fw-la prohibet_fw-la &_o defendit_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la hora_fw-la nona_fw-la die_v jovis_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la ortum_fw-la solis_fw-la die_fw-la lunae_fw-la sequenti_fw-la &_o omnes_fw-la dies_fw-la solennes_n novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la &_o solennium_fw-la jejuniorum_fw-la &_o dedicationis_fw-la ecclesiae_fw-la in_o qua_fw-la duellum_fw-la est_fw-la deducendum_fw-la this_o law_n do_v general_o inhibit_v all_o judicial_a proceed_n during_o the_o time_n wherein_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v and_o particular_o all_o trial_n by_o battle_n which_o the_o french_a and_o our_o 2._o glanvil_n call_v leges_fw-la apparentes_fw-la alias_o apparibiles_fw-la vulgar_o loix_fw-fr apparisans_n during_o the_o other_o time_n therein_o mention_v and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o second_o in_o his_o 31._o neapolitan_a constitution_n include_v the_o trial_n by_o ordeal_o under_o leges_fw-la paribiles_fw-la but_o touch_v the_o time_n wherein_o marriage_n be_v forbid_v it_o agree_v at_o that_o day_n with_o 9_o the_o vacation_n from_o lawbusiness_n prescribe_v by_o edward_n the_o confessor_n the_o church_n not_o think_v it_o reason_n that_o man_n abstain_v from_o litigation_n shall_v give_v themselves_o to_o lust_n quadrage_n and_o to_o feast_v and_o dance_v thing_n incident_a to_o marriage_n in_o which_o respect_n it_o also_o require_v that_o man_n and_o wife_n as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v shall_v at_o these_o time_n forbear_v the_o pleasure_n of_o their_o bed_n and_o give_v themselves_o to_o devotion_n and_o piety_n for_o though_o covetous_a person_n have_v since_o abuse_v that_o godly_a institution_n to_o their_o profit_n yet_o the_o father_n that_o be_v author_n of_o it_o in_o ilerdensi_fw-la concilio_n about_o 500_o year_n after_o christ_n aim_v at_o nothing_o but_o mere_o sanctity_n the_o time_n of_o marriage_n prohibit_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o church_n be_v these_o 65._o a_o prima_fw-la dominica_n adventus_n usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octavas_fw-la epiphaniae_fw-la exclusive_a &_o à _fw-fr dominica_n septuagesimae_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la primam_fw-la dominicam_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la inclusive_a &_o à _fw-la prima_fw-la die_fw-la rogationum_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la septimum_fw-la diem_fw-la festi_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la inclusive_a the_o law-vacation_n according_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n be_v ab_fw-la ascensione_n domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_fw-la pentecostes_fw-la but_o here_o the_o wedding-vacation_n be_v three_o day_n before_o it_o viz._n à _fw-la prima_fw-la die_fw-la rogationum_fw-la which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o constitution_n de_fw-fr feriis_fw-la ca._n capellanus_fw-la so_o that_o the_o term-time_n and_o vacation_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n be_v ancient_o all_o one_o and_o our_o ecclesiastical_a court_n hold_v it_o so_o to_o this_o day_n of_o the_o dies_fw-la novem_fw-la lectionum_fw-la before_o mention_v we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o chap._n xi_o what_o do_v by_o william_n rufus_n henry_n i._o king_n stephen_n and_o henry_n ii_o as_o for_o william_n rufus_n we_o read_v that_o he_o pull_v many_o land_n from_o the_o church_n but_o not_o that_o he_o abridge_v the_o vacation_n time_n assign_v to_o it_o henry_n i._o upon_o view_n of_o former_a constitution_n compose_v this_o law_n under_o the_o title_n de_fw-fr observatione_fw-la temporis_fw-la 62._o leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la &_o à _fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la 15._o dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascham_n &_o festis_fw-la diebus_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la temporum_fw-la &_o diebus_fw-la quadragesimalibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la legitimis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la in_fw-la diebus_fw-la veneris_fw-la &_o vigiliis_fw-la sanctorum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la tempus_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la idem_fw-la vel_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la nisi_fw-la primo_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la domini_fw-la vel_fw-la concordia_fw-la vel_fw-la bellum_fw-la vel_fw-la ferri_fw-la vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la vel_fw-la leges_fw-la exactionis_fw-la tractari_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la vera_fw-la pax_fw-la beata_fw-la charitas_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la omnipotentis_fw-la dei_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o copy_n of_o these_o law_n be_v much_o corrupt_v and_o it_o appear_v by_o florence_n wigorn'_v continuer_n that_o the_o londoner_n refuse_v they_o and_o put_v maud_n the_o empress_n to_o a_o ignominious_a 1142._o flight_n when_o she_o press_v the_o observation_n of_o they_o but_o in_o this_o particular_a branch_n there_o be_v nothing_o not_o agreeable_a to_o some_o former_a constitution_n the_o word_n bellum_n here_o signify_v combat_n which_o among_o our_o saxon_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o and_o by_o those_o of_o ferri_n vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la be_v mean_v ordeal_o king_n stephen_n by_o his_o charter_n recite_v at_o malmesbury_n confirm_v and_o establish_v by_o a_o generality_n 179._o bonas_n leges_fw-la &_o antiquas_fw-la &_o justas_fw-la consuetudines_fw-la henry_n the_o ii_o express_o ratify_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o william_n the_o conqueror_n as_o 600._o hoveden_n tell_v we_o say_v that_o he_o do_v it_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o ranulph_n glanvil_n then_o new_o make_v chief_a justice_n of_o england_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v true_a for_o that_o 11._o glanvil_n do_v according_o make_v some_o of_o his_o writ_n returnable_a in_o octabis_n or_o clauso_fw-la paschae_fw-la where_o the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n appoint_v the_o end_n of_o lent_n vacation_n and_o scacc._n gervasius_n tilburiensis_n also_o mention_v the_o same_o return_n yet_o the_o mss._n law_n of_o 62._o henry_n ii_o which_o remain_v in_o the_o red-book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n follow_v the_o synod_n of_o eanham_n extend_v lend_v vacation_n à _fw-la septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la 15._o dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la and_o lay_v out_o the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o year_n in_o this_o manner_n under_o the_o rubric_n de_fw-fr observatione_fw-la temporis_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la viz._n ab_fw-la adventu_fw-la domini_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la octabis_n epiphaniae_fw-la &_o a_o septuagesima_fw-la usque_fw-la ad_fw-la quindecim_fw-la dies_fw-la post_fw-la pascha_fw-la &_o festis_fw-la diebus_fw-la &_o quatuor_fw-la temporum_fw-la &_o diebus_fw-la quadragesimalibus_fw-la &_o aliis_fw-la legitimis_fw-la jejuniis_fw-la in_o diebus_fw-la veneris_fw-la &_o vigiliis_fw-la singulorum_fw-la apostolorum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la tempus_fw-la leges_fw-la faciendi_fw-la idem_fw-la vel_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la nisi_fw-la primo_fw-la fidelitate_fw-la domini_fw-la vel_fw-la concordia_fw-la vel_fw-la bellum_fw-la vel_fw-la ferri_fw-la vel_fw-la aquae_fw-la vel_fw-la legis_fw-la examinationis_fw-la tractari_fw-la sed_fw-la sit_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la vera_fw-la pax_fw-la &_o beata_fw-la charitas_fw-la ad_fw-la honorem_fw-la omnipotentis_fw-la cujus_fw-la sapientia_fw-la conditi_fw-la sumus_fw-la nativitate_fw-la provecti_fw-la morte_fw-la redempti_fw-la consolation_n securi_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la debtor_n est_fw-la persolvat_fw-la ante_fw-la vel_fw-la induciet_fw-la donec_fw-la dies_fw-la isti_fw-la transeant_fw-la gaudiis_fw-la &_o honestis_fw-la voluptatibus_fw-la instituti_fw-la et_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la maleficium_fw-la
&_o honorem_fw-la nostrum_fw-la ac_fw-la jurium_fw-la &_o dicti_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la commodum_fw-la diligitis_fw-la nullo_n modo_fw-la omittatis_fw-la testae_fw-la rege_fw-la apud_fw-la turrim_n london_n xii_o die_v junii_fw-la per_fw-la ipsum_fw-la regem_fw-la ¶_o vide_fw-la plus_fw-fr de_fw-fr returnis_n ll._n h._n ii_o cap._n 59_o chap._n viii_o why_o i_o have_v use_v so_o much_o canon_n and_o foreign_a law_n in_o this_o discourse_n with_o a_o excursion_n into_o the_o original_a of_o our_o law_n i_o have_v use_v much_o canon_n and_o some_o other_o foreign_a law_n in_o this_o discourse_n yet_o i_o take_v it_o not_o impertinent_o for_o as_o these_o western_a nation_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n deduce_v from_o the_o german_n so_o in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o affinity_n in_o their_o law_n fancy_n non_fw-la omnibus_fw-la una_fw-la nec_fw-la diversa_fw-la tamen_fw-la qualem_fw-la decet_fw-la esse_fw-la sororum_fw-la they_o that_o look_v into_o the_o law_n of_o our_o english_a saxon_n of_o the_o salique_n french_a almayn_v ripuarian_n bavarian_o longobard_n and_o other_o german_a nation_n about_o 800._o year_n since_o shall_v easy_o find_v it_o out_o of_o they_o and_o other_o manner_n rite_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o german_n be_v the_o first_o part_n and_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n common_o call_v the_o law_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n and_o common_a law_n two_o other_o principal_a part_n as_o from_o two_o pole-star_n take_v their_o direction_n from_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o law_n of_o our_o brethren_n the_o longobard_n descend_v of_o saxon_a lineage_n as_o well_o as_o we_o call_v otherwise_o the_o feodal-law_n receive_v general_o through_o all_o europe_n for_o in_o matter_n concern_v the_o church_n and_o churchman_n advousons_n patronage_n presentation_n legitimation_n matrimony_n will_n testament_n adultery_n defamation_n oath_n perjury_n day_n of_o law_n day_n of_o vacation_n wager_n of_o law_n and_o many_o other_o thing_n it_o proceed_v sometime_o whole_o sometime_o for_o the_o great_a part_n by_o the_o rule_n and_o precept_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o in_o matter_n touch_v inheritance_n fee_n tenor_n by_o knights-service_n rent_n service_n ward_n marriage_n of_o ward_n relief_n treason_n plea_n of_o the_o crown_n escheat_n dower_n of_o the_o three_o part_n aid_n fine_n felony_n forfeiture_n trial_n by_o battle_n essoine_n warranty_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o feodal_n law_n chief_o as_o those_o that_o read_v the_o book_n of_o those_o law_n collect_v by_o obertus_n and_o gerardus_n may_v see_v apparent_o though_o we_o and_o divers_a other_o nation_n according_a as_o befit_v every_o one_o in_o their_o particular_a respect_n do_v in_o many_o thing_n vary_v from_o they_o which_o obertus_n confess_v to_o be_v requisite_a and_o to_o happen_v often_o among_o the_o longobard_n themselves_o i_o do_v marvel_n many_o time_n that_o my_o lord_n cook_n adorn_v our_o law_n with_o so_o many_o flower_n of_o antiquity_n and_o foreign_a learning_n have_v not_o as_o i_o suppose_v turn_v aside_o into_o this_o field_n from_o whence_o so_o many_o root_n of_o our_o law_n have_v of_o old_a be_v take_v and_o transplant_v i_o wish_v some_o worthy_a lawyer_n will_v read_v they_o diligent_o and_o show_v the_o several_a head_n from_o whence_o these_o of_o we_o be_v take_v they_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o only_o diligent_a but_o very_o curious_a in_o this_o kind_n but_o we_o be_v all_o for_o profit_n and_o lucrando_fw-la pane_fw-la take_v what_o we_o find_v at_o market_n without_o inquire_v whence_o it_o come_v another_o great_a portion_n of_o our_o common_a law_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n unless_o we_o will_v say_v that_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v derive_v from_o we_o dr._n cowel_n who_o have_v learned_o travel_v in_o compare_v and_o parallel_v of_o they_o affirm_v that_o no_o law_n of_o any_o christian_a nation_n whatsoever_o approach_v near_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n than_o this_o of_o we_o his_o meaning_n be_v no_o municipal_a law_n yet_o he_o say_v that_o all_o of_o they_o generali_fw-la huius_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la aequitate_fw-la temperantur_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la condiuntur_fw-la have_v he_o not_o say_v it_o his_o book_n itself_o entitle_v institutiones_fw-la juris_fw-la anglicani_n ad_fw-la methodum_fw-la &_o seriem_fw-la institutionum_fw-la imperialium_fw-la compositae_fw-la &_o digestae_fw-la will_v demonstrate_v it_o which_o bracton_n also_o above_o 300._o year_n before_o right_a well_o understanding_n not_o only_o cit_v the_o digest_v and_o book_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o many_o place_n for_o warrant_n of_o our_o common_a law_n but_o in_o handle_v our_o law_n pursue_v the_o method_n phrase_n and_o matter_n of_o justinian_n institutes_n of_o civil_a law_n when_o and_o how_o these_o several_a part_n be_v bring_v into_o our_o common_a law_n be_v neither_o easy_o nor_o definitive_o to_o be_v express_v those_o no_o doubt_n of_o canon_n law_n by_o the_o prevalency_n of_o the_o clergy_n in_o their_o several_a age_n those_o of_o the_o feodal_n by_o military_a prince_n at_o and_o short_o after_o the_o conquest_n and_o those_o of_o civil_a law_n by_o such_o of_o our_o reverend_a judge_n and_o sage_n of_o ancient_a time_n as_o for_o justice_n and_o knowledge_n sake_n seek_v instruction_n thence_o when_o they_o find_v no_o rule_n at_o home_n to_o guide_v their_o judgement_n by_o for_o i_o suppose_v they_o in_o those_o day_n judge_v many_o thing_n ex_fw-la aequo_fw-la &_o bono_fw-mi and_o that_o their_o judgement_n after_o as_o responsa_fw-la prudentium_fw-la among_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o codex_fw-la theodosianus_n become_v precedent_n of_o law_n unto_o posterity_n as_o for_o the_o part_n give_v unto_o common_a law_n out_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o our_o king_n since_o the_o conquest_n and_o before_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la i_o refer_v they_o as_o they_o proper_o belong_v to_o our_o statute_n law_n though_o our_o lawyer_n do_v reckon_v they_o ordinary_o for_o common_a law_n among_o these_o various_a head_n of_o our_o law_n i_o deduce_v none_o from_o the_o scot_n yet_o must_v i_o confess_v that_o if_o those_o law_n of_o they_o which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o malcolm_n the_o second_o who_o live_v about_o sixty_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n be_v of_o that_o antiquity_n which_o i_o can_v but_o question_n and_o that_o our_o book_n call_v glanvil_n be_v whole_o in_o effect_n and_o verbatim_o for_o the_o great_a part_n take_v out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o their_o law_n call_v regiam_fw-la majestatem_fw-la for_o they_o pretend_v that_o to_o be_v elder_a than_o our_o glanvil_n i_o must_v i_o say_v ingenuous_o confess_v that_o the_o great_a part_n or_o portion_n of_o our_o law_n be_v come_v from_o scotland_n which_o none_o i_o think_v verse_v either_o in_o story_n or_o antiquity_n will_v or_o can_v admit_v to_o come_v therefore_o to_o the_o point_n if_o my_o opinion_n be_v any_o thing_n i_o think_v the_o foundation_n of_o our_o law_n to_o be_v lay_v by_o our_o german_a ancestor_n but_o build_v upon_o and_o polish_v by_o material_n take_v from_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o civil_a law_n and_o under_o the_o capacious_a name_n of_o german_n i_o not_o only_o intend_v our_o saxon_n but_o the_o ancient_a french_a and_o salique_n not_o exclude_v from_o that_o fraternity_n the_o cimbrian_a nation_n i._n e._n the_o norwegian_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o let_v it_o not_o more_o mislike_v we_o to_o take_v our_o law_n from_o the_o noble_a german_n a_o prime_a and_o most_o potent_a people_n than_o it_o do_v the_o conquer_a roman_n they_o from_o greece_n or_o the_o learned_a grecian_n they_o from_o the_o hebrew_n good_a it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o the_o britain_n shall_v be_v the_o author_n of_o they_o or_o that_o their_o law_n after_o so_o many_o transmutation_n of_o people_n and_o government_n but_o especial_o after_o the_o expulsion_n in_o a_o manner_n of_o their_o nation_n or_o at_o least_o of_o their_o nobility_n gentry_n and_o freeman_n the_o abolish_n of_o their_o language_n and_o the_o cessation_n of_o all_o commerce_n with_o they_o and_o a_o hereditary_a hostility_n settle_v between_o these_o nation_n that_o after_o all_o this_o i_o say_v they_o shall_v remain_v or_o be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o conquer_a enemy_n who_o scarce_o suffer_v one_o town_n in_o a_o county_n to_o be_v call_v as_o they_o name_v it_o or_o one_o british_a word_n almost_o that_o i_o yet_o have_v learned_a to_o creep_v into_o their_o language_n admit_v that_o much_o of_o their_o servile_a and_o base_a people_n remain_v behind_o they_o please_v perhaps_o as_o well_o with_o their_o new_a lord_n as_o with_o their_o old_a can_v we_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n shall_v take_v either_o law_n or_o manner_n or_o form_n of_o government_n from_o these_o base_a and_o servile_a people_n i_o will_v not_o blemish_v the_o least_o feather_n of_o the_o british_a honour_n but_o i_o must_v follow_v the_o truth_n
have_v their_o original_n from_o prince_n of_o norman_a lineage_n etc._n do_v ....._o the_o conquest_n here_o in_o england_n etc._n make_v mention_n of_o tenens_fw-la tenere_fw-la tenementum_fw-la and_o tenere_fw-la de_fw-la rege_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la but_o whether_o the_o norman_n carry_v these_o term_n into_o italy_n when_o they_o conquer_a naples_n about_o the_o year_n 1031._o 4._o or_o bring_v they_o from_o thence_o into_o normandy_n i_o can_v determine_v certain_a it_o be_v that_o from_o the_o norman_n they_o come_v to_o we_o in_o england_n for_o be_v not_o meet_v with_o before_o in_o any_o authentic_a author_n we_o present_o after_o the_o conquest_n begin_v to_o hear_v of_o they_o even_o about_o the_o three_o or_o four_o year_n of_o the_o conqueror_n reign_n as_o appear_v rege_fw-la by_o his_o charter_n of_o emendationes_fw-la legum_n in_o the_o red_a book_n of_o the_o exchequer_n f._n 162._o b._n and_o in_o lambard_n archaionomia_n chap._n iu._n of_o tenor_n in_o capite_fw-la more_o particular_o saxon_n touch_v tenor_n therefore_o in_o capite_fw-la i_o think_v i_o may_v bold_o say_v that_o here_o be_v none_o in_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_n time_n after_o the_o manner_n now_o in_o use_n among_o we_o first_o for_o that_o their_o feodal_n land_n as_o we_o have_v show_v be_v not_o descendible_a before_o the_o conquest_n for_o though_o there_o be_v hlaâ—ord_n and_o ðane_a among_o the_o saxon_n that_o be_v lord_n and_o thane_n or_o servitor_n who_o beyond_o the_o sea_n they_o call_v seigneur_n &_o vassal_n alius_fw-la vassallum_fw-la dominum_fw-la &_o clientem_fw-la while_o their_o feud_n be_v arbitrable_a or_o but_o for_o year_n or_o life_n yet_o grow_v not_o the_o word_n of_o tenure_n into_o use_n till_o that_o feud_n become_v descendable_a to_o posterity_n and_o thereby_o oblige_v the_o whole_a succession_n of_o heir_n to_o depend_v and_o hold_v upon_o their_o capital_a lord_n by_o the_o service_n impose_v at_o the_o creation_n of_o that_o feud_n second_o the_o word_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v like_o a_o relative_n in_o logic_n which_o be_v a_o supreme_a degree_n of_o itself_o imply_v some_o other_o degree_n to_o be_v under_o it_o as_o tenant_n in_o medio_fw-la or_o tenant_n in_o imo_fw-la or_o both_o viz._n tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la tenant_n in_o menalty_n and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi or_o at_o least_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o tenant_n paravale_fw-mi which_o inferior_a tenant_n can_v not_o be_v in_o the_o saxon_n time_n for_o that_o the_o grant_n of_o feud_n in_o perpetuity_n out_o of_o which_o the_o under-tenancies_a must_v be_v deduce_v be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v not_o yet_o in_o use_n sort_n three_o to_o hold_v in_o capite_fw-la be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o general_n which_o be_v of_o the_o king_n as_o caput_fw-la regni_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la generalissimum_fw-la omnium_fw-la feodorum_fw-la the_o fountain_n whence_o all_o feud_n and_o tenor_n have_v their_o main_a original_n the_o other_o special_a or_o subaltern_a which_o be_v of_o a_o particular_a subject_n as_o caput_fw-la feudi_fw-la or_o terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la so_o call_v because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n of_o tenure_n wherein_o it_o stand_v and_o be_v therefore_o at_o this_o day_n so_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o the_o ordinary_a word_n in_o our_o deed_n of_o tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la capitalibus_fw-la dominis_n feodi_fw-la illius_fw-la etc._n etc._n signify_v that_o the_o land_n so_o grant_v since_o the_o statute_n of_o quia_fw-la emptores_fw-la terrarum_fw-la must_v now_o be_v hold_v mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o he_o or_o his_o heir_n or_o assign_v that_o be_v caput_fw-la feodi_fw-la the_o first_o that_o create_v or_o grant_v that_o feud_n in_o that_o tenure_n who_o thereupon_o be_v call_v capitalis_fw-la dominus_fw-la &_o caput_fw-la terrae_fw-la illius_fw-la among_o the_o feudist_n capitanus_n feudi_fw-la illius_fw-la and_o the_o grantee_n and_o his_o heir_n be_v say_v to_o be_v tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la because_o they_o hold_v immediate_o of_o he_o that_o first_o grant_v that_o feud_n or_o land_n in_o that_o manner_n hereupon_o david_n i._o king_n of_o scot_n and_o earl_n of_o huntingdon_n here_o in_o england_n be_v in_o right_a of_o his_o earldom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n i._o say_v to_o be_v capud_fw-la terrae_fw-la de_fw-la crancfeld_n &_o crawl_v post_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la 279._o and_o roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n about_o the_o same_o time_n or_o short_o after_o make_v a_o grant_n in_o these_o word_n roger_n de_fw-fr molbray_n omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la salutem_fw-la sciatis_fw-la quod_fw-la ego_fw-la concessi_fw-la roberto_n de_fw-fr ardenna_n clerico_n amico_fw-la meo_fw-la totum_fw-la nemus_fw-la de_fw-la bedericheslea_n cum_fw-la omnibus_fw-la antiquis_fw-la libertatibus_fw-la &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nemoris_fw-la ad_fw-la tenendum_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la meis_fw-la ita_fw-la libere_fw-la &_o quiet_a etc._n etc._n sicut_fw-la ego_fw-la unquam_fw-la etc._n etc._n the_o deed_n be_v without_o date_n but_o note_v that_o the_o direction_n of_o it_o be_v omnibus_fw-la hominibus_fw-la fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la normannis_fw-la &_o anglis_fw-la which_o imply_v that_o it_o be_v make_v before_o henry_n ii_n time_n for_o he_o be_v of_o anjou_n in_o france_n and_o bring_v in_o frenchman_n with_o he_o alter_v then_o very_o proper_o the_o direction_n of_o charter_n into_o hominibus_fw-la &_o fidelibus_fw-la suis_fw-la francis_n &_o anglis_fw-la yet_o i_o find_v the_o same_o direction_n though_o more_o improper_o to_o be_v some_o time_n use_v under_o the_o norman_a king_n qu._n so_o likewise_o as_o before_o w._n marshal_v the_o great_a earl_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o charter_n of_o he_o use_v these_o word_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o henry_n iii_n time_n as_o i_o take_v it_o nisi_fw-la fortè_fw-la forinseca_v tenementa_fw-la tenueris_fw-la de_fw-la i_o in_o capite_fw-la and_o 157._o mat._n paris_n in_o an._n 1250._o make_v mention_n of_o one_o g._n a_o knight_n sai_z that_o rex_fw-la memoratus_fw-la hen._n iii_o cuidam_fw-la militi_fw-la tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la etc._n etc._n warennam_fw-la concessit_fw-la where_o the_o word_n tenenti_fw-la de_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la s._n albani_n in_o capite_fw-la do_v signify_v that_o some_o abbot_n of_o the_o church_n of_o st._n alban_n first_o create_v and_o grant_v that_o feud_n have_v thus_o in_o general_a manner_n prepare_v my_o way_n to_o the_o ensue_a discourse_n i_o shall_v now_o god_n will_v by_o the_o patience_n of_o they_o who_o it_o most_o concern_v examine_v such_o particular_a assertion_n as_o be_v produce_v in_o the_o report_n either_o to_o prove_v our_o tenor_n and_o feud_n with_o their_o dependency_n to_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o saxon_n or_o to_o disprove_v what_o i_o have_v affirm_v in_o my_o glossary_n or_o in_o the_o chapter_n here_o precedent_a and_o will_v first_o show_v therein_o as_o follow_v chap._n v._n what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v saxon_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o our_o discourse_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o degree_n and_o distinction_n of_o person_n be_v among_o the_o saxon_n and_o of_o what_o condition_n their_o land_n be_v touch_v their_o person_n they_o be_v by_o themselves_o divide_v in_o this_o manner_n eorle_n and_o ceorl_n and_o ðegn_n and_o ðeoden_n in_o latin_a come_v and_o villanus_fw-la tainus_n unus_fw-la &_o alius_fw-la singuli_fw-la pro_fw-la modo_fw-la svo_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o earl_n and_o the_o husbandman_n the_o thane_n of_o the_o great_a sort_n call_v the_o king_n thane_n and_o the_o thane_n of_o the_o lesser_a sort_n call_v the_o theoden_a or_o vnderthane_n more_o degree_n the_o saxon_n have_v not_o in_o their_o laity_n and_o among_o these_o must_v all_o the_o tenor_n lie_v that_o be_v in_o use_n with_o they_o as_o for_o their_o bondman_n who_o they_o call_v theowe_n and_o esne_n they_o be_v not_o count_v member_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n but_o parcel_n of_o their_o master_n good_n and_o substance_n bocland_n touch_v land_n among_o the_o saxon_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n bocland_n and_o folcland_n bocland_n signify_v terram_fw-la codicillarem_fw-la or_o librariam_fw-la charter-land_n for_o the_o saxon_n call_v a_o deed_n or_o charter_n a_o bec_fw-la i._n e._n librum_fw-la a_o book_n and_o this_o proper_o be_v their_o terra_fw-la haereditaria_fw-la for_o it_o common_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o absolute_a inheritance_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o land_n and_o be_v therefore_o preserve_v in_o writing_n and_o possess_v by_o the_o thanes_z and_o noble_a sort_n as_o proedium_fw-la nobile_fw-la liberum_fw-la &_o immune_fw-la a_o servitiis_fw-la vulgaribus_fw-la &_o servilibus_fw-la in_o which_o respect_n the_o thanes_z themselves_z be_v also_o call_v liberales_fw-la as_o appear_v foresta_n by_o canute_n forest-law_n art_n 1._o 3_o
&_o seqq_n a_o name_n not_o well_o agree_v with_o feodal_n servitude_n but_o it_o seem_v by_o divers_a abby-book_n that_o some_o estate_n for_o life_n which_o we_o call_v frank_n tenement_n be_v also_o put_v in_o writing_n especial_o among_o the_o latter_a saxon_n yet_o be_v not_o these_o account_v bocland_n for_o they_o be_v lade_v common_o with_o many_o feodal_n and_o ministerial_a service_n whereas_o bocland_n as_o i_o say_v be_v free_a from_o all_o service_n not_o hold_v of_o any_o lord_n the_o very_a same_o that_o allodium_fw-la descendable_a according_a to_o the_o common_a course_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o nature_n unto_o all_o the_o son_n and_o therefore_o call_v gavelkind_a not_o restrain_v to_o the_o elder_a son_n as_o feodal_a land_n be_v not_o at_o first_o but_o devisable_v also_o by_o will_n and_o thereupon_o call_v terrae_fw-la testamentales_fw-la as_o the_o thane_n that_o possess_v they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v testamento_fw-la dignus_fw-la folcland_n folcland_n be_v terra_fw-la vulgi_fw-la the_o land_n of_o the_o vulgar_a people_n who_o have_v no_o estate_n therein_o but_o hold_v the_o same_o under_o such_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o be_v accustom_v or_o agree_v of_o at_o the_o will_v only_o of_o their_o lord_n the_o thane_n and_o it_o be_v therefore_o not_o put_v in_o writing_n but_o account_v proedium_fw-la rusticum_fw-la &_o ignobile_fw-la but_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a thanes_z which_o possess_v bocland_n or_o hereditary_a land_n divide_v they_o according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o estate_n inland_a into_o two_o sort_n i_o e._n into_o inland_n and_o outland_n 864._o the_o inland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v next_o or_o most_o convenient_a for_o the_o lord_n mansion-house_n as_o within_o the_o view_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o they_o keep_v that_o part_n in_o their_o own_o hand_n for_o supportation_n of_o their_o family_n and_o hospitality_n the_o norman_n afterward_o call_v these_o land_n terras_fw-la dominicales_fw-la the_o demain_v or_o lord_n land_n the_o german_n terras_fw-la indominicatas_fw-la land_n in_o the_o lord_n be_v own_o use_n the_o feudist_n terras_fw-la curtiles_n or_o intra_fw-la curtem_fw-la land_n appropriate_a to_o the_o court_n or_o house_n of_o the_o lord_n outland_n outland_n be_v that_o which_o lie_v beyond_o or_o out_o from_o among_o the_o inland_n or_o demean_n and_o be_v not_o grant_v out_o to_o any_o tenant_n hereditary_o but_o like_o our_o copy-holds_a of_o ancient_a time_n have_v their_o original_n from_o thence_o mere_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o lord_n cujacius_n 12._o speak_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o land_n call_v it_o proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v such_o land_n as_o be_v proper_o assign_v for_o feodal_n land_n proprium_fw-la feudum_fw-la est_fw-la say_v he_o extra_fw-la curtem_fw-la &_o consistit_fw-la in_o praediis_fw-la as_o if_o he_o shall_v say_v that_o land_n proper_o be_v a_o feud_n or_o feudal_n land_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o demain_v of_o the_o manor_n and_o consist_v in_o land_n not_o in_o house_n we_o now_o call_v this_o outland_n the_o tenant_n land_n or_o the_o tenancy_n and_o so_o it_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o biritrick_n will_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n 495._o this_o outland_n they_o subdivide_v into_o two_o part_n whereof_o one_o part_n they_o dispose_v among_o such_o as_o attend_v on_o their_o person_n either_o in_o war_n or_o peace_n call_v theoden_n or_o lesser_a thanes_z after_o the_o manner_n of_o knight_n fee_n but_o much_o differ_v from_o they_o of_o our_o time_n as_o by_o that_o which_o follow_v shall_v appear_v the_o other_o part_n they_o allot_v to_o their_o husbandman_n who_o they_o term_v ceorl_n that_o be_v carl_n or_o churl_n and_o of_o they_o we_o shall_v speak_v far_o by_o and_o by_o when_o we_o consider_v all_o the_o degree_n aforesaid_a beginning_n with_o the_o earl_n chap._n vi_o of_o earl_n among_o our_o saxon_n ancient_o a_o earl_n in_o the_o signification_n of_o comes_n be_v not_o original_o a_o degree_n of_o dignity_n as_o it_o be_v with_o we_o at_o this_o day_n but_o of_o office_n and_o judicature_n in_o some_o city_n or_o portion_n of_o the_o country_n circumscribe_v ancient_o with_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o that_o diocese_n for_o that_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o earl_n then_o sit_v together_o in_o one_o court_n and_o hear_v joint_o the_o cause_n of_o church_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o yet_o do_v in_o parliament_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n the_o earl_n grow_v to_o have_v the_o government_n common_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n and_o castle_n of_o his_o territory_n and_o withal_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o king_n profit_n arise_v by_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n fines_n forfeiture_n escheat_n etc._n etc._n annex_v to_o the_o office_n of_o his_o earldom_n yet_o all_o this_o not_o otherwise_o than_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o king_n which_o common_o be_v upon_o good_a behaviour_n and_o but_o during_o life_n at_o most_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o the_o severe_a injunction_n of_o king_n alfred_n the_o great_a labour_v 21._o to_o plant_v literature_n and_o knowledge_n among_o the_o ignorant_a earl_n and_o sheriff_n of_o his_o kingdom_n impose_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v forthwith_o in_o all_o diligence_n apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o study_n of_o wisdom_n and_o knowledge_n or_o else_o forgo_v their_o office_n herewith_o say_v asser_n menevensis_n who_o live_v at_o that_o time_n and_o be_v great_a with_o the_o king_n the_o earl_n and_o sheriff_n be_v so_o affright_v that_o they_o rather_o choose_v insuetam_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la quam_fw-la laboriose_fw-la discere_fw-la quam_fw-la potestatum_fw-la ministeria_fw-la dimittere_fw-la that_o be_v to_o go_v at_o last_o to_o the_o school_n of_o knowledge_n how_o painful_a soever_o rather_o than_o to_o lose_v their_o office_n of_o authority_n and_o degree_n of_o honour_n which_o alfred_n there_o also_o declare_v that_o they_o have_v not_o by_o inheritance_n but_o by_o god_n gift_n and_o he_o dei_fw-la say_v he_o ibid._n dono_fw-la &_o meo_fw-la sapientium_fw-la ministeria_fw-la &_o gradus_fw-la usurpatis_fw-la this_o be_v manifest_a by_o divers_a other_o authority_n and_o example_n in_o my_o glossary_n in_o verbo_fw-la comes_fw-la as_o the_o reader_n if_o he_o please_v may_v there_o see_v hereditary_a some_o conjecture_n that_o deira_n and_o bernicia_n in_o northumberland_n and_o mercia_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o england_n be_v feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n those_o of_o northumberland_n present_o after_o their_o first_o arrival_n under_o hengistus_n about_o the_o year_n 447._o that_o of_o mercia_n by_o the_o gift_n of_o alfred_n the_o great_a about_o the_o year_n 900._o to_o ethelredus_fw-la a_o man_n of_o power_n in_o way_n of_o marriage_n with_o his_o daughter_n ethelfleda_n but_o for_o aught_o i_o see_v it_o be_v neither_o prove_v by_o the_o succession_n of_o those_o earldom_n nor_o our_o author_n of_o antiquity_n for_o my_o own_o part_n i_o think_v it_o not_o strange_a that_o there_o be_v not_o at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o saxon_n a_o feudal_n and_o hereditary_a earldom_n in_o all_o christendom_n as_o for_o this_o our_o britain_n the_o misery_n of_o it_o than_o be_v such_o as_o it_o rather_o seem_v a_o anarchy_n and_o chaos_n than_o in_o any_o form_n of_o government_n little_o better_a even_o in_o alfred_n day_n through_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o dane_n though_o he_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o for_o his_o time_n how_o soever_o three_o or_o four_o example_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n before_o the_o conquest_n differ_v from_o the_o common_a use_n be_v no_o inference_n to_o overthrow_v it_o especial_o in_o time_n unsettled_a and_o tumultuous_a the_o noble_a earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o our_o day_n of_o peace_n differ_v in_o constitution_n from_o all_o the_o other_o earldom_n of_o england_n yet_o that_o impeach_v not_o their_o common_a manner_n of_o succession_n france_n loyseau_n â—lt_n and_o pasquier_n learned_a frenchmen_n speak_v of_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n which_o england_n ordinary_o follow_v and_o sometime_o too_o near_o the_o heel_n justify_v at_o large_a what_o i_o have_v say_v show_v the_o duke_n and_o earl_n in_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o who_o example_n other_o every_o where_o be_v derive_v be_v like_o the_o proconsul_n and_o precedent_n of_o province_n simple_a officer_n who_o for_o their_o entertainment_n have_v nothing_o else_o but_o certain_a right_n and_o custom_n raise_v from_o the_o people_n which_o we_o in_o england_n call_v tertium_fw-la denarium_fw-la and_o that_o the_o duke_n and_o earl_n of_o france_n be_v officer_n in_o like_a manner_n but_o have_v the_o seigneurie_n of_o their_o territory_n annex_v to_o their_o office_n so_o that_o they_o be_v officer_n and_o vassal_n both_o at_o once_o that_o be_v to_o say_v officer_n by_o way_n of_o judicature_n and_o vassal_n who_o we_o call_v feodal_n tenant_n for_o their_o seignory_n of_o dukedom_n and_o