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write_v that_o petition_n and_o the_o answer_n appear_v in_o libris_fw-la publicorum_fw-la ex_fw-la lege_fw-la rhodiâ_fw-la that_o be_v in_o his_o summarie_n of_o those_o law_n which_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o the_o customer_n wherein_o also_o be_v contain_v either_o the_o law_n or_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n it_o suit_n be_v very_a well_o with_o these_o particular_n that_o in_o that_o answer_n of_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n those_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d shall_v be_v render_v but_o that_o law_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o he_o mean_v shall_v be_v so_o examine_v and_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o rhodian_a law_n that_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n those_o rhodian_a law_n shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n if_o any_o rescript_n or_o any_o roman_a law_n be_v against_o it_o and_o of_o what_o authority_n adrian_n decree_n be_v at_o that_o time_n whereof_o ulpian_n speak_v in_o the_o place_n before_o 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lawyer_n which_o be_v usual_o allege_v for_o the_o maintain_n of_o a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o wave_v the_o authority_n of_o those_o of_o late_a time_n that_o oppose_v a_o dominion_n for_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o great_a number_n of_o those_o who_o whether_o they_o comment_v upon_o the_o body_n of_o justinian_n or_o treat_v apart_o of_o this_o particular_a will_v not_o have_v we_o to_o recede_v from_o that_o natural_a community_n we_o shall_v find_v plain_o that_o they_o deal_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o that_o have_v pin_v their_o faith_n more_o than_o be_v meet_v upon_o the_o sleev_v of_o ulpian_n or_o some_o other_o such_o ancient_a author_n unless_o we_o conceiv_v that_o some_o of_o they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o explain_v the_o law_n in_o this_o point_n as_o recite_v the_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n so_o far_o as_o they_o have_v
defence_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o foreiner_n and_o the_o train_n up_o of_o himself_o and_o his_o people_n for_o warlike_a employment_n thus_o the_o guardianship_n or_o maintenance_n of_o the_o dominion_n by_o sea_n be_v evident_a but_o as_o concern_v the_o fleet_n aforemention_v they_o each_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o mcc_n ship_n and_o these_o as_o writer_n say_v express_o very_o stout_a one_o so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o british_a navy_n consist_v of_o such_o ship_n to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sail_n as_o 975._o florentius_n and_o hoveden_n speak_v express_o but_o other_o write_v that_o these_o fleet_n amount_v to_o four_o thousand_o ship_n as_o coltoniana_n john_n bramton_n abbot_n of_o jorvaux_n other_o add_v to_o these_o three_o a_o four_o fleet_n whereby_o the_o number_n be_v increase_v to_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o sail_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o florilegus_n so_o as_o florentius_n also_o say_v he_o 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in_o land_n for_o the_o set_n forth_o of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n ethelred_n for_o at_o that_o time_n whosoever_o possess_v cccx_o cassatos_n or_o hide_v of_o land_n be_v charge_v with_o the_o build_n of_o one_o ship_n and_o they_o be_v all_o rate_v proportionable_o after_o this_o manner_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o more_o or_o less_o hide_n or_o of_o part_n of_o a_o hide_n as_o cottoniana_n marianus_n scotus_n hoveden_n and_o florentius_n do_v all_o tell_v we_o in_o the_o very_a same_o word_n ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n say_v they_o give_v strict_a command_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o cassati_fw-la but_o a_o coat_n of_o armour_n and_o a_o helmet_n upon_o nine_o and_o that_o ship_n shall_v be_v build_v throughout_o all_o england_n which_o be_v make_v ready_a he_o victual_v and_o man_v they_o with_o choice_a soldier_n and_o appoint_v their_o rendezvous_n at_o the_o port_n of_o sandwich_n to_o secure_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o kingdom_n from_o the_o eruption_n of_o foreiner_n but_o cottoniana_n henry_n of_o huntingdon_n as_o also_o matthew_n paris_n and_o florilegus_n speak_v of_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v the_o king_n charge_v one_o ship_n upon_o three_o hundred_o and_o ten_o hide_n of_o land_n through_o all_o england_n also_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n then_o huntingdon_n tell_v we_o what_o a_o hide_n do_v signify_v but_o a_o hide_n in_o english_a say_v he_o be_v so_o much_o land_n as_o a_o man_n can_v till_o with_o one_o blow_n for_o a_o year_n other_o there_o be_v that_o determine_v otherwise_o touch_v the_o quantity_n of_o a_o hide_n and_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o it_o be_v very_o various_a according_a to_o the_o different_a custom_n of_o country_n but_o the_o same_o with_o cassata_n and_o year_n carucata_n indeed_o the_o english-saxon_a chronicle_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o cottoniana_n abingdon_n do_v likewise_o mention_n hide_v here_o express_o in_o the_o year_n mviii_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v they_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d man_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hund_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tynumaenne_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d helm_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o king_n give_v command_v for_o the_o build_n of_o ship_n careful_o throughout_o all_o england_n to_o wit_n that_o one_o galley_n shall_v be_v charge_v upon_o cccx_o hide_n of_o land_n but_o a_o coat-armor_n and_o helmet_n upon_o eight_o hide_n and_o it_o be_v usual_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o that_o age_n that_o the_o rich_a sort_n shall_v be_v tax_v by_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n as_o we_o see_v also_o throughout_o that_o breviarie_n of_o england_n or_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n call_v scaccarii_fw-la domesday_n which_o be_v first_o write_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n william_n huntingdon_n add'_v also_o that_o there_o never_o have_v be_v so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o ship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o any_o one_o in_o britain_n which_o be_v testify_v in_o like_a manner_n by_o the_o saxon_a chronicle_n before_o cite_v so_o that_o that_o most_o numerous_a navy_n of_o king_n edgar_n mention_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o but_o yet_o that_o most_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a light_n of_o our_o island_n m_o r_o 114._o camden_n have_v so_o cast_v up_o the_o number_n of_o hide_n throughout_o england_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o age_n that_o they_o do_v not_o exceed_v 243600._o if_o this_o have_v be_v so_o than_o they_o can_v have_v set_v forth_o no_o more_o than_o 785_o ship_n by_o this_o tribute_n which_o be_v a_o lesser_a number_n than_o that_o of_o king_n edgar_n by_o some_o thousand_o so_o that_o some_o other_o account_n be_v to_o be_v make_v concern_v hide_n which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o place_n hereunto_o belong_v that_o of_o huntingdon_n touch_v king_n canutus_n and_o his_o son_n harald_n in_o the_o day_n of_o harald_n say_v he_o as_o also_o in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n eight_o mark_n be_v pay_v by_o every_o port_n for_o xvi_o ship_n in_o the_o like_a manner_n hoveden_n say_v there_o be_v a_o tax_n impose_v which_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n when_o king_n canutus_n and_o king_n edmond_n make_v a_o agreement_n in_o a_o isle_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o severn_n call_v oleney_n moreover_o huntingdon_n write_v that_o 11048_o pound_n be_v raise_v by_o hardecanute_n king_n of_o england_n before_o he_o have_v reign_v two_o year_n for_o thirty_o two_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o and_o thirty_o ship_n he_o give_v command_v also_o as_o 1040._o matthew_n westminster_n say_v that_o eight_o mark_n shall_v be_v pay_v to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o ten_o mark_n to_o each_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n he_o say_v again_o also_o of_o the_o same_o king_n that_o he_o appoint_v officer_n through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o collect_v the_o tax_n impose_v without_o favour_v any_o and_o therewith_o to_o provide_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o force_n at_o sea_n and_o florentius_n say_v eodem_fw-la he_o give_v command_v for_o the_o pay_v of_o eight_o mark_n to_o every_o rower_n of_o his_o navy_n and_o twelve_o so_o we_o read_v it_o in_o that_o author_n to_o every_o commander_n out_o of_o all_o england_n a_o tax_n indeed_o so_o grievous_a that_o scarce_o any_o man_n be_v able_a to_o pay_v it_o but_o these_o thing_n speak_v of_o canutus_n his_o son_n harald_n and_o hardecanute_n relate_v perhaps_o unto_o that_o tribute_n or_o tax_n call_v danegeld_v which_o be_v pay_v yearly_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o navy_n and_o guard_v the_o territory_n or_o dominion_n by_o
write_v that_o leo_n make_v a_o change_n against_o reason_n of_o law_n and_o here_o especial_a care_n must_v be_v take_v to_o avoid_v that_o which_o some_o have_v presume_v to_o affirm_v touch_v those_o most_o excellent_a book_n of_o justinian_n which_o make_v up_o a_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o ancient_a law_n 3._o that_o the_o law_n prescribe_v in_o those_o book_n be_v not_o the_o law_n only_o of_o a_o city_n but_o even_o of_o nation_n and_o nature_n and_o that_o the_o whole_a be_v so_o fit_v unto_o nature_n that_o after_o the_o empire_n be_v extinct_a though_o the_o law_n be_v a_o long_a time_n bury_v yet_o it_o rise_v again_o and_o spread_v itself_o through_o all_o the_o world_n and_o therefore_o that_o it_o concern_v even_o prince_n although_o it_o be_v frame_v by_o justinian_n for_o private_a person_n as_o if_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v only_o out_o of_o those_o book_n for_o not_o to_o mention_v how_o that_o not_o only_o very_o many_o decree_n and_o custome_n introduce_v in_o the_o romane-germane_n empire_n itself_o and_o other_o place_n abroad_o have_v extreme_o alter_v many_o thing_n contain_v in_o those_o book_n but_o also_o that_o we_o find_v divers_a king_n both_o of_o ley_n spain_n and_o physica_n france_n have_v sometime_o heretofore_o prohibit_v the_o use_n of_o they_o in_o any_o kind_n within_o their_o court_n of_o justice_n there_o be_v true_o some_o thing_n in_o the_o very_a law_n of_o the_o nation_n of_o europe_n who_o receiv_v those_o book_n and_o that_o upon_o very_o good_a ground_n both_o into_o their_o school_n and_o court_n so_o far_o as_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o their_o kingdom_n will_v permit_v i_o mean_v in_o their_o law_n common_a or_o intervenient_a which_o be_v not_o ground_v at_o all_o upon_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o have_v have_v their_o original_n from_o custom_n quite_o contrary_a thereto_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n nor_o be_v the_o law_n concern_v captivity_n or_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n touch_v the_o 20._o person_n of_o man_n in_o any_o use_n at_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o take_v up_o a_o title_n in_o the_o digest_v ship_n drive_v by_o wrack_n upon_o a_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o possessione_n law_n of_o justinian_n which_o be_v confirm_v also_o in_o the_o 118._o roman_n german_a empire_n belong_v either_o to_o the_o former_a owner_n or_o as_o thing_n relinquish_v and_o unpossessed_a to_o the_o first_o finder_n nor_o do_v the_o exchequer_n interpose_v any_o claim_n whereas_o nevertheless_o according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o divers_a nation_n intervenient_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o those_o ship_n be_v very_o often_o confiscate_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o custom_n as_o among_o the_o english_a the_o 45._o britain_n 10._o sicilian_n some_o 393._o borderer_n upon_o the_o shore_n of_o italy_n and_o other_o and_o although_o it_o be_v account_v cruelty_n by_o some_o to_o pursue_v profit_n upon_o so_o sad_a a_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o the_o 85._o emperor_n either_o constantine_n or_o antoninus_n who_o make_v a_o law_n thereupon_o yea_o and_o though_o beside_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o bull_n raptoribus_fw-la coenae_fw-la domini_fw-la do_v blast_n those_o every_o year_n with_o excommunication_n that_o plunder_v the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o suffer_v shipwreck_n in_o 4._o any_o sea_n upon_o any_o pretence_n of_o law_n or_o custom_n whatsoêver_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o confiscation_n in_o this_o case_n derive_v not_o its_o original_a from_o the_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a age_n but_o it_o flow_v first_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a maritime_a law_n of_o the_o rhodian_o which_o be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o their_o flourish_a condition_n as_o shall_v be_v show_v by_o and_o by_o and_o from_o thence_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a prince_n also_o when_o the_o emperor_n ambassador_n as_o bodin_n say_v make_v complaint_n before_o henry_n the_o second_o king_n of_o france_n that_o two_o ship_n be_v drive_v a_o shore_n be_v seize_v by_o one_o jordanes_n ursinus_n and_o demand_v a_o restitution_n of_o they_o annas_n of_o momorancie_n master_n of_o the_o horse_n make_v answer_n that_o all_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v cast_v upon_o shore_n do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o all_o nation_n belong_v to_o such_o prince_n as_o have_v command_v the_o sh_n so_o far_o have_v custom_n take_v place_n in_o this_o particular_a that_o andraeas_n doria_n do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o complain_v about_o those_o ship_n that_o be_v cast_v upon_o the_o french_a shore_n and_o make_v prize_n by_o the_o admiral_n of_o france_n so_o far_o he_o in_o like_a manner_n whale_n and_o other_o fish_n of_o extraordinary_a bigness_n do_v not_o according_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o england_n 48._o portugal_n and_o other_o nation_n belong_v to_o he_o that_o first_o seize_v they_o but_o either_o to_o the_o exchequer_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o to_o such_o as_o the_o prince_n shall_v grant_v a_o royalty_n of_o that_o nature_n other_o instance_n may_v be_v bring_v sufficient_o to_o show_v that_o the_o law_n natural_a and_o of_o nation_n be_v not_o whole_o to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o such_o decree_n or_o determination_n as_o be_v find_v in_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n and_o so_o that_o what_o be_v there_o insert_v touch_v a_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n do_v not_o in_o any_o wise_a diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o receive_a custom_n of_o so_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v in_o those_o book_n to_o be_v common_a as_o the_o aâ—r_n and_o as_o wild_a beast_n be_v common_a as_o if_o indeed_o the_o neighbour_a aâ—r_n itself_o can_v not_o pass_v into_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o a_o river_n that_o be_v possels'â—_n and_o wild_a beast_n that_o be_v take_v moreover_o those_o ancient_n do_v ordinary_o conjoin_v a_o community_n of_o shore_n and_o port_n not_o unlike_a to_o that_o which_o they_o teach_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o if_o the_o very_a reason_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o port_n and_o shore_n as_o they_o belong_v either_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n or_o which_o be_v all_o one_o here_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o be_v not_o manifest_o draw_v as_o we_o have_v express_o show_v already_o out_o of_o 14._o celsus_n from_o the_o impost_n and_o custom_n which_o be_v frequent_a enough_o both_o in_o the_o shore_n and_o obiter_fw-la port_n of_o the_o â—oman_n empire_n and_o in_o the_o book_n of_o c._n justinian_n as_o in_o many_o other_o place_n for_o as_o the_o 1._o payment_n of_o that_o tribute_n which_o be_v call_v solarium_fw-la à _fw-la solo_n and_o thence_o by_o the_o greek_a lawyer_n pignore_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o house_n that_o be_v build_v upon_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o public_a ground_n be_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n that_o the_o common-weal_n or_o the_o prince_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o soil_n so_o indeed_o also_o the_o custom_n pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o port_n manifest_v that_o there_o be_v the_o same_o kind_n of_o dominion_n over_o them_o also_o port_n themselves_o be_v right_o suppose_v to_o be_v a_o part_n even_o of_o the_o continent_n as_o appear_v in_o publicanis_fw-la another_o place_n moreover_o also_o justinian_n appropriate_v the_o hellespont_n to_o himself_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o he_o will_v not_o permit_v merchant_n and_o seaman_n to_o enjoy_v a_o freedom_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o the_o port_n but_o at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n if_o we_o may_v believ_n 110._o procopius_n who_o be_v his_o comtemporarie_a and_o write_v his_o affair_n nor_o do_v they_o imagine_v there_o be_v any_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o over_o the_o land_n or_o people_n who_o about_o 400_o year_n since_o put_v this_o inscription_n upon_o the_o monument_n of_o the_o emperor_n 93._o frederick_n the_o second_o qui_fw-la mare_fw-la qui_fw-la terras_fw-la populos_fw-la &_o regna_fw-la subegit_fw-la who_o subdue_v the_o sea_n the_o land_n nation_n and_o kingdom_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o palermo_n in_o which_o place_n notwithstanding_o the_o imperial_a law_n flourish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman-german_a empire_n the_o sum_n of_o all_o be_v that_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n do_v deliver_v many_o thing_n careless_o touch_v this_o matter_n not_o only_o such_o as_o thwart_v the_o most_o receive_a custom_n of_o nation_n through_o almost_o all_o age_n but_o such_o also_o as_o do_v sufficient_o contradict_v one_o another_o especial_o whilst_o they_o join_v the_o shore_n itself_o and_o consequent_o the_o port_n together_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o equal_a state_n of_o community_n so_o that_o they_o be_v equal_o
by_o the_o court_n that_o the_o exception_n be_v of_o no_o force_n for_o that_o scotland_n be_v not_o within_o the_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o england_n so_o that_o within_o the_o four_o sea_n and_o within_o the_o realm_n signify_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n from_o whence_o these_o term_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o without_o the_o four_o sea_n become_v one_o and_o the_o same_o also_o to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n be_v very_o 441._o often_o repeat_v in_o this_o â—enâ—_n also_o by_o littleton_n the_o most_o excellent_a of_o all_o our_o law-writer_n signify_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o what_o he_o render_v it_o in_o 360_o another_o place_n by_z one_o who_o ala_fw-la oustere_a le_z mere_a cross_v the_o sea_n or_o go_v beyond_o sea_n â—rom_o thence_o also_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o whereas_o with_o we_o among_o the_o several_a temporal_a excuse_n of_o defendant_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o appear_v in_o court_n in_o our_o law_n we_o call_v they_o civilian_n essoin_v there_o be_v two_o allege_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v entitle_v de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o other_o de_fw-fr malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la and_o this_o latter_a be_v allow_v to_o he_o that_o be_v hinder_v by_o any_o kind_n of_o misfortune_n whatsoever_o within_o the_o sea_n or_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o more_o remote_a bound_n of_o those_o sea_n which_o belong_v to_o england_n but_o the_o former_a to_o he_o who_o live'_v without_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a empire_n from_o thence_o it_o seem_v i_o say_v to_o have_v proceed_v that_o in_o former_a time_n when_o there_o be_v a_o more_o frequent_a use_n in_o court_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o excuse_n a_o defendant_n be_v absent_a in_o ireland_n may_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o the_o latter_a form_n of_o essoin_fw-fr but_o not_o of_o the_o former_a nevertheless_o if_o through_o ignorance_n he_o do_v make_v use_n of_o this_o it_o take_v on_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o latter_a that_o be_v whole_o quit_v all_o its_o own_o nature_n it_o depend_v upon_o this_o that_o the_o defendant_n according_a to_o the_o more_o vulgar_a sensâ—_n or_o acception_n live_v beyond-sea_n for_o according_a to_o receive_a custom_n the_o nature_n of_o they_o both_o be_v such_o that_o when_o any_o one_o may_v lawful_o use_v the_o former_a he_o may_v also_o after_o a_o while_n likewise_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o the_o latter_a but_o in_o the_o say_a kind_n of_o essoin_n or_o excuse_n the_o former_a not_o be_v lawful_o make_v use_n of_o but_o yet_o turn_v into_o the_o latter_a by_o construction_n of_o law_n lest_o it_o shall_v become_v of_o no_o use_n there_o be_v no_o place_n for_o the_o latter_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o be_v iterate_v contrary_a to_o custom_n the_o matter_n itself_o be_v thus_o decide_v in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n the_o three_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o henry_n bracton_n after_o this_o manner_n esto_fw-la say_v 2._o he_o quòd_fw-la quis_fw-la se_fw-la essoniaverit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n quasi_fw-la de_fw-la ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la attornatur_fw-la essonium_fw-la illud_fw-la ad_fw-la simplex_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ut_fw-la coram_fw-la martino_n de_fw-fr patteshul_n in_o banco_n anno_fw-la regis_fw-la henrici_fw-la sexto_fw-la de_fw-la gilberto_n mariscallo_n &_o ceciliâ_fw-la uxore_fw-la ejus_fw-la &_o allano_n de_fw-fr hyda_n qui_fw-la vocavit_fw-la ad_fw-la warrantum_fw-la willielmum_fw-la mariscallum_fw-la in_o comitatu_fw-la pembroke_n &_o qui_fw-la se_fw-la essoniavit_fw-la de_fw-fr ibernia_n &_o non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la &_o postea_fw-la fecit_fw-la de_fw-la hoc_fw-la quòd_fw-la aliud_fw-la essonium_fw-la de_fw-la malo_fw-la veniendi_fw-la ad_fw-la alium_fw-la diem_fw-la non_fw-la fuit_fw-la allocatum_fw-la so_o much_o we_o find_v also_o in_o the_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o book_n entitle_v 8._o fleta_n doubtless_o ireland_n be_v no_o less_o seat_v beyond_o sea_n than_o either_o france_n or_o spain_n unless_o you_o take_v that_o decision_n as_o relate_v only_o to_o the_o civil_a notion_n of_o this_o kind_n of_o situation_n to_o wit_n that_o it_o be_v not_o situate_a beyond_o that_o sea_n which_o be_v a_o part_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o english_a empire_n but_o place_v therein_o and_o comprehend_v under_o one_o and_o the_o same_o supreme_a power_n with_o england_n and_o so_o that_o a_o excuse_v or_o essoin_fw-fr de_fw-fr ultra_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v not_o in_o that_o kind_n to_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o ancient_a 12b._o record_n also_o concern_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n we_o read_v it_o be_v a_o usual_a custom_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o first_o who_o die_v anno_fw-la dom._n mcxxxvi_o and_o of_o other_o king_n both_o before_o and_o after_o he_o that_o if_o any_o man_n accuse_v of_o a_o capital_a crime_n do_v by_o sea_n be_v public_o call_v five_o time_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o crier_n after_o so_o many_o several_a day_n assign_v do_v not_o make_v his_o appearance_n in_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n he_o be_v banish_v out_o of_o england_n &_o de_fw-fr mer_fw-fr appertinent_a au_fw-fr roy_fw-fr d_o d'angleterre_fw-fr or_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o forty_o year_n more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o admiral_n other_o particular_n there_o be_v that_o relate_v hereunto_o about_o action_n for_o matter_n arise_v in_o this_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v enter_v in_o express_a term_n heretofore_o in_o the_o alia_fw-la ordinary_a court_n of_o our_o common_a law_n whoâ—e_a jurisdiction_n be_v ever_o esteem_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n that_o a_o action_n institute_v about_o a_o matter_n arise_v in_o any_o other_o place_n than_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_a strict_a law_n always_o to_o be_v reject_v by_o they_o after_o which_o manner_n as_o it_o have_v be_v a_o custom_n now_o for_o many_o year_n that_o a_o action_n ought_v to_o be_v reject_v unless_o the_o matter_n have_v its_o rise_n within_o the_o body_n as_o they_o call_v it_o of_o the_o county_n that_o be_v within_o some_o province_n or_o county_n of_o the_o island_n usual_o give_v in_o charge_n to_o certain_a governor_n or_o officer_n know_v to_o we_o by_o the_o name_n of_o sheriff_n so_o also_o be_v it_o in_o this_o sea-province_n belong_v by_o the_o ancient_a receive_v custom_n to_o the_o high_a admiral_n or_o his_o deputy_n not_o only_o so_o far_o as_o concern_v its_o defence_n and_o guard_n but_o also_o as_o to_o matter_n of_o jurisdiction_n so_o that_o at_o length_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v without_o controversy_n admit_v and_o assert_v also_o both_o by_o the_o determination_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o writ_n and_o form_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o nor_o be_v that_o of_o any_o force_n at_o all_o to_o the_o contrary_a which_o either_o our_o countryman_n bracton_n the_o lawyer_n as_o have_v be_v say_v or_o some_o other_o of_o late_a as_o well_o as_o ancient_a time_n that_o be_v follower_n of_o he_o but_o in_o too_o careless_a a_o manner_n while_o they_o 4._o set_v down_o the_o institution_n of_o our_o english_a law_n have_v unadvised_o utter_v by_o the_o way_n touch_v that_o ancient_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o fish_v also_o in_o river_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o justinian_n as_o if_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o community_n be_v admit_v in_o our_o law_n true_o that_o which_o they_o have_v so_o let_v slip_v be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o be_v take_v as_o contrary_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o the_o land_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o even_o bracton_n himself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v have_v divers_a other_o passage_n that_o signify_v this_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n as_o it_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v for_o some_o of_o the_o relic_n of_o ulpian_n or_o of_o the_o school_n of_o the_o imperial_a law_n too_o slight_o and_o careless_o add_v by_o the_o way_n in_o writing_n and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o 21._o one_o or_o two_o more_o of_o our_o writer_n who_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o reason_v receive_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n touch_v the_o middle_n of_o a_o river_n and_o a_o island_n rise_v therein_o do_v by_o the_o way_n but_o ignorant_o make_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v between_o to_o be_v the_o bound_n of_o this_o sea-dominion_n of_o our_o king_n moreover_o the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v likewise_o of_o the_o londinens_fw-la commissioner_n of_o queen_n elisabeth_n who_o treat_v at_o bremen_n with_o the_o commissioner_n of_o christiern_n the_o four_o king_n of_o denmark_n about_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n through_o the_o northern_a sea_n object_n a_o perpetual_a community_n of_o every_o kind_n of_o
time_n and_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o so_o valerius_n to_o the_o emperor_n tiberius_n the_o consent_n of_o man_n and_o god_n say_v prologo_fw-la he_o will_v have_v the_o regiment_n of_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v in_o thy_o power_n there_o be_v other_o passage_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n in_o ancient_a author_n whereby_o the_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o sea_n be_v so_o conjoin_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n have_v it_o divide_v in_o respect_n of_o each_o other_o or_o that_o either_o the_o effect_n or_o cause_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o this_o shall_v be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o other_o but_o this_o i_o suppose_v be_v sufficient_o manifest_a to_o the_o more_o intelligent_a sort_n of_o man_n without_o any_o advertisement_n though_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o such_o as_o too_o rash_o without_o any_o regard_n have_v to_o the_o interposition_n of_o league_n and_o treaty_n agreement_n or_o law_n dare_v bold_o affirm_v sometime_o that_o the_o cause_n of_o sea-dominion_n consist'_v only_o in_o the_o strength_n of_o powerful_a fleet_n sometime_o also_o of_o such_o as_o belong_v to_o 260._o pirate_n but_o the_o effect_n in_o restrain_v all_o other_o simple_o and_o perpetual_o but_o the_o title_n of_o the_o book_n need_n be_v a_o defence_n also_o among_o some_o who_o palate_n i_o hear_v it_o do_v not_o pleasant_a very_o well_o they_o will_v not_o have_v forsooth_o the_o mare_n clausum_fw-la here_o handle_v as_o a_o assertion_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o to_o denote_v the_o time_n wherein_o the_o sea_n be_v say_v to_o be_v shut_v or_o close_v by_o the_o ancient_n as_o not_o fit_a for_o navigation_n every_o man_n know_v that_o from_o the_o three_o of_o the_o ides_n of_o 39_o november_n until_o the_o sixth_o of_o the_o ides_n of_o march_n or_o betwixt_o some_o other_o 3_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o winter-season_n the_o sea_n be_v and_o be_v so_o call_v heretofore_o clausum_fw-la shut_v as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o time_n or_o in_o the_o summer-season_n it_o be_v call_v apertum_fw-la open_n that_o be_v to_o say_v more_o apt_a and_o convenient_a for_o ship_v according_a to_o which_o since_o it_o be_v say_v by_o 5._o cicero_n while_o he_o be_v in_o expectation_n of_o letter_n from_o his_o brother_n quinctus_n adhuc_fw-la clausum_fw-la mare_fw-la scio_fw-la fuisse_fw-la i_o know_v the_o sea_n have_v be_v shut_v until_o now_o so_o that_o in_o this_o since_o the_o surname_n both_o of_o clusius_n and_o patulcius_n may_v right_o enough_o have_v be_v give_v to_o neptune_n as_o well_o as_o janus_n but_o yet_o though_o the_o title_n have_v be_v take_v from_o this_o nation_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v shut_v or_o close_v it_o will_v not_o true_o have_v be_v so_o reprovable_a for_o see_v it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o owner_n so_o to_o use_v and_o enjoy_v his_o own_o that_o without_o some_o compact_n of_o agreement_n covenant_n or_o some_o special_a right_a superven_a he_o may_v lawful_o restrain_v any_o other_o whatsoëver_n it_o can_v be_v amiss_o for_o any_o one_o to_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n which_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o any_o person_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o dominion_n shut_v to_o all_o other_o who_o be_v not_o owner_n or_o that_o do_v not_o enjoy_v such_o a_o peculiar_a right_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n almost_o as_o that_o whereby_o in_o that_o winter-season_n they_o become_v unnavigable_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o say_v vegetius_n but_o true_o there_o be_v another_o and_o far_o clear_a meaning_n of_o the_o title_n the_o simple_a sens_fw-fr of_o its_o term_n do_v denote_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v so_o shut_v up_o or_o separate_v and_o seclude_v for_o private_a dominion_n no_o otherwise_o than_o the_o land_n or_o a_o port_n by_o bound_n limit_n and_o other_o note_n and_o circumstance_n of_o private_a dominion_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n that_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n and_o those_o special_a restriction_n &_o qualification_n of_o law_n which_o various_o intervene_v vanish_v and_o return_v all_o other_o be_v exclude_v from_o a_o use_n of_o the_o same_o for_o most_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o claudere_fw-la to_o shut_v do_v not_o only_o denote_v the_o mere_a simple_a act_n of_o shut_v as_o we_o say_v de_fw-fr januis_fw-la oculisve_fw-la clausis_fw-la of_o gate_n or_o one_o eye_n be_v shut_v clauso_fw-la agmine_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v in_o that_o of_o 3._o lucan_n brachia_n nec_fw-la licuit_fw-la vasto_fw-la jactare_fw-la profundo_fw-la sed_fw-la clauso_fw-la periere_fw-la mari._n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o seamen_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o keel_n of_o their_o ship_n turn_v upward_o but_o also_o it_o very_o often_o signifie'_v that_o which_o be_v consequent_a either_o to_o a_o denial_n of_o the_o free_a use_n of_o the_o thing_n shut_v as_o also_o the_o propriety_n and_o dominion_n of_o he_o that_o shut'_v it_o so_o say_v venus_n in_o 1._o virgil_n to_o jupiter_n quid_fw-la troâ—s_fw-la potuere_fw-la quibus_fw-la tot_fw-la funera_fw-la passis_fw-la cunctus_fw-la ob_fw-la italiam_fw-la terrarum_fw-la claudiditur_fw-la orbis_n clauditur_fw-la orbis_n the_o world_n shut_v that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o free_a use_n of_o the_o world_n be_v forbid_v they_o or_o not_o permit_v and_o 10._o propertius_n non_fw-la clausisset_fw-la aquas_fw-la ipsa_fw-la noverca_fw-la svas_fw-la he_o speak_v of_o the_o sacred_a fountain_n of_o juno_n which_o be_v appropriate_a to_o the_o female_a sex_n as_o owner_n and_o so_o prohibit_v to_o hercules_n and_o all_o male_n whatsoëver_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o tencteri_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr also_o to_o the_o agrippinenses_n in_o â—_o tacitus_n we_o rejoice_v in_o your_o behalf_n that_o at_o length_n you_o shall_v be_v free_a among_o they_o that_o be_v free_a for_o to_o this_o day_n the_o roman_n have_v shut_v up_o the_o river_n and_o land_n and_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o very_a aër_fw-la to_o hinder_v and_o restrain_v our_o conference_n and_o meeting_n and_o in_o the_o same_o author_n cerialis_n plead_v to_o the_o treveri_n and_o lingones_n except_o tribute_n say_v he_o other_o thing_n remain_v in_o common_a you_o your_o selus_fw-la for_o the_o most_o part_n command_v our_o legion_n you_o rule_v these_o and_o other_o province_n nihil_fw-la separatum_fw-la clausúmve_fw-la nothing_o be_v separate_v or_o shut_v many_o other_o passage_n there_o be_v of_o that_o kind_n pliny_n also_o say_v of_o the_o sea_n themselves_o 9_o interiora_fw-la maria_fw-la clauduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la portu_fw-la the_o inner_a sea_n be_v shut_v as_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o 15._o another_o say_v mare_n tyrrhenum_n à _fw-la lucrino_fw-la molibus_fw-la seclusum_fw-la the_o tyrrhenian_a sea_n be_v seclude_v or_o shut_v apart_o by_o pile_n from_o the_o lucrine_n and_o 2._o tacitus_n tutum_fw-la seclusum_fw-la mare_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v safe_a be_v seclude_v i_o hat_n panegyrist_n also_o to_o constantius_n say_v of_o the_o frank_n that_o rob_v heretofore_o in_o a_o piratic_a manner_n as_o well_o in_o the_o mediterranean_a as_o the_o open_a sea_n eventu_fw-la temeritatis_fw-la ostenderant_fw-la nihil_fw-la esse_fw-la clausum_fw-la piraticae_fw-la disperationi_fw-la quo_fw-la navigiis_fw-la pateret_fw-la accessus_fw-la they_o make_v it_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n of_o their_o rashness_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v shut_v against_o the_o desperation_n of_o pirate_n where_o there_o may_v be_v a_o access_n for_o ship_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o sea_n be_v not_o so_o shut_v against_o pirate_n by_o the_o roman_a emperor_n but_o that_o they_o free_o use_v depredation_n therein_o in_o a_o word_n that_o which_o be_v say_v by_o 10._o ambrose_n possidere_fw-la fretum_fw-la &_o spatia_fw-la maris_fw-la sibi_fw-la vendicare_fw-la jure_fw-la mancipii_fw-la to_o possess_v a_o narrow_a sea_n and_o challenge_n space_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o right_a of_o subjection_n be_v the_o very_a same_o with_o that_o of_o 16._o columella_n maria_n ipsa_fw-la neptunúmque_fw-la claudere_fw-la to_o shut_v the_o sea_n themselves_o and_o neptune_n and_o so_o mare_fw-la clausum_fw-la be_v the_o sea_n possess_v in_o a_o private_a manner_n or_o so_o seclude_v both_o by_o right_n and_o occupation_n that_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v common_a that_o be_v be_v claim_v by_o right_o of_o subjection_n upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o those_o angles_n be_v call_v anguli_fw-la clausares_fw-la whereby_o the_o acâ—â—s_n century_n in_o the_o assignation_n of_o the_o ancient_a roman_n do_v so_o touch_v one_o another_o that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v thereby_o how_o far_o the_o right_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o particular_a person_n do_v extend_v as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o constituendis_fw-la hygenus_fw-la neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a that_o what_o may_v be_v right_o say_v in_o this_o since_o to_o be_v shut_v shall_v be_v shut_v or_o enclose_v by_o some_o continue_a fence_n or_o by_o a_o continue_a tract_n of_o some_o
chap._n xxxi_o touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o scotish_n sea_n especial_o towards_o the_o east_n and_o north._n pag._n 443_o chap._n xxxii_o touch_v that_o right_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o main_a and_o open_a sea_n of_o the_o north._n and_o the_o conclusion_n of_o the_o work_n pag._n 447_o amend_v the_o error_n thus_o pag._n 2._o lin_v 31._o read_v question_n p._n 15._o l._n 25._o r._n hostage_n blot_v out_o right_o p._n 29._o l._n 2._o also_o over_o all_o other_o p._n 33._o l._n 7._o r._n thus_o it_o be_v p._n 38._o l._n 27._o r._n within_o the_o creek_n p._n 49._o l._n 31._o r._n that_o of_o neptune_n p._n 53._o l._n 29._o r._n in_o any_o wise_a p._n 56._o l._n 6._o r._n or_o which_o ibid._n l._n 14._o r._n translation_n p._n 61._o l._n 2._o r._n hereto_o p._n 64._o l._n 22._o r._n in_o the_o first_o p._n 70._o 31._o r._n they_o require_v p._n 71._o l._n 9_o r._n antigonus_n witty_o reply_v that_o he_o himself_o p._n 74._o l._n 6._o r._n counsel_n p._n 75._o l._n 21._o r._n first_o ibid._n l._n 28._o r._n league_n that_o be_v p._n 79._o l._n 28._o r._n miscâ—um_fw-la p._n 82._o l._n 5._o r._n account_n ibid._n l._n 26._o r._n theodosius_n p._n 87._o l._n 13._o r._n that_o it_o can_v p._n 94._o l._n 30._o r._n that_o servitude_n p._n 95._o l._n 14._o r._n that_o servitude_n be_v impose_v p._n 95._o l._n 19_o r._n this_o servitude_n p._n 98._o l._n 2._o r._n â—â—lls_v p._n 105._o l._n 12._o r._n of_o p._n 106._o l._n 10._o r._n or_o p._n 123._o l._n 25._o r._n place_n according_a p._n 129._o l._n 11._o r._n i_o run_v p._n 142._o l._n 32._o r._n may_v be_v p._n 144._o l._n 11._o r._n alciaâ—â—â—_n p._n 156._o l._n 1._o r._n contemporatie_n p_o 161._o l._n 19_o r._n be_v it_o say_v p._n 163._o l._n 9_o r._n cotton_n p._n 184._o l._n 12._o r._n bacangâ—_n p._n 189._o l._n 4._o r._n too_o much_o p._n 190._o l._n 23._o r._n their._n p._n 192._o l._n 27._o r._n trim_v p._n 203._o l._n 2d_o r._n i_o be_o p._n â—â—â—_o l._n 4._o r._n thrive_v p._n 218._o l._n 30._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 221._o l._n 6._o r._n throughout_o britain_n p._n 232._o l._n 17._o r._n at_o that_o time_n p._n 243._o l._n 31._o r._n or_o strand_n p._n 250._o l._n 28._o r._n danemarc_n p._n 255._o in_o the_o margin_n r._n coâ—â—onianâ—_n p._n 281._o l._n 12._o r._n achilles_n tatius_n p._n 303._o l._n 29._o r._n entenâ—_n p._n 306._o l._n 8._o r._n office_n of_o our_o p._n 315._o l._n 25._o r._n â—uisâ—es_o p._n 316._o l._n 20._o r._n guisâ—es_n and_o amiens_n p._n 317._o l._n 6._o r._n the_o opposite_a p._n 322._o l._n 31._o r._n piecemeal_o p._n 328._o l._n 24._o r._n account_n p._n 333._o l._n 14._o r._n caesarea_n p._n 336._o l._n 2._o r._n so_o that_o it_o ibid._n l._n 5._o r._n know_v ibid._n l._n 23._o r._n english_a by_o norman_a p._n 339._o l._n 16._o r._n the_o islander_n p._n 384._o l._n 31._o r._n of_o a_o public_a p._n 413._o l._n 1._o r._n be_v his_o plduciarie_n p._n 448._o l._n 11._o r._n feroâ—_n of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n i._n the_o division_n of_o the_o work_n and_o the_o method_n of_o the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._n the_o design_n be_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n encompass_v the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o same_o two_o main_a particular_n be_v chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o one_o concern_v matter_n of_o law_n the_o other_o matter_n of_o fact_n both_o of_o they_o be_v denominate_v as_o be_v usual_a from_o the_o major_a part_n for_o as_o the_o point_n of_o law_n have_v many_o thing_n mingle_v with_o it_o which_o manifest_o arise_v from_o matter_n of_o fact_n so_o this_o of_o fact_n comprehend'_v not_o a_o few_o which_o relate_v unto_o that_o of_o law_n as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o point_n of_o law_n this_o question_n fall_v chief_o under_o debate_n to_o wit_n whether_o by_o law_n the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n and_o by_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v mean_v only_o such_o a_o collection_n of_o testimony_n or_o clear_o show_v forth_o of_o evidence_n by_o which_o may_v be_v prove_v and_o maintain_v the_o long_a and_o continual_a conjunction_n with_o the_o british_a empire_n of_o enjoiment_n and_o possession_n or_o lawful_a prescription_n whereupon_o as_o on_o a_o most_o strong_a title_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n herein_o may_v be_v found_v it_o be_v first_o make_v manifest_a that_o the_o sea_n itself_o be_v not_o only_o not_o repugnant_a by_o any_o law_n to_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n but_o every_o way_n capable_a thereof_o to_o each_o of_o these_o particular_n a_o several_a book_n be_v allot_v in_o the_o first_o be_v discuss_v matter_n of_o law_n in_o the_o second_o that_o which_o concern_v matter_n of_o fact_n for_o except_o manifest_a proof_n be_v make_v of_o the_o first_o point_n it_o will_v be_v utter_o in_o vain_a to_o discourse_n about_o the_o second_o but_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o first_o book_n it_o seem_v meet_v to_o observe_v such_o a_o method_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o lay_v open_a the_o rise_n or_o original_a ground_n of_o those_o dispute_n that_o have_v occasion_v this_o enquiry_n into_o the_o point_n of_o law_n together_o with_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o man_n who_o deny_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n or_o ownership_n or_o that_o it_o may_v pass_v into_o the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o particular_a so_o as_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o exclude_v it_o from_o be_v common_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n next_o be_v premise_v some_o thing_n for_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o the_o question_n that_o it_o may_v be_v clear_o thence_o understand_v as_o well_o what_o kind_n of_o medium_n be_v to_o be_v use_v as_o what_o the_o thing_n be_v whereof_o we_o intend_v to_o treat_v lest_o by_o neglect_n of_o such_o a_o cours_n we_o be_v perplex_v with_o doubt_n about_o the_o notion_n and_o acceptation_n either_o of_o the_o term_n themselves_o or_o of_o the_o subject_a in_o controversy_n after_o this_o preparation_n thus_o due_o make_v it_o be_v then_o demonstrate_v that_o not_o only_o no_o kind_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o right_o understand_v do_v deny_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o that_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o know_a and_o approve_v whereof_o there_o may_v be_v any_o use_n in_o dispute_n of_o this_o nature_n do_v acknowledge_v and_o allow_v a_o propriety_n and_o private_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n last_o the_o objection_n usual_o bring_v against_o such_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v clear_v and_o answer_v and_o with_o these_o we_o shall_v now_o begin_v for_o the_o method_n of_o the_o second_o book_n be_v more_o convenient_o put_v there_o before_o it_o what_o occurrence_n seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o dominion_n of_o sea_n and_o what_o argument_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v against_o it_o chap._n ii_o the_o argument_n usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o three_o sort_n some_o be_v draw_v from_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n passage_n and_o travel_v other_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o write_n and_o testimony_n of_o learned_a man_n and_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n or_o traffic_n and_o travel_v this_o some_o man_n affirm_v to_o be_v so_o natural_a that_o they_o say_v it_o can_v no_o where_n be_v abolish_v by_o any_o law_n or_o custom_n yea_o and_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o deny_v merchant_n or_o stranger_n the_o benefit_n of_o port_n provision_n commerce_n and_o navigation_n add_v moreover_o that_o war_n have_v be_v just_o commence_v upon_o denial_n of_o port_n trade_n and_o commerce_n and_o for_o proof_n they_o produce_v the_o example_n of_o the_o megarans_n 12._o against_o the_o athenian_n the_o bononian_n 20._o against_o the_o venetian_n and_o of_o the_o spaniard_n against_o those_o of_o the_o west_n indies_n for_o that_o the_o expedition_n of_o spain_n against_o the_o american_n be_v pretend_v by_o very_o learned_a man_n to_o be_v upon_o a_o 2._o just_a ground_n because_o they_o deny_v they_o a_o freedom_n of_o commerce_n within_o their_o shore_n and_o port_n and_o in_o justification_n hereof_o they_o use_v that_o of_o virgil_n as_o speak_v out_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n quod_fw-la genus_fw-la 1._o hoc_fw-la hominum_fw-la quaeve_fw-la hunc_fw-la tam_fw-la barbara_fw-la morem_fw-la permittit_fw-la
therefore_o from_o thence_o they_o seem_v to_o hold_v that_o a_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n can_v be_v attein_v by_o any_o ancient_a usage_n custom_n or_o prescription_n nor_o under_o any_o other_o pretence_n or_o title_n whatsoëver_o for_o faith_n they_o no_o plea_n or_o bar_n be_v to_o be_v allow_v against_o nature_n nor_o as_o usurpationibus_fw-la papinian_n say_v be_v a_o prescription_n of_o long_a possession_n wont_a to_o be_v admit_v for_o the_o hold_n of_o such_o place_n as_o be_v public_a and_o common_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o these_o ancient_a lawyer_n here_o mention_v be_v follow_v by_o no_o small_a train_n of_o interpreter_n though_o nevertheless_o there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o even_o of_o they_o who_o restrain_v and_o qualify_v that_o ancient_a opinion_n more_o way_n than_o one_o touch_v the_o necessity_n of_o a_o common_a intercour_n and_o freedom_n at_o sea_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o but_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n those_o that_o have_v appear_v most_o forward_o in_o oppose_v a_o right_a of_o dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n be_v only_o two_o both_o indeed_o very_o eminent_a man_n but_o of_o unequal_a learning_n and_o elegancy_n of_o wit_n by_o name_n fernandus_n vasquius_fw-la the_o spaniard_n and_o hugo_n grotius_n the_o hollander_n the_o former_a a_o honourable_a counsellor_n to_o king_n philip_n the_o 3._o of_o spain_n in_o his_o high_a court_n of_o exchequer_n the_o late_a be_v heretofore_o advocate_n fiscal_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o west-friesland_n and_o most_o deserve_o adorn_v with_o divers_a other_o honour_n in_o his_o own_o country_n a_o man_n of_o a_o acute_a judgement_n and_o for_o his_o excellency_n in_o all_o kind_n of_o learning_n incomparable_a but_o vasquius_fw-la in_o his_o discourse_n both_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o also_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o dominion_n prescription_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n speak_v to_o this_o effect_n etc._n from_o hence_o say_v he_o it_o appear_v how_o little_a esteem_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o suppose_v that_o the_o genoëse_n or_o venetian_n may_v without_o injury_n forbid_v other_o to_o sail_v through_o the_o gulf_n in_o their_o respective_a sea_n as_o if_o they_o can_v have_v lay_v claim_n to_o those_o sea_n by_o prescription_n which_o be_v not_o only_o contrary_a to_o the_o imperial_a law_n above_o mention_v but_o also_o against_o the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n which_o can_v be_v alter_v and_o that_o it_o be_v against_o this_o law_n be_v evident_a because_o by_o the_o same_o law_n not_o only_o the_o sea_n but_o all_o other_o immovable_a thing_n whatsoëver_o be_v common_a and_o although_o in_o aftertime_n that_o law_n come_v to_o be_v abolish_v in_o part_n so_o far_a as_o concern_v the_o dominion_n and_o propriety_n of_o land_n which_o be_v enjoy_v in_o common_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v afterward_o distinguish_v divide_v and_o so_o separate_v from_o that_o common_a use_n yet_o it_o have_v be_v otherwise_o and_o be_v still_o as_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v and_o though_o i_o hear_v many_o of_o the_o portugal_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o their_o king_n have_v have_v such_o a_o ancient_a title_n by_o prescription_n in_o that_o vast_a ocean_n of_o the_o west-indies_n so_o that_o other_o nation_n have_v no_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o those_o sea_n and_o also_o that_o the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o our_o own_o nation_n of_o spain_n seem_v to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n that_o no_o people_n whatsoëver_o but_o spaniard_n have_v any_o right_a to_o sail_v through_o that_o immense_a and_o most_o spacious_a sea_n to_o those_o indian_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o most_o mighty_a king_n of_o spain_n as_o if_o they_o only_o have_v a_o right_a by_o prescription_n thereto_o yet_o all_o these_o man_n opinion_n be_v no_o less_o vain_a and_o foolish_a then_o they_o who_o use_v to_o dream_v the_o same_o thing_n of_o the_o genoeses_n and_o venetian_n the_o folly_n of_o which_o opinion_n appear_v the_o more_o clear_o even_o in_o this_o respect_n because_o neither_o of_o those_o nation_n single_o consider_v can_v prescribe_v aught_o against_o themselves_o that_o be_v to_o say_v neither_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o genoa_n against_o itself_o nor_o the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n against_o itself_o nor_o that_o of_o portugal_n against_o itself_o for_o there_o ought_v ever_o to_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o agent_n and_o patient_n much_o less_o can_v they_o prescribe_v aught_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o other_o nation_n because_o the_o law_n of_o prescription_n be_v pure_o civil_a therefore_o such_o a_o law_n can_v be_v of_o no_o force_n in_o decide_v controversy_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o prince_n or_o people_n that_o acknowledge_v no_o superior_a for_o the_o peculiar_a civil_a law_n of_o every_o country_n be_v of_o no_o more_o value_n as_o to_o foreign_a country_n and_o nation_n or_o their_o people_n then_o if_o such_o a_o law_n be_v not_o in_o be_v or_o never_o have_v be_v â—nd_v therefore_o in_o controversy_n of_o that_o nature_n recours_fw-fr must_v be_v have_v unto_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n original_a or_o secondary_a which_o law_n certain_o do_v never_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o prescription_n or_o usurpation_n of_o title_n over_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n he_o have_v of_o the_o same_o kind_n be_v a_o very_a confident_a opposer_n of_o any_o peculiar_a dominion_n over_o the_o sea_n but_o in_o the_o year_n md_o cix_o it_o be_v the_o year_n after_o that_o large_a treaty_n hold_v at_o the_o hage_n betwixt_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n about_o freedom_n of_o trade_n and_o navigation_n to_o the_o east-indies_n there_o be_v publish_v that_o book_n of_o hugo_n grotius_n entitle_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la or_o a_o discourse_n concern_v that_o right_n which_o the_o hollander_n have_v to_o trade_n in_o the_o indies_n wherein_o he_o endeavor_n first_o to_o prove_v that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o a_o freedom_n of_o navigation_n for_o all_o man_n whatsoëver_o which_o way_n they_o plea_n so_o that_o they_o can_v without_o injury_n be_v molest_v at_o sea_n next_o that_o the_o atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n or_o the_o right_n of_o navigation_n to_o the_o indies_n be_v not_o nor_o indeed_o can_v be_v any_o peculiar_a of_o the_o portugall_n forasmuch_o as_o the_o sea_n say_v he_o according_a to_o the_o jubet_fw-la law_n and_o reason_n already_o mention_v can_v in_o no_o wise_n become_v the_o propriety_n of_o any_o one_o because_o nature_n not_o only_a permit_n but_o require_n it_n shall_v be_v common_a several_a other_o passage_n he_o have_v about_o this_o matter_n in_o his_o excellent_a book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o thus_o much_o in_o brief_a concern_v those_o argument_n that_o be_v usual_o bring_v against_o the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o thing_n therefore_o be_v to_o explain_v the_o sens_fw-fr of_o the_o question_n and_o its_o term_n what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o word_n sea_n in_o the_o question_n also_o a_o division_n of_o the_o law_n in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n chap._n iii_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o present_a question_n whether_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n we_o take_v the_o word_n capable_a in_o the_o same_o sens_fw-fr as_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o emperor_n traian_n in_o a_o epistle_n of_o he_o to_o his_o belove_a pliny_n 59_o solum_fw-la peregrinae_fw-la civitatis_fw-la capax_fw-la non_fw-la esse_fw-la dedicationis_fw-la quae_fw-la fit_a jure_fw-la nostro_fw-la the_o soil_n of_o a_o strange_a city_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o such_o a_o dedication_n as_o be_v make_v by_o our_o law_n moreover_o we_o shall_v explain_v what_o be_v mean_v by_o the_o sea_n as_o also_o by_o those_o term_n of_o law_n and_o dominion_n by_o the_o sea_n we_o understand_v the_o whole_a sea_n as_o well_o the_o main_a ocean_n or_o out-land_n sea_n as_o those_o which_o be_v within-land_n such_o as_o the_o mediterranean_a adriatic_a aegean_a or_o levant_n british_n and_o baltic_a sea_n or_o any_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n which_o differ_v not_o otherwise_o from_o the_o main_a then_o as_o homogeneous_a or_o similary_n part_n of_o the_o same_o body_n do_v from_o the_o whole_a but_o the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v the_o rule_n measure_n and_o point_v out_o of_o thing_n lawful_a or_o unlawful_a fall_v under_o a_o twofold_a consideration_n fither_o as_o it_o be_v obligatorie_n which_o be_v call_v also_o preceptive_a or_o as_o it_o be_v permissive_a
which_o be_v also_o by_o writer_n common_o term_v concessive_a as_o obligatorie_n it_o be_v know_v by_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v command_v or_o forbid_v as_o to_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a not_o to_o forswear_v and_o the_o like_a as_o permissive_a it_o be_v set_v forth_o by_o thing_n who_o use_n be_v neither_o command_v nor_o forbid_v but_o permit_v as_o in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o buy_v sell_v enfranchisement_n frame_v condition_n of_o contract_n according_a to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o contractor_n and_o many_o more_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n but_o both_o these_o kind_n of_o law_n concern_v either_o mankind_n in_o general_n that_o be_v all_o nation_n or_o not_o all_o that_o which_o relate_n to_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n or_o all_o nation_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o divine_a that_o be_v either_o manifest_v by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v elegant_o describe_v by_o tertullian_n to_o be_v the_o militis_fw-la common_a law_n write_v throughout_o the_o whole_a world_n in_o the_o very_a book_n of_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o grecian_n call_v alij_fw-la the_o law_n of_o mankind_n and_o by_o the_o civilian_n the_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o else_o it_o isâ—_n declare_v and_o set_v down_o in_o those_o divine_a oracle_n that_o have_v be_v commit_v to_o writing_n both_o which_o may_v proper_o be_v term_v the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n or_o the_o common_a law_n of_o mankind_n and_o whatëver_o be_v obligatorie_n in_o either_o of_o these_o either_o out_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n itself_o or_o rather_o from_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o father_n of_o nature_n be_v repute_v by_o man_n to_o be_v unchangeable_a according_a to_o that_o say_n so_o often_o use_v by_o 8._o philosopher_n etc._n divine_n and_o naturalia_fw-la lawyer_n that_o the_o right_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a which_o can_v be_v say_v of_o the_o permissive_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o divine_a relate_v to_o mankind_n in_o general_a for_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o man_n that_o as_o permissive_a it_o must_v needs_o be_v various_a and_o changeable_a according_a to_o the_o judgement_n and_o pleasure_n of_o person_n in_o power_n and_o therefore_o subject_a to_o repealing_n qualification_n and_o daily_a alteration_n whereas_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n that_o kind_n which_o be_v obligatorie_n may_v admit_v addition_n or_o inlargement_n such_o as_o may_v serve_v for_o more_o certainty_n and_o convenience_n of_o observation_n but_o no_o alteration_n in_o any_o wise_a to_o diminish_v its_o authority_n out_o of_o such_o addition_n as_o be_v make_v to_o that_o which_o be_v obligatorie_n and_o alteration_n of_o that_o which_o be_v permissive_a another_o kind_n of_o law_n take_v its_o rise_n which_o be_v of_o a_o more_o narrow_a sens_n and_o acceptation_n and_o relate_n not_o to_o all_o nation_n or_o the_o universality_n of_o mankind_n but_o only_o to_o some_o particular_n thereof_o and_o it_o be_v ordinary_o well_o term_v positive_a as_o be_v positive_o ordain_v either_o by_o god_n or_o man_n sometime_o also_o it_o be_v term_v clvili_fw-la civil_a and_o a_o addition_n of_o right_a reason_n this_o positive_a law_n may_v be_v divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v singular_a and_o peculiar_a to_o any_o one_o particular_a nation_n or_o society_n of_o mankind_n as_o be_v the_o auâ—em_fw-la law_n concern_v paternal_a power_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o aristocratem_n athenian_n touch_v the_o same_o or_o into_o that_o which_o be_v receive_v by_o divers_a nation_n again_o this_o last_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n either_o into_o that_o which_o bind'_v divers_a nation_n joint_o equal_o and_o indifferent_o by_o some_o common_a obligation_n or_o ell_n into_o that_o which_o bind'_v divers_a nation_n or_o people_n not_o joint_o and_o equal_o or_o by_o any_o common_a obligation_n but_o single_o and_o by_o accident_n and_o of_o this_o threefold_a 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simple_o of_o both_o nation_n in_o any_o such_o sens_fw-fr as_o import's_n a_o joint-interest_n or_o communion_n but_o as_o to_o that_o which_o joint_o concern_v divers_a nation_n by_o mutual_a obligation_n that_o be_v the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n it_o be_v divisible_a likewise_o into_o two_o part_n to_o wit_n into_o that_o which_o be_v imperative_a over_o divers_a nation_n or_o people_n or_o that_o which_o be_v intervenient_a by_o the_o imperative_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v mean_v that_o which_o be_v observe_v or_o receive_v authority_n among_o several_a nation_n or_o people_n who_o be_v subject_a to_o supreme_a power_n that_o otherwise_o be_v distinct_a and_o this_o by_o reason_n of_o a_o obligation_n equal_o common_a to_o they_o all_o but_o derive_v from_o some_o other_o and_o enjoin_v by_o some_o special_a command_n either_o from_o god_n or_o man_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v that_o law_n of_o the_o dâ—lopes_n the_o magnesian_o phthiotae_n thessalian_n and_o other_o people_n of_o greece_n who_o be_v equal_o oblige_v by_o the_o command_n of_o 〈◊〉_d acrisius_n king_n of_o the_o argive_n submit_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o grand_a parliament_n or_o assembly_n of_o amphictyones_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n likewise_o be_v that_o 10._o military_a law_n enjoin_v by_o god_n not_o only_o to_o the_o people_n of_o israël_n but_o also_o to_o the_o canaanite_n with_o who_o they_o be_v to_o wage_v war_n for_o they_o be_v both_o oblige_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o that_o command_v though_o after_o a_o divers_a manner_n and_o when_o any_o nation_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o pope_n authority_n and_o command_n do_v alike_o submit_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o law_n it_o may_v be_v right_o call_v the_o imperative_a law_n of_o nation_n but_o that_o be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o take_v its_o rise_n not_o from_o any_o command_n impose_v upon_o several_a nation_n in_o common_a but_o through_o the_o intervention_n either_o of_o some_o compact_n or_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o secondary_a law_n of_o nation_n the_o principal_a head_n whereof_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o law_n about_o proclaim_v war_n embassy_n prisoner_n of_o war_n hostage_n right_o remitter_n upon_o return_n from_o captivity_n league_n and_o covenant_n commerce_n and_o other_o matter_n of_o that_o nature_n which_o usual_o intervene_v betwixt_o divers_a nation_n for_o as_o much_o as_o in_o these_o law_n here_o speak_v of_o it_o be_v in_o several_a nation_n whole_o compose_v of_o such_o addition_n as_o have_v be_v make_v to_o the_o universal_a obligatorie_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o of_o such_o alteration_n as_o have_v accrue_v to_o the_o universal_a permissive_a and_o no_o more_o may_v challenge_v the_o name_n of_o imperative_a or_o intervenient_a and_o it_o be_v most_o plain_a that_o the_o rest_n retain_n still_o the_o name_n of_o the_o universal_a or_o primitive_a law_n of_o nation_n moreover_o also_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o usual_o take_v place_n in_o all_o controversy_n about_o the_o aforesaid_a particular_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n so_o far_o as_o it_o agree'_v with_o the_o universal_a law_n of_o nation_n natural_a or_o divine_a be_v to_o be_v comprise_v under_o the_o same_o notion_n but_o as_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o some_o certain_a nation_n with_o who_o it_o be_v in_o use_n divers_a principal_a head_n and_o determination_n of_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o universal_a law_n be_v so_o make_v use_n of_o it_o most_o clear_o fall_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o some_o nation_n last_o as_o it_o be_v receive_v and_o use_v at_o home_n by_o some_o particular_a people_n in_o their_o court_n of_o judicature_n it_o be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o divers_a nation_n and_o thus_o have_v give_v you_o a_o plain_a scheme_n of_o the_o law_n in_o all_o those_o various_a notion_n
when_o it_o dive_v into_o the_o contemplation_n or_o debate_n of_o religious_a matter_n it_o have_v often_o be_v most_o deserve_o restrain_v by_o certain_a set-maxim_n principle_n and_o rule_n of_o holy_a writ_n as_o religious_a bolt_n and_o bar_n upon_o the_o soul_n lest_o it_o shall_v wantonise_v and_o wander_v either_o into_o the_o old_a error_n of_o most_o age_n and_o nation_n or_o after_o the_o new_a device_n of_o a_o ramble_a fancy_n and_o true_o such_o a_o course_n as_o this_o have_v ever_o be_v observe_v in_o religious_a government_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o humane_a and_o so_o humane_a that_o they_o reflect_v only_o upon_o matter_n of_o duty_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n and_o be_v not_o forbid_v by_o any_o command_n of_o god_n of_o which_o kind_n you_o can_v so_o much_o as_o imagine_v any_o thing_n more_o plain_o to_o be_v than_o a_o distinction_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o territory_n and_o the_o manner_n thereof_o which_o be_v whole_o ground_v upon_o the_o consent_n of_o man_n that_o which_o shall_v be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n natural_a be_v no_o less_o right_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n placart_n and_o receive_v custom_n of_o divers_a age_n and_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a than_o it_o may_v be_v collect_v what_o every_o clime_n will_v or_o will_v not_o bear_v by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o country_n shrub_n tree_n plant_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o body_n of_o husbandry_n for_o as_o many_o nation_n as_o have_v admit_v such_o a_o private_a dominion_n as_o we_o inquire_v after_o whether_o by_o a_o law_n civil_a or_o domestic_a of_o their_o own_o or_o by_o any_o law_n common_a to_o themselves_o and_o their_o neighbor-nation_n be_v either_o to_o be_v allow_v competent_a witness_n of_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n so_o far_o as_o there_o be_v any_o use_n of_o it_o here_o or_o else_o it_o must_v be_v say_v which_o i_o believ_n no_o man_n dream_n that_o so_o many_o and_o those_o the_o more_o famous_a nation_n have_v for_o so_o many_o age_n err_v against_o nature_n concern_v the_o law_n natural_a justinian_n say_v naturale_fw-la quod_fw-la naturalis_fw-la ratio_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la constituit_fw-la id_fw-la apud_fw-la omnes_fw-la populos_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr custoditur_fw-la vocatúrque_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la quasi_fw-la quo_fw-la jure_fw-la omnes_fw-la gentes_fw-la utuntur_fw-la what_o natural_a reason_n establish_v among_o all_o man_n that_o be_v observe_v by_o all_o people_n alike_o and_o be_v call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o law_n which_o all_o nation_n use_v and_o caius_n domino_fw-la jus_fw-la gentium_fw-la ratione_fw-la naturali_fw-la inter_fw-la omnes_fw-la homines_fw-la peraequè_fw-fr servatur_fw-la the_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v by_o natural_a reason_n observe_v alike_o among_o all_o man_n but_o where_o be_v all_o nation_n it_o be_v not_o yet_o discover_v how_o many_o there_o be_v much_o less_o upon_o what_o custom_n they_o have_v agree_v nor_o be_v that_o in_o any_o wise_a find_v in_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o those_o nation_n that_o be_v discover_v which_o some_o notwithstanding_o embrace_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n permissive_a what_o have_v the_o midland_n nation_n to_o do_v with_o that_o law_n concern_v the_o confiscation_n of_o wreck_n at_o sea_n which_o have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o english_a britain_n sicilian_n and_o some_o other_o nation_n border_v upon_o the_o sea_n the_o enslave_v of_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v grow_v out_o of_o date_n as_o a_o thing_n not_o permit_v among_o christian_a nation_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v in_o use_n still_o among_o the_o mahometan_n in_o vain_a therefore_o be_v a_o rule_n and_o direction_n seek_v here_o out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n but_o especial_o see_v some_o be_v not_o want_v who_o non_fw-la foedera_fw-la legum_n ulla_n colunt_fw-la placidas_fw-la aut_fw-la jura_n tenentia_fw-la mentes_fw-la who_o neither_o league_n nor_o lawful_a compact_n bind_v nor_o law_n that_o rule_n and_o pacify_v man_n mind_n as_o he_o say_v 4._o of_o the_o bebrycian_o that_o there_o have_v be_v some_o such_o nation_n be_v express_o record_v also_o by_o 6._o aristotle_n and_o sallust_n out_o of_o the_o mouth_n of_o jugurthino_n hiempsal_n say_v concern_v the_o getuli_n and_o libian_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o africa_n neque_fw-la moribus_fw-la neque_fw-la lege_fw-la neque_fw-la imperio_fw-la cujusquam_fw-la regebantur_fw-la they_o be_v rule_v neither_o by_o custom_n nor_o by_o law_n nor_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n concern_v the_o catilinar_a aborigines_n genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la agreste_fw-la sine_fw-la legibus_fw-la sine_fw-la imperio_fw-la liberum_fw-la atque_fw-la solutum_fw-la a_o rude_a sort_n of_o man_n without_o law_n without_o government_n free_a and_o dissolute_a therefore_o we_o must_v have_v recours_fw-fr hear_v unto_o the_o more_o civilise_a and_o more_o eminent_a nation_n of_o the_o past_a and_o present_a age_n and_o of_o such_o who_o custom_n we_o be_v best_a acquaint_v with_o and_o among_o they_o true_o not_o only_o such_o as_o those_o very_a nation_n who_o it_o may_v chief_o concern_v here_o have_v ever_o high_o esteem_v but_o also_o those_o nation_n who_o be_v concern_v at_o present_a shall_v be_v prove_v competent_a witness_n but_o of_o the_o testimony_n that_o we_o intend_v to_o use_v there_o be_v a_o twofold_a kind_n some_o be_v those_o which_o show_v that_o a_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n have_v be_v by_o historian_n and_o other_o writer_n almost_o in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v and_o grant_v to_o prince_n people_n and_o other_o other_o testimony_n there_o be_v which_o demonstrate_v out_o of_o lawyer_n also_o by_o league_n and_o treaty_n and_o other_o particular_n of_o that_o nature_n that_o such_o a_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n agreeable_a unto_o law_n both_o which_o we_o interweav_v as_o the_o order_n of_o thing_n direct_n we_o but_o yet_o so_o that_o what_o matter_n either_o of_o fact_n or_o law_n do_v appertain_v unto_o the_o british_a sea_n be_v whole_o pretermit_v in_o this_o collection_n of_o testimony_n with_o a_o intent_n to_o dispose_v they_o apart_o in_o the_o second_o book_n and_o so_o at_o length_n it_o will_v be_v very_o clear_o manifest_v together_o both_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o also_o what_o the_o common_a law_n of_o divers_a nation_n and_o last_o what_o the_o natural_a permissive_a law_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v to_o be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o nation_n have_v determine_v touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o manner_n whereby_o the_o law_n permissive_a touch_v private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o custom_n of_o many_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o there_o be_v testimony_n hereof_o manifest_a enough_o in_o the_o fabulous_a age._n also_o a_o word_n by_o the_o way_n touch_v the_o mediterranean_a sea_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o roman_n when_o the_o command_n thereof_o be_v commit_v to_o cneius_n pompeius_n chap._n viii_o the_o age_n out_o of_o who_o monument_n and_o action_n the_o aforesaid_a custom_n determination_n and_o decree'_v of_o people_n and_o nation_n be_v to_o be_v derive_v i_o divide_v into_o two_o part_n into_o the_o fabulous_a age_n and_o the_o historical_a but_o we_o do_v not_o according_a to_o varro_n call_v that_o fabulous_a which_o whole_o precede_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o olympiad_n but_o that_o which_o be_v obscure_v only_o by_o the_o most_o ancient_a fable_n at_o least_o under_o a_o fabulous_a representation_n the_o historical_a be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n divide_v into_o that_o which_o be_v more_o ancient_a and_o comprehend'_v the_o custom_n of_o such_o empire_n and_o commonwealth_n as_o expire_v some_o age_n past_a and_o into_o that_o which_o be_v modern_a and_o shew_v the_o practice_n of_o those_o nation_n in_o the_o present_a case_n which_o be_v now_o in_o be_v but_o in_o apply_v our_o selus_fw-la unto_o the_o fabulous_a age_n we_o do_v not_o ground_n argument_n upon_o fable_n as_o they_o be_v mere_a fable_n but_o we_o manifest_a historical_a truth_n out_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a historian_n though_o wrap_v up_o in_o the_o mystery_n of_o heathen_a priest_n and_o poet_n for_o as_o 11._o lactantius_n say_v well_o even_o those_o thing_n which_o the_o poet_n speak_v be_v true_a but_o cover_v under_o a_o certain_a veil_n or_o figure_n and_o yet_o they_o have_v so_o veil_v the_o truth_n with_o fiction_n that_o the_o truth_n itself_o may_v not_o take_v off_o from_o the_o common_a belief_n of_o the_o people_n they_o write_v that_o in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n aforementioned_a the_o titan_n be_v subdue_v the_o brother-deity_n jupiter_n pluto_n and_o neptune_n divide_v the_o world_n by_o lot_n and_o that_o heaven_n be_v allot_v unto_o jupiter_n hell_n to_o pluto_n the_o sea_n to_o neptune_n but_o omit_v
against_o those_o pirate_n as_o enemy_n of_o humane_a society_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o see_v commission_n daily_o grant_v against_o pirate_n that_o rob_v and_o spoil_v in_o any_o sea_n not_o yet_o possess_v but_o that_o very_a sea-territorie_n which_o the_o cilician_o have_v invade_v be_v recover_v by_o arms._n from_o whence_o 4._o manilius_n break_v his_o forth_o in_o a_o poetical_a rapture_n quis_fw-la te_fw-la niliaco_n peritarum_fw-la littore_fw-la magne_n post_fw-la victas_fw-la mithridatis_n open_v pelagúsque_fw-la receptum_fw-la crederet_fw-la who_o will_v have_v think_v great_a pompey_n when_o for_o rome_n thou_o mithridates_n force_n have_v o'recom_v and_o do_v from_o pirate_n hand_n the_o sea_n restore_v thou_o shall_v have_v perish'ton_a the_o egyptian_a shore_n therefore_o lactantius_n ought_v not_o so_o much_o to_o have_v resemble_v neptune_n to_o pompey_n as_o to_z the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o sea_n other_o matter_n there_o be_v in_o the_o fabulous_a time_n which_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o god_n may_v seem_v to_o show_v what_o opinion_n the_o ancient_n be_v of_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o custom_n of_o man_n in_o this_o particular_a for_o when_o they_o clothe_v their_o god_n with_o the_o person_n of_o man_n they_o common_o speak_v such_o thing_n of_o they_o as_o belong_v unto_o man_n from_o whence_o hâ—siod_n say_v jupiter_n grant_v unto_o hecate_n that_o she_o shall_v possess_v part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n hereunto_o also_o belong_v that_o of_o oppianus_n concern_v 1._o amphitrite_n be_v make_v queen_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o neptune_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o constitute_v her_o queen_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o nonnus_n 34._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d beroë_n have_v the_o empire_n or_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n instance_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v innumerable_a and_o therefore_o thus_o much_o concern_v the_o fabulous_a time_n the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o greek_n in_o the_o historical_a age_n that_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o king_n minos_n or_o the_o cretan_a chap._n ix_o the_o former_a part_n of_o the_o historical_a time_n or_o that_o which_o comprehend'_v kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o expire_v some_o age_n since_o we_o begin_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o cretan_n at_o sea_n afterward_o we_o trace_v a_o catalogue_n not_o only_o of_o very_o many_o people_n of_o old_a greece_n and_o other_o nation_n famous_a heretofore_o in_o the_o east_n of_o like_a command_n and_o dominion_n in_o the_o syrian_a egyptian_a pamphilian_a lydian_a and_o aegean_a sea_n and_o the_o several_a change_n thereof_o but_o also_o we_o show_v that_o the_o dominion_n both_o of_o the_o roman_n and_o carthaginian_n in_o their_o adjoin_a sea_n as_o the_o upper_a the_o low_a the_o more_o easterly_a sea_n also_o and_o other_o of_o that_o kind_n in_o the_o west_n have_v be_v receive_v into_o custom_n as_o a_o thing_n very_o usual_a and_o agreeable_a to_o law_n i._o minos_n the_o son_n of_o lycastus_n say_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o jupiter_n king_n of_o candia_n crete_n possess_v the_o cretan_a sea_n on_o every_o side_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o levant_n aegean_a as_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n so_o say_v thucydides_n 1._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d minos_n hold_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o greek_a sea_n as_o lord_n thereof_o so_o true_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v to_o be_v construe_v both_o here_o and_o in_o the_o follow_a instance_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wise_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o so_o to_o have_v command_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_o signifie'_v can_v be_v otherwise_o mean_v than_o very_o plain_o thus_o that_o any_o one_o who_o be_v lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v act_n as_o deputy_n or_o by_o permission_n of_o he_o who_o be_v lord_n may_v prescribe_v rule_n and_o law_n to_o the_o number_n of_o other_o man_n ship_n and_o passage_n toll_v or_o tribute_n throughout_o the_o several_a limit_n of_o the_o sea_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o he_o withold_n or_o permit_n the_o use_n of_o his_o land_n to_o husbandman_n according_a to_o his_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v all_o one_o howsoêver_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d sometime_o signifie'_v only_o 209._o to_o be_v strong_a and_o powerful_a in_o ship_v in_o like_a manner_n 4._o diodorus_n siculus_n 42._o nicolaus_n damascenus_n 10._o strabo_n 11._o cedrenus_n minoe_n suidas_n and_o other_o speak_v express_o and_o phaedra_n likewise_o in_o seneca_n 1._o o_o magna_fw-la vasti_fw-la creta_n dominatrix_fw-la freti_fw-la cujus_fw-la per_fw-la omne_fw-la littus_fw-la innumerae_fw-la rate_n tenuere_fw-la pontum_fw-la quicquid_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la tenus_fw-la tellure_n nereus_n pervium_fw-la rostris_fw-la secat_fw-la o_o mighty_a crect_n thou_o mistress_n of_o the_o main_a 765._o who_o many_o ship_n have_v fill_v both_o sea_n and_o shore_n as_o far_o as_o nereus_n do_v to_o ashur_n land_n plough_v out_o a_o passage_n with_o his_o stemm_n and_o oar_n and_o the_o first_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v the_o first_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o possess_v but_o remain_v vacant_a from_o whence_o this_o kind_n of_o dominion_n do_v arise_v they_o attribute_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unto_o minos_n but_o there_o be_v a_o error_n touch_v this_o matter_n in_o jerom_n traslation_n of_o the_o chronicle_n of_o eusebius_n nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o unless_o we_o will_v careless_o neglect_v that_o which_o in_o plain_a term_n may_v seem_v to_o oppose_v the_o most_o eminent_a sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n among_o the_o grecian_n the_o translation_n run_v thus_o minos_n mare_fw-la obtinuit_fw-la &_o cretensibus_fw-la leges_fw-la dedit_fw-la ut_fw-la paradius_fw-la memorat_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la minos_n possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n as_o paradius_fw-la record_v which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o what_o then_o do_v plato_n prove_v it_o to_o be_v false_o that_o minos_n give_v law_n to_o the_o cretan_n and_o hold_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o that_o either_o of_o they_o be_v false_a the_o place_n be_v plain_o fall_v and_o very_a much_o corrupt_v both_o in_o the_o feign_a name_n of_o paradius_fw-la a_o author_n never_o hear_v of_o in_o any_o other_o place_n as_o also_o in_o the_o very_a translation_n of_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n paradius_fw-la i_o know_v not_o by_o what_o negligence_n for_o i_o will_v not_o believ_n it_o of_o jerom_n a_o pious_a and_o most_o learned_a man_n but_o perhaps_o of_o some_o smatterer_n in_o learning_n who_o presume_v to_o enlarge_v those_o brief_a summarie_a discourse_n of_o his_o in_o that_o chronicle_n do_v arise_v even_o from_o para_n dios_n that_o be_v ex_fw-la jove_n from_o jupiter_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o greek_a word_n of_o eusebius_n for_o there_o eusebius_n say_v temporum_fw-la minos_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d possess_v the_o sea_n and_o give_v law_n unto_o the_o cretan_n which_o he_o bring_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o jupiter_n out_o of_o the_o cave_n where_o he_o have_v retire_v himself_o for_o nine_o year_n touch_v those_o law_n receive_v from_o minos_n which_o 6._o expire_v not_o before_o crete_n be_v subdue_v by_o caecilius_n metellus_n also_o concern_v his_o cave_n in_o mount_n ida_n and_o the_o nine_o year_n the_o matter_n appear_v very_o plain_a out_o of_o homer_n plato_n porphyry_n and_o other_o but_o in_o the_o greek_a of_o eusebius_n it_o immediate_o follow_v we_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o certain_o here_o signifie'_v id_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n in_o legibus_fw-la adprobat_fw-la seu_fw-la confirmat_fw-la that_o which_o plato_n in_o his_o law_n approve'_v or_o confirm_n for_o minos_n his_o receive_n of_o of_o such_o law_n be_v the_o very_a 1._o foundation_n of_o plato_n book_n concern_v law_n so_o little_a reason_n be_v there_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v translate_v quod_fw-la plato_n falsum_fw-la esse_fw-la convincit_fw-la aut_fw-la quod_fw-la plato_n refellit_fw-la which_o plato_n prove'_v to_o be_v false_o which_o plato_n disprove'_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o that_o eminent_a man_n joseph_n scaliger_n use_v far_o less_o diligence_n here_o then_o be_v meet_v or_o then_o he_o have_v be_v wont_a to_o do_v will_v have_v the_o latter_a to_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n for_o howsoêver_o according_a to_o the_o meaning_n and_o more_o common_a usage_n of_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v seem_v right_o translate_v yet_o the_o matter_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o signification_n of_o the_o word_n do_v manifest_o prove_v our_o trans-action_n to_o be_v true_a but_o we_o read_v the_o very_a same_o too_o according_a to_o jerom_n translation_n as_o copy_v out_o by_o marianus_n scotus_n 2944._o and_o florentius_n of_o
be_v by_o they_o deliver_v just_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v so_o discourse_n upon_o aristotle_n astronomy_n or_o the_o opinion_n of_o thales_n touch_v the_o earth_n float_v like_o a_o dish_n in_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o of_o the_o stoics_n of_o its_o encompass_v the_o earth_n like_o a_o girdle_n with_o that_o of_o the_o ancient_n concern_v a_o extreme_a heat_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a and_o other_o opinion_n of_o that_o kind_n which_o be_v reject_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o observation_n and_o experience_n of_o posterity_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o so_o much_o to_o search_v into_o the_o thing_n itself_o as_o to_o represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o author_n thereby_o to_o trace_v out_o his_o meaning_n only_o for_o the_o discover_n of_o his_o opinion_n but_o as_o the_o root_n be_v cut_v the_o tree_n fall_v so_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o ancient_a lawyer_n be_v remove_v out_o of_o the_o way_n all_o the_o determination_n of_o the_o modern_a which_o be_v support_v by_o it_o must_v be_v extreme_o weaken_v now_o therefore_o as_o to_o what_o have_v be_v former_o allege_v out_o of_o fernandus_n vosquius_fw-la it_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o argument_n as_o be_v either_o manifest_o fall_v or_o impertinent_a for_o what_o be_v this_o to_o the_o purpose_n that_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n to_o this_o present_a day_n be_v and_o ever_o have_v be_v in_o common_a without_o the_o least_o alteration_n as_o it_o be_v general_o know_v whereas_o the_o quite_o contrary_a be_v most_o certain_o know_v to_o those_o who_o have_v have_v any_o insight_n into_o the_o receive_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o age_n and_o nation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o by_o most_o approve_a law_n and_o custom_n some_o sea_n have_v pass_v into_o the_o dominion_n and_o partrimonie_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o private_a person_n as_o be_v clear_o make_v manifest_a out_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v you_o moreover_o also_o he_o 7._o will_v have_v prescription_n to_o cease_v betwixt_o foreigner_n in_o relation_n to_o each_o other_o and_o not_o to_o take_v place_n in_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o the_o civil_a only_o so_o that_o by_o his_o opinion_n prescription_n shall_v be_v of_o no_o force_n between_o those_o as_o between_o two_o supreme_a state_n or_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o indifferent_o subject_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o admit_n prescription_n than_o which_o not_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v say_v or_o imagine_v more_o absurd_a almost_o all_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o the_o intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n be_v establish_v by_o long_a consent_n of_o person_n use_v they_o do_v depend_v upon_o prescription_n or_o ancient_a custom_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o those_o prince_n who_o territory_n be_v subject_a heretofore_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o who_o afterward_o become_v absolute_a within_o themselves_o not_o only_o by_o arm_n but_o also_o by_o prescription_n which_o be_v every_o where_o admit_v among_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o prisoner_n of_o war_n be_v not_o now_o make_v slave_n among_o christian_n unless_o it_o be_v because_o that_o custom_n begin_v to_o grow_v out_o of_o date_n some_o age_n since_o upon_o a_o ground_n of_o 2d_o christian_a brotherhood_n and_o by_o prescription_n ratify_v betwixt_o nation_n whence_o be_v it_o that_o the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v some_o to_o the_o prince_n and_o some_o to_o the_o person_n that_o take_v they_o as_o for_o instance_n when_o the_o ransom_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o crown_n it_o go_v to_o he_o that_o take_v the_o prisoner_n when_o it_o exceed_v it_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o prince_n because_o say_v 4._o nicolaus_n boërius_n if_o it_o exceed_v as_o when_o any_o one_o have_v take_v a_o duke_n a_o count_n a_o baron_n or_o any_o other_o great_a man_n than_o it_o belong_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n england_n and_o spain_n it_o have_v by_o prescription_n of_o time_n be_v observe_v among_o prince_n and_o so_o it_o become_v law_n and_o true_o to_o deny_v a_o title_n of_o prescription_n whole_o among_o prince_n be_v plain_o to_o abrogate_v the_o very_a intervenient_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o for_o those_o other_o thing_n mention_v by_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v charity_n and_o the_o inexhaustible_a abundance_n of_o the_o sea_n whereby_o he_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o river_n and_o sea_n and_o other_o thing_n of_o the_o like_a nature_n they_o have_v no_o relation_n at_o all_o to_o the_o point_n of_o dominion_n as_o you_o have_v be_v sufficient_o tell_v already_o in_o the_o next_o place_n we_o come_v to_o the_o other_o to_o wit_n hugo_n grotius_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o thing_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a who_o name_n be_v very_o frequent_a in_o the_o mouth_n of_o man_n every_o where_o to_o maintain_v a_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n of_o the_o sea_n he_o have_v handle_v that_o point_n in_o two_o book_n in_o his_o mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la and_o in_o that_o excellent_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n &_o pacis_fw-la as_o to_o what_o concern_v mare_fw-la liberum_fw-la a_o book_n that_o be_v write_v against_o the_o portugal_n about_o trade_v into_o the_o indies_n through_o the_o vast_a atlantic_a and_o southern_a ocean_n it_o conte_v indeed_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v be_v deliver_v by_o ancient_a lawyer_n touch_v community_n of_o the_o sea_n yea_o and_o dispute_v for_o the_o profit_n and_o interest_n of_o his_o country_n he_o draw_n they_o into_o his_o own_o party_n and_o so_o endeavor_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n but_o he_o have_v so_o wary_o couch_v this_o subject_n with_o other_o thing_n that_o whether_o in_o this_o he_o do_v hit_v or_o miss_v the_o rest_n howsoëver_o may_v serve_v to_o assert_v the_o point_n which_o he_o be_v to_o handle_v moreover_o he_o discourse_v about_o the_o title_n of_o discovery_n and_o primarie_a occupation_n pretend_v to_o by_o the_o portugal_n and_o that_o also_o which_o be_v by_o donation_n from_o the_o pope_n and_o he_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n either_o sometime_o to_o quit_v that_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a community_n which_o many_o civil_a lawyer_n be_v eager_a to_o maintain_v and_o he_o himself_o in_o order_n to_o his_o design_n endeavour_v to_o confirm_v or_o else_o to_o confess_v that_o it_o can_v hardly_o be_v defend_v for_o concern_v those_o sea_n that_o be_v enclose_v by_o the_o ancient_a roman_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o sea_n say_v 5._o he_o differ'_v from_o the_o shore_n in_o this_o that_o the_o sea_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o some_o small_a part_n of_o itself_o be_v not_o easy_o capable_a of_o building_n or_o enclosure_n and_o put_v case_n it_o be_v yet_o even_o this_o can_v hardly_o be_v without_o the_o hindrance_n of_o common_a use_n nevertheless_o if_o any_o small_a part_n of_o it_o may_v be_v thus_o possess_v it_o fall_v to_o he_o that_o enter_v upon_o it_o first_o by_o occupation_n now_o the_o difference_n of_o a_o lesser_a and_o a_o greaâ—er_a part_n can_v take_v place_n i_o suppose_v in_o the_o determine_n of_o private_a dominion_n but_o in_o express_a word_n he_o except'_v even_o a_o bay_n or_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o a_o little_a after_o say_v he_o we_o do_v not_o speak_v here_o of_o a_o iâ—land_n sea_n which_o in_o some_o place_n be_v straighten_v with_o land_n on_o every_o side_n exceed_v not_o the_o breadth_n even_o of_o a_o river_n yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o this_o be_v it_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n speak_v of_o when_o they_o set_v forth_o those_o notable_a determination_n against_o private_a avarice_n but_o the_o question_n be_v concern_v the_o ocean_n which_o antiquity_n call_v immense_a infinite_a the_o parent_n or_o original_a of_o thing_n confine_v with_o the_o aër_fw-la and_o afterward_o he_o say_v the_o controversy_n be_v not_o about_o a_o straight_a or_o creek_n in_o this_o ocean_n nor_o of_o so_o much_o as_o be_v within_o view_v when_o one_o stand_v upon_o the_o shore_n a_o little_a far_o also_o speak_v of_o prescription_n he_o say_v 7._o it_o be_v to_o be_v add_v that_o their_o authority_n who_o be_v of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n can_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o question_n for_o they_o speak_v of_o the_o mediterranean_a sea_n we_o of_o the_o ocean_n they_o of_o a_o creek_n or_o bay_n we_o of_o the_o broad_a and_o wide_a sea_n which_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o the_o point_n of_o occupation_n and_o certain_o there_o be_v no_o man_n but_o must_v conceiv_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o possess_v the_o whole_a ocean_n though_o if_o it_o can_v be_v hold_v by_o occupation_n like_o a_o narrow_a sea_n or_o a_o creek_n or_o as_o
divine_a natural_a or_o of_o nation_n any_o thing_n which_o may_v so_o oppose_v the_o private_a dominion_n thereof_o that_o it_o can_v be_v admit_v by_o every_o kind_n of_o law_n even_o the_o most_o approve_a and_o so_o that_o any_o kind_n of_o sea_n whatsoëver_o may_v by_o any_o sort_n of_o law_n whatsoëver_o be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n which_o be_v the_o thing_n i_o intend_v to_o prove_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n touch_v the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n book_n ii_o the_o order_n or_o method_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v in_o this_o book_n the_o british_a ocean_n divide_v into_o four_o part_n chap._n i._n have_v make_v it_o evident_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v capable_a of_o private_a dominion_n as_o well_o as_o the_o land_n and_o that_o by_o all_o kind_n of_o law_n whether_o we_o serious_o consider_v the_o divine_a or_o natural_a or_o any_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoëver_o it_o remain_n next_o that_o we_o discourse_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o great_a britain_n in_o the_o sea_n encompass_v it_o about_o and_o of_o those_o large_a testimony_n whereby_o it_o be_v assert_v and_o maintain_v wherein_o this_o method_n be_v observe_v that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o premise_v both_o the_o distribution_n and_o various_a appellation_n of_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o in_o order_n to_o the_o discourse_n then_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v from_o all_o antiquity_n down_o to_o our_o time_n without_o interruption_n that_o those_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o so_o frequent_a alteration_n of_o the_o state_n of_o affair_n have_v reign_v here_o whether_o britain_n roman_n saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n and_o so_o the_o follow_a king_n each_o one_o according_a to_o the_o various_a latitude_n of_o his_o empire_n have_v enjoy_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o sea_n by_o perpetual_a occupation_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o use_v and_o enjoy_v it_o as_o their_o own_o after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n as_o a_o undoubted_a portion_n either_o of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o british_a empire_n or_o of_o some_o part_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o such_o as_o have_v rule_v it_o or_o as_o a_o inseparable_a appendant_a of_o this_o land_n last_o that_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v have_v a_o peculiar_a dominion_n or_o propriety_n over_o the_o sea_n flow_v about_o it_o as_o a_o bind_v not_o bound_v their_o empire_n but_o to_o borrow_v the_o term_n use_v by_o surveior_n of_o land_n as_o bound_v by_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o over_o the_o island_n itself_o and_o the_o other_o neighbour_a isle_n which_o they_o possess_v about_o it_o the_o sea_n encompass_v great_a britain_n which_o in_o general_a we_o term_v the_o british_a sea_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n according_a to_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n on_o the_o west_n lie_v the_o vergivian_n sea_n which_o also_o take_v the_o name_n of_o the_o deucaledonian_n where_o it_o wash_v the_o coast_n of_o scotland_n and_o of_o this_o vergivian_n wherein_o ireland_n be_v situate_a the_o irish_a sea_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v a_o part_n call_v in_o ancient_a time_n the_o britannia_fw-la scythian_a vale_n but_o now_o the_o channel_n of_o s_o t_o george_n so_o that_o as_o well_o that_o which_o wash_v the_o western_a coast_n of_o ireland_n as_o that_o which_o flowe'_v between_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n be_v to_o be_v call_v the_o british_a sea_n for_o not_o only_o this_o which_o of_o old_a be_v call_v great_a britain_n and_o sometime_o simple_o the_o aegyptiacà _fw-la great_a island_n but_o also_o the_o isle_n of_o ireland_n with_o the_o other_o adjacent_a isle_n be_v term_v britanniae_fw-la so_o that_o many_o time_n albion_n and_o ireland_n be_v equal_o call_v british_n isle_n and_o britannides_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o strabo_n ptolemy_n marcianus_n heracleötes_n pliny_n eustathius_n upon_o dionysius_n afer_n and_o other_o moreover_o ireland_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n 2._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d little_a britain_n and_o say_v ethelward_o a_o ancient_a writer_n 4._o they_o go_v to_o ireland_n call_v heretofore_o britannides_n by_o the_o great_a julius_n caesar._n perhaps_o he_o have_v a_o more_o perfect_a copy_n of_o julius_n caesar_n book_n for_o in_o none_o of_o his_o commentary_n which_o we_o use_v be_v ireland_n call_v by_o that_o name_n and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o 7._o learned_a man_n that_o that_o book_n have_v be_v maim_v and_o alter_v by_o one_o julius_n celsus_n who_o name_n we_o find_v now_o and_o then_o in_o the_o manuscript_n copies_n towards_o the_o north_n this_o sea_n be_v name_v the_o northern_a caledonian_n and_o deucaledonian_n sea_n wherein_o lie_v scatter_v the_o orcades_n island_n thule_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v the_o british_a or_o albionian_a isle_n yea_o and_o 218._o britannides_n give_v name_n to_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n and_o indeed_o thule_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o be_v island_n other_o and_o that_o with_o most_o reason_n do_v conceiv_o it_o to_o be_v the_o big_a of_o the_o 850._o shetland_n or_o zetland_n isle_n call_v â—hilensel_n by_o the_o dimensione_n seaman_n and_o some_o there_o be_v again_o that_o think_v otherwise_o be_v of_o old_a not_o only_o term_v a_o british_a isle_n but_o also_o by_o some_o express_o place_v in_o britain_n itself_o mahumedes_n acharranides_n a_o arabian_a call_v likewise_o aracensis_n and_o albategnius_n a_o famous_a mathematician_n who_o live_v above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n ago_o say_v 6._o some_o observe_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o earth_n from_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n towards_o the_o north_n have_v find_v it_o to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o isle_n thule_n which_o be_v in_o britain_n where_o the_o long_a day_n be_v xx_o â—ours_n that_o be_v to_o say_v ptolemy_n and_o his_o â—ollowers_n who_o by_o draw_v a_o line_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o thule_n or_o the_o shetland_n isle_n through_o 63_o degree_n and_o a_o quarter_n of_o northern_a latitude_n have_v set_v it_o down_o for_o the_o utmost_a bind_v of_o the_o habitable_a world_n yea_o and_o some_o have_v use_v the_o name_n of_o thule_n for_o britain_n itself_o or_o england_n in_o time_n past_a the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n be_v wont_a to_o have_v trusty_a guard_n call_v barrangi_n constant_o attend_v his_o person_n who_o be_v take_v out_o of_o england_n as_o appear_v out_o of_o 2._o nicetas_n choniates_n and_o codinus_n also_o who_o be_v keeper_n of_o the_o palace_n constantinop_n write_v that_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o salute_v the_o emperor_n with_o a_o loud_a voice_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o english_a tongue_n but_o in_o the_o story_n of_o 2._o anna_n comnena_n the_o daughter_n of_o alexius_n it_o be_v say_v express_o that_o they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o island_n of_o thule_n in_o like_a manner_n all_o the_o island_n either_o know_v or_o hear_v of_o in_o this_o northern_a sea_n be_v at_o length_n call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o british_a the_o utmost_a bound_n whereof_o as_o also_o of_o thule_n itself_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n will_v have_v to_o reach_v unto_o 67_o degree_n of_o latitude_n or_o thereabouts_o and_o albategnius_n speak_v of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o look_n towards_o spain_n say_v 6._o there_o be_v xii_o british_a isle_n in_o it_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o beyond_o these_o it_o be_v not_o habitable_a and_o how_o far_o it_o stretch_v be_v unknown_a have_v make_v this_o preparation_n than_o we_o treat_v first_o concern_v the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o britain_n before_o they_o be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n next_o touch_v a_o dominion_n of_o that_o kind_n belong_v to_o the_o roman_n while_o they_o rule_v here_o continual_o and_o necessary_o accompany_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o island_n afterward_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a by_o such_o testimony_n as_o be_v find_v among_o the_o ancient_n that_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o other_o who_o enjoy_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o britain_n before_o the_o norman_n invasion_n have_v such_o a_o kind_n of_o dominion_n last_o according_a to_o the_o fourfold_a division_n of_o the_o british_a sea_n we_o set_v forth_o the_o ancient_a occupation_n together_o with_o the_o long_a and_o continue_a possession_n of_o every_o sea_n in_o particular_a since_o the_o norman_n time_n whereby_o the_o true_a and_o lawful_a dominion_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v the_o subject_n of_o our_o discourse_n may_v be_v draw_v down_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o twine_a thread_n until_o our_o own_o time_n moreover_o see_v both_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n do_v stretch_v to_o a_o very_a great_a latitude_n this_o to_o america_n that_o not_o only_o to_o island_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n but_o to_o part_n utter_o unknown_a and_o
what_o a_o extraordinary_a plentiful_a and_o gainful_a herring-fishing_a the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n use_v to_o have_v in_o the_o neighbour_a sea_n have_v first_o obtain_v leave_v from_o this_o castle_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n for_o the_o english_a have_v ever_o grant_v they_o leave_v to_o fish_n reserve_v always_o the_o honour_n and_o privilege_n to_o themselves_o but_o through_o a_o kind_n of_o negligence_n resign_v the_o profit_n to_o stranger_n for_o it_o be_v almost_o incredible_a what_o a_o vast_a sum_n of_o mâ—nie_n the_o hollander_n make_v by_o this_o fish_n upon_o our_o coast._n so_o he_o there_o be_v another_o man_n also_o of_o very_o great_a skill_n and_o knowledge_n in_o sea-affair_n who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o q._n elisabeth_n present_v a_o book_n to_o the_o parliament_n write_v in_o the_o english_a tongue_n about_o the_o commodity_n of_o fish_v wherein_o he_o write_v that_o the_o hollander_n and_o zelander_n every_o year_n towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o summer_n send_v forth_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o vessel_n call_v buff_n to_o fish_v for_o herring_n in_o this_o eastern_a sea_n 1580._o where_o before_o they_o fish_v they_o ask_v leave_v of_o scarborough_n which_o be_v his_o very_a word_n care_n be_v take_v also_o by_o proclamation_n in_o the_o time_n of_o 6._o k._n james_n that_o no_o foreiner_n shall_v fish_v in_o the_o english_a or_o irish_a sea_n or_o that_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o other_o isle_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n without_o leave_v first_o obtain_v and_o every_o year_n at_o least_o reneâ—ed_a from_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v for_o this_o purpose_n at_o london_n and_o touch_v the_o liberty_n of_o fish_v grant_v at_o other_o time_n also_o to_o foreiner_n by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n there_o be_v many_o testimony_n in_o 35._o other_o writer_n but_o the_o cause_n why_o we_o do_v not_o often_o meet_v with_o the_o form_n of_o those_o licence_n grant_v either_o for_o passage_n or_o fish_n in_o the_o english_a sea_n be_v plain_o this_o because_o by_o the_o league_n that_o be_v make_v with_o the_o neighbour_n prince_n a_o licence_n or_o freedom_n of_o that_o kind_n as_o also_o of_o port_n shore_n passage_n and_o other_o thing_n be_v so_o often_o allow_v by_o both_o party_n that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o league_n be_v in_o force_n the_o sea_n serve_v as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o common_a field_n as_o well_o for_o the_o foreiner_n that_o be_v in_o amity_n as_o for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n and_o owner_n but_o yet_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o league_n sometime_o the_o fish_n be_v restrain_v to_o certain_a limit_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n chief_o to_o be_v consider_v the_o limit_n relate_v both_o to_o place_n and_o time_n so_o that_o according_a to_o agreement_n the_o foreiner_n in_o amity_n may_v not_o fish_v beyond_o these_o limit_n the_o k._n of_o england_n retain_v a_o dominion_n over_o the_o whole_a adjoin_v sea_n touch_v this_o there_o be_v a_o notable_a example_n in_o the_o time_n of_o our_o henry_n the_o four_o a_o agreement_n be_v make_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o septemb_n england_n and_o france_n that_o the_o subject_n of_o both_o may_v free_o use_v fish_v throughout_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o this_o side_n by_o the_o port_n of_o scarborough_n &_o southampton_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o the_o coast_n of_o flanders_n and_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n seine_n the_o time_n also_o be_v limit_v betwixt_o autumn_n &_o the_o kalend_n of_o januarie_n follow_v and_o that_o the_o french_a may_v secure_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o this_o agreement_n our_o king_n direct_v letter_n to_o that_o end_n unto_o all_o his_o sea-captain_n and_o commander_n here_o you_o see_v plain_o those_o limit_n whole_o exclude_v the_o french_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n and_o south-west_n and_o also_o from_o that_o which_o lie_v north_n east_n of_o they_o as_o be_v so_o limit_v by_o our_o henry_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n as_o its_o lord_n and_o sovereign_n nor_o be_v there_o so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o right_n or_o prerogative_n whereby_o the_o french_a king_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v any_o interest_n as_o a_o lord_n or_o owner_n in_o the_o set_n of_o these_o limit_n see_v that_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v seclude_v do_v not_o touch_v upon_o any_o shore_n of_o he_o in_o the_o north_n nor_o have_v he_o any_o country_n lie_v before_o the_o sea_n in_o the_o south_n except_o normandy_n or_o in_o the_o west_n the_o rest_n be_v hold_v either_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o bretaign_n or_o by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o we_o have_v already_o observe_v from_o hence_o true_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n for_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o give_v protection_n to_o fisherman_n that_o be_v stranger_n sometime_o by_o proclamation_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o fleet_n of_o man_n of_o war_n when_o they_o go_v to_o fish_n either_o by_o agreement_n make_v upon_o treaty_n or_o by_o leave_v obtain_v qualification_n be_v add_v according_a to_o the_o english_a king_n pleasure_n there_o be_v among_o the_o record_n of_o the_o time_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o a_o inscription_n pro_fw-la hominibus_fw-la hollandiae_fw-la etc._n etc._n for_o the_o man_n of_o holland_n and_o zealand_n and_o friesland_n to_o have_v leave_v to_o fish_v near_o jernemuth_n the_o king_n letter_n for_o their_o 5._o protection_n follow_v we_o thus_o the_o king_n to_o his_o belove_a and_o trusty_n john_n de_fw-fr buteturte_fw-fr warden_n of_o his_o port_n de_fw-fr jernemuth_n greeting_n for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o have_v be_v certify_v that_o many_o man_n out_o of_o the_o part_n of_o holland_n zealand_n and_o friesland_n also_o who_o be_v in_o amity_n with_o we_o intend_v now_o to_o come_v and_o fish_v in_o our_o sea_n near_o jernemuth_n we_o command_v you_o that_o you_o cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v once_o or_o twice_o every_o week_n that_o no_o person_n whatsoëver_o employ_v abroad_o in_o our_o service_n presume_v to_o cause_v any_o injury_n trouble_n damage_n hindrance_n or_o grievance_n to_o be_v do_v unto_o they_o but_o rather_o when_o they_o stand_v in_o need_n that_o you_o give_v they_o advice_n and_o assistance_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o pursue_v their_o own_o advantage_n without_o any_o let_v or_o impediment_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o we_o have_v cause_v these_o our_o letter_n to_o be_v make_v patent_n to_o continue_v in_o force_n till_o after_o the_o feast_n of_o st_n martin_n next_o ensue_v witness_v the_o king_n at_o wengham_n the_o xxviii_o day_n of_o september_n which_o be_v in_o the_o xxiii_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n and_o of_o our_o lord_n mccxcv_o the_o same_o day_n also_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o â—arl_n of_o holland_n and_o his_o subject_n he_o set_v forth_o three_o man_n of_o war_n towards_o the_o far_a coast_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o the_o safeguard_n as_o he_o say_v in_o another_o letter_n of_o those_o uessel_n belong_v to_o your_o and_o our_o own_o country_n that_o be_v in_o these_o day_n employ_v about_o the_o herring_n fish_v &c._n &c._n and_o to_o guard_v your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n here_o he_o grant_n a_o protection_n to_o fish_n and_o in_o both_o the_o letter_n he_o limit_n it_o within_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n he_o alone_o also_o protect_v the_o fisherman_n upon_o the_o geâ—man_a coast_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o nearness_n he_o call_v here_o your_o coast_n near_o the_o sea_n in_o his_o letter_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holland_n as_o well_o as_o upon_o the_o english_a nor_o may_v the_o fisherman_n use_v any_o other_o kind_n of_o vessel_n but_o that_o which_o be_v prescribe_v by_o our_o king_n upon_o which_o account_n all_o kind_n of_o fish_v be_v sometime_o prohibit_v and_o sometime_o admit_v this_o restriction_n only_o be_v add_v that_o they_o shall_v fish_v in_o such_o vessel_n only_o as_o be_v under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n this_o appear_v by_o those_o letter_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v direct_v unto_o his_o several_a governor_n of_o yarmouth_n scarborough_n whitby_n and_o donwich_n town_n seat_v upon_o the_o eastern_a shore_n the_o word_n be_v these_o 35._o forasmuch_o as_o we_o have_v give_v licence_n to_o the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a town_n and_z to_z other_o who_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o come_v unto_o the_o say_a town_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o fish_v that_o they_o may_v fish_v and_o make_v their_o own_o advantage_n with_o ship_n and_o boat_n under_o thirty_o tun_n burden_n any_o prohibition_n or_o command_v of_o we_o whatsoever_o to_o the_o contrary_a notwithstanding_o we_o command_v you_o to_o permit_v the_o fisherman_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a
to_o be_v present_v touch_v that_o business_n unto_o the_o king_n as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n king_n of_o france_n but_o only_o as_o king_n of_o england_n that_o be_v as_o lord_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n flow_v between_o and_o it_o be_v very_o improbable_a and_o not_o in_o reason_n to_o be_v admit_v that_o they_o will_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n for_o both_o lord_n and_o commons_o use_v to_o debate_v such_o matter_n a_o long_a time_n before_o they_o pass_v a_o bill_n that_o they_o will_v i_o say_v so_o upon_o deliberation_n require_v a_o impose_v of_o custom_n by_o the_o act_n of_o a_o english_a parliament_n in_o a_o place_n that_o be_v not_o subject_a as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o royal_a patrimony_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n as_o king_n of_o england_n from_o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o our_o present_a king_n charles_n do_v this_o last_o year_n declare_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o progenitor_n the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v in_o all_o time_n hitherto_o by_o a_o ancient_a and_o most_o just_a title_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o sea_n to_o wit_n in_o his_o 1634._o letter_n patent_n send_v to_o the_o maritime_a county_n of_o england_n whereby_o ship-monie_n be_v impose_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o dominion_n by_o sea_n add_v moreover_o hereunto_o that_o in_o the_o agreement_n make_v betwixt_o our_o edward_n the_o first_o and_o guy_n earl_n of_o flanders_n about_o the_o wear_n of_o colors_z or_o flag_n in_o every_o ship_n and_o punish_v offender_n by_o sea_n william_n de_fw-fr leyburn_n be_v call_v londinensi_fw-la admiral_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr mire_n du_fw-fr dict_z roy_fw-fr d_o engleterre_fw-fr or_o admiral_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o the_o say_a king_n of_o england_n other_o testimony_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n there_o be_v in_o record_n touch_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o it_o have_v be_v receive_v and_o acknowledge_v according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n and_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n which_o i_o shall_v discourse_n of_o in_o the_o next_o place_n and_o after_o that_o concern_v the_o testimony_n of_o foreiner_n of_o divers_a testimony_n in_o our_o own_o law-book_n and_o the_o most_o receive_a custom_n whereby_o the_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v either_o assert_v or_o admit_v chap._n xxiv_o the_o seven_o of_o those_o head_n according_a to_o the_o former_a division_n which_o manifest_a the_o aforesaid_a dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n relate_n to_o our_o law-book's_a and_o the_o receive_a custom_n therein_o which_o prove_v it_o from_o the_o most_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v also_o in_o they_o many_o particular_n that_o may_v relate_v hereunto_o which_o be_v explain_v now_o and_o then_o touch_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o sea_n the_o english_a admiralty_n and_o other_o thing_n already_o handle_v but_o in_o this_o chapter_n we_o shall_v use_v either_o the_o determination_n and_o commentary_n of_o our_o own_o lawyer_n or_o chief_o such_o court-record_n as_o explain_v their_o opinion_n i_o confess_v indeed_o in_o some_o of_o the_o author_n of_o our_o law_n who_o write_v above_o cccl_o year_n ago_o or_o thereabouts_o after_o they_o have_v as_o the_o manner_n than_o be_v read_v through_o the_o civil_a law_n also_o they_o be_v so_o strict_a in_o follow_v those_o determination_n word_n for_o word_n which_o they_o find_v concern_v the_o sea_n in_o that_o law_n that_o when_o they_o treat_v the_o acquirendo_fw-la rerum_fw-la dominio_fw-la of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_v the_o dominion_n of_o thing_n they_o tranfer_v they_o into_o their_o own_o writing_n from_o thence_o it_o be_v that_o henry_n bracton_n who_o be_v a_o very_a famous_a lawyer_n at_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o say_v 6._o naturali_fw-la jure_fw-la communia_fw-la sunt_fw-la omne_fw-la haec_fw-la aqua_fw-la profluens_fw-la aër_fw-la &_o mare_n &_o litora_fw-la maris_fw-la quasi_fw-la maris_fw-la accessoria_fw-la by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v common_a run_v water_n the_o aër_fw-la and_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o accessory_n or_o dependent_n of_o the_o sea_n also_o aedificia_fw-la si_fw-la in_o mari_fw-fr five_o in_fw-la litore_fw-la posita_fw-la fuerint_fw-la aedificantium_fw-la sunt_fw-la de_fw-la jure_fw-la gentium_fw-la if_o building_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o sea_n or_o upon_o the_o shore_n they_o become_v they_o that_o build_v they_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o jus_fw-la piscandi_fw-la omnibus_fw-la common_a est_fw-la in_o portu_fw-la &_o in_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la a_o right_a of_o fish_v be_v common_a to_o all_o in_o a_o haven_n and_o in_o rivers_n which_o we_o find_v likewise_o in_o purchas_n some_o other_o of_o our_o law-book_n of_o that_o age_n as_o a_o passage_n that_o fall_v from_o some_o writer_n of_o who_o i_o speak_v at_o large_a in_o the_o former_a book_n that_o be_v more_o affect_v than_o be_v meet_v with_o the_o word_n of_o ulpian_n and_o justinian_n in_o the_o general_a division_n of_o thing_n but_o these_o very_a man_n in_o other_o place_n show_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n do_v sufficient_o admit_v the_o king_n dominion_n by_o sea_n for_o bracton_n himself_o afterward_o speak_v of_o they_o that_o by_o the_o king_n grace_n and_o favour_n 57_o quieti_fw-la sint_fw-la de_fw-la theolonio_n &_o consuetudinibus_fw-la dandis_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la &_o mari_fw-fr &_o per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la be_v exempt_v from_o pay_v toll_n and_o custom_n throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o england_n in_o the_o land_n and_o in_o the_o sea_n and_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n both_o by_o land_n and_o by_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o same_o king_n time_n a_o freedom_n from_o some_o payment_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n 〈◊〉_d per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la tam_fw-la per_fw-la mare_fw-la quà m_fw-la per_fw-la terram_fw-la throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n as_o well_o by_o sea_n as_o by_o land_n and_o so_o bracton_n when_o he_o return_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o country_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o his_o king_n no_o less_o than_o the_o land_n and_o hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v also_o that_o inter_fw-la capitula_fw-la coronae_fw-la as_o they_o call_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o article_n or_o chief_a head_n whereof_o enquiry_n be_v to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a custom_n by_o judge_n delegated_a throughout_o england_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n we_o find_v this_o also_o de_fw-fr purpresturis_fw-la factis_fw-la super_fw-la dominum_fw-la regem_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o terrâ_fw-la sive_fw-la in_o mari_n etc._n etc._n of_o tenant_n pourpresture_n make_v upon_o our_o lord_n the_o king_n either_o on_o land_n or_o in_o the_o sea_n or_o in_o sweet_a water_n either_o within_o the_o liberty_n or_o without_o or_o in_o any_o other_o place_n whatsoëver_o and_o it_o be_v place_v among_o the_o article_n of_o this_o kind_n recite_v by_o a._n bracton_n himself_o and_o in_o the_o 20._o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v fleta_n but_o in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o law_n we_o call_v those_o thing_n pourpresture_n whereby_o detriment_n be_v do_v to_o any_o public_a place_n belong_v to_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o a_o public_a thoroughfare_n a_o river_n and_o the_o like_a so_o that_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o ordinary_a article_n touch_v pourpresture_n in_o the_o general_a form_n of_o enquiry_n the_o dominion_n or_o ownership_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o king_n no_o less_o than_o of_o the_o land_n or_o of_o public_a road_n or_o thoroughfare_n and_o river_n agreeable_a hereto_o be_v that_o article_n about_o any_o kind_n of_o salt-water_n be_v enclose_v by_o any_o subject_n or_o possess_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n which_o in_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o our_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v to_o the_o disherison_n of_o the_o king_n the_o word_n be_v there_o 33._o item_n soit_fw-fr enquis_fw-la de_fw-fr ceulx_fw-fr qui_fw-fr acrochent_fw-fr à _fw-fr eulx_fw-fr eaves_n salee_v en_fw-fr desheretison_fw-fr du_fw-fr roy._n and_o at_o this_o day_n enquiry_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v about_o that_o business_n by_o authority_n of_o the_o high_a admiral_n robert_n belknap_n also_o a_o eminent_a judge_n in_o the_o time_n of_o richard_n the_o second_o 46._o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n as_o a_o part_n of_o his_o english_a kingdom_n or_o of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o crown_n his_o word_n in_o the_o norman_a tongue_n run_v thus_o le_fw-fr mere_a est_fw-fr del_fw-it ligeans_n del_o roy_n come_v de_fw-fr son_fw-fr corone_fw-fr d'_fw-fr d'angleterre_fw-fr he_o add_v to_o his_o word_n in_o a_o remarkable_a way_n as_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n or_o as_o belong_v
to_o be_v renew_v by_o petition_n from_o seven_o year_n to_o seven_o year_n as_o a_o thing_n which_o for_o very_a many_o be_v not_o omit_v we_o answer_v that_o the_o fault_n of_o its_o omission_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o english_a but_o from_o the_o dane_n for_o that_o seven_o year_n licens_fw-la be_v petition_v for_o till_o the_o time_n that_o king_n christiern_n be_v expel_v about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n mdxx_o but_o afterward_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v renew_v because_o of_o the_o uncertainty_n to_o who_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v lawful_o belong_v and_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a expulsion_n of_o king_n christiern_n neither_o king_n frederick_n your_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o christiern_n your_o grandfather_n nor_o frederick_n your_o highness_n father_n ever_o urge_v any_o such_o petition_n for_o licens_fw-la but_o concieve_v former_a treaty_n sufficient_a which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n they_o will_v not_o innovate_v any_o thing_n after_o a_o prescription_n of_o very_a many_o year_n see_v they_o be_v otherwise_o sufficient_o secure_a that_o the_o same_o thing_n will_v never_o be_v attempt_v which_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o ordain_v such_o a_o licens_fw-la and_o to_o this_o end_n the_o letter_n of_o king_n frederick_n your_o highness_n father_n write_v to_o we_o and_o bear_v date_n the_o four_o of_o may_n anno_fw-la mdlxxxv_o be_v show_v to_o doctor_n craig_n purport_v that_o if_o the_o english_a abstein_v from_o do_v injury_n they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o wont_a liberty_n and_o favour_n without_o any_o mention_n or_o require_v of_o a_o petition_n for_o licens_fw-la whereas_o nevertheless_o we_o offer_v you_o that_o our_o merchant_n shall_v hereafter_o petition_v you_o from_o seven_o year_n to_o seven_o year_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a and_o long_o continue_a custom_n which_o offer_v we_o understand_v your_o highness_n will_v not_o admit_v for_o the_o most_o excellent_a queen_n will_v not_o otherwise_o acknowledge_v the_o jurisdiction_n and_o empire_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n in_o this_o sea_n than_o that_o the_o whole_a servitude_n or_o right_n of_o fish_v aforementioned_a there_o establish_v as_o aforesaid_a may_v as_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o ancient_a patrimony_n be_v retain_v to_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n and_o treaty_n also_o about_o this_o business_n in_o the_o year_n 1602._o mdcii_o but_o the_o controversy_n be_v defer_v nothing_o be_v conclude_v but_o it_o appear_v the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n have_v empire_n and_o dominion_n also_o in_o the_o sea_n which_o lie_v far_o more_o northerly_a than_o island_n to_o wit_n in_o that_o of_o groënland_n for_o this_o sea_n have_v never_o be_v enter_v by_o occupation_n nor_o use_v in_o the_o art_n and_o exercise_n of_o fisherie_n be_v first_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o our_o father_n render_v very_o gainful_a through_o a_o peculiar_a fish_n for_o whale_n by_o those_o english_a merchant_n of_o the_o moscovie-companie_n who_o â—ailed_v that_o way_n the_o use_n of_o a_o sea_n never_o enter_v by_o occupation_n and_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o profit_n be_v first_o discover_v do_v according_a to_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o claim_n give_v a_o dominion_n to_o the_o discoverer_n who_o claim_n be_v it_o in_o the_o name_n of_o another_o as_o here_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o sovereign_n of_o england_n as_o well_o by_o a_o corporal_a as_o intentional_a possession_n no_o otherwise_o than_o do_v the_o first_o both_o natural_a and_o civil_a possession_n of_o any_o other_o thing_n whatsoever_o that_o be_v never_o yet_o possess_v upon_o which_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o king_n james_n in_o his_o letter_n of_o credence_n give_v to_o the_o worthy_a and_o most_o accomplish_a s_n henry_n wotton_n knight_n his_o ambassador_n in_o holland_n and_o other_o employ_v by_o he_o to_o treat_v about_o that_o business_n do_v very_o just_o call_v the_o fishing_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n near_o the_o shore_n of_o groenland_n library_n acquire_v for_o we_o only_o and_o we_o by_o right_n but_o that_o we_o may_v at_o length_n conclude_v whatsoever_o have_v be_v discourse_v hitherto_o touch_v the_o right_a and_o sea-dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o ancient_a extent_n of_o their_o royal_a patrimony_n in_o the_o sea_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o sum_v up_o the_o whole_a in_o certain_a verse_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a hugo_n grotius_n of_o who_o law-writing_n so_o far_o as_o they_o concern_v either_o a_o private_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o a_o community_n we_o have_v speak_v in_o the_o former_a book_n which_o be_v very_o elegant_o write_v heretofore_o to_o k._n james_n upon_o his_o inauguration_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n say_v he_o 2._o tria_fw-la sceptra_fw-la profundi_fw-la in_o magnum_fw-la coiere_fw-la ducem_fw-la three_o sceptre_n of_o the_o deep_a their_o power_n do_v bring_v to_o make_v a_o trident_n for_o a_o mighty_a king_n and_o then_o address_v his_o speech_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v wont_a to_o receiv_v its_o motion_n from_o the_o moon_n sume_fw-la animos_fw-la à _fw-la rege_fw-la tuo_fw-la meliore_fw-la levatus_fw-la sidere_fw-la nec_fw-la cela_fw-fr populos_fw-la quocunque_fw-la calentes_fw-la sole_fw-la per_fw-la immensum_fw-la quem_fw-la circumvolveris_fw-la orbem_fw-la quis_fw-la det_fw-la jura_n mari._n take_v courage_n from_o thy_o roâ—al_a governor_n as_o by_o the_o influence_n of_o a_o better_a star_n and_o in_o thy_o course_n about_o the_o world_n explain_v to_o all_o mankind_n who_o it_o be_v that_o rule_n be_v the_o main_a and_o in_o another_o place_n licèt_fw-la omne_fw-la casus_fw-la magna_fw-la suos_fw-la metuant_fw-la jacobo_n promissa_fw-la potestas_fw-la cum_fw-la terris_fw-la pelagóque_fw-la manet_fw-la though_o all_o great_a thing_n a_o fall_n do_v fear_n yet_o james_n his_o power_n must_v stand_v be_v enlarge_v 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