Selected quad for the lemma: book_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
book_n	law_n	new_a	testament_n	2,758	5	8.1711	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64753	The reports and arguments of that learned judge Sir John Vaughan Kt. late chief justice of His Majesties court of Common Pleas being all of them special cases and many wherein he pronounced the resolution of the whole court of common pleas ; at the time he was chief justice there / published by his son Edward Vaughan, Esq.	England and Wales. Court of Common Pleas.; Vaughan, John, Sir, 1603-1674.; Vaughan, Edward, d. 1688.	1677 (1677)	Wing V130; ESTC R716	370,241	492

under_o such_o unlawful_a marriage_n shall_v be_v illegitimate_a and_o if_o any_o such_o marriage_n be_v in_o any_o the_o king_n dominion_n without_o separation_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o separation_n from_o the_o bond_n of_o such_o unlawful_a marriage_n now_o we_o must_v observe_v the_o act_n of_o 1_o &_o 2_o phil._n &_o mar._n c._n 8._o do_v not_o repeal_v this_o act_n entire_o of_o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 7._o but_o repeal_v only_o one_o clause_n of_o it_o the_o word_n of_o which_o clause_n of_o repeal_n be_v before_o cite_v and_o manifest_v this_o second_o clause_n of_o the_o act_n of_o 28_o h._n 8._o and_o not_o the_o first_o to_o be_v the_o clause_n intend_v to_o be_v repeal_v for_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o repeal_v the_o clause_n declaratory_a of_o marriage_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n which_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n always_o acknowledge_v nor_o do_v the_o word_n of_o repeal_n import_v any_o thing_n concern_v marriage_n within_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n but_o as_o the_o time_n than_o be_v there_o be_v reason_n to_o repeal_v a_o clause_n enact_v all_o separation_n of_o such_o marriage_n with_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v dispense_v shall_v remain_v good_a against_o his_o authority_n and_o that_o such_o marriage_n with_o which_o he_o have_v dispense_v not_o yet_o separate_v shall_v be_v separate_a and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o clause_n of_o repeal_n manifest_v the_o second_o clause_n to_o be_v intend_v viz._n all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o act_n make_v in_o the_o say_v eight_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o which_o concern_v a_o prohibition_n to_o marry_v within_o the_o degree_n express_v in_o the_o say_a act_n shall_v be_v repeal_v etc._n etc._n as_o it_o be_v true_a that_o if_o a_o marriage_n be_v declare_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n we_o must_v admit_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o by_o a_o law_n that_o be_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n it_o be_v so_o declare_v by_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o by_o a_o lawful_a canon_n a_o marriage_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n we_o must_v admit_v it_o to_o be_v so_o for_o a_o lawful_a canon_n be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o as_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o whatever_o be_v the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v as_o much_o the_o law_n as_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v so_o for_o what_o be_v law_n do_v not_o suscipere_fw-la magis_fw-la aut_fw-la minus_fw-la but_o by_o a_o lawful_a canon_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v enough_o and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o by_o a_o canon_n warrant_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n the_o marriage_n in_o question_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n therefore_o we_o must_v admit_v it_o to_o be_v so_o in_o a_o synod_n or_o convocation_n hold_v at_o london_n in_o the_o year_n 1603._o for_o the_o province_n of_o canterbury_n by_o the_o king_n writ_n and_o with_o the_o king_n licence_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n to_o treat_v consult_v and_o agree_v of_o such_o canon_n and_o constitution_n ecclesiastic_a as_o shall_v be_v there_o think_v fit_a several_a canon_n be_v conclude_v and_o agree_v to_o which_o king_n james_n give_v his_o royal_a assent_n and_o approbation_n and_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n ratify_v and_o confirm_v they_o according_a to_o the_o form_n of_o the_o statute_n make_v in_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 19_o and_o command_v the_o due_a observance_n of_o they_o among_o which_o the_o ninety_o nine_o canon_n be_v no_o person_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n and_o express_v in_o a_o table_n set_v forth_o by_o authority_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1563._o and_o all_o marriage_n so_o make_v and_o contract_v shall_v be_v adjudge_v incestuous_a and_o unlawful_a and_o the_o aforesaid_a table_n shall_v be_v in_o every_o church_n public_o set_v up_o and_o fix_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o parish_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o no_o person_n shall_v marry_v within_o the_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n and_o which_o degree_n be_v express_v in_o the_o table_n etc._n etc._n for_o to_o the_o question_n what_o be_v express_v in_o the_o table_n there_o can_v be_v no_o answer_n but_o the_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n but_o by_o this_o table_n this_o marriage_n in_o question_n be_v express_v to_o be_v in_o a_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n therefore_o it_o must_v be_v admit_v to_o be_v so_o another_o consequent_a be_v this_o that_o by_o this_o canon_n and_o consequent_o by_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n all_o marriage_n prohibit_v by_o that_o table_n be_v declare_v to_o be_v within_o the_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n note_v that_o any_o marriage_n unlawful_a by_o holy_a scripture_n be_v declare_v here_o to_o be_v against_o god_n law_n judicial_o no_o otherwise_o than_o because_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n the_o scripture_n itself_o be_v declare_v and_o approve_v to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n for_o the_o scripture_n can_v judge_v itself_o to_o be_v scripture_n without_o some_o judicature_n therefore_o by_o the_o six_o canon_n tempore_fw-la ed._n 6._o at_o a_o convocation_n in_o london_n anno_fw-la 1552._o the_o authority_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v declare_v 1552._o can._n 1552._o at_o a_o convocation_n of_o both_o province_n in_o london_n anno_fw-la 1562._o the_o canonical_a and_o apocryphal_a book_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n be_v particular_o enumerate_v 1563._o can._n 1563._o and_o the_o book_n of_o the_o new_a declare_v canonical_a as_o receive_v by_o the_o seven_o canon_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o old_a testament_n declare_v by_o the_o act_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o clergy_n of_o this_o kingdom_n nor_o any_o of_o they_o shall_v henceforth_o enact_v promulgate_v or_o execute_v any_o canon_n constitution_n or_o ordinance_n provincial_a by_o whatsoever_o name_n or_o name_n they_o may_v be_v call_v in_o their_o convocation_n in_o time_n come_v which_o shall_v always_o be_v assemble_v by_o authority_n of_o the_o king_n writ_n unless_o the_o same_o clergy_n may_v have_v the_o king_n most_o royal_a assent_n and_o licence_n to_o make_v promulge_fw-mi and_o execute_v such_o canon_n constitution_n and_o ordinance_n provincial_a etc._n etc._n the_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o court_n and_o according_o a_o consultation_n be_v grant_v in_o camera_fw-la scaccarii_fw-la edward_n thomas_n plaintiff_n thomas_n sorrell_n defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n by_o information_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n tam_fw-la pro_fw-la domino_fw-la rege_fw-la quam_fw-la pro_fw-la seipso_fw-la demand_n of_o the_o defendant_n four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n for_o sell_v wine_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o stepney_n in_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n by_o retail_n ninety_o several_a time_n between_o the_o ten_o day_n of_o june_n the_o seventeen_o of_o the_o king_n and_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o day_n of_o may_n the_o eighteen_o of_o the_o king_n to_o several_a person_n without_o licence_n contrary_a to_o the_o statute_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o whereby_o he_o forfeit_v five_o pound_n for_o every_o several_a offence_n which_o amount_v to_o four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o pound_n the_o defendant_n plead_v nil_fw-la debet_fw-la and_o therefore_o put_v himself_o upon_o the_o country_n the_o jury_n find_v that_o as_o to_o all_o the_o debt_n except_o fifty_o pound_n the_o defendant_n owe_v nothing_o and_o as_o to_o the_o fifty_o pound_n they_o find_v the_o statute_n of_o 7_o e._n 6._o c._n 5._o concern_v retail_v of_o wine_n prout_fw-la in_o the_o statute_n they_o find_v letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v 2_o febr._n 9_o jac._n ______o prout_fw-la in_o the_o letter_n patent_n whereby_o king_n james_n incorporate_v the_o company_n of_o vintner_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n by_o the_o name_n of_o master_n warden_n freemen_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o vintner_n in_o the_o say_a city_n and_o thereby_o among_o other_o thing_n grant_v for_o he_o his_o heir_n and_o successor_n to_o the_o say_a master_n warden_n and_o freeman_n of_o the_o say_a company_n and_o their_o successor_n that_o they_o may_v always_o after_o within_o the_o say_a city_n and_o suburb_n of_o the_o same_o and_o within_o three_o mile_n from_o the_o wall_n or_o gate_n thereof_o and_o in_o all_o and_o every_o other_o city_n and_o seaport_n call_v port-town_n within_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o in_o all_o other_o city_n and_o town_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o thorough-fare-town_n where_o post_n be_v set_v and_o lay_v between_o dover_n and_o london_n and_o between_o london_n and_o barwick_n where_o any_o of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o say_a mystery_n do_v or_o shall_v happen_v to_o dwell_v and_o keep_v a_o wine_n tavern_n and_o by_o themselves_o or_o servant_n sell_v wine_n by_o

this_o argument_n by_o say_v the_o dispensation_n in_o case_n of_o plurality_n be_v not_o alike_o with_o that_o of_o retain_v the_o former_a benefice_n when_o the_o incumbent_a be_v create_v bishop_n because_o in_o the_o case_n of_o plurality_n there_o be_v no_o actual_a avoidance_n and_o consequent_o no_o title_n to_o the_o patron_n to_o present_v before_o deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o dispensation_n prevent_v the_o deprivation_n which_o be_v a_o spiritual_a act_n wherewith_o the_o patron_n have_v not_o to_o do_v and_o by_o a_o consequent_a only_o prevent_v the_o avoidance_n it_o be_v resolve_v in_o holland_n case_n digby_n case_n rep._n holland_n case_n 4._o rep._n digby_n case_n 4._o rep._n and_o many_o other_o that_o the_o patron_n may_v present_v assoon_o as_o the_o incumbent_n be_v institute_v in_o a_o second_o live_v without_o deprivation_n and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v ancient_o so_o therefore_o that_o evasion_n be_v not_o material_a another_o answer_n have_v be_v likewise_o offer_v and_o pass_v in_o the_o new_a book_n for_o current_n that_o in_o the_o case_n of_o plurality_n the_o avoidance_n be_v by_o the_o canon_n law_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v dispense_v with_o by_o the_o same_o law_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o bishop_n make_v the_o avoidance_n be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n if_o canon_n law_n be_v make_v part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o land_n then_o be_v it_o as_o much_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o as_o well_o and_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n and_o if_o it_o be_v not_o make_v the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n then_o have_v it_o no_o more_o effect_n than_o a_o law_n of_o utopia_n therefore_o the_o canon_n law_n in_o force_n here_o be_v law_n of_o the_o land_n beside_o their_o meaning_n be_v to_o be_v learn_v who_o say_v a_o incumbent_n benefice_n make_v a_o bishop_n be_v void_a by_o the_o common_a law_n and_o not_o by_o the_o canon_n law_n the_o word_n of_o thyrn_a in_o that_o case_n 11_o h._n 4._o be_v who_o be_v then_o chief_a justice_n b._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 60._o b._n da._n rep._n f._n 81._o a._n &_o f._n 68_o b._n i_o suppose_v that_o when_o a_o man_n benefice_v be_v make_v a_o bishop_n it_o be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o holy_a church_n that_o his_o benefice_n become_v void_a and_o the_o same_o law_n which_o give_v the_o avoidance_n may_v cause_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v void_a and_o that_o concern_v the_o power_n of_o the_o apostle_n the_o common_a law_n do_v not_o prohibit_v plurality_n nor_o make_v a_o avoidance_n of_o his_o benefice_n when_o the_o incumbent_n be_v bishop_n but_o the_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a law_n of_o england_n obj._n 3_o hill_n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 77._o a._n per_fw-la hill_n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n that_o the_o incumbent_n be_v the_o bishop_n subject_n and_o the_o bishop_n his_o sovereign_n shall_v be_v unite_v the_o servant_n qua_fw-la servant_fw-la may_v as_o well_o be_v master_n the_o tenant_n qua_fw-la tenant_n lord_n the_o deputy_n the_o deputor_n the_o delegator_n the_o delagate_v which_o be_v impossible_a answ_n it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n that_o a_o person_n subject_a be_v so_o shall_v not_o be_v subject_a but_o no_o contradiction_n that_o a_o person_n subject_a shall_v cease_v to_o be_v so_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o incumbent_n cease_v when_o the_o rectory_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n the_o deputy_n be_v not_o when_o the_o principal_a officer_n execute_v the_o office_n in_o person_n and_o relation_n of_o lord_n and_o tenant_n destroy_v when_o the_o lord_n occupy_v the_o land_n himself_o if_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n shall_v enable_v every_o bishop_n to_o hold_v his_o former_a benefice_n no_o contradiction_n will_v follow_v nor_o do_v now_o by_o the_o dispensation_n and_o note_v all_o these_o reason_n deny_v the_o pope_n power_n former_o the_o archbishop_n now_o and_o the_o king_n be_v also_o for_o they_o be_v not_o reason_n against_o the_o power_n of_o the_o party_n dispense_n but_o that_o the_o subject_a matter_n be_v capable_a of_o no_o dispensation_n there_o be_v no_o inconsistence_n for_o a_o bishop_n to_o be_v a_o incumbent_n for_o he_o be_v a_o spiritual_a corporation_n and_o be_v patron_n of_o a_o live_n might_n and_o may_v have_v it_o appropriate_v that_o be_v to_o be_v for_o he_o and_o his_o successor_n perpetual_a incumbent_n b._n da._n rep._n f._n 80._o b._n the_o rectory_n of_o eastmeane_n and_o hambleden_n be_v appropriate_a ad_fw-la mensam_fw-la of_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n and_o many_o other_o in_o england_n and_o ireland_n so_o appropriate_v 253._o selden_n hist_o of_o tithe_n ●_o 6._o par_fw-fr 3._o f._n 8●_n b._n c._n 9_o par_fw-fr 2._o f._n 253._o every_o bishop_n many_o hundred_o of_o year_n after_o christ_n be_v universal_a incumbent_n of_o his_o diocese_n receive_v all_o the_o profit_n which_o be_v but_o offering_n of_o devotion_n out_o of_o which_o he_o pay_v the_o salary_n of_o such_o as_o officiate_v under_o he_o as_o deacon_n or_o curate_n in_o place_n appoint_v quest_n 2_o second_o question_n whether_o the_o pope_n former_o use_v to_o dispense_v in_o such_o a_o case_n and_o consequent_o the_o archbishop_n now_o can_v by_o the_o stat._n of_o 25_o h._n 8._o c._n 21_o 1._o case_n bishop_n of_o st._n davies_n case_n the_o particular_a dispensation_n grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o st._n davies_n in_o 11_o h._n 4._o be_v a_o full_a instance_n nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o argument_n of_o that_o case_n insist_v that_o the_o pope_n can_v not_o dispense_v with_o a_o bishop_n to_o retain_v or_o receive_v a_o benefice_n but_o the_o sole_a question_n be_v whether_o in_o that_o particular_a case_n because_o the_o benefice_n to_o be_v retain_v belong_v to_o the_o presentation_n of_o a_o churchman_n viz._n the_o bishop_n of_o salisbury_n the_o dispensation_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o a_o provision_n and_o so_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o provision_n 25_o e._n 3._o 2._o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 28_o h._n 8._o it_o appear_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n do_v grant_v faculty_n and_o dispensation_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n 16._o 28_o h._n 8._o c._n 16._o as_o plurality_n union_n tryality_n appropriation_n commendam_n exemption_n where_o commendam_n be_v enumerate_v and_o by_o that_o act_n all_o grant_v by_o the_o pope_n be_v make_v void_a but_o to_o be_v renew_v in_o the_o chancery_n 3._o procure_v commendam_n be_v so_o frequent_a in_o ireland_n 2._o 7_o e._n 4._o c._n 2._o that_o a_o special_a act_n of_o parliament_n be_v there_o make_v 7_o e._n 4._o against_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v purchase_v bull_n for_o any_o commendam_fw-la to_o put_v they_o out_o of_o the_o king_n protection_n 4._o a_o bastard_n institute_v and_o induct_v before_o deprivation_n b._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 78._o a._n &_o f._n 60._o a._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 76._o b._n a_o secular_a priest_n before_o he_o become_v regular_a whereof_o many_o be_v in_o england_n and_o thyrn_a say_v he_o know_v that_o edmond_n monk_n of_o berry_n who_o be_v with_o edward_n the_o three_o hold_v many_o benefice_n though_o a_o monk_n and_o plurality_n be_v ordinary_o dispense_v with_o by_o the_o pope_n 5._o a._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 38._o a._n hankford_n say_v he_o have_v see_v that_o the_o same_o man_n be_v abbot_n of_o glastenbury_n and_o bishop_n of_o another_o church_n simul_fw-la &_o semel_fw-la horton_n a._n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 76._o a._n the_o pope_n may_v grant_v that_o one_o man_n may_v hold_v three_o bishopric_n at_o a_o time_n which_o hankford_n agree_v if_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o patron_n for_o if_o without_o their_o consent_n it_o be_v not_o dispense_n to_o hold_v they_o but_o grant_v away_o the_o property_n of_o the_o patron_n which_o a_o dispensation_n can_v not_o henry_n beaufort_n uncle_n to_o henry_n the_o six_o b._n da._n rep._n f._n 80._o 77._o b._n have_v a_o dispensation_n to_o retain_v the_o bishopric_n of_o winchester_n be_v cardinal_n but_o it_o be_v ineffectual_a because_o obtain_v after_o he_o be_v cardinal_n cardinal_n woolsey_n obtain_v before_o he_o be_v cardinal_n a_o dispensation_n to_o hold_v the_o archbishopric_a of_o york_n and_o the_o abbey_n of_o st._n alban_n together_o with_o his_o cardinalship_n lindwood_n titulo_fw-la de_fw-la praebendis_fw-la cap._n audistis_fw-la b._n lindwood_n f._n 100_o b._n potestas_fw-la quae_fw-la secundum_fw-la antiqua_fw-la jura_fw-la dabatur_fw-la episcopis_fw-la ad_fw-la dispensandum_fw-la super_fw-la pluralitate_fw-la beneficiorum_fw-la restricta_fw-la est_fw-la saltem_fw-la in_o dignitatibus_fw-la &_o beneficiis_fw-la curatis_fw-la sed_fw-la circa_fw-la beneficia_fw-la simplicia_fw-la bene_fw-la poterunt_fw-la episcopi_fw-la dispensare_fw-la and_o in_o the_o same_o gloss_n in_o dignitatibus_fw-la &_o curatis_fw-la solus_fw-la papa_n dispensat_fw-la authority_n in_o the_o point_n that_o a_o rector_n of_o a_o church_n dispense_v with_o according_a to_o 25_o h._n

meaning_n can_v be_v give_v to_o his_o covenant_n according_o the_o new_a authority_n run_v ground_v upon_o that_o sound_n and_o ancient_a reason_n of_o law_n that_o the_o lessor_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v with_o a_o action_n upon_o his_o express_a covenant_n for_o enjoyment_n of_o the_o term_n against_o all_o man_n where_o the_o lessee_n have_v his_o proper_a remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n against_o this_o truth_n there_o be_v one_o book_n that_o have_v or_o may_v be_v pretend_v which_o i_o will_v cite_v in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o the_o answer_n to_o it_o may_v be_v more_o perspicuous_a from_o the_o authority_n i_o shall_v after_o deliver_v to_o redargue_v that_o case_n 8._o dyer_n 15_o 16_o eliz._n 328._o a._n pl._n 8._o it_o be_v the_o case_n of_o mountford_n and_o catesby_n in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n catesby_z in_o consideration_n of_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o a_o horse_n make_v a_o lease_n to_o mountford_n for_o term_v of_o year_n et_fw-la super_fw-la se_fw-la assumpsit_fw-la quod_fw-la the_o plaintiff_n mountford_n pacifice_fw-la &_o quiet_a haberet_fw-la &_o gauderet_fw-la the_o land_n demise_v durante_fw-la termino_fw-la sine_fw-la evictione_n &_o interruptione_n alicujus_fw-la personae_fw-la after_o catesby_n father_n enter_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o interrupt_v he_o whereupon_o mountford_n bring_v his_o action_n upon_o this_o assumpsit_fw-la and_o catesby_n plead_v he_o do_v not_o assume_v and_o find_v against_o he_o it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n for_o the_o defendant_n that_o the_o entry_n may_v be_v wrongful_a for_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v his_o remedy_n but_o disallow_v and_o judgement_n affirm_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n because_o say_v the_o book_n it_o be_v a_o express_a presumption_n and_o assumption_n that_o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v and_o this_o case_n be_v not_o express_o deny_v to_o be_v law_n in_o essex_n and_o tisdales_n case_n in_o the_o lord_n hobart_n as_o be_v a_o express_a assumption_n though_o the_o lord_n dyer_n case_v be_v a_o action_n of_o the_o case_n upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la and_o out_o case_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n yet_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o obligation_n there_o seem_v no_o difference_n but_o in_o the_o form_n of_o the_o action_n for_o to_o assume_v that_o a_o man_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o term_n quiet_o without_o interruption_n and_o to_o covenant_n he_o shall_v so_o enjoy_v it_o seem_v the_o same_o undertake_n but_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o law_n differ_v in_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o a_o covenant_n as_o seem_v employ_v in_o tisdales_n case_n than_o this_o case_n of_o the_o lord_n dyer_n make_v nothing_o against_o the_o case_n in_o question_n which_o be_v upon_o a_o covenant_n not_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la 35._o hob._n f._n 34_o 35._o 1._o elias_n tisdale_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o sir_n william_n essex_n and_o declare_v that_o sir_n william_n convenit_fw-la promisit_fw-la &_o agreavit_fw-la ad_fw-la &_o cum_fw-la predict_v elia_n quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la idem_fw-la elias_n haberet_fw-la occuparet_fw-la &_o gauderet_fw-la certain_a land_n for_o seven_o year_n into_o which_o he_o enter_v and_o that_o one_o elsing_n have_v eject_v he_o and_o keep_v he_o out_o ever_o since_o resolve_v because_o no_o title_n be_v lay_v in_o elsing_n he_o shall_v be_v take_v to_o enter_v wrongful_o and_o the_o lessee_n have_v his_o remedy_n against_o he_o therefore_o adjudge_v for_o the_o defendant_n essex_n here_o be_v a_o covenant_n for_o enjoy_v during_o the_o term_n the_o same_o with_o enjoy_v without_o interruption_n for_o if_o the_o enjoyment_n be_v interrupt_v he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v during_o the_o term_n the_o same_o with_o enjoy_v without_o any_o interruption_n the_o same_o with_o enjoy_v without_o interruption_n of_o any_o person_n which_o be_v the_o lord_n dyer_n case_n but_o here_o adjudge_v the_o interruption_n must_v be_v legal_a or_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n will_v not_o lie_v because_o there_o be_v remedy_n against_o the_o interrupter_n so_o be_v there_o in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n case_n and_o a_o rule_n of_o that_o book_n be_v that_o the_o law_n shall_v never_o judge_v that_o a_o man_n covenant_n against_o the_o wrongful_a act_n of_o stranger_n unless_o the_o word_n of_o the_o covenant_n be_v full_a and_o express_v to_o that_o purpose_n which_o they_o be_v not_o in_o our_o present_a case_n because_o the_o law_n defend_v against_o wrong_n brocking_n bring_v a_o action_n upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la against_o one_o cham_n and_o declare_v 10._o brocking_n versus_fw-la cham_fw-mi cr._n 15_o jac._n f._n 4._o 5._o p._n 10._o that_o the_o defendant_n assume_v the_o plaintiff_n shall_v enjoy_v certain_a land_n according_a to_o his_o lease_n without_o the_o let_v interruption_n or_o encumbrance_n of_o any_o person_n and_o show_v in_o fact_n that_o this_o land_n be_v extend_v for_o debt_n due_a to_o the_o king_n by_o process_n out_o of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o so_o encumber_v after_o verdict_n for_o the_o plaintiff_n it_o be_v move_v in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n that_o no_o good_a breach_n be_v assign_v because_o he_o do_v not_o show_v that_o the_o encumbrance_n be_v a_o lawful_a encumbrance_n for_o else_o he_o may_v have_v his_o remedy_n elsewhere_o and_o judgement_n be_v give_v for_o the_o defendant_n this_o case_n be_v upon_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la as_o the_o lord_n dyer_n be_v and_o by_o as_o ample_a word_n for_o the_o land_n be_v to_o be_v enjoy_v without_o any_o let_v which_o be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o word_n of_o quiet_a &_o pacifice_fw-la in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n case_n which_o be_v a_o case_n in_o terminis_fw-la adjudge_v contrary_a to_o that_o in_o the_o lord_n dyer_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o law_n in_o a_o assumpsit_fw-la as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o covenant_n viz._n because_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v his_o remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n chauntfloure_n bring_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o one_o pristly_a and_o doctor_n waterhouse_n as_o executor_n of_o john_n mountfitchett_n 4._o cr._n 45_o el._n f._n 914._o pl._n 4._o and_o declare_v that_o the_o testator_n have_v sell_v he_o nine_o and_o twenty_o tun_n of_o copras_n and_o agree_v that_o if_o the_o testator_n fail_v of_o payment_n of_o a_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n upon_o a_o day_n certain_a that_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v quiet_o have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o say_a copras_n that_o the_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o day_n and_o that_o he_o can_v not_o have_v and_o enjoy_v the_o say_v nine_o and_o twenty_o tun_n of_o copras_n judgement_n be_v give_v by_o nihil_fw-la dicit_fw-la against_o the_o defendant_n and_o upon_o a_o writ_n of_o enquiry_n of_o damage_n 260_o l._n damage_n give_v upon_o motion_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o the_o whole_a court_n that_o the_o breach_n of_o covenant_n be_v not_o well_o assign_v because_o no_o lawful_a disturbance_n be_v allege_v and_o if_o he_o be_v illegal_o hinder_v or_o disturb_v of_o have_v the_o copras_n which_o he_o have_v buy_v he_o have_v sufficient_a remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n dod_n be_v bind_v in_o a_o obligation_n to_o hammond_n condition_v that_o hammond_n and_o his_o heir_n may_v enjoy_v certain_a copyhold_n land_n surrender_v to_o he_o the_o defendant_n plead_v the_o surrender_n and_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n enter_v and_o may_v have_v enjoy_v the_o land_n to_o which_o the_o plaintiff_n reply_v that_o after_o his_o entry_n one_o gay_a enter_v upon_o he_o and_o out_v he_o it_o be_v adjudge_v the_o replication_n be_v naught_o because_o he_o do_v not_o show_v that_o he_o be_v evict_v out_o of_o the_o land_n by_o lawful_a title_n for_o else_o he_o have_v his_o remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n this_o be_v in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n upon_o a_o bond_n condition_v for_o quiet_a enjoyment_n so_o as_o neither_o upon_o covenant_n upon_o assumpsit_fw-la or_o bond_n condition_v for_o quiet_a enjoy_n unless_o the_o breach_n be_v assign_v for_o a_o lawful_a entry_n or_o eviction_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n of_o law_n because_o the_o lessee_n may_v have_v his_o remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n a_o action_n of_o covenant_n can_v be_v maintain_v case_n cok._n 4_o rep._n nokes_n case_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v a_o resolution_n in_o nokes_n his_o case_n in_o the_o four_o report_n where_o a_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o covenant_n in_o law_n that_o his_o lessee_n shall_v enjoy_v his_o term_n and_o give_v bond_n for_o performance_n of_o covenant_n in_o a_o action_n of_o debt_n bring_v upon_o the_o bond_n the_o breach_n be_v assign_v in_o that_o a_o stranger_n have_v recover_v the_o land_n lease_v in_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la and_o have_v execution_n though_o this_o eviction_n be_v by_o course_n of_o law_n yet_o for_o that_o a_o elder_a and_o sufficient_a title_n be_v not_o allege_v upon_o which_o the_o recovery_n be_v have_v

covenant_n for_o enjoyment_n against_o all_o man_n for_o a._n b._n and_o c._n and_o all_o other_o be_v all_o man_n therefore_o that_o difference_n that_o this_o be_v not_o a_o general_a covenant_n be_v differentia_fw-la soni_fw-la non_fw-la ponderis_fw-la and_o have_v no_o reason_n of_o law_n to_o diversity_n it_o from_o a_o general_a covenant_n objection_n it_o be_v smart_o object_v by_o my_o brother_n broome_n if_o the_o lessor_n shall_v not_o be_v charge_v upon_o his_o covenant_n for_o the_o tortuous_a entry_n of_o his_o assignee_n by_o this_o express_a covenant_n then_o be_v the_o covenant_n useless_a for_o by_o a_o covenant_n in_o law_n upon_o the_o lease_n itself_o he_o be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o a_o legal_a entry_n make_v by_o his_o assignee_n if_o this_o covenant_n have_v not_o be_v at_o all_o i_o answer_v it_o be_v not_o necessary_a the_o lessor_n and_o lessee_n shall_v understand_v what_o be_v covenant_n in_o law_n and_o therefore_o they_o may_v impertinent_o make_v a_o express_a covenant_n which_o they_o understand_v which_o be_v already_o supply_v by_o a_o employ_v covenant_n which_o they_o understand_v not_o as_o where_o a_o feoffment_n be_v make_v by_o dedi_fw-la &_o concessi_fw-la which_o be_v a_o warranty_n in_o law_n it_o be_v not_o rare_a to_o have_v a_o express_a warranty_n of_o the_o same_o extent_n with_o the_o warranty_n in_o law_n but_o there_o be_v a_o more_o close_a and_o solid_a reason_n why_o they_o be_v name_v in_o the_o covenant_n for_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v express_v the_o demise_n itself_o have_v be_v a_o covenant_n in_o law_n against_o the_o legal_a interruption_n both_o of_o they_o and_o all_o man_n else_o but_o by_o express_v a_o covenant_n against_o they_o the_o general_a covenant_n against_o all_o man_n be_v thereby_o restrain_v and_o not_o enlarge_v against_o they_o for_o now_o the_o lessor_n have_v covenant_v for_o enjoyment_n against_o the_o legal_a eviction_n of_o himself_o his_o executor_n administrator_n and_o assign_v and_o of_o no_o other_o this_o be_v clear_o resolve_v in_o nokes_n his_o case_n where_o a_o man_n by_o his_o deed_n grant_v and_o demise_v certain_a land_n for_o year_n which_o demise_n import_v in_o itself_o a_o covenant_n in_o law_n and_o he_o further_o express_o covenant_v for_o enjoyment_n against_o himself_o and_o all_o other_o claim_v from_o or_o under_o he_o which_o express_a covenant_n be_v narrow_a than_o his_o covenant_n in_o law_n and_o give_v bond_n for_o performance_n of_o covenant_n two_o point_n be_v resolve_v 1._o that_o this_o bond_n extend_v to_o the_o covenant_n in_o law_n 2._o that_o by_o the_o express_a covenant_n the_o covenant_n in_o law_n be_v restrain_v by_o popham_n opinion_n and_o all_o the_o court._n 3._o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v resolve_v before_o about_o 14_o el._n in_o the_o case_n of_o one_o hamond_n and_o sir_n ed._n coke_n in_o the_o close_a of_o the_o case_n say_v much_o inconvenience_n will_v else_o happen_v against_o the_o intention_n of_o party_n the_o express_a covenant_n in_o deed_n be_v different_a from_o the_o covenant_n in_o law_n usual_o 4._o it_o be_v there_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o real_a warranties_n as_o in_o covenant_n but_o it_o be_v at_o choice_n to_o take_v the_o warranty_n in_o law_n or_o the_o express_a warranty_n another_o objection_n be_v upon_o the_o case_n in_o 46_o e._n 3._o 4._o 46_o e._n 3._o f._n 4._o where_o the_o lessor_n out_v his_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o enfeoff_v another_o of_o the_o land_n who_o hold_v he_o out_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o lessee_n may_v have_v a_o quare_fw-la ejecit_fw-la infra_fw-la terminum_fw-la against_o the_o feoffee_n yet_o his_o action_n be_v good_a against_o his_o lessor_n but_o this_o case_n make_v nothing_o to_o the_o present_a case_n for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n the_o lessee_n have_v no_o action_n but_o of_o covenant_n against_o his_o lessor_n or_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la at_o his_o choice_n the_o quare_fw-la ejecit_fw-la infra_fw-la terminum_fw-la be_v give_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n 2._o cap._n 24._o for_o recovery_n of_o his_o term_n against_o the_o feoffee_n for_o a_o ejectione_n firmae_fw-la lie_v not_o against_o he_o because_o he_o come_v to_o the_o land_n by_o title_n of_o feoffment_n and_o not_o by_o tort_n and_o this_o new_a remedy_n by_o statute_n take_v not_o away_o the_o ancient_a at_o common_a law_n but_o the_o common_a law_n give_v not_o two_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o same_o injury_n as_o it_o will_v if_o the_o covenantor_n and_o the_o trespassor_n be_v both_o charge_v to_o answer_v the_o lessee_n and_o so_o the_o book_n resolve_v the_o book_n of_o 2_o e._n 4._o f._n 15._o may_v be_v object_v a_o man_n enfeoff_v another_o and_o enter_v into_o bond_n to_o warrant_v and_o defend_v the_o land_n for_o twelve_o year_n two_o judge_n the_o court_n rise_v seem_v to_o doubt_v whether_o the_o word_n defend_v may_v not_o extend_v to_o defend_v from_o entry_n etc._n etc._n the_o difference_n some_o take_v of_o a_o covenant_n to_o enjoy_v against_o one_o or_o more_o particular_a man_n and_o to_o enjoy_v against_o all_o man_n as_o if_o in_o the_o first_o case_n the_o covenantor_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o the_o tortuous_a entry_n of_o particular_a man_n but_o not_o where_o the_o covenant_n be_v against_o all_o man_n i_o understand_v not_o as_o if_o all_o particular_a man_n can_v they_o be_v enumerate_v be_v not_o the_o same_o with_o all_o man_n and_o as_o if_o some_o particular_a man_n be_v not_o a_o part_n of_o all_o particular_a man_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o law_n be_v the_o same_o for_o one_o as_o for_o all_o the_o party_n have_v his_o remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n and_o the_o covenant_n meaning_n no_o more_o whether_o against_o one_o or_o all_o than_o that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v a_o indefeasible_a title_n in_o law_n and_o be_v but_o in_o nature_n of_o a_o warranty_n the_o case_n which_o give_v colour_n to_o this_o opinion_n that_o if_o a_o man_n covenant_n for_o enjoyment_n against_o a_o particular_a person_n or_o person_n that_o he_o covenant_n as_o well_o against_o their_o tortuous_a entry_n as_o legal_a the_o case_n of_o wilson_n and_o foster_n against_o leonard_n mapes_n 32_o el._n remember_v in_o tisdels_n case_n in_o the_o l._n hob._n and_o report_v by_o crook_n 4._o hob._n f._n 35._o cro._n 32_o el._n f._n 212._o pl._n 4._o mapes_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o parsonage_n of_o brankister_n to_o wilson_n and_o foster_n for_o a_o year_n and_o covenant_v to_o save_v they_o harmless_a for_o that_o year_n profit_n against_o one_o blunt_a then_o parson_n of_o brankister_n who_o enter_v upon_o they_o and_o take_v the_o tithe_n in_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n bring_v against_o mapes_n by_o wilson_n and_o foster_n though_o they_o do_v not_o set_v forth_o any_o good_a title_n in_o mr._n blunt_n for_o that_o year_n profit_n it_o be_v judge_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n because_o say_v the_o lord_n hobert_n the_o covenant_n be_v to_o save_v they_o harmless_a for_o that_o year_n profit_n against_o such_o a_o man_n particular_o which_o import_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v damnify_v in_o that_o year_n profit_n by_o blunt_n which_o be_v more_o than_o to_o warrant_v the_o title_n for_o blunt_a may_v go_v beyond_o the_o sea_n die_v insolvent_a and_o so_o prevent_v they_o of_o their_o remedy_n for_o the_o profit_n so_o in_o crook_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o covenant_n be_v against_o a_o particular_a man_n it_o extend_v to_o his_o tortuous_a entry_n arguendo_fw-la but_o there_o it_o appear_v that_o blunt_n be_v parson_n of_o the_o rectory_n the_o court_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o his_o entry_n be_v legal_a and_o good_a and_o therefore_o the_o covenantor_n in_o that_o case_n be_v charge_v for_o a_o legal_a entry_n and_o not_o a_o wrongful_a so_o be_v the_o book_n express_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o case_n if_o a_o man_n upon_o sale_n of_o land_n refuse_v to_o give_v a_o general_a warranty_n against_o all_o man_n but_o narrow_n his_o warranty_n and_o give_v only_o against_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n this_o alter_v not_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o warranty_n as_o to_o make_v he_o any_o way_n answer_n for_o tortuous_a entry_n or_o to_o subject_v he_o to_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o his_o warranty_n against_o all_o man_n subject_v he_o so_o in_o a_o covenant_n upon_o a_o lease_n for_o enjoyment_n against_o he_o and_o his_o assign_v which_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o warranty_n for_o a_o chattel_n he_o shall_v not_o otherwise_o be_v charge_v by_o his_o covenant_n than_o if_o he_o have_v covenant_v that_o be_v warrant_v against_o all_o man_n hill_n 22_o &_o 23_o car._n ii_o c._n b._n rot._n 680._o william_n shute_n plaintiff_n john_n higden_n defendant_n in_o trespass_n and_o ejectment_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v

the_o lord_n of_o wales_n if_o it_o be_v not_o of_o land_n between_o the_o lord_n themselves_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a book_n remarkable_a to_o the_o same_o purpose_n 59_o 8_o e._n 3._o term._n mich._n 59_o speak_v of_o the_o common_a plea_n this_o court_n have_v more_o conuzance_n of_o plea_n of_o the_o welsh_a shire_n than_o it_o have_v of_o plea_n of_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n for_o the_o plea_n of_o quare_fw-la impedit_n and_o of_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a in_o wales_n shall_v be_v plead_v here_o and_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o of_o the_o county_n of_o chester_n 5._o fitz._n jurisdiction_n p._n 34._o 6_o h._n 5._o land_n in_o wales_n immediate_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n be_v pleadable_a in_o england_n per_fw-la haukford_n 6_o h._n 5._o no_o such_o book_n at_o large_a the_o law_n and_o doubtless_o the_o ordinance_n make_v by_o parliament_n mention_v in_o 18_o e._n 2._o concern_v lordship_n marcher_n be_v the_o same_o concern_v land_n hold_v in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v mention_v in_o the_o book_n as_o synonimous_a and_o be_v so_o for_o all_o lordship_n marcher_n be_v hold_v from_o the_o crown_n in_o chief_a nor_o can_v the_o king_n probable_o have_v other_o land_n in_o chief_a in_o wales_n beside_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n for_o all_o be_v either_o of_o lordship_n marcher_n or_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o principality_n and_o hold_v from_o it_o and_o not_o from_o the_o crown_n in_o chief_a to_o this_o purpose_n there_o be_v a_o ancient_a statute_n 28_o e._n 3._o very_a convince_a 2._o 28_o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o all_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n shall_v be_v perpetual_o attendant_n and_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v at_o all_o time_n before_o this_o in_o who_o hand_n soever_o the_o same_o principality_n be_v or_o shall_v come_v and_o they_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n and_o consequent_o not_o under_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n of_o wales_n 12_o e._n 1._o it_o be_v provide_v by_o a_o law_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v implead_v in_o england_n and_o the_o summons_n and_o trial_n to_o be_v by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o and_o in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n according_o you_o find_v the_o practice_n be_v by_o many_o ancient_a case_n remember_v but_o the_o year-book_n of_o e._n 2_o be_v never_o print_v wherein_o only_o that_o statute_n be_v mention_v otherwise_o than_o in_o fitzherbert's_a abridgement_n and_o the_o statute_n itself_o not_o extant_a give_v occasion_n to_o man_n obiter_fw-la in_o the_o time_n of_o h._n 6._o &_o h._n 7._o long_v after_o to_o say_v that_o such_o impleading_a for_o matter_n arise_v in_o wales_n in_o the_o court_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n to_o be_v in_o the_o adjacent_a county_n because_o they_o know_v not_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n on_o which_o have_v they_o reflect_v with_o seriousness_n they_o have_v find_v it_o impossible_a for_o that_o trial_n concern_v land_n in_o wales_n quatenus_fw-la particular_o wales_n after_o it_o become_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n shall_v by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v differ_v from_o other_o trial_n in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o adjacent_a county_n can_v not_o possible_o be_v for_o wales_n be_v make_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n within_o time_n of_o memory_n viz._n 12_o e._n 1._o and_o whatever_o trial_n be_v at_o common_a law_n must_v be_v beyond_o all_o memory_n therefore_o no_o such_o trial_n for_o land_n in_o wales_n particular_o can_v be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n it_o remain_v then_o that_o if_o such_o be_v at_o common_a law_n it_o must_v be_v for_o land_n in_o all_o dominion_n of_o the_o acquisition_n of_o england_n consequent_o for_o ireland_n garnsey_n and_o jersey_n gascoign_n guienne_n calais_n tournay_n as_o well_o as_o wales_n but_o it_o be_v never_o in_o practice_n or_o pretence_n that_o any_o such_o trial_n shall_v be_v for_o any_o land_n in_o these_o place_n therefore_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v and_o it_o can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n that_o wales_n differ_v from_o the_o other_o dominion_n belong_v to_o england_n in_o these_o trial_n nor_o be_v it_o by_o any_o new_a law_n make_v by_o e._n 1._o or_o any_o his_o successor_n by_o the_o clause_n in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o rutland_n which_o have_v neu●r_o be_v pretend_v for_o by_o that_o clause_n power_n be_v give_v to_o change_v law_n simple_o for_o wales_n but_o this_o way_n of_o trial_n change_v the_o law_n of_o england_n in_o order_n to_o trial_n for_o land_n in_o wales_n which_o that_o clause_n neither_o do_v nor_o can_v warrant_v beside_o this_o new_a way_n of_o trial_n concern_v lordship_n marcher_n hold_v in_o chief_a from_o the_o king_n the_o book_n be_v full_a that_o in_o quare_fw-la impedit_v for_o disturbance_n to_o church_n in_o wales_n the_o summons_n and_o trial_n must_v be_v by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o and_o in_o the_o adjacent_a county_n which_o be_v often_o affirm_v and_o agitate_a in_o the_o book_n but_o with_o as_o much_o confusion_n and_o as_o little_a clearness_n as_o the_o other_o concern_v land_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v the_o case_n before_o 8_o e._n 3._o the_o plea_n of_o quare_fw-la impedit_n 59_o 8_o e._n 3._o 59_o and_o of_o land_n and_o tenement_n hold_v in_o chief_a of_o the_o king_n in_o wales_n shall_v be_v plead_v there_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la bring_v by_o the_o king_n against_o a_o abbot_n 24._o 15_o e._n 3._o fitz._n jurisdiction_n p._n 24._o exception_n take_v that_o the_o church_n be_v in_o wales_n where_o the_o king_n writ_n run_v not_o &_o non_fw-la allocatur_fw-la for_o the_o king_n be_v party_n by_o the_o book_n as_o a_o reason_n a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la can_v be_v bring_v in_o wales_n b._n 11_o h._n 6._o f._n 3._o a_o b._n because_o a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n can_v be_v award_v for_o they_o will_v not_o obey_v it_o and_o so_o be_v the_o opinion_n in_o that_o case_n of_o danby_n morton_n and_o newton_n that_o quare_fw-la impedit_n for_o church_n in_o wales_n must_v be_v bring_v only_o in_o the_o king_n court_n and_o the_o opinion_n be_v there_o that_o the_o prince_n can_v not_o direct_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n in_o wales_n upon_o quare_fw-la impedit_v there_o bring_v so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 30_o h._n 6._o of_o church_n in_o wales_n b._n 30_o h._n 6._o f._n 6._o b._n a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la shall_v be_v bring_v in_o england_n the_o case_n be_v cite_v before_o concern_v trial_n of_o land_n in_o wales_n a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la be_v bring_v in_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n of_o a_o disturbance_n in_o wales_n to_o present_v to_o a_o church_n b._n 35_o h._n 6._o f._n 30._o a_o b._n exception_n be_v take_v by_o littleton_n only_o to_o this_o that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v not_o show_v in_o his_o count_n or_o writ_n that_o hereford_n be_v the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n but_o by_o the_o book_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o for_o if_o hereford_n be_v not_o the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n the_o defendant_n may_v show_v it_o but_o no_o exception_n be_v take_v to_o the_o bring_n of_o the_o writ_n into_o the_o county_n of_o hereford_n if_o it_o be_v the_o next_o county_n b._n 36_o h_n 6._o f._n 33._o a_o b._n quare_fw-la impedit_n shall_v be_v bring_v here_o of_o church_n in_o wales_n and_o shall_v be_v sue_v in_o the_o county_n adjoin_v for_o that_o the_o justice_n read_v it_o bishop_n will_v not_o obey_v any_o man_n there_o if_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la be_v bring_v here_o of_o a_o church_n in_o wales_n it_o shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n adjoin_v the_o reason_n there_o give_v be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o many_o other_o book_n car_fw-fr nous_fw-fr avomus_fw-la power_n ad_fw-la escrier_n all_o evesque_fw-la mes_fw-fr ils_fw-fr voylont_fw-fr &_o parront_v ceo_fw-la disobeyer_n it_o be_v manifest_o misprinted_n car_fw-fr nous_fw-fr navomus_fw-la power_n ad_fw-la escrier_n all_o evesque_fw-la mes_fw-fr ils_fw-fr voylont_fw-fr &_o parront_v ceo_fw-la disobeyer_n which_o be_v not_o sense_n by_o these_o book_n and_o many_o other_o it_o be_v clear_a quare_fw-la impedit_n be_v former_o bring_v in_o england_n for_o church_n in_o wales_n as_o real_a writ_n be_v for_o land_n and_o the_o trial_n be_v in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v english_a county_n but_o as_o those_o trial_n for_o land_n be_v only_o for_o lordship_n marcher_n hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a or_o part_n of_o they_o and_o that_o by_o special_a act_n of_o parliament_n as_o have_v be_v open_v so_o the_o quare_fw-la impedit_v bring_v in_o england_n and_o trial_n there_o have_v upon_o they_o be_v not_o for_o all_o church_n in_o wales_n

say_v william_n paul_n die_v at_o oxford_n that_o after_o his_o death_n the_o defendant_n be_v elect_v bishop_n of_o oxford_n and_z after_z and_o before_o the_o writ_n purchase_v viz._n the_o 27._o of_o november_n 1665._o gilbert_n now_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o primate_n of_o all_o england_n by_o his_o letter_n of_o dispensation_n according_a to_o the_o say_a act_n and_o direct_v to_o the_o say_v walter_n the_o defendant_n now_o bishop_n under_o his_o seal_n then_o elect_v and_o upon_o the_o bishop_n petition_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o bishopric_n gracious_o dispense_v with_o he_o together_o with_o his_o bishopric_n the_o rectory_n of_o whitney_n in_o the_o diocese_n and_o county_n of_o oxford_n which_o he_o then_o enjoy_v and_o the_o rectory_n of_o chymer_n aforesaid_a which_o he_o by_o the_o king_n favour_n hope_v short_o to_o have_v to_o receive_v hold_v retain_v and_o possess_v in_o commendam_fw-la as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v and_o continue_a bishop_n of_o oxford_n with_o or_o without_o institution_n and_o induction_n or_o other_o solemnity_n canonical_a and_o to_o take_v and_o receive_v the_o profit_n to_o his_o own_o use_n without_o residence_n quantum_fw-la in_o eodem_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la fuit_fw-la &_o jura_fw-la regni_fw-la paterentur_fw-la the_o letter_n of_o dispensation_n not_o to_o be_v effectual_a without_o the_o king_n confirmation_n that_o the_o king_n after_o the_o 28_o of_o novemb_n 17._o of_o his_o reign_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n to_o the_o say_a church_n so_o void_a by_o session_n present_v the_o defendant_n then_o as_o aforesaid_a bishop_n elect_n and_o after_o that_o be_v the_o 28._o of_o novemb_n 17._o car._n 2._o the_o king_n by_o his_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n date_v the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n and_o due_o enrol_v in_o the_o chancery_n according_a to_o 25_o h._n 8._o do_v confirm_v the_o letter_n of_o dispensation_n and_o that_o the_o say_a bishop_n may_v enjoy_v all_o thing_n contain_v in_o they_o according_a to_o the_o form_n and_o effect_v thereof_o with_o clause_n of_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la aliquo_fw-la statuto_fw-la or_o other_o matter_n then_o averr_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o dispensation_n be_v not_o contrary_a to_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n in_o h._n 8._o time_n do_v use_v to_o grant_v the_o like_a dispensation_n to_o the_o king_n subject_n which_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o aver_v etc._n etc._n the_o plaintiff_n reply_n that_o true_a it_o be_v william_n paul_n predict_v be_v elect_a bishop_n of_o oxford_n be_v incumbent_a of_o chymer_n but_o that_o after_o his_o election_n and_o before_o his_o creation_n he_o 2_o decemb._n 1663._o obtain_v letter_n of_o the_o archbishop_n under_o his_o seal_n of_o faculty_n for_o cause_n therein_o mention_v of_o dispensation_n to_o hold_v the_o church_n of_o brightwell_n and_o the_o rectory_n of_o chymer_n both_o which_o he_o then_o lawful_o have_v and_o to_o retain_v the_o same_o with_o his_o bishopric_n after_o his_o consecration_n etc._n etc._n durant_fw-mi vita_fw-la sva_fw-la natural_a &_o incumbentiâ_fw-la suâ_fw-la in_o episcopatu_fw-la predict_v &_o quamdiu_fw-la eidem_fw-la episcopatui_fw-la praeesset_fw-la the_o king_n 9_o decemb._n 15._o of_o his_o reign_n confirm_v the_o letter_n patent_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n with_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la according_a to_o the_o ordinary_a form_n 30._o decemb._n 15._o car._n 2._o be_v create_v bishop_n upon_o this_o replication_n the_o defendant_n demur_n and_o the_o plaintiff_n join_v in_o demurrer_n note_v the_o defendant_n do_v not_o show_v to_o who_o he_o be_v present_v he_o do_v not_o say_v that_o he_o enter_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o presentation_n of_o the_o king_n in_o chymer_n in_o discuss_v the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v upon_o this_o record_n i_o take_v it_o grant_v 1._o if_o a_o person_n incumbent_n of_o one_o or_o more_o benefice_n with_o cure_n be_v consecrate_v bishop_n all_o his_o benefice_n be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a 2._o upon_o such_o avoidance_n the_o king_n and_o not_o the_o patron_n be_v to_o present_v to_o the_o benefice_n so_o void_a by_o session_n 3._o that_o any_o dispensation_n after_o the_o consecration_n come_v too_o late_o to_o prevent_v the_o avoidance_n 4._o that_o the_o pope_n can_v former_o and_o the_o archbishop_n now_o can_v sufficient_o dispense_v for_o a_o plurality_n by_o 25_o h._n 8._o i_o shall_v therefore_o first_o make_v one_o general_a question_n upon_o the_o case_n as_o it_o appear_v whither_o william_n paul_n rector_n of_o chymer_n and_o elect_a bishop_n of_o oxford_n and_o before_o his_o consecration_n dispense_v with_o by_o the_o archbishop_n to_o retain_v his_o say_a rectory_n with_o the_o bishopric_n and_o have_v the_o say_a letter_n of_o dispensation_n confirm_v by_o the_o king_n and_o enrol_v modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la prout_fw-la by_o the_o record_n do_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a dispensation_n and_o confirmation_n 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and_o execute_v it_o by_o collate_v himself_o into_o a_o live_a void_a by_o lapse_n 2._o it_o vary_v from_o the_o case_n of_o colt_n and_o glover_n in_o the_o lord_n hobart_n report_v and_o the_o dispensation_n there_o to_o the_o bishop_n elect_v of_o lichfield_n and_o coventry_n which_o be_v to_o retain_v one_o benefice_n which_o he_o have_v and_o propria_fw-la authoritate_fw-la capere_fw-la &_o apprendere_fw-la as_o many_o as_o he_o can_v under_o a_o certain_a value_n the_o defect_n of_o that_o dispensation_n be_v numerous_a and_o excellent_o handle_v by_o the_o lord_n hobart_n in_o that_o case_n of_o colt_n and_o glover_n but_o in_o our_o case_n there_o be_v no_o affinity_n with_o the_o defect_n of_o those_o dispensation_n but_o be_v bare_o to_o retain_v what_o legal_o be_v have_v before_o obj._n 1_o hill_n per_fw-la thyrn_a the_o bp._n of_o st._n david_n case_n 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 37._o b._n 38._o a._n roll_n f._n 358._o ob_fw-la 1._o 11_o h._n 4._o f._n 60._o b._n per_fw-la hill_n 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of_o

f._n 33._o letter_n h._n if_o he_o can_v allege_v a_o presentation_n in_o himself_o or_o in_o his_o ancestor_n or_o in_o another_o person_n through_o who_o he_o claim_v the_o advowson_n and_o that_o in_o his_o count_n unless_o it_o be_v in_o a_o special_a case_n then_o put_v that_o special_a case_n as_o if_o a_o man_n at_o this_o day_n by_o the_o king_n licence_n make_v a_o parochial_a church_n or_o other_o chantry_n which_o shall_v be_v presentable_a if_o he_o be_v disturb_v to_o present_a to_o it_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la without_o allege_v any_o presentment_n in_o any_o person_n and_o shall_v count_v upon_o the_o special_a matter_n and_o the_o law_n in_o this_o be_v the_o same_o in_o case_n of_o the_o king_n with_o a_o common_a person_n by_o all_o the_o book_n and_o precedent_n in_o the_o book_n of_o entry_n to_o this_o add_v the_o lord_n hobart_n judgement_n which_o be_v always_o accurate_a for_o the_o true_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n know_v that_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o presentation_n may_v make_v a_o fee_n without_o more_o as_o a_o presentation_n by_o usurpation_n do_v that_o you_o never_o have_v a_o declaration_n in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la 101._o l._n hobart_n digby_n case_n f._n 101._o that_o the_o plaintiff_n do_v present_v the_o last_o incumbent_n without_o more_o but_o you_o declare_v that_o the_o plaintiff_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n and_o present_v or_o else_o lay_v the_o fee-simple_n in_o some_o other_o and_o then_o bring_v down_o the_o advowson_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n either_o in_o fee_n or_o some_o other_o estate_n the_o reason_n be_v that_o the_o presentment_n alone_o be_v militant_a and_o indifferent_a and_o may_v be_v in_o such_o a_o title_n as_o may_v prove_v that_o this_o new_a avoidance_n be_v the_o defendant_n and_o therefore_o you_o must_v lay_v the_o case_n so_o as_o by_o the_o title_n you_o make_v the_o presentation_n pass_v join_v to_o your_o title_n shall_v prove_v that_o this_o 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every_o defendant_n may_v plead_v in_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la the_o general_n issue_n which_o be_v ne_fw-fr disturba_fw-la pas_fw-fr because_o that_o plea_n do_v but_o defend_v the_o wrong_n wherewith_o he_o stand_v charge_v and_o leave_v the_o plaintiff_n title_n not_o only_o uncontroverted_a but_o in_o effect_n confess_v and_o the_o plaintiff_n may_v upon_o that_o plea_n present_o pray_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n or_o at_o his_o choice_n maintain_v the_o disturbance_n for_o damage_n 104._o hob._n digby_n versus_fw-la fitzherbert_n f._n 103._o 104._o but_o if_o a_o man_n will_v leave_v the_o general_n issue_n and_o controvert_v the_o plaintiff_n title_n he_o must_v then_o enable_v himself_o by_o some_o title_n of_o his_o own_o to_o do_v it_o but_o yet_o that_o be_v not_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o his_o plea_n but_o a_o formal_a inducement_n only_o and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sense_n if_o you_o will_v quarrel_v my_o possession_n and_o i_o to_o avoid_v your_o title_n effectual_o do_v induce_v that_o with_o a_o title_n of_o my_o own_o that_o you_o shall_v fly_v upon_o my_o title_n and_o forsake_v your_o own_o for_o you_o must_v recover_v by_o your_o own_o strength_n and_o not_o by_o my_o weakness_n the_o lord_n hobart_n go_v further_a in_o give_v the_o reason_n of_o this_o course_n of_o plead_v in_o colt_n and_o glover_n case_n in_o the_o place_n before_o cite_v of_o this_o form_n of_o plead_v in_o law_n there_o be_v one_o reason_n common_a to_o other_o action_n wherein_o title_n be_v contain_v to_o the_o land_n in_o question_n special_o which_o be_v that_o the_o tenant_n shall_v never_o be_v receive_v to_o counter-plead_a but_o he_o must_v make_v to_o himself_o by_o his_o plea_n a_o title_n to_o the_o land_n and_o so_o avoid_v the_o plaintiff_n title_n allege_v by_o traverse_n or_o confess_v and_o avoid_v but_o in_o the_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la there_o be_v a_o further_a reason_n of_o it_o for_o therein_o both_o plaintiff_n and_o defendant_n be_v actor_n one_o against_o another_o and_o therefore_o the_o defendant_n may_v have_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n as_o well_o as_o the_o plaintiff_n which_o he_o can_v have_v without_o a_o title_n appear_v to_o the_o court_n and_o so_o be_v the_o precedent_n a.b._n rastal_a l._n intratio_n f._n 484._o a.b._n when_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la be_v bring_v against_o the_o patron_n for_o disturbance_n of_o his_o clerk_n not_o be_v in_o possession_n the_o case_n in_o brief_a and_o the_o question_n upon_o it_o upon_o the_o record_n as_o it_o have_v be_v open_v and_o the_o plead_n therein_o between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o patron_n upon_o which_o all_o the_o question_n arise_v first_o i_o shall_v not_o make_v the_o question_n to_o be_v whether_o there_o may_v be_v a_o traverse_v take_v upon_o a_o traverse_n though_o that_o question_n be_v in_o truth_n in_o the_o case_n for_o that_o be_v a_o question_n rather_o upon_o term_n of_o art_n than_o a_o questio_fw-la forensis_fw-la and_o rise_v upon_o the_o naked_a fact_n of_o a_o case_n depend_v in_o judgement_n i_o shall_v therefore_o make_v the_o question_n upon_o this_o case_n such_o as_o naked_o it_o be_v without_o involve_v it_o in_o any_o difficulty_n of_o term_n the_o king_n bring_v a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o declare_v that_o queen_n elizabeth_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o advowson_n of_o the_o church_n of_o norfield_n in_o gross_a as_o of_o fee_n and_o present_v and_o derive_v the_o advowson_n to_o himself_o and_o the_o church_n become_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o queen_n presentee_n and_o he_o be_v disturb_v to_o present_v by_o the_o defendant_n jervis_n the_o defendant_n say_v that_o before_o the_o queen_n present_v r._n jervis_n his_o ancestor_n be_v seize_v in_o fee_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o norfield_n to_o which_o the_o advowson_n of_o this_o church_n be_v appendant_a that_o it_o become_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o one_o squire_n and_o continue_v so_o for_o two_o year_n and_o that_o the_o queen_n then_o present_v white_a her_o clerk_n by_o lapse_n that_o the_o manor_n and_o advowson_n descend_v from_o richard_n to_o thomas_n jervis_n from_o thomas_n to_o sir_n thomas_n jervis_n who_o grant_v the_o next_o avoidance_n to_o one_o phineas_n white_a who_o present_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o james_n white_n one_o timothy_n white_a who_o be_v institute_v and_o induct_v and_o then_o derive_v the_o manor_n and_o advowson_n to_o himself_o and_o that_o the_o church_n become_v void_a upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v timothy_n he_o present_v the_o other_o defendant_n hunckley_n and_o traverse_v the_o queen_n seisin_n of_o the_o advowson_n in_o gross_a the_o law_n in_o case_n of_o a_o common_a person_n if_o a_o common_a person_n bring_v a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o count_v his_o title_n to_o present_v and_o that_o he_o be_v disturb_v the_o defendant_n to_o counter-plead_a the_o plaintiff_n title_n make_v as_o he_o must_v a_o title_n to_o himself_o to_o present_v and_o confess_v and_o avoid_v or_o traverse_v the_o plaintiff_n title_n 1._o the_o plaintiff_n shall_v never_o desert_v his_o own_o title_n and_o by_o fall_v upon_o and_o controvert_v the_o weakness_n only_o of_o the_o defendant_n title_n ever_o recover_v or_o obtain_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n though_o the_o defendant_n title_n do_v not_o appear_v to_o the_o court_n to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o unanswerable_a reason_n give_v by_o the_o lord_n hobart_n in_o the_o first_o place_n 2._o if_o you_o will_v recover_v any_o thing_n from_o another_o man_n it_o be_v not_o enough_o for_o you_o to_o destroy_v his_o title_n but_o you_o must_v prove_v your_o own_o better_a than_o he_o 3._o there_o be_v no_o sense_n if_o you_o will_v quarrel_v my_o possession_n or_o right_n and_o i_o to_o avoid_v your_o title_n effectual_o either_o by_o traverse_v it_o which_o be_v deny_v or_o confess_v and_o avoid_v

to_o that_o issue_n but_o may_v take_v another_o this_o disaffirms_a the_o former_a case_n when_o the_o information_n be_v by_o a_o informer_n the_o king_n must_v maintain_v his_o information_n note_v the_o close_a of_o this_o case_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la per_fw-la attornatum_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la legis_fw-la peritos_fw-la i_o shall_v give_v the_o case_n here_o mention_v in_o this_o ut_fw-la supra_fw-la which_o will_v i_o think_v determine_v the_o question_n and_o clear_o establish_v the_o law_n according_a to_o the_o difference_n take_v that_o case_n be_v likewise_o in_o br._n and_o cite_v to_o be_v as_o in_o 34_o h._n 8._o whereof_o there_o be_v no_o year-book_n neither_o some_o four_o year_n before_o the_o last_o case_n i_o mention_v it_o be_v thus_o 8._o br._n prerogative_n p._n 116._o 34_o h._n 8._o nota_fw-la by_o whorhood_n attornatum_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o alios_fw-la when_o a_o information_n be_v put_v into_o the_o chequer_n upon_o a_o penal_a statute_n and_o the_o defendant_n make_v a_o bar_n and_o traverse_v that_o there_o the_o king_n can_v wave_v such_o issue_n tender_v and_o traverse_v the_o former_a matter_n of_o the_o plea_n as_o he_o can_v upon_o traverse_n of_o a_o office_n and_o the_o like_a when_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a party_n and_o entitle_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n for_o upon_o the_o information_n there_o be_v no_o office_n find_v before_o and_o also_o a_o subject_a be_v party_n with_o the_o king_n for_o a_o moiety_n quod_fw-la nota_fw-la bene_fw-la here_o it_o be_v most_o apparent_a that_o upon_o a_o information_n when_o the_o king_n have_v no_o title_n by_o matter_n of_o record_n as_o he_o have_v upon_o office_n find_v the_o king_n can_v waive_n the_o issue_n tender_v upon_o the_o first_o traverse_n though_o the_o information_n be_v in_o his_o own_o name_n which_o disaffirm_v the_o second_o case_n in_o that_o point_n and_o for_o the_o supernumerary_a reason_n that_o the_o king_n be_v not_o the_o sole_a party_n in_o the_o information_n it_o be_v but_o frivolous_a and_o without_o weight_n but_o the_o stress_n be_v where_o the_o king_n be_v sole_a party_n and_o entitle_v by_o matter_n of_o record_n i_o shall_v add_v another_o authority_n out_o of_o stamford_n prerogative_n if_o the_o king_n be_v once_o seize_v his_o highness_n shall_v retain_v against_o all_o other_o who_o have_v not_o title_n notwithstanding_o it_o be_v find_v also_o that_o the_o king_n have_v no_o title_n but_o that_o the_o other_o have_v possession_n before_o he_o 11._o 37_o ass_n pl._n 11._o as_o appeareth_z in_o 37._o ass_n p._n 35._o which_o be_v pl._n 11._o where_o it_o be_v find_v that_o neither_o the_o king_n nor_o the_o party_n have_v title_n and_o yet_o adjudge_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v retain_v for_o the_o office_n that_o find_v the_o king_n to_o have_v a_o right_n or_o title_n to_o enter_v b._n stamford_n prerogative_n f._n 62._o b._n make_v ever_o the_o king_n a_o good_a title_n though_o the_o office_n be_v false_a etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n shall_v traverse_v the_o office_n unless_o he_o make_v himself_o a_o title_n and_o if_o he_o can_v prove_v his_o title_n to_o be_v true_a although_o he_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v his_o traverse_n to_o be_v true_a yet_o this_o traverse_n will_v not_o serve_v he_o b._n stamford_n prerogative_n f._n 64._o b._n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o king_n have_v a_o prerogative_n which_o a_o common_a person_n have_v not_o for_o his_o highness_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v maintain_v the_o office_n or_o traverse_v the_o title_n of_o the_o party_n and_o so_o take_v traverse_v upon_o traverse_n if_o the_o king_n take_v issue_n upon_o a_o traverse_v to_o a_o office_n he_o can_v in_o another_o term_n change_v his_o issue_n by_o traverse_v the_o defendant_n title_n for_o than_o he_o may_v do_v it_o infinite_o but_o the_o king_n may_v take_v issue_n and_o after_o demur_n a._n 13_o e._n 4._o express_o and_o several_a other_o book_n 28_o h._n 6._o f._n 2._o a._n or_o first_o demur_n and_o after_o take_v issue_n or_o he_o may_v vary_v his_o declaration_n for_o in_o these_o case_n as_o to_o the_o right_n all_o thing_n remain_v and_o be_v as_o they_o be_v at_o first_o but_o this_o aught_o to_o be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o term_n otherwise_o the_o king_n may_v change_v without_o limit_n and_o tie_v the_o defendant_n to_o perpetual_a attendance_n judgement_n pro_fw-la defendente_fw-la hill_n 21_o &_o 22._o car._n ii_o c._n b._n rot._n 606._o thomas_n rowe_n plaintiff_n and_o robert_n huntingdon_n defendant_n in_o a_o plea_n of_o trespass_n and_o ejectment_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v that_o thomas_n wise_a 1._o april_n 21_o car._n 2._o at_o hooknorton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o oxford_n by_o his_o indenture_n produce_v date_v the_o say_a day_n and_o year_n demise_v to_o the_o say_v thomas_n rowe_n the_o manor_n of_o hooknorton_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n 4_o message_n 100_o acre_n of_o land_n 50_o acre_n of_o meadow_n 400_o acre_n of_o pasture_n and_o 50_o acre_n of_o wood_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o hooknorton_n aforesaid_a as_o also_o the_o rectory_n and_o vicarage_n of_o hooknorton_n and_o the_o tithe_n of_o grain_n hay_o and_o wool_n renew_v in_o hooknorton_n aforesaid_a to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v the_o premise_n from_o the_o feast_n of_o the_o annunciation_n of_o the_o virgin_n than_o last_o pass_v to_o the_o end_n and_o term_v of_o seven_o year_n then_o next_o ensue_v that_o by_o virtue_n thereof_o the_o say_a thomas_n rowe_n the_o plaintiff_n into_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o tenement_n enter_v and_o of_o the_o say_a rectory_n vicarage_n and_o tithe_n be_v possess_v that_o the_o say_v robert_n huntingdon_n the_o defendant_n the_o say_v first_o of_o april_n with_o force_n and_o arm_n into_o the_o say_a manor_n rectory_n vicarage_n and_o tithe_n enter_v and_o he_o eject_v against_o the_o peace_n to_o his_o great_a damage_n and_o whereby_o he_o be_v endamage_v 100_o l._n the_o defendant_n huntingdon_n plead_v not_o culpable_a and_o thereupon_o issue_n be_v join_v the_o jury_n give_v a_o special_a verdict_n that_o as_o to_o the_o trespass_n and_o ejectment_n in_o the_o say_a manor_n and_o tenement_n and_o in_o the_o say_a rectory_n vicarage_n and_o tithe_n aforesaid_a except_v 200_o acre_n of_o pasture_n parcel_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n of_o hooknorton_n that_o the_o defendant_n huntingdon_n be_v not_o culpable_a and_o as_o to_o the_o say_v 200_o acre_n they_o say_v that_o long_o before_o the_o say_a trespass_n and_o ejectment_n that_o be_v the_o 14_o day_n of_o october_n 1._o mar._n one_o robert_n than_o bishop_n of_o oxford_n be_v seize_v in_o his_o demesne_n as_o of_o fee_n in_o right_n of_o his_o bishopric_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n whereof_o the_o say_v 200_o acre_n be_v parcel_n and_o so_o seize_v the_o say_v 14_o of_o october_n 1_o mariae_fw-la at_o hooknorton_n aforesaid_a by_o his_o indenture_n of_o demise_n seal_v with_o his_o episcopal_a seal_n dated_n the_o say_a day_n and_o year_n and_o show_v in_o evidence_n to_o the_o jury_n make_v between_o the_o say_a bishop_n of_o the_o one_o part_n and_o john_n croker_n of_o hooknorton_n esq_n of_o the_o other_o part_n for_o consideration_n in_o the_o say_a indenture_n of_o demise_n mention_v have_v demise_v and_o to_o farm_n let_v to_o the_o say_v croker_n among_o other_o thing_n the_o say_a manor_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n whereof_o the_o say_v 200_o acre_n be_v parcel_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v to_o the_o say_v croker_n and_o his_o assign_v from_o the_o end_n and_o expiration_n prioris_fw-la dimissionis_fw-la in_o eadem_fw-la indentur_fw-la mentionat_a for_o and_o during_o the_o term_n of_o ninety_o year_n then_o next_o follow_v the_o tenor_n of_o which_o indenture_n of_o demise_n follow_v in_o haec_fw-la verba_fw-la this_o indenture_n make_v the_o fourteen_o day_n of_o october_n 1_o mariae_fw-la etc._n etc._n between_o the_o say_a bishop_n and_o the_o say_v john_n croker_n &c_n &c_n witness_v that_o where_o the_o say_a bishop_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n robert_n king_n abbot_n of_o tame_a and_o commendatory_a of_o the_o late_a monastery_n of_o oseney_n in_o the_o county_n of_o oxford_n and_o the_o covent_n of_o the_o same_o by_o their_o deed_n indent_v date_v 6._o april_n 29_o hen._n 8._o with_o the_o consent_n of_o their_o whole_a chapter_n have_v demise_v and_o to_o farm_n let_v all_o that_o their_o mansion_n or_o farm_n of_o hooknorton_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o the_o say_a county_n and_o all_o the_o mansion_n and_o farm_n demesne_n land_n meadow_n leasowe_n and_o pasture_n with_o all_o commodity_n and_o profit_n to_o the_o say_a manor_n belong_v or_o appertain_v and_o the_o customary_a work_n of_o all_o the_o tenant_n not_o grant_v nor_o remit_v before_o the_o date_n of_o the_o deed_n and_o the_o parsonage_n of_o hooknorton_n and_o

do_v the_o principal_a trespass_n be_v convict_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n be_v very_o press_v for_o else_o a_o man_n may_v be_v find_v culpable_a of_o aid_v or_o precept_v a_o trespass_n to_o be_v do_v when_o the_o doer_n of_o the_o trespass_n be_v acquit_v and_o not_o culpable_a which_o be_v to_o be_v culpable_a of_o aid_v the_o do_v of_o a_o thing_n never_o do_v which_o be_v impossible_a it_o will_v be_v say_v the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v and_o otherwise_o practise_v but_o who_o can_v alter_v a_o law_n affirm_v by_o judgement_n in_o parliament_n to_o be_v the_o custom_n and_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n to_o alter_v it_o which_o be_v not_o or_o at_o least_o a_o error_n in_o another_o parliament_n if_o that_o may_v be_v which_o be_v not_o so_o clear_a for_o this_o be_v not_o like_o a_o judgement_n give_v in_o one_o court_n and_o after_o contrary_v in_o another_o or_o in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n any_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v as_o well_o be_v alter_v without_o act_n of_o parliament_n as_o this_o 5._o however_o let_v that_o pass_n but_o as_o the_o law_n be_v now_o take_v no_o man_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o aid_n or_o assistance_n to_o a_o trespass_n not_o do_v and_o which_o be_v the_o same_o whereof_o the_o actor_n be_v acquit_v but_o in_o this_o case_n they_o that_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o stock_n be_v find_v not_o guilty_a and_o another_o defendant_n find_v guilty_a for_o bid_v he_o be_v put_v in_o the_o stock_n 6._o another_o reason_n be_v that_o cox_n can_v be_v culpable_a of_o a_o trespass_n which_o can_v or_o must_v not_o be_v prove_v which_o be_v the_o same_o but_o by_o the_o statute_n no_o regard_n or_o respect_n be_v to_o be_v have_v of_o the_o evidence_n prove_v the_o trespass_n if_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o prove_v to_o be_v do_v where_o the_o action_n be_v lay_v therefore_o there_o can_v be_v no_o evidence_n against_o cox_n for_o evidence_n not_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o not_o at_o all_o be_v the_o same_o 7._o if_o the_o other_o defendant_n can_v by_o the_o statute_n be_v find_v culpable_a because_o they_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v the_o constable_n though_o in_o a_o undue_a execution_n of_o his_o office_n no_o more_o can_v cox_n for_o aid_n or_o assistance_n may_v be_v by_o direction_n or_o precept_n as_o well_o as_o by_o corporal_a strength_n and_o therefore_o if_o they_o be_v free_a for_o assist_v to_o put_v the_o plaintiff_n in_o the_o stock_n forcible_o cox_n be_v free_a for_o advise_v and_o bid_v he_o be_v put_v there_o directive_o 8._o last_o the_o statute_n intend_v like_o benefit_n to_o the_o defendant_n when_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o prove_v to_o be_v do_v where_o the_o action_n be_v lay_v as_o if_o the_o plaintiff_n become_v nonsuit_n or_o suffer_v a_o discontinuance_n but_o in_o case_n of_o nonsuit_n or_o discontinuance_n all_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o have_v their_o double_a cost_v both_o by_o 7_o and_o 21_o jac._n for_o a_o nonsuit_n or_o discontinuance_n can_v be_v against_o some_o of_o the_o defendant_n for_o the_o nonsuit_n and_o discontinuance_n be_v of_o the_o entire_a action_n therefore_o here_o all_o the_o defendant_n shall_v have_v double_a cost_v and_o if_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o mean_v the_o defendant_n equal_o free_a or_o equal_o faulty_a they_o will_v have_v add_v in_o their_o verdict_n that_o if_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n find_v the_o court_n shall_v think_v that_o actio_fw-la praedicta_fw-la will_v lie_v in_o london_n against_o some_o of_o the_o defendant_n and_o not_o other_o than_o they_o find_v such_o against_o who_o it_o may_v be_v lay_v in_o london_n culpable_a and_o the_o rest_n not_o culpable_a the_o record_n be_v et_fw-la praedictus_fw-la richardus_fw-la cox_n miles_n except_o except_o accersivit_fw-la the_o constable_n whereas_o there_o be_v no_o praedictus_fw-la richardus_fw-la cox_n miles_n but_o baronettus_n and_o there_o be_v another_o praedictus_fw-la richardus_fw-la cox_n arm●ger_n which_o make_v the_o verdict_n incertain_a in_o this_o point_n quaerens_fw-la nil_fw-la capiat_fw-la etc._n etc._n pasch_fw-mi 21_o car._n ii_o in_o banc._n william_n hayes_n plaintiff_n and_o charles_n bickerstaff_n defendant_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n charles_n bickerstaff_n be_v possess_v of_o a_o long_a term_n of_o year_n in_o certain_a woodland_n and_o copce_n in_o cobham_n in_o the_o county_n of_o kent_n demise_v set_a and_o to_o farm_n let_v the_o same_o for_o six_o year_n parcel_n of_o his_o term_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n under_o a_o rent_n and_o other_o reservation_n and_o covenant_v the_o plaintiff_n keep_v and_o perform_v the_o agreement_n of_o his_o part_n to_o be_v keep_v and_o perform_v quod_fw-la praedictus_fw-la willielmus_fw-la hayes_n legitime_fw-la haberet_fw-la teneret_fw-la &_o gauderet_fw-la &_o habere_fw-la tenere_fw-la &_o gaudere_fw-la potuisset_fw-la praedicta_fw-la dimissa_fw-la praemissa_fw-la juxta_fw-la conventionem_fw-la praeantea_fw-la in_o &_o per_fw-la indenturam_fw-la predict_v dimiss_v absque_fw-la aliquo_fw-la impedimento_fw-la perturbatione_fw-la evictione_n vel_fw-la interruptione_n quibuscunque_fw-la de_fw-la vel_fw-la per_fw-la dictum_fw-la carolum_fw-la bickerstaff_n executores_fw-la administratores_fw-la vel_fw-la assignatos_fw-la suos_fw-la aut_fw-la aliquem_fw-la eorum_fw-la prout_fw-la per_fw-la indenturam_fw-la praedictam_fw-la plenius_fw-la apparet_fw-la that_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o say_a demise_n he_o enter_v and_o be_v possess_v and_o that_o after_o the_o defendant_n be_v possess_v for_o a_o long_a term_n grant_v the_o reversion_n to_o charles_n duke_n of_o lenox_n to_o who_o the_o plaintiff_n atturn_v and_o that_o afterward_o the_o say_a duke_n and_o other_o by_o his_o command_n enter_v upon_o the_o plaintiff_n although_o he_o observe_v all_o agreement_n of_o his_o part_n and_o carry_v away_o many_o load_v of_o faggot_n and_o wood_n and_o keep_v and_o still_o keep_v he_o out_o of_o possession_n to_o his_o damage_n of_o eight_o hundred_o pound_n and_o bring_v his_o action_n for_o breach_n of_o the_o covenant_n aforesaid_a the_o defendant_n plead_v enjoyment_n according_a to_o the_o demise_n and_o traverse_v the_o grant_n of_o the_o reversion_n to_o the_o duke_n modo_fw-la &_o forma_fw-la all_o covenant_n between_o a_o lessor_n and_o his_o lessee_n be_v either_o covenant_n in_o law_n or_o express_a covenant_n by_o covenant_n in_o law_n the_o lessee_n be_v to_o enjoy_v his_o lease_n against_o the_o lawful_a entry_n eviction_n or_o interruption_n of_o any_o man_n but_o not_o against_o tortuous_a entry_n eviction_n or_o interruption_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o law_n be_v solid_a and_o clear_a because_o against_o tortuous_a act_n the_o lessee_n have_v proper_a remedy_n against_o the_o wrong_a doer_n so_o be_v the_o express_a book_n of_o 22_o h._n 6._o l._n 22_o h._n 6._o f._n 52._o b._n 32_o h._n 6._o f._n 32_o b._n n._n br._n ●45_n b._n letter_n l._n where_o a_o man_n lease_v by_o deed-poll_n without_o express_a covenant_n and_o 32_o h._n 6._o where_o the_o lease_n be_v by_o deed_n indent_v if_o the_o lessor_n seize_v the_o term_n by_o deed-poll_n br._n nat._n br._n and_o out_v the_o lessee_n he_o shall_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o covenant_n upon_o that_o deed-poll_n although_o he_o have_v no_o indenture_n of_o it_o but_o if_o a_o stranger_n who_o have_v no_o right_a out_v the_o lessee_n than_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o writ_n of_o covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n because_o he_o have_v remedy_n by_o action_n against_o the_o stranger_n but_o if_o a_o stranger_n enter_v by_o elder_a title_n than_o he_o shall_v have_v a_o writ_n of_o covenant_n for_o he_o have_v no_o other_o remedy_n this_o show_v the_o law_n give_v not_o remedy_n to_o the_o lessee_n upon_o the_o covenant_n when_o he_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o natural_a remedy_n against_o another_o who_o do_v the_o wrong_n by_o the_o same_o reason_n if_o the_o lessee_n be_v by_o express_a covenant_n to_o enjoy_v his_o term_n or_o enjoy_v it_o against_o all_o man_n which_o be_v the_o same_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v a_o action_n of_o covenant_n against_o the_o lessor_n unless_o he_o be_v legal_o out_v or_o evict_v for_o if_o he_o be_v out_v tortious_o by_o any_o stranger_n he_o have_v his_o remedy_n so_o be_v the_o express_a book_n of_o 26_o h._n 6._o f._n 3._o b._n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o warranty_n of_o a_o lease_n for_o year_n be_v but_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n which_o extend_v not_o to_o tortuous_a entry_n for_o the_o former_a reason_n yet_o i_o agree_v if_o the_o lessor_n express_o covenant_n that_o the_o lessee_n shall_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v his_o term_n without_o the_o entry_n or_o interruption_n of_o any_o whether_o such_o entry_n or_o interruption_n be_v lawful_a or_o tortuous_a there_o the_o lessor_n shall_v be_v charge_v by_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n for_o the_o tortuous_a entry_n of_o a_o stranger_n because_o no_o other_o

they_o in_o civil_a trial_n and_o how_o the_o jury_n shall_v in_o any_o other_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o course_n of_o trial_n use_v find_v against_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o court_n in_o matter_n of_o law_n be_v real_o not_o conceptible_a true_a it_o be_v if_o it_o fall_v out_o upon_o some_o special_a trial_n that_o the_o jury_n be_v ready_a to_o give_v their_o verdict_n and_o before_o it_o be_v give_v the_o judge_n shall_v ask_v whether_o they_o find_v such_o a_o particular_a thing_n propound_v by_o he_o or_o whether_o they_o find_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v as_o such_o a_o witness_n or_o witness_n have_v depose_v and_o the_o jury_n answer_n they_o find_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n to_o be_v so_o if_o then_o the_o judge_n shall_v declare_v the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v by_o you_o so_o find_v to_o be_v the_o law_n be_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o you_o be_v to_o find_v according_o for_o he_o if_o notwithstanding_o they_o find_v for_o the_o defendant_n this_o 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can_v answer_v it_o therefore_o the_o party_n agree_v the_o fact_n by_o their_o plead_n upon_o demurrer_n and_o ask_v the_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n for_o the_o law_n in_o special_a verdict_n the_o jury_n inform_v the_o naked_a fact_n and_o the_o court_n deliver_v the_o law_n and_o so_o be_v it_o in_o demurrer_n upon_o evidence_n in_o arrest_n of_o judgement_n upon_o challenge_n and_o often_o upon_o the_o judge_n opinion_n of_o the_o evidence_n give_v in_o court_n the_o plaintiff_n become_v nonsuit_n when_o if_o the_o matter_n have_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o jury_n they_o may_v well_o have_v find_v for_o the_o plaintiff_n but_o upon_o all_o general_a issue_n as_o upon_o not_o culpable_a plead_v in_o trespass_n nil_fw-la debet_fw-la in_o debt_n nul_fw-fr tort_fw-fr nul_fw-fr disseisin_n in_o assize_n ne_o disturba_fw-la pas_fw-fr in_fw-la quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la and_o the_o like_a though_o it_o be_v matter_n of_o law_n whether_o the_o defendant_n be_v a_o trespassor_n a_o 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this_o statute_n against_o juror_n for_o so_o do_v in_o wales_n only_o objection_n out_o of_o the_o ancient_n and_o modern_a book_n 1._o a_o juror_n keep_v his_o fellow_n a_o day_n and_o night_n 35._o 8_o ass_n pl._n 35._o without_o any_o reason_n or_o assent_v and_o therefore_o award_v to_o the_o fleet._n this_o book_n right_o understand_v be_v law_n that_o he_o stay_v his_o fellow_n a_o day_n and_o a_o night_n without_o any_o reason_n or_o assent_v may_v be_v understand_v that_o he_o will_v not_o in_o that_o time_n intend_v the_o verdict_n at_o all_o more_o than_o if_o he_o have_v be_v absent_a from_o his_o fellow_n but_o wilful_o not_o find_v for_o either_o side_n in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v a_o misdemeanour_n against_o his_o oath_n for_o his_o oath_n be_v true_o to_o try_v the_o issue_n which_o he_o can_v never_o do_v that_o resolve_v not_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o fellow_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o case_n 34_o e._n 3._o where_o twelve_o be_v swear_v and_o put_v together_o to_o treat_v of_o their_o verdict_n 46._o 34_o e._n 3._o bra._n title_n juror_n n._n 46._o one_o secret_o withdraw_v himself_o and_o go_v away_o for_o which_o he_o be_v just_o fine_v and_o imprison_v and_o it_o differ_v not_o to_o withdraw_v from_o a_o man_n duty_n by_o depart_v from_o his_o fellow_n and_o to_o withdraw_v from_o it_o though_o he_o stay_v in_o the_o same_o room_n and_o so_o be_v that_o book_n to_o he_o understand_v but_o if_o a_o man_n differ_v in_o judgement_n from_o his_o fellow_n for_o a_o day_n and_o a_o night_n though_o his_o dissent_n may_v not_o be_v as_o reasonable_a as_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o rest_n that_o agree_v yet_o if_o his_o judgement_n be_v not_o satisfy_v one_o disagree_v can_v be_v no_o more_o criminal_a than_o four_o or_o five_o disagree_v with_o the_o rest_n 2._o a_o juror_n will_v not_o agree_v with_o his_o fellow_n for_o two_o day_n 11._o 41_o ass_n p._n 11._o and_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o judge_n if_o he_o will_v agree_v say_v he_o will_v first_o die_v in_o prison_n whereupon_o he_o be_v commit_v and_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o eleven_o taken_z but_o upon_o better_a advice_n the_o verdict_n of_o the_o eleven_o be_v quash_v and_o the_o juror_n discharge_v without_o fine_a and_o the_o justice_n say_v the_o way_n be_v to_o carry_v they_o in_o cart_n until_o they_o agree_v and_o not_o by_o fine_v they_o and_o as_o the_o judge_n err_v in_o take_v the_o verdict_n of_o eleven_o so_o they_o do_v in_o imprison_v the_o twelve_o and_o this_o case_n make_v strong_o that_o the_o juror_n be_v not_o to_o be_v fine_v who_o disagree_v in_o judgement_n only_o much_o of_o the_o office_n of_o juror_n in_o order_n to_o their_o verdict_n be_v ministerial_a as_o not_o withdraw_v from_o their_o fellow_n after_o they_o be_v swear_v not_o withdraw_v after_o challenge_n and_o be_v try_v in_o before_o they_o take_v their_o oath_n 18._o 36_o h._n 6._o f._n 27._o br._n juror_n 18._o not_o receive_v from_o either_o side_n evidence_n after_o their_o oath_n not_o give_v in_o court_n not_o eat_v and_o drink_v before_o their_o verdict_n refuse_v to_o give_v a_o verdict_n and_o the_o like_a wherein_o if_o they_o transgress_v they_o be_v finable_a but_o the_o verdict_n itself_o when_o give_v be_v not_o a_o act_n ministerial_a but_o judicial_a and_o according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o their_o judgement_n for_o which_o they_o be_v not_o finable_a nor_o to_o be_v punish_v but_o by_o attaint_n 3._o the_o case_n of_o 7_o r._n 2._o title_n coronae_fw-la fitz._n 108._o be_v cite_v where_o upon_o acquittal_n of_o a_o common_a thief_n the_o judge_n say_v the_o jury_n ought_v to_o be_v bind_v to_o his_o good_a behaviour_n during_o his_o life_n but_o say_v the_o book_n quere_z per_fw-la quel_fw-fr ley_fw-fr but_o that_o be_v only_o gratis_o dictum_fw-la by_o the_o judge_n for_o no_o such_o thing_n be_v do_v as_o bind_v they_o 114._o hob._n f._n 114._o 4._o bradshaw_n and_o salmon_n case_n be_v urge_v where_o a_o jury_n have_v give_v excessive_a damage_n upon_o a_o trial_n in_o a_o action_n of_o covenant_n and_o the_o court_n of_o star-chamber_n give_v damage_n to_o the_o complainant_n almost_o as_o high_a as_o the_o jury_n have_v give_v upon_o the_o trial_n but_o the_o jury_n who_o give_v the_o damage_n be_v not_o question_v though_o say_v the_o book_n they_o may_v have_v be_v because_o they_o receive_v brief_n from_o the_o plaintiff_n for_o who_o they_o give_v damage_n which_o be_v a_o misdemeanour_n but_o the_o express_a book_n be_v that_o the_o jury_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o information_n for_o the_o excessive_a damage_n but_o only_o by_o attaint_n therefore_o not_o for_o their_o false_a verdict_n without_o other_o misdemeanour_n which_o answer_v some_o other_o case_n allege_v nor_o can_v any_o man_n show_v

for_o the_o damage_n in_o debt_n though_o by_o several_a original_n but_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o in_o a_o writ_n of_o error_n in_o this_o kind_n the_o foundation_n be_v destroy_v and_o no_o such_o record_n be_v leave_v rep._n drury_n case_n 8._o rep._n but_o as_o to_o that_o in_o drury_n case_n 8._o rep._n a_o outlawry_n issue_v and_o process_n of_o capias_fw-la upon_o the_o outlawry_n the_o sheriff_n return_v non_fw-la est_fw-la inventus_fw-la and_o the_o same_o day_n the_o party_n come_v into_o court_n and_o demand_v oyer_n of_o the_o exigent_n which_o be_v the_o warrant_n of_o the_o outlawry_n and_o show_v the_o exigent_n to_o be_v altogether_o uncertain_a and_o insufficient_a and_o consequent_o the_o outlawry_n depend_v upon_o it_o to_o be_v null_a and_o the_o court_n give_v judgement_n according_o though_o the_o record_n of_o the_o outlawry_n be_v never_o reverse_v by_o error_n which_o differ_v not_o from_o this_o case_n where_o the_o order_n of_o commitment_n be_v judicial_o declare_v illegal_a though_o not_o quash_v or_o reverse_v by_o error_n and_o consequent_o whatever_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o the_o fine_a and_o commitment_n do_v and_o the_o outlawry_n in_o the_o former_a case_n be_v more_o the_o king_n interest_n than_o the_o fine_a in_o this_o the_o chief_a justice_n deliver_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o court_n and_z according_o the_o prisoner_n be_v discharge_v hill_n 23_o &_o 24_o car._n ii_o b._n c._n rot._n 615._o edmund_n sheppard_n junior_n plaintiff_n in_o trespass_n ss_z suff._n ss_z against_o george_n gosnold_n william_n booth_n william_n haygard_n and_o henry_n heringold_n defendant_n the_o plaintiff_n declare_v for_o the_o forcible_a take_n and_o carry_v away_o at_o gyppin_n in_o the_o say_a county_n the_o eight_o and_o twenty_o of_o january_n 22_o car._n 2._o five_o and_o twenty_o hundred_o and_o three_o quarter_n of_o a_o hundred_o of_o wax_n of_o the_o say_v edmunds_n there_o find_v and_o keep_v and_o detain_v the_o same_o under_o arrest_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v pay_v forty_o nine_o shilling_n to_o they_o the_o say_v defendant_n for_o the_o delivery_n thereof_o to_o his_o damage_n of_o 40_o l._n the_o defendant_n plead_v not_o culpable_a and_o put_v themselves_o upon_o the_o country_n etc._n etc._n the_o jury_n find_v a_o special_a verdict_n 1._o that_o before_o the_o caption_n arrest_v and_o detention_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o same_o edmund_z sheppard_n the_o young_a be_v and_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o manor_n of_o bawdsey_n in_o the_o say_a county_n and_o thereof_o seize_v in_o his_o demesne_n as_o of_o fee_n and_o that_o he_o and_o all_o those_o who_o estate_n he_o have_v and_o have_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trespass_n suppose_v in_o the_o say_a manor_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n have_v and_o accustom_v to_o have_v all_o good_n and_o chattel_n wreck_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n cast_v on_o shore_n upon_o the_o say_a manor_n as_o appertain_v to_o the_o say_a manor_n 2._o they_o further_o say_v the_o say_v good_n be_v ship_v in_o foreign_a part_n as_o merchandise_n and_o not_o intend_v to_o be_v import_v into_o england_n but_o to_o be_v carry_v into_o other_o foreign_a part_n 3._o that_o the_o say_v good_n be_v wreck_v upon_o the_o high_a sea_n and_o by_o the_o seashore_n as_o wrecked_a good_n cast_v upon_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n within_o the_o same_o manor_n and_o thereby_o the_o say_a edmund_n seize_v as_o wreck_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o lord_n of_o the_o say_a manor_n they_o further_o find_v that_o at_o the_o parliament_n begin_v at_o westminster_n the_o five_o and_o twenty_o of_o april_n the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n and_o continue_v to_o the_o nine_o and_o twenty_o of_o december_n follow_v there_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o king_n a_o subsidy_n call_v poundage_n of_o all_o good_n and_o merchandise_n of_o every_o merchant_n natural_a bear_v subject_n denizen_n and_o alien_a to_o be_v export_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n or_o any_o the_o dominion_n thereto_o belong_v or_o import_v into_o the_o same_o by_o way_n of_o merchandise_n of_o the_o value_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n according_a to_o the_o particular_a rate_n and_o value_v of_o such_o good_n and_o merchandise_n as_o they_o be_v respective_o rate_v and_o value_v in_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n entitle_v the_o rate_n of_o merchandise_n after_o in_o the_o say_a act_n mention_v and_o refer_v to_o to_o one_o shilling_n etc._n etc._n then_o they_o say_v that_o by_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n wax_v inward_a or_o import_v every_o hundred_o weight_n contain_v one_o hundred_o and_o twelve_o pound_n be_v rate_v to_o forty_o shilling_n and_o hard_o wax_v the_o pound_n three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n they_o find_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o seizure_n of_o the_o good_n that_o the_o defendant_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n due_o appoint_v to_o collect_v the_o subsidy_n of_o poundage_n by_o the_o say_a act_n grant_v and_o that_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o poundage_n not_o pay_v at_o the_o say_a time_n they_o seize_v and_o arrest_v the_o say_v good_n until_o the_o plaintiff_n have_v pay_v they_o the_o say_v fine_a of_o forty_o nine_o shilling_n but_o whether_o the_o good_n and_o chattel_n aforesaid_a so_o as_o aforesaid_a wreck_v be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o say_a duty_n of_o poundage_n or_o not_o they_o know_v not_o and_o if_o not_o they_o find_v the_o defendant_n culpable_a and_o assess_v damage_n to_o the_o plaintiff_n to_o nine_o and_o forty_o shilling_n ultra_fw-la misas_fw-la &_o custagia_fw-la and_o if_o the_o say_v good_n be_v chargeable_a with_o the_o say_a duty_n they_o find_v the_o defendant_n not_o culpable_a it_o be_v clear_a 22._o dyer_n 31_o h._n 8._o 43._o b._n n._n 22._o that_o former_o in_o the_o time_n of_o henry_n the_o eight_o queen_n mary_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o some_o custom_n be_v due_a by_o the_o common_a law_n wherein_o the_o king_n have_v a_o inheritance_n for_o certain_a merchandise_n to_o be_v transport_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n and_o that_o such_o custom_n be_v not_o original_o due_a by_o any_o act_n of_o parliament_n so_o be_v the_o book_n 31_o h._n 8._o it_o be_v the_o opinion_n likewise_o of_o all_o the_o justice_n in_o the_o chequer_n chamber_n when_o edward_n the_o six_o have_v grant_v to_o a_o merchant_n alien_n that_o he_o may_v transport_v or_o import_n all_o sort_n of_o merchandise_n not_o exceed_v in_o the_o value_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o subsidy_n thereof_o fifty_o pound_n pay_v only_o to_o the_o king_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n pro_fw-la custumis_n subsidiis_fw-la &_o oneribus_fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la of_o such_o merchandise_n so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o as_o any_o english_a merchant_n be_v to_o pay_v that_o this_o patent_n remain_v good_a for_o the_o old_a custom_n 17._o dyer_n 1_o mar._n f._n 92._o a._n n._n 17._o wherein_o the_o king_n have_v a_o inheritance_n by_o his_o prerogative_n but_o be_v void_a by_o the_o king_n death_n as_o to_o good_n customable_a for_o his_o life_n only_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o tonnage_n etc._n etc._n so_o upon_o a_o question_n raise_v upon_o occasion_n of_o a_o new_a imposition_n lay_v by_o queen_n mary_n upon_o clothes_n 57_o dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o a._n b._n n._n 57_o the_o judge_n be_v consuit_v about_o it_o 1_o eliz._n the_o book_n be_v nota_fw-la that_o english_a merchant_n do_v not_o pay_v at_o common_a law_n any_o custom_n for_o any_o ware_n or_o merchandise_n whatever_o but_o three_o that_o be_v wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n that_o be_v to_o say_v pro_fw-la quolibet_fw-la sacco_n lanae_fw-la continent_n 26_o pierre_n &_o chescun_fw-la pierr_v 14_o pound_n un_fw-fr demi_a mark_n and_o for_o three_o hundred_o woolfell_n half_o a_o mark_n and_o for_o a_o last_o of_o leather_n thirteen_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o that_o be_v equal_a to_o stranger_n and_o english_a merchant_n this_o be_v in_o those_o several_a reign_n the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o time_n whence_o we_o may_v learn_v how_o fallible_a even_o the_o opinion_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n be_v when_o the_o matter_n to_o be_v sesolve_v must_v be_v clear_v by_o searcher_n not_o common_a and_o depend_v not_o upon_o case_n vulgary_o know_v by_o reader_n of_o the_o year_n book_n for_o since_o these_o opinion_n it_o be_v know_v those_o custom_n call_v the_o old_a or_o antiqua_fw-la custumae_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n by_o parliament_n as_o a_o new_a thing_n and_o be_v no_o duty_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o the_o act_n of_o parliament_n itself_o by_o which_o this_o custom_n be_v grant_v be_v not_o where_o extant_a now_o but_o undeniable_a evidence_n of_o it_o appear_v for_o king_n edward_n

the_o first_o by_o his_o letter_n patent_n date_v november_n the_o three_o of_o his_o reign_n recite_v cum_fw-la praelati_fw-la magnates_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la de_fw-la lanis_n pellibus_fw-la &_o coriis_fw-la viz._n the_o sacco_n lanae_fw-la dimidium_fw-la marcae_fw-la de_fw-la 300_o pellibus_fw-la dimidium_fw-la marcae_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr lasto_fw-la corii_fw-la 13_o s._n 4_o d._n concesserint_fw-la etc._n etc._n whence_o sir_n edward_n coke_n right_o observe_v the_o grant_n be_v to_o edward_n the_o first_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n from_o the_o word_n nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la in_o the_o patent_n 59_o coke_n mag._n chart._n c._n 30._o f._n 58_o 59_o 2._o that_o no_o such_o custom_n be_v before_o from_o the_o word_n quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la custumam_fw-la and_o some_o other_o pertinent_a observation_n he_o make_v and_o he_o cite_v the_o year_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n true_o to_o be_v the_o three_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o year_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o but_o he_o make_v the_o date_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n to_o be_v november_n the_o ten_o of_o that_o year_n which_o in_o truth_n be_v november_n the_o fifteen_o he_o cite_v likewise_o the_o patent_n roll_v of_o edward_n the_o first_o for_o it_o m._n 1._o but_o omit_v the_o n_z which_o be_v n._n 1._o also_o he_o also_o cite_v the_o fine_a roll_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n m._n 26._o 24._o rot._n pat._n 3_o e._n 1._o m_o 1._o n._n rot._n finium_fw-la 3_o e._n 1._o m._n 24._o but_o his_o citation_n differ_v in_o remarkable_a thing_n from_o the_o patent_n roll_n 3_o e._n 1._o which_o run_v cum_fw-la praelati_fw-la &_o magnates_fw-la &_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la mercatorum_fw-la regni_fw-la nostri_fw-la and_o not_o tota_fw-la communitas_fw-la nobis_fw-la concesserint_fw-la quandam_fw-la novam_fw-la consuetudinem_fw-la de_fw-la lanis_fw-la pellibus_fw-la &_o coriis_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o anglia_fw-it quam_fw-la in_o hibernia_n &_o wallia_fw-la regnum_fw-la nostrum_fw-la exeuntibus_fw-la which_o be_v omit_v also_o in_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o perpetuum_fw-la nobis_fw-la &_o haeredibus_fw-la nostris_fw-la capiendam_fw-la sicut_fw-la in_o forma_fw-la inde_fw-la provisa_fw-la &_o communiter_fw-la concessa_fw-la plenius_fw-la continetur_fw-la and_o the_o particular_n be_v mention_v of_o the_o grant_n it_o appear_v by_o the_o preface_n of_o it_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o be_v make_v 3_o e._n 1._o a_o son_n primer_n parliament_n general_a apres_fw-fr son_fw-fr coronment_n lendemaine_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr clause_n de_fw-fr paschae_n that_o be_v on_o the_o monday_n of_o easter_n utas_fw-la in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n so_o as_o there_o be_v no_o parliament_n of_o edward_n the_o first_o before_o this_o his_o three_o year_n the_o antiquae_fw-la custumae_fw-la upon_o wool_n woolfell_n and_o leather_n be_v grant_v to_o edward_n the_o first_o by_o parliament_n as_o appear_v both_o by_o the_o patent_n and_o fine_a roll_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o dated_n november_n the_o fifteen_o which_o must_v be_v by_o a_o parliament_n before_o the_o date_n of_o the_o letter_n patent_n whence_o it_o follow_v they_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o or_o by_o the_o same_o parliament_n and_o probable_o therefore_o it_o be_v by_o a_o rider_n as_o proviso_n now_o usual_o be_v annex_v by_o tack_v to_o the_o bill_n or_o law_n of_o westminster_n the_o first_o and_o from_o it_o after_o casual_o lose_v so_o as_o it_o be_v now_o clear_a that_o antiqua_fw-la custuma_n upon_o wool_n bell_n and_o leather_n be_v not_o by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n 3_o e._n 1._o and_o if_o any_o scruple_n remain_v of_o a_o power_n at_o common_a law_n to_o charge_n merchandise_n in_o any_o other_o manner_n the_o act_n of_o the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n which_o grant_v he_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n clear_v it_o from_o question_n in_o these_o word_n and_o because_o no_o rate_n can_v be_v impose_v upon_o merchandise_n import_v or_o export_v by_o subject_n or_o alien_n but_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o parliament_n it_o enact_v that_o rate_n upon_o merchandise_n shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n establish_v by_o the_o act_n etc._n etc._n upon_o this_o supposition_n that_o by_o the_o common_a law_n merchandise_n may_v be_v charge_v with_o custom_n as_o wool_n bell_n and_o leather_n be_v queen_n marry_o by_o her_o absolute_a prerogative_n b._n dyer_n 1_o eliz._n f._n 165._o b._n lay_v a_o imposition_n of_o fourteen_o penny_n upon_o a_o cloth_n transport_v by_o native_n and_o one_o and_o twenty_o penny_n by_o stranger_n as_o appear_v in_o dyer_n 1_o eliz._n and_o upon_o the_o same_o ground_n king_n james_n about_o the_o twelve_o of_o his_o reign_n lay_v a_o imposition_n upon_o curran_n but_o these_o obtain_v not_o for_o law_n and_o so_o possible_o like_o imposition_n may_v be_v lay_v on_o wax_n or_o any_o other_o merchandise_n but_o no_o such_o be_v lay_v de_fw-la facto_fw-la unless_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o life_n by_o parliament_n nor_o be_v it_o a_o true_a inference_n that_o if_o the_o antiquae_fw-la custumae_fw-la be_v at_o common_a law_n as_o every_o thing_n in_o one_o sense_n be_v take_v for_o common_a law_n if_o it_o be_v law_n when_o it_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n therefore_o it_o be_v by_o arbitrary_a imposition_n of_o the_o king_n for_o it_o may_v be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o extant_a as_o this_o of_o 3_o e._n 1._o and_o in_o truth_n most_o of_o the_o common_a law_n can_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v law_n otherwise_o than_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n or_o power_n equivalent_a to_o they_o whereof_o the_o roll_n be_v lose_v for_o always_o there_o be_v a_o power_n and_o practice_v of_o make_v new_a law_n 1._o but_o it_o be_v not_o pretend_v that_o any_o custom_n be_v lay_v upon_o wax_n in_o any_o manner_n by_o the_o common_a law_n nor_o by_o statute_n but_o by_o that_o of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n the_o twelve_o of_o this_o king_n 2._o this_o seizure_n and_o arrest_n appear_v by_o the_o special_a verdict_n to_o be_v for_o poundage_n according_a to_o the_o book_n of_o rate_n by_o the_o statute_n make_v the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n cap._n 4._o which_o give_v two_o shilling_n to_o the_o king_n for_o every_o hundred_o weight_n of_o wax_n and_o therefore_o not_o for_o any_o other_o duty_n 3._o at_o the_o common_a law_n wrecked_a good_n as_o these_o be_v find_v to_o be_v can_v not_o be_v chargeable_a with_o custom_n if_o other_o good_n be_v for_o at_o the_o common_a law_n all_o wreck_n be_v whole_o the_o king_n and_o he_o can_v not_o have_v a_o small_a duty_n of_o custom_n out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v all_o his_o own_o stat._n west_n 1._o c._n 4._o vid._n stat._n and_o by_o westminster_n the_o first_o where_o wreck_n belong_v to_o another_o than_o to_o the_o king_n he_o shall_v have_v it_o in_o like_a manner_n that_o be_v as_o the_o king_n have_v he_o it_o remain_v clear_a then_o that_o wax_n be_v a_o merchandise_n subject_a to_o pay_v the_o duty_n of_o poundage_n by_o and_o according_a to_o the_o act_n of_o the_o twelve_o of_o this_o king_n and_o not_o otherwise_o the_o question_n then_o before_o we_o be_v narrow_v will_v be_v whether_o wax_n or_o any_o other_o good_n subject_n to_o the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n by_o the_o act_n and_o book_n of_o rate_n the_o twelve_o of_o the_o king_n ship_v in_o foreign_a part_n as_o merchandise_n not_o intend_v for_o england_n but_o for_o other_o foreign_a part_n prove_v to_o be_v wreck_n and_o cast_v by_o the_o sea_n upon_o a_o manor_n to_o which_o wreck_n belong_v by_o prescription_n aught_o to_o answer_v the_o duty_n of_o tonnage_n and_o poundage_n as_o if_o 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and_o thereby_o declare_v to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n be_v all_o the_o degree_n of_o marriage_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n for_o take_v the_o word_n at_o most_o advantage_n for_o that_o purpose_n viz._n since_o many_o inconvenience_n have_v fall_v by_o marry_v within_o the_o degree_n prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o son_n to_o marry_v the_o mother_n the_o brother_n the_o sister_n etc._n etc._n and_o that_o the_o enumeration_n in_o the_o act_n of_o prohibit_v degree_n have_v go_v no_o further_a than_o to_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n not_o enumerate_v any_o degree_n of_o affinity_n as_o than_o it_o have_v be_v no_o inference_n to_o conclude_v that_o there_o be_v no_o more_o prohibit_v degree_n by_o god_n law_n intend_v by_o the_o statute_n than_o the_o degree_n of_o consanguinity_n only_o so_o now_o no_o degree_n be_v mention_v in_o the_o statute_n to_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n but_o those_o which_o be_v express_v it_o can_v thence_o 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in_o the_o five_o book_n of_o moses_n or_o in_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n call_v leviticus_n though_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o marriage_n have_v be_v more_o restrain_v under_o that_o expression_n than_o under_o the_o general_a expression_n of_o holy_a scripture_n yet_o those_o book_n be_v part_n of_o holy_a scripture_n the_o secular_a judge_n have_v no_o more_o conuzance_n of_o the_o part_n than_o of_o the_o whole_a and_o so_o will_v it_o have_v be_v if_o the_o act_n have_v restrain_v the_o unlawfulness_n of_o marriage_n to_o the_o eighteen_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n that_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o book_n call_v leviticus_n the_o temporal_a court_n can_v have_v no_o more_o conuzance_n of_o that_o part_n or_o chapter_n of_o the_o book_n than_o of_o the_o whole_a book_n this_o i_o think_v be_v the_o full_a of_o the_o objection_n the_o last_o law_n and_o which_o be_v cardo_n questionis_fw-la as_o be_v plead_v by_o the_o plaintiff_n harrison_n in_o the_o book_n be_v the_o act_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o cap._n 38._o consist_v of_o several_a part_n 28._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 28._o some_z whereof_z be_v repeal_v as_o the_o branch_n concern_v precontract_n i_o shall_v therefore_o examine_v that_o act_n as_o it_o stand_v in_o force_n 1._o marriage_n between_o cousin_n german_n and_o all_o marriage_n onward_o between_o collateral_a cousin_n which_o be_v prohibit_v very_o far_o before_o the_o council_n of_o lateran_n and_o since_o it_o those_o to_o the_o four_o degree_n to_o the_o make_n of_o this_o act_n be_v make_v lawful_a and_o declare_v not_o to_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n viz_o in_o these_o word_n and_o be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n 2._o restrain_v of_o marriage_n by_o reason_n of_o carnal_a knowledge_n within_o any_o of_o those_o degree_n be_v express_o take_v away_o 84._o coke_n mag._n chart._n f._n 6._o 84._o and_o the_o marriage_n declare_v not_o to_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n in_o these_o sir_n edward_z coke_n in_o his_o comment_n upon_o this_o statute_n in_o his_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la be_v express_v so_o if_o any_o marriage_n within_o those_o degree_n shall_v be_v question_v as_o incestuous_a in_o the_o spiritual_a court_n a_o prohibition_n will_v lie_v upon_o this_o act_n because_o the_o marriage_n by_o one_o part_n of_o the_o act_n be_v declare_v express_o 1._o not_o to_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n 2._o by_o another_o all_o marriage_n contract_v between_o lawful_a person_n as_o we_o declare_v all_o person_n to_o be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n to_o marry_v be_v lawful_a join_v then_o those_o two_o clause_n together_o that_o all_o marriage_n be_v lawful_a not_o prohibit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o that_o such_o marriage_n of_o cousin_n german_n and_o so_o onward_o be_v not_o prohibit_v by_o god_n law_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o prohibition_n will_v lie_v in_o such_o case_n but_o these_o marriage_n concern_v not_o the_o case_n in_o question_n the_o next_o clause_n in_o the_o act_n and_o upon_o which_o the_o present_a case_n stand_v that_o no_o reservation_n or_o prohibition_n god_n law_n except_v shall_v trouble_v or_o impeach_v any_o marriage_n without_o the_o levitical_a degree_n the_o clear_a sense_n of_o which_o clause_n must_v be_v that_o all_o marriage_n be_v lawful_a which_o be_v not_o prohibit_v within_o the_o levitical_a degree_n or_o otherwise_o by_o god_n law_n so_o as_o the_o prohibit_v of_o marriage_n within_o the_o levitical_a degree_n and_o within_o god_n law_n whereof_o the_o levitical_a degree_n be_v a_o part_n be_v no_o more_o or_o less_o in_o effect_n than_o to_o say_v all_o marriage_n shall_v be_v lawful_a that_o god_n law_n do_v not_o prohibit_v whence_o be_v collect_v that_o of_o god_n law_n in_o general_n or_o of_o the_o levitical_a degree_n in_o

constancy_n speak_v of_o such_o law_n as_o give_v to_o all_o mankind_n in_o this_o particular_a matter_n of_o marriage_n and_o carnal_a mixture_n and_o derive_v they_o traditional_o through_o all_o antiquity_n as_o bind_v all_o nation_n and_o people_n by_o god_n precept_n and_o therefore_o call_v they_o among_o other_o so_o give_v leges_fw-la noachidarum_fw-la or_o the_o law_n of_o all_o the_o son_n of_o noah_n by_o which_o man_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n prohibit_v 1._o marriage_n or_o copulation_n with_o their_o mother_n 2._o with_o the_o father_n wife_n 3._o with_o a_o sister_n by_o the_o same_o mother_n or_o with_o a_o soror_fw-la uterina_fw-la 4._o with_o the_o wife_n of_o another_o man_n 5._o man_n with_o man_n 6._o man_n or_o woman_n with_o beast_n from_o these_o law_n they_o justify_v abraham_n marry_v his_o sister_n by_o the_o same_o father_n amrams_n marry_v his_o father_n sister_n jacob_n marry_v two_o sister_n at_o the_o same_o time_n thamar_n endeavour_v to_o marry_v her_o husband_n brother_n as_o not_o prohibit_v before_o the_o levitical_a law_n or_o any_o other_o marriage_n those_o before_o mention_v except_v and_o as_o to_o adam_n son_n marry_v their_o sister_n by_o the_o same_o mother_n the_o law_n be_v give_v in_o the_o beginning_n prohibit_v it_o but_o god_n dispense_v with_o it_o until_o the_o world_n be_v competent_o people_v as_o they_o receive_v it_o and_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o mr._n selden_n that_o upon_o the_o tradition_n of_o this_o general_a law_n 1._o 1_o cor._n 5._o v._n 1._o st._n paul_n rebuke_n the_o corinthian_n for_o permit_v among_o they_o such_o a_o fornication_n that_o be_v such_o a_o incest_n as_o be_v not_o name_v among_o the_o gentile_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v have_v his_o father_n wife_n some_o example_n of_o which_o be_v in_o syria_n as_o in_o antiochus_n and_o stratonice_n in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v say_v a_o man_n be_v a_o natural_a subject_n when_o he_o be_v so_o bear_v and_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o allegiance_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v and_o that_o a_o prince_n be_v that_o subject_n natural_a sovereign_n because_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o protect_v he_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v be_v protect_v of_o which_o kind_n of_o law_n of_o nature_n much_o be_v say_v in_o calvin_n case_n but_o confuse_o and_o without_o clearness_n of_o conception_n for_o these_o law_n of_o a_o man_n subjection_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v bear_v be_v the_o immediate_a mean_n of_o his_o preservation_n and_o good_a can_v but_o be_v assent_v to_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o assent_v and_o in_o that_o be_v call_v natural_a law_n of_o the_o natural_a law_n in_o this_o sense_n give_v to_o all_o mankind_n by_o the_o deity_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o time_n concern_v marriage_n and_o bodily_a knowledge_n see_v excellent_a matter_n in_o that_o incomparable_a work_n of_o mr._n selden_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturali_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la ebraeorum_n and_o under_o this_o sense_n of_o natural_a law_n have_v he_o title_v that_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la naturali_fw-la &_o gentium_fw-la juxta_fw-la disciplinam_fw-la ebraeorum_n for_o so_o the_o jew_n account_v the_o law_n or_o leges_fw-la noachidarum_fw-la give_v in_o the_o begin_n to_o all_o mankind_n natural_a law_n though_o they_o be_v in_o truth_n but_o positive_a divine_a law_n because_o with_o relation_n to_o mankind_n there_o be_v no_o time_n wherein_o they_o oblige_v not_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o act_v unnatural_o against_o civil_a law_n or_o agreement_n there_o be_v a_o four_o way_n whereby_o a_o man_n be_v say_v to_o act_v unnatural_o which_o act_v be_v subsequent_a to_o human_a law_n and_o contract_n between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v when_o after_o law_n make_v and_o contract_v civil_o settle_v a_o man_n shall_v oblige_v himself_o diametral_o repugnant_a and_o contrary_a to_o his_o former_a obligation_n as_o when_o a_o subject_a shall_v by_o oath_n promise_n or_o otherwise_o bind_v himself_o to_o judge_v or_o force_v his_o king_n when_o by_o his_o obligation_n to_o his_o king_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o obey_v he_o and_o be_v judge_v by_o he_o when_o a_o servant_n shall_v command_v and_o compel_v his_o master_n by_o who_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v command_v to_o contract_v marriage_n with_o two_o husband_n when_o plenary_a duty_n and_o obedience_n be_v to_o be_v pay_v to_o each_o and_o therefore_o impossible_a to_o be_v perform_v to_o both_o so_o be_v it_o with_o a_o servant_n who_o contract_v his_o absolute_a service_n to_o two_o master_n at_o the_o same_o time_n those_o thing_n be_v unnatural_a as_o not_o consist_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o obligation_n a_o man_n or_o woman_n be_v under_o whereof_o much_o have_v be_v already_o say_v the_o levitical_a prohibition_n of_o marriage_n be_v no_o general_a law_n but_o particular_a to_o the_o israelite_n 1._o all_o the_o prohibition_n of_o the_o levitical_a degree_n be_v not_o coeval_fw-fr with_o mankind_n as_o some_o be_v viz._n marriage_n with_o the_o mother_n the_o soror_fw-la uterina_fw-la the_o stepmother_n 2._o they_o be_v not_o in_o the_o restoration_n of_o mankind_n declare_v to_o noah_n as_o a_o law_n for_o mankind_n both_o these_o appear_v by_o the_o marriage_n of_o the_o holy_a man_n before_o mention_v within_o many_o of_o those_o degree_n 3._o they_o be_v undoubted_o deliver_v by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n but_o not_o to_o mankind_n for_o moses_n neither_o do_v nor_o can_v publish_v they_o as_o the_o world_n be_v then_o people_v to_o mankind_n and_o a_o law_n not_o publish_v be_v no_o more_o obligative_n than_o a_o law_n only_o conceal_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n be_v obligative_n 4._o as_o they_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o jew_n only_o by_o moses_n they_o bound_v other_o nation_n no_o more_o than_o other_o law_n of_o the_o jew_n do_v concern_v other_o subject_n as_o the_o law_n of_o succession_n and_o inherit_v land_n or_o good_n 5._o they_o must_v then_o be_v make_v obligative_n if_o at_o all_o to_o the_o generality_n of_o christian_n by_o the_o new_a testament_n but_o by_o what_o medium_n can_v that_o be_v prove_v 6._o they_o be_v not_o obligative_n to_o christian_n any_o where_o as_o to_o the_o jew_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o raise_v seed_n to_o the_o brother_n vid._n canon_n to_o that_o purpose_n de_fw-fr divortiis_fw-la and_o by_o the_o marriage_n of_o two_o sister_n successive_o but_o not_o together_o 7._o be_v they_o obligative_n to_o christian_n as_o to_o the_o jew_n than_o all_o christian_n will_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o same_o punishment_n as_o the_o jew_n be_v for_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v never_o hear_v it_o remain_v then_o that_o christian_n be_v bind_v to_o they_o upon_o another_o account_n beside_o it_o be_v manifest_a in_o the_o fifteen_o chapter_n of_o the_o act_n that_o when_o divers_a teach_v that_o if_o the_o gentile_n will_v be_v save_v they_o must_v keep_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n it_o be_v upon_o that_o very_a question_n resolve_v in_o a_o council_n of_o the_o apostle_n it_o be_v a_o yoke_n neither_o they_o nor_o their_o father_n be_v able_a to_o bear_v it_o seem_v good_a to_o the_o holy_a ghost_n and_o to_o they_o to_o lay_v no_o more_o burden_n on_o the_o gentile_n than_o to_o abstain_v from_o some_o necessary_a thing_n that_o be_v 1._o from_o thing_n offer_v to_o idol_n 2._o from_o thing_n strangle_v 3._o from_o blood_n 4._o from_o fornication_n which_o necessary_a thing_n be_v after_o clear_o expound_v by_o st._n paul_n to_o the_o corinthian_n not_o to_o be_v thing_n unlawful_a simple_o but_o convenient_a to_o keep_v a_o communion_n between_o the_o jew_n and_o gentile_n that_o be_v the_o old_a church_n and_o the_o new_a it_o be_v further_a clear_v that_o this_o law_n be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o other_o judicial_a law_n give_v to_o the_o gentile_n for_o when_o the_o gentile_n which_o have_v not_o the_o law_n 14._o rom._n 2._o v._n 14._o do_v by_o nature_n the_o thing_n contain_v in_o the_o law_n what_o be_v then_o the_o preferment_n of_o the_o jew_n or_o what_o be_v the_o profit_n of_o circumcision_n 2._o rom._n 3._o v._n 1_o 2._o much_o every_o manner_n of_o way_n chief_o because_o unto_o they_o be_v commit_v the_o oracle_n of_o god_n there_o be_v no_o colour_n of_o argument_n that_o the_o prohibition_n in_o the_o eighteen_o of_o leviticus_n be_v universal_a law_n but_o that_o it_o be_v say_v 24._o leu._n 18._o v._n 24._o you_o shall_v not_o defile_v yourselves_o in_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n for_o in_o all_o these_o thing_n the_o nation_n be_v defile_v which_o i_o cast_v out_o before_o you_o 27._o leu._n 18._o five_o 27._o for_o all_o these_o abomination_n have_v the_o man_n of_o the_o land_n do_v etc._n etc._n how_o can_v the_o land_n be_v defile_v or_o the_o man_n

confess_v that_o the_o land_n be_v a_o common_a and_o that_o he_o have_v approve_v the_o place_n in_o question_n leave_v sufficient_a pasture_n for_o the_o tenant_n if_o then_o the_o tenant_n have_v demur_v upon_o his_o plea_n of_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la the_o right_a of_o approve_v have_v proper_o come_v in_o question_n a_o man_n have_v no_o right_a to_o any_o thing_n for_o which_o the_o law_n give_v no_o remedy_n this_o must_v be_v a_o common_a or_o nothing_o 1._o if_o disseise_v the_o assize_n be_v quare_fw-la disseisivit_fw-la eum_fw-la de_fw-la communia_fw-la pasturae_fw-la suae_fw-la if_o surcharge_v a_o admensuratio_fw-la pasturae_fw-la be_v quare_fw-la superoneravit_fw-la communiam_fw-la pasturam_fw-la svam_fw-la b._n 22_o ass_n p._n 48._o cok._n litt._n 4._o b._n trespass_n lie_v not_o for_o a_o common_a but_o do_v for_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la grant_v to_o one_o or_o more_o joint_o but_o not_o here_o where_o all_o can_v join_v in_o action_n and_o several_a action_n will_v cause_v several_a fine_n to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o same_o offence_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v not_o he_o can_v avow_v but_o for_o damage_n do_v to_o his_o common_a not_o for_o his_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la 2._o no_o common_a or_o pasture_n can_v be_v claim_v by_o custom_n within_o the_o manor_n that_o may_v not_o be_v prescribe_v for_o out_o of_o the_o manor_n for_o what_o one_o may_v grant_v another_o might_n 31._o foyston_n &_o cratchrod_n case_n 4._o rep._n f._n 31._o but_o no_o prescription_n can_v be_v for_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la out_o of_o the_o manor_n to_o such_o common_a therefore_o they_o shall_v not_o claim_v it_o by_o custom_n in_o the_o manor_n for_o copy-holders_n must_v prescribe_v out_o of_o the_o manor_n that_o the_o lord_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o tenant_n at_o will_n have_v always_o have_v common_a in_o such_o a_o place_n which_o prescription_n give_v the_o lord_n what_o this_o custom_n will_v take_v from_o he_o 3._o no_o man_n enjoy_v a_o real_a profit_n convey_v from_o the_o lord_n which_o he_o can_v re-transf_a again_o to_o the_o lord_n benefit_n but_o a_o commoner_n of_o such_o a_o common_a can_v release_n surrender_v extinguish_v or_o otherwise_o convey_v this_o common_a to_o the_o lord_n benefit_n 51._o smith_n &_o gatewoods_n case_n 3_o jac._n cr._n f._n 152_o 6._o rep._n f._n 59_o 15_o e._n 2._o title_n prescript_n pl._n 51._o which_o be_v the_o reason_n in_o gatewood_n case_n that_o inhabitant_n not_o corporate_a can_v prescribe_v in_o a_o common_a none_o of_o they_o can_v extinguish_v or_o release_v that_o common_a he_o claim_v a_o man_n prescribe_v in_o the_o sole_a pasture_n after_o carry_v of_o the_o hay_n to_o a_o certain_a time_n of_o the_o year_n so_o tempore_fw-la e._n 1._o a_o prescription_n for_o all_o the_o pasture_n and_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n can_v only_o plough_v super_fw-la fitz._n pl._n 55._o super_fw-la sow_n and_o carry_v his_o corn_n but_o not_o depasture_n the_o grass_n at_o all_o but_o no_o case_n where_o different_a person_n have_v by_o different_a title_n as_o here_o in_o the_o same_o ground_n solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la nor_o no_o case_n where_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la be_v grant_v to_o a_o man_n and_o his_o heir_n which_o seem_v the_o same_o as_o grant_v omne_fw-la proficuum_fw-la terrae_fw-la for_o where_o it_o be_v allege_v there_o may_v be_v mine_n wood_n and_o the_o like_a notwithstanding_o the_o grant_v of_o solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la these_o be_v casual_a and_o not_o constant_a profit_n they_o may_v be_v or_o not_o be_v at_o all_o when_o a_o man_n bring_v a_o action_n as_o a_o entry_n sur_fw-fr disseisin_n or_o the_o like_a where_o he_o must_v allege_v esplees_n the_o profit_n of_o a_o i_o will_v not_o serve_v but_o for_o the_o mine_n itself_o which_o may_v be_v a_o divide_a inheritance_n from_o the_o soyl._n so_o may_v woodland_n be_v a_o divide_a inheritance_n from_o the_o soil_n and_o the_o profit_n or_o cut_v of_o that_o be_v not_o esplees_n of_o the_o land_n general_o but_o of_o the_o woodland_n but_o the_o profit_n of_o all_o and_o every_o part_n be_v the_o esplees_n of_o the_o land_n and_o prove_v seisin_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n which_o be_v in_o the_o form_n of_o plead_v the_o corn_n grass_n and_o hay_n which_o be_v profit_v pour_fw-fr moi_fw-fr &_o pour_fw-fr tout_fw-fr and_o where_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la be_v grant_v general_o away_o seisin_n can_v be_v allege_v in_o take_v any_o of_o these_o it_o be_v agree_v general_o for_o law_n a._n cok._n litt._n f._n 122._o a._n that_o a_o prescription_n to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la incertain_a land_n do_v not_o exclude_v the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n to_o have_v pasture_n or_o estover_n but_o by_o that_o book_n a_o man_n may_v prescribe_v to_o have_v solam_fw-la vesturam_fw-la terrae_fw-la from_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o a_o certain_a day_n in_o the_o year_n and_o so_o to_o have_v solam_fw-la pasturam_fw-la terrae_fw-la and_o so_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 15_o e._n 2._o pl._n 51._o and_o of_o e._n 1._o pl._n 55._o in_o fitz-herbert_a title_n prescription_n but_o they_o go_v no_o further_o nor_o determine_v what_o estate_n he_o have_v who_o claim_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la pasturam_fw-la to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n exclude_v the_o lord_n whole_o from_o any_o pasture_n hay_o or_o corn._n in_o grant_v or_o prescribe_v to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la why_o the_o lord_n be_v not_o exclude_v be_v not_o clear_a by_o that_o book_n or_o any_o other_o for_o there_o be_v two_o notion_n or_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n communia_fw-la the_o one_o as_o it_o signify_v that_o interest_n in_o the_o common_a which_o one_o commoner_n have_v against_o another_o not_o to_o have_v the_o common_a surcharge_v and_o be_v that_o interest_n a._n fitz._n na._n br._n de_fw-fr admensuratione_fw-la pasturae_fw-la f._n 125._o a._n to_o which_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr admensuratione_fw-la pasturae_fw-la relate_v which_o only_o lie_v for_o commoner_n against_o commoner_n and_o not_o for_o a_o commoner_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o for_o the_o lord_n against_o a_o commoner_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o fitz-herbert_a and_o in_o this_o sense_n there_o may_v be_v sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la communia_fw-la for_o only_o one_o may_v have_v right_a of_o common_a and_o no_o more_o either_o by_o grant_n or_o prescription_n so_o in_o this_o sense_n one_o part_n of_o the_o tenant_n of_o a_o manor_n may_v have_v the_o sole_a right_n of_o common_v in_o a_o certain_a place_n exclude_v the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o tenant_n rep._n foyston_n c._n 4._o rep._n and_o may_v claim_v there_o solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la à_fw-la caeteris_fw-la tenentibus_fw-la manerii_fw-la the_o other_o notion_n of_o communia_fw-la be_v when_o one_o or_o more_o have_v right_a to_o pasture_n with_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o a_o man_n to_o have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la for_o one_o can_v have_v that_o alone_o which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v with_o another_o nor_o do_v that_o alone_o which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o another_o so_o as_o a_o man_n may_v have_v solam_fw-la &_o separalem_fw-la communiam_fw-la in_o that_o sense_n that_o none_o be_v to_o be_v a_o commoner_n but_o himself_o but_o not_o in_o that_o sense_n that_o none_o else_o shall_v depasture_n the_o land_n but_o he_o for_o communia_fw-la can_v signify_v a_o absolute_a several_a as_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n that_o a_o common_a which_o be_v to_o more_o than_o one_o can_v be_v a_o several_a and_o belong_v but_o to_o one_o so_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a contradiction_n that_o what_o in_o its_o nature_n be_v to_o be_v the_o right_n of_o one_o only_a can_v be_v common_a and_o the_o right_n of_o more_o than_o one_o other_o can_v have_v what_o be_v only_o to_o be_v have_v by_o i_o more_o than_o i_o can_v have_v only_o what_o be_v to_o be_v have_v by_o other_o with_o i_o therefore_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la may_v be_v enjoy_v by_o one_o or_o by_o many_o joint_o and_o by_o way_n of_o survivor_n but_o not_o by_o many_o by_o different_a title_n as_o belong_v to_o several_a freehold_n for_o sola_n &_o separalis_fw-la pastura_fw-la can_v be_v but_o soli_n &_o separatim_fw-la 95._o na._n br._n f._n 231._o a._n l._n c._n 8_o e._n 4._o f._n 17._o br._n grant_v pl._n 95._o if_o the_o king_n have_v a_o corody_n from_o a_o abbey_n of_o two_o or_o three_o loaf_n of_o bread_n per_fw-la diem_fw-la and_o of_o so_o many_o measure_n of_o drink_n this_o may_v be_v grant_v to_o two_o or_o three_o several_a person_n but_o if_o he_o have_v a_o corody_n of_o one_o meal_n a_o day_n or_o sustentationem_fw-la unius_fw-la valecti_fw-la per_fw-la diem_fw-la this_o

enter_v and_o be_v seize_v before_o the_o trespass_n suppose_v prout_fw-la lex_fw-la postulat_fw-la that_o mary_n one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v william_n rose_n july_n the_o first_o 1_o car._n 2._o die_v and_o that_o katherine_n her_o sister_n survive_v she_o and_o be_v still_o live_v that_o the_o say_v katherine_n october_n the_o first_o 20_o car._n 2._o at_o east-grimsted_n enter_v into_o the_o say_a tenement_n and_o be_v seize_v prout_fw-la lex_fw-la postulat_fw-la and_o the_o same_o day_n and_o year_n demise_v the_o same_o to_o the_o say_v thomas_n gardner_n the_o plaintiff_n from_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n than_o last_o pass_v for_o the_o term_n of_o five_o year_n then_o next_o follow_v by_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o say_v thomas_n gardner_n enter_v and_o be_v possess_v until_o the_o say_a joseph_n and_o daniel_n sheldon_n the_o same_o first_o day_n of_o october_n 20_o car._n 2._o enter_v upon_o he_o and_o eject_v he_o if_o upon_o the_o whole_a matter_n the_o justice_n shall_v think_v the_o say_a joseph_n and_o daniel_n sheldon_n culpable_a they_o find_v they_o culpable_a and_o assess_v damage_n to_o six_o penny_n and_o cost_v to_o twenty_o shilling_n but_o if_o the_o justice_n shall_v conceive_v they_o not_o culpable_a they_o find_v they_o not_o culpable_a upon_o the_o word_n my_o will_n be_v if_o it_o happen_v my_o son_n george_n mary_n and_o katherine_n my_o daughter_n do_v die_v without_o issue_n of_o their_o body_n lawful_o beget_v than_o all_o my_o free_a land_n which_o i_o be_o now_o seize_v of_o shall_v come_v remain_z and_o be_v to_o my_o say_a nephew_n william_n rose_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o the_o first_o question_n be_v whether_o by_o this_o will_v any_o estate_n be_v q._n 1_o devise_v to_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o testator_n or_o to_o his_o sister_n if_o any_o estate_n be_v devise_v what_o estate_n be_v so_o devise_v to_o they_o q._n 2_o or_o any_o of_o they_o the_o three_o question_n be_v what_o estate_n be_v by_o this_o will_v devise_v q._n 3_o to_o the_o nephew_n and_o if_o any_o be_v how_o it_o shall_v take_v effect_n whether_o as_o a_o remainder_n or_o as_o a_o executory_a devise_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o no_o estate_n be_v devise_v to_o the_o son_n or_o daughter_n or_o any_o of_o they_o by_o express_v and_o explicit_a devise_n but_o if_o any_o be_v it_o be_v devise_v by_o implication_n only_o and_o collection_n of_o the_o testator_n intent_n 2._o if_o any_o estate_n be_v give_v by_o this_o will_n by_o implication_n to_o the_o son_n or_o daughter_n or_o any_o of_o they_o it_o must_v be_v either_o a_o joint_a estate_n to_o they_o for_o their_o life_n with_o several_a inheritance_n in_o tail_n or_o several_a estate_n tail_n to_o they_o in_o succession_n that_o be_v to_o one_o first_o and_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o or_o her_o body_n and_o then_o to_o another_o and_o so_o successive_o 3._o such_o a_o entail_n in_o succession_n can_v possible_o be_v because_o it_o appear_v not_o by_o the_o will_n who_o shall_v first_o take_v and_o have_v such_o estate_n and_o who_o next_o etc._n etc._n and_o therefore_o such_o a_o entail_n be_v mere_o void_a for_o the_o incertainty_n of_o the_o person_n first_o take_v as_o be_v right_o observe_v and_o assent_v to_o at_o the_o bar._n it_o remain_v then_o that_o the_o estate_n devise_v by_o this_o will_v if_o any_o be_v to_o the_o son_n and_o his_o two_o sister_n must_v be_v a_o joint_a estate_n for_o their_o life_n with_o several_a inheritance_n to_o they_o in_o tail_n by_o implication_n only_o and_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o no_o such_o estate_n be_v devise_v by_o this_o will_n to_o the_o son_n and_o two_o daughter_n and_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o the_o law_n do_v not_o in_o conveyance_n of_o estate_n admit_v estate_n to_o pass_v by_o implication_n regular_o as_o be_v a_o way_n of_o pass_a estate_n not_o agreeable_a to_o the_o plainness_n require_v by_o law_n in_o transfer_v estate_n from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o for_o that_o the_o case_n be_v a_o man_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o manor_n 336._o seagood_n and_o hones_n case_n 10_o c._n 1._o cr._n f_o 336._o surrender_v to_o the_o use_n of_o francis_n reeve_n and_o of_o john_n son_n of_o the_o say_v francis_n and_o of_o the_o long_a liver_n of_o they_o and_o for_o want_v of_o issue_n of_o john_n lawful_o beget_v the_o remainder_n to_o the_o young_a son_n of_o mary_n seagood_n john_n have_v only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n and_o no_o estate_n tail_n by_o implication_n it_o be_v by_o conveyance_n though_o as_o the_o book_n be_v it_o may_v perhaps_o be_v a_o estate_n tail_n by_o will_n which_o show_v estate_n by_o implication_n be_v not_o at_o all_o favour_v in_o law_n though_o in_o man_n last_n will_v they_o be_v allow_v with_o due_a restriction_n in_o a_o will_v estate_n be_v often_o give_v by_o implication_n but_o i_o shall_v take_v this_o difference_n concern_v estate_n that_o pass_v by_o implication_n though_o it_o be_v by_o will._n a_o estate_n give_v by_o implication_n of_o a_o will_n if_o it_o be_v to_o the_o disinherit_n of_o the_o heir_n at_o law_n be_v not_o good_a if_o such_o implication_n be_v only_o constructive_a and_o possible_a but_o not_o a_o necessary_a implication_n i_o mean_v by_o a_o possible_a implication_n when_o it_o may_v be_v intend_v that_o the_o testator_n do_v purpose_n and_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o devise_v his_o land_n to_o a._n but_o it_o may_v also_o be_v as_o reasonable_o intend_v that_o he_o have_v no_o such_o purpose_n or_o intention_n to_o devise_v it_o to_o a._n but_o i_o call_v that_o a_o devise_n by_o necessary_a implication_n to_o a._n when_o a._n must_v have_v the_o thing_n devise_v or_o none_o else_o can_v have_v it_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o implication_n be_v only_o possible_a and_o not_o necessary_a the_o testator_n intent_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v to_o disinherit_v the_o heir_n in_o thwart_v the_o dispose_n which_o the_o law_n make_v of_o the_o land_n leave_v it_o to_o descend_v where_o the_o intention_n of_o the_o testator_n be_v not_o apparent_o and_o not_o ambiguous_o to_o the_o contrary_n 368._o spirit_n &_o bence_n c._n 8_o car._n 1._o cro._n 368._o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o case_n be_v 8_o car._n 1._o where_o thomas_n cann_n devise_v to_o henry_n his_o young_a son_n item_n i_o give_v to_o the_o say_v henry_n my_o pasture_n in_o the_o south-field_n and_o also_o i_o will_v that_o all_o bargain_n grant_n and_o covenant_n which_o i_o have_v from_o nicholas_n welb_n my_o son_n henry_n shall_v enjoy_v and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o for_o lack_v of_o heir_n of_o his_o body_n to_o remain_v to_o my_o son_n francis_n for_o ever_o it_o grow_v a_o question_n whether_o this_o be_v a_o intayl_n to_o henry_n of_o the_o south-field_n or_o only_o of_o the_o bargain_n and_o grant_n which_o the_o testator_n have_v from_o welb_n which_o be_v a_o very_a measure_v case_n and_o in_o determine_v this_o case_n all_o the_o four_o judge_n agree_v that_o the_o word_n of_o a_o will_n which_o shall_v disinherit_v the_o heir_n at_o common_a law_n must_v have_v a_o clear_a and_o apparent_a intent_n and_o not_o be_v ambiguous_a or_o any_o way_n doubtful_a so_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o the_o book_n and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v in_o that_o case_n that_o only_o the_o bargain_n and_o grant_n have_v from_o welb_n be_v entail_v to_o the_o young_a son_n and_o that_o he_o have_v only_o a_o estate_n for_o life_n in_o the_o pasture_n in_o the_o south-field_n 1._o i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o clear_a the_o difference_n i_o have_v take_v that_o the_o heir_n shall_v never_o be_v disinherit_v by_o a_o devise_n in_o a_o will_n by_o implication_n and_o not_o explicit_a where_o the_o implication_n be_v only_o a_o possible_a implication_n and_o not_o a_o necessary_a implication_n 2._o in_o the_o second_o place_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o word_n of_o this_o will_v do_v not_o import_v a_o devise_n to_o the_o son_n and_o the_o two_o daughter_n for_o their_o life_n joint_o with_o respective_a inheritance_n in_o tail_n to_o the_o heir_n of_o their_o several_a body_n by_o any_o necessary_a implication_n but_o only_o by_o a_o implication_n that_o be_v possible_a by_o construction_n 3._o in_o the_o three_o place_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o be_v so_o as_o to_o the_o case_n in_o question_n it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o devise_n by_o way_n of_o remainder_n to_o the_o nephew_n be_v void_a or_o not_o 4._o in_o the_o four_o place_n ex_fw-la abundante_fw-la and_o to_o make_v the_o will_n of_o the_o testator_n not_o ineffectual_a in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o will_n i_o shall_v show_v that_o the_o nephew_n have_v

not_o the_o land_n devise_v to_o he_o when_o the_o son_n and_o the_o two_o daughter_n die_v without_o issue_n of_o their_o respective_a body_n by_o way_n of_o remainder_n which_o can_v be_v but_o by_o way_n of_o executory_a devise_n which_o well_o may_v be_v 5._o that_o by_o such_o executory_a devise_n no_o perpetuity_n be_v consequent_a to_o it_o or_o if_o it_o be_v such_o a_o perpetuity_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a or_o contrary_a to_o law_n to_o manifest_v the_o difference_n take_v between_o a_o implication_n in_o a_o will_n that_o be_v necessary_a and_o implication_n that_o be_v only_o possible_a the_o first_o case_n i_o shall_v cite_v be_v that_o know_a case_n 13_o h._n 7._o which_o i_o shall_v exact_o put_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o book_n at_o large_a 52._o 13_o h._n 7._o f._n 17._o br._n devise_v pl._n 52._o a_o man_n devise_v his_o good_n to_o his_o wife_n and_o that_o after_o the_o decease_n of_o his_o wife_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o house_n where_o his_o good_n be_v the_o son_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o house_n during_o the_o wife_n life_n for_o though_o it_o be_v not_o express_o devise_v to_o the_o wife_n yet_o his_o intent_n appear_v the_o son_n shall_v not_o have_v it_o during_o her_o life_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o good_a devise_n to_o the_o wife_n for_o life_n by_o implication_n and_o the_o devisor_n intent_n quod_fw-la omnes_fw-la justitiarii_fw-la concesserunt_fw-la here_o i_o observe_v 1._o that_o this_o be_v a_o devise_n of_o the_o house_n to_o the_o wife_n by_o necessary_a implication_n for_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o will_n that_o the_o testator_n son_n and_o heir_n be_v not_o to_o have_v it_o until_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o wife_n and_o then_o it_o must_v either_o be_v devise_v to_o the_o wife_n for_o life_n by_o necessary_a implication_n or_o none_o be_v to_o have_v it_o during_o the_o wife_n life_n which_o can_v not_o be_v 2._o i_o observe_v upon_o this_o case_n that_o though_o the_o good_n be_v by_o particular_a devise_v give_v to_o the_o wife_n and_o express_o that_o be_v no_o hindrance_n to_o the_o wife_n have_v the_o house_n devise_v to_o she_o also_o by_o her_o husband_n by_o implication_n necessary_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o note_v because_o man_n of_o great_a name_n have_v conceive_v that_o where_o the_o devisee_fw-mi take_v any_o thing_n by_o express_a devise_n of_o the_o testator_n such_o devisee_fw-mi shall_v not_o have_v any_o other_o thing_n by_o that_o will_v devise_v only_o by_o implication_n which_o difference_n if_o it_o be_v according_a to_o law_n it_o make_v clear_o against_o the_o plaintiff_n because_o his_o lessor_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o testator_n have_v devise_v to_o she_o express_o for_o a_o portion_n and_o therefore_o she_o shall_v not_o have_v any_o estate_n in_o the_o land_n by_o the_o same_o will_n by_o a_o devise_n by_o implication_n as_o be_v pretend_v but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o be_v a_o vain_a difference_n that_o have_v be_v take_v by_o many_o as_o i_o shall_v anon_o evince_v and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o any_o aid_n from_o it_o to_o my_o conclusion_n 3._o i_o note_v that_o this_o devise_v be_v before_o the_o statute_n of_o 32_o h._n 8._o of_o will_n the_o house_n devise_v must_v be_v conceive_v devisable_v by_o custom_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o i_o proceed_v further_o i_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o brook_n in_o abridge_n the_o case_n of_o 13_o h._n 7._o in_o the_o same_o numero_fw-la say_v 52._o devise_v br._n n._n 52._o it_o be_v agree_v tempore_fw-la h._n 8._o per_fw-la omnes_fw-la that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v that_o j._n s._n shall_v have_v his_o land_n in_o dale_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o house_n for_o her_o life_n by_o his_o apparent_a intent_n i_o note_v first_o that_o this_o case_n be_v imperfect_o put_v in_o brook_n for_o it_o mention_n a_o devise_n of_o the_o land_n in_o dale_n to_o j._n s._n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n and_o then_o conclude_v that_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o house_n for_o her_o life_n by_o his_o apparent_a intent_n whereas_o no_o mention_n be_v make_v of_o a_o house_n but_o of_o the_o land_n in_o dale_n in_o the_o devise_n and_o this_o case_n seem_v to_o be_v only_o a_o memory_n of_o another_o case_n 48._o br._n devise_v 29_o h._n 8._o n._n 48._o not_o abridge_v by_o brook_n out_o of_o any_o other_o year-book_n but_o report_v in_o his_o abridgement_n in_o the_o title_n devise_v as_o a_o case_n happen_v in_o 29_o h._n 8._o which_o be_v that_o if_o a_o man_n will_v that_o j._n s._n shall_v have_v his_o land_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n and_z dies_z the_o wife_n of_o the_o devisor_n shall_v have_v those_o land_n for_o term_n of_o her_o life_n by_o those_o word_n ratione_fw-la intentionis_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la which_o case_n be_v in_o truth_n but_o one_o and_o the_o same_o case_n seem_v to_o go_v further_o than_o the_o case_n of_o 13_o h._n 7._o for_o there_o as_o i_o observe_v before_o the_o wife_n be_v to_o take_v by_o necessary_a implication_n because_o the_o heir_n be_v exclude_v express_o by_o the_o will_n during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o wife_n but_o by_o this_o case_n in_o br._n title_n devise_v n._n 48._o &_o 52._o there_o be_v no_o exclude_v of_o the_o heir_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v say_v the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o land_n during_o her_o life_n by_o implication_n which_o be_v no_o necessary_a implication_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o 13_o h._n 7._o but_o only_a a_o possible_a implication_n and_o seem_v to_o cross_v that_o difference_n i_o have_v take_v before_o but_o this_o case_n of_o br._n have_v many_o time_n be_v deny_v to_o be_v law_n and_o several_a judgement_n have_v be_v give_v against_o it_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o some_o of_o they_o to_o justify_v the_o difference_n i_o have_v take_v exact_o as_o i_o shall_v press_v the_o case_n trinity_n 3_o e._n 6._o a_o man_n seize_v of_o a_o manor_n part_n in_o demesne_n 24._o 3_o e._n 6._o moor_n rep._n f._n 7._o n._n 24._o and_o part_n in_o service_n devise_v all_o the_o demesne_fw-la land_n express_o to_o his_o wife_n during_o her_o life_n and_o devise_v to_o she_o also_o all_o the_o service_n and_o chief_a rent_n for_o fifteen_o year_n and_o then_o devise_v the_o whole_a manor_n to_o a_o stranger_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o wife_n it_o be_v resolve_v by_o all_o the_o justice_n that_o the_o last_o devise_n shall_v not_o take_v effect_n for_o any_o part_n of_o the_o manor_n but_o after_o the_o wife_n death_n but_o yet_o the_o wife_n shall_v not_o have_v the_o whole_a manor_n by_o implication_n during_o her_o life_n but_o shall_v have_v only_o the_o demesne_n for_o her_o life_n and_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n for_o fifteen_o year_n and_o that_o after_o the_o fifteen_o year_n end_v the_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o rent_n and_o service_n as_o long_o as_o the_o wife_n live_v here_o be_v no_o necessary_a implication_n that_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o manor_n during_o her_o life_n with_o a_o exclusion_n of_o the_o heir_n she_o have_v no_o more_o than_o be_v explicity_n give_v she_o by_o the_o will_n viz._n the_o demesne_n for_o life_n and_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n for_o fifteen_o year_n but_o after_o the_o fifteen_o year_n the_o heir_n have_v the_o rent_n and_o service_n for_o it_o can_v be_v no_o more_o at_o most_o but_o a_o possible_a implication_n that_o the_o wife_n shall_v have_v the_o whole_a manor_n during_o her_o life_n but_o with_o a_o small_a variance_n of_o this_o case_n if_o the_o demesne_n have_v be_v devise_v to_o the_o wife_n for_o life_n and_o the_o service_n and_o rent_n for_o fifteen_o year_n and_o the_o whole_a manor_n after_o the_o wife_n life_n to_o j._n s._n and_o that_o after_o the_o wife_n life_n and_o the_o life_n of_o j._n s._n his_o heir_n shall_v have_v have_v the_o demesne_n and_o service_n and_o rent_n in_o that_o case_n it_o have_v be_v exact_o the_o same_o with_o the_o case_n of_o 13_o h._n 7._o because_o the_o devisor_n intent_n have_v be_v then_o apparent_a that_o the_o son_n be_v not_o to_o have_v the_o manor_n or_o any_o part_n until_o the_o wife_n and_o stranger_n be_v both_o dead_a and_o as_o it_o be_v adjudge_v the_o stranger_n have_v nothing_o in_o the_o manor_n until_o the_o wife_n death_n therefore_o in_o that_o case_n by_o necessary_a implication_n the_o wife_n must_v have_v have_v both_o demesne_n and_o service_n during_o her_o life_n notwithstanding_o the_o explicit_a devise_n to_o she_o of_o the_o rent_n and_o service_n for_o fifteen_o year_n otherwise_o none_o shall_v have_v have_v the_o rent_n and_o service_n after_o the_o fifteen_o year_n

retail_n or_o in_o gross_a to_o their_o best_a advantage_n in_o their_o house_n or_o elsewhere_o non_fw-la obstante_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o 7_o e._n 6._o they_o find_v the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o c._n 25._o and_o the_o confirmation_n of_o it_o concern_v the_o give_v licence_n to_o retail_v wine_n and_o the_o proviso_n therein_o prout_fw-la provide_v also_o that_o this_o act_n or_o any_o thing_n therein_o contain_v shall_v not_o extend_v or_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o master_n warden_n freeman_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o vintner_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n or_o to_o any_o other_o city_n or_o town_n corporate_a but_o that_o they_o may_v use_v and_o enjoy_v such_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n as_o heretofore_o they_o have_v lawful_o use_v and_o enjoy_v they_o find_v that_o the_o master_n warden_n freeman_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o vintner_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v a_o ancient_a corporation_n of_o the_o say_a city_n of_o london_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o and_o incorporate_v by_o the_o name_n of_o master_n warden_n freeman_n and_o commonalty_n of_o the_o mystery_n of_o vintner_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n they_o find_v that_o the_o defendant_n three_o year_n before_o and_o during_o all_o the_o time_n in_o the_o information_n use_v the_o trade_n of_o retail_v of_o wine_n and_o keep_v a_o tavern_n in_o the_o parish_n of_o stepney_n in_o the_o county_n of_o middlesex_n be_v a_o inhabitant_n there_o and_o that_o the_o defendant_n house_n in_o which_o the_o say_a wine_n be_v sell_v be_v within_o two_o mile_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n they_o find_v that_o the_o defendant_n within_o the_o time_n in_o the_o information_n mention_v do_v sell_v ten_o pint_n of_o sack_n as_o in_o the_o information_n mention_v to_o be_v drink_v and_o spend_v in_o his_o say_a dwelling_n house_n be_v a_o tavern_n in_o the_o say_a parish_n of_o stepney_n they_o find_v that_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o say_a wine_n and_o three_o year_n before_o the_o defendant_n be_v a_o natural_a bear_v subject_n of_o the_o king_n and_o a_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n of_o the_o say_a company_n of_o vintner_n si_fw-mi pro_fw-la quer_n quoad_fw-la 50_o l._n pro_fw-la quer_n si_fw-mi pro_fw-la def._n pro_fw-la def._n 1_o s._n upon_o this_o special_a verdict_n three_o question_n have_v be_v raise_v 1._o whether_o the_o patent_n of_o 9_o jac._n be_v not_o void_a in_o its_o creation_n 2._o admit_v it_o be_v not_o void_a in_o its_o creation_n whether_o it_o become_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n 3._o if_o it_o be_v a_o good_a patent_n in_o the_o creation_n nor_o be_v void_a by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n whether_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o save_v all_o the_o right_n of_o the_o master_n warden_n freeman_n and_o commonalty_n of_o vintner_n in_o the_o city_n of_o london_n have_v preserve_v all_o that_o right_n which_o they_o have_v by_o the_o patent_n of_o 9_o jac._n against_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2_o 1._o i_o conceive_v that_o if_o the_o patent_n 9_o jac._n be_v not_o void_a in_o the_o creation_n it_o remain_v good_a after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n 2._o if_o it_o be_v not_o void_a in_o the_o creation_n nor_o by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n all_o right_n that_o the_o master_n warden_n freeman_n and_o commonalty_n of_o vintner_n have_v by_o it_o be_v still_o preserve_v by_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o but_o if_o the_o patent_n of_o 9_o jac._n be_v void_a in_o its_o creation_n or_o by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n james_n than_o the_o proviso_n in_o the_o act_n of_o 12_o car._n 2._o aid_n they_o not_o at_o all_o so_o as_o now_o it_o be_v only_o insist_v on_o that_o the_o patent_n of_o 9_o jac._n be_v void_a in_o its_o creation_n for_o two_o reason_n 1._o for_o that_o the_o law_n of_o 7_o e._n 6._o be_v such_o a_o law_n pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la as_o the_o king_n can_v not_o dispense_v against_o it_o more_o than_o with_o some_o other_o penal_a law_n pro_fw-la bono_fw-mi publico_fw-la 2._o if_o he_o can_v to_o particular_a person_n he_o can_v not_o to_o the_o corporation_n of_o vintner_n and_o their_o successor_n who_o number_n or_o person_n the_o king_n can_v never_o know_v and_o that_o it_o stand_v not_o with_o the_o trust_n repose_v in_o he_o by_o the_o law_n to_o dispense_v so_o general_o without_o any_o prospect_n of_o number_n or_o person_n the_o book_n have_v be_v plentiful_o urge_v at_o the_o bar_n and_o by_o my_o brother_n who_o argue_v before_o i_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o actum_fw-la agere_fw-la to_o repeat_v they_o but_o i_o observe_v not_o that_o any_o steady_a rule_n have_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o case_n cite_v to_o guide_v a_o man_n judgement_n where_o the_o king_n may_v or_o may_v not_o dispense_v in_o penal_a law_n except_v that_o old_a rule_n take_v from_o the_o case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o 12._o 11_o h._n 7._o f._n 11_o 12._o that_o with_o malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la by_o stat._n the_o king_n may_v dispense_v but_o not_o with_o malum_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la but_o i_o think_v that_o rule_n have_v more_o confound_v man_n judgement_n on_o that_o subject_n than_o rectify_v they_o yet_o i_o conceive_v that_o case_n and_o the_o instance_n give_v in_o it_o right_o understand_v to_o be_v the_o best_a key_n afford_v by_o our_o book_n to_o open_v this_o dark_a learning_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o of_o dispensation_n to_o which_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o or_o principal_o apply_v myself_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o it_o i_o must_v previous_o assent_v that_o every_o act_n a_o man_n be_v natural_o enable_v to_o do_v be_v in_o itself_o equal_o good_a as_o any_o other_o act_n he_o be_v so_o enable_v to_o do_v and_o so_o all_o the_o schoolman_n agree_v that_o actus_fw-la qua_fw-la actus_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la malus_fw-la 4.15_o rom._n 4.15_o and_o that_o man_n act_n be_v good_a or_o bad_a only_a as_o they_o be_v precept_v or_o prohibit_v by_o a_o law_n according_a to_o that_o truth_n where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o transgression_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o malum_fw-la be_v in_o truth_n a_o malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la by_o some_o law_n in_o the_o next_o place_n i_o mean_v by_o the_o word_n dispensation_n when_o i_o use_v it_o another_o thing_n than_o some_o of_o my_o brother_n define_v it_o to_o be_v namely_o that_o it_o be_v liberatio_fw-la à_fw-la poena_fw-la or_o as_o other_o that_o it_o be_v provida_fw-la relaxatio_fw-la juris_fw-la which_o be_v define_v a_o ignotum_fw-la per_fw-la ignotius_fw-la but_o liberare_fw-la à_fw-la poena_fw-la be_v the_o proper_a effect_n of_o a_o pardon_n not_o of_o a_o dispensation_n for_o a_o dispensation_n obtain_v do_v jus_o dare_n and_o make_v the_o thing_n prohibit_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v by_o he_o who_o have_v it_o upon_o which_o depend_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o many_o case_n which_o admit_v not_o of_o dispensation_n but_o a_o pardon_n free_v from_o the_o punishment_n due_a for_o a_o thing_n unlawful_o do_v yet_o freedom_n from_o punishment_n be_v a_o consequent_a of_o a_o dispensation_n though_o not_o its_o effect_n but_o so_o it_o be_v also_o a_o consequent_a of_o repeal_n the_o law_n and_o a_o consequent_a of_o a_o exception_n at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o law_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n or_o person_n from_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o case_n itself_o of_o 11_o h._n 7._o wherein_o i_o agree_v that_o with_o malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la by_o stat._n indefinite_o understand_v the_o king_n may_v dispense_v but_o i_o deny_v that_o the_o king_n can_v dispense_v with_o every_o malum_fw-la prohibitum_fw-la by_o statute_n though_o prohibit_v by_o statute_n only_o 1._o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v nuisance_n that_o be_v transient_a and_o not_o continue_v as_o a_o nuisance_n in_o the_o highway_n which_o still_o continue_v and_o be_v not_o end_v until_o remove_v can_v be_v pardon_v so_o of_o a_o watercourse_n divert_v or_o a_o bridge_n break_v down_o 237._o cok._n pla._n coron_n f._n 237._o they_o can_v be_v pardon_v so_o as_o to_o acquit_v the_o nusance-maker_n for_o commit_v they_o but_o the_o fine_a or_o punishment_n impose_v for_o the_o do_v may_v be_v pardon_v but_o break_v the_o assize_n of_o bread_n and_o ale_n forestalling_a the_o market_n engross_a regrate_a or_o the_o like_a which_o continue_v not_o but_o which_o be_v over_o assoon_o as_o do_v until_o do_v de_fw-fr novo_fw-la again_o may_v be_v pardon_v like_o other_o offence_n so_o as_o the_o offender_n shall_v not_o be_v implead_v for_o they_o otherwise_o than_o by_o person_n who_o have_v receive_v particular_a damage_n which_o the_o king_n can_v remit_v

take_n from_o another_o which_o the_o word_n steal_v import_v to_o be_v lawful_a unlawful_a swear_v which_o perjury_n import_v to_o be_v lawful_a a_o unlawful_a entry_n upon_o a_o man_n house_n or_o land_n which_o the_o word_n trespass_n import_v to_o be_v lawful_a and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n so_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n will_v be_v both_o lawful_a and_o unlawful_a which_o be_v impossible_a for_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o law_n make_v murder_n steal_v perjury_n trespass_n or_o any_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o mala_fw-la instanced_a in_o lawful_a will_v be_v a_o void_a law_n in_o itself_o for_o a_o law_n which_o a_o man_n can_v obey_v nor_o act_n according_a to_o it_o be_v void_a and_o no_o law_n and_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o obey_v contradiction_n or_o act_n according_a to_o they_o therefore_o i_o may_v conclude_v those_o thing_n to_o be_v mala_fw-la in_o se_fw-la which_o can_v never_o be_v make_v lawful_a the_o instance_n in_o that_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o be_v none_o of_o these_o but_o near_o they_o the_o word_n be_v but_o malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la the_o king_n nor_o any_o other_o can_v dispense_v and_o instance_v si_fw-mi come_v si_fw-fr le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr voyloit_n pardon_v the_o occider_n un_fw-fr homme_fw-fr ou_fw-fr de_fw-fr fair_a nuisance_n in_o le_fw-fr haut_fw-fr chemin_fw-fr ceo_fw-la est_fw-la void_a where_o by_o the_o way_n pardon_n be_v misprinted_n for_o pocar_n do_v for_o the_o king_n may_v pardon_v kill_v a_o man_n but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v give_v power_n to_o kill_v a_o man_n or_o to_o make_v a_o nuisance_n in_o the_o highway_n it_o be_v void_a and_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n a_o licence_n to_o imprison_v a_o man_n to_o take_v his_o land_n his_o horse_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v he_o from_o he_o be_v void_a for_o in_o life_n liberty_n and_o estate_n every_o man_n who_o have_v not_o forfeit_v they_o have_v a_o property_n and_o right_n which_o the_o law_n allow_v he_o to_o defend_v and_o if_o it_o be_v violate_v it_o give_v a_o action_n to_o redress_v the_o wrong_n and_o to_o punish_v the_o wrongdoer_n therefore_o a_o dispensation_n that_o be_v to_o make_v lawful_a the_o take_n from_o a_o man_n any_o thing_n which_o he_o may_v lawful_o defend_v from_o be_v take_v or_o lawful_o punish_v if_o it_o be_v must_v be_v void_a for_o it_o be_v a_o contradiction_n to_o make_v it_o lawful_a to_o take_v what_o may_v be_v lawful_o hinder_v from_o be_v take_v or_o lawful_o punish_v if_o it_o be_v and_o that_o be_v to_o make_v two_o man_n have_v several_a plenary_a right_n in_o the_o same_o thing_n at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o no_o law_n can_v effect_v therefore_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n which_o no_o law_n can_v make_v lawful_a must_v be_v malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la but_o these_o instance_n differ_v from_o the_o former_a for_o kill_v a_o man_n or_o take_v from_o he_o his_o land_n or_o good_n do_v not_o import_v ex_fw-la vi_fw-la termini_fw-la that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a as_o murder_n and_o steal_v do_v for_o in_o many_o case_n kill_v a_o man_n or_o take_v his_o liberty_n or_o good_n from_o he_o be_v lawful_a and_o where_o it_o be_v not_o may_v by_o a_o law_n be_v make_v so_o which_o the_o other_o can_v never_o be_v as_o every_o new_a capital_a punishment_n ordain_v by_o law_n make_v kill_v a_o man_n lawful_a where_o it_o be_v not_o before_o every_o new_a aid_n grant_v out_o of_o man_n estate_n make_v a_o take_n from_o man_n lawful_a that_o be_v not_o before_o but_o this_o be_v because_o a_o law_n can_v alter_v change_n or_o transferr_v a_o man_n property_n in_o life_n liberty_n estate_n or_o any_o interest_n as_o it_o will_v which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o a_o law_n and_o thereby_o nothing_o unlawful_a be_v make_v lawful_a but_o the_o property_n which_o a_o man_n have_v and_o be_v the_o subject_a matter_n of_o the_o unlawful_a do_v or_o take_v before_o be_v alter_v or_o transfer_v to_o another_o either_o in_o toto_fw-la or_o in_fw-la tanto_fw-la so_o as_o to_o violate_v man_n property_n be_v never_o lawful_a but_o a_o malum_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la as_o that_o book_n be_v of_o 11_o h._n 7._o and_o according_a to_o that_o of_o bracton_n 132_o bract._n l._n 3._o f._n 132_o rex_fw-la non_fw-la poterit_fw-la gratiam_fw-la facere_fw-la cum_fw-la injuria_fw-la &_o damno_fw-la aliorum_fw-la quod_fw-la autem_fw-la alienum_fw-la est_fw-la dare_v non_fw-la potest_fw-la per_fw-la svam_fw-la gratiam_fw-la but_o to_o alter_v or_o transferr_v man_n property_n to_o other_o be_v no_o malum_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la it_o be_v daily_o do_v by_o the_o owner_n express_a consent_n and_o by_o a_o law_n without_o their_o express_a consent_n and_o as_o the_o law_n be_v the_o lord_n of_o a_o villain_n may_v transferr_v his_o villain_n property_n in_o land_n or_o good_n to_o himself_o by_o entry_n or_o seizure_n and_o it_o be_v the_o signal_n difference_n between_o a_o freeman_n and_o villain_n that_o it_o can_v be_v do_v to_o a_o freeman_n nor_o yet_o to_o a_o villain_n to_o the_o use_n of_o any_o but_o his_o lord_n the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a grotius_n in_o his_o excellent_a work_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la be_v most_o apposite_a upon_o this_o subject_n 6._o grot._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la ac_fw-la pacis_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 1._o sect._n 5_o 6._o sicut_fw-la ergo_fw-la ut_fw-la bis_fw-la duo_fw-la non_fw-la sint_fw-la quatuor_fw-la ne_fw-la à_fw-la deo_fw-la quidem_fw-la potest_fw-la effici_fw-la ita_fw-la ne_fw-la hoc_fw-la quidem_fw-la ut_fw-la quod_fw-la intrinseca_fw-la ratione_fw-la malum_fw-la est_fw-la malum_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la and_o then_o follow_v after_o some_o further_a explanation_n of_o his_o notion_n ita_fw-la si_fw-la quem_fw-la deus_fw-la occidi_fw-la praecipiat_fw-la aut_fw-la res_fw-la alicujus_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la licitum_fw-la fiet_fw-la homicidium_fw-la aut_fw-la furtum_fw-la quae_fw-la voces_fw-la vitium_fw-la involvunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la homicidium_fw-la aut_fw-la furtum_fw-la quod_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o rerum_fw-la supremo_fw-la domino_fw-la auctore_fw-la fit_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o to_o say_v si_fw-mi quem_fw-la lex_fw-la occidi_fw-la praecipiat_fw-la aut_fw-la res_fw-la alicujus_fw-la auferri_fw-la non_fw-la licitum_fw-la fiet_fw-la homicidium_fw-la aut_fw-la furtum_fw-la quae_fw-la voces_fw-la vitium_fw-la involvunt_fw-la sed_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la homicidium_fw-la aut_fw-la furtum_fw-la quod_fw-la a_o lege_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la &_o rerum_fw-la potestatem_fw-la habente_fw-la auctore_fw-la fit_n if_o any_o need_v further_a satisfaction_n concern_v what_o have_v be_v say_v on_o this_o occasion_n he_o may_v resort_v with_o success_n to_o the_o place_n quote_v of_o that_o great_a lawyer_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o alter_v or_o change_v property_n be_v no_o subject_a matter_n for_o a_o dispensation_n a_o man_n be_v not_o dispense_v with_o to_o do_v a_o act_n which_o he_o can_v do_v but_o to_o do_v a_o act_n which_o simple_o he_o can_v do_v but_o the_o law_n prohibit_v his_o do_v it_o penal_o but_o alter_v or_o change_v property_n be_v a_o act_n simple_o out_o of_o his_o power_n to_o do_v which_o shall_v be_v dispense_v with_o in_o that_o behalf_n and_o thus_o we_o see_v violation_n of_o property_n be_v a_o malum_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la by_o that_o book_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o and_o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v so_o and_o can_v be_v dispense_v with_o a_o three_o kind_n of_o malum_fw-la per_fw-la se_fw-la by_o that_o case_n of_o 11_o h._n 7._o 7._o 11_o h._n 7._o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n admit_v to_o be_v special_o prohibit_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la et_fw-la isint_fw-la le_fw-fr roy_fw-fr ne_fw-fr nul_fw-fr evesque_fw-la ou_fw-fr presbyter_n poit_fw-fr donor_n licence_n a_o un_fw-fr de_fw-fr fair_a lechery_n quia_fw-la est_fw-la malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la say_v the_o book_n that_o be_v coition_n without_o wedlock_n which_o offence_n when_o by_o mutual_a consent_n injure_v no_o property_n have_v two_o husband_n or_o two_o wife_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o that_o be_v also_o against_o the_o property_n of_o the_o first_o husband_n or_o wife_n marriage_n within_o the_o levitical_a degree_n 38._o 32_o h._n 8._o c._n 38._o all_o which_o be_v admit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o be_v prohibit_v jure_fw-la divino_fw-la and_o can_v be_v dispense_v with_o for_o no_o human_a authority_n can_v make_v lawful_a what_o divine_a authority_n have_v make_v unlawful_a without_o god_n leave_n and_o then_o it_o be_v by_o his_o authority_n many_o more_o particular_n fall_v under_o this_o head_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o now_o mention_v hence_o i_o infer_v mala_fw-la in_o se_fw-la to_o be_v only_o such_o as_o imply_v a_o contradiction_n to_o be_v make_v lawful_a and_o consequent_o what_o may_v be_v make_v lawful_a by_o human_a law_n to_o be_v no_o malum_fw-la in_o se_fw-la as_o not_o differ_v from_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v permit_v or_o prohibit_v occasional_o at_o the_o

ne_fw-la exeat_fw-la regnum_fw-la de_fw-fr leproso_fw-la amovendo_fw-la de_fw-la apostata_fw-la capiendo_fw-la ad_fw-la quod_fw-la damnum_fw-la and_o writ_n to_o call_v person_n thence_o as_o have_v be_v do_v before_o they_o have_v burgess_n to_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n and_o writ_n of_o error_n into_o all_o dominion_n belong_v to_o england_n lie_v upon_o the_o ultimate_a judgement_n there_o give_v into_o the_o king_n court_n of_o england_n to_o reverse_v judgement_n or_o affirm_v which_o be_v the_o only_a writ_n which_o concern_v right_a and_o property_n between_o the_o subject_n that_o lie_v the_o reason_n be_v first_o for_o that_o without_o such_o writ_n the_o law_n appoint_v or_o permit_v to_o such_o inferior_a dominion_n may_v be_v insensible_o change_v within_o itself_o without_o the_o assent_n of_o the_o dominion_n superior_a second_o judgement_n may_v be_v then_o give_v to_o the_o disadvantage_n or_o lessen_v of_o the_o superiority_n which_o can_v be_v reasonable_a or_o to_o make_v the_o superiority_n to_o be_v only_o of_o the_o king_n not_o of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o king_n james_n once_o will_v have_v it_o in_o the_o case_n of_o ireland_n ex_fw-la relatione_fw-la j._n selden_n mihi_fw-la who_o king_n james_n consult_v in_o this_o question_n the_o practice_n have_v always_o be_v according_o as_o be_v familiar_o know_v by_o reversal_a or_o affirmance_n of_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o ireland_n in_o the_o king_n bench_n here_o which_o be_v enough_o alone_a to_o prove_v the_o law_n to_o be_v so_o to_o other_o subordinate_a dominion_n 3._o 21_o h._n 7._o f._n 3._o and_o it_o be_v as_o clear_v that_o writ_n of_o error_n do_v lie_v in_o the_o king_n bench_n to_o reverse_v judgement_n in_o calais_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v alike_o per_fw-la curiam_fw-la for_o which_o be_v divers_a precedent_n this_o be_v the_o state_n of_o wales_n when_o it_o first_o become_v a_o accession_n to_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n under_o e._n 1._o and_o when_o it_o be_v far_o from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o england_n as_o before_o it_o be_v add_v to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o as_o other_o dominion_n add_v to_o it_o be_v 7_o h._n 4._o f._n 14._o it_o be_v question_v only_o whether_o a_o protection_n quia_fw-la moratur_fw-la in_o obsequio_fw-la nostro_fw-la in_o wallia_fw-la be_v good_a because_o say_v the_o book_n it_o be_v within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n it_o may_v be_v as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o bastardy_n the_o husband_n be_v infra_fw-la quatuor_fw-la maria_fw-la which_o doubtless_o be_v the_o isle_n of_o britain_n so_o the_o primacy_n of_o bishop_n in_o scotland_n and_o wales_n be_v that_o of_o england_n qu._n about_o this_o but_o that_o give_v no_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o court_n there_o be_v two_o way_n by_o which_o alteration_n may_v be_v wrought_v the_o first_o by_o act_n of_o parliament_n in_o england_n make_v law_n to_o change_v either_o the_o law_n or_o jurisdiction_n of_o wales_n or_o both_o the_o second_o by_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o law_n former_o by_o he_o establish_v by_o e._n 1._o himself_o and_o perhaps_o by_o his_o successor_n king_n of_o england_n without_o parliament_n by_o a_o clause_n contain_v in_o the_o close_a of_o that_o statute_n or_o ordinance_n call_v statutum_n walliae_n in_o these_o word_n et_fw-la ideo_fw-la vobis_fw-la mandamus_fw-la quod_fw-la premissa_fw-la de_fw-la caetero_fw-la in_o omnibus_fw-la observetis_fw-la ita_fw-la tantum_fw-la quod_fw-la quotiescunque_fw-la &_o quandocunque_fw-la &_o ubicunque_fw-la nobis_fw-la placuerit_fw-la possimus_fw-la predicta_fw-la statuta_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la part_n singulas_fw-la declarare_fw-la interpretari_fw-la addere_fw-la sive_fw-la diminuere_fw-la pro_fw-la nostrae_fw-la libito_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la prout_fw-la securitati_fw-la nostrae_fw-la &_o terrae_fw-la nostrae_fw-la predictae_fw-la viderimus_fw-la expediri_fw-la this_o seem_v to_o extend_v but_o to_o the_o person_n of_o e._n 1._o and_o not_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o however_o no_o such_o change_n be_v make_v by_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n but_o the_o first_o remarkable_a alteration_n make_v seem_v to_o have_v be_v by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o probable_o in_o the_o time_n of_o e._n 1._o who_o reign_v long_o after_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n but_o the_o act_n itself_o be_v not_o where_o extant_a that_o i_o can_v learn_v but_o great_a evidence_n that_o such_o there_o be_v which_o in_o some_o measure_n give_v a_o jurisdiction_n to_o the_o king_n court_n of_o england_n in_o wales_n not_o general_o but_o over_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n there_o this_o appear_v clear_o by_o a_o case_n 382._o fitz._n ass_n 18_o e._n 2._o pl._n 382._o not_o much_o note_v nor_o cite_v by_o any_o that_o i_o know_v to_o this_o purpose_n be_v out_o of_o the_o print_a year-book_n but_o print_v by_o fitz-herbert_a out_o of_o the_o report_v he_o have_v of_o e._n 2._o as_o he_o have_v of_o e._n 1._o and_o h._n 3._o all_o which_o we_o want_v whole_o though_o some_o copy_n be_v extant_a of_o e._n 2._o which_o case_n be_v the_o only_a light_n that_o i_o know_v to_o clear_v the_o question_n in_o hand_n a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n be_v bring_v against_o c._n de_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it in_o gowre_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o plaint_n be_v make_v of_o two_o commot_n which_o be_v misprinted_n commons_o and_o comprehend_v all_o govers-land_n now_o part_n of_o the_o county_n of_o glamorgan_n by_o 27_o h._n 8._o but_o be_v not_o so_o then_o the_o assize_n pass_v against_o the_o tenant_n before_o the_o justice_n assign_v to_o take_v assize_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n the_o tenant_n bring_v his_o writ_n of_o error_n and_o assign_v for_o error_n 1._o that_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o gloucester_n and_o the_o land_n put_v in_o view_n be_v in_o wales_n 2_o that_o the_o land_n be_v out_o of_o the_o power_n and_o bayliwick_n of_o the_o sheriff_n of_o gloucester_n 3_o that_o the_o assize_n ought_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o land_n lie_v and_o that_o goures-land_n be_v in_o no_o county_n 4_o that_o the_o writ_n be_v the_o libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it in_o villa_n sive_fw-la hamletto_fw-it de_fw-mi goverse_n and_o gover_v be_v no_o village_n or_o hamlet_n but_o a_o entire_a country_n consist_v of_o two_o commot_n to_o these_o error_n assign_v scroop_n then_o chief_a justice_n make_v answer_n 1._o that_o gower_n be_v a_o great_a barony_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n and_o that_o every_o barony_n of_o the_o march_n have_v a_o chancellor_n and_o its_o own_o writ_n whereby_o one_o tenant_n wrong_v by_o another_o may_v be_v right_v but_o when_o the_o lord_n be_v out_v of_o his_o entire_a barony_n he_o can_v have_v no_o remedy_n by_o his_o own_o writ_n for_o he_o be_v out_v of_o all_o his_o jurisdiction_n and_o it_o be_v repugnant_a to_o demand_v justice_n of_o he_o who_o jurisdiction_n be_v question_v that_o be_v to_o give_v it_o ut_fw-la mihi_fw-la videtur_fw-la that_o therefore_o it_o be_v ordain_v by_o parliament_n when_o the_o baron_n or_o marcher_n be_v out_v of_o his_o barony_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n he_o ought_v to_o go_v to_o the_o king_n for_o remedy_n and_o have_v a_o writ_n in_o the_o king_n chancery_n direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o next_o english_a county_n and_o the_o sheriff_n of_o gloucester_n serve_v the_o writ_n as_o be_v the_o next_o english_a sheriff_n this_o be_v the_o most_o material_a the_o other_o error_n be_v also_o answer_v and_o the_o judgement_n be_v affirm_v from_o this_o case_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o from_o no_o other_o as_o i_o believe_v at_o least_o with_o so_o much_o clearness_n that_o the_o summons_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o wales_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o a_o issue_n there_o arise_v shall_v be_v by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o and_o in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v english_a county_n be_v first_o ordain_v by_o parliament_n though_o the_o act_n be_v not_o extant_a now_o nor_o be_v it_o conceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v a_o empty_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v by_o the_o common_a law_n as_o be_v touch_v in_o several_a book_n who_o know_v the_o practice_n but_o be_v stranger_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o it_o for_o if_o the_o law_n have_v be_v that_o a_o issue_n arise_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o court_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o that_o county_n of_o england_n next_o to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o issue_n do_v arise_v not_o only_o any_o issue_n arise_v in_o any_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n out_o of_o the_o realm_n may_v be_v try_v in_o england_n by_o that_o rule_n but_o any_o issue_n arise_v in_o any_o foreign_a part_n as_o france_n holland_n scotland_n or_o elsewhere_o that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n might_n pari_fw-la

ratione_fw-la be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n next_o adjoin_v whereof_o there_o be_v no_o vestigium_fw-la for_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o nor_o sort_v it_o any_o way_n with_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o law_n 2._o this_o ordinance_n of_o parliament_n extend_v not_o to_o all_o wales_n but_o only_o to_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n there_o nor_o any_o way_n comprehend_v the_o ancient_a shire_n of_o wales_n or_o body_n of_o the_o principality_n to_o which_o the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o rutland_n only_o extend_v for_o lordship_n marcher_n be_v out_o of_o the_o shire_n as_o appear_v by_o statute_n 27_o h._n 8._o 3._o it_o appear_v by_o the_o case_n that_o gower_n be_v not_o within_o any_o county_n at_o that_o time_n another_o case_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v in_o fitz_n herbert_n 23._o fitz._n jurisdiction_n 13_o e._n 3._o pl._n 23._o title_n jurisdiction_n and_o not_o in_o any_o other_o report_n 13_o e._n 3._o in_o a_o writ_n of_o cozenage_n the_o demand_n be_v of_o castle_n of_o k._n and_o commot_n of_o j._n the_o defendant_n plead_v the_o castle_n and_o commot_n be_v in_o wales_n where_o the_o king_n be_v write_v run_v not_o and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o word_n be_v not_o intelligible_a in_o the_o court_n of_o england_n and_o judgement_n be_v pray_v if_o the_o court_n will_v take_v conizance_n to_o give_v the_o court_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v urge_v press_o 1._o that_o they_o have_v give_v the_o court_n jurisdiction_n by_o allege_v the_o court_n know_v not_o what_o be_v mean_v by_o commot_n which_o the_o court_n be_v to_o determine_v whether_o it_o do_v or_o not_o therefore_o jurisdiction_n be_v admit_v therein_o 2._o parn_v press_v they_o have_v demand_v the_o view_n which_o give_v the_o court_n jurisdiction_n 3._o for_o that_o the_o original_a be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hereford_n who_o by_o his_o retorn_a have_v testify_v the_o summons_n and_o the_o tenant_n have_v appear_v and_o so_o affirm_v the_o summons_n 4._o for_o that_o the_o view_n be_v have_v notwithstanding_o all_o which_o to_o give_v the_o court_n jurisdiction_n it_o be_v say_v to_o parning_n he_o must_v say_v more_o before_o the_o court_n will_v have_v jurisdiction_n which_o evident_o prove_v that_o the_o court_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n general_o of_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o i_o observe_v from_o the_o former_a case_n and_o no_o act_n of_o the_o party_n give_v jurisdiction_n to_o the_o court_n by_o elapse_v his_o time_n to_o plead_v to_o the_o jurisdiction_n if_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n the_o court_n have_v no_o jurisdiction_n as_o in_o this_o case_n it_o do_v then_o woodstock_n say_v though_o the_o castle_n and_o commot_n be_v in_o wales_n the_o court_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v out_v of_o jurisdiction_n for_o by_o commot_n a_o great_a signiory_n be_v demand_v consist_v of_o land_n rent_n and_o service_n and_o that_o the_o castle_n and_o commot_n be_v hold_v in_o capite_fw-la of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n and_o say_v those_o so_o hold_v be_v to_o be_v implead_v here_o and_o not_o elsewhere_o b._n 7_o h._n 6._o f._n 36._o b._n so_o be_v 7_o h._n 6._o f._n 36._o b._n and_o say_v the_o king_n by_o his_o charter_n have_v grant_v the_o castle_n and_o commot_n to_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o thereupon_o pray_v aid_n of_o the_o king_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v hereupon_o but_o before_o this_o be_v show_v and_o that_o it_o be_v a_o great_a signiory_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la by_o which_o it_o be_v no_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n nor_o hold_v under_o it_o the_o court_n will_v own_v no_o jurisdiction_n but_o when_o that_o appear_v the_o case_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o former_a in_o 18_o e._n 2._o and_o the_o defendant_n have_v no_o remedy_n but_o in_o the_o king_n court_n this_o case_n be_v cite_v by_o sir_n edward_n coke_n in_o the_o case_n before_o cite_v 11_o jacobi_n concern_v the_o sheriff_n of_o radnor_n but_o the_o difference_n not_o observe_v of_o its_o be_v a_o lordship_n in_o wales_n hold_v immediate_o of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la nor_o that_o the_o court_n own_v no_o jurisdiction_n general_o concern_v land_n in_o wales_n by_o the_o summons_n and_o view_n of_o the_o next_o adjoin_v sheriff_n william_n de_fw-fr cosington_n and_o elizabeth_n his_o wife_n bring_v a_o writ_n of_o dower_n of_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o land_n in_o gower_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n as_o tenant_n and_o the_o writ_n be_v quod_fw-la reddat_fw-la ei_fw-la rationabilem_fw-la dotem_fw-la de_fw-la libero_fw-la tenemento_fw-it quod_fw-la fuit_fw-la jo._n mowbray_n quondam_a viri_fw-la svi_fw-la in_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr gowre_n in_o wallia_fw-la it_o appear_v not_o in_o the_o case_n to_o what_o sheriff_n the_o writ_n be_v direct_v though_o this_o case_n be_v in_o the_o book_n at_o large_a but_o it_o appear_v that_o those_o of_o the_o chancery_n and_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n have_v be_v consult_v with_o concern_v the_o writ_n in_o bring_v it_o for_o dower_n in_o terra_fw-la de_fw-fr gower_z in_o wallia_fw-la therefore_o it_o must_v issue_v from_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n and_o must_v be_v direct_v consequent_o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o gloucester_n as_o the_o assize_n be_v in_o 18_o e._n 2._o br._n abridge_n this_o case_n say_v the_o action_n be_v against_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n as_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o entire_a signiory_n of_o gower_n and_o then_o he_o be_v to_o be_v implead_v by_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n here_o equal_o and_o upon_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o signiory_n as_o for_o the_o whole_a according_a to_o the_o case_n of_o 18_o e._n 2._o first_o cite_v for_o the_o lord_n can_v no_o more_o make_v a_o praecipe_n to_o summon_v himself_o to_o his_o own_o minister_n or_o to_o make_v execution_n against_o himself_o for_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o royalty_n than_o for_o the_o whole_a and_o therefore_o the_o ordinance_n of_o parliament_n then_o mention_v equal_o extend_v to_o this_o case_n as_o to_o that_o of_o 18_o e._n 2._o this_o be_v not_o strange_a that_o act_n of_o parliament_n be_v lose_v sometime_o note_n note_n the_o act_n of_o 3_o e._n 1._o by_o which_o old_a custom_n be_v grant_v not_o extant_a but_o clear_a proof_n of_o it_o remain_v these_o three_o last_o case_n therefore_o wherein_o the_o tenant_n be_v implead_v in_o the_o court_n here_o for_o land_n in_o wales_n and_o summons_n and_o execution_n make_v by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n be_v well_o warrant_v by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n not_o extant_a be_v for_o either_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n themselves_o or_o some_o part_n of_o they_o and_o against_o the_o lord_n himself_o as_o that_o case_n of_o 18_o e._n 2._o express_o resolve_v all_o these_o be_v real_a action_n the_o first_o a_o assize_n of_o novel_a disseisin_n the_o second_o a_o writ_n of_o cozenage_n the_o three_o a_o writ_n of_o dower_n the_o like_a case_n be_v cite_v 19_o h._n 6._o a._n 19_o h._n 6._o f._n 12._o a._n that_o when_o the_o manor_n of_o abergavenny_n be_v demand_v the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o hereford_n as_o newton_n urge_v for_o this_o be_v a_o lordship_n marcher_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la as_o appear_v by_o moor_n be_v report_n in_o cornwall_n case_n in_o that_o the_o barony_n of_o abergavenny_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o lord_n hastings_n of_o the_o king_n in_o capite_fw-la to_o defend_v it_o at_o his_o charge_n ad_fw-la utilitatem_fw-la domini_fw-la regis_fw-la exact_o agree_v with_o this_o doctrine_n be_v the_o book_n of_o 21_o h._n 7._o f._n 33._o b._n if_o a_o signiory_n in_o wales_n be_v to_o be_v try_v b._n 21_o h._n 7._o f._n 33._o b._n it_o shall_v be_v try_v here_o by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n but_o if_o land_n be_v hold_v of_o a_o signiory_n in_o wales_n it_o shall_v be_v try_v within_o the_o manor_n and_o not_o elsewhere_o as_o for_o that_o expression_n by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o common_a law_n a._n 19_o h._n 6._o f._n 12._o a._n it_o be_v also_o in_o the_o book_n 19_o h._n 6._o that_o deed_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n allege_v in_o wales_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o adjoin_a country_n at_o the_o common_a law_n otherwise_o there_o will_v be_v a_o failer_z of_o right_n and_o of_o this_o opinion_n seem_v most_o of_o the_o justice_n arguendo_fw-la obiter_fw-la the_o case_n before_o they_o not_o concern_v wales_n but_o the_o county_n palatine_n of_o lancaster_n of_o church_n in_o wales_n a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la shall_v be_v bring_v in_o england_n yet_o the_o land_n and_o other_o thing_n in_o wales_n b._n 30_o h._n 6._o f._n 6._o b._n shall_v be_v determine_v before_o the_o steward_n of_o

but_o for_o church_n only_o within_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n whether_o of_o the_o king_n patronage_n or_o other_o for_o there_o it_o be_v certain_a according_a to_o the_o reason_n give_v in_o the_o book_n that_o the_o steward_n of_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n to_o whosoever_o they_o belong_v can_v not_o write_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o newton_n be_v right_a 19_o h._n 6._o that_o if_o action_n of_o dower_n once_o bring_v in_o the_o court_n of_o any_o signiory_n real_a it_o shall_v be_v royal_a in_o wales_n and_o there_o issue_n shall_v be_v upon_o usque_fw-la accouple_v in_o loyal_a matrimony_n which_o must_v be_v try_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o the_o court_n have_v no_o power_n to_o write_v to_o the_o bishop_n but_o therefore_o say_v he_o the_o king_n shall_v write_v to_o the_o marshal_n to_o remove_v the_o record_n hither_o and_o then_o we_o shall_v make_v process_n to_o the_o bishop_n but_o this_o be_v against_o the_o resolution_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n in_o cr._n 2_o car._n 1._o f._n 34._o so_o as_o either_o of_o necessity_n this_o be_v a_o provision_n in_o the_o same_o act_n that_o as_o well_o quare_fw-la impedit_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o england_n of_o church_n in_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n of_o wales_n as_o that_o writ_n shall_v be_v bring_v in_o england_n of_o lordship_n marcher_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o in_o question_n because_o justice_n can_v not_o be_v have_v in_o wales_n either_o concern_v such_o lordship_n or_o church_n or_o else_o church_n within_o lordship_n marcher_n be_v in_o the_o same_o case_n for_o a_o failer_z of_o justice_n they_o be_v comprehend_v and_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o within_o the_o equity_n of_o that_o act_n of_o parliament_n for_o justice_n to_o be_v have_v touch_v the_o lordship_n themselves_o and_o that_o the_o law_n be_v such_o appear_v 1._o that_o only_o quare_fw-la impedit_v for_o church_n in_o lordship_n marcher_n in_o wales_n and_o not_o for_o church_n in_o the_o ancient_a shire_n or_o of_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n whereof_o submission_n and_o render_v be_v make_v to_o e._n 1._o be_v to_o be_v bring_v and_o try_v in_o england_n 2._o that_o trial_n and_o writ_n in_o england_n for_o land_n in_o wales_n be_v only_o for_o lordship_n marcher_n and_o not_o for_o any_o land_n in_o wales_n which_o be_v of_o the_o ancient_a principality_n for_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n be_v or_o most_o of_o they_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o england_n and_o hold_v of_o the_o king_n in_o chief_a as_o appear_v by_o the_o statute_n 28_o e._n 3._o c._n 2._o and_o by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o march_n before_o the_o rendition_n of_o the_o principality_n to_o e._n 1._o that_o the_o law_n be_v so_o for_o the_o quare_fw-la impedit_n appear_v in_o the_o first_o place_n by_o the_o book_n before_o cite_v 11_o h._n 6._o f._n 3._o where_o danby_n martin_n and_o newton_n be_v of_o opinion_n argue_v about_o a_o church_n in_o garnsey_n for_o the_o case_n before_o they_o be_v not_o of_o a_o church_n in_o wales_n that_o quare_fw-la impedit_n for_o church_n in_o wales_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v in_o england_n which_o be_v true_a but_o not_o for_o church_n which_o be_v not_o in_o any_o lordship_n marcher_n strange_a affirm_v positive_o in_o the_o same_o case_n in_o these_o word_n it_o be_v frequent_a to_o have_v quare_fw-la impedit_n in_o wales_n 3._o per_fw-la strange_n 11_o h._n 6._o f._n 3._o and_o the_o bishop_n there_o do_v serve_v the_o writ_n direct_v to_o they_o which_o i_o myself_o have_v often_o see_v and_o what_o he_o say_v be_v most_o true_a for_o church_n within_o the_o principality_n as_o what_o the_o other_o judge_n say_v be_v also_o true_a concern_v church_n within_o the_o lordship_n marcher_n for_o those_o court_n have_v no_o power_n to_o write_v to_o the_o bishop_n but_o this_o be_v most_o manifest_a by_o the_o statute_n of_o wales_n 12_o e._n 1._o that_o the_o king_n justiciar_n there_o have_v power_n within_o the_o county_n where_o he_o be_v justiciar_a to_o write_v to_o the_o bishop_n which_o the_o lord_n marcher_n can_v not_o do_v the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v upon_o demand_n of_o dower_n in_o wales_n before_o the_o king_n justiciar_n 17._o stat._n walliae_n f._n 17._o si_fw-mi forte_fw-fr objiciat_fw-la quare_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la dotem_fw-la habere_fw-la eo_fw-la quod_fw-la nunquam_fw-la fuit_fw-la tali_fw-la quem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la vocat_fw-la virum_fw-la legitimo_fw-la matrimonio_fw-la copulata_fw-la tunc_fw-la mandabitur_fw-la episcopo_fw-la quod_fw-la super_fw-la hoc_fw-la inquirat_fw-la veritatem_fw-la &_o inquisita_fw-la veritate_fw-la certificet_fw-la justitiarios_fw-la walliae_fw-la &_o secundum_fw-la certificationem_fw-la episcopi_fw-la procedatur_fw-la ad_fw-la judicium_fw-la it_o be_v clear_a also_o 6._o 10_o h._n 4._o f._n 6._o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o wales_n be_v original_o of_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n as_o be_v the_o book_n of_o 10_o h._n 4._o and_o their_o court_n do_v write_v to_o their_o own_o bishop_n as_o the_o court_n in_o england_n do_v to_o the_o king_n bishop_n and_o when_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n be_v lawful_o vest_v in_o the_o king_n of_o england_n his_o justice_n there_o must_v have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o to_o the_o bishop_n that_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o court_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v before_o how_o the_o same_o stand_v in_o this_o point_n since_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o of_o the_o union_n of_o wales_n with_o england_n shall_v be_v show_v after_o beside_o what_o have_v be_v already_o show_v that_o the_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n in_o england_n issue_v not_o into_o wales_n for_o trial_n of_o land_n other_o than_o the_o land_n of_o lordship_n marcher_n and_o by_o a_o special_a law_n that_o be_v provide_v but_o neither_o for_o other_o land_n nor_o for_o other_o issue_n arise_v in_o wales_n trial_n be_v not_o to_o be_v in_o the_o english_a county_n b._n 11_o h._n 6._o f._n 3._o a_o b._n in_o 11_o h._n 6._o danby_n say_v that_o if_o a_o church_n in_o wales_n which_o be_v out_o of_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o common_a law_n and_o a_o franchise_n of_o the_o prince_n can_v award_v a_o writ_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o must_v be_v bring_v here_o but_o other_o action_n be_v not_o maintainable_a here_o of_o a_o thing_n do_v in_o wales_n which_o be_v true_a of_o a_o thing_n do_v within_o the_o principality_n and_o of_o a_o church_n within_o the_o principality_n also_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o england_n a._n 19_o h._n 6._o f._n 12._o a._n in_o 19_o h._n 6._o fortescue_n take_v a_o difference_n between_o wales_n which_o be_v once_o a_o kingdom_n of_o itself_o and_o the_o counties_n palatine_n which_o be_v parcel_n of_o england_n and_o therefore_o say_v the_o king_n may_v send_v a_o record_n to_o be_v try_v in_o the_o counties_n palatine_n because_o he_o may_v do_v so_o at_o common_a law_n but_o can_v not_o into_o wales_n because_o he_o can_v not_o at_o common_a law_n and_o then_o he_o say_v that_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o the_o statute_n will_v that_o of_o thing_n plead_v there_o as_o of_o a_o release_n bear_v date_n there_o it_o shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n what_o this_o statute_n shall_v be_v he_o mean_v unless_o it_o be_v the_o same_o mention_v in_o the_o case_n 18_o e._n 2._o be_v not_o intelligible_a for_o the_o statute_n of_o 9_o e._n 3._o which_o speak_v of_o release_v plead_v in_o franchise_n within_o the_o realm_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n where_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v he_o can_v intend_v for_o that_o wales_n be_v no_o franche_n nor_o franchis_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o trial_n where_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v be_v not_o a_o trial_n in_o the_o next_o adjoin_v county_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o issue_n arise_v and_o by_o ascue_n express_o in_o that_o case_n that_o statute_n prove_v in_o itself_o it_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o a_o deed_n bear_v date_n in_o wales_n but_o all_o such_o deed_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n allege_v in_o wales_n shall_v be_v try_v in_o the_o county_n next_o adjoin_v by_o the_o common_a law_n for_o so_o he_o add_v which_o can_v not_o be_v so_o as_o a_o action_n bring_v upon_o a_o bond_n or_o deed_n make_v in_o wales_n ireland_n normandy_n &_o dutchland_n or_o upon_o a_o matter_n there_o allege_v can_v possible_o be_v for_o want_n of_o trial_n but_o a_o plea_n in_o bar_n to_o a_o action_n bring_v arise_v there_o some_o question_n have_v be_v whether_o such_o a_o plea_n shall_v not_o be_v try_v where_o the_o action_n be_v bring_v and_o in_o such_o a_o case_n if_o the_o plea_n in_o barr_n arise_v whole_o out_o of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o better_a opinion_n be_v that_o such_o plea_n