be_v oblige_v to_o express_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o recede_v from_o ordinary_a punishment_n how_o far_o the_o law_n presume_v for_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o judge_n in_o ambiguo_fw-la 180_o the_o circumstance_n for_o hightning_n or_o lessen_v punishment_n be_v chief_o seven_o causa_fw-la persona_fw-la locus_fw-la tempus_fw-la qualitas_fw-la quantitas_fw-la eventus_fw-la 181_o 1._o divers_a consideration_n anent_o the_o cause_n viz._n 1._o if_o the_o delinquent_n act_v ex_fw-la proposito_fw-la or_o not_o 2._o if_o the_o crime_n be_v consummate_v or_o attempt_v only_o 3._o if_o the_o delinquent_n act_v of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o by_o command_n of_o another_o what_o the_o judge_n ought_v to_o do_v in_o each_o case_n 182_o 2._o as_o to_o the_o person_n whether_o agent_n or_o patient_n it_o make_v a_o great_a alteration_n in_o punishment_n each_o shall_v be_v consider_v as_o to_o sex_n age_n state_n and_o quality_n or_o dignity_n 183_o 3._o place_v of_o commit_v augment_v or_o diminish_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o punishment_n prove_v by_o instance_n 184_o 4._o time_n vary_v the_o punishment_n which_o be_v also_o prove_v 185_o 5._o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n make_v the_o crime_n more_o or_o less_o atrocious_a and_o vary_v the_o punishment_n 186_o 6._o quantity_n distinguish_v furtum_fw-la ab_fw-la abigeo_fw-la 187_o 7._o event_n increase_v punishment_n and_o damnage_n as_o when_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o skilful_a artificer_n be_v strike_v off_o 188_o damnage_n be_v due_a by_o the_o rule_n of_o natural_a equity_n prove_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o farin_n and_o marsil_n 189_o how_o far_o delinquent_n be_v liable_a for_o damnage_n intrinsic_a or_o extrinsic_a and_o both_o these_o damnage_n describe_v 190_o obligation_n to_o pay_v damnage_n found_v on_o exod._n 28.19_o 191_o damnage_n to_o be_v modify_v at_o the_o arbitrament_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v he_o shall_v inform_v himself_o other_o five_o circumstance_n for_o mitigate_a punishment_n 192_o of_o the_o practice_n of_o scotland_n anent_o punish_v mutilation_n and_o demembration_n and_o decern_v of_o damnage_n the_o word_n of_o cap._n 11._o stat._n rob._n 2._o which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o set_v down_o 193_o if_o there_o be_v any_o warrant_n from_o the_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n to_o punish_v mutilation_n and_o demembration_n capital_o debate_v pro_fw-la &_o contra_fw-la and_o resolve_v negative_a i_o have_v now_o do_v with_o the_o first_o part_n of_o this_o appendix_n and_o therein_o i_o have_v show_v what_o it_o be_v to_o mutilat_n and_o detruncat_fw-la a_o proper_a member_n of_o a_o man_n body_n and_o how_o to_o pursue_v and_o defend_v action_n thereanent_a i_o come_v next_o in_o this_o second_o part_n to_o speak_v of_o punishment_n and_o damnage_n which_o be_v not_o always_o the_o same_o but_o vary_v in_o these_o as_o in_o other_o crime_n according_a to_o circumstance_n tot_o do_fw-mi ff_n de_fw-fr poenis_fw-la farin_n 11.87_o &_o seqq_n dè_fw-la poenis_fw-la temperand_n the_o dd._n insist_v chief_o on_o retaliation_n amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o there_o be_v a_o four_o mention_v in_o a_o ancient_a statute_n of_o our_o law_n viz._n cap._n 11._o stat_fw-la rob._n 2._o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o for_o wilful_a and_o premeditate_a mutilation_n which_o be_v there_o understand_v for_o demembration_n the_o delinquent_n life_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o redeemable_a retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v a_o punishment_n of_o equal_a retribution_n or_o the_o do_n to_o one_o as_o he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o neighbour_n institute_v by_o god_n commit_v to_o the_o jewish_a magistrate_n for_o execution_n and_o thereafter_o receive_v by_o the_o gentile_a nation_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o its_o natural_a equity_n and_o execute_v by_o the_o rule_n of_o geometrical_a proportion_n all_o which_o i_o shall_v make_v appear_v in_o several_a conclusion_n cardinal_n hugo_n on_o exod._n 21.23_o thus_o express_v it_o talitur_fw-la laedendus_fw-la est_fw-la justè_fw-la qualiter_fw-la ipse_fw-la injust_a fecerit_fw-la alii_fw-la poena_n talionis_fw-la be_v not_o express_o mention_v among_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n except_o in_o §_o poena_fw-la 7._o inst_z de_fw-fr injur_fw-fr but_o we_o find_v it_o in_o novel_a leon._n 60._o &_o 92._o the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v but_o once_o in_o justinian_o law_n be_v that_o when_o trebonian_n compose_v the_o law_n retaliation_n of_o one_o member_n for_o another_o be_v wear_v out_o and_o in_o place_n thereof_o actio_fw-la injuriarum_fw-la have_v succeed_v as_o in_o dict_z §_o poena_n it_o be_v often_o in_o the_o canon_n law_n as_o in_o c._n poen_n 14._o q._n 1_o and_o in_o c._n sex_n differentia_fw-la 23._o q._n 3._o and_o in_o c._n calumniator_n 2._o q_o 3._o but_o it_o be_v frequent_a among_o the_o dd._n as_o jul._n clarus_n farinacius_n cujac_n bart_n bald_n and_o other_o and_o among_o the_o rhetorician_n as_o quintil._n declam_fw-la 297._o &_o 352._o senec_n controver_n 2._o lib._n 3._o &_o controv_n 33._o lib._n 5._o and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o symmach_n epist_n 59_o lib._n 1._o &_o epist_n 27._o lib._n 3._o and_o sidon_n epist._n 3._o lib._n 5._o and_o the_o essence_n of_o it_o consist_v in_o the_o cut_n off_o one_o member_n for_o another_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o punishment_n of_o he_o who_o make_v a_o eunuch_n novel_a justin._n 142._o cap._n 1._o it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o latin_a word_n talis_fw-la voss_n in_o etymol_n which_o denote_v a_o equality_n betwixt_o the_o crime_n and_o the_o punishment_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v likeways_o call_v paena_fw-la similis_fw-la supplicii_fw-la in_o l._n ult_n c._n de_fw-fr accusat_fw-la &_o l._n ult_n ff_n de_fw-fr calumniat_fw-la poena_n reciproci_fw-la in_o l._n 3._o lib._n 9_o c._n theodos_fw-la de_fw-fr exhib_n well_fw-mi transmit_v eris_fw-la and_o paena_fw-la paris_n vindictae_fw-la quasi_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o suffering_n of_o the_o same_o thing_n it_o be_v several_a time_n call_v by_o aristotle_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lib._n 5._o ethic._n cap._n 5._o ay_o e_o contrapassum_fw-la all_o these_o be_v name_n denote_v equality_n the_o subject_n be_v juridico-theological_a and_o therefore_o in_o handle_v of_o it_o the_o dd._n of_o theologie_n cite_v law_n and_o lawyer_n and_o the_o dd._n of_o law_n cite_v the_o sacred_a scripture_n and_o divine_n which_o must_v be_v my_o method_n at_o present_a for_o as_o in_o the_o first_o part_n i_o make_v use_n of_o physician_n to_o assist_v the_o lawyer_n so_o in_o this_o second_o part_n i_o must_v call_v divine_n to_o my_o assistance_n and_o because_o the_o subject_n be_v full_a of_o difficulty_n especial_o as_o to_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n under_o christianity_n i_o shall_v labour_v to_o clear_v the_o difficulty_n in_o a_o few_o conclusion_n whereby_o the_o divine_a authority_n and_o natural_a equity_n thereof_o shall_v be_v prove_v in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v show_v in_o the_o second_o that_o it_o be_v not_o intend_v to_o be_v always_o execute_v in_o the_o strict_a and_o literal_a sense_n but_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o geometrical_a proportion_n and_o distributive_a justice_n 1._o all_o except_o deist_n who_o deny_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n and_o reproach_n this_o law_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o nichol_n dialogue_n with_o the_o deist_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n which_o moses_n receive_v from_o god_n and_o deliver_v to_o his_o people_n the_o jew_n for_o first_o god_n give_v this_o law_n to_o secure_v the_o life_n of_o man_n gen._n 9_o 6._o in_o these_o word_n he_o that_o shede_v man_n blood_n by_o man_n shall_v his_o blood_n be_v shed_v and_o have_v declare_v it_o to_o take_v place_n in_o all_o case_n of_o wilful_a homicide_n exod._n 21.22.23.14.18.19.20.21.22.23_o with_o certification_n in_o the_o last_o of_o these_o word_n that_o life_n shall_v go_v for_o life_n he_o think_v fit_a by_o a_o further_a step_n of_o his_o wise_a providence_n to_o forbid_v demembration_n under_o the_o like_a pain_n vers_fw-la 23._o eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n hand_n for_o hand_n foot_n for_o foot_n as_o also_o mutilation_n and_o lesser_a hurt_v v._o 25._o burn_v for_o burn_v wound_v for_o wound_n stripe_n for_o stripe_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o the_o pain_n of_o retaliation_n which_o be_v renew_v levit._n 24.19.20_o if_o a_o man_n cause_v a_o blemish_n in_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v do_v so_o shall_v it_o be_v do_v to_o he_o breach_n for_o breach_n eye_n for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n as_o he_o have_v cause_v a_o blemish_n in_o a_o man_n so_o shall_v it_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o again_o further_o lest_o this_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o reach_v the_o percussor_n only_o
a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n divide_v in_o two_o part_n in_o the_o first_o whereof_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o of_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n be_v unfold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n from_o which_o that_o distinction_n in_o order_n to_o crime_n descend_v explain_v also_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v in_o these_o crime_n the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o order_n of_o probation_n together_o with_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o inquest_n be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o second_o part_n the_o punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n be_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o distinguish_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a refute_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n and_o even_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o rabbi_n the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a reconcile_v to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n though_o in_o many_o case_n practise_v yet_o reject_v from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n arbitrary_a punishment_n assert_v in_o place_n of_o both_o and_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a to_o judge_n for_o augment_v and_o diminish_v punishment_n in_o these_o and_o in_o other_o crime_n according_a to_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o commit_n of_o they_o and_o in_o both_o part_v the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o foregoing_a book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o errata_fw-la the_o letter_n n._n relate_v to_o the_o number_n in_o the_o margin_n and_o the_o letter_n l._n to_o the_o line_n of_o the_o number_n num._n 1._o line_n 4._o f_z likely_a r._n like_o n._n 4._o l._n 23._o f._n jacturum_fw-la r._n jecturam_fw-la n._n 6._o l._n pen._n f._n dutilatus_n 1_o mutilatus_fw-la n._n 7._o l._n 9_o f._n ipsis_fw-la r_o ipsius_fw-la n._n 19_o l._n 1._o f._n irregular_a r_o regular_a n._n 20._o l._n 6._o to_o dionys._n add_v halic_fw-mi n._n 24._o l._n 15._o f._n excaecuerit_fw-la r._n excaecaverit_fw-la l._n 17._o f._n lib._n 12._o r._n lib._n 22._o l._n 18._o after_o hist._n add_v cent._n 1._o n._n 37._o l._n 5._o f._n occasion_n r._n affect_v n._n 67._o l._n 7._o after_o assize_n add_v but_o this_o must_v be_v upon_o some_o speciality_n and_o probable_o because_o many_o difficulty_n occur_v in_o the_o decision_n n._n 71_o l_o 12._o f_z of_o one_o other_o r._n one_o or_o another_o n._n 100_o l_o 6._o f._n hugo_n r._n ugo_n l._n 7._o f._n talitur_fw-la r._n taliter_fw-la n._n 105._o l_o 18._o f_o lucia_n r._n lycia_n n._n 125._o l_o 4_o deal_n it_o n._n 167_o l_o 25_o f_o legem_fw-la r_o legum_fw-la n_o 170_o l._n 7_o f_o honore_fw-la r_o amâ—re_v as_o for_o any_o other_o literal_a error_n or_o mistake_v in_o the_o punctation_n the_o candid_a reader_n be_v desire_v to_o excuse_v and_o amend_v they_o to_o the_o reader_n when_o i_o give_v the_o first_o of_o the_o follow_a sheet_n to_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n that_o he_o may_v publish_v they_o it_o be_v my_o desire_n that_o my_o name_n shall_v be_v conceal_v to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o reader_n be_v lest_o to_o his_o conjecture_n about_o the_o author_n may_v ascribe_v they_o to_o a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n who_o reputation_n in_o the_o world_n may_v add_v more_o lustre_n to_o the_o work_n than_o my_o obscure_a name_n can_v do_v but_o the_o publisher_n by_o some_o mistake_a apprehension_n have_v prefix_v my_o name_n have_v thereby_o oblige_v i_o to_o premit_fw-la the_o follow_a account_n beyond_o what_o the_o introduction_n contain_v which_o be_v all_o the_o preface_n i_o at_o first_o design_v the_o occasion_n of_o my_o write_n be_v this_o mr._n symson_n minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n have_v in_o the_o year_n 1689._o retire_v to_o this_o city_n of_o edinburgh_n resolve_v according_a to_o the_o apostle_n advice_n 1_o thes_n 4.11_o to_o be_v quiet_a and_o to_o do_v his_o own_o business_n and_o to_o work_v with_o his_o own_o hand_n that_o so_o 2_o thes_n 3.8_o he_o may_v not_o be_v chargeable_a to_o any_o but_o 2_o thes_n 3.12_o eat_v his_o own_o bread_n and_o ephes_n 4.28_o have_v to_o give_v to_o he_o that_o need_v and_o in_o prosecution_n of_o this_o virtuous_a resolution_n have_v take_v himself_o to_o the_o trade_n he_o well_o understand_v of_o publish_v and_o sell_v of_o book_n desire_v from_o i_o and_o his_o other_o good_a friend_n to_o give_v he_o such_o encouragement_n as_o may_v fall_v in_o our_o way_n some_o of_o the_o honourable_a society_n of_o advocat_n mr._n symson_n patron_n and_o be_v nefactor_n have_v advise_v he_o to_o publish_v a_o second_o edition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o scotland_n in_o matter_n criminal_a write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n and_o he_o be_v desirous_a that_o this_o second_o edition_n may_v go_v out_o with_o some_o addition_n i_o be_v prevail_v with_o though_o unfit_a for_o the_o undertake_n to_o write_v the_o follow_a appendix_n and_o the_o subject_a be_v lest_o to_o my_o own_o choice_n i_o pitch_v upon_o the_o crime_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n as_o these_o on_o which_o lest_o have_v be_v write_v and_o yet_o afford_v variety_n of_o matter_n both_o profitable_a and_o pleasant_a whereof_o i_o hope_v the_o reader_n will_v be_v convince_v after_o he_o have_v peruse_v these_o follow_a paper_n for_o method_n sake_n i_o have_v divide_v this_o little_a work_n in_o two_o part_n in_o the_o first_o whereof_o contain_v matter_n medicolegal_a i_o have_v speak_v of_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o show_v they_o can_v only_o be_v commit_v on_o proper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n and_o from_o thence_o i_o have_v take_v occasion_n to_o describe_v both_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n and_o to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o distinction_n betwixt_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n i_o have_v likewise_o set_v down_o some_o general_a direction_n for_o form_v a_o lybel_n with_o the_o most_o remarkable_a defence_n and_o some_o observation_n anent_o the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o method_n of_o probation_n the_o inquest_n their_o procedure_n intermix_v now_o and_o then_o with_o citation_n of_o law_n some_o pertinent_a passage_n of_o history_n to_o divert_v the_o reader_n in_o the_o second_o part_n i_o have_v consider_v the_o punishment_n of_o those_o crime_n and_o have_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o as_o a_o matter_n historico-theologico-juridical_a and_o refute_v the_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a and_o reconcile_v the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n and_o that_o for_o clear_v a_o debate_n in_o the_o book_n of_o adjournal_n about_o strict_a retaliation_n i_o have_v also_o discourse_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n and_o reject_v it_o from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o those_o crime_n and_o have_v assert_v arbitrary_a punishment_n to_o be_v the_o ordinary_a and_o describe_v arbitrary_a punishment_n in_o the_o general_n and_o show_v how_o far_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a in_o judge_n for_o satisfaction_n of_o some_o who_o be_v scandalize_v at_o the_o very_a name_n of_o every_o thing_n call_v arbitrary_a and_o last_o of_o all_o i_o have_v endeavour_v to_o clear_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o ancient_a statute_n of_o king_n robert_n the_o second_o which_o declare_v the_o liâ—e_z of_o the_o mutilator_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will._n all_o which_o be_v more_o particular_o hold_v forth_o in_o the_o summary_n preâ—ixt_v to_o each_o part_n which_o according_a to_o the_o method_n of_o farinacius_n contain_v au_fw-fr abridgement_n of_o the_o head_n they_o relate_v to_o in_o the_o performance_n of_o this_o task_n i_o have_v adduce_v the_o testimony_n of_o physician_n divine_n and_o other_o author_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o each_o of_o these_o part_n require_v and_o have_v compare_v they_o with_o the_o citation_n of_o civil_a law_n and_o d_o d._n and_o decision_n in_o the_o
book_n of_o adjournal_n and_o have_v dispose_v they_o in_o such_o a_o method_n as_o make_v the_o work_n altogether_o new_a and_o yet_o no_o part_n of_o the_o criminal_a law_n need_v more_o to_o be_v know_v because_o the_o crime_n i_o treat_v of_o have_v frequent_o occur_v and_o must_v occur_v so_o long_o as_o the_o wickedness_n of_o man_n prompt_v he_o to_o revenge_n these_o thing_n be_v premit_v concern_v the_o occasion_n and_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o appendix_n i_o crave_v leave_n by_o way_n of_o apology_n to_o represent_v first_o that_o when_o i_o enter_v upon_o this_o task_n i_o design_v to_o comprehend_v all_o i_o have_v to_o say_v in_o six_o or_o seven_o sheet_n but_o one_o think_v follow_v upon_o another_o swell_v they_o to_o the_o number_n they_o now_o appear_v in_o next_o during_o all_o the_o time_n i_o be_v employ_v about_o these_o sheet_n i_o meet_v with_o frequent_a interruption_n from_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a suit_n of_o law_n sufficient_o know_v to_o be_v just_a on_o my_o part_n where_o through_o i_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v in_o every_o sheet_n as_o it_o be_v finish_v to_o the_o press_n before_o i_o have_v time_n to_o digest_v another_o to_o satisfy_v the_o importunity_n of_o the_o printer_n who_o frequent_o call_v for_o they_o and_o this_o do_v so_o hasten_v and_o drive_v i_o that_o i_o be_v force_v to_o take_v hour_n from_o my_o sleep_n to_o revise_v and_o correct_v the_o sheet_n this_o precipitation_n occasion_v some_o literal_a mistake_v and_o if_o even_a error_n in_o matter_n shall_v appear_v as_o i_o hope_v they_o will_v not_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o excuse_v myself_o in_o these_o word_n of_o the_o judicious_a noodt_n probabil_n lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o n._n 1._o quod_fw-la nimia_fw-la acceleratio_fw-la saepe_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la animus_fw-la dum_fw-la pluribus_fw-la intenditur_fw-la variet_fw-la atque_fw-la ad_fw-la alia_fw-la aberret_fw-la quam_fw-la sibi_fw-la dicenda_fw-la faciendave_fw-la proposuerat_fw-la provide_v i_o do_v frank_o acknowledge_v the_o error_n how_o soon_o they_o shall_v be_v discover_v and_o this_o i_o not_o only_o promise_v to_o do_v but_o also_o will_v think_v it_o my_o honour_n after_o the_o example_n of_o the_o famous_a papinian_n who_o though_o he_o be_v dignify_v in_o law_n with_o the_o splended_a title_n of_o disertissimus_fw-la l._n fin_n c._n de_fw-fr instit_fw-la &_o substit_fw-la prudentissimus_fw-la l._n 14._o c._n the_o praed_fw-we min._n acutissimus_fw-la &_o merito_fw-la ante_fw-la alios_fw-la excellens_fw-la l._n 30._o c._n de_fw-fr fidei_fw-la comm_n hemo_fw-la excelsi_fw-la ingenii_fw-la §_o sed_fw-la quia_fw-la 7._o inst_z defidei_fw-la comm_n haered_a and_o last_o of_o all_o with_o the_o title_n of_o maximus_n papinianus_n novel_a 4._o c._n 6._o vers_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o hoc_fw-la yet_o think_v it_o no_o derogation_n to_o yield_v to_o the_o argument_n of_o sabinus_n and_o to_o become_v his_o convert_n say_v in_o contrarium_fw-la say_v he_o after_o state_v his_o own_o opinion_n i_o vocat_fw-la sabini_n sententia_fw-la l._n 6._o §._o 1._o ff_n de_fw-mi serve_v export_n and_o by_o so_o say_v to_o proclaim_v the_o victory_n on_o sabinus_n his_o side_n and_o in_o another_o case_n justinian_n cite_v he_o change_v his_o thought_n &_o approve_v the_o 2d_o before_o the_o first_o l._n 22._o §._o 3._o c._n the_o furt_n et_fw-la serve_v cor_fw-la and_o just_o for_o reason_n shall_v not_o be_v rule_v by_o the_o will_n but_o have_v the_o command_n over_o it_o this_o be_v that_o noble_a victory_n of_o a_o man_n over_o himself_o commend_v by_o plato_n call_v it_o pulcherrimum_n victoriae_fw-la genus_fw-la a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n part_n i._n wherein_o the_o name_n and_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n and_o of_o proper_a and_o improper_a member_n of_o the_o body_n be_v unfold_v the_o doctrine_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n from_o which_o that_o distinction_n in_o order_n to_o crime_n descend_v explain_v also_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v in_o these_o crime_n the_o competency_n of_o the_o judge_n the_o order_n of_o probation_n together_o with_o the_o procedure_n of_o the_o inquest_n be_v set_v down_o as_o also_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o foregoing_a book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n 1699_o edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n &_o demembration_n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o sir_n george_n mackenzies_n criminal_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n part_n i._n wherein_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o crime_n or_o delict_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v consider_v together_o with_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v therein_o summary_n 1_o introduction_n show_v the_o design_n of_o this_o appendix_n 2_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n by_o some_o be_v treat_v of_o among_o injury_n and_o not_o improper_o by_o other_o in_o the_o title_n of_o murder_n with_o the_o reason_n why_o 3_o this_o tractat_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n the_o first_o part_n treat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o crime_n or_o delict_n together_o with_o the_o method_n of_o pursue_v and_o defend_v therein_o the_o second_o part_n treat_v of_o their_o punishment_n 4_o the_o several_a acceptation_n of_o the_o word_n mutilation_n and_o demembration_n and_o of_o their_o synonymous_n word_n mutilum_fw-la mutilatum_fw-la curtum_fw-la decurtum_fw-la descissum_n detruncatum_fw-la 5_o how_o the_o word_n mutilation_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o cap._n 11._o stat._n rob._n 2._o and_o in_o our_o late_a custom_n of_o speak_v 6_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v name_n of_o crime_n and_o one_o who_o want_v a_o hand_n or_o other_o member_n on_o other_o occasion_n be_v not_o proper_o call_v mutitilatus_n or_o demembratus_fw-la sed_fw-la mancus_fw-la 7_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n describe_v and_o diftinguish_v from_o debilitation_n which_o be_v the_o weaken_n of_o a_o member_n without_o take_v away_o it_o be_v total_a use_n 8_o mutilation_n like_o homicide_n distinguish_v into_o voluntary_a necessary_a casual_a and_o culpable_a 9_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v call_v act_n of_o private_a violence_n to_o distinguish_v they_o from_o act_n of_o punitive_a justice_n 10_o mutilation_n why_o describe_v by_o the_o word_n hurt_v and_o not_o wound_v 11_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v commit_v on_o member_n be_v thereby_o distinguish_v from_o homicide_n 12_o the_o last_o word_n of_o the_o description_n of_o mutilation_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o the_o member_n cease_v to_o be_v useful_a hold_v forth_o 1._o that_o the_o hurt_n member_n must_v be_v useful_a 2._o that_o it_o lose_v its_o usâ—_n 3._o that_o it_o be_v irrecoverable_o lose_v 13_o this_o lead_v we_o to_o inquire_v what_o be_v a_o member_n because_o it_o be_v in_o some_o case_n allege_v that_o the_o hurt_a part_n of_o the_o body_n be_v no_o member_n 14_o member_n divide_v in_o principal_a and_o subservient_fw-fr and_o both_o describe_v 15_o and_o in_o proper_a and_o improper_a and_o both_o describe_v 16_o the_o action_n and_o use_n of_o a_o proper_a member_n describe_v 17_o though_o mutilation_n be_v describe_v by_o its_o render_v a_o member_n useless_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o thâ—râ—ly_o confound_v with_o demembration_n 18_o the_o canonist_n in_o their_o discourse_n of_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n give_v light_n to_o the_o understanding_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o proper_a &_o improper_a member_n 19_o canonical_a regularity_n and_o irregularity_n describe_v 20_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o body_n be_v cause_n of_o canonical_a irregularity_n in_o the_o româ—n_a church_n as_o have_v be_v former_o under_o the_o levitical_a law_n from_o whence_o that_o custom_n seem_v to_o have_v descend_v to_o the_o heathen_a nation_n and_o last_o of_o all_o come_v in_o to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n 21_o dâ—â—â—câ—_n of_o the_o body_n more_o either_o natural_a or_o accidental_a and_o among_o other_o accâ—dâ—nâ—â—_n more_o occasion_v by_o the_o crime_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n which_o 〈…〉_o rendâ—â—d_v the_o agent_n and_o sometime_o the_o patient_n and_o sometime_o both_o 〈…〉_o 22_o a_o rule_n take_v from_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o canonist_n anent_o irregularity_n whereby_o to_o know_v when_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n be_v commit_v in_o order_n to_o â—â—fer_v punishment_n 23_o of_o member_n in_o particular_a where_o first_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o the_o eye_n be_v a_o preper_n member_n 24_o a_o man_n may_v be_v demember_v of_o his_o eye_n two_o way_n first_o formaliter_fw-la
see_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o they_o to_o study_v the_o quaestiones_fw-la medico-legales_a without_o which_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a for_o they_o to_o understand_v some_o text_n in_o law_n l._n 12._o ff_n de_fw-fr statu_fw-la and_o many_o other_o law_n in_o the_o title_n ad_fw-la leg_n aquil._n &_o de_fw-fr aedil_n edict_n but_o we_o need_v not_o give_v instance_n see_v the_o large_a volume_n of_o paulus_n zacchias_n frequent_o above_o cite_v contain_v hundred_o of_o instance_n and_o matthaeus_n dict_z loc_n think_v it_o may_v be_v useful_a also_o for_o judge_n to_o understand_v these_o thing_n that_o they_o be_v not_o easy_o deceive_v by_o the_o report_n of_o corrupt_a chirurgeon_n and_o in_o order_n to_o this_o he_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o 18_o aphoris_n of_o hippoc_fw-la de_fw-la vulneribus_fw-la lethalibus_fw-la sect_n 6_o and_o the_o word_n of_o celsus_n lib_n 5_o cap_n 26_o as_o a_o particular_a case_n to_o be_v understand_v a_o treatise_n of_o mutilation_n and_o demembration_n part_n ii_o wherein_o the_o punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n be_v handle_v retaliation_n which_o be_v the_o first_o of_o they_o distinguish_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o that_o species_n thereof_o call_v pythagorical_a or_o arithmerical_a refute_v from_o the_o opinion_n of_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n and_o even_o from_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o rabbi_n the_o other_o species_n call_v aristotelical_a analogical_a or_o geometrical_a reconcile_v to_o natural_a equity_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o god._n the_o punishment_n of_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n though_o in_o many_o case_n practise_v yet_o reject_v from_o be_v the_o ordinary_a punishment_n of_o these_o crime_n arbitrary_a punishment_n assert_v in_o place_n of_o both_o and_o a_o well_o regulate_v arbitrary_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v useful_a and_o necessary_a to_o judge_n for_o augment_v and_o diminish_v punishment_n in_o these_o and_o in_o other_o crime_n according_a to_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o commit_n of_o they_o and_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o this_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v compare_v by_o sir_n alexander_n seton_n of_o pitmedden_n knight_n baronet_n etc._n etc._n by_o way_n of_o appendix_n to_o the_o before_o go_v book_n write_v by_o the_o learned_a sir_n george_n mackenzie_n of_o rosehaugh_n arrius_n menander_n l._n 5._o ff_n de_fw-mi re_fw-mi militari_fw-la non_fw-la omnes_fw-la desertores_fw-la similiter_fw-la puniendi_fw-la sunt_fw-la sed_fw-la habetur_fw-la &_o ordinis_fw-la stipendiorum_fw-la ratio_fw-la gradus_fw-la militiae_fw-la vel_fw-la loci_fw-la muneris_fw-la deserti_fw-la &_o ante_fw-la actae_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o numerus_fw-la si_fw-la solus_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la altero_fw-la vel_fw-la cum_fw-la pluribus_fw-la deseruit_fw-la aliâ—dve_fw-la quid_fw-la crimen_fw-la desertioni_fw-la adjunxerit_fw-la item_n temporis_fw-la quo_fw-la in_o desertione_fw-la fuerit_fw-la &_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la post_fw-la gesta_fw-la fuerint_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o si_fw-la fuerit_fw-la ultro_fw-la reversus_fw-la non_fw-la cum_fw-la necessitudine_fw-la non_fw-la erit_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la sortis_fw-la edinburgh_n print_v by_o the_o heir_n and_o successor_n of_o andrew_n anderson_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n be_v most_o excellent_a majesty_n for_o mr._n andrew_n symson_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o he_o in_o the_o cowgate_n near_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o horse-wynd_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1699._o part_n ii_o of_o the_o punishment_n of_o mutilation_n &_o demembration_n summary_n 99_o the_o dd._n insist_v chief_o on_o three_o punishment_n retaliation_n amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n and_o arbitrary_a punishment_n and_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n cap._n 11._o stat._n rob._n 2._o declare_v the_o life_n to_o be_v in_o the_o king_n will_v and_o redeemable_a which_o may_v be_v reckon_v as_o a_o four_o 100_o retaliation_n describe_v and_o its_o various_a name_n 101_o the_o subject_n be_v juridico-theological_a equal_o handle_v by_o divine_n and_o lawyer_n 102_o the_o nature_n of_o retaliation_n hold_v forth_o in_o some_o conclusion_n 103_o concl._n 1._o retaliation_n institute_v by_o god_n in_o his_o law_n and_o deliver_v by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n 104_o concl._n 2._o the_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n commit_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o not_o leave_v to_o private_a revenge_n 105_o concl._n 3._o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v transmit_v from_o the_o jew_n to_o the_o gretion_n but_o how_o or_o in_o what_o time_n be_v uncertain_a some_o ascribe_v the_o law_n to_o rhadamanthus_n who_o be_v moses_n in_o mythology_n according_a to_o huetius_n other_o to_o charondas_n king_n of_o the_o locrian_o the_o word_n of_o their_o law_n set_v down_o 106_o concl._n 4._o that_o retaliation_n be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n which_o consist_v in_o observe_v equality_n between_o the_o crime_n and_o punishment_n prove_v by_o five_o argument_n 107_o arg._n 1._o take_a from_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n and_o law_n 108_o arg._n 2._o take_a from_o the_o testimony_n of_o father_n modern_a divine_n and_o lawyer_n assert_v its_o natural_a equity_n 109_o arg._n 3._o take_a from_o various_a instance_n of_o providence_n inflict_v retaliation_n 110_o arg._n 4._o take_a from_o god_n threaten_a retaliation_n against_o the_o enemy_n of_o his_o church_n in_o general_n and_o the_o chaldean_n in_o particular_a and_o also_o against_o his_o own_o people_n 111_o arg._n 5._o take_a from_o the_o threaten_n of_o retaliation_n under_o the_o gospel_n which_o show_v that_o the_o law_n be_v not_o peculiar_a to_o the_o jewish_a economy_n 112._o the_o objection_n of_o socinian_o and_o anabaptist_n devise_v to_o overturn_v the_o power_n of_o christian_a magistrate_n answer_v and_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o christian_a magistrate_n assert_v 113._o a_o far_a proof_n by_o instance_n of_o providence_n under_o the_o gospel_n that_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v not_o abrogate_a under_o the_o gospel_n with_o a_o reflection_n against_o the_o deist_n deny_v the_o validity_n of_o humane_a testimony_n 114_o concl._n 5._o although_o retaliation_n be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n and_o so_o be_v immutable_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v always_o execute_v according_a to_o pythagorical_a or_o arithmetical_a proportion_n but_o that_o analogical_a or_o geometrical_a proportion_n as_o circumstance_n require_v be_v sufficient_a and_o this_o prove_v by_o several_a argument_n 115_o arg._n 1._o take_a from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n in_o several_a particular_n 116_o 1._o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v either_o natural_o or_o moral_o impossible_a to_o execut_v strict_a retaliation_n 117._o 2._o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o jew_n to_o transact_v anent_o the_o punishment_n of_o retaliation_n josephus_n his_o opinion_n disprove_v and_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o justice-court_n anent_o transaction_n justify_v 118_o 3._o and_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o jewish_a magistrate_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o inquire_v into_o these_o crime_n when_o the_o party_n do_v not_o desire_v it_o 119_o 4._o if_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v apply_v to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o insist_v to_o have_v the_o pain_n of_o strict_a retaliation_n inflict_v yet_o then_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n but_o he_o inquire_v into_o circumstance_n and_o vary_a the_o punishment_n according_o all_o this_o be_v prove_v by_o many_o instance_n particular_o where_o the_o quality_n of_o party_n be_v unequal_a 120_o 5._o when_o quality_n and_o circumstance_n be_v equal_a which_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o only_a difficult_a case_n even_o then_o the_o jewish_a magistrate_n do_v admit_v of_o a_o ransom_n and_o pecuniary_a mulct_n for_o punishment_n which_o be_v do_v on_o five_o account_n condescend_v on_o by_o the_o rabbi_n the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n conclude_v to_o be_v minatory_n with_o a_o rebuke_n to_o the_o sadducee_n and_o their_o successor_n 121_o 6._o a_o false_a witness_n occasion_v death_n to_o another_o be_v punish_v with_o strict_a retaliation_n but_o if_o by_o his_o testimoney_n he_o occasion_v only_a demembration_n the_o difficulty_n be_v great_a 122_o arg._n 2._o take_a from_o the_o agreement_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n as_o paraphrase_a by_o jacobus_n gothofredus_n with_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n and_o doctrine_n of_o the_o rabbi_n in_o several_a instance_n 123_o inst_z 1._o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n allow_a transaction_n as_o well_o as_o the_o jewish_a practice_n 124_o inst_z 2._o depalmation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n be_v punish_v by_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n and_o not_o by_o strict_a retaliation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o jewish_a practice_n 125_o inst_z 3._o the_o law_n of_o the_o xii_o tabb_n de_fw-fr osse_fw-la fuso_fw-la vel_fw-la dentibus_fw-la excussis_fw-la appoint_v pecuniary_a punishment_n and_o the_o same_o be_v augment_v or_o diminish_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o delinquent_n which_o be_v also_o the_o jewish_a practice_n 126_o inst_z 4._o in_o the_o agreement_n betwixt_o
it_o be_v declare_v deut_n 19.6_o and_o subsequent_a verse_n to_o extend_v also_o to_o a_o false_a witness_n by_o who_o false_a testimony_n the_o life_n or_o member_n of_o a_o innocent_a man_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o all_o these_o place_n of_o scripture_n serve_v to_o illustrat_fw-la the_o above_o mention_v description_n of_o retaliation_n because_o the_o very_a word_n in_o the_o text_n eye_v for_o eye_n tooth_n for_o tooth_n etc._n etc._n be_v as_o so_o many_o example_n of_o the_o equality_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n either_o literal_o or_o analogical_o by_o geometrical_a proportion_n this_o law_n be_v not_o a_o business_n of_o private_a revenge_n and_o therefore_o the_o execute_n of_o it_o be_v not_o commit_v to_o the_o party_n injure_v as_o some_o commentator_n on_o math._n 5._o vers_fw-la 38_o 39_o &c_n &c_n charge_v upon_o the_o sadducee_n nullo_n enim_fw-la modo_fw-la servaret_fw-la ille_fw-la modum_fw-la say_v estius_n in_o exod._n 21.23_o but_o the_o execution_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o magistrate_n for_o deut._n 19_o 17._o its_o express_o say_v that_o both_o the_o man_n between_o who_o the_o controversy_n be_v shall_v stand_v before_o the_o lord_n before_o the_o priest_n and_o the_o judge_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o those_o day_n and_o all_o private_a revenge_n yea_o even_o private_a hatred_n be_v express_o forbid_v the_o jew_n levit._fw-la 19.17.18_o thou_o shall_v not_o hate_v thy_o brother_n in_o thy_o heart_n thou_o shall_v not_o avenge_v nor_o bear_v any_o grudge_n against_o the_o child_n of_o thy_o people_n and_o the_o roman_a law_n tot_o do_fw-mi c._n ne_fw-fr quis_fw-la in_o sva_fw-la causa_fw-la permit_v no_o man_n to_o judge_v in_o his_o own_o cause_n except_o supreme_a judge_n 3._o this_o law_n of_o retaliation_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o jewish_a oeconomy_n be_v transmit_v to_o the_o gentile_a nation_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o grecian_n who_o be_v the_o most_o learned_a and_o polite_a of_o all_o other_o but_o it_o be_v not_o agree_v upon_o neither_o as_o to_o the_o manner_n how_o nor_o the_o time_n when_o the_o grecian_n receive_v they_o dan._n huetius_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v demonstratio_fw-la evangelica_n prop._n 4._o cap._n 8._o n._n 2._o cite_v author_n who_o say_v they_o may_v have_v receive_v they_o from_o cadmus_n and_o danaus_n who_o be_v contemporary_n with_o moses_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v from_o their_o own_o country_n of_o egypt_n and_o shelter_v themselves_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o teach_v they_o those_o law_n and_o he_o dict_z prop._n cap._n 11._o insist_o at_o large_a upon_o the_o transmission_n of_o these_o law_n to_o the_o grecian_n by_o the_o syrophenician_o but_o author_n who_o he_o cite_v do_v not_o agree_v about_o the_o time_n some_o think_v it_o be_v when_o the_o syrophenician_o flee_v from_o the_o sword_n of_o joshua_n invade_v their_o country_n other_o think_v that_o the_o syrophenician_o themselves_o have_v never_o learn_v these_o law_n before_o solomon_n send_v many_o thousand_o of_o his_o people_n to_o provide_v material_n for_o the_o build_n of_o his_o temple_n 1_o king_n 6._o but_o the_o grecian_n have_v the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n long_o before_o this_o time_n if_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o pythagorean_n who_o as_o aristotle_n say_v lib._n 5._o ethic._n cap._n 5._o ascribe_v this_o law_n to_o rhadamanthus_n king_n of_o lucia_n as_o its_o author_n in_o these_o word_n quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la fecit_fw-la patitur_fw-la autorem_fw-la scelus_fw-la repetit_fw-la suoquâ—_n premitur_fw-la exemplo_fw-la nocens_fw-la i_o say_v it_o must_v be_v old_a than_o solomon_n if_o rhadamanthus_n enact_v it_o for_o turselinus_n in_o his_o epit._n hist_o make_v he_o contemporary_a with_o joshua_n and_o according_a to_o huetius_n dict_z c._n 8._o n._n 12._o he_o be_v the_o same_o with_o moses_n calvisius_n helvicus_n and_o nauclerus_fw-la calculat_v he_o to_o be_v about_o the_o same_o time_n but_o diod._n sicul._n lib._n 12._o ascribe_v the_o law_n for_o the_o eye_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la oculum_fw-la eruerit_fw-la oculum_fw-la reo_fw-la pariter_fw-la eruito_fw-la to_o charondas_n king_n of_o the_o locrian_o surname_v thurius_n because_o he_o give_v law_n to_o the_o thurian_o or_o tyrian_n tiraquel_fw-fr in_o his_o note_n on_o alex._n ab_fw-la alex._n lib._n 6._o dier_z genial_a c._n 10._o and_o then_o as_o to_o that_o particular_a member_n the_o law_n be_v of_o a_o late_a date_n but_o leave_v these_o chronological_a inquiry_n because_o the_o heathen_a history_n of_o these_o time_n from_o which_o they_o be_v take_v be_v very_o uncertain_a according_a to_o the_o learned_a stillingfleet_n orig._n sacr._n cap._n 1._o in_o fin_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o our_o design_n that_o we_o find_v the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o no_o man_n will_v deny_v this_o who_o read_v aristotle_n dict_z l._n 5._o eth._n cap._n 5._o demosth_n in_o timocr_n diog._n laert._n lib._n 10._o and_o huetius_n dict_z prop._n 4._o c._n 11._o p._n 161._o be_v positive_a that_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v one_o of_o the_o law_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o jew_n to_o the_o grecian_n &_o transmit_v by_o they_o to_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o xii_o table_n l._n 2._o §_o 44._o ff_n de_fw-fr orig_n jur_fw-fr anno_o v.c._n 300._o whereby_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n and_o that_o they_o honour_v it_o for_o its_o equity_n by_o ascribe_v the_o general_a law_n quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la fecit_fw-la patitur_fw-la to_o rhadamanthus_n and_o the_o particular_a law_n si_fw-mi quis_fw-la oculum_fw-la eruerit_fw-la to_o charondas_n both_o fame_a for_o their_o equity_n and_o justice_n as_o virgil._n aeneid_n lib._n 6._o and_o the_o mythologist_n testify_v of_o the_o first_o and_z val._n maximus_n testify_v of_o the_o last_o lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o but_o by_o instance_v a_o heathenish_a piece_n of_o courage_n conclus_fw-la 4._o this_o law_n of_o retaliation_n be_v found_v upon_o natural_a equity_n which_o consist_v in_o observe_v equality_n between_o the_o crime_n and_o punishment_n this_o i_o prove_v by_o the_o follow_a argument_n argum._n 1._o common_a censent_fw-la of_o all_o nation_n in_o the_o receive_n a_o law_n be_v a_o good_a argument_n for_o its_o natural_a equity_n and_o all_o nation_n have_v agree_v to_o receive_v this_o law_n this_o we_o have_v already_o show_v as_o to_o the_o grecian_n and_o roman_n n._n 105._o supra_fw-la as_o for_o other_o nation_n their_o receive_v this_o law_n of_o retaliation_n see_v demp_v lib._n 9_o rosin_n in_o paraleip_v p._n 940._o cujac_n lib._n 7._o observe_v cap._n 13._o p._n aerodius_n rerum_fw-la judicat_fw-la lib._n 6._o tit_n 5._o the_o injur_n c._n 20._o forner_n lib._n 3._o select_a cap._n 28._o faber_n lib._n 3._o seme_a cap._n 19_o and_o covaruv_n var._n resolut_a lib_n 2._o cap._n 9_o moreover_o the_o author_n of_o particular_a text_n in_o the_o roman_a law_n be_v positive_a in_o this_o point_n of_o natural_a equity_n as_o ulpian_n in_o l._n 1._o ff_n quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la juris_fw-la who_o there_o say_v quis_fw-la aspernabitur_fw-la idem_fw-la jus_o sibi_fw-la dici_fw-la quod_fw-la ipse_fw-la aliis_fw-la dixit_fw-la and_o the_o foresay_a joannes_n suarez_n dict_z cap._n n._n 7._o say_v that_o he_o believe_v the_o praetor_n introduce_v the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n against_o the_o magistrate_n who_o contrary_a to_o his_o duty_n decern_v unjust_o and_o therefore_o a_o anonymus_fw-la german_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v jus_n ff_n illustratum_fw-la inscribe_v his_o note_n upon_o that_o title_n in_o these_o word_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la talionis_fw-la sive_fw-la retorsionis_fw-la see_v maranus_fw-la cujacius_n his_o scholar_n on_o the_o same_o title_n and_o s._n cacilius_n apud_fw-la a._n gell._n lib._n 20._o c._n 1._o dispute_v for_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n in_o the_o xii_o table_n against_o phavorinus_n have_v these_o word_n quae_fw-la obsecro_fw-la ista_fw-la est_fw-la acerbitas_fw-la si_fw-la idem_fw-la fiat_fw-la in_o te_fw-la quod_fw-la tute_n in_o alios_fw-la feceris_fw-la arg._n 2._o it_o be_v natural_a equity_n be_v assert_v by_o many_o great_a author_n as_o by_o s._n august_n lib._n 21._o de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la cap._n 11._o expostulate_v with_o the_o gentile_n who_o labour_v from_o the_o natural_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n to_o confute_v the_o belief_n of_o eternal_a punishment_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v disproportional_a to_o a_o temporal_a sin_n not_o know_v that_o the_o sin_n be_v measure_v from_o its_o be_v against_o a_o eternal_a majesty_n infinite_a in_o justice_n of_o this_o opinion_n also_o be_v gratian_n in_o c._n paenas_fw-la 14._o qu._n 1._o &_o in_o c._n sex_n differentiae_fw-la 23._o q._n 3._o tertul._n lib_n de_fw-la patientia_fw-la cap._n 6._o origines_fw-la homil_n 10._o in_o exod_a d_o ambros_n lib._n 1_o officior_fw-la cap._n 48._o d._n valerianus_n in_o serm_n de_fw-mi bono_fw-mi disciplina_fw-la s._n isiodorus_n pelusiota_fw-la lib._n 2._o epist_n 133._o abulensis_n in_o
judaico_fw-la l._n 6_o cap._n 12._o and_o valens_n the_o persecute_v arian_n emperor_n may_v be_v adduce_v as_o another_o example_n who_o have_v burn_v fourscore_o orthodox_n christian_n come_v from_o constantinople_n to_o nicom_a diâ—_n unto_o he_o humble_o to_o plead_v their_o cause_n be_v himself_o at_o last_o burn_v in_o a_o little_a covage_n where_o he_o have_v hide_v himself_o when_o fly_v from_o the_o goth_n socrat._v hist._n eccl._n l._n 4._o c._n 3._o and_o some_o late_a example_n be_v record_v by_o camerarius_fw-la in_o his_o historical_a meditation_n cap._n 98._o after_o all_o which_o proof_n the_o natural_a equity_n of_o this_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v so_o that_o the_o deist_n who_o object_n this_o law_n as_o a_o foolish_a and_o unjust_a law_n to_o refel_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o book_n of_o moses_n may_v see_v that_o the_o gentile_a nation_n have_v honour_v this_o law_n if_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o best_a humane_a authority_n which_o if_o the_o deist_n reject_v as_o often_o they_o do_v for_o support_v their_o cause_n they_o will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o prove_v who_o be_v their_o father_n and_o so_o may_v after_o their_o death_n lose_v the_o right_n of_o succession_n conclus_fw-la 5._o though_o it_o be_v prove_v that_o retaliation_n be_v found_v on_o natural_a equity_n and_o so_o be_v immutable_a yet_o nevertheless_o it_o will_v not_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v always_o be_v execute_v according_a to_o a_o arithmetical_a identical_a or_o pythagorical_a proportion_n that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o take_v eye_n for_o eye_n in_o a_o literal_a sense_n which_o aristotle_n say_v the_o pythagorean_n maintain_v but_o its_o sufficient_a for_o satisfy_v the_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n that_o the_o punishment_n be_v execute_v according_a to_o a_o proportion_n geometrical_a analogical_a or_o aristotelical_a that_o be_v to_o say_v by_o pay_v of_o a_o equivalent_a according_a to_o time_n place_n person_n and_o other_o circumstance_n attend_v the_o commit_v of_o the_o crime_n this_o i_o shall_v prove_v by_o several_a argument_n viz._n argum._n 1._o from_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o may_v be_v admit_v to_o clear_v the_o sense_n of_o a_o political_a law_n of_o their_o state_n because_o they_o be_v the_o first_o receiver_n of_o it_o and_o they_o neither_o do_v nor_o in_o all_o case_n of_o bodily_a injury_n can_v observe_v any_o other_o but_o geometrical_a proportion_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_n follow_v 1._o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o take_v retaliation_n as_o in_o the_o example_n exod._n 21.22_o of_o a_o woman_n who_o by_o a_o hurt_v give_v to_o she_o by_o man_n strive_v together_o make_v a_o abortion_n or_o part_n with_o a_o inanimat_n child_n the_o man_n can_v not_o be_v punish_v by_o a_o pythagorical_a retaliation_n but_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n succeed_v in_o place_n of_o punishment_n by_o the_o word_n of_o the_o text._n in_o like_a manner_n there_o can_v not_o be_v a_o pythagorical_a retaliation_n in_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o body_n by_o rape_n and_o adultery_n and_o therefore_o when_o sampsons_n father_n in_o law_n with_o concourse_n of_o the_o philistine_n take_v his_o wife_n from_o he_o and_o give_v she_o to_o his_o companion_n samson_n do_v not_o take_v their_o wife_n and_o bestow_v they_o upon_o other_o according_a to_o the_o literal_a sense_n of_o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n but_o he_o as_o a_o judge_n and_o ruler_n in_o israel_n have_v power_n to_o take_v revenge_n for_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o person_n and_o honour_n of_o his_o wife_n compense_v they_o by_o burn_v of_o their_o corn_n with_o their_o vineyard_n and_o olive_n etc._n etc._n judg._n 15.5_o yet_o nevertheless_o he_o excuse_v his_o take_a revenge_n in_o word_n declare_v it_o to_o be_v retaliation_n say_v vers_fw-la 11._o as_o they_o do_v into_o i_o so_o have_v i_o do_v unto_o they_o 2._o the_o law_n of_o retaliation_n do_v not_o hinder_v the_o jew_n to_o transact_v for_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o their_o person_n except_o death_n be_v the_o consequence_n of_o the_o injury_n and_o this_o be_v infer_v from_o god_n prohibit_v transaction_n simple_o in_o the_o case_n of_o homicide_n numb_a 33.31_o you_o shall_v take_v no_o ransom_n for_o the_o life_n of_o a_o murderer_n so_o ainsworth_n on_o exod._n 21.25_o infer_v josephus_n antiqu._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 46._o give_v the_o flection_n to_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi whether_o he_o will_v have_v the_o fine_a or_o the_o reciprocal_a punishment_n but_o ainsworth_n a_o man_n well_o verse_v in_o rabbinical_a learning_n observe_v no_o such_o thing_n out_o of_o maimonides_n who_o he_o adduce_n to_o prove_v their_o custom_n of_o transact_v and_o this_o serve_v to_o vindicat_fw-la the_o practice_n of_o the_o justice_n court_n where_o such_o transaction_n be_v judicial_o allow_v as_o we_o show_v among_o the_o defence_n n._n 74.77.78_o 79._o supra_fw-la which_o prove_v that_o these_o kind_n of_o injury_n be_v but_o privata_fw-la delicta_fw-la wherein_o the_o public_a be_v not_o concern_v 3._o for_o the_o same_o reason_n viz._n that_o paction_n or_o transaction_n be_v allow_v to_o the_o jew_n tanquam_fw-la in_o delictis_fw-la privatis_fw-la their_o judge_n never_o do_v nor_o be_v they_o oblige_v to_o inquire_v in_o these_o crime_n and_o this_o be_v infer_v from_o deut._n 19.17_o 18._o where_n it_o be_v say_v that_o both_o the_o man_n between_o who_o the_o controversy_n be_v shall_v stand_v before_o the_o lord_n before_o the_o priest_n and_o the_o judge_n which_o shall_v be_v in_o these_o day_n and_o then_o but_o not_o till_o then_o it_o be_v say_v the_o judge_n shall_v make_v diligent_a inquisition_n this_o be_v another_o of_o ainsworths_n observation_n and_o it_o agree_v with_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o our_o practice_n mention_v dict_z n._n 79._o supra_fw-la 4._o if_o the_o party_n injure_v do_v apply_v to_o the_o judge_n and_o insist_v to_o have_v the_o pain_n of_o retaliation_n inflict_v yet_o even_o in_o that_o case_n the_o judge_n be_v not_o always_o oblige_v to_o inflict_v it_o according_a to_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n but_o be_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o circumstance_n of_o time_n person_n place_n age_n of_o the_o delinquent_n as_o also_o his_o strength_n to_o undergo_v the_o punishment_n without_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o life_n for_o a_o sickly_a man_n by_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o hand_n may_v lose_v his_o life_n likewise_o the_o take_v away_o the_o eye_n of_o a_o monoculus_n or_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o delinquent_n who_o have_v but_o one_o will_v be_v hard_a to_o he_o than_o what_o he_o have_v do_v to_o one_o have_v two_o eye_n or_o two_o hand_n the_o judge_n be_v also_o to_o consider_v whether_o he_o be_v pursue_v or_o defend_v when_o the_o crime_n be_v commit_v and_o according_a to_o these_o and_o other_o circumstance_n he_o be_v to_o punish_v or_o not_o punish_v &_o to_o heighten_v or_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n as_o he_o shall_v think_v fit_a ex_fw-la gr_n though_o the_o rule_n of_o retaliation_n foresay_a in_o hurt_n be_v only_o simple_a retaliation_n stripe_n for_o stripe_n yet_o the_o single_a smite_v of_o father_n or_o mother_n be_v punish_v with_o death_n exod._n 21.15_o and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n if_o a_o master_n smite_v out_o the_o eye_n or_o tooth_n of_o his_o manservant_n or_o maidservant_n the_o master_n be_v not_o punish_v with_o pull_v out_o of_o his_o eye_n or_o tooth_n but_o the_o servant_n obtain_v his_o liberty_n as_o a_o thing_n more_o profitable_a for_o he_o exod._n 21.26_o 27._o also_o if_o a_o magistrate_n do_v smite_v a_o beggar_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o beggar_n be_v smite_v a_o magistrate_n with_o amputation_n of_o a_o hand_n or_o some_o great_a punishment_n as_o to_o which_o case_n read_v cajetan_n and_o willet_n their_o commentary_n on_o exod._n 21.24_o 25_o 26._o all_o which_o be_v consider_v it_o can_v not_o be_v easy_a to_o fix_v upon_o a_o case_n wherein_o simple_a retaliation_n can_v be_v exact_o inflict_v by_o the_o jewish_a magistrate_n in_o a_o literal_a sense_n all_o this_o agree_v to_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o if_o we_o be_v not_o here_o restrict_v to_o speak_v of_o personal_a injury_n do_v to_o the_o body_n we_o can_v give_v many_o instance_n in_o the_o jewish_a law_n wherein_o pythagorical_a retaliation_n be_v not_o observe_v particular_o in_o theft_n exod._n 21.1_o 5._o where_o the_o thief_n be_v to_o restore_v somerime_n the_o double_a sometime_o fourfold_a and_o sometime_o fivefold_a 5._o when_o the_o pursuer_fw-mi and_o defender_n among_o the_o jew_n be_v person_n of_o equal_a quality_n and_o otherwise_o equal_o circumstantiate_v and_o the_o case_n itself_o plain_a and_o free_a from_o aggravate_v circumstance_n which_o be_v the_o only_a difficult_a case_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o very_a case_n that_o josephus_n speak_v of_o