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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A54288	New instructions to the guardian shewing that the last remedy to prevent the ruin, advance the interest, and recover the honour of this nation is I. a more serious and strict education of the nobility and gentry, II. to breed up all their younger sons to some calling and employment, III. more of them to holy orders, with a method of institution from three years of age to twenty one.	Penton, Stephen, 1639-1706.	1694 (1694)	Wing P1440; ESTC R5509	42,499	186

enclined to hearken to these Good Wishes In the Second Part I will prescribe him such a Method from the very beginning of his Adventure as by God's Blessing upon his Abilities shall give him very great Insight if he can take Pains enough A Catalogue of several Great Families whose Relations have been Church Men. AGelnothus Bishop of Canterbury Son of Earl Agelmare Athelmarus Bishop of Winton Son to Hugh Earl of March Henry de Bloys Bishop of Winchester Brother to King Stephen Hugh de Pudsey Bishop of Durham Earl of Northumberland Boniface of Savoy Bishop of Cant. Uncle to Queen Eleanor Wife to Henry III. Richard Talbot Bishop of London Allied to the Talbot's after Earls of Shrewsbury Henry Beaufort Bishop of Lincoln and Winton Son to John of Gaunt William Courtney Bishop of Canterb. Son of Hugh Courtney Earl of Devon Giles de Bruce Bishop of Hereford Son of William Lord de Bruce George Nevil Bishop of Exon and York Brother to Richard Nevil Earl of Warwick Thomas Piercy Bishop of Norwich Allied to the Piercy's Earls of Northumberland Lionel Woodvil Bishop of Sarum Son to Earl Rivers Thomas Vipont Bishop of Carirsle Allied to Viponts then Earls of Westmorland Marmaduke Lumley Bishop of Carlisle Allied to the House of Lumley's Walter Bishop of Durham Earl of Northumberland Julius de Medices Bishop of Worcester Allied to the House of Medices in Italy Nicholas de Longespee Bishop of Sarum Son to William Earl of Salisbury William Dudley Bishop of Durham Son of John Lord Dudley Walter de Cantilupo Bishop of Worcester of a Great House in Normandy Lewes Beaumont Bishop of Durham of the Blood-Royal of France Thomas Arundel Bishop of Canterb. Son to Robert Earl of Arundel and Warren James Berkley Bishop of Exon Son to the Lord Berkley Richard Scroope Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield Brother to William Scroope Earl of Wiltshire Thomas Bourchier Bishop of Cant. Son to Henry Bourchler Earl of Essex Roger de Clinton Bishop of Coventry and Litchfield of the same Family with Geofry de Clinton John Stafford Bishop of Canterbury Son to the Earl of Stafford William de Vere Bishop of Hereford Richard Beauchamp Bishop of Hereford and Sarum John Orandison Bishop of Exon of the House of Grandison Dukes of Burgundy Edmund Audley Bishop of Hereford Allied to the Lord Audley Henry 〈◊〉 Bishop of Lincoln 〈…〉 Baron of Lords John Zou●h Bishop of Landaff Brother to the Lord Zouch Fulco Basset Bishop of London Lord Basset James Stanley Bishop of Ely Brother to the Eacl of Derby Simon Montacute Bishop of Ely Allied to the Montacutes then Earls Salisbury What Clergy have sprung from the Gentry Lawyers and Merchants you may see in a very large Catalogue annexed to the Charter of the Corporation for Widows and Children of Clergy-men Printed July 1. 1678. for John Playford in Little-Britain To speak my mind more plainly 1. A strict Education of the young Nobility and Gentry would be a great Advantage to the Publick It is a great Wrong to the National Concerns that we lose the Service and Assistance which the Parts of so many excellent Persons might afford What great variety would the King have to fill up all void Places of Trust and Honour What choice of Privy-Councellors Ambassadors Judges and Justices of the Peace What a glorious shew of Military Officers at Land and Sea We may learn from an Enemy How mightily doth the French King serve himself of the Nobility there What an Emulation makes them contend to deserve best And though God be thanked the Arbitrary Command of our Service is not so great as theirs yet the Love of our Country ought to be And what a noble Resolution would it be for all Persons of Quality to Consecrate the several Inclinations of their Children to the respective Services of the Kingdom Civil Ecclesiastical or Military according as Sedentariness and Books or Activity and Business is their Talent How many Honourable Conditions doth great skill in the Law prepare a Man for How many Lives doth a good Physician save And what a Calamitous want is there in many places where many a Gentleman miscarries because the Quack cannot write a good Bill or because the Apothecary cannot read a bad Hand There are great Dignities in the Church which no doubt the King had rather bestow on a Man of Birth If his Temper be for Action in the Field he will scarce ever want an opportunity to be as Stout as he pleaseth And he must have a care of mistaking the Employment It is not now as in the time of Peace when being good for little was Qualification enough for a Soldiers Life which is often chosen because it is most like to Idleness Now Industry Hardiness Vigilancy Skill and Conduct is required and Courage to venture the Lottery of Death or Honour 2. A strict Education of the Nobility and Gentry would be of great Advantage to their own Private Families The Eldest Son would keep up the Honour and wisely manage the Estate of his Ancestors and be likely to add to both But on the contrary if he value himself by the customary liberty of Heirs to be Loose and Idle he may Hunt Hoop and Hallow for some Years but in a little time thou shalt look and behold he is not thou shalt seek him but he shall no where be found And besides the danger of running out an Estate a loose and fond Education of a Son and Heir is the ready way to make him self-will'd Humoursome and Proud For having been gratifyed in all he desired when young he expects the same Fondness from all People when he grows up and for want of it grows Peevish Sowre and Unconversable And I believe many Mothers Wives Sisters and Servants have often found such a Man prove the most imperious Son Husband Brother Master and Neighbour in all the Kingdom As for the Younger Sons if they are not bred up to some Profession their case is not indifferent They are left to the dieting of a moderate Condition Their Parentage makes them aim at Great Fortunes but the hard word Jointure spoils all Sobriety in such Persons is a great Vertue and it must be a great share of preventing Grace that can keep them within bounds it being a very hard matter not to do ill when a Man hath nothing else to do Whereas were they bred good Scholars what might not they promise themselves I would have every younger Son dream as Joseph did That Father Mother and eldest Brother should bow to his Wealth and Power There have been Honourable Families in this Kingdom which have made this good By undertaking one of the forementioned Professions as they may do great service to the Nation so in the end they may be very well paid The Kingdom is not niggardly to such as deserve if they are not wanting to themselves by Modesty No Nation in Europe hath better rewards for Industry and I verily believe they are generally as well

would take the young Gentleman along with me round all the Circuits with the Judges The diversion of the Company and the security on the Road will ballance any Inconvenience I can foresee And by this means in few Weeks time you will view all Counties and Cities most eminent in the Nation III. The History and Geographical Description of the Country you travail to should be first studied How it Borders and how it is Divided by tracing the famous Rivers and Branches of them IV. Some Grammatical Instruction in the Language would prepare you more easily to learn to Speak it V. A Catalogue ought to be collected and always with you of such Curiosities Ancient and Modern in Provinces and Cities as are most observable and the old and new Names of Places compared by this you will readily know what to enquire for VI. As for Cloaths take only a Travailing Suit and dress your self a-la-mode when you arrive there Good Skill in the Prices of things is absolutely necessary for his Tutor VII Besides Bills of Return it will be convenient to have some Letters of Credit to Merchants in case your Bill should fail and some advise to take with you a Jewel or any precious thing which may easily be carried and concealed about your Cloathes VIII You must resolve upon a great inoffensiveness of Conversation Patience of disagreeable occurrences and avoidance of Earnestness in Dispute especially about Matters of Religions or Honour of Kingdoms IX You must not be too open as if every one you met were an English-man neither yet so reserv'd as to beget a suspicion of your Jealousie X. When you receive Money keep it private least it be borrowed one of the two ways XI When you remove from one Province to another keep the time of your departure secret laest other Foreigners or your own Country-men who sometimes prove the most impertinent of Acquaintance pin themselves upon you XII You must study your own Constitution and carefully observe how it relishes the great change of Air and Diet and remember to eat Fruit wisely XIII You must not expect that all you see others practise and do your self abroad must be equally practised here when you return For Example If you see a French Nobleman run a poor Peasant through for not taking notice of him a Mile off you must not do that here for fear of a Knock in the Poll with a Club or an Ax. If you see a Venetian Lady standing at a Window and looking as who should say you must not Complement her with a Billet Douce lest you receive a dry'd Peare for your Kindness If you see a Fopp ambling in the Street his Toes awayward as if the had fallen-out simpering as Formally and cringing as stiffly as the two Beaux do on the Sign of the Salutation and you practise that here you will be as much Laugh'd at in England when you come back as you were in France when first you went over to learn it If you see a poor Animal run a Mile for one Farthing to open a Gate for a Passenger and wear out his Wooden Shoes to the Bargain by scraping Thanks you must beware of expecting that here lest the same Fellow shut the Gate against you when you come that way again Because you care not Three-pence for any Man you meet in the Streets of Paris Rome Venice or Amsterdam you must not bring hither such a Selfishness as to despise Relations old Acquaintance Friends and Neighbours for if you do so they will all wish you gone again Above all things if you see others Atheistical and careless do you double your own private Devotions for Fear keep your Soul diligently and secure the Blessing of Him whom Wind and Sea obey XIV Now lastly you must make me one Promise That you will tell no more when you return than you saw And so I wish you a good Journey and if you can send me News of any Nation the King of France hath not made Fools of 't is odds but I and my Friend may follow 2. If his Temper rather inclines him to settle and spend his Talents in the Country how he may pay his Duty to God in being useful there I referr him to the Directions given in the Guardian 's Instruction pag. 13. in the Honourable Offices he may be called to and if he merit a Promotion into the Parliament-House he may sind some thoughts spent upon a young Gentleman's Carriage there Guardian 's Instruction pag. 85. See more on this Head in the Gentleman 's Calling 3. If the delight of the Study or gainfulness of the Practice make him fancy the Profession of Physick then good and more than ordinary skill in the Greek Tongue is necessary for understanding Terms of Art and Authors to be met withal As also considerable understanding both in old and new Natural Philosophy As for a Method of entring on the Study Advices being various he must consult with his Friends knowing in it I have heard a Person learned in the Science and skilful in the Practice recommend Chymistry first as most agreeable to the order of Knowledge For since we can have but little or no Notion of the Saliva ferment of the Stomach Chylisication and all other Ferments and Juices upon which the Oeconomy of all Human and Animal Bodies depends as likewise but an imperfect Knowledge of the Medicinal qualities of Simples without a previous and general insight into the nature of Salts and the various Effects their mixture with Liquors may produce It seems but resonable to give Chymistry the first place in a Study of this Nature Now though Anatomy hath not that Relation to Botany as Chymistry hath to both yet because the use of the latter as far as it makes a part of the Materia Medica depends wholly upon a nice acquaintance with the former it would look like a preposterous Method to consider that first 4. If the noble Study of the civil-Civil-Law makes his Mouth water after good Latin Reason and History these following Books are thought adviseable by the Learned I. Duc de Authoritate Juris Civilis This shews of what Authority it is now in the several Nations of the World II. Ridley's View of the civil-Civil-Law III. Justinian's Institutions to be read with an easie Comment the most easie is Mynsinger in Institut IV. Bronchurstius de Regulis Juris V. The first and last Books of the Digests The first and Three last Books of the Codex These H. Grotius doth particularly recommend to a Person of Quality and may best be read with the Assistance of Calvin's Lexicon and Wesenbeehii Paratitla VI. Vulteii Juris prudentia Romamana which gives a full view of the Roman Law under most exact Divisions Lastly should be read several useful Questions exactly stated viz. in VII Zouch Questiones Juris Civilis VIII Hotomanni Questiones Illustres 5. No Study can make a Gentleman more considerable and useful to his Country than good skill

in the Common-Law of England to which purpose some advise I. Fortescue de Laudibus Legum Angliae II. Terms of the Law III. Smith de Republicà Anglorum IV. Doctor and Student V. Sir Francis Bacon's Introduction to the Laws of England at the end of his Maxims VI. Wingat's Abridgement VII Coke upon Littleton His Institutes and some of his Reports occasionally read VIII Bracton IX Fleta with Selden's Notes consult the Learned Directions for the beginning a compleat Course in the Study of Divinity by the help of the Apparatus ad Theologiam Written for that purpose and sold by Walter Kettilby and Sam. Smith in St. Paul ' s-Church-yard and the Booksellers in Oxford 1. SInce the different Perswasions in Religion and Controversies shelter themselves mainly under the Authority of Scripture the first Step and I am certain the surest Footing for a young Divine must be on a sound Knowledge of the Language and Text Sence and Context of Scripture and a sincere search after Truth must exclude all prejudice in the Application 2. The Hebrew Language being narrow and therefore obscure I advise that the close Study of that Tongue be deferred for the first Two or Three Years because it may discourage and stop the beginnings of the Study 3. For perfecting his Knowledge in the Greek it will be requisite to buy the Septuagint and a Greek Testament the larger the better and get them Interleaved to write down the explication of such Words he knows not with their various Significations and Authors who use them 3. He must also have an English Bible Interleaved of a large Size and if bound up in two Volumes no matter wherein he may put down the Interpretations of all difficult places which he either Casually or Industriously finds to he constantly in his Study differing from the Bible he is afterwards to use in the Pulpit 4. He must get the Art of Writing down his Observations and Explications very briefly otherwise his Transcriptions will be infinite and tedious A Method of Marking difficult places See Apparat pag. 120. 5. Several Observations to be made in reading the Scriptures concerning I. The Chronology so far as till the Heathen Computation of time begins to have certainty II. The History of the illustrious Examples of Good and Bad Men of Deliverances and Judgments c. III. The Geography especially as far as concorns the Holy Land and bordering places mentioned IV. Weights Measures and Distances and what Proportion they bear to ours now V. The English Phrase and Rhetorick which will be of great use hereafter in the Pulpit VI. Such Texts as are a kind of Common-place Texts either of good Life and Manners or to Preach on upon occasion VII Next to the Study of Scripture he must acquaint himself with the Doctrine of his own Church out of the Articles Homilies and especially the Collects as also to be well vers'd in Canons and Rubricks VIII The various opinions dissenting from the Doctrine and Practices dissenting from the Canons of his own Church Arch-Hereticks Scismaticks Ancient and Modern c. IX Then to read the Lives of the Apostles Apostolical Men Fathers Heads and Founders of differing Opinions the Eives of the Emperors with a Chronological Series to be learned without-Book and frequently repeated this will help the knowledge of Church-History X. Two great Paper-Books for Heads and Common places the first for things Theological See Apparatus pag. 45. The second for some other promiscuous matters See pag. 13. cap. 6. this will be useful all his life-time to set down or referr to what he reads but with brief and contract writing mentioned before XI A short Catalogue of the best Books for his purpose which for the first Two or Three Years are absolutely necessary he must be directed to and then what private Tracts are most Orthodox and Learned on any part in his Divinity Head-Book XII He must seriously consider to which part in the Study of Divinity his Nature inclines him for the main bent of his Indistry according to that Division Apparatus pag. 1. As for Preaching both Method Materials and Delivery it is not convenient to be published it is best taught by Discourse and Example when the Person 's Capacity Knowledge and Temper is known This I think is a safer Course for a young Divine than to begin with Systems and suck in Opinions before he understands them If the Divine be a Person of Condition and Quality I would advise him the Assistance and Tutorage of some experienced Person it would turn to great Account by easing Difficulty shortening the Course and effectually obtaining the Design Something like this Project I approve of very well which a very worthy Gentleman of good Sence and Fortune is now putting in Practise He hath one only Child Heir to a very considerable Condition in the World and who for Personals might make as fair pretensions to the Vanity and Courtship of it as Men of less Discretion do but his Parents are resolved that the World shall not have him for they will give him back again to God and which is something more strange the young Gentleman himself is as willing as they can be to be lent unto the Lord so Hannah called her Son Samuel's Ministry And I perswade my self that a dutiful Compliance with so pious a design at the rate of God's Mercifulness can hardly fail of the desired Blessing The Method the Father intends to go by is this After the Advice of Tutors in a round Course of University-Studies he intends to provide his Son a Tutor for Divinity which by the the way is as necessary as for Logick and Philosophy and so I might say for Physick and Civil Law too His great aim is to find a Man knowing in the Studies and experienced in the Practice of a Divine And the advantage may prove very great For what is written in Books is dead and stiff in comparison of what is delivered Viva Voce When Friendship and Familiarity beside solid and fundamental Instruction shall draw out a Thousand little Advices of great moment though not fit to be Printed neither doth any Man care to publish to all the World what himself knows and hath practised in his Function Two Years of such an Institution rightly managed and intelligently received would give so great a lift into the Pulpit and to Preferment also if that were wanted or aimed at as is not to be valued New Instructions TO THE GUARDIAN The Third Part. THE CONCLUSION In behalf of Holy Orders London Printed in the Year 1694. THE CONCLUSION In behalf of Holy Orders WHY may not a Man be bold to perswade the Nobility and Gentry after such an Education of their Children as hath been prescrib'd to make more of them Clergy-men 1. From the Nature of the Profession Certainly every good Man must needs own that it is a singular Blessing to have that for a Man 's peculiar Business and Calling which is the greatest concern