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direct_v thou_o in_o the_o truth_n my_o request_n to_o thou_o be_v to_o correct_v the_o mispoint_v or_o page_v for_o my_o business_n be_v such_o that_o i_o can_v see_v it_o correct_v myself_o but_o trust_v in_o your_o goodness_n shall_v conclude_v small_a fault_n if_o you_o will_v pardon_v and_o some_o amend_v then_o i_o will_v be_v you_o to_o my_o life_n end_n from_o cashiobury_n near_o watford_n novemb_n 16._o an._n 1675._o m._n cook_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o raise_v tree_n the_o best_a for_o forrest-tree_n be_v by_o their_o seed_n key_n or_o nut_n etc._n etc._n you_o may_v raise_v most_o sort_n
and_o 15_o first_o find_v 55_o then_o count_v 15_o forward_a and_o the_o point_n be_v 70_o for_o add_v 5_o to_o 55_o it_o make_v 60_o and_o count_v 10_o forward_a the_o point_n be_v 70._o example_n in_o 3_o whole_a number_n 60_o 57_o &_o 35_o first_o find_v 60_o than_o 5_o ten_o forward_a be_v 110_o and_o 7_o of_o a_o ten_o it_o be_v then_o 117_o then_o from_o that_o point_n count_v 35_o and_o the_o point_n or_o division_n show_v it_o be_v 152._o example_n a_o whole_a number_n and_o a_o decimal_n as_o 6_o and_o 9_o 10_o find_v 16_o on_o either_o part_n of_o your_o rule_n then_o count_v 9_o of_o the_o 10_o division_n that_o be_v between_o 6_o &_o 7_o which_o be_v one_o division_n short_a of_o 7_o and_o that_o be_v the_o point_n which_o be_v 6_o and_o 9_o ten_o or_o thus_o 6_o 9_o 10_o or_o 6.9_o it_o also_o may_v be_v read_v 6_o 90_o 100_o for_o it_o be_v the_o point_n of_o that_o also_o example_n 2_o whole_a number_n and_o 2_o fraction_n as_o 60_o 80_o and_o 70.50_o i_o take_v 60_o and_o count_v 7_o ten_o forward_a which_o be_v at_o the_o point_n 130_o not_o here_o the_o middle_a one_o be_v read_v 100_o than_o 3_o ten_o forward_a be_v for_o 30_o then_o for_o the_o 80_o and_o 50_o which_o be_v 130_o i_o count_v one_o ten_o more_o which_o then_o be_v 131_o and_o be_v the_o division_n on_o the_o line_n fall_v so_o close_o you_o must_v estimate_n or_o guess_v the_o 90_o 100_o or_o it_o be_v but_o add_v the_o 2_o last_o figure_n together_o and_o keep_v the_o unite_v in_o your_o mind_n to_o add_v to_o your_o other_o sum_n and_o so_o you_o may_v be_v exact_a add_v 50_o and_o 80_o together_o it_o make_v 130_o keep_v 30_o in_o mind_n as_o in_o this_o example_n i_o neglect_v the_o 2_o cipher_n and_o add_v 8_o and_o 5_o together_o which_o be_v 13_o or_o add_v 80_o and_o 50_o make_v 130_o now_o they_o 2_o cipher_n add_v together_o make_v but_o one_o cypher_n add_v to_o 13_o be_v 130_o that_o be_v one_o integer_fw-la and_o 30_o of_o another_o but_o if_o the_o 80_o and_o 50_o have_v be_v only_o 8_o and_o 5_o then_z 10_o have_v be_v the_o integer_fw-la and_o the_o 3_o have_v be_v 3_o 10_o of_o one_o and_o note_v this_o that_o if_o the_o integer_fw-la or_o whole_a sum_n that_o the_o fraction_n belong_v to_o in_o decimal_a fraction_n i_o say_v if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v 10_o then_o from_o one_o to_o 10_o be_v the_o decimal_a fraction_n of_o that_o and_o if_o the_o integer_fw-la be_v a_o 100_o then_o from_o one_o to_o a_o 100_o be_v the_o decimal_n of_o that_o if_o a_o 1000_o then_o from_o one_o to_o a_o 1000_o the_o decimal_n of_o a_o 1000_o may_v be_v and_o so_o of_o great_a sum_n so_o that_o in_o decimal_n there_o be_v no_o improper_a fraction_n as_o be_v in_o your_o vulgar_a fraction_n for_o there_o you_o may_v find_v the_o denominator_fw-la more_o than_o the_o numerator_n if_o the_o fraction_n be_v a_o proper_a fraction_n but_o if_o a_o improper_a fraction_n than_o the_o denominator_fw-la less_o than_o the_o numerator_n as_o may_v be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o most_o book_n that_o treat_v of_o fraction_n see_v mr._n wingates_n arithmetic_n natural_a so_o that_o decimal_a fraction_n may_v be_v express_v without_o the_o denominator_fw-la by_o fix_v before_o the_o decimal_n or_o break_a number_n propound_v as_o 12_o 35_o 100_o be_v thus_o 12.35_o and_o 2_o 98_o 100_o thus_o 2.98_o etc._n etc._n or_o 2_o 5_o 10_o or_o 2_o ½_o may_v thus_o be_v write_v and_o be_v in_o decimal_n write_v 2.5_o that_o be_v 2_o and_o a_o half_a for_o in_o this_o example_n the_o integer_fw-la be_v 10_o and_o then_z 5_o being_z half_z 10_o so_o it_o be_v 2_o and_o a_o half_a i_o have_v be_v large_a on_o this_o rule_n because_o i_o will_v write_v to_o those_o that_o do_v not_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o these_o rule_n as_o well_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v well_o verse_v in_o they_o my_o desire_n be_v to_o learn_v the_o one_o and_o to_o show_v the_o other_o that_o which_o i_o can_v never_o see_v yet_o in_o any_o book_n viz._n new_a example_n chap._n xlix_o substraction_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n the_o rule_n be_v first_o find_v the_o point_n which_o the_o great_a number_n make_v then_o count_v the_o least_o number_n from_o that_o point_n towards_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o remainder_n be_v the_o other_o number_n example_n of_o two_o number_n as_o 12_o from_o 144_o first_o i_o find_v 144_o there_o i_o set_v one_o point_n of_o my_o compass_n and_o count_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n 12_o then_o read_v the_o point_n that_o remain_v i_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 132._o example_n of_o 3_o number_n suppose_v you_o be_v to_o subtract_v 8_o and_o 19_o from_o 800_o add_v 8_o and_o 19_o together_o which_o be_v 27_o then_o find_v the_o point_n 800_o then_o count_v 2_o tenthes_o and_o 7_o of_o ten_o from_o the_o point_n 800_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n this_o show_v the_o point_n 773_o which_o be_v the_o question_n this_o rule_n be_v seldom_o use_v on_o the_o line_n therefore_o i_o shall_v say_v no_o more_o of_o it_o but_o come_v to_o the_o most_o useful_a rule_n on_o the_o line_n viz._n multiplication_n division_n the_o rule_n of_o 3_o etc._n etc._n chap._n l._n multiplication_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n this_o rule_n be_v thus_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o one_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v multiply_v the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o other_o number_n to_o the_o content_a example_n if_o you_o be_v to_o multiply_v 6_o by_o 8_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o 6_o keep_v the_o compass_n fix_v and_o that_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 8_o to_o 48_o the_o content_a or_o if_o you_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 1_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 8_o at_o that_o exent_n if_o you_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 6_o the_o other_o point_n will_v reach_v to_o 48_o the_o content_a as_o be_v before_o describe_v note_v that_o your_o rule_n must_v be_v divide_v into_o 10_o equal_a part_n and_o these_o 10_o part_n each_o of_o they_o into_o 10_o other_o equal_a part_n thus_o will_v your_o foot_n be_v divide_v into_o a_o 100_o equal_a part_n and_o thus_o must_v your_o yard_n pole_n etc._n etc._n be_v divide_v then_o will_v these_o part_n answer_v the_o line_n of_o number_n which_o be_v a_o a_o decimal_n line_n example_n 2d_o if_o a_o stone_n or_o board_n be_v 14_o inch_n broad_a and_o 30_o inch_n long_o how_o many_o inch_n be_v there_o in_o that_o stone_n board_n &_o c_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o 14_o the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 30_o the_o length_n to_o 420_o the_o content_a in_o superficial_a inch_n but_o if_o you_o will_v know_v how_o much_o of_o this_o breadth_n will_v make_v a_o foot_n square_n of_o board_n glass_n or_o stone_n the_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o the_o breadth_n in_o inches_n be_v to_o 144_o the_o superficial_a inch_n in_o one_o foot_n that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o the_o length_n of_o one_o foot_n in_o inch-measure_n example_n 3d._n set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 14_o the_o breadth_n extend_v the_o other_o to_o 144_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o 10_o and_o near_o 3_o 10_o and_o so_o much_o make_v a_o foot_n long_o at_o 14_o inch_n broad_a superficial_a measure_n to_o prove_v this_o if_o you_o multiply_v 14_o by_o 10_o 3_o 10_o the_o product_n will_v be_v 144_o 2_o 10_o so_o it_o be_v but_o 2_o of_o 10_o or_o one_o five_o part_n more_o but_o the_o most_o customary_a way_n to_o measure_v board_n glass_n stone_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v measure_v by_o superficial_a foot-measure_n be_v by_o inch-measure_n and_o foot-measure_n together_o and_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o 12_o the_o side_z of_o a_o foot_n square_a be_v to_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o foot_n or_o part_n to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n or_o part_n example_n 4._o shall_v be_v in_o the_o aforesaid_a example_n to_o make_v the_o rule_n more_o plain_a set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n always_o on_o 12_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n which_o be_v 14_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v 30_o inch_n to_o near_o 3_o foot_n viz._n to_o two_o foot_n 9_o 10_o and_o better_o as_o before_z but_o note_n if_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n be_v more_o than_o 12_o as_o in_o the_o last_o example_n then_o must_v you_o turn_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n and_o part_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o if_o the_o breadth_n be_v less_o than_o 12_o
as_o soon_o as_o ever_o the_o spring-shoot_a be_v over_o which_o be_v near_a midsummer_n and_o take_v out_o some_o great_a bough_n then_o if_o you_o mind_v your_o time_n and_o do_v it_o with_o discretion_n you_o may_v force_v that_o tree_n to_o put_v forth_o blow_v bud_n and_o blow_n and_o bear_v the_o year_n follow_v thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o some_o way_n and_o hint_n of_o prune_a tree_n though_o i_o know_v some_o that_o be_v against_o prune_v they_o at_o all_o so_o be_v there_o some_o that_o be_v against_o learning_n but_o it_o be_v convenient_a for_o tree_n to_o be_v prune_v well_o as_o also_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o man_n to_o be_v bring_v up_o in_o learning_n for_o thereby_o both_o produce_v much_o the_o better_a fruit_n therefore_o be_v go_v from_o hence_o thou_o knotty-natured_a turk_n there_o be_v nought_o design_v for_o thou_o within_o this_o work_n this_o be_v for_o christian_n make_v and_o such_o as_o be_v lover_n of_o tree_n and_o ingenuity_n this_o be_v intend_v only_o for_o the_o wise_a and_o none_o but_o ignorant_n will_v it_o despise_v let_v fool_n laugh_v on_o and_o wise_a man_n plant_v as_o fast_o and_o see_v who_o will_v have_v the_o better_o on_o it_o at_o last_o i_o shall_v here_o show_v you_o what_o the_o good_a esquire_n say_v in_o his_o discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n pag._n 74._o which_o he_o quote_v from_o a_o ancient_a author_n it_o be_v a_o misery_n say_v he_o to_o see_v how_o our_o fair_a tree_n be_v deface_v by_o unskilful_a woodman_n and_o mischievous_a borderer_n who_o go_v always_o arm_v with_o short_a hand-bill_n hack_v and_o chap_a off_o all_o that_o come_v in_o their_o way_n by_o which_o our_o tree_n be_v make_v full_a of_o knot_n boil_n and_o canker_n to_o their_o utter_a destruction_n good_a husband_n shall_v be_v ashamed_a of_o it_o as_o much_o to_o be_v reprehend_v be_v those_o who_o either_o begin_v this_o work_n at_o unseasonable_a time_n or_o so_o maim_v the_o poor_a branch_n that_o either_o out_o of_o laziness_n or_o want_n of_o skill_n they_o leave_v most_o of_o they_o stub_n and_o instead_o of_o cut_v the_o arm_n and_o branch_n close_o to_o the_o boll_n back_o they_o off_o a_o foot_n or_o two_o from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o tree_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o become_v â—hâ—low_n and_o rot_a and_o be_v as_o so_o many_o conduit_n to_o receive_v rain_n and_o the_o weather_n which_o perish_v they_o to_o the_o very_a head_n deform_v the_o whole_a tree_n with_o many_o ugly_a botch_n which_o shorten_v its_o life_n and_o utter_o mar_v the_o tree_n by_o this_o animadversion_n alone_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o a_o ingenious_a man_n to_o understand_v how_o tree_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v which_o be_v in_o a_o word_n or_o two_o by_o cut_v clean_a smooth_a and_o close_a make_v the_o stroke_n upward_o and_o with_o a_o sharp_a chisel_n or_o bill_n so_o as_o the_o weight_n of_o a_o untractable_a bough_n do_v not_o splice_n and_o carry_v the_o bark_n with_o it_o which_o be_v both_o dangerous_a and_o unsightly_a and_o by_o endeavour_v to_o keep_v the_o tree_n taper_n by_o leave_v some_o little_a bough_n on_o the_o side_n i_o have_v here_o show_v you_o how_o to_o prune_v forrest-tree_n with_o somewhat_o of_o high_a standard_n fruit-tree_n but_o if_o you_o will_v see_v more_o book_n then_o see_v esquire_n evelyn_n discourse_n of_o forrest-tree_n and_o for_o fruit-tree_n the_o curate_n of_o henonville_n book_n but_o here_o note_v if_o you_o shall_v have_v any_o tree_n that_o shall_v be_v stundied_a or_o very_o crooked_a or_o much_o crop_v by_o cattle_n the_o best_a way_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v to_o prune_v up_o such_o tree_n to_o a_o head_n but_o first_o to_o fall_v they_o close_o at_o the_o ground_n and_o then_o they_o will_v put_v forth_o young_a straight_o shoot_v one_o of_o the_o best_a you_o must_v nurse_v up_o if_o you_o intend_v it_o for_o a_o timber-tree_n if_o for_o under-wood_n then_o let_v they_o grow_v with_o all_o the_o head_n the_o root_n will_v put_v forth_o the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n for_o this_o and_o thus_o much_o at_o present_a of_o prune_v forrest-tree_n for_o i_o tell_v you_o there_o be_v more_o tree_n spoil_v by_o bad_a lop_n or_o prune_v or_o for_o want_n of_o good_a lop_n or_o prune_v than_o there_o be_v of_o all_o disease_n belong_v to_o forrest-tree_n unless_o they_o be_v accidental_a as_o spoil_v by_o cattle_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xxxv_o of_o the_o disease_n of_o tree_n there_o be_v several_a disease_n and_o casualty_n that_o do_v spoil_v tree_n which_o sometime_o happen_v in_o the_o root_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o body_n or_o head_n 1._o the_o root_n may_v be_v the_o decay_n of_o the_o tree_n as_o if_o they_o stand_v in_o ground_n contrary_a to_o its_o kind_a as_o the_o beech_n on_o cold_a clay_n and_o wet_a ground_n or_o the_o alder_n on_o sharp_a dry_a gravel_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o each_o kind_a and_o must_v not_o thus_o be_v set_v 2._o it_o be_v also_o a_o great_a fault_n to_o the_o root_n of_o tree_n to_o set_v those_o tree_n which_o natural_o love_v to_o run_v shallow_a too_o deep_a or_o indeed_o any_o other_o 3._o when_o ground_n be_v very_o stiff_a or_o rocky_a it_o must_v be_v dig_v or_o plough_v to_o make_v way_n for_o the_o root_n to_o run_v in_o and_o contrary_a earth_n lay_v round_o about_o the_o tree_n root_n 4._o great_a weed_n must_v not_o grow_v round_o the_o tree_n for_o they_o will_v rob_v the_o root_n of_o their_o nourishment_n also_o they_o must_v early_o be_v weed_v from_o seedling_n or_o small_a plant_n lest_o they_o choke_v they_o 5._o ivy_n and_o traveller_n joy_n bryany_n and_o such_o climber_n must_v be_v pull_v up_o round_o your_o tree_n lest_o they_o pinch_v or_o make_v they_o crooked_a and_o so_o spoil_v they_o 6._o sucker_n must_v careful_o be_v pull_v off_o whensoever_o you_o see_v they_o break_v out_o open_v the_o earth_n so_o that_o you_o may_v well_o come_v at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o root_n where_o they_o grow_v out_o and_o then_o pull_v or_o cut_v they_o off_o close_o if_o you_o find_v they_o root_v you_o may_v set_v they_o again_o but_o than_o you_o must_v observe_v winter-season_n but_o such_o tree_n as_o yield_v sucker_n from_o the_o run_a root_n as_o the_o elm_n cherry_n etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v in_o wood_n and_o they_o thin_a leave_v some_o of_o they_o as_o you_o please_v they_o will_v do_v the_o tree_n no_o harm_n be_v sure_a to_o take_v sucker_n clean_o off_o from_o the_o body_n the_o first_o year_n 7._o the_o body_n be_v most_o common_o in_o danger_n if_o deer_n hare_n or_o connye_n can_v come_v at_o they_o while_o they_o be_v young_a therefore_o if_o you_o plant_v where_o dear_a or_o coney_n be_v you_o must_v take_v care_n to_o fence_v they_o well_o with_o frames_n of_o wood_n and_o look_v to_o keep_v they_o so_o or_o else_o never_o plant_v at_o all_o for_o in_o one_o day_n or_o night_n they_o will_v bark_v round_o several_a especial_o the_o ash_n line_n abele_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n and_o take_v great_a care_n to_o keep_v your_o apple_n and_o pear_n from_o hare_n and_o coney_n in_o hard_a winter_n for_o they_o will_v spoil_v they_o all_o if_o they_o come_v at_o they_o the_o best_a fence_n to_o secure_v your_o tree_n from_o they_o be_v to_o tie_v thum-band_n of_o hay_n or_o straw_n round_o they_o so_o high_a as_o they_o can_v reach_v keep_v this_o renew_v early_o every_o winter_n 8._o great_a bough_n ill_o take_v off_o as_o i_o have_v many_o time_n say_v before_o spoil_v many_o a_o tree_n therefore_o take_v they_o off_o close_o and_o smooth_a and_o not_o parallel_v to_o the_o horizon_n cover_v the_o wound_n with_o loom_n or_o clay_n well_o mix_v with_o horse-dung_n and_o keep_v it_o so_o cover_v for_o if_o the_o wet_a fall_n perpendicular_a on_o such_o a_o place_n it_o will_v in_o little_a time_n make_v the_o whole_a tree_n hollow_a by_o the_o wet_a get_n in_o there_o which_o come_v by_o great_a lop_v and_o bad_a lop_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o too_o many_o elm_n ash_n horn-beam_n etc._n etc._n spoil_v by_o such_o carelessness_n 9_o if_o a_o tree_n be_v bark-bound_a then_o slit_v through_o the_o bark_n with_o your_o knife_n from_o the_o head_n to_o the_o ground_n the_o spring_n be_v the_o best_a season_n this_o will_v do_v most_o tree_n good_a and_o no_o harm_n to_o any_o 10_o if_o worm_n be_v get_v between_o the_o bark_n and_o the_o body_n of_o your_o tree_n they_o must_v be_v cut_v out_o and_o the_o place_n do_v over_o with_o loom_n 11._o canker_a place_n or_o gall_v or_o bough_n break_v be_v to_o be_v cut_v smooth_a and_o cover_v over_o with_o loom_n the_o canker_n must_v be_v cast_v clean_o out_o if_o a_o great_a bough_n
figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v to_o speak_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n will_v be_v far_o beyond_o my_o intention_n there_o be_v so_o very_a many_o irregular_a figure_n which_o have_v many_o unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n but_o they_o may_v all_o be_v bring_v into_o part_n of_o some_o of_o the_o figure_n follow_v and_o measure_v like_o they_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o one_o useful_a prob._n especial_o to_o make_v your_o oval_n by_o whether_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v touch_v at_o some_o superficial_a figure_n see_v fig._n 30._o suppose_v three_o prick_n or_o point_v give_v so_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n to_o find_v a_o centre_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o circle_n this_o may_v be_v do_v several_a way_n viz._n either_o by_o circle_n or_o by_o raise_v perpendicular_n as_o if_o the_o point_n at_o a._n b._n c._n be_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a as_o the_o line_n d._n e._n which_o you_o may_v soon_o do_v for_o if_o you_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o any_o convenient_a distance_n and_o set_v one_o point_n in_o b._n draw_v the_o arch_n 1._o and_o 2._o then_o set_v one_o point_n in_o 4._o draw_v 3._o and_o 4._o where_o these_o cross_n draw_v the_o line_n e._n d._n do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o point_n b._n c._n and_o where_o the_o two_o perpendicular_a line_n meet_v be_v the_o centre_n as_o at_o f_o etc._n etc._n superficial_a figure_n that_o be_v irregular_a and_o right-lined_n be_v such_o who_o side_n or_o angle_n be_v un-equal_a of_o which_o some_o be_v triangle_n or_o triangular_a figure_n and_o here_o note_v that_o there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o triangle_n which_o be_v thus_o name_v and_o know_v 1._o isocheles_a have_v two_o of_o the_o side_n unequal_a 2._o scalena_n have_v the_o three_o side_n unequal_a 3._o orthygone_n have_v one_o right_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 4._o ambligone_n have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 5._o oxygone_n have_v three_o acute_a angle_n or_o equilateral_a triangle_n see_v fig._n 31._o every_o triangle_n be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a who_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a and_o side_n cut_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a as_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o first_o figure_n show_v by_o the_o prick_a line_n therefore_o to_o measure_v any_o triangle_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o great_a angle_n then_o multiply_v the_o whole_a base_a by_o half_a the_o perpendicular_a or_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a by_o half_a the_o base_a and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a or_o thus_o take_v the_o whole_a base_a and_o whole_a perpendicular_a and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o that_o sum_n be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o triangle_n etc._n etc._n square_a or_o quadrangular_a figure_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o a_o geometrical_a square_n this_o have_v right_a angle_n and_o side_n equal_a 2._o a_o oblong-square_a which_o have_v equal_a opposite_a side_n and_o rectang_n 3._o a_o rhombus_fw-la have_v equal_a side_n and_o unequal_a angle_n 4._o a_o rhomboide_n have_v unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n opposite_a equal_a 5._o trapezia_n be_v all_o other_o four-sided_n figures_n see_v fig._n 32._o the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v one_o of_o the_o side_n in_o its_o self_n in_o the_o second_o the_o length_n multiply_v by_o the_o breadth_n give_v the_o content_a the_o three_o last_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o two_o triangle_n each_o and_o so_o measure_v as_o be_v before_o say_v polygones_n be_v these_o figure_n follow_v as_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n hew_v into_o five_o equal_a side_n this_o be_v call_v a_o pentagone_fw-mi of_o six_o side_n hexagone_n seven_o side_n heptagone_n eight_o side_n octagone_n nine_o side_n enneagone_n ten_o side_n decagone_n twelve_o side_n dodecagone_n to_o measure_v any_o of_o these_o take_v half_a the_o perimeter_n that_o be_v half_o the_o compass_n about_o and_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o side_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o give_v the_o content_a circular_a figure_n be_v these_o which_o be_v thus_o name_v 1._o the_o circle_n be_v near_o equal_a to_o a_o square_a make_v of_o ½_o diameter_n and_o ½_o circumference_n 2._o the_o semicircle_n to_o a_o square_n make_v of_o half_a the_o arch_a line_n and_o ½_o semi-diameter_n 3._o the_o quadrant_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n 4._o the_o segment_n arch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v the_o semi-circumference_n by_o the_o semi-diameter_n the_o second_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n by_o ¼_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n the_o three_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ⅛_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o four_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o ½_o the_o length_n of_o that_o arch-line_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o content_a or_o area_n of_o each_o to_o find_v the_o diameter_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o circumference_n by_o have_v one_o given_z the_o low_a number_n be_v as_o 7_o be_v to_o 22._o so_o be_v the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n or_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o a_o arch-line_n geometrical_o this_o problem_n be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v for_o to_o measure_v the_o quadrand_n segment_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o oval_a for_o the_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n first_o divide_v the_o chord-line_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n then_o set_v one_o of_o these_o part_n from_o one_o end_v of_o the_o chord-line_n also_o set_v one_o of_o the_o four_o part_n from_o the_o angle_n in_o the_o arch-line_n then_o from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o draw_v a_o line_n the_o length_n of_o this_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n see_v fig._n 33._o examp._n a._n b._n the_o chord-line_n divide_v into_o 4_o part_n one_o of_o the_o 4_o part_n set_v from_o b._n to_o c._n and_o one_o part_n set_v from_o a._n to_o d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n c._n d._n which_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n a._n d._n b._n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o thus_o may_v you_o measure_v this_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o the_o like_a but_o if_o the_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v great_a than_o a_o semicircle_n then_o divide_v the_o arch-line_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o double_v give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a arch-line_n this_o rule_n will_v assist_v you_o to_o measure_v the_o oval_a whether_o it_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o regular_a figure_n but_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n aforesaid_a therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o the_o use_v of_o some_o geometrical_a figure_n which_o be_v very_o useful_a not_o question_v but_o that_o you_o understand_v the_o first_o rule_n in_o geometry_n as_o to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n line_n to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular-line_n from_o another_o etc._n etc._n for_o those_o thing_n be_v out_o of_o my_o intend_a discourse_n therefore_o if_o you_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o they_o consult_v with_o euclid_n and_o other_o how_o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n by_o which_o you_o make_v a_o square_a very_o useful_a also_o to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n from_o a_o strait-line_n in_o any_o garden_n walk_v house-end_n or_o the_o like_a see_v fig._n 34._o examp._n if_o you_o be_v desire_v to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n at_o b._n from_o the_o line_n a._n b._n take_v six_o foot_n yard_n or_o rod_n and_o measure_v from_o b._n to_o c._n in_o your_o strait-line_n then_o take_v eight_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o set_v from_o b._n to_o d._n and_o ten_o of_o the_o same_o hold_v one_o end_n at_o c._n bring_v the_o line_n b._n d._n till_o it_o just_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n d._n at_o d._n so_o have_v you_o a_o exact_a square_n make_v by_o 6._o 8._o and_o 10._o see_v euclid_n first_o book_n prob._n 47._o and_o p._n 35._o math._n recreation_n p._n 93._o see_v fig._n 35._o this_o you_o may_v do_v in_o other_o number_n that_o bear_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o euc._n tell_v you_o that_o the_o square_n make_v of_o the_o side_n subtend_v the_o right_a angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n make_v of_o both_o the_o side_n contain_v the_o right_a
cider_n if_o your_o fruit_n be_v good_a and_o very_a ripe_a you_o may_v put_v more_o if_o the_o contrary_a less_o let_v the_o tub_n be_v cover_v and_o stand_v thus_o with_o the_o water_n and_o stamping_n together_o four_o or_o five_o day_n and_o night_n if_o it_o be_v cold_a weather_n let_v they_o stand_v a_o week_n than_o you_o may_v press_v the_o stamping_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v get_v as_o much_o as_o you_o think_v will_v fill_v a_o vessel_n put_v it_o on_o the_o fire_n and_o scum_n it_o well_o and_o when_o you_o find_v the_o scum_n begin_v not_o to_o rise_v very_o fast_o then_o take_v it_o off_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o put_v it_o into_o tub_n or_o cooler_n to_o cool_v and_o when_o it_o be_v cold_a than_o tun_n it_o up_o and_o when_o it_o have_v do_v work_v then_o bung_a it_o up_o and_o in_o a_o month_n time_n it_o will_v be_v fit_a to_o drink_v you_o may_v if_o you_o please_v boil_v a_o little_a ginger_n in_o it_o or_o a_o little_a clove_n juniper_n berry_n or_o other_o thing_n which_o you_o fancy_v to_o please_v the_o pallet_n or_o against_o some_o distemper_n you_o fear_v for_o small_a thing_n take_v in_o time_n may_v prevent_v danger_n very_o great_a syrup_n of_o rasburies_n give_v a_o very_a please_a taste_n in_o cider_n perry_n may_v be_v make_v and_o order_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n only_o take_v care_v your_o pear_n be_v not_o too_o ripe_a for_o if_o they_o be_v you_o will_v be_v trouble_v to_o get_v your_o liquor_n fine_a those_o pear_n be_v best_a for_o perry_n that_o have_v a_o hard_a flesh_n and_o stony_a at_o the_o core_n the_o juice_n easy_o separate_v from_o the_o flesh_n the_o fruit_n yield_v a_o good_a plenty_n of_o juice_n the_o pear_n common_o of_o a_o harsh_a taste_n but_o those_o pear_n that_o have_v a_o soft_a flesh_n as_o many_o of_o our_o best_a eat_a pear_n have_v be_v not_o good_a for_o perry_n as_o the_o burry_n borgatmote_n green-feild_n green-chesels_a and_o several_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n we_o have_v a_o pear_n at_o cashiobury_n and_o it_o be_v at_o other_o place_n near_o watford_n it_o be_v a_o little_a harsh_a juicy_a pear_n but_o make_v excellent_a liquor_n as_o my_o honourable_a lord_n can_v testify_v and_o several_a other_o its_o only_a inconvenience_n be_v it_o be_v but_o a_o small_a fruit_n but_o the_o quantity_n it_o yield_v be_v good_a i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wild_a pear_n never_o graft_v but_o for_o its_o excellency_n aforesaid_a the_o kind_n deserve_v to_o be_v preserve_v by_o the_o curious_a i_o know_v no_o name_n it_o have_v as_o yet_o captain_n wingate_n near_o welling_n have_v a_o excellent_a pear_n for_o perry_n i_o have_v taste_v of_o the_o liquor_n and_o have_v see_v the_o fruit_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n or_o no_o i_o know_v not_o which_o shall_v be_v a_o property_n in_o perry_n pear-tree_n there_o be_v a_o pear_n call_v by_o my_o ingenious_a friend_n mr._n pritchet_n gardner_n to_o my_o lord_n of_o salisbury_n rufins_n pear_n which_o make_v excellent_a perry_n and_o be_v a_o good_a bearer_n as_o i_o have_v oft_o be_v inform_v by_o he_o by_o the_o taste_n of_o the_o fruit_n it_o be_v very_o good_a for_o perry_n indeed_o most_o sort_n of_o bake_v pear_n make_v good_a perry_n or_o any_o that_o be_v qualify_v as_o be_v beforesaid_a and_o that_o bear_v well_o and_o yield_v great_a store_n of_o liquor_n mind_v your_o vessel_n be_v sweet_a you_o put_v your_o cider_n or_o perry_n in_o for_o a_o little_a tang_n in_o the_o vessel_n will_v spoil_v all_o a_o sack_n vessel_n be_v very_o good_a though_o discommend_v by_o some_o so_o be_v your_o white-wine_n or_o claret-wine_n cask_n or_o a_o vessel_n where_o cider_n have_v be_v before_o etc._n etc._n finis_fw-la here_o place_v the_o figure_n the_o content_n of_o each_o particular_a chapter_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o several_a way_n of_o raise_v tree_n the_o best_a for_o forrest-tree_n be_v by_o their_o seed_n key_n or_o nut_n etc._n etc._n pag._n 1._o chap._n 2._o how_o to_o observe_v and_o know_v the_o nature_n of_o seed_n so_o as_o the_o better_a to_o raise_v they_o p._n 3._o chap._n 3._o the_o shape_n of_o seed_n and_o their_o weight_n do_v inform_v you_o how_o to_o set_v they_o p._n 5._o chap._n 4._o observation_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o key_n and_o seed_n p._n 6._o chap._n 5._o of_o the_o several_a way_n to_o raise_v forrest-tree_n or_o other_o and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o by_o lay_v p._n 9_o chap._n 6._o of_o those_o sort_n of_o tree_n that_o will_v grow_v of_o cut_n and_o how_o to_o perform_v the_o same_o p._n 12._o chap._n 7._o of_o such_o sort_n of_o tree_n as_o may_v be_v raise_v by_o the_o root_n of_o another_o tree_n and_o how_o to_o raise_v they_o p._n 13._o chap._n 8._o what_o soil_n or_o dung_n be_v best_a sore_a tree_n or_o their_o seed_n p._n 14._o chap._n 9_o of_o water_n for_o tree_n and_o seed_n and_o water_v they_o p._n 20._o chap._n 10._o of_o oak_n raise_v and_o improve_n p._n 34._o chap._n 11._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o elm_n p._n 50._o chap._n 12._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o ash_n p._n 53._o chap._n 13._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o beech_n p._n 57_o chap._n 14._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o walnut_n p._n 58._o chap._n 15._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o chestnut_n p._n 63._o chap._n 16._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sarvice-tree_n p._n 64._o chap._n 17._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o cherrytree_n p._n 65._o chap._n 18._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o linetree_n p._n 67._o chap._n 19_o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o maple_n p._n 72._o chap._n 20._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o sycamore_n ibid._n chap._n 21._o of_o raise_v and_o order_v the_o hornbeam_n p._n 73._o chap._n 22._o of_o raise_v the_o quickbeam_n p._n 75._o chap._n 23._o of_o raise_v the_o birch_n ibid._n chap._n 24._o of_o raise_v the_o hazel_n p._n 77._o chap._n 25._o of_o raise_v the_o several_a sort_n of_o poplar_n ibid._n chap._n 26._o of_o raise_v the_o alder_a p._n 81._o chap._n 27._o of_o raise_v the_o withy_a willow_n sallow_a oziers_n p._n 82._o chap._n 28._o of_o the_o pine_n fir_n pinaster_n etc._n etc._n p._n 84._o chap._n 29._o of_o raise_v the_o yew_n holly_n box_n juniper_n bayes_n etc._n etc._n p._n 86._o chap._n 30._o general_a rule_n for_o plant_v forrest-tree_n in_o avenue_n walk_n or_o orchard_n as_o in_o a_o natural_a ground_n p._n 88_o chap._n 31._o of_o plant_v forrest-tree_n to_o make_v wood_n or_o to_o fill_v up_o naked_a place_n in_o wood_n where_o they_o want_v p._n 89._o chap._n 32._o of_o plant_v young_a hedge_n and_o how_o to_o improve_v and_o keep_v old_a hedge_n p._n 95._o chap._n 33._o of_o plant_v several_a sort_n of_o forrest-tree_n in_o order_n to_o make_v the_o best_a advantage_n of_o ground_n as_o orchard_n or_o the_o like_a p._n 104._o chap._n 34._o of_o prune_v tree_n some_o general_a observation_n p._n 112._o chap._n 35._o of_o the_o disease_n of_o tree_n p._n 117._o chap._n 36._o of_o felling_n and_o order_v wood_n and_o coppice_n p._n 119._o chap._n 37._o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n p._n 126._o chap._n 38._o of_o make_v walk_n avenue_n or_o lawn_n p._n 135._o chap._n 39_o of_o several_a superficial_a figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v p._n 148._o chap._n 40._o to_o divide_v a_o right_a line_n give_v according_a to_o any_o proportion_n require_v and_o how_o to_o divide_v land_n or_o wood_n with_o some_o use_n of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n p._n 151._o chap._n 41._o of_o measure_v holes_n and_o border_n that_o be_v under_o a_o pole_n broad_a by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a let_v or_o take_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o pole-square_a etc._n etc._n with_o several_a table_n of_o measure_n p._n 160._o chap._n 42._o of_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n with_o several_a table_n useful_a thereunto_o p._n 170._o chap._n 43._o of_o the_o oval_a how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v it_o with_o other_o observation_n thereon_o p._n 176._o chap._n 44._o suppose_v you_o have_v a_o plot_n to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o paper_n and_o you_o will_v draw_v it_o at_o as_o large_a as_o the_o paper_n will_v bear_v to_o know_v what_o scale_n you_o shall_v draw_v it_o by_o p._n 179._o chap._n 45._o to_o find_v what_o scale_n a_o plate_n or_o draft_n be_v draw_v by_o the_o content_a of_o the_o ground_n be_v give_v p._n 181._o chap._n 46._o the_o description_n of_o the_o line_n of_o number_n or_o gunter_n line_n p._n 181._o chap._n 47._o numeration_n on_o the_o line_n or_o to_o read_v a_o sum_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 184._o chap._n 48._o addition_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 186._o chap._n 49._o substraction_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 187._o chap._n 50._o multiplication_n on_o the_o line_n of_o mumber_n p._n 188._o chap._n 51._o division_n on_o the_o line_n p._n 193._o chap._n 52._o the_o rule_n of_o three_o on_o the_o line_n p._n 194._o chap._n 53._o the_o golden_a rule_n reverse_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n p._n 196._o chap._n 54._o of_o level_v any_o ground_n and_o to_o make_v slope_n or_o battery_n etc._n etc._n p._n 198._o chap._n 55._o rule_n for_o make_v of_o cider_n p._n 200._o a_o catalogue_n of_o book_n of_o husbandry_n sell_v by_o peter_n parker_n at_o the_o leg_n and_o star_n in_o cornhill_n the_o english_a gardener_n or_o a_o sure_a guide_n to_o young_a planter_n and_o gardener_n in_o three_o part_n 1._o show_v the_o way_n and_o order_n of_o plant_v and_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o stock_n fruit-tree_n and_o shrub_n with_o the_o divers_a way_n and_o manner_n of_o engraft_v and_o inoculate_v in_o their_o several_a season_n 2._o how_o to_o order_v the_o kitchen_n garden_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o herb_n root_n and_o salad_n 3._o the_o order_v the_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n how_o to_o raise_v all_o sort_n of_o flower_n and_o their_o season_n with_o direction_n touch_v arbour_n and_o hedge_n in_o garden_n likewise_o several_a other_o thing_n fit_a to_o be_v know_v to_o all_o that_o delight_n in_o orchard_n and_o garden_n by_o leonard_n meager_n above_o thirty_o year_n practitioner_n in_o the_o art_n of_o garden_v the_o countryman_z recreation_n or_o the_o art_n of_o plant_v graft_n and_o garden_v in_o three_o book_n 1._o declare_v divers_a way_n of_o plant_v and_o graft_n 2._o treat_v of_o the_o hop-garden_n with_o instruction_n for_o make_v and_o the_o maintenance_n thereof_o 3._o the_o expert_a gardener_n contain_v divers_a necessary_a and_o rare_a secret_n belong_v to_o that_o art_n with_o direction_n to_o know_v the_o time_n and_o season_n to_o sow_n and_o plant_v all_o manner_n of_o seed_n also_o how_o to_o destroy_v snail_n canker-worm_n mole_n and_o all_o other_o vermin_n which_o usual_o breed_v in_o garden_n whereunto_o also_o be_v add_v the_o art_n of_o angle_a the_o manner_n of_o order_v fruit-tree_n by_o the_o sieure_fw-fr le_fw-fr gendre_n curate_n of_o henonville_n where_o in_o treat_v of_o nursery_n wall_n fruit_n hedge_n of_o fruit_n tree_n dwarf-tree_n high_a stander_n etc._n etc._n write_a in_o french_a and_o translate_v faithful_o into_o english_a at_o the_o request_n of_o several_a person_n of_o honour_n a_o piece_n so_o high_o approve_v of_o in_o france_n that_o it_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n print_v there_o the_o government_n of_o cattle_n divide_v into_o three_o book_n 1._o treat_v of_o ox_n cow_n and_o calf_n and_o how_o to_o use_v bull_n and_o other_o cattle_n to_o the_o yoke_n or_o fall_v 2._o discourse_v of_o the_o government_n of_o horse_n with_o approve_a medicine_n against_o most_o disease_n 3._o of_o the_o order_n sheep_n and_o goat_n hog_n and_o dog_n with_o true_a remedy_n to_o help_v the_o infirmity_n that_o befall_v any_o of_o they_o also_o instruction_n for_o take_v mole_n and_o husband_v of_o ground_n compose_v by_o leonard_n mascal_n